at the same token, almost all americans have been to our capitol city, americans love the capitol city. it is spacious boulevard stand memorials and monuments, the majestic government buildings, the tree-lined mall, very few americans know the story about the capitol city of how it came to be an almost didn't come to be and that's why were here today to talk about it. so, our story begins the backdrop for our story begins in newburgh, new york. and this is along the edge of the hudson and at the end of the revolutionary war. not too far today from fdr's high court, and was quite if anybody has been there. so for many battles, the revolutionary war is the battle of yorktown which is september and october of 1781. after yorktown, that would be the last major battle of the war, and after yorktown, for about two years there was what we could call the cold war. the british hunkered down in new york city, george washington and the americans went up the river to newburgh as you see right here in my side and for almost two years, they hunkered down there in this cold war. it would be washingto

by the same token almost all americans have been to our capitol city, americans love their capitol city, it's spacious, grand blvd. with memorials and monuments, majestic government buildings, trees lines for very few americans know the story of half the capitol city came to be and almost didn't come to be and that's why we are here today to talk about it. our story begins the backdrop begins in newburgh, new york. this is among the edge of the hudson at the end of the revolutionary war not too far today from fdr's park so the main battle of the revolutionary war was the battle of yorktown september and october, 1781. that would be the last major battle of the war. for about two years, there was what we could call the cold war, the british hunkered down in new york city, george washington and the americans went up the river to newburgh as you see here and for almost two years they hunkered down there, it would be washington's longest headquarters but a new type of challenge emerged. that was the challenge, without fighting the army had not been paid, they were hungry, cold winter after

in the constitution over the debate of the capitol city article i section 8 the capitol city should be 10 miles square. it's 100 miles and what it means is this capitol city almost laughable. this capital city will be larger than paris london and the great capitals of the world yet it would be built out of bonds and woods. the question would remain however where width is 10 miles square b.? next slide. the initial argument was new york city would serve as our enter him -- enter him. he's late and it's not until april 301789 and this is washington who arrives later yet. basically was to getting dressed. washington isn't not graded in new york city in april of 1789. new york city at the federal hall and you can see the picture of it here and on the right is ask at home on cherry street, his residence. new york city would be an interim capital. no one seemed happy with new york city. new york city was slow to ratify the constitution and this is why hamilton and madison wrote the federalist papers and didn't know if new york city would even ratify. will i go to new york city for minot grow

i think what he did do is forge this capitol city. for the life of me if washington was not in the equation we don't have that strong, grand, glorious capitol. the problems i discussed earlier about whether the government would long endure i think would be rethought would be totally different.. of course there's consideration what we should in the capitol city. everybody knew. one of the idea was washington opelousas. iin am just a nerdy enough to say it scary that part me thanks it's funny and interesting. thankfully they dropped the opelousas. [laughter] washington does not live to see his beloved capitol open he dies for the capitol city finally opens on november 1, 1801 years later when john adams moves in. it was of the city we know today, everybody. a couple of buildings, fields of mud because they cut everything down. adams was disgusted and abigail even more so by the presence of slaves building our city which is quite ironic. because we did not have the money we would have to rely on slave labor. one interesting story i flush

city building a capitol city in this receipt him, his political stock. puts on the table. he uses his gifts, he is a visionary and looking at awa brand-new form of a capitol. so the backdrop to the story the capitol really you can i see it after the war. and now what we want it and know what greatness headlines in newspapers and stories and in the writer said things like how we really thought for this. we don't have a functioning government. you have articles of confederation which went from 772-1781 to even get ratified rated one branch of government, is holy and.. effective. and the british we think the british out but when they left they took the positions and their money and their lawyers and the educated. when we have left, we could not pay our ventures. we could not be the standing army are paid back are asked to europe and the states were bickering. now what. some some wayss it was probably easier to win a war with the ability to govern than to actually govern predict where the rubber meets the road with a new challenge. in washington had said tha

