and subjugating american indians. while the wild west shows are still ongoing, the image of the plains indian warrior moves into the 20th century with the latest technological advancement and form of mass entertainment, that is motion pictures. and the battle of the little bighorn is portrayed in silent films, then in talkies, all throughout the heyday of hollywood, the 1940s and '30s, technicolor period of the '50s, well into the counterculture films. with, for example, the silent films in 1925, there is a film that's considered one of the great epics of the silent era. and in this movie, it's made clear in the written dialogue that plains indian warriors and lakotas in particular were impeding the, quote, advancement of white men and western frontier. and so this story line of american indians standing in the way of progress continues to be told throughout, as i say, the golden age of hollywood, the films of the '50s, and even in the counterculture films. the counterculture films obviously begin to reflect a little

you have an indian woman here with a child. you have another indian woman here with a child. another one right here. they are all kind of part of the scene. and they are listening to what's going on. the proceedings kind of have legitimacy because they are occurring out there in the open. you also have, it's worth noting, a colonial secretary right there who is basically serving the purposes of stenographer taking down notes of what's going on which raises the question which is interesting, if these were people of native american and european descent and they didn't speaking one another's languages, how did they actually communicate with each other? there are two primary ways through which that happened. i want to spend time now talking about that. the first is interpreters. it was very important to have interpreters who could relate the substance of the speech given by one side to the other side. and over the history of these meetings, we see several different types of people emerge as being kind the typical interpreters. missionaries. missionaries, who we have already talke

has the plan for indian country. pointed out in the american rescue plan disney $36 to federally recognized tribes this year and a most $8 billion in care. given the scope of challenges comes to housing, i hope this money is being directed in that you are seeing it on the grounds there. can you tell us more about the effectiveness of how those funds are being transmitted through the bureaucracy, and whether or not there seems to be any effectiveness in regards to the federal assistance during a covid-19 when it comes to housing specific ones? >> thank you for that, senator. the springs were tribes on the discretionary funds from the cares act should be separated a bit from the american rescue plan. the cares act through department treasury had limitations on the use of the funds. infrastructure was relatively limited to pursue. it was housing vouchers and in this latest round, the american rescue plan infrastructure was included, but it was not housing. we are able to address water issues and sanitation issues with t

indian country. legislation that senator smith and i partnered on in the past has resulted in a number of complications, but there is clearly more work to do. the fdic's reports that native americans and alaskan native american individuals are unbanked at triple the average of normal americans. not having access to financial services makes owning and even renting a home that much more difficult. i hope the hearing will also shed light into how housing challenges are exacerbated by other legal and economic issues. even before covid-19 pandemic, native american housing programs already in existence have failed to adequately serve the needs of our poorest tribal communities, especially in more rural areas across the country. it is my hope that congress can also make progress this year on reauthorization of the native american housing assistance and self-determination act. i look forward to hearing our witnesses' thoughts on reauthorization's, reforms and alternative funding options for native housing in

it means indians are escaping. so he and a small platoon of men turn their horses from the main force and they do see these indians escaping. across this meadow and one of them turns amses kentucky long rifle fires. the soldier right at the militia men writing next to blows them out of the saddle. boone spurs his horse as he gets closer to the indians frantically reloading he reckon it's big jim. it's big jim who killed and tortured his son james? boone looks a big jim they knew each other big jim looks at boone and he's he's reloading they look at each other. boon is shocked. finally is this my time for revenge? he pulls out his his saber which is where the origin of the long night. that's where they the india started calling the americans long knife. he pulls out his saber big jim's reloading boone spurs his horse and what happened next was? well, you know if you want to know what happened next you're gonna have to read. thank you very much sarah. thank you very much. everyone who tuned in tonight. we really appr

