the first reality is that north vietnam has attacked the independent nation of south vietnam. its object is total conquest. of course, some of the people of south vietnam are participating in attack on their own government. but trained men and supplies, orders and arms, flow in a constant stream from north to south. this support is the heartbeat of the war. and it is a war of unparalleled brutality. simple farmers are the targets of assassination and kidnapping. women and children are strangled in the night because their men are loyal to their government. and helpless villages are ravaged by sneak attacks, large-scale raids are conducted on towns and terror strikes in the heart of cities. the confused nature of this conflict cannot mask the fact, it is the new face of an old enemy. over this war and all asia is another reality. a deepening shadow of communist china. the rulers in hanoi are urged on by peking. this is a regime which has destroyed freedom in tibet, which has attacked india and has been condemned by the united nations for aggression in korea. it is a nation which

goldwater taunted johnson for not responding forcefully to vietnam kong in south vietnam. why aren't you doing more to defend our south vietnamese ally? in light of the fact that johnson killed goldwater in the greatest electoral triumph in history to that point, it seems ludicrous whether johnson doubted he would lose. but there were two pressing issues that caused him to feel he might lose. for one, there was a colossal scandal involving johnson's chief aide walter jenkins in ookt of 1964. jenkins was caught in the men's room of a ymca with another man in a sexual encounter. the scandal was splashed all over the newspapers. this was long before gay liberation. there's no "glee" in 1964. there's no "brokeback mountain" in 1964. it's a period of intense home phobia. it wasn't removed from the list of mental illnesses until 1973. that's obscene, but it's true. and if you look at the press at the time, not only do commentators just revile jenkins for his alleged perversion, but they go on and on about how he's a security list, how he's susceptible to blackmail. every story r

he could invade north vietnam. he could drop a hydrogen bomb on hanoi or drop hydrogen bombs on hanoi and hyfong so if he just order the sustainable bombing of north and kicked up the number of advisers in south vietnam to looked like a moderate. it was a political master stroke, temporarily very rewarding but it would have horrible costs in the long run. the tonkin gulf resolution has been condemned, rightly, rightly i think, as an absolutely inexcusable abuse of the public trust. the fact support president deliberately misled the congress in order to attain powers to wage war without a constitutionally required declaration of war. he lied to the american people, and he ultimately put american soldiers in harm's way in order to further his own crass political ends. this is one of those issues. i talked about how on the other hand was kind of going to be the theme of the class. this is one of the issues where there was no on the other hand. it was a rotten thing to do, an abuse of power and johnson should be jut fi

that honor goes to vietnam. we associate the term vietnamization with the process that richard nixon pursued to de-americanize the war, to wind down the american profile in vietnam and to turn over fighting to the south vietnamese forces. but this wasn't the only time that americans had looked to wind down the engagement in vietnam. president kennedy did so in the middle of his thousand days. in the summer of 1962 president john f. kennedy began planning to get american troops out of vietnam. drafts for such planning were produced in early 1963. they were debated and then refined that spring and into may and into june. and then they were presented to kennedy in the fall of 1963. and on october 2nd president kennedy was presented with a plan to get virtually all united states combat troops, they weren't combat troops at that time, they were military advisors. but u.s. soldiers out of vietnam by the end of 1965 and in an effort to kick start that process a thousand advisors were to be withdrawn by the end of 1963.

>> in vietnam. and i myself, i don't believe anyone should stay away from the service. >> a lot of guys don't come back, though. that is what worries me about it. it is not like you just can't get great training. >> canvassing helps to spread the word throughout the neighborhood about what we are and what we do and we meet much less opposition and hostility than we expected. but canvassing still didn't bring us enough contact so we developed techniques to approach guys reporting for their free induction physicals. >> for instance, the guys you come across on the bus, to get across the idea that you are standing up for something you believe in because otherwise -- you know, the stuff about helpful hints to deal with selective service. [laughter] it doesn't go over. >> that should be stricter. . >> and i think it went too far. i think maybe we can get somewhere now. >>>> if you want to argue, i don't think they are scared of jail, which is what you were trying to argue. when i speak to guys, what they

