to holland and their voyage to new england in 1620. it ends with the depiction of the first thanksgiving in massachusetts, much of the narration is taken from the book of plymouth plantation, written by a pilgrim, william bradford. ♪ >> the time is september in the year 1620. the good ship mayflower is carrying programs across the sea to america. why did they leave their homes? the answer is in the history of the plymouth plantation, written by william bradford. his history began with religious problems in new england, when the new ruler became king in 1603. as king, james was also supreme head of the church of england, the official church. but, some people objected to these expensive rules and rituals of the church of england, they would call them separatists. the story of the religious persecution in england had become this story. >> therefore, the lord's free people joined themselves into a church of state. they were from various towns and villages in england. but as they joined together, exercising the worship of god amongst them

some in love in hampshire, england. but after they continued together for about a year and kept their meetings every sabbath, exercising the worship of god among themselves, they saw they could no longer continue. so they resolved to get over to holland, which was in 1607 and 1608. narrator: the separatists would leave england to find freedom of religion in holland. >> to leave their native country, their lands and livings and all their friends and family -- and familiar acquaintances was much adventure, almost desperate. narrator: about 125 separatists from england reached holland, the netherlands. ♪ >> being now coming to holland, they saw many goodly cities. also, they heard a strange language, beheld the different manners and customs of the people, with their strange fashions, so it seemed they were coming to a new world. after they had lived there about some 11 or 12 years, they began to foresee the future and think of removal to some other place, a place they had thoughts on, some of those vast countries of amer

while the manuscript was still in england. a commonwealth edition was published in 1898, following the repatriation of the volume and since then there have been a number of other editions, when our edition came out in may someone asked on facebook why she should buy it because she already had five other editions. well, let me try and answer that. this is both in its printed form and in the soon to appear online version the most accurate transcription of the manuscript that is available, a high resolution color scan of the original, enabled ken minkema to detect -- made by bradford at various points of its composition and to establish that some of the insertions and marks on the pages were made by a later user, most likely thomas prince. dr. minkema has pointed in his introductory essay we can judge with some degree of certainty that bradford made at least two passes into the text, stretching into the 1650s. he did not abandon his history, as some had said, but continued to try and clarify his meaning and improve his style. ear

some of local origin and other transporter from england. who is skilled in the preparation supervises a selection to be used in a special brought. later, she carries her preparation to a case of serious illness in the home of harold perry. >> here is herbs freshly brewed. >> it's most timing and welcome the. >> yes, there is still sickness and there is still the helpfulness of neighbor towards neighbor. there has to be in a new land where the settlers faced uncertainty of a new way of life. mistress perry knows that building a better world requires courage and faith. and these men, writing-backed england, they know that too. >> we are sorry to send back the ship without -- that there will be much sickness among us and many numbers lack strength to survive the winter cold. yet, for the most, we remain of good hard and make what haste became to build that plantation. among the lumber there will be more -- and some seeking again. yet we formed a one party politic. >> there is resolve and hope and promise fewer men were still build. here on the

in the east of england it's 59%, and in london 62%. ina very england it's 59%, and in london 62%. in a very slightly but those numbers are broadly right, and those of gone up are broadly right, and those of gone up very, very fast over the last few weeks. this is really gonna quit quickly. much lower in other areas of the country, and when you look at the rates of increase in hospitalisations there's been numbers of people in hospitals across the country, what you see is in the areas where this is very, very in the areas where this is very, very common in the areas where this is very, very common receiving rates of increase of maybe 36% in the east of england, 34% in london, and 28% of the southeast. these are the areas that have significant numbers of this new variant. if you go to the northwest and northeast in these areas has been no increase in hospitalisations, and they are managing to keep things down. if you look at the rates of this new variant in these areas you will see they are much lower. for example yorkshire around 5%. if you have a lower amount of this variant the r

and there are also changes to the advice for those living in tiers 1 to 3 in england. the so—called ‘christmas bubbles‘ will be restricted to just christmas day. the advice is to remain local and not to travel internationally. our political editor, laura kuennsberg has the full stiry. another twist in 2020's terrible,. that the pirate is outpacing politician and the publics attempt to get hold of itjust when the time of year journeys are to get hold of itjust when the time of yearjourneys are meant to get hold of itjust when the time of year journeys are meant to to get hold of itjust when the time of yearjourneys are meant to bring us of yearjourneys are meant to bring us together. from midnight, travelled from london's paddington or anywhere in the south—east will be banned, the government cancelling family christmas plans point of this couple have already decided not to see family. it was never a good idea to say we are not about any restrictions, it's not like covid was going to take a break. itjust made no sense and it is messing with peoples minds. this m

