Draft environmental impact statement : Table Mountain wind generating facility

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January 2002

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Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility

Volume II - Appendices A-E

Prepared for

U.S. Bureau of Land Management
Las Vegas Field Office
4765 Vegas Drive
Las Vegas, Nevada 89018
BLM Case No. N-73726 & N-57100

On Behalf of

Table Mountain Wind Company, LLC
4225 Executive Square, Suite 950
La Jolla, California 92037

Prepared by
PBS&J

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89074

January 2002

PBS&J Job No. 511339.00

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Appendices

Page

A BLM Right-of-Way Grant Applications, Table Mountain Wind Company, LLC

(N-73726) and Valley Hlectric Association (N-57I0()) A-1

B Clark County Road Standards B-1

C Paleontological Resources C-l

D Biological Survey Report D-1

E Biological Assessment E-1

January 2002

Draft Environmental Impact Statement
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Appendix A

BLM Right-Of-Way Grant Applications, Table Mountain Wind Company, LLC

(N-73726) and Valley Electric Association (N-57100)

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This application revises and supercedes all previously submitted
and revised applications for the proposed Table Mountain Wind

Generating Facility under V7estern Renewable
ST.\ND.-\RD FOIC.MU99(l,99) 3 pp 1 i C U t i On N73726 .

Prescribed by DOKljSD.-VDOT

P.L. 90-487 .ind Fcdcml

Register Notice i-2Z-<}5 APPLICATION FOR TRANSPORTATION AND

UTILITY SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES

ON FEDERAL LANDS

Energy Project, LLC

FORM ^VP PROVED

0MB NO. 1004-0060

Expires: December 31, 2001

FOR AGENCY USE ONLY

KO FE: Uefore completing and filing the application, the applicant should completely review this package and schedule a
preappiication meeting with representatives of the agency responsible for processing the application. Each agency
may have specific and unique requirements to be met in preparing and processing the application. Many times, w'ith
the help of the agency representative, the application can be completed at the preapplication meeting.

■Application Number

N73726

Date filed

; . Name and address of applicant (include zip code)

Sebastian J Nola, V

Table Mountain Wind Co. LLC

4225 Executive Square SieSO

La Jclla. CA 92037

2. Name, title, and address of authorized agent if different
from Item 1 finclude zip code)

Same as .

3. TELEPHONE (area code)

.Applicant

(858) 558-1550

•Authorized .Agent

4. applicant are you? (check one)

a. O Individual

b. [3 Corporation* LLC

c. n Partnership/Association*

d. O State Govemment/State Agency

im Local Government

f Q Federal Agency

’ !f checked, complete supplemental page

5. Specify what application is for; (check one)

a. S New authorization

b. CD Renewing existing authorization No.

c. CD Amend existing authorization No.

d. CD Assign existing authorization No.

e. CD Existing use for which no authorization has been received*

f- CD Other*

* If checked, provide details under Item 7

6. If an individual or partnership are you a citizcn(s) of the United States? 0 Yes CD No

7. Project descmtion (describe in detail): (a) Tv’pe of system or facility, (e.g., canal, pipeline, road); (b) related strucrures and facilities; (c) physical specifications
length, width, grading, etc.); (d) term of years needed; (e) time of year of use or operation; ff) Vol-ame or amount of product to be transported; (g) duration and
timing of construction; and (h) temporary' work areas needed for construction (Attach additional sheets, if additional soace is needed.)

Please

see attached.

Attach a map covering area and show location of project proposal exhibit B & B-I through IV

9. State or local government approval: Q Attached Q Applied for Q Not required pj

ease see attached

10. N-oi„.i.n.,bl,appli,»o„fa: E An.cteJ □ Nol 1 2 5 . QQ W/ORIGINAL SllRMTSSTOM

1 1 , Docs project cross international boundary or affect international waterways? □ Yes No (If "yes, " indicate on map)

Iz. Give statement ot your technical and financial capability to construct, operate, maintain, and terminate system for which authorization is being requested.

Please

see attached.

(Conlinued on page 2)

ThLs form is authorized for local reproduction.

ir4

13a. Describe oiher reasonable alternative rouie,s and mode.s considered.

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED.

b. WTiy were these alternatives not selected?

No alternate sites are feasible. Please see attached 1 3A.

c. Give e.xpianation as to why it is necessary to cross Federal Lands.

From all detailed investigations as described above, The Table
area is best suited for wind generation. The proposed site
is on federal land, managed by the BLM.

14. List authorizations and pending applications filed for similar projects which may provide information to the authorizing agency. (Specify number, dale, code, or name)

NONE

15. Provide statement of need for project, including the economic feasibilit)' and items such as: (a) cost of proposal (construction, operation, and maintenance): (b) estimated cost of next best
alternative; and (c) expected public benefits.

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED

1 6. Describe probable effects on the population in the area, including the social and economic aspects, and the rural lifestyles.

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED

1 7. Describe likely environmental effects that the proposed project will have on: (a) air quality; (b) visual impact; (c) surface and ground water quality and quantity; (dl

the control or structural change on any stream or other body of water; (e) existing noise levels; and (f) the surface of the land, including vegetation, permafrost, soil, and soil stabilitv.

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED

1 8. Describe the probable effects that the proposed project will have on (a) populations of fish, plantlifc, wildlife, and marine life, including threatened and endangered
species; and (b) manne mammals, including hunting, capturing, collecting, or killing these animals.

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED

19. State whether any hazardous material, as defined in this paragraph, will be used, produced, transported or stored on or within the right-of-way or any of the riaht-of-way
facilities, or used in the construction, operation, maintenance or termination of the right-of-way or any of its facilities. "Hazardous material" means any substance,
pollutant or contaminant that is listed as hazardous under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, 42 U.S.C.
960! et seq., and its regulations. The definition of hazardous substances under CERCLA includes any "hazardous waste" as defined in the Resource Conservation and
Recovery .Act of 1976 (RCRA), as amended, 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq., and its regulations. The term hazardous materials also includes any nuclear or byproduct material
as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq. The term does not include petroleum, including crude oil or any fraction thereof that
IS not othenvise specifically listed or designated as a hazardous substance under CERCLA Section 101(14), 42 U.S.C. 9601(14), nor docs the term include natural gas.

The proposed project will not pose any health hazards nor
the use or discharge of hazardous substances. The project,
once operational will not produce such materials.

20. Name all the Dcpartment(s)/Agency(ies) where this application is being filed.

We expect the BLM to be the lead agency for siting
permitting this proposed WTG project. Any required
assessment will be coordinated through the BLM.

and

environmental

1 HEREBY CERTIFY, That I am of legal age and authorized to do business in the State and that I have personally examined the information contained in the application and

believe that the information submitted is corrept to the best op^ knotyledge.

Signature of Applicant^--"""^ // //'^ . / //

Date .L, .

Title 18, U.S.C. Section lOOl and Title 43 U.S.C. ^tion 1212, make it a crime for any person knowingly and willfully to make to any depariment or agency of the United
Slates any false, fictitious, or fraudulent statements or representations as to any matter within its jurisdiction.

SF-299, page 2

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APPLICATION FOR TRANSPORTATION AND UTILITY SYSTEMS
AND FACILITIES ON FEDERAL LANDS

GENERAL INFORMATION
ALASKA NATIONAL INTEREST LANDS

This application will be used when applying for a right-of-way, permit,
license, lease, or certificate for the use of Federal lands which lie within
consen'’atioti system units and National Recreation or Conservation -Areas
as defined in the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act.

units include the National Park System, National
ildlife Refuge System, National Wild and Scenic Rivers System,
National Trails System, National Wilderness Preservation System, and
National Forest Monuments.

Transportation and utility systems and facility uses for which the
application may be used are;

1. Canals, ditches, flumes, laterals, pipes, pipelines, tunnels, and other
systems for the transportation of water.

2. Pipelines and other systems for the transportation of liquids other than
water, including oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid and gaseous fuels,
and any refined product produced therefrom.

3. Pipelines, slurry and emulsion systems, and conveyor belts for
transportation of solid materials.

4. Systems for the transmission and distribution of electric energy.

5. Systems for transmission or reception of radio, television, telephone,
telegraph, and other electronic signals, and other means of
communications.

6. Improved rights-of-way for snow machines, air cushion vehicles and
ail-terrain vehicles.

7. Roads, highways, railroads, tunnels, tramways, airports, landing
strips, docks, and other systems of general transportation.

1 his application must be filed simultaneously with each Federal
department or agency requiring authorization to establish and operate
your proposal.

In Alaska, the following agencies will help the applicant file an
application and identify the other agencies the applicant should contact
and possibly file with;

Department of Agriculture

Regional Forester, Forest Service (USFS)

Federal Office Building, P.O. Box 21628
Juneau, Alaska 99802-1628

1 elcphone: (907) 586-7847 (or a local Forest Service Office)

Department of the Interior

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

Juneau Area Office

9109 Mendenhall Mall Road, Suite 5, Federal Building Annex
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Telephone; (907) 586-7177

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

222 West 7th .Ave., Box 13

Anchorage, Alaska 99513-7599

Telephone: (907) 27 1 -5477 (or a local BLM Office)

National Park Service (NPS)

Alaska Regional Office 2525 Gambcll St., Rm. 1 07
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-2892
Telephone: (907) 257-2585

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS)

Office of the Regional Director
1011 East Tudor Road
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Telephone: (907) 786-3440

Note-Filings with any Interior agency may be filed with any office noted
above or with the: Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Regional
Environmental Officer, Box 120, 1675 C Street, Anchorage Alaska

>For supplemental, see page 4)

Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation .Administration

.Alaska Region A.AL-4, 222 West 7th .Ave., Box 14
Anchorage, Alaska 99513-7587
Telephone: (907) 271-5285

NOTE - The Department of Transportation has established the above
central filing point for agencies within that Department. Affected
agencies are: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Coast Guard
(USCG), Federal Highway .Administration (FHWA), Federal Railroad
Administration (FRA).

OTHER THAN ALASKA NATIONAL INTEREST LANDS

Use of this form is not limited to National Interest Conservation Lands of
Alaska.

Individual departments/agencies may authorize the use of this form by
applicants for transportation and utility systems and facilities on other
Federal lands outside those areas described above.

For proposals located outside of .Alaska, applications will be filed at the
local agency office or at a location specified by the responsible Federal
agency.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

(Items not listed are self-explanatory)

Item

7 Attach preliminary site and facility construction plans. Tlie
responsible agency will provide instructions whenever specific
plans are required.

8 ' Generally, the map must show the section(s), to\vnship(s), and

rangc(s) within which the project is to be located. Show the
proposed location of the project on the map as accurately as
possible. Some agencies require detailed surv'ey maps. The
responsible agency will provide additional instmetions.

9, 10, and 12 - The responsible agency will provide additional
mstructions.

13 Providing information on alternate routes and modes in as much
detail as possible, discussing why certain routes or modes were
rejected and why it is necessary to cross Federal lands will assist
the agency(;ies) in processing your application and reaching a
final decision. Include only reasonable alternate routes and
modes as related to current technology and economics.

14 The responsible agency will provide instructions.

1 5 Generally, a simple statement of the purpose of the proposal will
be sufficient. However, major proposals located in critical or
sensitive areas may require a full analysis with additional specific
information. The responsible agency will provide additional
instructions.

16 through 19 - Providing this infonnation in as much detail as
possible will assist the Federal agency(ies) in processing the
application and reaching a decision. When completing these
items, you should use a sound judgment in furnishing relevant
information. For example, if the project is not near a stream or
other body of water, do not address this subject. The responsible
agency will provide additional instructions.

Application must be signed by the applicant or applicant's
authorized representative.

If additional space is needed to complete any item, please put the
information on a separate sheet of paper and identify it as
'Continuation of Item."

SF-299, page 3

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SUPPLEMENTAL

NOTE; The responsible agency(ies) will provide additional instmetions

CHECK. /\P1>R0PR1AJE
BLCX::<

1 - PRIVATE CORPORATIONS Li mi ted Liability Co.

ATTACHED

FILED*

a. .Articles of Incorporatton Formation - Previouslv Submitted

a

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b. Corporation Bylaws Qper . Aqreement - Previouslv Submitted

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c. .\ certification from the St^e showing the coyorati^ is^^ao^^^gg and is entitled to operate within the State.

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d. Copy of resolution authorizing filing [sj / ^

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□

e. The name and address of each shareholder owning 3 percent or more of the shares, together with the number and percentage of any
class of voting shares of the entity which such shareholder is authorized to vote and the name and address of each affiliate of the entity
together with, in the case of an affiliate conGolled by the entity, the number of shares and the percentage of any class of voting stock of
that affiliate owned, directly or indirecty, by that entity, and in the case of an affiliate which controls that entity, the number of shares
and the percentage of of^lwtjemi^£i^«^directly or indirectly, by the affiliate.

□

previous applications.

□

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g. If application is for an oil and gas pipeline, identify all Federal lands by agency impacted by proposal.

□

□

II- PUBLIC CORPORATIONS N/A

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a. Copy of law forming corporation

□

□

b. Proof of organization

□

□

c. Copy of Bylaws

□

□

d. Copy of resolution authorizing filing

□

□

e. If application is for an oil or gas pipeline, provide information required by Item 'T-f and "I-g" above.

