medical association. >> national bar association. >> all of those black institutions which model existence on the denominations of the black church. after that, i'me going to the history of gospel music. >> so they are going to get mad at me. supposed to do q&a. >> one thing i had to talk to you about, go to q&a i'm going to close by asking you to tell me your favorite gospel that we will come back to. >> you can ask me now, you do whatever you want. >> let me ask this, what did the great migration mean for the racial makeup of the united states northern flat churches? >> that is a great question. remember i said 1910 from 90% of the african-american people lived in the south. after 1910 black people began to migrate to the north, the majority of black people never lived in the north and reverse migration starts in 1970 but it came very close. the percentage, it was more or less balanced, you can backtrack me, i don't remember the 1970 black people started moving back to the south in part because of air-conditioning. >> no really, that is fair. >> because appearance of industrial jobs from

but also the national medical association, the national dental association, national bar association. all those black institutions which model their existence on the done nominations of the black church. but phil, after that i'm going to do the history of gospel music. >> okay. you know, okay, they're getting mad at me because i'm supposed to do q&a now, but that's one thing i wanted, i had on to talk to you about. i wonder to talk about black music. but let's go to q&a i want ask you, i'm going to close by asking you to tell me like your favorite gospel song. will come back to that. .. >> but you can ask me now. i'm the guest. >> the racial makeup of the united states and northern black churches. >> that's a great question. 1910, 90% of the african-american people lived in the south after 1910 of course black people began to migrate to the north. the majority of black people never lived in the north and it starts in hundred 70 but it came very close. the percentage. it was more or less balanced by 60/40. i can't remember, i don't have a hand but 1970, they started moving back to the

medical association the national bar association all of those black institutions which model their existence on the denomination of the black church. but after that i will do the history of gospel music. [laughter] >> table get mad at me because i am supposed to do q&a but i had to talk to about black music but let's go to q&a i will close by asking you to tell me your favorite gospel song that we will come back to that you can ask me now. i'm the guest you do whatever. [laughter] >> what did the great migration mean to the racial makeup of the united states and northern black churches quick. >> that's a great question in 191090 percent of the african-american people lived in the south. after 1910 of course black people began to migrate to the north the majority of black people never lived in the north and the reverse migration became very close like 6040 but then people started to move back to the south and also the industrial jobs from the urban north had drawn them to the north in the first place during world war i. so it meant two things. to results that large black denominations formed

medical association. the national losses asian, national bar association. all those institutions which modeled their existence on the denominations of the black church which filled, after that i'm going to do the history of gospel music. >> so they're going to get mad because i'm supposed to do a q&a now. the one thing i wanted to talk to you about but i want to talk to you about black music. i'm going to close by asking you to tell me your favorite gospel songs but we will come back to that. >> you can ask me now. do whatever you want. >> let me ask this question. what did the great migration mean to the racial makeup of the united states and northern black churches. >> that's a great question. remember i said in 1910 90 percent of african-american people lived in the south and after 1910 of course black people began to migrate to the north. it never, a majority of black peoplenever lived in the north and reverse migration start in 1970 but it came very close .it became more or less balanced, 6040. i can

an award-winning scholar, a marvelous t-shirt but also by the national medication association. join me i welcoming stephen howard brown. >> it's great to be here for anyone interested in washington, this is the gold standard so i feel grateful to you and the sacrament thehe library and of course the ladies so thank you. >> on behalf of the association we welcome you here tonight the company finding these talks for years so thankig you for the wok and everything you do at mount vernon and i'm thrilled to have a conversation with you. everyone out there, submit your questions, i want to give you the opportunity for questions and learn about the first inaugural address but also really about the first inauguration more broadly. let me start there, tell us about the election of the president. the very first election of the president was like any other how did george washington become elected president 1787 and 89? >> i want to honor the question but maybe one way of getting added to ask how it would be possible for him not to be elected. as you are familiar, it was almost a pure com

medical aassociation. >> national bar association. >> all those black institutions which model third existence on the denominations of the black church but after that, i'm going to do the history of gospel music. [laughter] >> there going to get mad at me because i'm supposed to do you and i now. one thing i wanted to talk to you about, black music but let's go to q&a but i'm going to close by asking you to tell me your favorite song. >> you can ask t me now, you do whatever you want. >> what that the great migration into the racial makeup of the united states in northern black churches? >> that's a great question. remember i said in 1910, 90% of the african-american people lived in the south after 1910 course, black people began to migrate to the north, the majority of black people never lived in the north and reverse migration starts in 1970 but it came very close the percentage. more or less balanced by 60, 40, you can fact checked me, i remember. 1970 black people started moving back in part because of air-conditioning, you t know. >> no really, that is fair. >> disappearance of

the traditional narrative associates that as an impossible resolution due to both pressures from groups like the american medical association and from unions like the uaw that wanted to tie insurance to employment. forgotten in that narrative is a group of religious hospitals that would publicly say that it is absolutely vital to provide health care to poor people. this is necessary and it's tied to our religious beliefs. at the same time, because they felt a government health care system would completely destroy their own hospital systems, didn't want any part of a government health care system. this is an area in which it doesn't necessarily seem to be about religion or theology. but hospitals are businesses, corporations. groups that were invested in the health care industry, therefore, were making calculated business decisions that contradicted their own sort of social justice or theological orientations around health care and healing. it's this that deserves more sustained attention, not just be my but by others because it is so complex. there isn't a single party line about what r

by fda between 2010 and 2019. 356 new medications. we are putting billions each year into the nih. we want to make sure consumers can afford the products that these pharmaceutical companies generate from that research. do you think we are getting that return? geoffrey: senator, i would say that the research ecosystem is a complete whole of which basic research, funded by the government by nih, is an important part. but nih does not bring drugs into clinical development and marketing approval. that can only be done by pharmaceutical companies. i think if we look at the statements of the nih itself, they will acknowledge that without the efforts of the pharma industry to develop and bring drugs to market, their basic research would not produce patient accessible innovation. sen. durbin: but if you listen to dr. moody, and she's pretty convincing, i think it's we have made in patent law cannot serve the purpose of research innovation or the benefits to the consumers. it is all about monopoly control of some of these drug so you can have