, hypocrisy unmasked and new england salamander. thomas morton and other enemies of the colony published their own accounts of the pilgrim adventure and accounts that were much more critical. some early, sympathetic historians including nathaniel morton and william hubbard had the advantage of speaking to men and women who had themselves incorporated their tales drawing on all of these we made an effort to include in our annotation material that sometimes supplemented, but occasionally contradicted bradford's narrative. equally significant our notes draw on bradford's other writings. during the last decade of his life he composed three dialogues as they are known, accounts of the religious dimensions of the story, organized as exchanges between the ancients of the colony, and members of the younger generation. two of the three survived. they were, in many ways, unfiltered. and in them he dealt far more with the religion of the pilgrims than he did in his history. bradford, also composed poems, something relatively common among educa

now, they could allow the mayflower to sail back to england. as they watched, perhaps they realized they would never see their old homes again, but they had new homes now in their new colony of plymouth. they realized, too, that the merchants in england who had lent money to the colony would be waiting to be repaid in trade goods. so there was still much work to be done in the first year. it was now april. >> as many as were able began to plant corn. squanto told them to set fish in the ground to help it grow. he also directed them where to catch fish. so all that summer, there was no want and every family had their portion. >> in the small but sturdy homes the pilgrims had built, cooking and studying and every day of family life was going on. as the summer of their first year came to an end, pilgrim farmers harvested the corn they planted. to celebrate their harvest, they prepared a feast. there was food they had grown, wild turkeys from the forest, and lobsters and fish from the sea. the pilgrims invited their indian friends. this was a time

and what a win that is for england! zak crawley had this breakthrough innings and it was staggering. 267 he scored. well, that is glorious. we've got to mention forjames anderson. his longevity is extraordinary. 38 years old and still pumping out the wickets and then he got to the holy grail of 600 on the last test match day of the summer. got it! the first ever seam bowler to get 600 test match wickets. to go out there and get the chance to get the 600 was really special and obviously sharing that moment with the guys that i played a lot of cricket with was making it even more special. in a way, the performances on the field were a lot less important than the fact that it happened and the fact that we could prove that it was possible to put a biosecure bubble together. that sport does not have to stop because of the ravages of covid, that we don't have to just surrender in the face of this calamity. the march reign ended the world t20 hopes of england's women. it was more than half a year before they played again, winn

and the early years of new england. we recorded this and plymouth, massachusetts in 2006, the year the book was published. >> name is peggy baker, i'm the director of pilgrim hall museum and i would like to welcome you is aere tonight for one grand occasion for all of us who love pilgrims. because we are, in essence, gathered to celebrate the first comprehensive, narrative about plymouth colony in over 50 years. three keywords. one, well written as one would expect from philbrick, whose distinguished career has focused on americo's relationship with the sea and a string of notable books, from a way offshore to abram's eyes, to the heart of the sea. second, comprehensive. in covering not just the voyage for the first few years, working philip's war, all of which have recently been done, but in covering the entire story, allowing us, the readers, to enjoy the true benefits of history, which is the scope, to follow consequences of actions through generations. narratives, because what nat does best is to tell a story. an ad

along the new england coast there is several new settlements. it's a small community numbering scarcely more than 30 people. robert craft here is a fishermen. he built this bark wigwam with albert simms and jason conway, as yet there are few women here. the beds are hung up like this every morning, but the fire is dying out is a rare occurrence. over at the fox dugout nearby, morning tasks are likewise under way. mr. fox is doing something that has to be done in carving a home out of a wilderness. lucinda fox is grinding corn, a food important to all of the settlers while brother oliver milks the family goat. >> some careless bachelors, john? >> you would be welcome. do not speak of it to susan. >> the settlers shared dangers together and they gladly share others, too. >> how seems master robert today, mistress fox?lxÑ >> i feel there is little change. the fever has not left him these many days. >> one day when you're well again, laddy, you can hunt dear again with jason. >> the fireplace doesn't always give adequate heat, especially when there