it makes the indian country the fourth-largest state in the united states. for those areas within state, how much state control doesn't have -- how much state control do they have over state land? guest: when it comes to regulatory powers, we have shared responsibility with various states and it is agreed by which a state controls and indian country. there is a foundation of several laws that govern the extent. in some instances, the court has recognized powers of state government in their regulatory powers within indian country, but over time we have worked to ensure that is a shared power and that those issues that directly affect our land, our citizens within our borders and territories, we have exclusive control. it is the result of a long history of federal policies, whereby the federal courts acknowledge and recognize that at times there are nontribal presence within our borders and they question whether a tribal nation should exercise jurisdiction over nontribal citizens within our borders, which in and of itself is not right nor appropriate. the unit

it means indians are escaping. so he and a small platoon of men turn their horses from the main forest and see the indians escaping across the meadow. and one of them turns, aims his kentucky long rifle, fires, the soldier -- the militia men blows him out of the saddle. boone spurns his horse, getting closer to the indian, frantically reloading, it's big jim. it's big jim who killed and tortured his son james. boon looks at big jim -- they knew each other -- big jim looks at boone as he's reloading they look at each other, boone is shocked. finally, is this my time for revenge? he pulls out his saber, which is where the origin of the long knife, that's where the indians starting calling the americans long knives, he pulls out his saber, big jim is reloading, boone spurs his horse and what happened next was -- well, you know, if you want to know what happened next you have to read the book. thank you to everyone who tuned in tonight we really appreciate it. i'm sorry to leave you hanging like that, but tom is the sc

did indian creek people during the allotment. it's up with a of the boarding schools in the same way that native children work during this period we talk about that briefly before. then another question about how this period of time, you have and lots of ways united states government sort of tries to make sense of the populations of people. one person is asking if there was pressure from indian freed people to identify as black or native. and if that was a choice that people were able to make. or was not forced upon them. alaina: well there's something called chickasaws prettyman who i believe there are undergrads at columbia. there also descendents and have a lot of information and they also give me things didn't know so they're talking about a boarding school the other day when the freed people went now i had never found anything in my resources that people were forced to boarding schools under many schools where black and 80 people not necessarily but african-american people and native americans came in contact with like the c

school in 1919 and the indian view baptist church in 1942. and in her role as a tribal elder she played a pivotal role in the preservation of further weaving or needing, and art which had been almost lost, which she passed on to others and is still in existence today and there are people in the audience who know how to do it so very exciting to acknowledge you, so with her contribution she assists anthropologists with a variety of studies including discussing herbal remedies so a lot of the information we've retained about medicinal plants and herbal remedies because of her leadership and her activism provided a strong base of support for continuing tribal identity in a time that was increasingly even dangerous to continue tribal identity so i look to her as a great example of leadership in this period. and that is molly holmes adams and i think in the next slide i have a picture of this feathered mantle here that molly holmes adams created around the 1930s, that is actually on display upstairs in the focused exhibit so you can see an example

ocean, including the western indian ocean, where we have joined up with france. and it's india and foster become say, very states a good, good. cooperate, a players with regard to the security of the western indian. if i may please, one more question about interest relationship with the, with the american the united states seems to put a premium on its relations. but india, they are willing to go. they astra, mom, where you make certain accessions for you that they would not make well other than yes, your reasons or role that compared to the differences you have with russia. those of the united states much less confine. what do you mean by that? you know, the thing is that relationship with america has dimensions which i relationship with no other country has. often the fact that we have big data and some of the leaders are actually heading the big social media giants in the united states to under 1000 indian students. in the united states and bilateral stated, and in the $45000000000.00 differentiated, also growing up in the sector. we are slowly intertwined. an

indians do these kind of verbal flattery from american? no, it's not love us actually, frankly, because the, the security of the indian ocean is absolutely linked to the security of the rest and pacific dialogue. talking about the difference is that ex country may, i would like on the western pacific about, you know, if the chinese, some means are going to come in the, in the notion and doc at the colombo bought how they will look up. they're going to come from the rest of the pacific, and therefore it is our job political interest, which i'm sure there's a huge experience. so you know, politics interest to see that giant us naval ambitions. and they don't create a problem for us in the indian ocean because they clearly made this known to the american public. therefore, it is quite normal that we think the security of the indian ocean to that are the western pacific. but beyond that, i can't see why anybody should have any questions about the concept of in the, in the pacific blue, i agree that from the american point of view, they want to