vietnam. the exhibit i think does a nice job of challenging visitors to try and understand the complexities of the decisions that lbj faced in connection with south east asia. the competing pressures that weighed on him either to slow down the pace of american escalation, or to escalate the war in very dramatic fashion. it helps visitors understand why he chose that distinctive middle course in vietnam and sort of, the ways in which this issue beset his presidency and ultimately really contributed to his undoing politically in 1968. let me take you upstairs to the top floor of the library where two of the most popular galleries are located. this is a recreation of the oval office as i'm sure you can tell. in its johnson era state. the story goes something like this, lbj really wanted a full-scale replica of the oval office in the johnson presidential library. and for some reason, the planners didn't include it. they thought it was going to be too big. it wasn't architectly possible. and lbj wa

martin luther king's speech "beyond vietnam." he gave this sech april 4, 1967, a year to the day before he was assassinated. he was speaking at riverside church in new york. >> these are revolutionary tion all over the globe, men are revolting against old systems of exploitation and oppression, and out of the wombs of a frail world new systems of justice and equality are being born. the shirtless and barefoot people of the land are rising up as never before. "the people who sat in darkness have seen a great light." we in the west must support these revolutions. it is a sad fact that, because of comfort, complacency, a morbid fear of communism, and our proneness to adjust to injustice, the western nations that initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world have now become the arch anti-revolutionaries. this has driven many to feel that only marxism has a revolutionary spirit. therefore, communism is a judgment against our failure to make democracy real and follow through on the revolutions that we initiated. our

vietnam. johnson is the first president most frequently associated with the vietnam war. there is a quote in 1967 and which johnson said to the reporter, this is not london johnson's war, this is america's war. by dropped at tomorrow, this war will still be here. and he was right when he was out of office the war continued. but the manner the war was fought and lost is described to johnson. vietnam is widely considered lyndon johnson's failure, betrayal etc, depending on your ideology. but there are two books in print right now by larry berman and george hiring, both entitled lyndon johnson's war, and both advance a compelling if sometimes contradictory reasons for the series of decisions made between 1964 and 1968 that led to the official justification of escalating the vietnam war. the top engulf incidents of 1964, the first landing of american combat groups to the base of denying in 1965. the drastically stepped up escalation of american forces until the total was greater than half 1 million man. the changeover from a military strategy of base security to enclave secur

is been a negotiator on the vietnam size. i don't know how to answer that question adequately but i can try to work with you and come up with some solutions. when you make everything contingent upon their the geopolitical interest. >> thank you. past 5:30 p.m. but i think i need to draw this to a close. i will turn it over to christian. >> let me remind you, we will see you again this wednesday, december 2 discuss will be university. the story of love, power. thanks to sarah, chris and eric are really terrific conversations. thanks to all of you, our audience watching participating. we are adjourned. be well. take care. ♪ >> you are watching book to be on c-span2. latest nonfiction books and authors. tv on c-span2. by america's to the cable television company. ♪ >> you watching book to be on c-span2. television for serious readers. here are programs to look out for tonight, investigative journalist, cheryl offensives offers her thoughts on censorship and journalism. whole foods market ceo, john mackey talks about his appr

we'll let you off if you agree to go to vietnam. >> in vietnam now or the service? >> in vietnam and i myself, i don't believe anyone should stay away from the service. >> a lot of guys don't come back, though. it is not like you just can't get great training. >> helping spread the word throughout the neighborhood about what we are and what we do. we meet less hostility than we expected. we developed techniques to approach reporting -- guys reporting for physicals. >> the guys you approach on the bus to get across the idea you are standing up for something you believe in because otherwise, i don't think -- the stuff about helpful ends to deal with selective service. and i think it went too far. i think maybe we can get somewhere now. >> if you are going to argue with these guys at all, you want to argue to where they are at. i don't think they are scared of jail as opposed to the army, which is what you were trying to argue in the last part. what guys are scared of is the reaction. they are scared the people they will hang with on the corner are going to think they