four quakers die in new england. all of them die at the hand of the colony, but will will happen in the year 1661 to 16 62 two, hundreds and hundreds of them will die in english prisons because they would not do what i asked you to do at the start of the morning. they would not take an oath because quakers believe that every word that came out of your mouth should be a word of truth and therefore an oath was not required to prove that your speech was extra truthful or extra binding. he could not suppress the faith because one of the ways he got the crown back was a guarantee of religious diversity in england, but he could destroy them by creating a law that said you must take -- an oath of loyalty and refusing to do it off you go to prison. past,e look back at the there is diversity of faith. there are those that are living openly like the quakers. there are those, like thomas macey, that may be living a positive life and practicing their faith out of the eyes of their neighbors and longing for a day of religious fre

nearly 18 million people in london and south east england to move into stricter tier for restrictions from midnight. people must stay—at—home and nonessential shops have to close. for those in tier 4 it means the relaxation of rules that christmas has been scrapped and reduced to one day, the 25th, for the rest of england. we must be realistic. we are sacrificing the chance to see our loved ones this christmas so we have a better chance of protecting their lives, so that we can see them at future christmases. the new restrictions are due to a spike in cases that is being blamed ona spike in cases that is being blamed on a fast spreading new variants of the disease. the whole of wales is to be placed under lockdown from midnight with festive rules cancelled for all but christmas day. scotland reduces the five—day festive window from mixing with other households indoors to just christmas day itself, and imposes a strict travel ban between itself and the rest of the uk. borisjohnson has announced a new tougher level of coronavirus restriction in england, after scientists said a mut

i want to push more than everfor england. better. i want to push more than ever for england. where do you feel, having had that experience in france, where do you feel manchester city is and also the wsl? the wsl right now i think it's probably the best league in the world. because of the talent that's come in this year more so the talent that's come in this year more so than any other year, specifically the american talent. notjust at specifically the american talent. not just at city, specifically the american talent. notjust at city, but specifically the american talent. not just at city, but across the teams. i think those teams could compete. we could be a team like lyon. they could win as well. we are at that level, but i don't think any tea m at that level, but i don't think any team in the world right now can really sta nd team in the world right now can really stand there and say we're at the same level. what drives you ain? the same level. what drives you again? for me, it's constantly wanting to win these trophies as a team. got my eyes on so many champions league

and areas of england will be moving into tier 4from tomorrow. and i areas of england will be moving into tier 4 from tomorrow. and i say again, no one regrets these measures more bitterly than i do, but we must ta ke more bitterly than i do, but we must take firm action now, and that's why we have to think very hard about schools, because today, of course, it remains the case that keeping children in education is a national priority. it remains the case that schools are safe, but we must face the reality that the sheer pace of the reality that the sheer pace of the spread of this new variant requires us now to take even tougher action in some areas, and that does affect schools, and let me set out to you what this means. in most of england, primary schools will still reassemble next week, as planned, for the new term. but, in the areas we have just published today on gov.uk, iam we have just published today on gov.uk, i am afraid the start of the new term will be to late until at least january the 18th, when the latest data on those infection ra

gales in the south—west of england and south—west wales. it's a southerly wind so it's going to be a very mild day. after that mild start, temperatures will keep up to highs of 13—14 celsius. hello this is bbc news with me, clive myrie. the headlines... millions more people in england will be living under the toughest restrictions from saturday, in a bid to slow down the spread of coronavirus. i regret having to take the action that we have to take, i deem it necessary and there is a strong view right across government that these actions are necessary, but i also plead that personal responsibility is absolutely essential to how we as a society should respond to this pandemic. thousands of school children across england will have their return to school staggered, after the christmas break due to coronavirus concerns. the chancellor announces an extension to the furlough scheme. it will now run until the end of april next year. center, here's gavin. good evening. thank you forjoining us. the ban on russia competing at major sporting events

it was not safe to stay in england. so even though it was late in the year and they would be arriving at what they thought was going to be virginia late in the fall, they had to move forward. it took three years for them to find merchants to back the mayflower venture. there was no going back. william bradford, the governor of plymouth colony, wrote a chronicle over the course of 20 years, and he described the voyage in its earliest weeks as being fair and pleasant. but the second half, they were troubled by constant tempests at sea. so the first part peaceful, the second part very dramatic. master jones, what we would call the captain of the mayflower, brought them to england because he was trying to make speed. he tries to get down the coast only to discover new england's waters are very dangerous. mayflower is almost broken apart on the shoals and he refuses to go southward. so now there is no legal document holding them together, and the most powerful men within the company of passengers, they create a covenant sayi

