2 50 1645854622 9 IJASRJUN 202209.pdf 1

International Journal of Agricultural
Science and Research (IJASR)

ISSN (P): 2250-0057; ISSN (E): 2321-0087
Vol. 12, Issue 1, Jun 2022, 87-96
Journal Publications + Research Consultancy

© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AMONG YIELD COMPONENT CHARACTERS AND
WITH SEED YIELD IN GREENGRAM (VIGNA RADIATA(L.) WILCZEK)
GIDDALURU PAVAN*, G. R. LAVANYA & PRITHVI RAJ SINGH P

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini,

Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, Indi

ABSTRACT

The present investigation consists of 20 genotypes of greengram, which were grown in the Field Experimentation
Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Kharif,2019, following RBD
with three replications. The data was collected on 11 characters in order to investigate genetic variation and character
association. IC-314674, followed by BM-2002-1, and PM-6, were recognised as desirable genotypes for seed yield per
plant based on mean performance. Seed yield per plant and harvest index both had high GCV. Harvest index and
quantity of pods per plant both showed high PCV. Seed yield per plant and pod length had high heritability estimates,
while a number of clusters per plant, plant height, harvest index, number of pods per plant, biological yield, days to
50% flowering, and number of seeds per pod had moderate heritability. The number of primary branches and seed
index had low heritability. Traits having a high heritability and a high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean
are thought to be regulated by additive gene action, with equal contributions from additive and non-additive gene
activity. Harvest index, seed index, number of clusters per plant, and number of pods per plant all exhibited a highly
significant positive relationship with seed yield per plant. Days to 50% flowering, number of major branches per plant,
number of clusters per plant, and number of pods per plant all had positive direct effects on grain output. As a result,
these features could be employed as a viable selection indicator for greengram yield improvement by selective

breeding.

KEYWORDS: Greengram GCV, PCV, Heritability, Variability, Genetic Advance, Correlation & Path Analysis

Received: Nov 04, 2021; Accepted: Nov 24, 2021; Published: Feb 21, 2022; Paper Id.: TASRJUN202209
INTRODUCTION

Greengram (Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek, (2n=22, genome size of 579 Mb) Phaseolus aureus Roxb.,
Phaseolusradiatus L.) is one of India's thirteen edible legumes and the country's third most important pulse crop
after chickpea and pigeon pea. It is a valuable short-term grain legume and a low-cost source of nutritional protein
for low-income populations. Aside from their great nutritional content, they have the unique ability to maintain and
restore soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation and the addition of organic matter to the soil through leaf
drop, which is very beneficial for subsistence agriculture. Greengram is produced on an area of 3.44 million
hectares in India, with a total yield of 1.42 million tonnes and an average productivity of 638.98 kg/ha. Orissa,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh are
important greengram farming states in India (Indiastat.com 2018-2019). Mungbean productivity is low, as is the
case with other pulse crops. Mungbean is a pulse crop, and pulses have become the focus of agricultural policy
planning in recent years, particularly as a result of their rising prices, the draining of valuable foreign exchange in

imports to cover the shortfall, and the long-term effects of cereal-based cropping systems on soil health, declining

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88 Giddaluru Pavan*, G. R. Lavanya & Prithvi Raj Singh P

productivity, and long-term farming system sustainability. To meet the pulses demand, the National Food Security Mission

expects a 4% increase in pulse production.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 20 Greengram genotype accessions were gathered from the Indian Institute of Pulse Research in Kanpur for
this study (Uttar Pradesh). Three replications are used to evaluate the accessions using the randomised block design
(RBD). During Kharif 2019, researchers conducted research at the Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of
Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and
Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad) (U.P.). The current study aims to determine the degree of genetic variability,
heritability, genetic progress, yield contributing components, as well as direct and indirect effects on Greengram
accessions. Plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per
plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, seed index (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (percent),

and seed yield per plant were among the 11 features reported (g).
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

A comparison of 20 greengram genotypes revealed that the IC-314674 genotype had the highest seed yield per plant (7.43),
seed index (2.90), number of seeds per pod (9.65), and number of pods per plant (17.46), followed by BM-2002-1 (7.40)
and PM-6 (7.40). (7.22).

For all of the traits, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV)
are not very high. Seed yield per plant (15.52), harvest index (13.75), number of clusters per plant (12.03), and number of
pods per plant (11.66) had moderate GCV estimates, while pod length (8.07), number of primary branches (7.83), number
of seeds per pod (7.52), biological yield (6.80), plant height (4.97), seed index (4.04), and days to 50% flowering had low
GCV estimates (3.59).