□

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Ill - PARTNERSHIP OR OTHER UNINCORPORATED ENTITY ^ / A

a. .Articles of association, if any

□

□

b. If one partner is authorized to sign, resolution authorizing action is

□

□

c. Name and address of each participant, partner, association, or other

□

□

d. If application is for an oil or gas pipeline, provide information required by Item ’T-f and "I-g" above.

□

□

* If the required information is already filed with the agency processing this application and is current, check block entitled "Filed." Provide the file identification
information (e.g., number, date, code, name). If not on file or current, attach the requested information.

DATA COLLECTION STATEMENT

The Federal agencies collect this information from applicants requesting right-of-
way, permit, license, lease, or certifications for the use of Federal lands.

Federal agencies use this information to evaluate your proposal.

No Federal agency may request or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to
a request for information which does not contain a currently valid 0MB Approval
Number.

BURDEN HOURS STATEMENT

The public burden for this form is estimated to vary from 30 minutes to 25 hours
per response, with an average of 2 hours per response, including the time for

reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and
reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other
aspect of this form to: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land
ManagemenL Information Clearance Officer (\V0-630), 1849 C Street, Mail
Stop 401LS, Washington, D.C. 20240

A reproducible copy of this form may be obtained from the Bureau of Land
Management, Division of Lands, 1620 L Street, Rm. lOOOLS, Washington, D.C.
20036.

SF-299, page 4

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NOTICE

NOTE: This applies to the Department of the Interior/Bureau of Land Management (BLM).

The Privacy Act of 1974 provides that you be furnished with the following information in
connection with the information provided by this application for an authorization.

AUTHORITY: 16 U.S.C. 310 and5 U.S.C. 301.

PRINCIPAL PURPOSE: The primary uses of the records are to facilitate the (1) processing
of claims or applications; (2) recordation of adjudicative actions; and (3) indexing of
documentation in case files supporting administrative actions.

ROUTINE USES: BLM and the Department of the Interior (DOI) may disclose your
information on this form: (1) to appropnate Federal agencies when concurrence or supporting
information is required pnor to granting or acquiring a right or interest in lands or resources;
(2) to members or the public who have a need for the information that is maintained by BLM
for public record; (3) to the U.S. Department of Justice, court, or other adjudicative bony when
DOI determines the information is necessary and relevant to litigation; (4) to appropriate
Federal, State, local, or foreign agencies responsible for investigating prosecuting violation,
enforcing, or implementing this statute, regulation, or order; and (5) to a congressional office
when you request the assistance of the Member of Congress in writing.

EFFECT OF NOT PROVIDING THE INFORMATION: Disclosmg this information is
necessary to receive or maintain a benefit. Not disclosing it may result in rejecting the application.

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Table Mountain Wind Co. LLC

Attachments to Standard Form 299

Project Description: The proposed 150 MW wind generation facility will be
located near Jean, NV approximately 20 miles southwest of Las Vegas and within
Clark County, fhe project will be developed by Table Mountain Wind Co. LLC, a
joint venture between M & N Wind Power and Siemens Coip. The proposed
project sites encompass portions of Goodsprings, Shenandoah Peak, Cottonwood
Pass, and Potosi Quadrangles and are more fully described below.

Wind Turbine Generators (WTG)

Approximately 187 NEG Micon WTG’s rated at 800 KW will be utilized
to produce in excess of 460,000,000 KWh of “green"’ energy annually. Each
wind turbine has a rotor diameter (3 blades) of 52 meters and will be erected
on a tubular steel towers up to 54 meters high.

Each WTG foundation will be approximately 15 feet in diameter, and 30 feet
deep, utilizing approximately 80 cubic yards of concrete. Each W'fG site will
require a 20’ x 20’ foundation pad accompanied by a 75’ x 125’ crane pad for
erection and an 8’ x 8’ transformer pad. Alternatively, The NEG Micon
1.5 MW WTG could be utilized in fewer numbers to maximize the wind
resource. These machines are in the prototype development stage in Europe.
They w'ould be erected on tubular steel tow'ers 80 meters high and have a rotor
diameter of 64 meters.

Technical specifications for the WTG’s are more fully described in Exhibit
A. WTG locations are shown on the attached maps in Exhibit B.

Access Roads

Approximately 25 miles of new' and improvements to existing roads w ill
be required to gain access to WTG site locations and to service each WTG.

Main access roads will be approximately 30 feet in width and constructed
in a manner to meet Clark County standards. Service roads adjacent to the
Wd’G’s will be approximately 20 feet in width to provide access for
maintenance of each turbine.

For WTG’s located on Table Mountain, access will require improvement
of the existing dirt road at Columbia Pass off the Sandy Valley Road.

For WTG’s located in the Shenandoah peak area, access will be from the
existing Goodsprings - Sandy Valley Road with road improvements required
on the existing access roads to the YellowPine Mine area with new-
construction required to Shenandoah Peak.

Access for WTG’s located in the Potosi/Wilson Pass area will be from the
existing Goodsprings - Sandy Valley road with new construction !
improvement to existing dirt roads required for actual turbine access.

Access roads are shown on the attached maps in Exhibit B.

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F.lcctric I ransmission & Distribution Facilities

liach WTG will be connected electrically to a 600 volt to 34.5 KV step up
pad mounted transformer located adjacent to each WTG tower. Each WTG
transformer will be connected to an underground./overhead 34.5 KV
distribution line located along and within the WTG service road right of way.

Overhead 34.5 KV distribution lines will transmit the generated power
from the major site locations along the new and/or improved access roads or
specific rights-of-way depicted on the attached site maps in Exhibit B to
parallel rights-of-way to the existing Valley Electric Association (VEA)
Pahrump-Mead 230 KV transmission line.

I'he overhead 34.5 KV distribution system will be constructed within a 60
foot wide right-of-way on single and/or double wood pole structures
approximately 60-80 feet high in a single and/or double circuit configuration
confonning to standard utility practices. Distribution facilities are shown on
the attached maps in Exhibit B.

A 34.5to 230KV substation will be constructed in the southwest corner of
the intersection of Sandy Valley Road and VEA’s Palrrump - Mead 230 KV
line on a 10- acre site to interconnect the proposed wind turbine generation to
the electric transmission grid. This facility is more fully described in VEA’s
BLM application of March, 2001 prepared by Electric Consultants, Inc. of
Billings, MT.

A wind generation Control/ Maintenance Facility will be located within
this 10-acre site and will act as the central operations terminal for the
generating facility.

Communications/Control Systems

Voice and data communications and control functions will connect via
underground fiber optic cable each WTG along and within access roads and/or
distribution line rights-of-way to the Control/Maintenancc Facility.

Alternatively, the fiber optic cabling will terminate at a microwave relay
site located on east Table Mountain as shown on Exhibit B-IV for
transmission of control and communications llinctions to the
Control/Maintenance FaciliB’.

Metering, Relaying, and Communicatiom'Operations Functions for electric
transmission network integration will consist of microwave links at VEA’s
proposed Table Mountain Substation (Windy Sub.) to East Table Mountain;
from East Table Mountain to West Table Mountain; and from West Table
Mountain to VEA’s proposed Sandy Valley Warehouse (not associated with
this project). This system is shown on the attached maps in Exhibit B-IV.

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Lav Down & Batch Plant C onstriiction Areas

'I hrce 5-acre fenced construction lay down areas are shown on the
attached maps to provide for storage and material handling and concrete
batching during construction. 1 hese areas will be reduced to 2 acres for each
location after the construction period.

Anemometers

Anemometers erected under BLM application No. N-66778 will be
incoiporated as permanent structures as part of this application.

9. State or Local Government Approval: Permitting will be tlirough Clark County
along with any required environmental assessment.

12. Statement of your technical and financial capability to construct, operate,
maintain, and terminate system for which authorization is being requested:

Wind pow'er is the fastest growing energy technology in the world since it has
double its production. In fact, over the past five years, the wind energy industiy
has been developing at an average of 25% per year, far faster than growth rates
for conventional fuel industries. In 1999 alone, more than 4,100 MW of wind
generating capacity was added to the world electric grid and exceeding the
previous years installation record of 2,000 MW. Over 900 VIW of new- and
replacement wind turbines were installed in the United States in 1999. By 2005.
cumulative wind development is forecasted to be in excess of 20,000 MW.

Much of this growth is fueled by environmental concerns that are emerging as
global initiative. Today’s energy crisis and “Green” issues have growm in urgency
requiring action and accountability rather than good intentions. Today, consumers
demand environmental responsibility, and seek businesses producing recycled,
renew'able and non-polluting energy at a competitive price. M & N Wind Power is
one stieh enterprise. M&N with the Siemens Coip. have formed the Table
Mountain Wind Co. LLC to develop the proposed project.

M&N is a joint venture between two of the most powerful and influential
organizations in the wind energy sector - NEG Micon AJS of Denmark and
Nichimen Corporation of Japan. M&N Wind Power exists to research, develop
and build wand generating facilities of the highest quality.

M&N Wind Pow'er acts as a joint developer of wind generating facilities, and
plays a key role in establishing co-developments in this growing energy sector.
The company understands the technical and economic aspects of w'ind generation
enabling it to balance environmental concerns wathout uncertainly or risk and to
achieve business and financial goals for itself and its partners.

M&N Wind Power has been active in Europe for the past five years, and over the
past tw o years has become a leader in the restructuring of the wand energy
industry in the United States. M&N Wind Power is actively involved in the

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management aiul operations ofover 1500 wind turbines in California including
the world's largest project at Altamont Pass near San Francisco. Others include
wind projects in the San Gorgonio Pass, near Palm Springs and the Tehachapi
Pass, near Los Angeles. M&N Wind Power researches sites all over the world and
is currently involved in developing new wind generating facilities and repowering
others with a total capacity of more than 1,000 MW. M&N has developed
Canada's largest wind power projeet at Le Nordais in Quebec. This 100 MW
project is a technological achievement supplying enough energy for a city of
10.000 households with a heavy heating demand in a very hostile climate.

M&N Wind Power is staffed by professionals representing the strengths of both
its parent companies. The Danish company, NEG Mieon was created from the
merger in 1997 of Nordtank Energy Group (NEG)and companies. Its wind turbine
generators offer capabilities beyond 1 .5 MW. By 1998 NEG Micon had installed
nearly 7,000 turbines worldwide totaling more than 1,200 MW' of generating
capacity, of which 2800 machines or 250 MW are installed in North America. In
fact, NEG Micon was the largest or second largest wind turbine manufacturer in
the world the past five years. The Nichimen Corporation of .lapan is one of the
world's leading trading houses with the 100 years of operation. It has offices in
over 90 cities worldwide and net sales of over $29 billion in 1998. Its
involvement in wind power stems Irom its strategy of emphasizing new business
opportunities which meet contemporar)' needs and its concern for the
environment.

M&N Wind Power is dedicated to the expansion and utilization of renewable
resources in meeting the growing energy needs of its customers while enhancing
the energy security of the United States. The enclosed M&N Wind Power
brochure as Exhibit C gives expanded details on our company and our approach
to wind development.

The Siemens Corp. is the fourth largest employer in the world and is a leading
industrial manufacturer of electrical, control, communications and medical
systems.

13 A. Describe other reasonable alternative routes and modes considered:

An investigation into wind generation potential is Southern Nevada began as early
as 1986 by Desert Research Institute at the University of Nevada. Subsequently
more detail wind speed data was gathered by Kennetech in 1995-96 in the vicinity
of Table Mountain through the use of several anemometers. The conclusion of
these studies showed that the proposed sites for which this application is based,
was found to be a good location with wdnd speeds of such magnitude to make a
wind generation facility economical even in today’s growing green energy
market. The sites are also hidden from view from any major city so the visual
impacts would be negligible. We also considered a location at Boulder City,
Nevada and The James f lardie Mine site near Blue Diamond. J'hcse locations

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have significanl visual and en\ ironmental impacts. Because of these impacts we
chose the proposed sites as a best location with proven wind regimes.

I’rovidc a statement of need for the project, including the economic
feasihilitv and items such as (a) cost proposal (construction, operation,
maintenance); (h) estimated cost of next best alternative and (c) expected
public benefits; The wind turbine generating facility proposed by Table
Mountain Wind Co, LLC is a joint effort of M&N Wind Power Inc. and the
Siemens Corp. for the purpose of developing renewable and alternative energy
projects for the green markets in California, Nevada, and Arizona.

The proposed project is supported by both Senators Bryan and Reid as a
means to create jobs and promote renewable energy development in Nevada.

It is estimated that the project can generate energy for less than 4 cents/KWh
and will cost $160 million to construct utilizing 50 highly skilled and
technical people.

Construction will total more than SI 0.5 million. Operation and maintenance
will be staffed at 10 people at an amiual cost of S750,000. Personnel for
construction and operations and maintenance will be provided from the
Southern Nevada area. Target operation date is 12/31/02.

wind generation facility such as proposed will provide substantial economic
and environmental benefits, including a lesser dependence on conventional
fossil fuels; a clean environmentally benign energy source; requires no water
to operate; reduces global warming; provides enough energy to support a
community of 125,000 people; jobs; material purchases; tax revenue, and
revenue to BLM.