england in 1620. takenf the narration is -- athe book of permission plymouth plantation. it was written by william bradford. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> the time is september in the year 1620. the good ship mayflower is carrying pilgrims across the sea to america. who were the pilgrims? why did they leave their homes? the answer is in the history of the plymouth plantation, written by william bradford, second governor of the colony. bradford's history against with -- begins with religious problems in england when james the first became king in 1603. as king, james was also supreme head of the church of england, the official church, but some people objected to the expensive robes and rituals of the church of england. they withdrew from it and they were called separatists. the story of their religious persecution in england, how they became pilgrims and how they found religious freedom was recorded by william bradford. >> therefore, the lord's free people joined themselves into a church or state. they were from vari

it is cold everywhere, a miserable and wet and cloudy day for england and wet and cloudy day for england and wales with heavy rain in the south—east of england. for northern ireland and scotland, mostly showers moving through but we are left with a cold and frosty and icy day. you can see those shower clouds in the north—west of the uk but this mass of cloud has been sweeping rain eastwards a cross of cloud has been sweeping rain eastwards across england and wales, more to come through today with some snow over the tops of the northern pennines. some drier weather in scotla nd pennines. some drier weather in scotland and northern ireland but temperatures are not far from freezing to. more rain in england and wales which will continue this evening, moving away from most areas overnight as the wetter weather works northward into northern england with sleet and snow over the hills and into scotland as it runs to the colder air and the snow will develop more widely. some wetter weather threatening the south—east of england and east anglia. a messy night, patchy frost in england and wal

en masse, and new england salamander. thomas morton and other enemies of the colony publish their own accounts of the pilgrim adventure, accounts that are much more critical. early, sympathetic historians, including nathaniel martin and william hubbard, had the advantages of speaking to men and women who themselves played a part in the colony's store and incorporated those tales into their own narratives. drawing on all of these, we made an effort to include in our annotation material that sometimes supplemented but occasionally contradicted bradford's narrative. equally significant, our notes draw on bradford's other writings. during the last decade of his life, he composed three dialogues, as they are known, accounts of the religious dimensions of the story, organized as exchanges between the members of the colony and the younger generation. two of the three survive. they were, in many ways, unfiltered. in them, he dealt far more with the religion of the pilgrims than with his history. bradford also composed poems, rela

to new england. but they tend to settle there. the plymouth colony is a smaller enterprise. it's first, and i think that document, the compact, is very dispositive for things that come later. but, we should remember that. and when we think the pequot war, we speak of things like that. there are different communities engaging with native americans and engaging themselves and the strangers among them in slightly different ways. >> in our closing section, would you like to comment on anything else that we can learn as americans today, from the mayflower compact that perhaps has been overlooked? >> if i may go first, i will try to be very brief. as-the leader to this mayflower compact legacy. i don't want to make too much of it. the women look even at the structure of this document. with a preamble, if you will. they are not exactly we the people, but you know, we the undersigned. and then, a statement of purposes of their journey. and then the creation of that civil body politic. and then a kind of pled

, half the clubs are still in tier 3 and england, half the clubs are still in tier3and are england, half the clubs are still in tier 3 and are therefore unable yet to welcome the fans back. also, with just 2000, it is of little financial benefit. in fact a night here in shrewsbury they reckon it will cost the clubs thousands of fans, that is the clubs thousands of fans, that is the cost of extra stewarding —— thousands of pounds. after almost nine months without paying spectators, sport has massively missed the atmosphere and the passion that they bring, and finally tonight they are reunited. time for a look at the weather here's darren bett. it is turning colder once again, but it is also turning wetter in the next few days. for many, it will be rain but there will be some sleet in there too, and we are likely to find some snow in the hills as well. we are seeing colder air pushing down from the north—west today, the blustery winds bringing all these shower clouds will stop for cloud coming in from the atlantic and a band to clear away from the south—east of england, bringing so

tomorrow, the tier levels in england will be reviewed. across the uk, health ministers have pleaded with people to stay home for new year's, sticking to the restrictions in place. the challenges for the health services over the next days and weeks are immense. keith doyle, bbc news. president—electjoe biden says his team is still not getting the co—operation it needs from the outgoing trump administration. he says many national security agencies have been damaged, and "hollowed out" during donald trump's time in office an allegation rejected by the white house. we are just three weeks away from the inauguration of the next us president, joe biden. and it appears president trump's grip on his party is starting to loosen. republicans in the us house of representatives have joined democrats to reject the president's veto of a defence bill. the senate will vote on the measure later and could — with a two—thirds majority — override mr trump's use of the veto for the first time during his presidency. debra alfarone from cbs news is in