Harvesting index (20.91), number of pods per plant (18.44), seed yield per plant (17.13), number of clusters per
plant (16.00), number of primary branches (14.30), number of seeds per pod (13.45), biological yield (11.71), and pod
length (10.10) all had moderate PCV estimates, while seed index (8.46), plant height (7.38), and days to 50% flowering all
had low PCV estimates (6.21).

High (>60 percent) Seed yield per plant (79.00), pod length (63.74), and moderate (30-60 percent) for number of
clusters per plant (56.58), plant height (45.28), harvest index (43.19), number of pods per plant (39.98), biological yield
(33.68), days to 50% flowering (33.39), number of seeds per pod (31.26), and low (30 percent) for number of primary
branches (29.96) and seed index (22.77).

For the first time, a high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was reported. Seed yield per plant (27.87
percent), number of clusters per plant (18.65 percent), harvesting index (18.61 percent), and number of pods per plant
(15.18 percent) had the highest genetic advance as a percent of mean, while pod length (13.27 percent), number of primary
branches per plant (8.83 percent), number of seeds per pod (8.66 percent), biological yield (8.13 percent), and plant height

(6.13 percent) had moderate genetic grain (3.97 percent ).

Seed yield per plant exhibited a significantly significant positive link with harvest index (0.919**), number of

clusters per plant (0.390**), number of pods per plant (0.346**), and number of seeds per pod (0.332**) in a genotypic

Impact Factor (JCC): 9.1583 NAAS Rating: 4.13

Character Association among Yield Component Characters 89
and with Seed Yield in Greengram (Vigna Radiata(L.) Wilczek)

correlation coefficient study.

Seed yield per plant exhibited a significantly significant positive relationship with harvest index (0.739**),
number of pods per plant (0.369**), seed index (0.368**), number of clusters per plant (0.357**), and number of seeds per

pod (0.337**) according to phenotypic correlation coefficient analysis.

Days to 50% flowering, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, and pod length were found to
have a positive and direct effect on seed yield, whereas plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of

seeds per pod, seed index, biological yield, and harvest index had a negative direct effect on seed yield per plant.

Days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, biological yield, and
harvesting index all had a positive and direct effect on seed yield, while plant height, pod length, number of seeds per pod,

and seed index all had a negative direct effect on seed yield per plant, according to phenotypic path coefficient analysis.
CONCLUSIONS

The genotypeIC-3 14674 was determined to be the most desired genotype, with the highest grain yield and harvest index. In
the genotypes that were analysed, there was a lot of variation. Harvest index, number of seeds per pod, and number of
clusters per plant all exhibited a strong and positive association with seed yield per plant. Days to 50% blooming and pod
length both had significant positive direct effects on seed output. As a result, selection on these features can be used to

boost greengram yield.
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Table 1: Analysis of Variance for 11 Quantitative Characters in Greengram

Mean Sum of Squares
S. No Characters Replications | Treatments Error
(d. f=02) (d. f=19) (d. f=38)

1 Days to 50% flowering 15.65 9.84%* 3.93
2 Plant Height 50.96 48.12** 13.82
3 No. of primary branches 0.49 0.29% 0.13
4 No. of cluster per plant 11.77 2557" 0.44
5 No. of pods per plant 2.06 16.23** 5.41
6 Pod length 0.81 1:3:7** 0.22
7 No. seeds per pod 3.81 3.16* 1.34
8 seed index 0.06 0.10* 0.05
9 Biological yield 10.44 6.61** 2.62
10 Harvesting index 71.98 104.78** 20.74
11 seed yield per plant 0.06 2.62** 0.21

*5% of significance ** 1% of significance

Table 2: Estimates of Genetic Variability Parameters for Different Quantitative Characters in Greengram

S. eocticient us eer Genetic Genetic Advance as % of
No Characters Variation Heritability asanee Mean (5%)
GCV PCV w
[Dee BOP) 355 6.21 33.39 1.67 4.27
flowering
2 | Plant Height 4.97 7.38 45.28 4.69 6.88
gy | NO. OF, PE | a 98 14.30 29.96 0.26 8.83
branches
4 || NOcot austen pet) 19.08 16.00 56.58 1.24 18.65
plant
| Oe OE DEE ee 18.44 39.98 2.47 15.18
plant
6 | Pod length 8.07 10.10 63.74 1.02 13.27
7 | No. seeds per pod 12 13.45 31.26 0.90 8.66