we all know our capitol city. we love the tree lines mall, the smithsonians and i love all the monumentses and touching memorials to the fallen and ma psychiatrist ick building but few people know the story behind the capital city. why it is leak indicate weed it is these, sign and, a czech tour and all the political twists and turn chases heck of a story so i wanted to tell that. the second reason i wrote the book ties no david's work here and that was i've always seen washington as the least accessible of all the framers, owl the great founders. he has come across to us as more monuments than man, myth more than flesh and blood and i heards beaut them canceling the image gauges because weed in to breathemer life into washington and in particular -- again here i overlatch with david and agree complete live with the argument. i've always seen washington as more plated political than we see the anywhere tv or the pop culture depiction of him. washington has political talents. washington could re-invent himself poli

we are going to create a brand-new capitol and they are going to grow up together and the capitol city will influence the development ofat this new nation which i think is an extraordinary way of thinking about it and again i'm surprised it was washington it wasn't a ben franklin or john adams. so they would grow up together and shape the development of it in washington plays a critical role in all of this. he helps select the site for the capitol will be. from self interest perspective it happens to be near land he owns, here mount vernon and near his beloved potomac. there's something of a joke, i found countless letters, some other founders has had washington had potomac fever, obsessed with them which he had canoed and surveyed and charted in all of that, he knew and loved it. washington naÏvely alluding greater, tigris and euphrates, it's the potomac but you've got to forgive me, it wasn't well-traveled. we knew we needed to place thent capitol extra river which is by the hudson and other rivers were in the equation so he's going to have a brand-new capitol, washington helps sele

right now taliban forces have taken over the capitol city of kabul and the presidential palace. the u.s. embassy is completely evacuated, we're told. the american flag on the building, taken down. choppers have shuttled u.s. personnel of the kabul airport for flights out of the country. still unclear whether flights are actually happening. sources tell cnn afghanistan's president has fled the country afghan for reportedly tajikistan. in desperation, long lines of people, afghan citizens trying to withdraw whatever cash they have in atms, banks, trying to also secure flights out of the country. >>> as all of this unfolds, the u.s. is sending troops into afghanistan. 5,000 to ensure what president biden calls an orderly and safe drawdown. we have yet to hear from the president today. but his secretary of state this morning defending the decision to withdraw forces from the country. >> when the president came to office, he had a decision to make. the previous administration negotiated an agreement with the tall wan that said our forces, only about 25 00 would be out of the country

eased up its withdrawal, and the taliban moved into the capitol city. "the associated press" is now reporting that the afghanistan president, ashraf ghani, has left the country. cbs news foreign correspondent roxana saberi filed this report in kabul before rushing to the airport to get out. >> reporter: good morning. over the past few hours, the taliban have reached the gates of the capitol. some eye witnesses say they have even seen the p'in today negotiations have been taking place at the presidential palace, not far from here, over the transfer of power to the taliban. this comes as the insurgents have seized city after city in afghanistan in just over a week. in a statement, the taliban spokesman said the group will not enter the city by force, and pledged it won't take revenge on anyone. but panicked residents have swarmed the streets of the capitol, with some racing to leave. we've spoken to many afghans in the past few days, who have been fearing for the taliban's survival. some fled from the countryside to the capitol, seeking safety from the ta

citizens to avoid going to the capitol city airport citing threats outside the gate. more than 80,000 people have been evacuated. >>> president biden has has beet to meet with israel's new prime minister today. that could serve as a reset for the u.s./israel relationship which has been strained after escalations in the region. >>> delta airlines will be charging $200 a month to unvaccinated employees. the nation's second largest airline will refuse covid paid sick leave for those without the shot. for no cbs news, new york. >>> it's thursday, august 26th, 2021. this is the "cbs morning news." security threat. the u.s. embassy tells americans in afghanistan to avoid traveling to the kabul airport as the deadline for troop withdrawal gets closer. >>> a shot of confidence. when people may need to roll up their sleeves again if they got the single-dose johnson & johnson vaccine. >>> thrills, chills, and injuries. one of the world's fastest roller coasters is forced to shut down. how fast it goes and the how fast it goes and the complaints from riders. captioning funded by