much change the new england. seven generation second generation at a very different attitudes in the first. the young englishman began to cut it wetlands the native american still possess, while the young warriors, the poker notions said what go to these english to? us they've taken our birthright. both sides began to see the other is not something that they needed for survival, but as an impediment to their future survival. this was this created and yet this created tension in the colony but when war broke out it was not inevitable. it struck most people in the colony by native in pogrom alike with no surprise. philip friend massasoit, and just tsai wins low, son of edward winds, low governor of plymouth colony did not like each other very much. philip was convinced that society have been responsible for the death of his older brother, also known as alexander about a decade for the outbreak of violence. for his part, to sign a distinguished in self as one of the more unscrupulous purchasers of native american la

so the bulk of persecution of the quakers is taken away from england -- new england and removed back to england itself, because king charles despised the quakers. forcesthem as one of the that rose up in fighting his father, the execution of his father, and that's where quaker pacifism comes from, that the only way to save the faith was for george foxx to make a statement quakers will never take up arms again. it was the only way for them to maintain. four of them die in new england, all of them die at the hands of the colony. what will happen within the year 1661 to 1662, hundreds will die in english prisons, because they would not do what i asked you to do at the start of the morning, they would not take a nose, because quakers believed every word that came out of your mouth should be a word of truth, and therefore, the note was not required to prove your speech was extra truthful or extra binding. so he could not suppress the faith, because one of the ways he got the crown back was religious diversity in england, but he could destroy them by creating a law that says you must take

patchy frost for england and wales. into the morning snow could be a problem in scotla nd morning snow could be a problem in scotland early on in the day and deception there will be snow on the levels for a while. particularly in easton scotland heavy rain bringing and strong winds will push rain into northern ireland and deals on the coast. i clears to the southeast and east anglia and moves into england. maybe some snow over the areas but for the midlands in southern england it becomes dry and sunshine. it's a cold day and it will feel colder because the wind will be stronger. explaining the elect whether and it will slide into the weekend into france and gradually over the weekend it will turn dry and quiet with the wind eating as well. stand in the cold air and temperatures will not go improve. particularly for england and wales some sleet and snow over the district and the hills and we have got some wet weather into eastern parts of scotland. you can hear of intervention become dry and temperature is in 7 degrees.

a borisjohnson says he can't rule out a third lockdown in england after christmas because of a rise in coronavirus infections. it comes as the numbers testing positive in london and the east midlands overtake the north of england. the prime minister says it's possible he'll be left with no choice. we are hoping very much we will be able to avoid anything like that but the reality is, the rates of infection have increased very much in the last few weeks. we'll have the latest on restrictions across the uk. also this lunchtime. headteachers say the last—minute demand for testing of secondary school children across england is a shambles. parents say they're confused. it is difficult to know at the moment but it is pretty chaotic because we've onlyjust found out yesterday and it is child care issues in january. cyber hackers have gained access to two us departments which manage the country's nuclear stockpile. long covid — doctors are urged to follow up with patients who may still suffer symptoms months after contracting the virus. and like father, like son — wayne rooney announces h

we having to clear away from easternmost parts of england by mid—morning tomorrow and thenit england by mid—morning tomorrow and then it is sunshine and bands of showers coming in, showers murphy couldn't have it out to the west, but more showers will get blown england because it will be a windy day, particularly around the heavy showers. it will be a quite mild day on saturday. not as mild as today, but still temperature range of nine to 10 degrees. thing is feeling off as we can guzzle, early sunday as cool as a further five or 6 degrees. a case of sunshine and showers on sunday, most of the showers across western areas, some wetter, windier weather in the north—west of scotland. elsewhere, more anywhere sunshine, they wind these down, it will be cooler on sunday. and then we have cloud and rain arriving in the south—west during the evening. 0ne the south—west during the evening. one area of low pressure bringing a wet and windy weather overnight into monday, another weighting in the wings before it turns a drier in most areas, but colder by christmas. this is bbc news. the