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92 Giddaluru Pavan* & G. R. Lavanya Prithvi Raj Singh P
8 seed index 4.04 8.46 22.77 0.12 3.97
9 Biological yield 6.80 11.71 33.68 1.38 8.13
10 | Harvesting index 13.75 20.91 43.19 6.58 18.61
11_| Seed yield per plant | 15.22 17.13 79.00 1.64 27.87
GCV = Genotypic coefficient of variation _ PCV = Phenotypic coefficient of variation
Table 3: Genotypic Correlation between seed yield and its Components in Greengram.
No. of No. of
Plant | primar : No. of | Pod | No. of Biologic | Harvesti Seed
Characte : cluster Seed ,
ae Heigh y a pods/ | lengt | seeds/ pds al ng yield/
t branch plant h pod yield Index Plant
oe plant
Days to -
50% 0.018 | -0.018 | -0.068 | 0.345* | 0.155 ose eis 0.319" 0.174 0.142
Flowering .
Plant 1 0.269" | 0.404 : 0.078 | 0 312" ‘ 0.198 0.125 0.115
height : : 0.298" : s 0.007 : : :
No. of - -
primary 1 0.447™ | 0.537" | 0.21 | 0.402" | -0.12 -0.107 -0.058 -0.033
Branches ‘
No. - :
clusters/ 1 0.704" | 0.074 | -0.229 «| 0.13 0.386" | 0.390"
a 0.312
Plant
No. pods/ = ak sok see
Plant 1 0.084 0.173 | 0.203 | 0.419 -0.551 0.346
Pod - xa
length 1 0.006 0.290° 0.466 0.055 0.149
No. of ‘
seeds/ fer) ents -0.592™ | 0.332
Pod
neon 1 | 0842" | 0.508" | -0.847"
index
Biological
Yield (g) 1 -0.143 0.218
Harvestin
g 1 0.919"
Index (%)
* 5% level of significance ** 1% level of significance
Table 4: Phenotypic Correlation between seed yield and its Components in 20 Greengram
Fa Nokon Novator || eiNoes lle Rodull (Nara Biologi Ble seed
Chara | nt ; Seed Harvesti A
wins | cae primary clusters/pl | pods/ | lengt seed/ Wace cal meander yield/
ht branches ant plant h pod yield plant
Days
epee ||| 20087 0.147 | -0.024 | 938 | 0.006 | °3!! | 0.288" | -0.026 | 0.063
Flower 2
ing
ee, ||-a 0.291" -0.342" | 0.294" | 0.016 | -0.187 |, ¢., | -0.367" | 0.19 | 0.112
Height : : . ; : 0.016 ; : :
No. of
primar :
y 1 0.189 -0.398"" | 0.101 | 0.421% -0.019 | -0.403™ 0.108
0.063
Branch
es

Impact Factor (JCC): 9.1583

NAAS Rating: 4.13

Character Association among Yield Component Characters 93
and with Seed Yield in Greengram (Vigna Radiata(L.) Wilczek)
No. of ;
aes 1 -0.385"" | 0.084 | -0.068 | 0.631] 0.099 | 0.198 | 0.357"
Plant
No. of 7
pods/ 1 0.044 | -0.461™ | 0.072 0.261" -0.243 0.369"
Plant
ie 0.051 | 0.521 | 0.164 | 0.302* | 0.134
length ee
No. of
seeds/ 1 0.623 | 963 | -0.470" | 0.337"
pod
Si 1 | 0.041 | -0.260° | 0.368"
Index
Biolog
ical 1 -0.442™" 0.082
Yield
Harves
ting 1 0.739"
Index
*5% level of significance**1% level of significance
Table 5: Direct and Indirect Effects of Component Characters on Seed yield Genotypic
We ou Plant No. of No. of No. of | Pod | No.of | Seed | Biologi | Harvest
Charact 50% A 5 5 é
ete floweri heigh primary clusters/ pods/ lengt | seeds/ | inde cal ing
: t branches plant plant h pod x yield index
Days to : :
20% | 0.9724 | 0.001 | 0.0082 0.1459 | -0.7039 | °° | 0.2821 | 0.30 | -0.3540 | -0.0903
flowerin 97
9 99
g
Fine 0.0358 0.104 | -0.1213 0.8626 -0.6087 - 0.3055 ye -0.2195 | -0.0647
height 2 51 47
Nee : 0.06 0.07
primary -0.0356 | 0.028 | -0.4518 0.9555 -0.0976 ; 0.3301 : 0.1190 | 0.0300
74 719
branches 0
Novat : 0.02 0.20
clusters/ | -0.1348 | 0.042 | -0.2022 0.1354 -0.4369 37 0.1878 0 -0.1436 | -0.1995
plant 1
No. of 0.031 - -
pods/ -0.6799 L 0.2428 -0.5025 0.0422 0.02 | -0.1420 | 0.13 | -0.4646 | 0.2850
plant 68 13
a 0.3054 | 0.008 | -0.0949 0.1579 -0.1706 0.32 -0.0048 = -0.5160 | -0.0284
length 1 08 75
No. of -
seeds/ _| 0.6770 ae 0.1815 -0.4880 | 0.3528 0.8218 | 0.38 | -0.1922 | 0.3065
pod 88
as 0.9441 | 9-009 | 9 9543 0.6664 0.4142 | 0.09 | -0.4936 | 0.64 | -0.9332 | 0.5733
index 8
29 74
Biologic ; 0.14 :
; 0.6301 0.020 | 0.0485 0.2767 0.8561 -0.1425 | 0.54 | -0.1082 | 0.0742
al yield 6 94 52

