she has double as mikhail gorbachev than in the soviet union. really. he won 33 kelvin on flakes. yes, i got none of you, but she was cisco of water. yes. she may not. all you know. she tom with a free go. it stopped me. yes. me okay. plenty of me. ah, ah, as both from afghanistan soldiers turned out to the children that a mass movement and that edifice under glass knows the by mikhail gorbachev. to relax almost daily. 000008 errors and writes, oh, bunsen, victimization, that was now exposed. you? yes, i need you because i wish you have a bit of a check if we're picking up the other one i i i i 01989 the through in the tell the it's done. ilia decade. 20. it was here in point. yeah. oh, leon wolf fell king the 1st step in patient ah 1990 bill packed but troops ah present soviet soldiers and earned home power the palace of cards and bung with it safe what he could but to light 01991 they ministry boscoe ah ah ah, go budapest, people ah ah, for president of russia, resistance, he the cool for the next year there duration in its final year this oh, just bring in cost cutting the real

so that was ultimately what caused mikhail gorbachev to let german unify. the document itself the final settlement on germany explicitly allows article v to move eastward across the cold war line is bush we should wan. there are certain conditions. it can't with nuclear weapons into eastern germany, thus creating the situation that today eastern german is the only part of your that is nuclear free by treaty but this document final settlement in germany denslow article five to move eastward across the cold war line and gorbachev authorized signature. so that's 1990 controversy to gorbachev as mighty the waters waters about that because he in 2014 on the 25th anniversary of the fall of the berlin wall, try to improve his historical image by bullying journalists into rewriting this history. so he in 2014 said to a journalist, he said, you know, nato expansion never came up when i was in office, never. and then gorbachev switched referring to himself in the third person and start dictating to the journalists interviewing him what to write. so this is gorbachev

not one inch -- mikhail gorbachev. vladimir putin used those words to suggest that the united states and nato were not interested in peace and could not be trusted. sunday, a history professor and author of "not one inch" talks about the comment and the impact nato expansion has had on u.s.-russia relations. >> it showed that baker had to write back to allies and apologize for that language. the problem is it took gorbachev a while to say this, and he started pressing to have it in writing, but that is no longer an offer. when push comes to shove and there is actually a treaty negotiated, that treaty specifically allows nato to move across societies. >> you can listen to "q&a" and all of our podcasts on our free c-span now app. listen to c-span radio with our free mobile app, c-span now, get complete access to what is happening in washington wherever you are with live streams of floor proceedings and hearings from u.s. congress. the courts, campaigns, and more, plus analysis from the world of politics with our informat

gorbachev went on television to announce his resignation. his speech marked the end of the soviet union to doughty. yep. okay diane sawyer. awesome. he will loyce ideas to the i was washing water is you lived on july salem in samo coco in the span of just a few minutes. the soviet empire had become history and with it the communist, easton block, which had split postwar european to the red army long, revered for its victory over hitler's germany was also relegated to the history books by summer, 1945 world war 2 in europe had finally drawn too close, packed into crowded trains, nearly 9000000 soviet soldiers were heading home. one was anatoly gain a toulon we were children of 17 or 18 when we went to war. with no memory of her 1st love that might have sustained us in that nightmare. we were denied the care for years of youth of young adulthood. we all returned from the war as cripples. the red army had emerged victorious from the great patriotic wool. the returning soldiers believed they would be greeted as heroes. but in a country that had

mikhail gorbachev as the kremlin leader under the soviet union was concerned about the possibility that the breakup of the soviet union could lead to the separation of ukraine and russia, and he regarded that as fraught with all sorts of political and insecurity -- and security problems and he also warned against this. and putin has vented his anger over this many times over the last 15 to 20 years. so, would this have happened with crimea, what it have been annexed by the russians had the elected ukrainian president not been removed from power? i think probably not. i would not call that situation one where the united states deposed yana covid -- oppose -- deposed him, i think it was more complex than that. i think we would not be in a situation we were in today had the united states and europe approached the ukraine problem in a different way. we unfortunately have approached this like it is a tug-of-war geopolitically. between the west and russia over ukraine's fate, arguing that ukraine should be part of the west. and not part of the east. given the realities of the situation. the i

as part of his new political thinking, mikhail gorbachev invites us president ronald reagan to moscow for the occasion. ah, regan rejected this offer. his reason for refusal was his junction to the u. s. s. r's policy towards the greek catholic uni, a church and the orthodox auto selfless churches. ah, there was no doubt that such a stuff did not go unnoticed in ukraine. august 19th, 1991. the artist drew and moscow though my youngest brother, the mozilla, though at issue gorbachev was removed from power. most of the regional leaders in ukraine supported the initiators of the to the state committee on the state emergency. landed craft took, took a wait and see attitude without issuing any strong statements. 2 days later, the crew attempt failed friendships and pushed the declaration of state independence in the supreme soviet . the idea of miss visions to vassar and at the block of an estimate. so soon as you go, mr. ross, persona committal who in summer that you did without that may put into the pillow trust that just pamela simona from thus the image. oh, but i will just stick to th