tonight's presenter is diana gates who will speak to us about indian women in leadership roles. there will be an opportunity to ask questions at the end of the lecture. ms. gates is a managing senior tribal specialist with the national center on tribal early childhood development where her projects focus on embedded native culture and language into high quality educational opportunities for native youth. she is also the founder of everyday eastern, a nonprofit with the mission of preserving and sharing existing community knowledge and practice, conducting community-engaged research and building partnership with tribal communities along the east coast. in addition to earning a bachelor of arts degree in international and humanitarian affairs from james madison university, ms. gates earned a master's of social work from columbia university and a master's of education from -- [inaudible] university. she currentlilies in richmond -- lives in richmond, virginia, with her husband, daughter and dog. please join me in welcoming diana gates. [applause] [laughter] >> hi, everyone. i have

the title of this discussion is exceptional women: virginia indian women and leadership. and i just want to start by saying to all the virginian indigenous women in the room or who may be watching this recording, this presentation is especially for you. and i hope you find strength and power in the stories of our grandmothers that are included here tonight. i know personally their tenacity, strength and commitment to community especially through trying times and adversity is a message that we can all gain some inspiration from. [laughter] if -- so up first, let's talk about these things. so instead of a formal agenda slide, i sort of open with some points of discussion that we will talk through tonight. and so we'll start with a land acknowledgment, we will talk about what time immemorial means, and then we'll go through some four general phases that i think categorize some time periods in virginia indian women and leadership including matriarch key, exceptional women, tenning the embers and remate ration, and we'll close out with time immemorial revisited and then we'll

the russians call it the asia pacific, while the indians insist on the in the pacific. isn't just the linguist picking or is it truly reflective on how different maybe 2 hours conceptualize this asian when you know, i think the russian side to the bush, she had that when 1st the concert felicia pacific was developed. it was not included because it stopped at me on my india, there's never part of asia, even the when the europe set up this awesome india was excluded. we told them how can explore the 2nd biggest country in asia in an asian european dial in earlier on when they set up the impacts. so the asia pacific india was excluded so enormous if it actually is recognition that in there you cannot be an issue without india because he's using a china centric banner that it was a mistake is being nobody or china pacific either. right, for the simple reason that if you are going to talk about it and then you must include india. now you want to call it in though is that that's a very unreal leak formulation. but you can call it just like, but in the pacific. i mean, there s

the ohio indians did not accept this premise. in fact the ohio indians had never been defeated themselves in the course of the american revolution. they were in a strong position in 1783. kentucky was still starting to grow a lot faster, but it was still embattled. and they simply did not accept the logic that the u.s. applied to the treaty of paris. so, at the end of the war, everything was unclear in term of relations between the u.s. and the ohio indians. in this sense it was a similar situation, the u.s. relation with indian groups throughout the transappalachian west. i want the just pause at this point and talk a little bit about daniel boone because the -- you know, his -- placing him in kentucky in 1775 is a little bit surprising. you know, if you don't know a lot about him, if you haven't thought very much about daniel i want to talk for a minute about how daniel boone first became famous because he became a famous figure right after the revolutionary war. he became famous as a result of the publication of this text. joh

to all the parts of all ship, all indians, former borton secretary, mr. st. about before they break, we started talking about how with 19 experienced i wonder if this very difficult ordeal is going to have any implications for yes. one policy and yes. overall assessment of priorities because all of our country spending billions, if not trillions on for defining against one another. while many, many thousands of people are dying from the lack of necessary woodman. do you think the call that 9 in experience that you have had will affect its priorities and it's assessment in any way? well, you know, want to assume that this is going to be a very long, long limited to india, the world. and i always so much independent and so much link to each other, that india i'll be able to control this than i spent as on the other hand. unfortunately, there is a lot of negative propaganda on this against india because it will be in this part of the houses that india has escaped the worst crisis. and the 2nd wave stuck struck there is a lot of that i think in the rest on media