they can go back to england. they could go someplace else and that is a pretty big principle in this era where it was considered a very little idea. the right to exit is a huge innovation that really is rooted in what these pilgrims did. >> thank you. now, both of you have written about religious pluralism and can you describe how the mayflower compact and creation of the civil body politic is informative on those interested in religious pluralism today. >> i can start on that. the pilgrims were separatists from the church of england, as dr. morrison said. amazingly in 1620, they write this little document that organizes a civil body politic. it's a social compact, but social compact decades before hobbs , decades before locke and decades before russo. it is rooted in a set of, that support the teaching of science. that's because they had this notion rooted in covenant theology that individual believers in a community can make decisions about a faith and that there should not be a level of interference in the con

report from public health england. the highest rate is in the capital, london, and that is in tier3 in the capital, london, and that is in tier 3 already. it is now standing at 319 cases their 100,000 people. i should say, these are figures for the week to the similar 13th. up—to—date, but not as far as today. 319 cases per 100,000 people in the capital. in eastern england, the rate is now 249 per 100,000, and in the south—east, it is 238. increasing in many parts of the country. in fact, increasing in many parts of the country. infact, public increasing in many parts of the country. in fact, public health in and have told us the only area according on week falls is yorkshire and the humber, which drop very slightly by a handful, now standing at 148 per 100,000. going up in many areas and a big figure in london, although of course london is made up of 32 boroughs and the figures can va ry of 32 boroughs and the figures can vary quite a lot from borough to borough. we do note that rising rates in london is where t

yes, so some familiar opponents for england in plain poland. yeah, scotland have some familiar opponents too. they've drawn israel again — a side they've already faced twice since the pandemic and they've played in qualifying plenty of times this century. the faroe islands are another side who might give scotland fans the chills — they took points off them in qualifying 18 years ago. but having just reached their first tournament in 22 years, scotlaand are a side looking upwards now and they will be hopeful with this draw — denmark are perhaps one of the most beatable sides in that top pot of teams, and austria will be the other side with hopes of qualifying that scotland will think they can beat. really tough draw for northern ireland who know they'll have to overcome italy and switzerland to get into the top two of their group. bulgaria and lithuania also won't be straight forward matches, and all this as they perhaps use this qualification campaign to rebuild as their star players approach retirement. they've had a disappointing 2020.

this was illegal in england at the time. they had gone to holland and things did not necessarily turn out the way they wanted in holland. they had been there for ten years and their congregation had grown under the guidance of john robinson, their pastor, but the pilgrims were forced to work low-end back-breaking jobs because they were foreigners and their health had suffered. they would work dawn until dusk six days a week, often with their children by their side. and a treaty with spain was about to go up and there was fear that war might come to holland. but their biggest concern was that their children were becoming dutch. despite the fact that they had left england, these people were fiercely proud of their english ancestry and they wanted to reconnect with it. but they couldn't go home. what to do? go to the new world. transplant the congregation wholesale to america where they could reconnect with their english english ancestry, but be free of king james and his bishops. sounds like a great concept. like many great co

hardly any areas of england in tier 2. the vast majority in tier3and england in tier 2. the vast majority in tier 3 and tier 4. and at the beginning of january, those in tier 3 and tier 4. and at the beginning ofjanuary, those delays to secondary schools, disruption again for millions of pupils. and there will be lots of parents looking at the exams in the summer in england and wondering whether there is need to change as well. vicki, thank you very much. now it is time for a look at the weather. we have seen quite a bit of sunshine, but northern scotland has had a lot of snowfalls. there will be plenty of sleet and snow over the next few days, combined with overnight ice. in the short—term, we have still got this cold pool of air across the country. this front is passing to the south of england and it should take any rain showers with it. then we focus in on this new front coming into northern scotland, bringing another round of rain, sleet and snow. some heavy snow in land, over the high ground. there will be further wintry showers around western coasts, central and

the nails have to be brought from new england. even so, to the local supply. >> this building is going forward here in the expanding settlement, nimble materials, domestic and foreign, to the purposes of a growing community, it is no longer merely a few dugouts and wigwam's, buildings have improved. what was an outpost of settlers has become an established village, new buildings, new people, new and increased activity, many other changes has brought a code of established law. as newcomers have established themselves in the village, older sellers have joined with them. here, susan's little boy was ill, the recent arrivals have prepared a kettle of soup. out of one of the new pairings from the settlement, they are giving a lesson in corn planting. he uses fish for fertilizer. now, he takes the carefully saved seed corn to place on top of the soil to cover the fish, then a little more soil is added . this is the planting the savages have taught us, and a good one. >> never have i seen such planting in england. >> many new ways were t