as part of his new political thinking, mikhail gorbachev invites us president ronald reagan to moscow for the occasion. ah, regan rejected this offer. his reason for refusal was his objection to the u. s. s . r's policy towards the greek catholic uni, a church and the orthodox auto selfless churches. ah, there is no doubt that such as dom did not go in kristen, ukraine, lew. august 19th, 1991. the artist drew and moscow may despite the 0 edition. gorbachev was removed from power. most of the regional leaders in ukraine supported the initiators of the to the state committee on the state emergency landed craft took, took a wait and see attitude without issuing any strong statements. 2 days later, the 2 attempt failed friendships and pushed the declaration of state independence in the supreme soviet . the idea of miss visions, vassar and at the blob of anathema, we must have all my secret persona commercial, marie and sharma a good without that may put into the pillow trust us. my mother simona went thus to the image, which was super goes to fix one of the machine. yeah, another chess, s

gorbachev. >> join me in a round of applause for nancy reagan. [ applause ] okay, once in water. thank you. >> do you want some water? >> thank you. well, here we are, karl. us and a few friends. >> i was thinking something nobody i know has ever asked you, at least i've never seen it, written or published anywhere or on television, your mother was a very strong democrat. >> yes. >> and your father a republican. >> yes. well -- yes. my mother was a very strong democrat. my father really wasn't too interested in politics but leaned more to republicans. >> when you were younger, what were your politics or was it something that even interested you? >> didn't know one thing about it. not a thing. and when we got married, i didn't know anything about it. everything i learned i learned during our courtship and after we were married. obviously. >> so were you first -- were you a democrat when you -- >> i was nothing. i don't say that with pride because that was wrong. but young people in those days weren't as involved politically, and you should be, but, truth of it is, i wasn't. >> wel

well sarah mill tenuously, ronald reagan was in geneva, having this historic meeting with mikhail gorbachev. and i was done on the hill, working for pete mostly. and someone on the staff who worked with the defense department, i will be forever grateful, compact contacted -- you know how washington works -- pull some strings, i got a journalist [inaudible] from this reconnaissance flight into the storm. instead, you've got to be at mississippi, and you know, it hours. they flew out of, i think it's keesler air force base in biloxi. >> keesler, keesler. >> okay, anyway, it didn't end there. i got there. the law from, you sign a document, because [inaudible] training. so i was a neophyte. this draft you into the plane and converted c-130's, and the remarkable thing is, you were literally strapped in crosswise, and the side of the plane's glass. they'd been modified so you could sit there and really watch, watch the storm. you know? and they made four passes. you are in the storm eight hours, in the hurricane itself. you're in the air 14, 16 hours. but anyway, depending on how close it is to l

having his historic meeting with mikhail gorbachev. and i was then on the hill working for pete wilson. and someone on the staff who work with it it's department. um, i be forever grateful. contact paul, you know while washington works pulled some strings. and got a journalist bumped. oh from this air reconnaissance flight eight of the storm. and i said you but you're going to be in mississippi and you know eight hours. they flew out of a key swore. i think it's keith's work air force base biloxi keesler keesler, okay. anyway but but it didn't end there so i got there. you saw in your life away you sign a document because i've been through training. so i was a nephite they they strapped you into plane. they converted c-130s. and the remarkable thing is you are literally strapped in. crosswise and the side of the plane is glass. they've been modified so you could sit there and literally watch watch the storm. you know. and and they make four passes. you're in the storm eight hours. in the hurricane itself, you're in the air. 14 16 hours

as part of an early conversation the american secretary of state said to mikhail gorbachev how about you give your half of germany go and we agree that nato will not move 1 inch east toward. -- eastward. mcgill gorbachev said that sounds good, but nothing formal. george baker told this to his boss, george h.w. bush. they spoke very frankly to each other. president bush said to secretary baker [indiscernible]. if we leave nato frozen on this cold war line that means you have germany that is in one half of nato. we can figure out other ways to unify germany. i am president and i think it is important to maintain nato. i am paraphrasing, at exact quotation is in my book. one of the newest documents i found said baker had the courage to say sorry about the confusion. it took mcgill gorbachev while. that is no longer an offer. when push comes to shove, when there is actually a treaty negotiated, it changes moscow's willingness to let germany go. the treaty explicitly allowed nato to move eastward. it allows the opposite of what baker and gorbachev discussed in february. he not only takes

