roosevelt had been worried. he asked for the third time for the papers and he went right to reading when he came out. the artists were sketching him. he never sit for. her she just had to catch him as he could to cook. says just as he went in the president says what it terrific headache he had and slumped over in his church. he never ate a simply but it never foul until the moment he died which was two hours later. that's the meriko part. the soufflÉ didn't fall for two hours because he had his cerebral hemorrhage at 1:12 and the soufflÉ was time to come out at 1:15. i have to say soufflÉ making is a strong concern of white house cooks. the white house cook for jfk, rene, had this strategy. jfk was chronically late. with the cooked it was he made for soufflÉs. and he timed them at 15 minute intervals. home made. so that jfk would arrive at time. those are the perils of making soufflÉ for our presidents. but daisy was very moved by the president's death. they had a very warm relationship and if you ever go t

he sent a message to roosevelt. roosevelt's 46th birthday. the message read as follows. you have made a very good start in life. your friends have great hopes for you. surely he sought attention. he always wanted to be the center of attention. he always wanted to be -- every riding, every funeral. here's the story anyway. the story is on one occasion, roosevelt came up to the front and said i had the most wonderful dream last week. i dreamed that i died and went to heaven. on the first night, a celestial crowd -- it was magnificent. there were thousands of crowns. thousand faces. and the friend said, what about the tenners, to which roosevelt replied, -- so you get the idea. >> what then was this progressive movement about under roosevelt? so let's look first its was domestic. the thing to remember as i talk about these different elements for this domestic program, the important thing to bear in mind is that they were path breaking. they constituted such a dramatic break h6ñwith the american pass. particularly in terms of government regulation. i really used to ask my s

roosevelt jr. it's about an hour and 45 minutes. >> when we looked at, what are the kind of things we want to do, how do we connect what's going on with the world today with what happened during the roosevelt era, the idea of talking to the grandchildren of the key players was one of the ideas that has been vital. how do we make the roosevelt legacy a living part of our history? now chris breiseth was the former ceo of the roosevelt newt for many years. he's been a great champion of the roosevelt legacy and a great champion of one of my favorite characters in the roosevelt legacy and francis perkins. i'll let chris introduce the rest of the panelists. i would like to say there's a small family, a committed family of roosevelters. i'm fairly new to it. i'm a newbie in this world. i've been welcomed very warmly and i appreciate that. but there are a few who have been more dedicated and thoughtful in their writings. please welcome chris breiseth. [ applause ] >> thank you. thank you, paul sparrow. we'

this is theodore roosevelt. roosevelt could not appreciate jokes told at his expense. roosevelt himself didn't tell jokes, but most presidents eventually would get to the point where they would learn to laugh when people made jokes about them because that was the easiest way of dealing with it. roosevelt had to train himself to do this. there was one moment when theodore roosevelt considered his most important accomplishment is president to be getting the panama canal under construction. this was his contribution to world history, he said. to get it going, roosevelt had to foment a revolution in panama, to break panama free of columbia. under international law, or even ordinary codes of ethics, it was highly problematic. roosevelt convened a cabinet session to basically convince everybody in the cabinet that he had done the right thing. after he gave this long explanation as to why it had to be done, is attorney general stood up and said mister president, really? you should not let such a great accomplishment as this be tainted by any with of legality. roosevelt didn't

he has a couple of chapters on roosevelt at the beginning and then a chapter on each of roosevelt's key subordinates in managing the war george marshall for instance. and of course there is a chapter on macarthur and i think it's a very valuable read because he gives i think a pretty accurate assessment of macarthur's role during the second world war. then there's david halberstam the coldest winter america and the korean war published in 2007. that's also i think important because it shows in great detail macarthur's role in that particular conflict. so there are some bibliography some sources that you can look at if you're interested in. for the readings about macarthur now, let me turn to his early life. douglas macarthur was born january 26 1880 in little rock, alabama, little rock, arkansas. excuse me. his father was arthur mcgraw macarthur a regular army officer who had fought in the american civil war won the medal of honor at missionary ridge during the chattanooga campaign, and he would rise up in rank and be one of the senior generals in the united states army at the turn of t

