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.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger { display: block; } .icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger { fill: #fff; }.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: block; height: 4rem; font-size: 1.6rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: #ccc; cursor: pointer; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #999; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: none; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: #999; } .login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } .login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus { color: #fff; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button { transform: translateY(-.5rem); } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { background: transparent; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: inline; vertical-align: middle; } }.nav-search-1 input.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search { padding-top: 0; margin-right: .5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { position: relative; top: -5px; right: -3px; fill:; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 5rem; bottom: 0; left: 5rem; z-index: 3; padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem; border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search { display: none; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { background: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; margin: 0 .5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { height: 100%; padding: 0; margin-right: 0; -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 1rem; border-radius: 0.5rem; border: none; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } @keyframes fade-in-nav-search-1 { 0% { opacity: 0; } 100% { opacity: 1; } } .nav-search-1 .fade-in.nav-search { animation: fade-in-nav-search-1 .2s forwards; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { display: inline; width: 28px; height: 28px; vertical-align: -14px; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search path.nav-search { fill: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: block; position: static; padding: 1.2rem .2rem; background: transparent; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { width: 13rem; height: 2.8rem; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: reverse; -ms-flex-direction: row-reverse; flex-direction: row-reverse; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: calc(100% - 28px); height: 100%; padding-left: 0; font-size: 1.4rem; text-align: left; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { width: 28px; height: 28px; } }.media-button-1 a.media-button { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { display: inline-flex; width: 100%; padding: 0; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: left; background: transparent; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { outline: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: inline-block; padding: 0; font-weight: 400; color: #fff; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button { display: inline-flex; width: 42px; height: 42px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background-color: #333; border-radius: 1rem 0 0 1rem; } .media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #999; } .media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f00; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { width: auto; height: 5rem; color: #999; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { padding-right: 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: inherit; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: none; content: "web"; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button,.media-button-1 .more.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button { background: #474747; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background: transparent; } .media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #ffcd27; } .media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #faab3c; } .media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f1644b; } .media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #00adef; } .media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #9ecc4f; } .media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #aa99c9; } } @media (min-width: 1300px) { .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: inline; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button { display: none; } }.media-menu-1 { outline: none; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.media-menu { position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: -100vh; width: 100%; background-color: #222; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.media-menu { transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.open.media-menu { top: 100%; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { top: -100vh; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { position: relative; line-height: normal; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-menu-1 .media-menu.media-menu { display: inline-block; position: static; width: auto; height: 5rem; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.media-menu { transition-property: none; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.open.media-menu,.media-menu-1 .media-menu.tx-slide.closed.media-menu { top: 0; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { font-size: 0; } }.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 a.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus { outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { position: relative; display: -ms-grid; display: grid; height: 4rem; grid-template-areas: "hamburger empty search user"; -ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4.3rem 5rem; grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4.3rem 5rem; -ms-grid-rows: 100%; grid-template-rows: 100%; background: #222; border-bottom: 1px solid #333; } .primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; z-index: 2; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav { grid-column-start: hamburger-start; grid-column-end: user-end; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav { display: block; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; grid-area: hamburger; padding: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 3; grid-area: search; position: relative; padding: 0; z-index: 1; width: 100%; text-align: right; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav { fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .search-activated.primary-nav { position: relative; z-index: 3; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 4; grid-area: user; -ms-grid-row-align: stretch; align-self: stretch; -ms-grid-column-align: end; justify-self: end; } .primary-nav-1 .username.primary-nav { display: none; font-size: 1.3rem; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: uppercase; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { height: 100%; padding: .5rem 1rem; color: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: block; width: 30px; height: 30px; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .primary-nav-1 { ; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { display: block; z-index: 2; height: 5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { position: static; float: left; margin-top: 1rem; padding: 0 10px 0 13px; -webkit-transform: translate(0, 0); -ms-transform: translate(0, 0); transform: translate(0, 0); } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { margin-left: 1rem; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { float: right; padding-top: 1rem; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { padding-top: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { background: transparent; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: block; float: right; margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { width: 32px; height: 32px; vertical-align: middle; fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav { fill: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav { float: right; margin-left: 1rem; } .primary-nav-1 login-button.primary-nav { display: block; margin-right: 1rem; } } @media (min-width: 990px) { .primary-nav-1 .username.primary-nav { display: inline-block; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: inline; } }.search-menu-1 { ; } .search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus { outline-color: #428bca; outline-width: 0.16rem; outline-style: auto; } .search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu { position: absolute; top: -800px; right: 0; left: 0; z-index: 1; padding: 0 4.5rem; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; } .search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu { overflow: hidden; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { top: -800px; } .search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s; } .search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { top: 4rem; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem; display: block; } .search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu { text-decoration: none; color: #428bca; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu { overflow: visible; top: -400px; right: 2rem; left: auto; z-index: 5; padding: 1rem 2rem; transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; color: #333; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .15); } .search-menu-1 .search-menu.search-menu:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ""; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { opacity: 0; transition-duration: .2s; } .search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { top: 5.1rem; opacity: 1; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu { padding: 0; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu { padding-top: 7px; } .search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem 0 0 0; } }.media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav { display: block; width: 90px; height: 90px; margin: 0 auto 1rem auto; border-radius: 45px; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.8rem; } .media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { font-size: 1.6rem; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 1.5rem; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: space-evenly; -ms-flex-pack: space-evenly; justify-content: space-evenly; text-align: center; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: inline-block; width: 120px; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav { margin-left: 2rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: none; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-subnav-1 { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%; grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%; } .media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; grid-column: 1 / 4; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { display: none; } .media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { margin: 0 0 1rem 0; font-weight: 100; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { font-size: 1.3rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav { padding-bottom: .5rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 0; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { padding-top: 3.5rem; max-width: 160px; } .media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav { padding: 0 1.5rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 2; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: block; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%; grid-template-columns: 50% 50%; -ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7]; grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto); grid-column-gap: 3rem; grid-auto-flow: column; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 3; } }.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: none; position: absolute; top: 4rem; right: 0; left: 4rem; height: 368px; overflow-x: hidden; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; padding: 0; height: 368px; overflow-x: hidden; font-size: 1.4rem; background: #333; } .media-slider-1 .open.media-slider { display: block; } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { padding: 1rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: block; top: 0; left: 0; height: auto; overflow-x: visible; transform: translate(0, -100%); transition: transform .2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { left: 0; z-index: 1; height: auto; min-height: 21rem; background: #474747; transform: translate(0, -100%); transition: transform .2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 8rem); } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 0); } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { max-width: 1000px; padding: 1.5rem 0; margin: 0 auto; } }.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav { position: relative; z-index: 3; padding: .8rem 0; margin: 0; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; background: #333; } .desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav { display: inline-block; padding: 0 15px; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #aaa; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus { color: #fff; } .desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav { width: 16px; height: 16px; vertical-align: -4px; fill: #f00; }.signed-out-dropdown-1 { ; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { position: absolute; top: -1500px; right: 0; z-index: 1; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { top: -1500px; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { transition-duration: 0.5s; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { top: 4rem; max-width: 100vw; overflow: auto; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.6rem 2rem; margin: 0; font-size: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; max-height: calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px); overflow: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { margin: .5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { display: block; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; padding: 1rem 2rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { font-size: .8em; color: #999; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { overflow: visible; top: calc(100% + 7px); left: auto; z-index: 5; transition: opacity .2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .15); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ""; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { display: none; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { max-height: calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { border-bottom-color: #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown { padding: .5rem 2rem; color: #333; transition: background .1s ease-out, color .1s ease-out; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { padding: .5rem 2rem; font-size: .8em; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus { color: #fff; 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palmerston_1701.jpg