/vietnam leg of that the or underestimate the china/vietnam willing leg of that. so, philippe, i think you and i are kind of on the same page there. thanks for your question. >> okay. next question comes from walter north. the question is any ideas about how to help china improve its diplomatic listening skills? of. [laughter] >> great question. i just finished teaching my chinese foreign policy class, and in our last session we talked about the future of chinese foreign policy, what are the greatest challenges, and that was my conclusion, is china has to imp prove its listening skills -- improve its listening skills. you cannot be a major power and not get criticized. it comes from being a major power. the question is do you with take the it, reflect on it, engage the criticizer and maybe reflect on it and then recalibrate your policy, or do you have a tin ear and not listen? i argue, and i think it's china's greatest impediment, they live in a propaganda bubble, an echo chamber, and they have a strong sense of exceptionalism, and they are on autopilot. and they

in the 1990s and went to the vietnam wall . and as we stood there my brother to the names and finally he said oh my god. he was still alive when i put him on the chopper. and i wonder if that's a common experience. the other question is 10 years later, daniel ellsberg wrote secrets, his memoir of the vietnam war and the pentagon papers and i was serving as a journalist in washington at the time and i got it and when i started teaching at columbia i was just overwhelmed by the, by what you saying and doing and i said copy to my brother in california. and his wife erected in anger and sent it back and told me i had no business doing that. we still don't talk about this. all these years later. is this common? >> there's a lot there. let me start with the wall and let me say as i look at some of the attendees, there's some very special people who would like to say a word or two but. [inaudible] and as you describe that moment of encounter, of finding a name and that tragic realization that the person you once thought to be safe in

what remains bring americans missing home from the vietnam war. here's the book . to congratulations and welcome to the seminar. were fortunate to have him here today with cups. and welcome. and i direct the wilson center's history and public policy programming . and delighted to be cochairing the seminar as always . in georgetown washington university . who directs the national history center . today derek will introduce our speaker and moderate for the discussion partied any of you regular viewers now that the washington seminar is a collaborative decade-long effort of our to organizations . history and public policy program . in the center of the association. in private prior to the pandemic, we met a weekly basis the wilson center . and i were very pleased to come to you via zoom and facebook partied behind the scenes, or individuals who coproduce this event. rachel we sleep the national history center targeted even in this zoom only eric staging these events is labor-intensive. her giving to tomorrow coming up . we ask for your support freedom we think our ins

vietnam is a beautiful place. this was the major north-south highway in vietnam. there is a vietnamese hamlet by the road. probably farming rice patties. we would sometimes visit the artillery fire base. there was often an infantry unit. responsible for securing the firebase. artillery battery would have helicopter support. this photo shows a landing zone that has been chopped out of the jungle. the white items are the stumps of trees that were cut down. looks like there are three troopers interested in a ride back to their base camp. we might have three replacements on board. one of them is probably talking to the pilot on his backpack fm radio. that is the communication means in the field. most of our flight time our extractions or flying which is the. i will spend time talking about this emergency supply mission. it is an excellent example of cooperation and trust. this was likely the most dangerous flying. the advanced gallows humor this poster. it was partially related to the potential for being shot at. and the difficulty associated with flying at night. the

vietnam's largest general hospital located in hannoi saw a cluster of infections. deeply concerned about the situation, the vietnamese government lockeddown the entire hospital, it was an unprecedented step, a hospital which should have been playing a major role in tackling infections has been sealed off. >> translator: the order was ally sudden. all information, all contact, all supplies were cut off. it was total chaos. >> translator: we all decided to keep fighting for our patients. we are their last line of defense. they have nowhere else to go. >> what happened inside this megahospital as it was forced in to a sudden lockdown? for 15 days medical staff battled to keep their patients alive. hear their stories and follow their struggles from inside the lockdown. the hospital is in cent hanoi. it has 3,200 beds and sees around 5,000 out-paushts every day. it's a massive general hospital, with 24 separate clinical departments. established during french colonial rule in 1911, the hospital is over a century old. during the vietnam war, it saved the lives of many han

it's not just me saying that, people i know who fought in vietnam who served in vietnam: i asked him for the books i have to read in the war. when i was researching my biography, he said oh that is easy . choosing more and embers of war by the same guy, frederik logevall. so i knew you as a vietnam expert freedom and now i know you really is something broader as an american expert and someone who shares a lot of interest with me in american history and foreign policy. so is going to get to talk to you about your completely engrossing and source of bowling which is the word of the david kennedy used in the book review . new biography of jfk. of the "jfk". and so welcome fred into our audience and i guess the first question is inevitable but why another biography. it's been a major one but there are dozens already. it takes a little bit iia into those waters were so any other writers have gone. so why did you take this on. frederik: first of all george, it's tremendous to be with you. it occurred to me that in a way these books are kind of bookends here. mines just the beginning and yo