okay, president franklin roosevelt. you are famed for your incredible and informative radio broadcast to the american public. what was the goal behind your implementing these incredible and very unforgettable fireside chats? well in the beginning our first fireside chat occurred eight days into my first turn and the united states. facing economic collapse the banking system at all but failed. and so we put through a series of reforms with the congress to put banks on a holiday the shut them down for a few days why they were able to reorganize. and then to eventually add what is now known as fdic federal deposit insurance corporation to guarantee those. i thought it was important that the american public should know what was going on. and so i went on the radio on march 12th. ten o'clock eastern time on nbc and i started by saying. my friends tonight i wish to speak to you about banking. the next 17 minutes i spoke about how our banks worked. why people needed to keep their money in the banks? and apparently the speech w

one room for each of roosevelts for terms. its location next to the tidal basin signified the importance of water in a road of -- roosevelts life. as a man stricken with polio as an adult, roosevelt spent much of his life in the soothing waters of springs and baths to ease his pain. the martin luther king junior memorial dedicated in 2011 sits on the northwest corner of the tidal basin. its location was specifically designed among the cherry trees, which are generally and bloom each year on the anniversary of dr. king's death. memorial design is drawn from a passage of his i have a dream speech, in which he says, out of the mountain of despair, a stone of hope. dr. king himself is depicted as that stone of hope emerging from the mountain of despair, which sits behind him at the memorial at the base of that are a number of quotations from his famous speeches, sermons and writings. of t one of the most famous or perhaps infamous incidents in the history of title basins involved u.s. congressman mills, chairman of the house ways

biden is facing a roosevelt moment. what did you mean? guest: i think the last 40, 50 years, the nation, the country has been defined by reaganomics. a consensus that is what is most critical is to reduce deficit, not to create jobs, and not to rebuild our country, which has a d-from the society of engineers in terms of infrastructure. biden is showing he may not just be a transitional president but a transformer -- transformational president, pushed to reinvest, rebuild, rebuild a country that has been starved of public investment over the last 40 years by a failed conservative -- also democrats participated in a consensus that we do not need to invest in our country. i do nothing this is a left-right issue. i think this is about rebuilding a nation starved for investment, meaning good jobs. a caricom me, which would help not only women and children but an older generation, and that is part of this investment plan. it is not simply a roosevelt moment but it is a moment when an understanding and an activist government can be a force for g

in 1937, the art gave roosevelt -- the court gave roosevelt a key victory. by a vote of 5-4, they took the view congress had the power to regulate labor relations. justice roberts was considered to have provided the swing vote. that case was soon seen as standing for a major change in the court's general jurisprudential approach. instead of finding economic reform legislation unconstitutional, it would deter brent -- would interpret the constitution as granting the government far more constitutional leeway to enact legislation. this shift in the jurisprudence, the end of the walker era, coupled with one justice's retirement at the end of 1937, put an end to roosevelt's judicial reform bill. it no longer seemed necessary. scholars disagree as to what caused the justices to change course. was it a switching time? was it calculated to avoid roosevelt's court packing plan? or was it simply the coming to fruition of an internal, long-standing jurisprudential debate among the justices, a debate that originated and continued long before the court packing threat? ma

right um president franklin roosevelt is a hero to many americans. i'll even cop to that myself and he certainly plays a role in our museum's narrative of world war ii is precisely for you know, the great things. he did as a wartime leader. can you describe the roosevelt's thought processes leading to the roundup of japanese american citizens made perhaps this isn't as finest hour. i wonder what your thoughts are on that. well, you know, it wasn't like roosevelt did that all by himself and is as you saw in the film there was a lot of propaganda even dr. seuss did a lot of propaganda against asian americans japanese americans in particular. there was a huge economic issue at stake here. i mean, my grandparents owned 14.25 acres or owned 14.25 acres in san jose and they were very successful farmers like other japanese americans, so there was a lot of competition from the food food growers associations and other economic interests. also the media is you know today plays a big role in terms of creating false narratives and the news had a lot to do with i