The following environmental benefits examples show the magnitude of such
emissions savings:

Two 825 kW WTG will displace the following;

2,700 tons of C02, the leading greenhouse gas
14 tons of S02, the leading components of acid rain
9 tons of NO. the leading component of smog

Please note that a forest measuring 1 .5 sq. miles would absorb the same
amount of C02 as two WTGs.

6. Describe probable effects on the population in the area, including the
social economic aspects, and the rural lifesh les: The proposed project is
remote and small compared to existing construction projects within Clark
County, and as such, will have negligible impact on the county’s economy and

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social palierns. However, as discussed in our answer to questions 15, the
project will make a contribution both economically and socially to the area.

Describe the likely environmental effects that the proposed project will
ha> e on: (a) air quality; (b) visual impact; (c) surface and ground water
quality and quantity ; (d) the control or structural change on any stream
or other body of water; (e) existing noise levels; and (t) the surface of the
land, including vegetation, permafrost, and soil stability :

A. Air quality: Wind is a benign energy source that provides substantial
benefits to air quality compared to fossil fuel generation facilities with
best available control technology (BACT). Proposed production and
emission savings are as follows:

Wind Generating Facility (150 MW)

Annual produetion: 460,000,000 KWh
Reduced oil/gas consumption: 540,000 bbls equiv.

Emission Savings

S02:

C02:

NO;

1,315 tons
250,000 tons
840 tons

B. Visual: The proposed sites are remote with sparse vegetation at an
elevation of approximately between 5,000 and 6,000 feet. Existing dirt
roads serve apparent mining activities and service microwave towers and
other facilities. Low voltage distribution lines provide electrical service to
these towers and traverse the area.

I he unincorporated communities of Jean, Goodsprings, and Sandy Valley
would be in the closest proximity to the project. Turbines would be
erected in rows along the ridges on tubular steel poles 240 feet high. From
one to two miles these towers may be visible from the valley floor. At
greater distances there should be little or no visible impact.

C. Water Quality': No impacts are expected. The project will not consume
water during its operation nor required any discharge to the native
SLiiTOundings.

Water required during construction wail be trucked to the construction
sites for concrete batching and fugitive dust control.

D. Stream Impacts: No such impacts are expected.

E. Noise: Wind turbines will produce noise from their rotating blades causin
a slight increase over ambient noise levels in close proximity to the
WTGs. Overall noise levels will be masked by the W'ind itself and any

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4

mining activity. /\ny noise tVom the WTOs will not be notieeable beyond
a quarter of a mile.

F. Land/Soil/Vegetation: Sinee WTGs are erected individually requiring a
foot print of approximately 15 feet in diameter, aetual land use will be
minimal compared to the required wind regime site. As stated previously,
road improvement will be required. Fdectrical connections to each WTG
will he underground as terrain will pemrit to a collector substation
requiring a 10-acrc site. Distribution facilities will parallel the rows of
wind turbines. Collectively actual land for WTG sites, access roads, rights
of way and substation should be less than 300 acres.

18. De.scribe the probable effects that the proposed project will have on (a)
population of fish, plant life, wildlife, marine life, including threatened
and endangered species and (b) marine mammals, including hunting
capturing, collecting, or killing these animal: The proposed sites area
remote and devoid of any water ways which present no impacts to fish/marine
wildlife. From our cursory inspection of the sites , it does not appear any
known threatened or endangered specifics is impacted. From our limited
survey, Big Horn sheep migrate through the area. The WTGs pose no
restriction to their movement. Any bird migration will do so at higher altitudes
far above the WTG rotors. We do not expect avian mortality impacts.

I 1 IHREBY CERTIFY, that 1 am of legal age and authorize to do business in the state that
I have personally examined the information in the application and believe that the
information submitted is coiTect to the best of my knowledge.

Sebastian J. Kola, Yfec-President
Table Mountain Wind Co. LLC
(M & N Wind Power, Inc.)

4225 Executive Sciuare, Suite 1650
La Jolla, CA 92037

Phone (858) 558-1550; PAX (858) 558-2672

EXHIBIT B

Table Mountain Wind (Generating Facility'

LF(; AL LOCATIOINS FOR PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT

Prepared May 28, 2001

A. TURBINE LOC ATIONS

TURBINES SITES NORTHERN SECTION
T25S R58E - Turbines 1-61

E23 - Section 6 SWIM NET /4
4,5,6, 7 -Section 6 NWIM SEIM
8,9,10 - Section 6 NWIM NEIM
1 1 - Section 5 SEIMNWIM
12&13 - Section 5 NEIMSWIM
14 -Section 5 NWIM SEIM
15& 16 -Section 5 SWIM SEIM
17&I8- Section 5 SEIM SEIM
19, 20, 21, 22-Section 8 NEIM NEIM
23&24-Section 8 SEIM NEIM
25&26 - Section 18 SEIM NWIM
27 - Section 18 SWIM NEIM
28, 29. 30-Section 1 8 NWIM SEIM
31 - Section 18 SWIM SE %

32, 33, 34- Section 18 SEIM SE M
57,58,59- Section 18 SWIM NWIM (Lot?)
60&61- Section 18 NEIM SWIM
35 -Section 19NE1MNE1M
36, 37-Scction 19 NWIM NEIM
38, 39, 40- Section 19 SWIM NEIM
41&42- Section 19 NWTM SEIM
43,44, 45 -Section 19 SWIM SEIM
46, 47, 48 - Section 30 NWIM NEIM
49, 50, 51 - Section 30 SWIM NEIM
52- Section 30 NWIM SEIM
53, 54- Section 30 NEIM SEIM
55 &56- Section 30 SEIM SEIM

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TI RHINE SITES SOUTHERN SECTION

T24S R58F. Turbines

57A-Scction 33 S\VT/4 NRl/4
58 A, 59A, 60 A, 61 A- Section 33 SEl/4 NEl/4
62&63- Section 33 NEl/4 SEl/4
82&83-Section 33 SWl/4 SEl/4
84&85- Section 33 SEl/4 SWl/4
129,130,&130A Section 33 SWl/4 SWl/4
64, 65, 66- Section 34 SWl/4 SWT/4

T25SR58E Turbines

67- Section 3 Lot 4,

68&69- Section 3 Lot 3

70, 71, 72. 73- Section 3 SEl/4 NWl/4

74&75 -Section 3 NWl/4 SEl/4

76- Section 3 NEl/4 SWT/4

97, 98, 99- Section 3 SWT/4 SWT/4

77, 78- Section 2 SWT/4 SWT/4

79-Section 2 SEl/4 SWl/4

87&88- Section 4 Lot 6

86- Section 4 Lot 3

89, 90, 91- Section 4 SWl/4 NEl/4

92-Scction 4 NWl/4 SEl/4

93, 94, 95- Section 4 NE % SEl/4

96- Section 4 SEl/4 SEl/4

112, 113,1 14- Section 4 SWl/4 SEl/4

132, 133, 134- Section 4 SWT/4 NWT/4

135. 136, 137-Section 4 NWl/4 SWl/4

138- Section 4 SWT /4 SWl/4

139- Section 4 SEl/4 SWl/4
1 3 1 - Section 5 Lot 1

1 15&1 16- Section 9 NWl/4 NEl/4
117, 118,1 19-Section 9 SEl/4 NETT
120, 121, 122- Section 9 NEl/4 SETT
123- Section 9 SEl/4 SEl/4
140, 141, 142- Section 9 NEl/4 NWl/4

143- Section 9 SEl/4 NWl/4

144- Section 9 SWTT NEl/4

145. 146. 147, 148- Section 9 NWl/4 SEl/4
149, 150. 151- Section 9 SWT /4 SEl/4
100-101, 102-Section 10 NWl/4 NWl/4

103- Section 10 NEl/4 NWT/4

1 04- Section 1 0 SE 1 /4 N W 1 /4

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105. 106.107- Section lONV/1/4 NEl/4
108- Section 1 ONE 1/4 NEl/4
124- Section 10 SWl/4 SWl/4
1 71 &1 72-Section 10 NWl/4 SEl/4
173- Section 10 NEl/4 SEEN
174. 175. 176- Section 10 SEl/4 SEEN
125&126- Section 10 SWl/4 SEEN
109. 1 10. 1 11- Section 1 1 NWl/4 SWl/4
80&8 1 -Section 11 NWl/4 NEEN
177. 178, 179 -Section 15 NEEN NEl/4
127. 128- Section 15 NWl/4 NEl/4
154A-Section 15 SWl/4 NW 1/4
155A&1 56-Section 15 SEl/4 NWl/4
157, 158,159-Section 15 NEEN SWEN
160&161- Section 15 SEl/4 SWl/4
152&153- Section 16 NWl/4 NEl/4
154&155- Section 16 SEl/4 NEEN
162& 163-Section 22 NWl/4 NEl/4
164&165- Section 22 SWl/4 NEl/4
166, 167, 168-Section 22 NWl/4 SEl/4
169& 170-Section 22 SWl/N SEEN

B. PROPOSED LAYOUT AND BATCH SITES LOCATIONS
Northern Section

A- r24S R58E Section 16 NW1/4NW1/4,

B- T24S R58E Section 20 SE1/4NW1/4,

Southern Section

C- T25S R58E Section 4 Lot 3

C. PROPOSED TABLE MOUNTAIN SUBSTATION LOCATION

■r24S R58E Section 34 SE1/4NE1/4

D. PROPOSED 34.5 KV DISTRIBUTION LINE LOCATION (ties into existing line)
Main Line PI-Il

T24S R58E

Section 7 NW1/4NE1/4, SW1/4NE1/4, NE1/4SE1/4

Section 8 NWl/4 SWl/4, SWl/4SWl/4,SEl/4SWl/4, SW1/4SE1/4

Section 17 NEl/4 NEl/4

Section 16 NW1/4NW1/4, NE1/4NW1/4, SE1/4NW1/4, NWEN SEl/4, SW1/4SEE/4
Section 21 E1/2NE1/4

Section 22 SW1/4NW, NW1/4SW1/4, SW1/4SWEN, SE1/4SW1/4

Section 27 NEENNWl/4, SE1/4NW1/4, SW1/4NE1/4, NW1/4SE1/4, SWENSEl/4.

SE1/4SE1/4

Section 34 NE1/4NE1/4, SE1/4NEEN

Section 35 SW1/4NW1/4. NWl/4S\Vl/4, SHl/4S\Vl/4

T25S R58E

Section 2 N\Vl/4NEl/4. S\Vl/4NEl/4

Secondar>' DE-I

T24S Rsfe Section 8 SE1/4NE1/4, E1/2SE1/4

Secondary DL-II (location would follow existing road from the powerline to alice mine)
r24S R58E

Section 19 SW1/4SE1/4, SE1/4SE1/4, NE1/4SE1/4

Section 20 NW1/4SW1/4, NE1/4SW1/4, SW1/4NE1/4, NW1/4NE1/4

Section 17 S\Vl/4SEl/4, SE1/4SE1/4

Section 1 6 SW1/4SW1/4, SE1/4SW1/4, SW1/4SE1/4

Secondary DL-IIl

T24S R58E Section 33 SE1/4NE1/, SW1/4NE1/4, NW1/4SE1/4, NE1/4SW1/4,
SW1/4SW1/4

Secondary DE-IV
r25S R58E

Section 2 S\Vl/4NEl/4, NE1/4SW1/4, SE1/4SW1/4, SW1/4SW1/4

Section 3 SE 1/4 SE 1/4

Section 10 NE1/4NE1/4, NW1/4NE1/4

E. ACCESS ROAD LOCATIONS TO SHENANDOAH PEAK (North Section)

Access from Kingston Road beginning on existing road up Keystone Wash
Alternate #1 Keystone Wash existing road
T24S R57E

Section 23 NW1/4NE1/4, NE1/4NE1/4. SE1/4NE1/4

Section 24 SW'l/4NWl/4, SE1/4NW1/4 SW1/4NE1/4, SE1/4NE1/4

T24S R58E

Section 1 9 Lot 4

Construction Alternate # 1
T24S R58E

Section 19 Lot 4, SE1/4SW1/4, SW1/4SE1/4
Section 30 NE1/4NW1/4, NW1/4NE1/4,

Construction Alternate #2
T24S R58E

Starting olT Wilson Pass road

Sect io n 7 N W 1 /4S E 1 /4,NE 1 /4S W 1 /4, SE 1 /4 S W 1 /4

Section 18 NEl/4NWl/4,SEl/4NWl/4,SWl/4NEl/4, NE1/4SE1/4

4

Access from Wilson Pass Road in Section 1 6
Use of existing road to Alice mine in section 20
T24S R58W ^

Section 16 NG1/4SE1/4, NW1/4SE1/4, NE1/4SW1/4. NW1/4SW1/4, SW1/4SW1/4

Section 17 SEl/4SEl/4,SWl/4SEl/4

Section 20 Wl/2NEl/4,NEl/4SWl/4 (road ends)

New Construction (continue section 20)

Section 20 NEl/4SWl/4,NWl/4SWl/4

Section 19 NE1/4SE1/4. SE1/4SE1/4, SW1/4SE1/4, (between turbines 35&36)
South of turbine 35
Section 19 SW1/4SE1/4

Section 30 NW1/4NE1/4, SW1/4NE1/4 NW1/4SE1/4, NE1/4SE1/4, SE1/4SE1/4
Continue North above turbine 36