the quest for peace tonight continues in vietnam. and in the paris talks. i regret more than any of you know that it has not been possible to restore peace to south vietnam. the prospects, i think, for peace are better today than at any time since north vietnam began its invasion into its regular forces more than four years ago. [ applause ] and the free nations of asia know what they were not sure of at that time, that america cares about their freedom. and it also cares about america's own vital interest in asia and throughout the pacific. [ applause ] the north vietnamese know they cannot achieve their aggressive purposes by force. there may be hard fighting before a settlement is reached. but i can assure you it will yield no victory to the communist cause. i cannot speak to you tonight about vietnam without paying a very personal tribute to the men who have carried the battle out there for all of us. [ applause ] and i have been honored to be their commander in chief. [ applause ] the nation owes them its unstemming report while the battle continues an

he expressed hope the negotiations would result in peace and vietnam. our coverage of the 50 minute address comes from cbs news. [applause] [applause]kÑgf]%w [applause] my distinguished colleagues at the congress. i have the high privilege and the distinct honor not only officially but personally to me, of presenting to you the president of the united states. [applause] mister speaker. frank you very much. mister speaker, mister president. members of the congress and my fellow americans. for the sixth and the last time i present to the congress isis mint of the state of the union. i shall speak to you tonight, about challenge an opportunity. and about the commitments that all of us have made together, that will carry or if we carry them out give america our best chance to achieve the kind of a great society that we all want. every president lives not only with what is, but with what's has been. and what could be. most of the great events in his presidency are part of a larger sequence. extending back through several years, and extending back to several

vietnam is interesting. this is your asia and in my own view thailand is a stalemate between us and china and it has an alliance but you don't have to dig down very far because it's in the sense that we think of an alliance that in the wake of the 9/11 attacks the prime minister said take the alliance out and read it is there an article five clause does that mean we have to come to the assistance of the united states? he was nervous that was the case and took the documents that's automatic article five clause to help the united states and that was a great relief to him but i have a long section in the book really is the world's expert but the times, more than any's southeast asia and country have swung toward china across multiple sectors 40 percent of the population traces its ethnicity to trainees not just the diaspora situation, but the military is a classic example of a frequent coup they have had 18 since 1960 the last one was in 2014 that triggered but not all of the military interaction support they c

we lost 103,000 in vietnam. a higher number killed in action world war ii, but total wounded went over the head of this country and david writes about this very well where people live, the law enforcement, their relatives had gone to vietnam and they were doing this blue-collar work. there was this beginning of a polarization between different cultural groups in america that came out in more recent years about the movement away, we are to americas, we are like three americas -- if you own stock, if you and your friends have been able to go to good schools, good educational systems, then you are on the upswing. and if you are not there, you are down. if the democrats really want to help bring harmony, this is one of my concerns -- if you want to bring harmony to the country, you have to give validity to the white working people who have struggled just like a lot of people who are people of color. you can go to east kentucky or -- it's 94% white and you can go into areas of baltimore and they have a commonality in

i've had several visits to vietnam and had only i talk to the foreign minister and the students. it is complicated with centuries of the geography of nothing else it could be a different story but it is contiguous to china and they occupied vietnam first century and those invasions seceded and partially succeeded and failed this is a relationship that has a lot of baggage but again i don't think american policymakers should overestimate the us china events so to be on the same page thanks for your question. >> the next question comes from walter any idea about how to help china improve the diplomatic listening skills? [laughter] >> that's a great question teaching my chinese policy class in the last session we talked about that's where the greatest challenges in my conclusion is that china has to improve his listening skills you cannot be a major power and not be criticized it comes to being a major power so would you do with the criticism? do you take it? reflect? engage? reflect and then recalibrate your policy? what do you not listen? i argue i think is china's greatest impedi