john robinson never made it to new england. he died in 1625 and his son came to the colony about six years later. and then to barnstable. he is most known for what he did in 1659. at that point they were beside themselves. they have sympathizers, especially in the town of s sanwich. they tried all sorts of measures to stamp out what they understood as rank haracy. they whipped, imprisoned, fined quakers. they banished missionaries. they found they could not legally pannish them and hope they could go away. they had to escort them to rhode island to get them to leave for awhile. they even authorized constables for the public display and humiliation of quakers. according to the boston minister, the governor of plymouth colony decided that when they removed their hats they would be doubly humiliated. but with the support, the magistrates tried a different idea. they authorized robinson and several other men to attend quaker meetings. and to try to then convince them of the error of their ways. unfortunately the plan backfired. rob

in england, those living in tea rful planned. in england, those living in tearful areas should not mix with anyone outside their own household at christmas. last night's announcement prompted a rush to london's stations — footage on social media shows large crowds trying to board trains. similar restrictions will follow in scotland. swathes of the country will be placed under the toughest restrictions from boxing day. it makes me want to cry, as i'm sure many of you listen and link to it will want to cry. i know how harsh this sounds. i know how unfair it is, but this virus is unfair. the netherlands bans passenger flights from the uk, as it detects its first case of the new covid variant surging through southern england. auk a uk government sources there will be no post brexit trade deal between the european union and the united kingdom unless there is a substantial shift from brussels over the next few days. hello and welcome to bbc news. millions of people in england and wales are waking up to new, tougher lockdown restricti

, northern ireland and scotla nd england, northern ireland and scotland and they‘ re england, northern ireland and scotland and they're likely to get particularly heavy on into the early hours of monday morning. good afternoon. millions of people are facing stricter covid restrictions as new rule changes have come into force across the uk. lockdowns have started in scotland and northern ireland. measures have also been reimposed in wales after being eased for christmas. around six million more residents in east and south—east england have gone into tierfour, england's highest level. meaning people are being asked to ‘stay at home'. only meet one person outside. and all non—essential retail to close. parts of central england have experienced the highest river levels for a decade causing widespread flooding as storm bella approaches the uk. more than 1000 people in bedfordshire have already been advised to evacuate their homes and the met office is warning of severe gales and more heavy rain to come. people have had had terrible time. we have had all the measures in place to protec

now, england are saying, we did try and play it, now, england are saying, we did try and clear it, but the practised dollar practice pitches we were given were not fit for purpose. south africa are desperate to prove they are not to blame for this series collapsing, they need these other countries to go there on tour. they are already going to lose about $a million as a result of this tour going down the pan, and they simply cannot afford for other countries not to come. tom curran is in that england squad and was due tojoin up with the sydney sixers for the big bash later this week in australia, but after spending the best part of six months playing in the tightest of restrictions with england, and also the indian premier league, he has opted to return home to be with his family. the sixers say, "the varying conditions we are asking our players to play cricket in worldwide is taking its toll and we understand tom's need for a break." and it's been confirmed that ‘breaking', a form of break dance, will be included in the olympic programme at the 202a olympic games in paris. it's part

further rain at times across england and wales. there will be some clear skies around, too, but it will be another mild one the further south you are. temperatures only dropping a few degrees from the day time values. northern england and northwards, though, and there is a chance of frost for some into tomorrow morning. this is the chart for wednesday. bringing that intensification of the rain is this area of low pressure. strong and gusty winds developing later on towards wales and the south—west, too. some of the heaviest rain may be in north—west wales and through that zone from wales, the midlands, towards east anglia. could see some rumbles of thunder with it. there will be sun, though, in the south where the skies could brighten at times. allowing temperatures up to around 13—14. but feeling increasingly chilly further north. scotland and northern ireland enjoying the rest of the weather. 0ne ireland enjoying the rest of the weather. one or two showers that are wintry over higher ground. colder airwill take wintry over