Section 19SWl/4SEl/4,NWl/4SEl/4, Wl/2NEl/4,NEl/4NEl/4

Section 18 SE1/4SE1/4, SWl/4SEl/4,NWl/4SEl/4, NEl/4SWl/4,SEl/4NWl/4,

West branch at turbine 30

Section 18 NEl/4 SWl/4, Lot 3, Lot 4

F. ACCESS ROAD LOCATIONS TO RADIO TOWER (North Section)

Alternate #3
T24N R58E

Starting in Section 1 7 off Wilson Pass road
Section 17NE1/4NE1/4
Section 8 El/2SEl/4,El/2NEl/4

Section 5 SE1/4SE1/4, SW1/4SE1/4, NW1/4SE1/4, NW1/4SW1/4
At turbine #12 use existing road (R/w 022045)

Section 5 E1/2SW1/4, SW1/4SW1/4
Section 8 NW1/4NW1/4
New construction

Section 7 SE1/4NE1/4, NE1/4NE1/4, NE1/4NW1/4
Section 6 W1/2SE1/4, SW1/4NE1/4

G. ACCESS ROAD LOCATIONS TO TABLE MOUNTAIN (South Section)

Leaving the Sandy Valley at Columbia Pass
T24S R58W

Section 33 NE1/4NW1/4, SE1/4NW1/4, SW1/4NE1/4, W1/2SE1/4

Section 34 SW1/4SW1/4

North toward turbines 63 - 57 A

Section 33 E1/2SE1/4, SEl/4NEl/4,SWl/4NEl/4

North to turbine 64

Section 33 SE1/4SE1/4

East to turbine 66

Section 34 SW1/4SW1/4

'f25S R58E

Section 3 Lot 4, Lot 3 SE1/4NW1/4, SW1/4NE1/4, NW1/4SE1/4

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Leaving section 33 heading toward Radio tower or turbine 86

Section 4 lots 5, 6, & 3

South to turbine 104 & east to power line

Section 4 Lot 6, Lot 4, SW1/4NE1/4, NW1/4SL 1/4, NE1/4SE1/4. SE1/4SE1/4
Section 3 SW1/4SW1/4

Section 10 NW1/4NW1/4, NEl/4N\Vl/4, NW1/4NE1/4, NE1/4NE1/4
Section 2 S\Vl/4SWl/4, SE1/4SW1/4, NE1/4SW1/4, SW1/4NE1/4

Spur to turbine 1 24

Section 4 SE1/4NE1/4, SEl/4NWl/4,NEl/4SWl/4, NWl/4SEl/4,SWl/4SEl/4
Section 9 NW1/4NE1/4, SE1/4NE1/4, E1/2SE1/4

Spur to turbine 84

T25S R85E Section 4 Lot 3
T24S R85E Section 33 SE1/4SW1/4

Access from turbine 86 to 129
T25S R85E Section 4 Lots 3&4
T24S R85E Section 33 SW1/4SW1/4

Table Mountain Access
T24S R85E

Section 4, Lot 4, SW1/4NW1/4, Wl/2SWl/4,SEl/4SWl/4
Section 9 NE1/4NW1/4, SE1/4NW1/4, NW1/4SE1/4, SW1/4SE1/4
Section 16 NW1/4N El/4, SE1/4NE1/4

Section 15 SWl/4N\Vl/4, SE1/4NW1/4, NE1/4NW1/4, NW1/4NE1/4, NE1/4NE1/4

TM 1 Access (to turbine 170)

Section 15 SW1/4NW1/4, SE1/4NW1/4, E1/2SW1/4
Section 22 NE1/4NW1/4, W1/2NE1/4, W1/2SE1/4

TM 2 Access (to turbine 125)

Section 15 NW1/4NE1/4
Section 10 SW1/4SE1/4

TM 3 Access (to turbine 171)

Section 10 SE1/4SE1/4, NE1/4SE1/4, NW1/4SE1/4

TM 4 Access (to turbine 179)

Section 15 NE1/4NE1/4

TM 5 Access (from turbine 173 to 111)

Section 1 ONE 1/4 SEl/4,

Section 11 N\Vl/4 SWl/4

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H. MICROWAVE TOWER LOCATIONS - Table Mountain

TABI-ETOP EAST

Latitude: N35 degrees 48.598 minutes
Longitude: W1 15 degrees 27.955 minutes
Township: 24 South
Range: 58 East
Section: 34 SWSW

LABLETOP WEST

I.atitude: N35 degrees 48.328 minutes
Longitude: W1 15 degrees 29.170 minutes
Townsliip: 25 South
Range: 58 East
Section: 4 NWNW

5/28/01

September 13, 2001

Anna Wharton

4765 Vegas Privc

Las Vegas, NV 89105-2135

Dear Anna:

SUBJECT: REVISIONS TO THE TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND COMPANY LLC
APPLICA2 ION N-73726

Enclosed are the proposed revisions to the subject application. These revisions encompass
an expanded project description to include the use of the 1.5 MW Wind Turbine Generator
(WTG) as a complete substitution for the originally specified 800 KW WTG or some
combination thereof

Also, I have revised the access road location to tlie Shenandoah section of the project. In
addition, I have asked Larry Sip to prepare any legal description changes tliat are required to
support these proposed revisions.

I have enclosed a check for $10,000 to be deposited in our BLM Cost Recovery account for
this project.

If you have any questions or would like further clarification, please do not hesitate to call.

Smeerely,

SeSastian j. Nola
Vice President
MNS Wind

Enclosure (2)

cc: John Johansen-GREP
Rjck t' Hart-Siernens
Ed Taylor- M&N Wind Power
Larry Sip

received

Bureau ol Land Managemeu.
0 / -O v)

SEP t 4 2001

U\S VEGAS
FIELD OFFICE
Las Vegas, Nevada

Vi & N V.'ind PoVi'er ltd.

Lathjm House, 16 Minories

London

JK EGfJ I'tY

tel: 0171 386 7071 fax: 0171 886 7074

Q M & N Wind Power inc.

Suite 450, 800 Rene levesque Elud West
Montreal, Quebec
H38 1X9, Canada

Tel: 514 395 8066 Fax: 514 395 8791

LJ M & N Wind Power, Inc.

4225 txecutive Square
Suite 1650

la Jolla, California 92037, USA
Tel: 858 S58 1550 Fax: 858 558 2672

□ M & N Wind Power Ltd.

1 5E Cuxhaven Way, longrock
Penzance, Cornwall
UK TR20 8HX

Tel; 01736 330171 fax: 01736 362025

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United States Department of the Interior
Bureau of Land Management

LAS VEGAS FIELD OFFICE
4765 WEST VEGAS DRIVE
LAS VEGAS, NV 89108 -2135
Phone: (702) 647-5000

Transaction #: 397260
Date of Transaction: 09/14/2001

GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PARTNERS
4225 EXECUTIVE SQUPvE #950
LA JOLLA, CA 92037

LINE

QTY

COMMODITY / SUBJECT / ACTION /
PRODUCT

REMARKS

UNIT
PRICE j

TOTAL

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LOO

LANDS & REALTY MANAGEMENT / |
RIGHT OF WAY / MONITOR j

FEE-FLPMA CAT V ACTUAL COST !

(5101) 1

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TOTAL:!

$10,000.00 j

iMt' ii 1 1 'll t|

IgiffiM^EDl N/A

CHECK 1

09/14/2001

iSafeSBlSMl

001039

GLOB AL RENEWABLE ENERGY PART

4225 EXECUTIVE SQURE #950

LA JOLLA CA 92037

^ ,

10000 . 00

niM PERMIT APPLICATION N -73726

Table Mountain Wind Co. LLC

Attachments to Standard Form 299

**Revised 8/24/01

7. ’^M’rojcct Description: The proposed 150 to 205 MW (Approx.) wind generation
facility will be located near Jean, NV approximately 20 miles southwest of Las
Vegas and within Clark County. The project will be developed by Table
Mountain Wind Co. LLC, a Joint venture between M & N Wind Power and
Siemens Corp. The proposed project sites encompass portions of Goodsprings,
Shenandoah Peak, Cottonwood Pass, and Potosi Quadrangles and are more fully
described bclowc

**Wind Turbine Generators (WTG)

Approximately 187 NEG Micon WTG’s or equivalent manufacture rated at 800
KW will be utilized to produce in excess of 460,000,000 KWh of “green” energy
annually. Each wind turbine has a rotor diameter (3 blades) of 55 meters and will
be erected on a tubular steel tow'er up to 70 meters high.

Each WTG foundation will be approximately 15 feet in diameter, and 30 feet
deep, utilizing approximately 80 cubic yards of concrete. Each WTG site will
require a 20’ x 20’ foundation pad accompanied by a 75’ x 125’ crane pad for
erection and an 8’ x 8’ transformer pad. Alternatively, up to 135 NEG Micon 1.5
MW WTG or equivalent manufacture could be utilized to maximize the wind
resource. These machines are in the prototype development stage in Europe. They
w'ould be erected on tubular steel towers 85 meters high and have a rotor diameter
of 77 meters.

Technical specifications for the WTG’s are more fully described in Exhibit A.
WTG locations are showm on the attached maps in Exhibit B-I tlirough B-III for
the 800 KW machines and Exhibit B-V for the larger 1.5 MW machines.
Described above is considered the bounds for development utilizing either all 800
KW WTG s or all 1.5 MW WTG s within the area depicted for the proposed
Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility.

A more likely scenario may encompass the utilization of a combination 800 KW
WTG and 1.5 MW WTG to optimize siting and electric generation production
given specific wind regime patterns. This scenario could entail 10-800 KW
WTG s and 10 - 1.5 MW W 1 G on the Potosi/Wilson Pass portion of the Project;
28-800 KW W FG s and 8-1.5 MW WTG’s within the Shenandoah section; and
17 — 800 KW WTG s and 80 — 1.5 MW WTG’s on Table Mountain proper. Under
this scenario, the total project would encompass 55 - 800 KW WTG’s and 98 -
1.5 MW WTG’s for a total installed capacity of approximately 191 MW.

Sri?

•iJK'

n\M PKRMM APPLICATION N -73726

** Access Roads

Approximately 25 miles of new and improvements to existing roads will be
required to gain access to WTG site locations and to service each WTG.

Main access roads will be approximately 30 feet in width and constructed in a
manner to meet Clark County standards. Service roads adjacent to the WTG’s will
be approximately 20 feet in width to provide access for maintenance of each
turbine.

For WTG’s located on Table Mountain, access will require improvement of the
existing dirt road at Columbia Pass off the Sandy Valley Road.

**For WTG’s located in the Shenandoah peak area, access will be from the South
access road to Goodsprings along an existing dirt road to a point north of the
Cosmopolitan Mine. New construction will be required from that point to the top
of Shenandoah Peak.

Access for W'fG’s located in the Potosi/Wilson Pass area will be from the
existing Goodsprings - Sandy Valley road with new construction / improvement
to existing dirt roads required for actual turbine access.

Access roads are shown on the attached maps in Exhibit B.

Electric Transmission & Distribution Facilities

Each WTG will be connected electrically to a 600 volt to 34.5 KV step up pad
mounted transformer located adjacent to each WTG tower. Each WTG
transformer will be connected to an underground/overhead 34.5 KV distribution
line located along and within the WTG service road right of way.

Overhead 34.5 KV distribution lines will transmit the generated power from the
major site locations along the new and/or improved access roads or specific
rights-of-way depicted on the attached site maps in Exhibit B to parallel rights-of-
way to the existing Valley Electric Association (VEA) Pahrump-Mead 230 KV
transmission line.

The overhead 34.5 KV distribution system will be constructed within a 60 foot
wide right-of-way on single and/or double wood pole structures approximately
60-80 feet high in a single and/or double circuit configuration conforming to
standard utility practices. Distribution facilities arc shown on the attached maps in
Exhibit B.

A 34.5to 230KV substation will be constructed in the southwest corner of the
intersection of Sandy Valley Road and VEA’s Palirump - Mead 230 KV line on a
10- acre site to interconnect the proposed wind turbine generation to the electric
transmission grid. This facility is more fully described in VEA’s BLM application
of March 2001 prepared by Electric Consultants, Inc. of Billings, MT.

HLM PERMIT APPLICATION N -73726

A wind generation Control/ Maintenance Facility will be located within this 10-
acre site and will act as the central operations terminal for the generating facility.

Coiiiinunications/Control Systems

Voice and data communications and control functions will connect via
underground fiber optic cable each WTG along and within access roads and./or
distribution line rights-of-way to the Control/Maintenance Facility.

Alternatively, the fiber optic cabling will terminate at a microwave relay site
located on east Table Mountain as shown on Exhibit B-IV for transmission of
control and communications functions to the Control/Maintenance Facility.

Metering, Relaying, and Communication/Operations Functions for electric
transmission network integration will consist of microwave links at VEA’s
proposed Table Mountain Substation (Windy Sub.) to East Table Mountain; from
East Table Mountain to West Table Mountain; and from West Table Mountain to
VEA’s proposed Sandy Valley Warehouse (not associated with this project). This
system is shown on the attached maps in Exhibit B-IV.

