when we came into office, boko haram occupied how many local governments in borno state? today they are restricted. should they have been wiped out? yeah. we work with the security forces to try to rescue the students. they are doing their best, but they can do better. the resources available to them can be improved, definitely. criminal gangs are not only targeting schools. they also regularly abduct civilians travelling by road. some think that negotiation is the only way to end the the kidnapping pandemic sweeping rural areas. villages have been raided and the death toll is rising. according to the international crisis group, many but not all of these gangs are made up of members of the semi nomadic fulani ethnic group. traditionally, they made their living from cattle rearing but climate change and competition for resources has left many of them without an income. controversial islamic cleric ahmad gumi has acted as a self—appointed mediator between groups of kidnappers and the government but the sheikh says the marginalisation of nigeria's fulani population is coun

when we came into office, boko haram occupied how many local governments in borno state? today they are restricted. should they have been wiped out? yeah. we work with the security forces to try to rescue the students. they are doing their best, but they can do better. the resources available to them can be improved, definitely. criminal gangs are not only targeting schools. they also regularly abduct civilians travelling by road. some think that negotiation is the only way to end the the kidnapping pandemic sweeping rural areas. villages have been raided and the death toll is rising. according to the international crisis group, many but not all of these gangs are made up of members of the semi nomadic fulani ethnic group. traditionally they made their living from cattle rearing but climate change and competition for resources has left many of them without an income. controversial islamic cleric ahmad gumi has made acted as a self—appointed mediator between groups of kidnappers and the government but the sheikh says the marginalisation of the nigeria's fulani population

sometimes they have been kidnapped and they escaped from boko haram. so what we do is, to open our mind to them and to be patient. brent: that was marthe wandou, one of the winners of this year's right livelihood awards. the majestic shire horse is the largest equine on the planet. once commonly used as workforces, they were replaced by trucks and machines more than a century ago. now, in the 21st century, they found a new calling, by providing therapy for the human mind and soul. reporter: they are a tourist attraction, but the money these friendly giants bring in helps finance noble goals. the shires, the largest horse breed in the world, are threatened with extinction. used for centuries as workforces, they have been replaced by trucks, machines, and lawnmowers, but not in this london park, where they mow the lawn in an ecologically sustainable way. >> here in richmond park, we have been working the land with the shire horses, looking after the royal park in london. there is no need for heavy machinery to do that. so with that, there is already a ve

haram, al—shabab in east africa, and who knows how many sleeper al-qaeda cells there are in western europe, for instance. we simply don't know, and the threat is very real. we simply don't know, and the threat is ve real. ~ . we simply don't know, and the threat is very real-— is very real. what do you make of the taliban _ is very real. what do you make of the taliban claim _ is very real. what do you make of the taliban claim that _ is very real. what do you make of the taliban claim that they - is very real. what do you make of the taliban claim that they do - is very real. what do you make ofj the taliban claim that they do not want to support terrorism? i think the credibility _ want to support terrorism? i think the credibility of— want to support terrorism? i think the credibility of the _ want to support terrorism? i think the credibility of the taliban - want to support terrorism? i think the credibility of the taliban is - the credibility of the taliban is virtually zero. i don't believe a word they say. their words have already been undermined by their actions. the id

haram, these people are armed with marxist, maoist weapons. he fought these weapons in korea, vietnam. one question is where is the supply chain --where are they getting their ammunition? that is a narrow look. two, i think we should pivot away from china. i am tired of us supporting a communist regime. i think india is now key. this is the largest democracy in the world. one last question, did the afghani army, the 300,000 people -- did they have any women in their army -- i am sort of curious about that. guest: so, to answer your first question about taliban proxy supporters, we know empirically and what my colleagues have studied and have shown over time is that the pakistani military intelligence, the isi has been -- over time we have substantial evidence they have been one of the biggest supporters of the afghan taliban -- that has included providing safe haven for them in weston pakistan when the afghan taliban was escaping u.s.-coalition led efforts in afghanistan. i think our failed efforts to leverage our relationship with pakistan to

haram and many others, has been the principal cause of destabilisation across the middle east and beyond and today in africa. like revolutionary communism, it operates in many different arenas and dimensions. unlike it, its defeat will, ultimately through confronting both the violence and the ideology —— and like it. by a combination of hard and soft power. now, if this is a correct analysis, then especially after the fall of afghanistan, the leading powers must unite to develop an agreed strategy. and even if initial discussion centred around western nations, china and russia also have an interest in countering this ideology and our best allies are to be found in the many muslim countries, including in the middle east, desperate to retake their religion from extremism. we need also to assess our vulnerability. covid—19 has taught us about deadly pathogens. bio terror possibilities might seem like the realm of science fiction, but we would be wise now to prepare for their potential use by non—state actors. 0n the other hand, if this analysis is rejected, the alternative is, in ef