roosevelt jr. it's about an hour and 45 minutes. >> when we looked at, what are the kind of things we want to do, how do we connect what's going on with the world today with what happened during the roosevelt era, the idea of talking to the grandchildren of the key players was one of the ideas that has been vital. how do we make the roosevelt legacy a living part of our history? now chris breiseth was the former ceo of the roosevelt newt for many years. he's been a great champion of the roosevelt legacy and a great champion of one of my favorite characters in the roosevelt legacy and francis perkins. i'll let chris introduce the rest of the panelists. i would like to say there's a small family, a committed family of roosevelters. i'm fairly

then in 1937, the court gave roosevelt a key victory. by a vote of 5-4 he took view that congress did have the power to regulate labor relations justice roberts was considered to provided the key swing vote. that case jones and laughlin steelere versus national seen as standing for major change in the court'sing general prudential approach instead of finding economic reform legislation unconstitutional which it done during the era it would interpret constitution as graduating the government far more constitutional leeway to enact economic and social legislation. this shift in jurors -- functional in the theory coupled with justice retirement at the end of 1937 put an end to roosevelt judicial reform bill no more court packing no longer seemed neglection. now, scholars disagree as just what caused the justices to change course. was it, oh some cl in time? that saved -- was it calculated avoid the the court packing plan or internal long standing prudential debate that originated continued long before appearance of the court packing threat?

roosevelt. but this roosevelt is theodore roosevelt. the occasion has good will of all the voyage of 1910. hair of persevered the personalities of the night of got in the nation. she and the councils that have shaped the modern world. leaders like wilson will be inches of students from all countries, as long as history is written and read. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> but the library of congress is more than mere treasure. and recognizing the fact that the use of the books is more important in the position, and has since applied every facility that might east the task to the trained researcher, or the ordinary reader. key to the entire system is the main catalog, a complete detailed listing of the millions of books. hey walk in these trays there are over 16 million signpost to help the reader look fine when he's looking for. in recent years they've been many visitors from other countries, where the right to read has been denied to men because of their religion, or their race to. and in these files, they've been able to find the books that have been b

he was very much a product of the new deal and was a protÉgÉ in many respects of franklin roosevelt's, who saw the great potential in young lyndon johnson. so when johnson became president it was his hope that he would finish the new deal, he would finish with his great society what president roosevelt started with the new deal. and one of the things that fdr left unaddressed in his presidency was civil rights. i think ultimately president johnson will be remembered as the civil rights president for having signed into law the civil rights act of 1964 which broke the back of jim crow in our separate but equal laws throughout the south. the voting rights act of 1965 which gave all americans unimpeded access to the ballot box and the fair housing act of 1968, which allowed for fair housing for all americans. that's a triumvirate of civil rights legislation, and i think it's the principal legacy of lyndon johnson. >> here's a look at our live coverage today. >> the mayor of long beach, california, told house lawmakers about the facilities housing migrant children in his city and immigrati

when our democracy was tested franklin roosevelt reminded us in america we do our part we all do our part that's all i'm asking. it to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and to all of you around the world welcome we begin the day reading president joe biden last night the u.s. president delivered his 1st address before a joint session of congress instead of a packed house pandemic restrictions meant the president had a captive audience of only 200 people and yet the moment retained that a mistake a bill or of a right of passage for new presidents biden's task last night convince congress and the country that his unprecedented legislative plans totaling 6 trillion dollars are worth every penny biden one of the most experienced new presidents in u.s. history relied on a familiar construct to execute his argument america's success in the 21st century as it had been in the 20th depends according to biden on an unwavering commitment to defeating freedom's nemesis in 1951 or 1981 that would have been the soviet union in 2021 red is still the color but the challenger has changed to

