In 1982, the Houston Community College System (HCCS) initiated a marketing study designed to identify the education and training needs of the business community in relation to the community college's newly implemented program of professional development seminars. Through a telephone survey of 127 Houston area companies employing 100 or more people, the study sought to: (1) identify major companies which could be potential users of the professional development seminars; (2) determine the image...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Community Surveys, Educational Needs, Employer Attitudes,...
The extent to which U.S. colleges and universities contribute to the fulfillment of students' lives is discussed by Secretary of Education William Bennett in an address to Harvard University. Secretary Bennett's observations are based on his experiences as a law student, freshman proctor, and tutor at Harvard University, as well as his subsequent experiences at other colleges and universities, including teaching at six institutions. He believes that there is a gap between the rhetoric and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Freedom, College Curriculum, College Role, Core Curriculum, Educational...
The focus of education today is on producing graduates who can function competently in the real life work situation, thus challenging teachers to produce students who are self-directed and self-motivated lifelong learners. The clinical contract is an effective learning strategy in aiding students to become more self-directed and confident. In using a contract, the teacher becomes a facilitator focusing on what the student needs to learn rather than on what is to be taught. The teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Andragogy, Competency Based Education, Evaluation Criteria, Grades (Scholastic),...
Five models of independent learning are suitable for use in adult education programs. The common factor is a facilitator who works in some way with the student in the learning process. They display different characteristics, including the extent of independence in relation to content and/or process. Nondirective tutorial instruction and learning contracts provide two alternative approaches to classes for one-to-one teaching. The nondirective model works when students do not have a clear focus...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Programs, Competency Based Education, Group Instruction,...
A survey of the states' efforts to initiate alcohol and drug abuse prevention education programs in local school districts found that: (1) almost without exception, alcohol and drug abuse prevention education is part of the health education curriculum; (2) more than half of the states require local school districts to offer comprehensive K-12 substance abuse prevention programs, with choice of curriculum, implementation, and program design left to local school districts; (3) most states do not...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alcohol Education, Drug Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Health Education,...
This document contains 16 speeches and small group presentations given at a conference that focused on the needs for health care in the future. The following papers are included: "Cost Containment" (Thomas D. Hatch); "Educational Issues for Tomorrow's Health Occupations--Advanced Technology" (Rex Montgomery); "Mental Health Curricula Content in the Preparation of Technical and Vocational Health Care Providers in Long Term Care Facilities" (Mary S. Harper);...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Allied Health Occupations Education, Articulation (Education),...
A study of code-switching in a group of 35 Spanish-English bilingual third-graders is reported. The students' diary journal entries and writing assignments based on previous classwork are examined. Retelling of stories previously told by the teacher and the journal entries helped identify the kind of language used by students, the code-switching differences in oral versus written language, and the relationship of code-switching to the type or purpose of the writing. The study found evidence of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Child Language, Code Switching (Language),...
A discussion of the academic alliance movement in foreign languages, in which regional and local groups are formed for the support and promotion of language teachers and programs, is presented. The first section presents a brief general history of the movement, describes the development of the Ohio Valley Foreign Language Alliance at Ohio University, and gives some suggestions about the mechanics of creating an alliance group. The second section supplies examples of the benefits of alliance...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, Cooperative Planning, Educational Improvement, Educational Trends,...
To meet the need for educational audiologists in Hawaii schools, a cooperative program was designed to establish an educational audiology component in the existing speech-language pathology program at the University of Hawaii. Planned by the University of Hawaii, the Hawaii Department of Education, and the State Education Agency, the Hawaii-based program was needed because of the acute shortage of educational audiologists coupled with the difficulty of recruiting on the mainland. The primary...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Personnel, Audiology, Auditory Evaluation, College Curriculum, College...
The following papers (with authors and respondents) were presented at the annual conference of the South Atlantic Philosophy of Education Society: (1) "Teaching Critical Thinking through the Disciplines: Content Versus Process" (John E. McPeck) Respondent--Kingsley Price; (2) "Philosophy for Children and the Critical Thinking Movement" (Robert J. Mulvaney) Respondent--John B. Haynes; (3) "Theoretic Education" (Virgil Ward) Respondent--Ernest Marshal; (4) "A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cognitive Processes, Comprehension, Critical Thinking, Educational Philosophy, Higher...