in korea and vietnam, there was a careful use of force. defense intellectuals like doctors with a prescription respond with the right dose of violence to send the message you are trying to send. the disaster in vietnam proved a war is not that easy of a thing to manage. so, we have talked a lot about the myths of world war ii. a myth has a bad connotation in our culture. it implies the untrue. that is not necessarily the case. a myth usually has some truth, but it does reinforce solidarity and meaning. they served us well in world war ii. we live in a different world, more cynical about our politics. most people in 1940's america worshiped franklin d roosevelt. much more diverse society, and intellectual world that warns us there are no truths, just perceptions and mental constructions. war itself has changed. it does not lend itself to the big unit war. we quickly liberated iraq, but we ended up stuck there perhaps because we were attracted to the big one. paul wolfowitz claimed the lessons of world war ii were let go with the invasion of

you can see this in the vietnam age group, the vietnam war age group who was called to go and who was able to not have to go because of student deferments and these sorts of things and the marine corps, we lost 103 killed or wounded in vietnam. we lost more total casualties than world war ii, higher number of killed in action in world war ii but total killed -- it went right over the head of this country, the people who served, and david writes about this very well in "hard hat riot" about the communities where people live, where they were law enforcement and their relatives had gone to vietnam and they were doing this blue-collar work. there was this beginning of a sort of a polarization between different cultural groups in america that came out in more recent years. i was talking about it when i ran for the senate and when i was in the senate, about this -- the movement away -- aren't two americas. we're like three americas. if you have -- if you own stock, if you and your kids have been able to go to good schools and good educational systems, then you're on the upswing, and if you'

. >> the years of protest and dissent is a short vietnam war era u.s. film outlining specific laws limiting free speech, dissent, and political activity as military personnel. they outline specific punishments for advocating the overthrow of the u.s. government, disobeying orders, or encouraging desertion. ♪ >> historians of the future may very well refer to our present as the years of protest and dissent. certainly public demonstrations for and against every conceivable cause under the sun have become a feature of the american scene, whether this phenomenon is good or bad is not within the scope of this discussion. our purpose today is to review the legal restrictions on unbridled speech and protestations of dissent insofar as they apply to members of the military. there is no denying the fact a few members of the military establishment have been caught up in the fever of the times and have participated in public political demonstrations. they have become involved in the publication and distribution of so-called underground newspapers and they have s

but the ultraleft, actually in 1962 before there was a vietnam war and to green revolution et cetera et cetera with those traditional values were. the other part of that is if you look at the family and east arkansas three of seven siblings died of disease my mom's dad died of disease seven and she never got past the school there is a mission support was shared by white like with a hierarchy whites ofro. when my mom said sure so you 2 million white so there was a feeling among other cultural groups just on the going down hill of their future working in your is what is a resentment in word he looked at the democratic party in is age group and did not to go because as the marine corps we lost 103,000. tomorrow casualties for hire killed in action and to people who served and you write about this very well in our hearts riot one - - hardhat riot but in vietnam doing this blue-collar work there was a beginning of a polarization between those groups in america came out in more recent years i was talking about when i was in the senate with this movement we are not to americans, we are thre

there was war raging in southeast asia, laos and vietnam. there was a crisis in the international gold market. eisenhower had a really complicated world that he had to manage. additionally, he was starting to think about retirement, and it was with some trepidation. as much as he said, oh, i can't wait to retire, i mean, he's a driven, hard charing guy, and he wasn't quite sure what he was going to do with himself. he was arranging a nice retirement at gettysburg college, but he was starting to wonder how he was going to spend his time. he was starting to wonder about writing his memoirs. initially he wasn't going to, but he was so angry at kennedy's 1960's campaign he said i've got to write a memoir to explain my administration. so that was a major task he faced, and he also was very intent on giving a farewell address that would be remembered, and he drew from the farewell address that george washington had given, which summarized his career and his vision of the nation. so eisenhower actually started working on his farewell address in 195

vietnam, front lines of vietnam, retired navy chaplain, was in with the troops in vietnam, was in beirut in 1982 when they barracks were bombed. he was also at the dedication of the vietnam war memorial -- the wall, the memorial, 1982. that dedication. and belongs to a congregation in d.c., that prayer we just saw made national news because it invoked the hanukkah from a year ago, the end of december 2019, and this is right in heels of the terrible incident in new york, the stabbing in the synagogue. he incorporated that theme, that topic, into his prayer, as you saw and that was the first time that antisemitism was mentioned in a rabbi's prayer. domestic anti-semitism. one time is was mentioned in russian but the first item domestic anti-semitism was mentioned in prayer. it's important to note the prayers reflect moment in time when they're given so just by coincidence the timing that his prayer happened right after this, shortly after -- other anti-semitic incidents coincided with the prayer thy might have been mentioned but the only time that theme came out in a rabbi's prayer. >> are