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94 Giddaluru Pavan* & G. R. Lavanya Prithvi Raj Singh P

Harvest! / 9.3441 | 0.013 | 0.0262 0.8234 | -0.1248 | 2°! | o.4s6s | 9.7! | 0.1588 | -0.5174
ng index 0 76 73
Table 6: Phenotypic Path for Seed yield and its Component
Days
Characte to Plant No. of No. of No. of | Pod | No.of | Seed | Biologi | Harvest
oe 50% | heigh primary clusters/ pods/ | lengt | seeds/ | inde cal ing
flower t branches plant plant h pod x yield index
ing
Days to - - -
50% 0.0826 | 0.007 -0.0042 -0.0266 -0.0030 | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.01 | 0.0587 | -0.0231
flowering 7 02 36
Pleat 0.0068 | 0.093 | 0.0016 0.0187 | -0.0214 | 0.00 | 0.0010 | 9-29 | 0.0249 | 0.1725
height 8 01 22
No. of ; - - 0.00
primary 0.008 0.0176 0.0342 -0.0027 | 0.00 | 0.0003 : -0.0084 | 0.0871
0.0196 88
branches 6 05
No. of : - - 0.02
clusters/ 0.009 0.0033 0.1810 -0.0485 | 0.00 | 0.0004 , 0.0429 | 0.1796
0.0121 06
plant 7 04
No. of ; 0.016 - -
pods/ : -0.0004 -0.0696 0.1261 0.00 | -0.0003 | 0.01 | 0.1129 | -0.2197
0.0020 0
plant 02 00
Pod length | 0.0034 | 0.001 0.0018 0.0152 0.0055 0.00 | -0.0003 oy 0.0711 0.0381
5 48
Ne: oF 0.0005 See -0.0008 -0.0123 0.0075 0.00 | -0.0055 | 0.03 | 0.0271 | -0.1860
seeds/ pod 6
03 38
oe 0.0080 oe) -0.0011 -0.0266 0.0090 oe -0.0013 | 0.14 | 0.0180 | -0.2355
index 5 02 02
Biological | 9 9112 | 0.005 | —-0.0003 0.0179 | 0.0328 | 0.00 | -0.0003 | 0.00 | 0.4332 | -0.4001
yield
4 08 58
Henyesun : 0.017 | 0.0017 0.0359 | -0.0306 | 0.00 | 0.0011 | %-27 | -0.1914 | 0.9057
g index 0.0021 9 02 65
Residual Effect= 0.18810

Impact Factor (JCC): 9.1583 NAAS Rating: 4.13

Character Association among Yield Component Characters
and with Seed Yield in Greengram (Vigna Radiata(L.) Wilczek)

DFF PH

mmm GCV

me PCV mum GA as % mean wr Heritability

Graph 1: Histogram Depicting Genetic Parameters for 11 quantitative Characters in Greengram.

Genotypic Path
Diagram

%
2,
°

0.8626

Residual Effect =0.43869

Diagram 1: Genotypic Path Diagram for Seed Yield per Plant.

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Giddaluru Pavan* & G. R. Lavanya Prithvi Raj Singh P

Phenotypic Path
Diagram

0.0187

Residual Effect = 0.18810

Diagram 2: Phenotypicpath Diagram for Seed yield Plant.

Impact Factor (JCC): 9.1583

NAAS Rating: 4.13