gorbachev was in making that deal but it's part of his character that we are so ingested to examine because the question is her son and in this particular case it was a vote things. many people say we heard jim baker say -- our politics are fundamentally different now than they were at this time and certainly he was able to make tough deals and he was smart about politics at the politics in the room and national politics. he couldn't overcome the structural shift in our democracy that allowed us to the situation we are in now. >> it's a get some of the controversies he is involved in. i'm going to read a list of five or six and you focus on what you think is the most interesting. there is the debate game where he's involved in. furley in the stealing of jimmy carter's debate briefing book and iran contract which may not have happened if reagan had appointed him as national security adviser. there is bush's pardons of caspar weinberger and others involved in the iran contra cover-up and the willie baker thing where baker enables and empowers lee atwater this political operator. and i

empire toward a different culprit, the new line of argument in the party is that soviet leaders like mikhail gorbachev and nick at that khruschchev simply lost their nerve to bolster the strength of the authoritarian system. the critique centers around gorbachev's policy of relaxing authoritarianism and fostering a more open political atmosphere. while the policy from the western perspective was a moment of triumph for the chinese it was a fatal mistake. and the main point of gorbachev's failure was his relaxation of the state's grip on information according to the chinese narrative. under gorbachev banned books returned to shelves, people living in the soviet union learned the truth about stalin's purges and criticism of the government was allowed. the chinese communist party sees this as the detrimental effect of opening up to the west, which according to beijing's narrative uses free flows of information to destabilize mighty communist regimes. and it's not just the new documentary as the "times" reports, chinese universities are organizing lectures tying the war in ukraine to russia's gr

and his multiple summits with mikhail gorbachev. where the man who had the man ronald reagan who had talked about the evil empire. reached an agreement and there in reykjavik hufti house? gorbachev and you remember in washington gets out and shakes hands on connecticut avenue. i mean unheard of for a soviet leader and finally in in red square, where a reporter asks reagan is this still the evil empire and he says no. no that was then this is now that was another time and another place and with that the cold war is effectively over. the next president that i covered as you know was as brilliant and hard-working and produced a handshake on the south lawn between yitzhakrabeen on the left and and yasser arafat i will tell just one little short. thing behind that greeting clinton got the two of them in the he told us this later. he got the two of them in the diplomatic reception room. just about to come out the south side of the white house for this event. and he said to both of them. i'm going to ask you to shake hands in front of thou

gorbachev was in making that deal. that's part of the character because the question is you know is at the moment or is it the person and in this particular case it was bothh things at many people say well politics are fundamentally different now than they were at that time and certainly he would be able to makels tough deals and was smart about politics both the politics hereou and national politics but even he couldn'tov under come -- overcome the structure that led to the situation we are now. senate lets discuss the controversies he was involved in. i'm going to read a list of five or six and you focus on what you think is most interesting. he's involved in the stealing of jimmy carter's debate books. there is iran-contra which might not have happened if reagan had been appointed as national security adviser. there is bush's pardons of casparar weinberger and others involved in the iran-contra cover-up read and the 1988 election and the whole willie horton thing where baker enables and empowers this political opera

that saying of course came from ronald reagan and mikhail gorbachev many years ago. i think there's recognition, even on putin's part, that making nuclear threats and saber-rattling is one thing in terms of trying to disrupt and demoralize and affect an adversary's calculations, like maybe the finnish and swedish parliaments. but it's another thing to actually use a nuclear weapon. the united states has a very strong nuclear deterrent. we just need to remind putin this is serious business and it can work both ways. >> thank you so much for the serious conversation on this holiday, robert bell, and your time on this special sunday. thank you, sir. >>> meantime, fruits and vegetables rotting in trucks at the southern border. how the texas governor made this nation's supply chain backlog worse. more on what was behind his sudden about-face, next. en abou. ♪ (ceo) ♪ i want today. ♪ ♪ i want tomorrow. ♪ (dispatch) ♪ i want it noooooow! ♪ (vo) get 5g that's ready right now. to help prevent bleeding gums, try saying hello gumwash with parodontax active gum hea

gorbachev was in making that deal . so that's part of this character that we're so interested to examine because the question is is it the moment or is it the person and in this particular case it almost certainly was both things. many people would say we needed jim baker today. the structures of politics are fundamentally different now than they were at that time . certainly he was able to make deals. he was just naturally i think smart about politics. so the politics in the room and national politics but even he couldn't overcome the structural shifts in our democracy that have led us to the situation we'rein now . >> let's possess some of the controversies he was involved in. i'm going to like read a list of five or six and you focus on what you think is most interesting. there's debate date where he's involved peripherally in the stealing of jimmy carter's debate briefing books. there's a ran contract which may not have happened if reagan had appointed him as national security advisor. there's bushes pardons of casp