newspapers and they have signed and circulated petitions denouncing their commander-in-chief's policies in vietnam. while in the selection, we realize it would be room most remarkable if this had not occurred because our armed forces are simply a cross-section of the american public with our fair share of the public's prejudices, passions, and predilections. the american serviceman is not as free to flaunt his disagreement with our country's political leaders. this does not mean the military man is a second-class citizens, but it does reflect our countries tradition of subordination in the military to its civilian leaders. history has recorded tragic consequences where the military after acquiring a taste for political influence eventually replaced the civilian government . partly to ensure this doesn't happen in the united states, there are a number of laws and regulations concerning the participation of military personnel in political activities on public demonstrations of dissent and protests. in order that no military member through misunderstanding or ignorance should find himself in violatio

with all the faults of the draft during the vietnam war it did lesson thehe class divid. those with no war since the civil war was greatly fought. and the draft for all of its faults cut into that chasm and some version of the draft of the compulsory service as long as it is universal would be good for american life. with more civic obligations we have with the more civic unity we can establish. >> i have more questions but have you reach the point to go to the audience? >> yes. that's a great point to move on we have a lot of questions. thank you so much for agreeing to stay a little longer. so now let's start with this question. >> so i just want to comment it is amazing to me whenever we talk about the trump republicans that there is just the total lack of truth and honesty and integrity that he purports to be something that makes a difference to this nation and the question i had at the moment as secretary of the navy if you were the secretary of defense and a cabinet member recognizing one hour ago that together he word vote yes with the departure of president trump

our first report, it's been 45 years since the vietnam war ended. thewo sid fghtac oth d soh, fomore thaten year a showdownetween world powe. cordinto the vernment abou 850,000 soldiers lost their lives and many have yet to be identified. last year the government recruited new technology to identify the unknown casualties and finally bring some closure to bereaved families. fpz. >> translator: he lives in a village in vietnam. his brother at the age of 18. he says that the authorities told him his brother was killed in 1972, but no remains have ever been returned. despite repeated requests for more information, the families do have no idea what happened to their loved one. >> it would mean so much to us to have my brother back in some way even just a small piece of bone would help. >> the former border between the two vietnams, he's helping locate h fallen cam rad. he serve d as medic during the war. he still remembers some bower y'all sites and is helping the military identifying the location. so far, he has contribute d to fighting more than 20 se

as florence louis reports any changes in leadership are more expected to change the direction of vietnam's policies. the vietnamese communist party congress is arguably the country's biggest political event held over 9 days and mostly behind closed doors delegates will elect 200 candidates into a central committee that committee will then vote in politburo members who intend nominate for top jobs including party chief the main candidates for the new positions are said to be widely known but in december the government imposed an official ban on such discussions to discourage potentially critical debate they're extraordinarily sensitive because this is a one party state where is the payback where is the firming abode of the people public opinion polls editorials in the newspapers even opposition they have and so extreme 'd party feels extremely sensitive rights groups say the government has intensified a crackdown on critics prior to the congress vietnam consistently ranks in the bottom 10 in the world press freedom index compiled by reporters without borders political watchers say they don'

second new year's, united states marine in vietnam. i was shot in the right shoulder and went through my right lung and paralyzed me. from my mid chest down, i've been paralyzed close down 52, 53 here's. i remember reading even after world war ii, and flutter political were not the past 18 months, as you said. i'm so grateful to be still alive and have lost many friends along the way. this is not an easy physical challenge to deal with. psychologically, emotionally, is a great challenge. >> maybe you can tell us about that, when you came back, the bronx va. >> they were later investigated by life magazine, they did a front page, front cover, it shook up the colby a. coming back from vietnam with the most catastrophic injuries you could imagine. paraplegics, quadriplegics, and men from the neck down. i'm sure many of you watching right now might have seen born on the fourth of july, all of that was true. that's how i began my life at the age of 21. i'm in this place, not only was i dealing with paralysis, the shock of having lost three