we know how it is going to affect south africa, but what about england? our cricket correspondent jonathan agnewjoins me now. how will this affect england in their upcoming plans? they are not happy at all. they believe there we re happy at all. they believe there were some bridges in the very strict particles that exist in these bubbles during the t20 series. bear in mind the two south african players tested positive before this series, but the latest player within that quarantine, in that bubble, and although they are in the same hotel, they are kept apart, but the fact that everyone has got to be retested, i' m that everyone has got to be retested, i'm hearing different things but i'm hearing from england the south africa's of intent to in which we —— the south africans are getting tested tonight. we should find out tomorrow. i would tested tonight. we should find out tomorrow. iwould imagine tested tonight. we should find out tomorrow. i would imagine only one more positive test for may south african player or the hotel staff there at the hotel, i

some joined them in england, but they were called strangers. most of the money for the voyage and the colony were flied by merchants in london that would have to be paid. many of the ships crew had already made voyages to america on other ships. this time they were headed for virginia where the separatists had obtained permission to settle. the captain of the mayflower, christopher jones, was an experienced sailor. concerned that the passengers might interfere with the running of his ship, he ordered the crew to make sure the passengers stayed off the deck. conditions below deck were frightful. passengers were crammed into gloomy surroundings without much light or air. over 30 of them were children. they passed away endless hours, sometimes by playing quiet games like cat's cradle. once a more serious game was played, trying to explode the ship's store of gunpowder. luckily that was stopped in time. there was very little for the children do on a long sea voi yang. most of the time life aboard the ship was sad and dreary. but mo for more than tw

for new england beginnings. this was a group coming together to make plans for the 400th anniversary of the settlement the plymouth. the goal was to educate americans about the cultures, plural, that shaped new england. we were and are determined to find ways to commemorate those cultures. european, native, african. rather than to follow tradition and merely celebrate one culture, that is the pilgrim fathers. to focus on education,-had unanticipated benefits. well more celebratory events that worked for large gatherings of tourists have proved impossible in this time of pandemic. many educational programs have been able to be held. the publication of books has continued on pace. and retro specs such as this one, and even conferences have gone online. our determination to focus on multiple cultures, with the result of a shift in historical understanding, that was given impetus at the time of the 350th anniversary of the settlement the plymouth. in preparation for that event, the commonwealth of massachusetts and

to new england. but they tend to settle there. the plymouth colony is a smaller enterprise. it is first, and i think that document, the compact is , responsive of things to come later. we should remember that. war, thingsk of the like that, there are different communities engaging the native americans and engaging themselves and the strangers among them in different ways. emily: in our closing section, would you like to comment on anything else we can learn as americans today from the mayflower compact that has perhaps has been overlooked? dr. morrison: well, if i'm going to go i will try to be brief. first, i have alluded to this constitutional legacy of the mayflower compact and i do not want to make too much of it but when we look even at the structure of this document, with a preamble, if you will, not exactly we the people but we the undersigned, and then a statement of purposes of their journey, and then the creation of that civil body politic, and then a kind of pledge at the end, a sort of pl

you paperwork will also be required taking goods from england, wales or scotla nd goods from england, wales or scotland to northern ireland. sarah's haulage company in northern ireland has already lost a customer because of complications. northern ireland has been left in a precarious, —— position. fourth ofjanuary to late, we have freight coming in from january the first or second or third. the memories of last week's cues to dover after the border with france was closed for 48 hours are still fresh. the government says they still do expect adjustment as they adjust to their new relationship and they say that hauliers without correct documentation will be stopped and have their good health. changes start tonight, a new yearand health. changes start tonight, a new year and a new way of trading lie ahead. caroline davies, bbc news. the next 12 months could be truly momentous for science, in particular, efforts to tackle climate change and new missions to mars and could a huge telescope provide insights into the origins of the universe? in our series of films previewing the coming y

the weather probably wasn't what she had anticipated when she came over to england. where do you think she is going to go when she goes back to america? 0h, who knows? the american league is absolutely impossible to predict. it would not surprise me if she tries to stay in orlando, just because it has been such a rough year, given the coronavirus pandemic and having a newborn, i think she will want some stability and just wanting to say in the same area for a while, which was another reason is perhaps why she has left after only a few months in england, she probably just wanted to a few months in england, she probablyjust wanted to get back and settle down a little bit. i don't think she will be looking to move too soon, but who knows of? mr, thank you so much for your time. time for some of the other sports news stories around today. owen farrell, maro itoje, billy and mako vunipola may not play a competitive league game for saracens before next year's six nations. that's after the announcement that the new rugby championship season won't start until march. saracens