palmerston_1701_itemimage.jpg

Life of Viscount Palmerston

by: Lloyd Charles Sanders

Publication date: 2017-01-04

Usage: Public Domain Mark 1.0

Topics: librivox, audiobooks, Crimean War, napoleon iii, don pacifico, viscount palmerston, henry john temple, belgian independence, turkish empire, louis philippe

LibriVox recording of Life of Viscount Palmerston by Lloyd Charles Sanders.
Read in English by Pamela Nagami.

This is a short life of Henry John Temple (1784-1865), Third Viscount Palmerston, Great Britain's affable, able, and always available Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary, and Prime Minister. Sanders writes that by 1841 Palmerston "had raised the prestige of England throughout Europe to a height which it had not occupied since Waterloo. He created Belgium, saved Portugal and Spain from absolutism, rescued Turkey from Russia, and the highway to India from France." (Pamela Nagami)

For further information, including links to online text, reader information, RSS feeds, CD cover or other formats (if available), please go to the LibriVox catalog page for this recording. For more free audio books or to become a volunteer reader, visit LibriVox.org.

M4B Audiobook 01-15 (138MB) M4B Audiobook 16-30 (100MB)

Addeddate: 2017-01-04 02:01:44

External_metadata_update: 2019-03-09T16:46:28Z

Identifier: viscountpalmerston_1701_librivox

Identifier-storj: jvexh2wdmijgvecca2gdtr5lyl3q/archive.org/viscountpalmerston_1701_librivox

Ocr: ABBYY FineReader 11.0

Ocr_converted: abbyy-to-hocr 1.1.11

Ocr_module_version: 0.0.14

Ppi: 600

Run time: 8:38:21

Year: 2017

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28.9M

01 - Ch. 1: Lord Palmerston and Toryism. 1807-1830, Pt. 1

29.5M

02 - Ch. 1: Lord Palmerston and Toryism. 1807-1830, Pt. 2

18.4M

03 - Ch. 2: Belgian Independence. 1830-1833, Pt. 1

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04 - Ch. 2: Belgian Independence. 1830-1833, Pt. 2

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05 - Ch. 3: The Quadruple Alliance. 1830-1838, Pt. 1

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06 - Ch. 3: The Quadruple Alliance. 1830-1838, Pt. 2

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07 - Ch. 4: The Quadrilateral Alliance. 1831-1841, Pt. 1

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08 - Ch. 4: The Quadrilateral Alliance. 1831-1841, Pt. 2

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09 - Ch. 5: Aberdeen at the Foreign Office. 1841-1846, Pt. 1

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10 - Ch. 5: Aberdeen at the Foreign Office. 1841-1846, Pt. 2

8.4M

11 - Ch. 6: The Spanish Marriages. 1846, Pt. 1

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12 - Ch. 6: The Spanish Marriages. 1846, Pt. 2

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13 - Ch. 7: Years of Revolution. 1846-1849, Pt. 1

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14 - Ch. 7: Years of Revolution. 1846-1849, Pt. 2

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15 - Ch. 8: Palmerston and the Court. 1849-1852, Pt. 1

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16 - Ch. 8: Palmerston and the Court. 1849-1852, Pt. 2

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17 - Ch. 9: The Aberdeen Ministry. 1852-1855, Pt. 1

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18 - Ch. 9: The Aberdeen Ministry. 1852-1855, Pt. 2

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19 - Ch. 10: The Conclusion of the Russian War. 1855-1856, Pt. 1

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20 - Ch. 10: The Conclusion of the Russian War. 1855-1856, Pt. 2

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21 - Ch. 11: Wars and Rumours of Wars. 1856-1859, Pt. 1

14.5M

22 - Ch. 11: Wars and Rumours of Wars. 1856-1859, Pt. 2

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23 - Ch. 12: Lord Palmerston and Italy. 1848-1861, Pt. 1

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24 - Ch. 12: Lord Palmerston and Italy. 1848-1861, Pt. 2

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25 - Ch. 13: Home Affairs. 1859-1865, Pt. 1

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26 - Ch. 13: Home Affairs. 1859-1865, Pt. 2

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27 - Ch. 14: France and the United States. 1860-1863, Pt. 1

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29 - Ch. 15: Poland and Schleswig-Holstein. 1863-1865, Pt. 1

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14.8M

02 - Ch. 1: Lord Palmerston and Toryism. 1807-1830, Pt. 2

9.3M

03 - Ch. 2: Belgian Independence. 1830-1833, Pt. 1

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11 - Ch. 6: The Spanish Marriages. 1846, Pt. 1

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13 - Ch. 7: Years of Revolution. 1846-1849, Pt. 1

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17 - Ch. 9: The Aberdeen Ministry. 1852-1855, Pt. 1

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18 - Ch. 9: The Aberdeen Ministry. 1852-1855, Pt. 2

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19 - Ch. 10: The Conclusion of the Russian War. 1855-1856, Pt. 1

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21 - Ch. 11: Wars and Rumours of Wars. 1856-1859, Pt. 1

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23 - Ch. 12: Lord Palmerston and Italy. 1848-1861, Pt. 1

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25.9M

01 - Ch. 1: Lord Palmerston and Toryism. 1807-1830, Pt. 1

26.4M

02 - Ch. 1: Lord Palmerston and Toryism. 1807-1830, Pt. 2

16.5M

03 - Ch. 2: Belgian Independence. 1830-1833, Pt. 1

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