Lav Down & Batch Plant Construction Areas

Tliree 5-acre fenced construction lay down areas are shown on the attached maps
to provide for storage and material handling and concrete batching during
construction. These areas will be reduced to 2 acres for each location after the
construction period.

Anemometers

Anemometers erected under BLM application No. N-66778 will be incorporated
as permanent structures as part of this application.

9. State or Local Government Approval: Permitting will be through Clark County
along with any required environmental assessment.

12. Statement of your technical and financial capability to construct, operate,
maintain, and terminate system for which authorization is being requested:

Wind power is the fastest growing energy technology in the world since it has
double its production. In fact, over the past five years, the wind energy industiy^
has been developing at an average of 25% per year, far faster than growth rates
for conventional fLiel industries. In 1999 alone, more than 4,100 MW of wind
generating capacity was added to the world electric grid and exceeding the
previous years installation record of 2,000 MW. Over 900 MW of new and

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HLM rERiMIT APPLICATION N -73726

replacement wind turbines were installed in the United States in 1999. By 2005,
eumiilative wind development is forecasted to be in excess of 20,000 MW.

Much of this growth is fueled by environmental concerns that are emerging as
global initiative. Today’s energy crisis and “Green” issues have grown in urgeney
requiring action and accountability rather than good intentions. Today, consumers
demand environmental responsibility, and seek businesses producing recycled,
renewable and non-polluting energy at a competitive price. M & N Wind Power is
one such enteiprise. M&N with the Siemens Corp. have formed the Table
Mountain Wind Co. LLC to develop the proposed project.

M&N is a joint venture between two of the most pow'erful and influential
organizations in the wind energy sector - NEG Micon A/S of Denmark and
Nichimen Corporation of Japan. M&N Wind Power exists to research, develop
and build v'ind-generating facilities of the highest quality.

M&N Wind Power acts as a joint developer of w'ind generating facilities, and
plays a key role in establishing co-developments in this growing energy sector.
The company understands the technical and economic aspects of wind generation
enabling it to balance environmental concerns without uncertainly or risk and to
achieve business and financial goals for itself and its partners.

M&N Wind Power has been active in Europe for the past five years, and over the
past tw'o years has become a leader in the restructuring of the wind energy
industry in the United States. M&N Wind Power is actively involved in the
management and operations of over 1500 wind turbines in California including
the world’s largest project at Altamont Pass near San Francisco. Others include
wind projects in the San Gorgonio Pass, near Palm Springs and the Tehachapi
Pass, near Los Angeles. M&N Wind Power researches sites all over the world and
is currently involved in developing new wind generating facilities and repowering
others with a total capacity of more than 1,000 MW. M&N has developed
Canada’s largest wind power project at Le Nordais in Quebec. This 100 MW
project is a technological achievement supplying enough energy for a city of
10,000 households with a heavy heating demand in a very hostile climate.

M&N Wind Power is staffed by professionals representing the strengths of both
its parent companies. The Danish company, NEG Micon was created from the
merger in 1997 of Nordtank Energy Group (NEG) and companies. Its wind
turbine generators offer capabilities beyond 1.5 MW. By 1998, NEG Micon had
installed nearly 7,000 turbines worldwide totaling more than 1,200 MW of
generating capacity, of which 2800 machines or 250 MW are installed in North
America. In fact, NEG Micon was the largest or second largest wind turbine
manufacturer in the world the past five years. The Nichimen Corporation of Japan
is one of the world’s leading trading houses with the 100 years of operation. It has
offices in over 90 cities worldwide and net sales of over $29 billion in 1998. Its
involvement in wind power stems from its strategy of emphasizing new business

liLM PERMIT APPLICATION N -73726

opportunities which meet contemporary needs and its concern for the
environment.

M&N Wind Power is dedicated to the expansion and utilization of renewable
resources in meeting the growing energy needs of its customers while enhancing
the energy security of the United States. The enclosed M&N Wind Power
brochure as Exhibit C gives expanded details on our company and our approach
to wind development.

Fhe Siemens Coip. is the fourth largest employer in the world and is a leading
industrial manufacturer of electrical, control, communications and medical
systems.

13 A. Describe other reasonable alternative routes and modes considered:

An investigation into wind generation potential is Southern Nevada began as early
as 1986 by Desert Research Institute at the University of Nevada. Subsequently
more detail wind speed data was gathered by Kennetech in 1995-96 near Table
Mountain through the use of several anemometers. The conclusion of these
studies showed that the proposed sites for which this application is based, was
found to be a good location with wind speeds of such magnitude to make a wind
generation facility economical even in today’s growing green energy mai'ket. The
sites are also hidden from view from any major city so the visual impacts would
be negligible. We also considered a location at Boulder City, Nevada and The
James Hardie Mine site near Blue Diamond. These locations have significant
visual and environmental impacts. Because of these impacts, we chose the
proposed sites as a best location with proven wind regimes.

15. Provide a statement of need for the project, including the economic feasibility
and items such as (a) cost proposal (construction, operation, maintenance);
(b) estimated cost of next best alternative and (c) expected public benefits:
fhe wind turbine generating facility proposed by Table Mountain Wind Co, LLC
is a joint effort of M&N Wind Power Inc. and the Siemens Corp. for the purpose
of developing renewable and alternative energy projects for the green markets in
California, Nevada, and Arizona.

The proposed project is supported by both Senators Bryan and Reid as a
means to create jobs and promote renewable energy development in Nevada.

It is estimated that the project can generate energy for less than four
cents/KWh and will cost $160 million to construct utilizing 50 highly skilled
and teclmical people.

Construction will total more than $10.5 million. Operation and maintenance
will be staffed at 10 people at an annual cost of $750,000. Personnel for

HLM PERMIT APPLICATION N -73726

construction and operations and maintenance will be provided from the
Southern Nevada area. Target operation date is 12/31/02.

A wand generation facility such as proposed will provide substantial economic
and environmental benefits, including a lesser dependence on conventional
fossil fuels; a clean environmentally benign energy source; requires no water
to operate; reduces global warming; provides enough energy to support a
community of 125,000 people; jobs; material purchases; tax revenue, and
revenue to BLM.

The following environmental benefits examples show' the magnitude of such
emissions savings:

Tw'o 825 kW WTG wall displace the following:

2,700 tons of C02, the leading greenhouse gas
14 tons of S02, the leading components of acid rain
9 tons of NO, the leading component of smog

Please note that a forest measuring 1.5 sq. miles would absorb the same
amount of C02 as two WTG’s.

Describe probable effects on the population in the area, including the social
economic aspects, and the rural lifestyles: C The proposed project is remote
and small compared to existing construction projects within Clark County, and as
such, will have negligible impact on the county’s economy and social patterns.
However, as discussed in our answer to questions 15, the project will contribute
both economically and socially to the area.

Describe the likely environmental effects that the proposed project will have
on: (a) air quality; (b) visual impact; (c) surface and ground water quality
and quantity; (d) the control or structural change on any stream or other
body of water; (e) existing noise levels; and (f) the surface of the land,
including vegetation, permafrost, and soil stability:

A. Air quality: Wind is a benign energy source that provides substantial
benefits to air quality compared to fossil fuel generation facilities w'ith
best available control teclmology (BACT). Proposed production and
emission savings are as follows:

Wind Generating Facility (150 MW)

Annual production: 460,000,000 KWh
Reduced oil/gas consumption: 540,000 bbls equiv.

¥

liLM PERMIT APPLICATION N -73726

Emission Savings
S02: 1,315 tons

C02; 250,000 tons

NO: 840 tons

B. Visual: The proposed sites are remote with sparse vegetation at an elevation
of approximately between 5,000 and 6,000 feet. Existing dirt roads serve
apparent mining activities, service microwave towers, and other facilities.
Low' voltage distribution lines provide electrical service to these tow^ers and
traverse the area.

The unincorporated communities of Jean, Goodsprings, and Sandy Valley
would be in the closest proximity to the project. Turbines w'ould be
erected in rows along the ridges on tubular steel poles 240 feet high. From
one to two miles, these towers may be visible from the valley floor. At
greater distances, there should be little or no visible impact.

C. Water Quality: No impacts are expected. The project will not consume w^ater
during its operation nor will it discharge to the native surroundings.

Water required during construction will be trucked to the construction
sites for concrete batching and fugitive dust control.

I). Stream Impacts: No such impacts are expected.

E. Noise: Wind turbines will produce noise from their rotating blades causing a
slight increase over ambient noise levels in close proximity to the WTG’s.
Overall, noise levels will be masked by the wind itself and any mining
activity. Any noise from the WTG’s will not be noticeable beyond a quarter of
a mile.

E. Land/SoiEVegetation: Since WTG’s are erected individually requiring a
footprint of approximately 15 feet in diameter; actual land use will be minimal
compared to the required w'ind regime site. As stated previously, road
improvement w'ill be required. Electrical connections to each WTG will be
underground, as terrain will permit to a collector substation requiring a 10-
acre site. Distribution facilities will parallel the rows of wind turbines.
Collectively actual land for WTG sites, access roads, rights of way and
substation should be less than 300 acres.

BLM PERMIT APPLICATION N -73726

18. l)cscri!)e the probable effects that the proposed project will have on (a)
population of fish, plant life, wildlife, marine life, includin'^ threatened and
endangered species and (b) marine mammals, including hunting capturing,
collecting, or killing these animal: The proposed sites area remote and devoid of
any water ways which present no impacts to fish/marine wildlife. From our
cursory inspection of the sites, it does not appear any known tlireatened or
endangered specifies is impacted. From our limited survey, Big Horn sheep
migrate through the area. I'he WTG’s pose no restriction to their movement. Any
bird migration will do so at higher altitudes far above the WTG rotors. We do not
expect avian mortality impacts.

1 HEREBY CERTIFY that I am of legal age and authorize to do business in the state that
I have personally examined the information in the application and believe that the
information submitted is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Sebastian J. NolxjWice-President
Table Mountain Wind Co. EEC
(M & N Wind Power, Inc.)

4225 Executive Square, Suite 1650
Ea Jolla, CA 92037

Phone (858) 558-1550; FAX (858) 558-2672

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'Engineering with Distinction"

I ELECTRICAL CONSULTANTS. INC

CORPORATE OFFICE 1127 ALDERSON AVE . BILLINGS. MT 59102-4217 . PHONE: 406-259-9933 • FAX: 406-259-3441 . EMAIL ADDRESS: eoblgs@elec-cons com

March 27, 2001

Ms. .^nna Wharton
U.S Department of Interior
Bureau of Land Management-
Las Vegas Nevada Office
4765 Vegas Drive
Las Vegas, NV 89108

RE; VEA/M&N Wind Power-Table Mountain Project
Dear Anna:

„ RECEIVED

Burcsu of Land Management
07;30

MAR 2 7 2001

LAS VEGaS
FIELD OFFICE
Las Vegas, Nevada

Enclosed you will find the Application for Transportation and Utility Systems and Facilities on
Federal Lands, Standard Form 299, requesting the amendment of Authorization No. N-57100.
This right-of-way request is for a new 230 kV substation delivery point located southwest of
Goodsprings, NV. The purpose for this delivery point is to accommodate proposed wind
generation being developed by the M&N Wind Power group.

Also included with this submittal is a complete Plan of Development identifying the proposed
facilities, including a conceptual general arrangement plan, as well as an enlarged Site Topo
Plan, depicting the project location. For your information, we are also including a copy of the
Southern Transmission System map, which identifies all projects currently being planned and/or
evaluated by Valley Electric Association.

It is our understanding that work associated with the environmental impact studies for the
proposed project will be included as part of the overall Environmental Impact Statement for the
proposed Table Mountain Wind Generation Development project. Consequently, environmental
work associated directly with construction of the proposed VEA substation will be included with
the proposed Table Mountain project.

If you require any additional infonnation, please
Bill Matheson, VEA.

DMB:mb

Enclosures

xc: R.L. McComish, P.E.

Bill Matheson, P.E., VEA

Sebastian Nola, P.E., M&N Wind Power

do not hesitate to contact either myself or Mr.
Sincerely,

Dale M. Broveak, E.E.

BILLINGS OFFICE: SALT LAKE CITY OFFICE TUCSON OFFICE. MADISONFIELDOFFICE'

1127 ALDERSON AVENUE 1410 SOUTH 600 WEST 7493 N ORACLE RD. # 203 2215 REGENT STREET

BILLINGS. MT 59102 WOODS CROSS. UT 64087 TUCSON. AZ 85704 MADISON. W1 53705

PHONE 406-259-9933 PHONE 801-292-9954 PHONE 520-219-9933 PHONE 608-231-9933

FAX 406-259-3441 FAX 801-292-9177 FAX 520-219-9949 FAX 608-231-9920

EMAIL eciblostajelec-cons com EMAIL eclslc/autah.intor o«.t cham — • —

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„ RECEIVED

ureau of Land Managemen

l ANOARlUORM W(l/99) 07 .'30

icwnlwd by 1)<.)I(US1)A./1H)I

1 9^'«87 »nd Kcdcul

-gisiet Nolice 5-22 95 APPLICATION FOR TRANSPORTATION AND MAR X 7 .POOl

UTILITY SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES

ON FEDERAL LANDS

FORM APPROVED

OMB NO 1004-0060

FApircs: December 3 1 , 2001

FOR AGENCY USE ONLY

■ FfELU OFFICE

NOTE: Before compleiiiig and lilmg the application, the applicant should completely ‘''''iecyt^^ P^l^c nnd^hedO^a
pteapplication meeting with representatives of tlie agency responsible for processing mPAfipiikijlflPEat'bQyc^i^
may have specific and unique requirements to be met in preparing and processing the application. Many times, with
the help of tlic agency representative, the application can be completed at the preapplication meeting

Application Number

Date filed

1 Name and address of applicant (include zip code)

Valley Electric Association

Attn: Bill Matheson, P.E.