This document presents findings of an evaluation of the Gifted and Talented (G/T) Program serving 860 elementary and secondary school students in the Des Moines (Iowa) Independent Community School District. The evaluation was based on a questionnaire approach designed to gather data from program participants and building coordinators. Comments summarizing the evaluation results included the following: the Central Academy appeared to be a valuable experience for the students involved; specific...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgets, Elementary Education, Expenditures, Gifted, Program Descriptions, Program...
True "liberal learning" often occurs far from our campuses and direct influence. The Ladakhi, a non-western culture located between Tibet, China, and Pakistan, passed on "liberal learning" as part of its communal experience. The Ladakhis were wealthy, self-sufficient, lived in roomy houses, had zero "gross national product," no crime, and much leisure. After other cultures converged on the Ladakhis, many changes took place. Western schools were built with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Development, Experiential Learning, Foreign Countries, Higher Education,...
This paper describes the U.S. experience in providing vocational training to the low-literate. Chapter I presents an overview of the problem. It discusses the changing nature of work, the workplace, the worker, and vocational training itself. Chapter II describes the U.S. experience in the training of low-literates. The approaches, methods, and techniques developed in the United States to train individuals with low literacy levels (ILLLs) are examined. They include the "functional...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Literacy, Adult Vocational Education, Developed Nations, Educational...
The mission of the North Carolina Arts Council is to enrich cultural life and to nurture and support excellence in the arts. The professional staff provides services to artists, art organizations, and supporters of the arts. The council offers grant assistance for specific activities by funding programs designed to support particular groups of artists. Community development, salary assistance, scholarship, innovative, and management support programs are described. In addition, descriptions of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art, Art Education, Artists, Arts Centers, Creative Art, Educational Finance,...
This report provides information on how 1985 high school graduates in the Los Angeles Unified School District plan to use their high school education and how they perceive the effectiveness of their high school programs. The data were gathered from 18,598 seniors in their last two weeks of high school (a response rate of 63%). Survey forms were filled out at school under staff supervision. Questions were divided into three general categories: background information on the student; plans for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aspiration, Attitude Measures, Data Collection, Educational Quality, Grade 12,...
This statistical report provides a summary of the characteristics of the 2424 young people committed to residential programs of the New York State Division for Youth during 1985. It provides information on the patterns in individual and regional placement. The data are presented in such a way that comparisons can be made across years. A summary of findings and 49 tables of statistics include information on the following variables: (1) racial and ethnic group membership; (2) classification of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Crime, Delinquency, Delinquent Rehabilitation, Demography, Differences,...
The paper examines several statements often considered to be basic recommendations emerging from recent research on effective teaching. Each statement is examined in terms of what is known about the effect of context on the particular recommendation. Statements examined are the following: (1) Teachers who set and communicate high expectations to all their students obtain greater academic performance from those students than teachers who set low expectations; (2) Student achievement rises when...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Techniques, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education,...
This manual is intended for use by Peace Corps staff members and/or trainers contracted to facilitate the close of service (COS) workshop, the purpose of which is to help volunteers make the transition from the host country back to the United States. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the COS workshop. Chapter 2 is a trainer reference. It helps the trainer to become familiar with the content, structure, and style of the manual and offers guidelines on how to prepare oneself for the role. It also...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Career Change, Career Education, Career Planning, Economic...
A retention taskforce was established at Sinclair Community College (SCC) in Ohio to develop a plan to increase student retention. The 24-member taskforce, representing key areas within the college, worked for 15 months to prepare the plan. The plan was designed to be comprehensive, touching upon all points where the students interact with the institution and encompassing the whole continuum of experiences that students face throughout college. The plan's retention model contains four distinct...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Persistence, College Planning, Community Colleges, Dropout Prevention,...
The study examined how the coping behaviors and achievement motivation of 181 athletes (aged 18-66) with cerebral palsy or other physical disabilities influence participation in the normalized activity of competitive sport. The project examined the following cognitive aspects of performance: (1) reasons for becoming involved in sports; (2) how the athletes define personal success or failure in sports; (3) how athletes explain winning and losing performances; (4) how athletes cope with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Athletes, Athletics, Attitudes, Cerebral Palsy, Cognitive Processes,...