i loved it, told you, my dad was in vietnam, and he loved it as well. i just love that all these guys and girls have stories to tell, that fought in vietnam >> well, again, thank you for having me, today on mlk day. the black soldiers in vietnam did not know until two or three days later that dr. king had been assassinated. they learned through hanoi hannah, who was the voice of the viet cong. hanoi hannah told the black soldiers, why are you fighting for a country that does not love you why are you fighting for this country when your brothers and sisters are burning cities in america? and that's documented. april 4, 1968, i was 11 years old. 11 years old, sitting in my stoop, not porch, in brooklyn, stoops >> jimmy: that's right >> stoops. i hear a woman screaming as the voice gets closer, i recognize, it's my mother's voice. she's screaming, i swear, her grave, she's screaming, "they killed dr. king, they killed dr king, they killed dr. king." an argument can be made that dr king was assassinated not because of the civil rights movement but because he

vietnam's biggest political events the communist party needs to shape policy for the next 5 years will tell you. it's time for the perfect gentleman. with a sponsor point qatar airways. temporarily tempers are risen in much of the station fact they've risen enough to bring rain up through japan south korea there is snow to the north there is very cold air a long way to off in mongolia and i think i'll show itself it will run back in temperatures drop in beijing for example much of china is increasingly chad it is light right it is light rain for the most part makes it i think a bit miserable for many where the sun gives you a bit of pleasure during the winter the picture in beijing is fairly obvious that increasing wind brings in the real show with subzero for thursday and friday with quite a wind chill i think on thursday is self it's dry a long way sized to get to indonesia weather of course it is still rainy season there's still plenty of big showers but they're all that many north of borneo there are quite a few to the south particularly jaba and across to west papua the few shower

army is a very increasingly hostile environment in the south china sea vietnam and china are locked in a territorial dispute in the south china sea and have had several standoffs that the u.s. meanwhile has been seeking to counter the china's rising influence in the region party delegates will need to choose new leaders who can navigate those tensions along with the country's response to the coronavirus vietnam has been successful in containing it so far with strict quarantine and extensive testing and tracing but like the rest of the world its economy has suffered. growth has slowed to its lowest level in more than 30 years but is on track to recover and the party's new leaders will need to make sure that happens florence louis al-jazeera. this is al jazeera let's update your top stories so far today leaders from around the world are attending a virtual summit address climate change the meeting is hosted by the netherlands and is the 1st of its kind it aims to close a major funding gap to protect the most vulnerable in poorer nations if we fail to act climate change could push more th

kennedy's views on vietnam changed considerably. he went to vietnam when he was still a member of the house and early in the senate gave remarkable speeches in which he said a western power is not going to win in vietnam, it's not going to happen. so he was very critical of the eisenhower administration for having -- you know, embracing france. but then when the french left and the u.s. entered, both kennedy and eisenhower had reservations, but they sort of -- they inched the country in in small ways. eisenhower first with advisers and then kennedy more robustly. so i think that -- i don't think either of them would be particularly -- i don't think history looks upon their vietnam policies as particularly inspired during the sort of late '50s, early '60s. i think both kennedy and eisenhower were more skeptical when the french were there, but then dm was there and he was the american guy, they dropped skepticism and made some mistakes that were hugely consequential for the rest of the decade and beyond. [ inaudible question ] >> i've

vietnam. as in beirut in 1982 in the barracks were bombed. is also at the dedication of the vietnam war, the wall, the memorial for that dedication. he belongs to a congregation in d.c. giving the most number of prayers. that prayer we saw made national news because it invoked the hanukkah from yuriko, december 2019 and this is right at the heels of this terrible incident in new york, the stabbing in the synagogue. rabbi resnicoff incorporated at theme, the topic into his prayer as you saw and that was the first time and i bore the site in the research, the first on anti-semitism ever mentioned in a rabbis prayer, domestic anti-semitism at one time a prayer rabbi mentioned in russia. it's important to note these prayers again are reflecting the moment in time when they are given, so just by coincidence timing that rabbi resnicoff prayer happen right after this shortly like other anti-semitic instances coincide with the prayer might of been mentioned this was the only time that scene came out i