300 E. Highway 372, PO Box 237
Peshrump, NV 89041

2. Name, title, and address of authorized agent if different
from Item 1 (include zip code)

3 TELEPHONE (area code)

Applicant

(775) 727-5312

Authorized Agent

1 As applicant arc you? (check one)

a Q Individual

b Q Corporation*

c El Partncrship/Associaiion*

d Q State GovemmenVState Agency

c Q Local Goverrimenl

f Q Federal Agency

* If checked, complete supplemental page

5 Specify what application is for; (check one)

3. CD New authorization
b CD Renewing c.xisting authorization No.
c. ED Amend existing authorization No. N“ 571CO
j CD Assign existing authorization No.

e CD Existing use for which no authorization has been received*
f □ Other*

• If checked, provide details tinder Item 7

6 If an individual or partnership arc you a citizen(s) of the United States? Q Yes CD No

7 Project description (describe in detail): (a) Type of system or facility, (e g., canal, pipeline, road); (b) related structures and facilities; (c) physical specifications
length, width, grading, etc.); (d) term of years needed; (e) time of year of use or operation; ff) Volume or amount of product to be transported; (g) duration and
timing of construction; and (h) temporary work areas needed for construction (Attach additional stieets. if additional space is needed )

230 kV Substation located adjacent to the existing Pahrump to Mead 230 kV transmission line
(Authorization No. N-57100). This project is part of the proposed wind generation project
in the Table Mountain area. Developers of the wind generation project have requested inter-
connection facilities with VEA for the purpose of delivering energy to the power grid.

The requested site is 10 acres, which includes the substation, access roads and construction
vork area. Construction of the project is scheduled to be in concurrence with construction
■)f the development of wind generation. The project site is located south-southwest of
.'-oodsprings , NV, s.outh of Highway 161 in Section 34 & 35, Township 24S, Range 58E.
lefer to Plan of Development of additional details.

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Attach a map covering area and show location of project proposal

9- State or local government approval: Q Attached □ Applied for □ Not required

0. Nonretumabic application fee: □ Attached □ Not required

I Does project cross international boundary or affect international watenA'ays? □ Yes No (If "yes, " indicate on map)

1. Give statement of your technical and financial capability to construct, operate, maintain, and terminate system for which authorization is being requested.

Valley Electric Association is an electrical distribution association incorporated in
I the state of Nevada. VEA currently owns, operates and maintains 85 miles of 230 kV line

I and 187 miles of 138 kV transmission line located primarily in southwestern Nevada.

In addition, VEA o^-ms, operates and maintains nine (9) 138 or 230 kV substations.

IVFA's manager of engineering is a registered engineer in the state of Nevada. In
addition, VEA's consulting engineer has several engineers registered in the state.

I

Uiiued on page 2)

I

1 tiis form authorized for local roprocluclion.

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I [VsciiIk- (>iher reasonable allcnialivc routes and nv^fS, con^idcjcd ’

site LS a^piminntely 1 mile east of pnJiTOsecI gpTpnitiai ai Tal:)lG ^bnL'lin ari clircctly

aljxxiit to VI*A's existing 230 kV transmissicn line. Othex q:>tions inclulal ociistrucfton of ajbstaticn
incil ities m top of Tibbie Mxntmn-. ...J:

b Why vCcrc these alternatives not selected?

AltoiTOtivcs roejuimi oenstnetign of a Zp kV switd'yard adjacent to tlie existing 230 kV line and cxnstnction
of 230 kV toranissicn lines ftdii .OTe new swltd-yartl to a substation on tep of Thble ManPiin.

c ('live explanation as lo why it is necessary to cross Federal Lands.

All altexmtives are located on Federal lands.

n List authoriraliotas arid pending applications filed for similar projects which may provide information lo the authorizing 3gtncyj[^e cify number, date, code, or name)

VEA is arrently \vOiiang on trarenissicn projects betwxn Vista Sdstation and NKJ NortlTSvest Sii). Additional
projects include [^xDSsible vdrd ^neraticn on the NTS. In addition, VEA has been contacted by other Independent
FVxver Producers proposing gpreraticn in tlie Sanlyddoodspringp-dean areas. Ahliticnal facilities associated
with these projects Inve not beoi defined, but nny inclule ocnstructiai of transmission facilities to NPC
i\rdGn or \WA Ebad Slrstaticns.

15. Pro\Tslc sUtcTTxaV of oced for project, ir>cluding ihc ccooormc feasibility and items such as; (a) cost of proposal (consimction. operanon. and maintenance), [O) estimated cost of next best
alternative; and (c) expected public benefits.

IlTe Table Ebuntain gaTeraticn provides additional generation resouroes to help neet cfenrrd for electrical
energy in da region. Except for ocnstruction of the [roposed substation facilities, the project utilizes
trananissicn (Opacity either existing within the current system or otherwise planned inprovenents.

1 6. Describe probable effccLs on the population in the area, including the social and economic aspects, and the rural lifestyles.

There will be a ^rt-term need for cmstructicn perscmel as well as increased business for local hotels,
restaurants and businesses associated directly with ccnstrrctifxi of the srhstatifn.

1 7. Describe likely environmental effects that the proposed project will have on; (a) air quality; (b) visual impact; (c) surface and ground water quality and quantity; (d)
the control or structural change on any stream or other body of water, (e) existing noise levels; and (0 the surface of the land, including vegetation, permafrost, soil, and soil stability.

Air (jjiHlity will be iirpocted sli^tly during ocnstruction piiases cnly. Visual inpacts of the sdbetaticn
"pll oe cansidered diring all phases of dasi^. Surface dLsturbance will occur in the gpieral -vacinity
of the sutetaticn including access roads.

18. Describe the probable effects that the proposed project will have on (a) populations of fish, planllife, wildlife, and marine life. Including thrcaicncd and endangered
species; and (b) manne mammals. Including hunting, capturing, collecting, or lolling these animals.

Construction of the suhstaticn will affect plant and wildlife in the areas involving surface dLsturbarce.

19. Stale whether any hazardous material, as defined in this paragraph, will be used, produced, Iranspoitcd or stored on or within the right-of-way or any of Ihc right-of-way
facilities, or used in the construction, operation. mainicnatKe or termination of the right-of-way or any of its facilities. "Hazardous malcrial" means any substance,
pollutant or contaminant that is listed as hazardous under Ihc Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, 42 U S C.
9601 cl seq . and its regulations The definition of hazardous substances under CERCLA includes any "hazardous waste" as defined in the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976 (RCR.\). as amended, 42 U S C. 9601 ct seq . and its regulations The term hazardous materials also includes any nuclear or byproduct malcrial
as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 2011 cl seq The Icmi docs not include petroleum, including crude oil or any fraction thereof that
is not otherwise specifically listed or desig:nalcd as a hazardous substance under CERCLA Section 101(14), 42 U S.C. 9601(14). nor does the term include natural gas

EtxSxn suhstaticn cejuiprEnt incliriss relatively large aitxnts of insulatirg oil associated with instmroTt
and po(ser transfornErs as ^-dl as SP6 gps inlrea^<Ers. EquipiEnt will be closely ncniicrod and corrective
actions taken in t±E evmt of fluid or gps leaks.

20. Name all the Depanmenl(s).'Agcncy(ics) where this application is being filed.

Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Hanagement

1 HEREBY CERTIFY. Thac 1 am of legal age and authorized to do business in the State and that 1 have personally examined (he information contained in the application and
believe that the information submined is correct lo the best of niy knowledge.

Signature of Applicant

Title 18, use. Seel ion 1001 and fillc 4 3 U S C. Section 1212. make it a crime for any person knowingly and willfully lo make ro any i^iaitmenl or agency of the United
Slates any false, ficlilious, or frauduicni siaicments or representations as lo any matter within its junsdiclion

SF-299, page 2

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SUPPLEMENTAL

NOTE; The responsible agency(ies) will provide additional instructions

Clift K AfPROPRIATf
BLOCK

1 - PRIVATE CORPORATIONS

ATT.ACnED

FILED*

a. .Viticles of Incorpotation

□

□

b. Corporation Bylaws

□

□

c. .-N certification from the State showing the corporation is in good standing and is entitled to operate within the Slate.

□

□

d. Copy of resolution authorizing filing

□

□

e The name and address of each shareholder ow ning 3 percent or more of the shares, together with the number and percentage of any
class of voting shares of the entity which such shareholder is authorized to vole and the name and address of each affiliate of the entity
together with, in the case of an affiliate controlled by the entity, the number of shares and the percentage of any class of voting slock of
that affiliate owaied. directly or indirecty, by that entity, and in the case of an affiliate which controls that entity, the number of shares
and the percentage of any class of voting slock of that entity owned, directly or indirectly, by the affiliate.

□

□

previous applications.

□

□

g If application is for an oil and gas pipeline, identify all FedcTal lands by agency impacted by proposal.

□

□

II- PUBLIC CORPORATIONS

a. Copy of law forming corporation

□

□

b. Proof of organization

□

□

c. Copy of Bylaws

□

□

d. Copy of resolution authorizing filing

□

□

e. If application is for an oil or gas pipeline, provide information required by Item "l-f and "I-g" above.

□

□

Ill - PARTNERSHIP OR OTHER UNINCORPORATED ENTITY

a. Articles of association, if any

□

b If one partner is authorized to sign, resolution authorizing action is

□

□

c. Name and address of each participant, parmer, association, or other

□

□

d. If application is for an oil or gas pipeline, provide information required by Item "l-f and "1-g" above.

□

□

* If the required informalion is already filed with the agency processing this application and is current, check block entitled "Filed." Provide the file identification
information (e g., number, dale, code, name). If not on file or cunent, attach the requested information.

DATA COLLECTION STATEMENT

The Federal agencies collect this information from applicants requesting right-of-
way, permit, license, lease, or certifications for the use of Federal lands.

Federal agencies use this information to evaluate your proposal.

No Federal agency may request or sponsor, and you arc not required to respond to
a request for information which does not contain a currently valid 0MB Approval
Number

BURDEN HOURS STATEMENT

Die public burden for this form is estimated to vary from 30 minutes to 25 hours
per response, with an average of 2 hours per response, including the tunc for

reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and
reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other
a.speci of this form to; U.S. Department of the Intenor, Bureau of Land
Management, Information Clearance Officer (VVO-630), 1849 C Street, Mail
Stop 401 LS, Washington, D C. 20240

A reproducible copy of this form may be obtained from the Bureau of Land
Management, Division of Lands, 1620 L Street, Rm. lOOOLS, Washington, D.C.
20036.

SF-299, page 4

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APPLICATION FOR TRANSPORTATION AND UTILITY SYSTEMS
AND FACILITIES ON FEDERAL LANDS

GENERAL INFORMATION
ALASKA NATIONAL INTEREST LANDS

I his application will be iiscti when applying for a right-of-way, permit,
license, lease, or ccitificalc for the use of Federal lands which lie within
conservation system units and National Recreation or Conservation Areas
as defined in the .Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act.
Conservation system units include the National Park System, National
Wildlife Refuge System, National Wild and Scenic Rivers System,
National Trails System, National Wilderness Preservation System, and
National Forest Monuments.

Transportation and utility systems anti facility uses for which the
application may be used are:

1 Canals, ditches, flumes, laterals, pipes, pipelines, tunnels, and other
systems for the transportation of water.

2. Pipelines and other systems for the transportation of liquids other than
water, including oil, natural gas, synthetic liquid and gaseous fuels,
and any refined product produced therefrom.

3. Pipelines, slurry and emulsion systems, and conveyor belts for
transportation of solid materials.

4. Systems for the transmission and distribution of electric energy.

5. Systems for transmission or reception of radio, television, telephone,
telegraph, and other electronic signals, and other means of
communications.

6 Improved rights-of-way for snow machines, air cushion vehicles, and
all-terrain vehicles.

7. Roads, highways, railroads, tunnels, tramways, airports, landing
strips, docks, and other systems of general transportation.

This application must be filed simultaneously with each Federal
department or agency requiring authorization to establish and operate
your proposal.

In Alaska, the following agencies will help the applicant file an
application and identify the other agencies the applicant should contact
and possibly file with:

Department of Agriculture

Regional Forester, Forest Service (USFS)

Federal Office Building, P.O. Box 21628
Juneau, Alaska 99802-1628

Telephone: (907) 586-7847 (or a local Forest Sen’ice OJJice)

Department of the Interior

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

Juneau Area Office

9109 Mendenhall Mall Road, Suite 5, Federal Building Annex
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Telephone: (907) 586-7177

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

222 West 7th Ave., Box 13

Anchorage, Alaska 99513-7599

Telephone: (907) 271-5477 (or a local BLM OjJ'ice)

National Park Service (NPS)

Alaska Regional Office 2525 Cambell St., Rm. 107
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-2892
Telephone: (907) 257-2585

U S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS)

Office of the Regional Director
1011 East Tudor Road
Anchorase, Alaska 99503
Telephone: (907) 786-3440

Note-Filings with any Interior agency may be filed with any office noted
above or with the: Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Regional
Environmental Officer, Box 120, 1675 C Street, Anchorage, Alaska
99513.

Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation Adniinislralion

.Alaska Region AAL-4, 222 West 7th Ave., Box 14
Anchorage, Alaska 99513-7587
Telephone: (907) 271-5285

NOTE - The Department of Transportation has established the above
central filing point for agencies within that Department. Affected
agencies are; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Coast Guard
(USCG), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Railroad
.Administration (FRA).

OTHER THAN ALASKA NATIONAL INTEREST LANDS

Use of this form is not limited to National Interest Conservation Lands of
Alaska.

Individual departments/agencies may authorize the use of this form by
applicants for transportation and utility systems and facilities on other
Federal lands outside those areas descrited above.

For proposals located outside of Alaska, applications w ill be filed at the
local agency office or at a location specified by the responsible Federal
agency.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

(hems not listed are self-explanatory)

hem

7 Attach preliminary' site and facility construction plans. The
responsible agency will provide instructions whenever specific
plans are required.

8 Generally, the map must show the section(s), township(s), and
range(s) within which the project is to be located. Show the
proposed location of the project on the map as accurately as
possible. Some agencies require detailed survey maps. The
responsible agency will provide additional instructions.

9, 10, and 12 - The responsible agency will provide additional
instructions.

1 3 Providing information on alternate routes and modes in as much
detail as possible, discussing why certain routes or modes were
rejected and why it is necessary to cross Federal lands will assist
the agency{ics) in processing your application and reaching a
final decision. Include only reasonable alternate routes and
modes as related to current technology and economics

14 The responsible agency will provide instructions.

15 Generally, a simple statement of the purpose of the proposal will
be sufficient. However, major proposals located in critical or
sensitive areas may require a full analysis with additional specific
information. The responsible agency will provide additional
instructions.

16 through 19 - Providing this information in as much detail as
possible will assist the Federal agency(ies) in processing the
application and reaching a decision. When completing these
items, you should use a sound judgment in furnishing relevant
infonnation. For example, if the project is not near a stream or
other body of water, do not address this subject. The responsible
agency will provide additional instructions.

Application must be stgned by the applicant or applicant's
authorized representative.

If additional space is needed to complete any item, please put the
information on a separate sheet of paper and identify it as
"Continuation of Item."

{For supplemental, see page •i)

SF-299, page 3

{

Valley Electric Association
Pahriimp, Nevada

TABLE MOUNTAIN SUBSTATION
PROJECT

CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT

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Valley Electric Association
Pahrump, Nevada

TABLE MOUNTAIN SUBSTATION
PROJECT

CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA
PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT

Prepared by:

ELECTRICAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
1 127 Alderson Avenue
Billings, MT 59102

RECEIVED

Bureau of Land Management
07:30

March, 2001

MAR 2 ■ 2001

WSvti,. j
EIlLO OP’’ 'CE
Las vooas, Nuv/uda

I‘LAN OF DEVELOPMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 PURPOSE AND NEED

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.0 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

4.1 Construction

4.2 Operation and Maintenance

4.3 Abandonment and Reclamation

5.0 RIGHT-OF-WAY LOCATION

6.0 PROJECT SCHEDULE

LIST OF DRAWINGS:

General Arrangement Plan 18-D-P210

Area Plan - Topo Map 18-D-P211

Site Plan - Topo Map 18-D-P212

Southern Transmission System 18-E-MOOl

1

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j

1.0

INTRODUCTION

Plan of
Development

Joint

Engineering

Studies

M & N Wind Power has approached Valley Electric Association
(VEA) regarding the interconnection of wind generation on the
Table Mountain site. M & N Wind Power will complete
construction of all wind turbines, distribution collection systems and
access road requirements for the wind generation site. VEA
responsibilities include interconnecting the generation with the
existing Palirump to Mead 230 kV transmission line.
Interconnection facilities include 230 kV switching and
transformation equipment. VEA’s consultant, Electrical
Consultants, Inc. (ECI), has perfomied interconnection studies
associated with the proposed generation and has identified
transmission and substation improvements associated with the
proposed action. These impacts are more fully identified in the
Project Description (Section 3.0) of this Plan of Development. The
project location is located approximately 1 mile east of the proposed
Table Mountain wind generation site, adjacent to the existing
Pahrump to Mead 230 kV line. A drawing representing the
proposed project is attached to this document. As proposed, the
project is located on federal lands. Prior to construction on federal
land, VEA is required to submit an application to amend the existing
Pahrump to Mead authorization No. N-57100. The application is
being submitted to the lead of federal agency, the Bureau of Land
Management (BLM). This Plan of Development describes the
proposed project, the purpose and need and potential impacts to
environmental resources.

In addition, the Plan of Development for the Table Mountain
Substation is submitted concurrently with the application for wind
generation in the area. As such, a single Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) identifying impacts to resources located on federal
lands will be completed encompassing the overall project.

2.0 PURPOSE AND NEED

M & N Wind Power and Valley Electric Association have completed
joint engineering studies to determine the impacts to existing VEA
transmission system resulting from development of wind generation
at Table Mountain. These studies indicate that the proposed
generation utilizes surplus capacity within VEA’s transmission
system, including existing facilities and otherwise planned
improvements.

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Otherwise

Planned

Improvements

Additional

Facilities

For infomiation purposes, the following discussion is presented to
identify otherwise planned improvements to VEA’s electrical
system. As presented in previous documents, which have been
submitted to the BLM, the Pahrump Valley has experienced
unprecedented population growth. This has resulted in an
accelerated increase of electrical demand for residential and
commercial use. The existing electrical system constructed 30 years
ago, which serves this area, is not sufficient to meet present and
future load growth requirements. This unprecedented growth is
coupled with an additional concern over reliability of the existing
system and associated maintenance problems for handling of power
outages. Otherwise planned improvements, which VEA has either
received authorization or are applying for authorization from the
Bureau of Land Management, include:

*1* Vista - Mercury 138/230 kV Line (BLM Serial # N-62861)
Continuation of Vista - Mercury 138/230 kV Line to
Northwest Substation (currently discussing with BLM)

Additional facilities currently planned,’ but not requiring
authorization from the BLM.

*1* Gamebird - Thousandaire 138 kV Transmission (Under
constRiction-located entirely on private properties)
Thousandaire - Vista 138 kV Transmission (scheduled for
construction in 2002 - located entirely on private
properties)

Specific facilities associated with the Table Mountain project
include the 230 kV Substation, located directly east of the Table
Mountain site. Other impacts to VEA’s electrical system beyond the
aforementioned, would include the possible change in selection of
conductor for new transmission lines, to optimize line loading and
system losses associated with the interconnected generation. In
addition, ongoing studies, performed by Nevada Power Company
have also impacted studies previously perfonned by VEA. As a
result, these studies will need to be re-evaluated to verify that the
current 500 kV improvements, proposed by NPC, will not negatively
impact VEA’s transmission system.

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Table Mountain 230 kV Substation Project is proposed to
connect M & N Wind Power’s Generator Collector System to
VEA’s Mead to Pahrump 230 kV transmission line. Wind power

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generated on Table and Shenandoah Mountains will be transmitted
to the Table Mountain Substation where it will be transfonned to
230 kV and placed on the transmission grid.

Field investigation has been conducted by VEA, ECT and M & N
Wind Power to determine a preliminary substation site. The
proposed site is shown on the Area Plan - Topo Map, drawing 18-
D-P211.

The proposed site is located near the intersection of the Mead to
Pahrump 230 kV transmission line and State Highway 161,
approximately 1.3 miles from Goodsprings, Nevada.

The proposed facility is a modem low-profile substation
comprised of four major components; the collector stmeture,
step-up transformers, 230 kV switchyard and a control building.

The collector structure consists of a main-and-transfer bus,
disconnect switches, power circuit breakers, and takeoff stmetures.
Power will be delivered to the collector stmeture via four overhead
circuits temiinating on the takeoff stmetures. Under normal
operating conditions, two circuits will be combined and fed to each
step-up transfonner. Under contingency condition, up to all four
circuits could be combined and fed to a single transformer.

The step-up transfomiers will have a base rating of 60 MVA. The
units will be fan cooled with two stages of fans, which increase the
rating to 100 MVA. Fans are thermostatically controlled and will
only mn during periods of continuous high generator output.

The 230 kV Switchyard consists of a four position ring bus,
disconnect switches, power circuit breakers, and the 230 kV
takeoff stmetures. The existing Mead to Pahmmp Transmission
Line will be tapped into the switchyard where power flowing
through the transfomiers will be added.

The control building will house protective relaying and control
equipment for the substation. It will also contain communication
equipment for protective relaying and wind generator control
purposes. The control building may also contain office space and
a small restroom.

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4.0 PROJECT ACTIVn iES

Surveying

Geotechnical

Investigation

Site

Work

4. 1 Construction

The proposed project would be constructed using conventional
methods. A description of the proposed conventional methods is
presented below:

Construction of the substation would generally follow a sequential
set of activities perfonned by specialized crews. Constniction
activities would include:

1. Surveying - Surveying includes locating the project site and
tying it to section comers. It also includes creating a detailed
comprehensive topographic plan of the site and surrounding
areas, which will be used to determine earthwork
requirements. After the site has been prepared, a survey will
be used to establish baselines, which will be used to determine
the locations of stmctures and equipment.

2. Geotechnical Investigation - After the project site has been
located, a geotechnical investigation will be perfomied to
determine soil characteristics. This data will be used to design
foundations for structures and equipment. During the
investigation, several 6” diameter holes will be drilled up to 30
feet deep. These holes will be backfilled immediately with
soil removed from the holes.

3. Site Work - Site work includes all of the work necessary to
prepare the site for construction. The site will be cleared of all
vegetation and organic material. This material will be
disposed of as approved by the BLM. For BLM identified
species of concern, BLM removal procedures will be used.

The site will then be graded to a manageable slope, with 1%
grade being optimum and 3% grade being maximum. The area
surrounding the site will be graded to fonn a smooth transition
between the site and surrounding area. Where steep transitions
are required, erosion control techniques will be used.

The substation will be encompassed by a 7 foot high chain link
fence with an additional foot of barbed wire on bayonet anns.
Where possible, all constmction materials and equipment will
be stored inside the fence. However, delivery schedules of
major equipment may necessitate storage outside the fence.

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4

Substation

Erection

Substation

Grounding

Transmission

Line

Work

Clean-up

4. Substation Erection The substation will be erected using
modem construction techniques. Concrete foundations will be
required for all equipment and stmctures. Structures will be
galvanized steel. Bus work will be aluminum pipe and
aluminum cable. All substation insulators and bushings will be
light gray porcelain.

PVC conduits will be buried to facilitate the routing of control
cables to equipment. Station lighting w'ill be installed per
National Electrical Safety Code requirements. Lights will not
be on automatic control and will be lit only when personnel are
inside the substation.

5. Substation Grounding - A grounding system will be designed
per available fault current at the substation that meets or
exceeds RUS standards. The system will be comprised of a
grid of bare copper wire direct-buried in the ground
approximately 18 inches below the surface. Copper leads will
be attached to all stmctures and equipment. The perimeter
fence will be grounded at intervals of not more than 40 feet
and at all gates. In addition, the ground grid will extend to 3
feet outside the fence to protect anyone who may come in
contact with the fence. At the conclusion of constmetion, the
entire substation will be covered with emshed rock surfacing
suitable for substation use.

6. Transmission Line Work - Transmission line work covered by
this document includes only the work associated with tapping
the Mead to Pahmmp 230 kV transmission line into the
substation. Two new full-tension deadends will be installed
which will temiinate the new Mead to Table Mountain and
Table Mountain to Pahmmp line segments. Conductor will
then be strung to the takeoff stmctures inside the substation.
These stmctures will require concrete caisson foundations.
Transmission line work will be consistent with modem
construction practices.

7. Post Constmetion Cleanup ~ The Contractor will be required to
have a continuous cleanup program throughout construction.
The Contractor will restore land surrounding the substation to
its pre-construction condition. Restoration will include the
removal of deep mts and the disposal of foreign objects such
as; stumps, chunks of concrete, pile cut-off, materials, etc.
Restoration includes recontouring and reseeding impacted
areas with vegetation similar to the original, cleaning trash out
of gullies and restoring terraces.

() ■ r. S\ /'.(/'.V Mi<u!iL:iin-l‘LA\'l)l''.V ! X >(' 5

!

O & M

Right-of-Way

Location

The Contractor will be required to keep a clean, work area and
will have a covered dumpster on site to contain any trash that
can be blown away. After completion of the project, a final
walk-through will be completed by the Project Engineer. The
Project Engineer will note any waste or material left on site
and any ruts or terrain damage or vegetation disturbance that
has not been repaired. The Contractor will be given this list
and final payment will not be received until all items are
completed.

4.2 Operation and Maintenance

Maintenance of the proposed project will occur continuously over
the life of the project. All normal operation and maintenance
activities will take place on the developed areas of the project site.
The substation will be designed such that certain operations may be
performed remotely.