roosevelt. but this roosevelt is theodore roosevelt and the occasion his goodwill voyage in 1910. here are preserved the personalities of the men who guided the destiny of the nation and those who represented the united states and shaped the con sell of the united states. they'll be of interest to our country as long as history is written and read. ♪♪ >> but the library of congress is more than a mere treasure house. recognizing the fact that the use of the books is more important than the possession of them, it is sought to provide every facility that might ease the task of the trained researcher or the ordinary reader. key to the entire system is the main catalog. a complete detailed listing of the millions of books. in these trays there are over 16 million sign posts to help the reader find exactly what he's looking for. ♪♪ >> in recent years there have been many visitors from countries where the right to read has been denied by men because of their politics, their religion and in their race. and in these files they've been able to find the books that tyrants have tried

all along the 700 mile route, people gathered to honor president roosevelt and his ideals. >> follow us on social media at --@cspanhistory. >> since 2011 we have been to more than 200 committees across the nation. like many americans our staff is staying close to home due to the virus. next, a look at one of our cities to her visits. ♪ >> the black hills of south dakota are very sacred areas as a whole. >> in the black hills i believe at one time or another there is a piece of the rest of the world somewhere. >> we are in the epicenter of, sometimes testy relations between a native and non-native inhabitants. >> stretching about 110 miles long and 70 miles wide, the black hills of south dakota rise up from the planes adjust to the west of rapid city. >> the black hills are very important to the native american committee. it is referred to as the heart. >> it is because of the rich greenness, the kind trees and elevations we have that surround all of that. >> picking up where rapid city is at, we are positioned at the gateway to the black hills. it is how we have always built oursel

when our democracy was tested franklin roosevelt reminded us in america we do our part we all do our part that's all i'm asking. it to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and to all of you around the world welcome we begin the day reading president joe biden last night the u.s. president delivered his 1st address before a joint session of congress instead of a packed house pandemic restrictions meant the president had a captive audience of only 200 people and yet the moment retained that a mistake a bill or of a right of passage for new presidents biden's task last night convince congress and the country that his unprecedented legislative plans totaling 6 trillion dollars are worth every penny biden one of the most experienced new presidents in u.s. history relied on a familiar construct to execute his argument america's success in the 21st century as it had been in the 20th depends according to biden on an unwavering commitment to defeating freedom's nemesis in 1951 or 1981 that would have been the soviet union in 2021 red is still the color but the challenger has changed to

but teddy roosevelt finalized it with a vengeance. narrator: roosevelt worked to get forest reserves out of the general land office and under the supervision of gifford pinchot. >> gifford pinchot hated the general land office and the interior apartment and thought they were in bed with every scoundrel in the country. and in many respects, he was right. narrator: gifford pinchot organized an american force congress in january, 1905. -- american forced congress in general, 1905. it provided political backing for a lot transferring forest reserves to the agriculture department. the bureau of forestry became that united states forest service. the forest reserves were renamed, the national forests. >> the name change from the forest reserves of the late 19th century, to the national forests of the 20th century, is symbolically important. reserve means withdrawn. but pinchot's interested in the word national, nationally owned, nationally controlled, nationally regulated. that reinforces the notion of a forest service. it's mission was to s

i talked about president teddy roosevelt. when i mention security, you don't remember, read history book, president eisenhower when he was president, he put forth another transformational large infrastructure initiative called the interstate highway system, and he based it on the national security of our country. so that we would be united as a country, and that is a security issue. al gore's father, then senator from tennessee, had initiated that legislation. it was bipartisan. at that time. we are very excited about what he did. we had a bipartisan call yesterday with the administration. it is good that we are talking about it. at the same time, we are still very much insistent that everyone understand what is in the rescue package and how they can readily avail themselves of the benefits. sometimes people just don't know if they qualify for a low income tax credit or a child tax credit that is refundable. so next week, we are having a teaching. members have had great opportunities in their districts already to do some kind