Small and rural schools can use the new technologies of distance education to broaden curricular offerings while facing low student enrollments and increased costs. Courses offered via audio teleconferencing permit live teacher/student interaction and often use videotape as well as two-way audio components. Programs from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Eastern Montana State University, and the University of Wyoming are examples of audio teleconferencing. Microcomputer linking via regular...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Networks, Computer Uses in Education, Curriculum Enrichment, Distance...
This study was designed to investigate relationships between student characteristics and changes during student teaching in anxieties, attitudes, and concerns about teaching. The subjects were three groups of students: 151 beginning student teaching, 162 completing student teaching, and a subset of 81 for whom both pre- and post-student teaching measurements were available. Less anxiety about teaching and less concern about survival was reported following student teaching. Attitude towards...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Higher Education, Preservice Teacher Education, Self Concept,...
This report presents recommendations made by the Minnesota Higher Education Coordinating Board task force on improvement of teacher education programs and curriculum. Chapter one provides the background necessary to understand the origin of the report. The second chapter presents a forecast of future social, economic and political trends, and their impacts and implications for teacher education. Chapter three describes possible changes in staffing patterns, school organization, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Preservice Teacher Education, Program Development, Program...
"Lifelong learning" often has the connotation of "lifelong schooling," an activity planned and organized by specialists for others. In contrast, "lifelong learning" can be understood as the description of a continuous life process, including not only formal and self-directed intentional learning, but also unintentional, but nevertheless important and effective learning. Adult educators must face the reality of this learning and widen their concept of learning....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Students, Attitude Change, Educational Attitudes, Informal...
Upward mobility in the field of community college administration is affected by factors such as educational and social preparation, professional experience, the vita or resume, and an individual's preparation for a job opportunity. For most community college presidencies, a doctorate from an accredited, preferably non-experiential, institution is required, and selection committees are always going to look for some academic work in the community college. In terms of social preparation,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Qualifications, Administrators, Career...
After 20 years, the "green revolution" is generally referred to as a milestone in the international agricultural movement. The introduction of new varieties of wheat and rice, along with fertilizers, pesticides, and mechanized farm equipment has produced a dramatic increase in world food production. This paper assesses the successes of the green revolution in light of its effect upon third world countries. It cautions that the revolutionary gains in agricultural production have not...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Production, Agricultural Trends, Agriculture, Appropriate Technology,...
Drawing on philosophy, curriculum theory, and studies of teacher education, this paper aims to reconstruct the implementation question in teacher thinking research. To exemplify the argument and show what is entailed in curriculum deliberation for teaching teachers, the paper examines a particular study of teacher thinking, Dan C. Lortie's "Schoolteacher," and a specific occasion for educating teachers, the "social foundations" course that is a part of American teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Critical Thinking, Curriculum Development, Educational Research, Higher Education,...
The user of the Vocational Interest Survey (VIS) has available a number of interpretative approaches at various descriptive and qualitative levels. This report provides a brief outline of the various approaches. Whenever all six scales of the VIS are administered, the client's total score on all six scales should be within the average range. The average total score is 54. Fifty percent of all clients range from 26 to 72. The clients' highest scores determine their resemblance to one of the six...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Careers, Foreign Countries, High Schools, Interest Inventories, Occupations,...
A type of item used frequently in standardized testing involves the recognition of a sentence. Examples of such items are the sentence completion items, used in both the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and the sentence correction items used in the Test of Standard Written English. Tests that contain such items are constructed by a laborious process which, remarkably, does not involve at any point a detailed analysis of the semantic or syntactic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Difficulty Level, Higher Education, Language Processing, Linguistic Difficulty...
The article conceptualizes case management in the context of the health service delivery system as a set of goal-oriented activities which organize, coordinate, and monitor service delivery based on measurable objectives intended to meet the needs of chronically ill children and their families. The functions, objectives, and procedures associated with comprehensive case management are identified, and the facilitative role played by the case manager is described. The functional elements of case...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advocacy, Caregiver Training, Child Caregivers, Delivery Systems, Diseases, Health...