city of stohl korea had suddenly become a cold war crisis. in our capital reaction was dramatic and swift. resident sherman immediately offered military assistance to help stem and repel north korean aggression. another voice that if united nations condemned north korea's aggression and in a series of emergency meetings called upon u.n. members to assist the republic of korea. united states was designated as the u.n. executive member nation to head and coordinate the u.n. military command. 20 member nations which were not responded to the u.s. request for military assistance. 90 days following north korea's invasion were grim. desperate times to build u.n. ground and air forces in size and firepower to match the scale of the expanding war. as u.n. military units went to the public of korea by air and sea and may ground targets were pounded by her air force. ti gene and pusan gave the general and his u.n. command the need -- needed time to prepare its own initiative. un's initiative turned out to be the bold invasion some 150 miles behind kore

they moved all of it at the chesapeake bay, they learn the capitol city of washington d.c. and they finally stopped at a place called baltimore. the reason? work mchenry. after the war of 1812 the president of the united states, james mattis said we established port positions up and down the eastern seaboard. they recruited, interestingly enough, general simone barnard the french engineer who came and helped us establish what we call the third system for us today. it is an example of the largest and best of all of those forts. in 1819 it was decided this location, point comfort, would be the location. they began construction almost immediately and did not finish until 1834. the model we see today is exactly what it would look like when the first soldiers came to populate and be the defense of the chesapeake. the frenchmen, general simone barnard was a very intelligent engineer and created many facets of this port that made it one of the strongholds here in the united states. one of the things he did, as the enemy approached the individual there could be cross fires from dif

by the end of 2148 shiite group friendly with the eye ron came out of the north sack to the capitol city. at the time that happened you can all read this in the wall street journal and a great piece on i will monitor from january 2015, our current secretary of defense was a four star general. and he made a deal to you guys like killing al qaeda? no problem. he was funneling them intelligence to use to target that was january 2013th. just two months later barack obama stabbed them in the back and took al qaeda's side against them in the war launched by saudi arabia including the united states that help the war from the very beginning. obama gave the green light to begin it. al qaeda has been a major part of the coalition this whole time. cnn did a good story a couple years ago how the uae had given al qaeda american on personal carriers who were taken into battle. this is really embarrassing made a deal with them. the trump governments and now into biden pretend that the war against al qaeda that is just not trooper it al qaeda and the arabian peninsula have been integrated into the uae a

city. >> that is an important reminder. general, while we have you, i do want to ask a quick question about covid-19. cnn reported that defense secretary lloyd austin is going to seek authorization from president biden to essentially make a vaccine mandate and push that on service members. do you anticipate he might get some push back from the rank and file? >> i would certainly hope not. in my view, i don't know what we've been waiting for. if you're not prepared to go to unknown locations and fight tonight and engage with that -- in that type of an environment, where covid and different variants may be rampant, then you are certainly trying to send soldiers and troopers of all build, in the marines, air force, navy, special ops folks and the army to an environment where they're at risk. you can judge their ability to execute their tasks based on this environment and how they can work within it. if you've got covid, if it's ram rampant, you're going to have a readiness challenge. i would think we would have done this at th

the taliban fighters are taking over the capitol city of kabul and new images of them doing so in the presidential palace. the u.s. embassy has been evacuated. the american flag on the building intentionally taken down at the direction of americans. julian zeletzer is a cnn political analyst and historian and professor at prince ton and tim neftali. julian, you first. once the u.s. announced withdrawal, was this day inevitable? >> that's what we're going to learn. many people will think and agree this was an unwinnable war and that this situation has been deteriorating over many presidencies. the second question will be was the withdrawal done the best way possible, and i think it's too early to tell. i think we're going to see what happens in the next few months, frankly, and sort out the decision making in the biden administration. it's a political question that will confront biden in the months ahead. >> tim, we're hearing comparisons of this moment, what we're seeing in kabul, to the fall of saigon. the iconic image of people fleeing the u.s. embassy by helicopter as the city fell