-- mikhail gorbachev. the question was, what would be the shape of the post-cold war world with the soviet union collapsing? well, there were several visions. gorbachev's vision was what he called a common european home. from the atlantic, from lisbon all the way to vladivostok. no military blocs, mutual accommodation. this was an extension of a program of charles de gaulle in earlier years. that emmanuel macron has recently been pressing something similar, a common european home from the atlantic to the urals, incorporating russia within a european and maybe eurasian, peaceful system with no military blocs. that was one vision. the other one, and disco spec 50 or 60 years, the u.s. vision called atlantis, based on the atlantic alliance, based on nato and europe, which the u.s. dominates and controls. that is a dip -- that is a deep issue in world affairs that goes back to the second world war. will europe be subordinate to the united states? within the atlantis nato framework? or, will it move towards a e

secretary of state james baker told soviet leader mikhail gorbachev that nato would not expand eastward, not one inch. in the lead up to the russian invasion of ukraine, vladimir putin used those words to suggest that the u.s. and nato were not interested in peace and could not be trusted. sunday on "q&a," a history professor and author talked >> mary sarotte and her book sunday night on c-span's q&a. you can listen to q&a and our podcasts on our c-span no app. -- c-span now app. c-span now is a free mobile app live on on demand, keep up with the day's biggest events with live streams of floor proceedings and hearings from congress, white house events, the courts, and more from the world of politics, all at your fingertips. also stay current with the latest episodes of washington journal and find scheduling information for c-span's tv network and c-span radio plus a variety of podcasts. c-span now is available on t

gorbachev the germans let's ensure. helmet cole who were very extensively involved in this the question was what would be the shape of the post? cold war world with the soviet union collapsing well, then there were several visions. the gorbachev's vision was what he called a common european home. from the atlantic from lisbon all the way to letterville stuck no military blocks. common european home mutual accommodation this was actually an extension. of a program of tools to go in earlier years very brunt people no more macron recently has been pressing something similar a common european home from the atlantic to the euros. incorporating russia within a a european and maybe eurasian a peaceful system with no military blocks. that was one vision. the other one is this is goes back 50 or 60 years is the us vision called atlanticist. based on the atlantic alliance based on nato in europe which the us dominates and controls that's a deep issue in world affairs. goes back to the end of the second world war. will europe be?

secretary of state james baker told soviet leader mikhail gorbachev that nato would not expand eastward, not one inch. in the lead up to the russian invasion of ukraine, vladimir putin used those words to suggest the u.s. and nato were not interested in peace and could not be trusted. sunday, on q&a, a history professor and author of not one inch, talks about the 1990 comment and the impact nato expansion has had on u.s.-russia relations. >> one of the newest documents i found, recently declassified, shows they say sorry about that language, it is causing confusion, drop it. the problem is it took gorbachev a while to say this. and in the summer and fall of 1990, he starts pressing to get it in writing, but it was no longer an offer. when push comes to shove, when there's a treaty negotiated, that treaty specifically allows nato to move eastward across the former cold war faultlines. >> mary surratti and her book not one inch sunday on q&a. you can listen to q&a on our free c-span now app. now the congressional management foundation honors eight members of congress and staff for non-leg

gorbachev's position, visited and changed the sign around and said this was a soviet acrossty. it now looks like putin is threatening to demolish the memorial to these 22,000 murdered polish officers and in retaliation for alleged dismantling of soviet monuments in poland. my question to you is, this is obviously horrifically symbolic potential act that vladimir putin is threatening. is this something that you have confirmed? is this something that the polish government are reacting to? and what are your views on this? >>. >> well, that is an incredibly inciteful historic point you are make, ed, because the katin massacre where the top polish officers were taken and executed by the societies is incredibly resonating in poland at this time. this in the polish mind set was one of the worst crimes that was committed during world war ii. pictures from bucha, the pictures from the other areas in ukraine where victims have been found shot in the head with their hands tied behind their back is exactly as people pick what happened at katin. what happened there was soviet soldiers shot

mikhail gorbachev as the kremlin leader under the soviet union was concerned about the possibility that the breakup of the soviet union could lead to the separation of ukraine and russia, and he regarded that as fraught with all sorts of political and insecurity -- and security problems and he also warned against this. and putin has vented his anger over this many times over the last 15 to 20 years. so, would this have happened with crimea, what it have been annexed by the russians had the elected ukrainian president not been removed from power? i think probably not. i would not call that situation one where the united states deposed yana covid -- oppose -- deposed him, i think it was more complex than that. i think we would not be in a situation we were in today had the united states and europe approached the ukraine problem in a different way. we unfortunately have approached this like it is a tug-of-war geopolitically. between the west and russia over ukraine's fate, arguing that ukraine should be part of the west. and not part of the east. given the realities of the situation. the i