my friend bought that painting from roosevelt. and then it went down to his family, and it was a wonderful painting. quite often, me and my sister have put on shows of churchill paintings. we have had that painting in quite a few shows in washington, new york, various places. so it has been well viewed by the world. and i suppose it's having a happy time now. >> and it's interesting, because the painting he gave to truman was actually a copy of his own copy, in your grandfathers hand, a demeanor, of the painting he gave to fdr. i know you grew up with that painting, didn't you, clifton? >> i did. let me start by taking you up and turning this. they're on the wall of my mantle is the second marrakech. that is a copy of the painting that sir winston gave to my grandfather. my mother sold the painting more than a decade ago in new york at sotheby's. when they sell something, they paint you a copy. so i have the black and a half version on my wall. the original did not sell for 11 million. my wife is very upset. when she heard, she sa

eleanor roosevelt. isn't that wonderful? to be so proud of. the first lady in the -- to come to testify before congress. thank you all. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2021] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> now we'll hear from house minority leader kevin mccarthy who spoke

he gave it to roosevelt who i believe gave it to his son. and it went down in various places, and then my friend norman hickman who lived in new york, he bought that painting from roosevelt. and then it went down through his family. but it was a wonderful painting. and quite often, i've been involved in -- with my sister in putting on shows of churchill paintings and we've had that painting in quite a few shows, including washington and in new york and various places. so it's well-viewed by the world. i suppose it's having a happy time now. >> it's interesting because the painting he gave to harry truman was actually a copy of the painting he gave to fdr. i know you grew up with that painting, didn't you, clifton? >> i did. i'm going to take you guys up and turn this. there on the wall over my mantle is the second marrakesh, that is a copy, that is a copy of the painting that sir winston gave to my grandfather. my mother sold the painting more than a decade ago in new york, at sogt he sothebys sell something like that, they give you a copy.

when our democracy was tested franklin roosevelt reminded us in america we do our part we all do our part that's all i'm asking. and to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and to all of you around the world welcome we begin the day reading president joe biden last night the u.s. president delivered his 1st address before a joint session of congress instead of a packed house pandemic restrictions meant the president had a captive audience of only 200 people and yet the moment retained that a mistake a bill or of a right of passage for new presidents biden's task last night convince congress and the country that his unprecedented legislative plans totaling 6 trillion dollars are worth every penny biden one of the most experienced new presidents in u.s. history relied on a familiar construct to execute his argument america's success in the 21st century as it had been in the 20th depends according to biden on an unwavering commitment to defeating freedom's nemesis in 1951 or 1981 that would have been the soviet union in 2021 red is still the color but the challenger has changed to

so you can see here all three of those portraits completed by schumatof the portrait of roosevelt seen on the left was painted from her memory, which is incredibly impressive and the paintings of the johnsons were completed through in-person sittings at the white house and at their ranch in texas next slide. now greta kempton whose photograph you saw earlier was born in austria in 1903 and she began painting at a young age as so many women painters that i'll talk about today did. after she moved to the united states in the 1920s kempton became an art student in new york. and soon after she made a name for herself by painting the portraits of several prominent individuals including the trumans. so in 1947 president harry s truman commissioned his presidential portrait from kempton and for the rest of her career, she served as sort of a court painter creating paintings and portraits for harry truman best truman and their daughter margaret. she even turned down offers to paint other us presidents out of loyalty to the truman family in particular kemptons likeness of truman, which you can

it's a legacy that biden seems comfortable leaning on but a democracy was tested franklin roosevelt reminded us in america we do our part we all do our part. that's all i'm asking. to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and to all of you around the world welcome we begin the day reading president joe biden last night the u.s. president delivered his 1st address before a joint session of congress instead of a packed house pandemic restrictions meant the president had a captive audience of only 200 people and yet the moment retained that a mistake a bill or of a right of passage for new presidents biden's task last night convince congress and the country that his unprecedented legislative plans totaling 6 trillion dollars are worth every penny biden one of the most experienced new presidents in u.s. history relied on a familiar construct to execute his argument america's success in the 21st century as it had been in the 20th depends according to biden on an unwavering commitment to defeating freedom's nemesis in 1951 or 1981 that would have been the soviet union in 2021 red is