. >> reporter: sunday taliban fighters swept into the capitol city of kabul completing offensive that saw them capture most of the country in a matter of weeks. the push happened as u.s. with drew most of combat forces ahead of august 31 headline. afghanistan's western backed president fled while his government collapsed. count less others tried to escape. kabul's airport was packed with would be travelers trying to get a flight out. >> it's a dire situation when you see united states embassy being evacuated. you just had president biden a few days ago saying you wouldn't see helicopters evacuating the embassy. yet here we are. >> reporter: white house defended the decision to proceed with the military withdrawal. >> like it or not, there was an agreement the forces would come out. had we not begun, we would have been back at war with the taliban. >> reporter: the total deployment, around 6,000. >> a joint statement from u.s. and more than 60 other nations calling on taliban to protect civilians. un security council has called an emergency meeting this morning. >>> also developing, th

he's political acumen his vision, his creativity and just getting this capitol city founded and built to ensure the survival of our

. ♪♪ dan: begin with fox news alert, tolerant closing in on the afghan capitol city of the world. taking over territories across afghanistan, the pentagon for us hey, lucas. >> the taliban surrounded 30 miles outside the afghan capitol secretary john kirby. >> the taliban is trying to isolate the city and they have throughout this last few weeks, you've seen it for yourself taking over border crossings, taking over highways and major intersections. u.s. maclean's to secure the airport and americans from the embassy, the rest of the 3000 u.s. troops will arrive by the end of the weekend so 8000 troops are deploying to to the middle east. 4000 paratroopers in the 82nd airborne decision to wait reserve. 1000 troops going visa for afghan interpreters. the taliban have not ceased more than half of afghanistan 34 potential capitol. u.s. spent more than $85 billion the past 20 years building in afghan army. officials say they have crumbled. 1000 troops in afghanistan, president biden overruled. 2500 u.s. troops in recent months, same number now back to evacuate americans. >> the afghan f

city. land went south although down to the navy yard. you can see the bottom of it where it ends at the bottom of the screen here. that is where he concentrated his development. probably servicing or providing needed for the population got built up earliest center of population was down there that's report and the industrial workers were the opening tavern the first hotel on capitol hill a brick and a hay. he's the one who donated the land for christ church which is the episcopal church in the capitol hill area, and the oldest one is six street i'm sorry it's on g street between sixth and seventh and still exist today. did not develop his land only depart by the navy yard. grout is when the few few proprietors to remain solvent throughout the whole. the third owner is overton car the map is marked walker. he owned the property before he actually lived there to buy out the small land owners around but he immediately sold his land to george walker. the land was purchased by walker and walker

dan bongino up next. ♪♪ dan: begin with fox news alert, tolerant closing in on the afghan capitol city of the world. taking over territories across afghanistan, the pentagon for us hey, lucas. >> the taliban surrounded 30 miles outside the afghan capitol secretary john kirby. >> the taliban is trying to isolate the city and they have throughout this last few weeks, you've seen it for yourself

now they're surrounding the capitol city kabul and they're putting out this message as clarissa was saying that they are, they want to project this image that they are a new taliban, they're not the murder zillets that the world had known from their previous power. they're saying don't protect kabul and lay down your weapon and we'll forget what you have done in the past and there will be no bloodshed. that's where we stand at the this moment, kim. >> thank you so much cyril vania in london. >> i want to bring in nick peyton walsh who's live in kabul. i want to get your latest reaction at the event here, talibans at the gates. >> reporter: it is important to remember that maybe they moved in some direction closer now and every side involved in this is going to have their message to give out and speaking to a senior official from the presidential palace, they i insisted that the taliban not entered kabul. they maybe on the out skirt. they're not going to come into the capitol when they were seeking negotiations. the trigger for a lot of the panic was a clash at a bank in the city, a moment