ah, the classic indian railway station. to me, nothing sums up this country better than the indian railway network. more than any political act, they say that this is what unifies this country. i remember as a small child being on an indian train and being totally overwhelmed by it. but i love it. horn blares ah, this feels imminent! who knows when this was made, this train. it looks pretty damn old to me! but, wow, look at that! horn blares it's a network that ferries millions of passengers daily across tens of thousands of track to nearly 7,000 stations. it's one of the world's biggest employers. if there's one defining legacy of british rule, it's the vast, sprawling, creaking indian railway network. it's still the lifeblood of the country today. all sing i'll tell you this, you wouldn't get this on a suburban train on a cold wednesday morning in london or any other western city. this is unique. singing continues you know everyone on this carriage? yeah. yeah, from the train journey? trainjourney, yeah. ah! train friends

in the indian naturally play at this level. in the indian team. _ naturally play at this level. in the indian team, there's _ naturally play at this level. in the indian team, there's no - naturally play at this level. in the indian team, there's no need - naturally play at this level. in the indian team, there's no need for| indian team, there's no need for doubt after their victory at lord's. references from their captain to english publication in that match. controlled revocation is a key. india prepared to face and give it. this team will not back down and take a _ this team will not back down and take a backward step when we've been provoked _ take a backward step when we've been provoked. so we play together, we play to— provoked. so we play together, we play to win, — provoked. so we play together, we play to win, and we don't let anyone of any— play to win, and we don't let anyone of any opposition take a slightly. look, _ of any opposition take a slightly. look, you're going to come up against confident, talented, and pretty aggressive group of indian bowlers. wha

like between indians, between pakistanis, between bengalis. let me tell you something right now — white people don't know the difference between any of us. laughter and applause. you know, british bangladeshis, we're like a minority within a minority. "oh, yeah. you're bengali," you know? "we'll make a joke about you guys. yeah, all you do is eat fish, right? oh, you're bengali, right?" you know? "you lot are all short, right?" you'd have to ask a pakistani oran indian, like, "yo, why are you guys picking on these bengalis, man?" but you definitely feel it. you definitely feel it. of course, no—one wants to be just the butt of the joke. # you don't love me no more...# one person who has broken down lots of stereotypes in his career is mumzy stranger, one of the best known british bangladeshi music artists. i don't know if you're aware, like, how proud we are to see one of our own up there. # ishq da rog bura # tainu lag jaave na...# it's a strange feeling because, for me, i've always felt like i'm not going to be here, you know, it's like.

it was the most accessible indian rubble in history and his indian allies managed to kick the spanish santa fe, completely and occupy it so an important reminder that the fight for religious freedom is not just among your team, it's an indigenous story to so to get back to plymouth rock i'm going to leave with this idea which is why do we study plymouth rock our conception of colonial america more than we study something like newspaper rock which are there many examples of the collection of rocks in current day in new mexico, this is one in arizona called newspaper rock and it was carved by indigenous people in this place. pueblo indians like to pay as ways to leave traces of their family or plants, offers spiritual interpretations and keep a calendar. so just like plymouth rock could be seen as all of these things . a way to leave a symbol, the mark of the church and the puritan migration, spiritual meaning certainly because this was a place where the pilgrims are memorialized for their settlement to pursue freedom from religious persecution in europe and calendar events, 1620 the ye

ah, the classic indian railway station. to me, nothing sums up this country better than the indian railway network. more than any political act, they say that this is what unifies this country. i remember as a small child being on an indian train and being totally overwhelmed by it. but i love it. horn blares. ah, this feels imminent! who knows when this was made, this train. it looks pretty damn old to me! but wow, look at that! horn blares. it's a network that ferries millions of passengers daily across tens of thousands of track to nearly 7,000 stations. it's one of the world's biggest employers. if there is one defining legacy of british rule, it's the vast, sprawling, creaking indian railway network. it's still the lifeblood of the country today. all sing. i'll tell you this. you wouldn't get this on a suburban train on a cold wednesday morning in london, or any other western city. this is unique. singing continues you know everyone on this carriage? yeah. yeah, from the train journey? trainjourney, yeah. ah! train fri