so as he comes to roosevelt, which is just a little bit outside of our battlefield. he's actually going to stage there and he's going to build camp deposit as he does that he sends some volunteers out and these volunteers come to about this area where we're at right now our fallen timbers battlefield as they do that. they're actually captured they bring them back to their village and they find out what anthony wayne's battle plans are so is anthony wayne marches? he's marching with a line. that's about two to four miles long. as he marches from roosevelt, he's actually going to come to this area of the fallen timbers as he does that he's going to start to meet native american resistance. so he's going to send out an advanced guard they're going to start to engage in the firefight that will eventually lead to the larger battle. so as it starts to take place the native americans are actually engaging in advanced scout group giving enough time to the main body of the legion of the united states to deploy which allows them to set up sustained firepower, which will eventu

and at that time, he only met privately with roosevelt weiss. so, he really is in the dark about a lot of things and not only that, it's important to remember that it is harry truman's first real exposure on the world stage. this is his first opportunity to be seen, not just by world leaders by the world itself. and it's a striking contrast because fdr and winston churchill, to some degree are cut from the same cloth. they both came from a similar kind of, you know, worldview, perspective, whatever you want to call it. i think fdr was a man that churchill could just relate to through some commonalities. harry truman was someone, i don't think churchill was expecting much of. i think he kind of looked down his nose a little bit, to be honest with you and even said so later. i think it took him some time but i see got to know truman, especially there initially, i think he recognized that though this guy is up to the task. the big question for truman would become president, everybody in the states would, say can he swing the job? and i think winsto

i think he was that he had known roosevelt -- i think he was -- he had known roosevelt very well. truman was a man from the middle west churchill did not know much about. i don't think churchill had high expectations for harry truman until truman started to speak, and then churchill realized truman was the right man for the right job. they really forged the relationship, in some ways, on the train ride from washington to missouri on march 4, 1946, on the way to the iron curtain speech. the overnight train, there was a little bit of poker diplomacy. the two men played cards and churchill shared early drafts of the iron curtain speech with harry truman, who approved and said, i think this is going to create quite a stir, but i think you are onto something here, truman said to churchill. of course, after the speech, truman distanced himself, uncharacteristically for truman. he said, "i had not seen the speech. " eleanor roosevelt did not approve of the speech. she thought it a threat to the alliance her husband and churchill had started. so truman somewhat distanced himself immediate

roosevelt believed coming as surgeon general and appointed somebody else. the longtime public health officers. the essence of fdr's new deal resonated with has considerably broader view of public health. during the roosevelt administration, 55 acres became the new home of whatever regionally had been the hygienics laboratory. >> the national institute of health 16 universal language of humanitarianism. and 90 >> in 1930, the laboratories name had been changed to the national institute of health. the move prepared the nih for its period of rapid growth in the post war years. 1941 saw the country's entry into world war ii public health service officers served in several different branches of the armed forces. many were signed to the coast guard and did everything from making see bourne households while on convoy patrol supporting amphibious landings perhaps one of the most fundamental changes brought about by the war was in nursing. the strain of the war on how countries health care system made it clear that something had to be done to increase the supply of

franklin roosevelt knew that if he wanted to actually turn american public opinion into supporting the war and even more so in supporting our soviet allies during the war he was going to need to use it would. lead a lot of we're just going to davis cup one of the classes. for soundly. door. it is. glorious genius and you feel it. and. i think. sometimes the officer for information commission how they would musical comedies like this is the army which were intended to increase the prestige of military service and raise the morale of soldiers fighting overseas one of the roles in that film was played by a young actor named ronald reagan the future president of the united states. i've missed you too plenty. to explain. that there were other orders that weren't so benevolent in 1902 after pearl harbor president roosevelt ordered the forced relocation of 120000 japanese people from the west coast of the united states is hard to believe but in those years japanese americans were simply put in buses and sent to specially created internment camps in the u.s. territory the office of for informa