commercial airport in the capitol city. sent think they would need bagram. they had confidence in ghani. the biden administration apparently turned down the taliban's offer and thought they would have far more time than they did. >> on the tactical decision on which is the right airport for an evacuation of course any responsible president would give significant weight to the advice of commanders on the ground. their advice was to close bagram and focus on kabul. >> close bagram and focus on kabul. we did that and now a lot of people are dead. nobody has apologized. if you catch your kid doing something wrong you don't rest until they apologize. this is an essential part of fixing a problem. it's not just practically important. it's spiritually important. admit youpi are wrong. they won't. they don't care what you think. so to this moment the only person who has been punished for the terrible decisions, one marine corp officer who criticized the decisions. this can't go on. when leaders refuse to hold themselves accountable overtime people revolt. that happe

the 7.2 struck about 78 miles west of the capitol and badly damaged two southern cities. haiti's prime minister declared a month long state of emergency, the country already u assassination of its president last month. now desperately short of medical workers with thousands injured. because of over crowding in hospitals, small planes flew some victims for care. search and rescue crews from usaid are on the ground. us coastguard is delivering medical supplies and airlifting critically injured. help arrives as the country braces for tropical depression grace. it is expected to dump heavy rains starting tonight bringing with it potential for land slides and flooding. >>> officials say more than 7,000 homes were destroyed and nearly 5,000 damaged. >>> ten minutes after 5:00. ahead on ixam cbsn bay ea, who can get id m > des'olfight could be coming to an end. s port about lead exposure for children. >>> potential power shut off threat for bay ar pge customers because of wildfire risk. >>> if you are getting ready to head out the door, maybe getting the kids ready for school, d

the town is not backing down from us are going the capitol city leaving the international airport is the only way in or out of the country. the biden demonstration has become parker partial evacuation but they've not ruled out full evacuation. 7.2 magnitude earthquake leading to more than 300 people dead and 1800 injured in haiti. the prime minister set rushing hospitals overwhelmed with incoming patients. doesn't biden authorize immediate response to help hating and sending usaid administrator's power to ordinate assistance. i am ashley strohmier, act ii "watters world". ♪♪ continue to push police listen to cori bush doubling down even after she admitted firing her own private security because when we talk about every single year increasing the budget for police we are still dying we have to save lives we cannot be put on the back burner and i'm here to stand up for my community. >> after she was screaming on the steps of course we have to defined the police after 40 officers killed since the start of the year 130 since the movement began the consequences of the cities being sof

, the provincial capitols and wait until u.s. forces left by august 31st before making their move. that didn't happen. kunduz to the north fell, kandahar fell, other cities around kabul fell so kabul was isolated and eventually surrounded. >> duncan: the u.s. has been training the afghan military now for 20 years, why do you think that the afghan military didn't put up more of a fight? >> reporter: well, when i spoke to then the commander of the u.s. and nato forces general scott miller, he said his biggest fear was that the provincial capitols fell one after the other. that meant that the momentum would be with the taliban and the morale would be taken away from afghan forces. and it happened so quickly that the afghan forces were not able to send in reinforcements and to mount any serious defense or counteroffensives. >> duncan: charlie, what do you think the future holds under the taliban control especially when you think about women and girls? >> reporter: well, the taliban has said, in fact, the taliban has told me, that the

city, washington the district of columbia which is something that comes out of columbus' name. so what can we do about william byrd the second? if you think about william byrd the second and he start to learn more about him, you really have to question whether his name should grace that park in which people gather to enjoy themselves. as i mentioned a very wealthy he was also very erudite, it had a fabulous library. wrote a number of the books including his secret diaries that he wrote in code, which were cracked by historians. in the secret diaries he records his cereal philandering he was married twice. but he continued to have multiple sexual affairs many were rapes of enslaved women. he details in his diaries. he also had some terrible habits of interaction with enslaved people who he claimed as property, one enslaved man for example had a habit of wetting the bed at night. as punishment went william byrd the second made him drink his own urine after he wet the bed. not at all an attractive figure. quite the contrary representing the worst of virginia colonial aristocracy.