An extensive literature exists on what makes good teachers, focusing on their characteristics, their behaviors in the classroom, and the effects they have on their students. This literature points to three groups as being currently involved in defining good teachers: students, who, as research demonstrates, are reliable observers, fair and unbiased raters, and capable of describing the characteristics and behaviors of good teachers; external judges assessing student outcomes as the measure of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, Community Colleges, Educational Innovation, Educational Quality,...
Defining calibration of comprehension as the correlation between subjective assessments of knowledge gained from reading and performance on an objective test, this paper draws from literature, as well as the findings of original experiments, to examine issues related to the subject . The paper first documents the claim that poor calibration is the rule rather than the exception, and that poor calibration is also typical in at least one other domain, problem solving. It suggests that the high...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Evaluation Criteria, Higher Education, Learning Processes, Learning Strategies,...
In winter 1985, a survey of all California community colleges was conducted to identify and describe the types of programs and services provided by the colleges to students with developmental disabilities (DD). Questionnaires mailed to all 106 community colleges yielded a 100% response rate. Study findings included the following: (1) 44% of the colleges operated formal programs for the developmentally disabled, and 31% provided informal services for the DD students; (2) the total DD student...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Developmental Disabilities, Diagnostic Tests, Educational...
In fall 1985, a survey was conducted of 362 full-time faculty and senior-level administrators at the 30 State University of New York (SUNY) community colleges to determine faculty and administrator preferences with respect to four institutional directions and seven images for the SUNY community colleges in general and for their institution in particular. The directions assessed were "academically oriented two-year college,""community-based learning...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, College Role, Community Colleges, Educational Trends,...
The workshop is the most convenient and frequent means of inservice education. The purposes and types of social studies inservice workshops are examined, guidelines for effective planning and implementation are provided, and helpful hints and areas of caution designed to assist in conducting successful workshops are suggested. Six typical formats of social studies workshops are noted: (1) curriculum development, revision, and improvement; (2) awareness and/or dissemination of social studies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Conferences, Curriculum Development, Evaluation, Higher...
Many factors make it difficult to identify a teacher formally as incompetent and to act on that identification once it is made. These factors include time constraints, bureaucratic requirements, and reluctance to face emotional stress. Once a poor teacher is identified, efforts are rarely made to help the teacher improve. Unsatisfactory performance can be found in any of several aspects of a teacher's job, including subject area knowledge, ability to impart that knowledge, ability to maintain...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Competence, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Faculty Development,...
Several models for improving school effectiveness are now available, and most of them highlight the principal's leadership role. Unfortunately, administrators do not regularly reflect on the important aspects of their professional roles or analyze the factors that may make it difficult for them to implement given models of effectiveness in their particular settings. This paper proposes a model for self-appraisal by principals. Principals should first review the research literature on competing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Leadership, Models, Principals, Questionnaires, School...
This brief report considers implications for states of the major reports on teacher education. Recommendations are highlighted from the Southern Regional Education Board's report "Improving Teacher Education: An Agenda for Higher Education and the Schools" and compared to recommendations in reports from the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education ("A Call for Change in Teacher Education"), the Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy ("A Nation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College School Cooperation, Educational Change, Government Role, Higher Education,...
This paper analyzes the major national plans for preservation programs in the United States from 1954 to 1985 and shows the extent to which aspects of these plans have been achieved by academic libraries. Plans presented to and commissioned by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) between 1954 and 1972 are examined; the formation of the Research Libraries Group (RLG) is discussed and major documents related to its purpose and its preservation program are analyzed; and the evolution of a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Libraries, Books, Cooperative Programs, Financial Needs, Higher Education,...
Imagination is central to our ability to understand reality. Parents and teachers should foster creative processes which facilitate the development of imagination in children. Expensive equipment or artistic expertise is not necessary to help children develop their imaginations. Instead, it is more important for teachers to allow children the time to indulge in the creative process. Suggestions for helping create an effective art environment are given. First, allow children to help plan...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Activities, Art Education, Art Expression, Childrens Art, Classroom Environment,...