roast >> roosevelt had long been in conservation issues. so, when he comes into office, he was as if god had sent nana. >> how many chiefs of agencies are close friends with the president of united states. that help them enormously. he spoke in his own name to be sure on the one hand of everyone who stood behind them. >> although both men were born into wealth, they distrusted the business tycoons who rate for an enormous process -- profits. >> conservation was well advanced for the time teddy roosevelt had become president of the united states. he finalized it with a vengeance. >> roosevelt worked to get the force reserves out of the general land office and into the supervision of clifford. >> he hated the general land office pretty hated the interior department. he thought they were in bed with every scoundrel the company. and the many respect, he was right. >> he organized a congress in january of 1905. it provided political backing for a law answering the force reserves to the agricultural department. the bureau of fore street became th

centennial of the original infrastructure plan, teddy roosevelt put forth his infrastructure plan. it was called the national park service. again, thinking big, transformational, making a difference for our country. in this century, president biden is undertaking something in the tradition of thinking big, transformational, and creating jobs for america. it is quite remarkable a conference of nature of what he put forward. we can talk about that and its specifics as rico along. i'm very half easy to see that if the build infrastructure, we also recognizing the need for human infrastructure to re-enhance. where is workforce development, or recognizing that for anyone to be taken along this path, it is quite a remarkable and comprehensive plan. when it comes to infrastructure, i always say to our chairman, when the committees of jurisdiction, transportation, and infrastructure hobart ryan on you. it's about the domes that -- we need people to be ready for them and that is was his package that the president for the. investing in areas of infrastructure, whether we are talking about th

order to defend the constitution against roosevelt's new populist incursions. roosevelt endorsed new progressive mechanisms like the popular initiative, the referendum, and the judicial recall of unpopular decisions. roosevelt attacked individual judges by name and demanded that the people overturned their decisions. in the constitution center in philadelphia, in the majestic temple to the constitution overlooking independence hall, there is a quotation in the lobby saying the people themselves are the maker of the constitution. it's an inspiring quote until you read the next sentence which was left off the wall, which says and when they disagree with the judicial decisions, you should be able to overturn them by popular vote. it's an appalling expression of populist enthusiasm, and i call to you, and to our dear c-span viewers, to send me alternatives to this excursion, this excess of populism so we can replace it with a quotation from madison or the other framers, expressing a devotion to reason, rather than passion. taft runs for president because he rejects

if franklin roosevelt -- there were people who could not say his name. they referred to him as that man. 40% of the country never voted for franklin roosevelt. you gave a very generous spirited evaluation of the new deal. but in many ways, the right wing in the country is still living in reaction to this redefinition of the relationship between the state and the individual that unfolded amid the crisis of the 1930s. the other thing about president johnson of course is, yes, niall is right that 61% of the country voted for johnson in 1964, but a thousand days later, in 1966, the republicans had a remarkably successful midterm and ronald reagan becomes governor of california. so these moments of consensus are vanishingly rare and therefore, any president, any congress, has to take full advantage of them when he or she can. and i think that is what the president is doing. >> stay with us. we are going to have to continue this fascinating conversation. i'm going to ask niall ferguson in particular whether this new infrastructure bill could trigger runaway in

he loved franklin roosevelt, hated harry truman. and when the reporter asked him why, he says, well, harry truman means what he's saying, to belie that on the crutches of race, roosevelt did. all of us knew about roosevelt. i'm old enough to remember all this stuff. that's what started me to studying this stuff. and so i tell people all the time, i don't want it to be new. i want it to be fair. new deal was not fair. harry truman put in the fair deal. he proposed three civil rights bills that roosevelt refused to propose. so what i want to do is i've said to joe biden, he's doing a great job. i think that he is putting us to where we need to be. i think if he continues on this course, it will go down in history as great a president at truman. >> thank you for being with you, congressman jim clyburn coming up, republicans are singing the praises of florida governor ron desantis as a kinder, gentler donald trump. i'll tell you why the second verse is just the same as the first. >>> but first, my colleague richard lui with today's top