we're seeing similar scenes in other captured capitol cities as well taliban fighters parading around in vehicles they captured from u.s. trained and equipped afghan forces meanwhile, the humanitarian crisis also deepening. thousands of displaced and desperate afghan refugees have been flowing into kabul with nowhere else to turn take a look at the situation at the pakistani border beating back a crowd of afghan refugees with long batons. now remains just 18 days for the withdrawal from afghanistan to be complete. a deadline now facing its biggest test yet nbc's kelly cobiella begins our coverage tonight. >> reporter: the center of gravity is kabul in this country. it is becoming more and more isolated as these big urban centers, centers of trade and commerce around theedges of th country, around the borders are controlled by the taliban leaving kabul on its own as this has been happening, tens of thousands of people continue to flood into kabul. as a matter of fact, we were at a park not far from where we're staying today and the numbers of people staying in that park today compared

military men and women and to the capitol city, specifically to the airport. the thing that i'm hearing from sources from capitol hill to the private sector, people who are working with ngos and other organizations to get heme out who worked with americans, women and children, particularly women who were working in the business world and now fearful for their live lives -- just because they had their own businesses. what i'm hearing is remember to send the message that this is not over. this isn't a hand wringing exercise about what went wrong because it is an active situation. and that is clear from the pentagon response today. question is how quickly could they fix the situation, kate. ted lieu is now of a member of congress, he tweeted something that i thought was so fascinating yesterday and he said that back when he was serving, what he did was to airlift people in iraq during saddam hussein, the kurds who example who were in his cross-hairs and they did that and they got the paperwork done afterwards. so airlift out, ask questions later. and so that is w

cities of those provinces. what we've seen is an increased momentum by the taliban and also i think you've almost seen a transition from the insurgency. they were floating as the old saying goes among the fish in the sea to almost a conventional fight where they have established the capability that very few people expected them to establish. that's been the biggest surprise. >> that point was spoken to. this is not the same group that you saw in 2001. they have become more experienced. we're not going to go back to the old taliban ways because they're more experienced now. then we had the president using that number of 300,000 afghan forces versus 75,000 taliban forces. do you think those numbers are still accurate? >> i don't think the numbers are accurate for the afghan army. that's how many have trained. we have read reports and there is intelligence on some of those forces fading away, becoming ghost soldiers, giving up their arms. experienced -- i experienced a little bit of this in iraq when isis actually

city founded and built which ensures the survival of our public. i like to think david, it's not tribute on with him and be part of this wonderful book festival. thank you, everyone. ♪♪ >> weekends on c-span2 every saturday, american history tv documents american stories and sunday book tv brings the latest nonfiction books and authors. funding for c-span2 comes from these television companies and more including buckeye broadband. ♪♪ ♪♪ buckeye broadband along with these television companies, c-span2 is a public service. ♪♪ >> if you choose to research the origins of the topic being discussed frequently in the u.s. in recent months called critical race theory you will find the name derek bell, while professor bell who died in 2011 was one of the principal originators of this much discussed subject. november 1992, bell appeared on book notes to discuss his book, faces at the bottom of the well, permanence of racism. >> the late derek bell harvard's law school professor on this episode of plus. listen@c-span.org/podcast or wherever yo

multiple reports of beatings and shootings are on the capitol city around kabul and elsewhere. the stories of desperation are heartbreaking mothers of literally throwing toddlers over the airport walls or to try to get them to safety, look at that. and of course the now iconic video of afghans clinked u.s. cargo planes as they tried to escape the taliban and their onslaught. the president still seems pretty clueless about the violence on the ground there, watch the spirit. >> a lot of pantomime outside the airport. >> look but no one's been killed right now. god forgive me if i'm wrong about that but no one's been killed right now. we've got a thousand like 1200 out yesterday couple thousand today. it is increasing. we are going to get this people out. >> we've all seen the pictures hundreds of people packed into a c-17. that was four days ago, five days ago but. >> what to think what he first saw those pictures? >> have to gain control of this. we have to move this more quickly. we have to move it in a way and we did. >> it was a four days or five days ago it was two days ago