Adult day care, a community-based group program designed to meet the needs of functionally impaired adults through an individual plan of care, is being considered by many communities seeking care options for their most frail and functionally impaired adults. In 1969 there were only a dozen adult day care centers in the United States, today there are over 1,400 centers. In 1979, the National Institute on Adult Daycare (NIAD) was established as a National Council on the Aging (NCOA) professional...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accreditation (Institutions), Adult Day Care, Client Characteristics (Human...
Minnesota has adopted a financial policy that takes into account the increasing pressure to finance postsecondary education. The policy increases the price of college through increased tuition, while at the same time targeting sufficient financial aid to ensure educational opportunity for financially needy students. In practical terms, this "market rationalization model" (higher tuitions offset with higher financial aid) may enhance educational opportunity more effectively than the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Climate, Financial Policy, Financial Problems, Higher Education, Public...
Numerous scientific investigations show that air inside office buildings and residences can be contaminated by a large variety of toxic contaminants, some in concentrations sufficient to adversely affect the health of those exposed. The internal building environment of new or recently remodeled buildings may be responsible for illnesses sometimes referred to as "tight building syndrome" or "sick building syndrome." This guide to the literature on indoor air pollution is not...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Air Pollution, Books, Buildings, Citations (References), Environmental Education,...
The distinction between core and peripheral grammar made in government-binding theory sheds light on some questions concerning the acquisition of the inflectional morphology of different languages. The schedule for acquisition of the inflectional system may be determined not by the learning of particular affixes but by whether inflection is a core or peripheral property of the grammar being acquired. There is a striking difference between languages concerning this property. This would explain...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Sign Language, Contrastive Linguistics, English, Grammar, Hebrew, Italian,...
Many feel that emotional intensity or attitude toward science and science teaching influences the teaching of science. As a means for changing attitude toward science and science teaching, preservice science education and inservice science education have been recommended. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a yearlong inservice science workshop on the attitudes of elementary teachers toward science and science teaching. The Science Attitude Scale for In-Service Elementary...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Change Strategies, College Science, Educational Research, Elementary...
This guide is designed to help people of all ages set up a budget and manage their money. It is organized in three sections: the Principles of Managing Your Finances, Financial Tools Used in Money Management, and Coping with Change. Section 1 consists of three chapters. The first chapter introduces the money management process, discusses goal setting, and provides tools to evaluate one's current situation and net worth. Chapter 2 takes the reader through the budgeting process and provides tips...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Budgeting, Consumer Education, Credit (Finance), Family Financial...
A series of five writing assignments that focus on the critical thinking skills needed for the intelligent reading of political articles that appear in newspapers and popular magazines was developed for use in a political science course at Oakton Community College (Illinois). Each of the assignments begins with a lesson that teaches the specific skills to be used in the reading/writing assignment: (1) distinguishing fact from opinion; (2) determining the author's point of view and how it...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Assignments, Critical Thinking, Political Science, Reading Processes, Skill...
This booklet contains a 15-question rating form that provides some guidance to older drivers in beginning to assess their driving skills. The pages following the self-rating form discuss the various questions on the form. After a general introduction, the discussion is divided into five areas that traffic safety authorities have judged critical to safe performance: driving habits, physical conditions, emotions, health habits, and driving records and other indicators. The discussion is organized...
Topics: ERIC Archive, ERIC, Malfetti, James L. Winter, Darlene J. Adult Education, Driver Education, Middle...
Having students compile annotated bibliographies can promote collaborative learning. For example, when a class on writing across the curriculum was asked to survey the writing emphasis of courses in various departments at the University of Arizona, cooperation and collaboration were integral to the overall project. Students had individual responsibilities but were aware of what the others were doing, so that articles in a discipline other than their assigned one were passed on to the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Content Area Writing, Cooperation, Graduate Students,...
The study compared perceptions of high school and college faculty regarding the characteristics and preparatory needs of secondary learning disabled (LD) students. The analysis was based on a survey of 288 high school teachers (246 regular and 42 special education) and 82 college teachers. Separate factor analyses identified three academic factors (reading strategies, organizational skills, test-taking skills) and two social factors (interpersonal skills and self-sufficiency) considered...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Cognitive Processes, College Faculty, College Preparation,...