4.3 Abandonment and Reclamation

At the end of the useful life of the proposed Table Mountain
Substation, the equipment would either be replaced or removed. The
useful life of the facility will be determined largely by the useful life
of the wind generation project and system loads in the region.

Assuming the substation is abandoned at some point in the future,
the areas disturbed during removal of the facilities would be restored
in accordance with applicable regulations at that time and in
accordance with federal agency requirements. The site would be re-
graded as near as is feasible to its original condition. Native
vegetation would also be re-introduced.

5.0 RIGHT-OF-WAY LOCATION

This right-of-way grant request amends the existing authorization
No. N-57100 for the Mead to Pahrump Transmission line. The
parcel in question is located in the Northeast comer of Section 34
and the Northwest comer of Section 35, Township 24S, Range 58E,
Clark Co., Nevada. A legal description of the parcel has not yet
been prepared. The requested parcel is 10 acres, with approximate
boundaries shown on drawing 18-D-P212.

• .VA !)( )( ' 6

6.0

PROJECT SCHEDULE

Project

Schedule

The Project Schedule for the Table Mountain Substation has been
broken out into three phases including environmental permitting,
project constniction and online service. It is anticipated that in order
to obtain all of the required permitting including completion of the
final EIS will require 7 to 10 months and be completed by late 2001.
It is assumed that development of the entire Table Mountain
generation site will be included under a single EIS. Pending
completion of the EIS, project construction could start in early 2002
with a construction period of approximately 4-6 months. Initial
energization of the substation is anticipated during mid-2002 with an
overall on-line service date of December 31, 2002. The schedule for
the proposed project is entirely dependent upon improvements
associated with the Table Mountain wind generation project and is
not directly related to serving VEA consumers. Consequently, this
schedule is subject to change based upon the M & N Wind Power
Project Schedule.

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SHCNA^SDOAH

MOUNTAIN

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1 '

Appendix B

Clark County Road Standards

‘ i

Unil'onn Standard Specifications, Clark County

Page 1 of 1

STREETS AND HIGHWAYS DOCUMENTS

Uniform Standard Specifications, Clark County Area

• Uniform Standard Specifications

Table of Contents - Sections 101-503. 504-660, 701-729 (Revised
05/17/01)

Index - A-C, D_-0, P-R, S-Z (Revised 05/17/01)

• List of Revisions

o 1997 Release - Revision Set I
o 1999 Release - Revision Set II
o 2000 Release - Revision Set

- Table of (Sontents - Sections 101-503, 504^:

660. 701-729

- Index - A-C, D-0, P-R, S-Z

o Latest Revisions (January 1, 2001 Thru Present)
o Proposed Revisions In Committee

[Home] II [Whars„New] II [ Dgcumenl Index] II [Search] II tContact the RTCt

Copyright © 1998 Regional Transportation Commission.

Last modified: August 03, 2001

( i

I

Latest Revisions

Page I of 5

STREETS AND HIGHWAYS DOCUMENTS

Uniform Standard Specifications and Drawings
Approved Revisions

In accordance with procedures adopted by the Regional Transportation Commission
(RTC) on November 10, 1999, revisions to the Uniform Standard Specifications and
Drawings for the Clark County Area, will be posted to the internet and will be effective on
the first day of the month following approval by the RTC. If you wish to be notified of
future revisions to the specifications and drawings via FAX or e-mail, please complete
the notification form provided on the previous page.

*Revised table of contents and index available for drawngs and specifications.

January 1, 2002 -- No Changes
December 1, 2001

Specifications - (RTC approved 11/8/01)

Section 401

"Plantmix Bituminous Pavements - General"

a) Subsection 401.02.01 - Revision to Marshall Design Criteria Table to change
ESAL (Equivalent Single Axle Load) to Tl (Traffic Index)

b) Subsection 401 .03.12 - Revision to field density testing requirements including
deleting the use of zinc stearate.

Section 705

"Aggregates for Bituminous Courses" - Subsection 705.03.01 - Revision to include
new test methods (methylene blue, fine aggregate angularity, stripping, etc.) and
change the requirements for fractured faces.

November 1, 2001 - No Changes

October 1, 2001 — No Changes

September 1, 2001 -- No Changes

August 1, 2001

/ /

I-

Latest Revisions

Page 2 of 5

Volume II Drawings -- (RTC approved 7/12/01)

No. 404.141

"Pull Box Foundation" - Replaces 1/2" rock requirement with the use of compacted
native material or sand.

July 1, 2001

Volume I Drawings -- (RTC approved 6/14/01)

No. 254A

"Crosswalk Markings" - Eliminates the transverse markings from the current
"ladder" type marking used. (City of Las Vegas excluded from the standard)

June 1, 2001

Specifications -- (RTC approved 5/17/01)

Section 208

"Trench Excavation and Backfill"

a) Subsection 208.02.08 - Revision to Type ill table to add a #200 sieve gradation
limit.

b) Subsection 208.03.02 - Revision to change the requirement for the use of
crushed rock as a pipe bedding material.

c) Subsections 208.02.06, 208.03.02, 208.03.03, 208.03.04 and 208.03.05 -
Revision to change references of flowable backfill to controlled low strength
material (CLSM).

d) Subsection 208.03.05 - Revision to clarify the mechanical placement
requirement for asphalt.

Section 505

"Reinforcing Steel" - Subsection 505.02.02 - Revision to clarify how rebar is
sampled.

Section 629

"Water Distribution Facilities" - Subsection 629.02.24 - Revision to replace concrete
specification with reference to Section 501, "Portland Cement Concrete".

Volume I Drawings

No. 502

"Trench Backfill - Unpaved Areas and Areas Outside Existing or Future Proposed
Street Right-of-Way" ■ Revision to change the requirement for the use of crushed
rock as a pipe bedding material, change references of flowable backfill to controlled
low strength material (CLSM) and add Type III aggregate as backfill material.

No. 503

"Trench Backfill - Paved Areas (Streets with 60' or Less R/W)" - Revision to change
the requirement for the use of crushed rock as a pipe bedding material, to change
references of flowable backfill to controlled low strength material (CLSM), add Type

«

Lalesl Revisions

f^age 3 of 5

III aggregate as backfill material and to clarify the mechanical placement of asphalt.
No. 504

"Trench Backfill with Flowable Backfill Paved Areas (Streets Greater Than 60'

R/W)" - Revision to change the requirement for the use of crushed rock as a pipe
bedding material, to change references of flowable backfill to controlled low
strength material (CLSM), add Type III aggregate as backfill material and to clarify
the mechanical placement of asphalt.

No. 505

"Pipe Trench Bedding Methods" - Revision to change the requirement for the use of
crushed rock as a pipe bedding material

Volume II Drawings

No. 404.1419

"Installation of Conduit" - Revision to change references of flowable backfill to
controlled low strength material (CLSM) and to clarify the requirement for
mechanical placement of asphalt

May 1, 2001

Specifications -- (RTC approved 4/12/01)

Section 610

"Slope and Channel Protection" - Subsection 610.02.04 - Revision to remove 500
revolution rotation from Percent of Wear Source Requirement.

April 1, 2001 -- No Changes

March 1, 2001

Specifications -- (RTC approved 2/8/01)

Section 508

"Piling" - Subsection 508.01.10 (b) - Revision to add specification for crosshole
sonic logging of piles.

Section 701

"Portland Cement" - Revision to reduce the required minimum cement content in
concrete used for precast products, pipe and box culverts, with zero slump mix
design.

February 1, 2001 - No Changes
January 1, 2001

Specifications - (RTC approved 12/14/00)

Latest Revisions

Page 4 of 5

Section 301

"Selected Material Base or Surface" - Subsection 301.03.01 - Revision to establish
a tolerance for the preparation of subgrade.

Section 302

"Aggregate Base Courses" - Subsections 302.03.01 and 302.03.06 - Revisions to
establish tolerances for the preparation of subgrade and aggregate base.

Section 401

"Plantmix Bituminous Pavements" - Subsections 401 .01 .02, 401 .02.05, 401 .03.04
and 401.03.12 - Revisions to establish pavement acceptance criteria and pavement
structural design standards which are in accordance with AASHTO.

Section 613

"Concrete Curb, Walk, Gutters, Driveways and Alley Intersections" - Subsection
613.03.06 - Paragraphs five and seven removed.

Section 706

"Aggregate for Portland Cement Products" - Subsection 706.02.01 - revisions to
aggregate grading table and the addition of alternative to the mix design submittal
process using qualified mix designs available on the Internet.

Section 208 (208.03.02), Section 213 (213.02.10), Section 501 (501.03.05),

Section 502 (502.01.01, 502.03.09, 502.04.01), Section 508 (508.03.10), Section
601 (601 .05.01 ), Section 609 (609.03.02), Section 611 (61 1 .02.01 ), Section 613
(613.01.01), Section 616 (616.03.01, 616.03.03), Section 617 (617.02.01), Section
618 (618.03.01), Section 621 (621.02.01). Section 623 (623G.03.06)

Specifications revised to eliminate references to specific class of concrete.

Volume I Drawings -- (RTC approved 12/14/00)

No. 200

"Pavement Structure Design Guideline Chart for Major Collector and Arterial
Roadways" - New drawing to provide design guidelines for street structural sections
(corresponds to revisions made to Section 401 of the Specifications).

No. 200A

"Pavement Structure Design Chart for Minor Collector and Residential Roadways" -
New drawing to provide design guidelines for street structural sections
(corresponds to revisions made to Section 401 of the Specifications).

No. 209A

"Access Roads" - Additional drawing for access roads for use within PM-10
compliant areas only.

No. 210

"Private Street Sections" - Revision to allow gravel street sections within PM-10
compliant areas only.

Drawing Nos.: 214, 215,216,218, 219,220,221,223,224,226,226.1,226.2

i

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4

Latest Revisions

Page 5 of 5

227, 228, 234, 234.1, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 252, 253, 401, 408, 411, 413,
414, 416, 505, 512, 513, 514, 516, 517

Drawings revised to eliminate reference to specific class of concrete.

[Home] II [What's New] II [ pocument Index] II [Search] II [Contact the RTC]

Copyright© 1998 Regional Transportation Commission.

Last modified; January 07, 2002

)

DIVISION II

201

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
SECTION 201
CLEARING AND GRUBBING
DESCRIPTION

201.01.01 GENERAL: This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing, and disposing of all vegetation
and debris within the limits of construction, except such objects as are designated to remain or be removed in
accordance with other sections of these specifications. This work shall also include the preservation from injury
or defacement of all vegetation and objects designated to remain.

CONSTRUCTION

201.03.01 GENERAL: The Engineer will establish clearing limits and designate all trees, shrubs, plants, and
other things to remain. Areas to be cleared will be as set forth in Subsection 201.03.02, "Areas to be Cleared."
The Contractor shall preserve all things designated to remain. Paint required for cut or scarred surfaces of trees
or shrubs selected for retention shall be an approved asphaltum base paint prepared especially for tree surgery.
Subsection 107.21, "Dust Nuisance" shall be complied with.

201.03.02 AREAS TO BE CLEARED: Areas to be cleared shall be one or more of the following:

(a) The entire area upon which the project construction is to be performed to the width of the excavation
and embankment slope lines.

(b) Ditch and dike areas to the width of the slope lines.

(c) Areas on which service roads or ramps, streets, approaches, and all other accessory roads and
connections are to be constructed, such areas to extend to the width of the excavation and embankment
slope lines.

(d) Designated material sites and designated borrow pits.

(e) Areas designated in the plans or Special Provisions.

201.03.03 CLEARING AND GRUBBING: Surface objects and trees, stumps, roots, and other protruding
obstructions, designated for removal, shall be cleared or grubbed or both. Unless otherwise specified, the
Contractor may leave stumps and nonperishable solid objects provided they do not extend more than six (6) inches
(15 centimeters) above the ground line or low water level, and are a minimum of three (3) feet (1 meter) below
subgrade or embankment slope.

The Engineer may permit sound stumps to be cut off not more than six (6) inches (15 centimeters) above the
ground and to be left outside of the construction limits of cut and embankment areas, except in the area to be
rounded at the top of backslopes where stumps are to be cut off flush with or below the surface of the final slope
line.

201-1

1

201

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Where feasible, trees shall be felled toward the center of the area to be cleared. Where trees cannot be felled
without danger to traffic or injury to other trees, structures, or property, they shall be cut in sections from the
top down.

'fhere shall be no burning unless approval has been given in writing by the Clark County Air Pollution Control
— Air Pollution Control Officer and this approval concurred in by the Engineer. If perishable material is burned,
it shall be burned under the constant care of competent watchmen at such times and in such a manner that
anything designated to remain on the right-of-way, the surrounding forest cover, or other adjacent property will
not be jeopardized. Burning shall be done in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and ordinances.

When permitted by the Engineer, materials, debris and perishable materials may be removed from the right-of-
way and disposed of at locations off the project outside the limits of view from the project with the written
permission of the property owner on whose property the materials and debris are placed. The Contractor shall
make all necessary arrangements with property owners for obtaining suitable disposal locations and the cost
involved shall be included in the unit price bid. Attention is directed to Subsection 107. 14, "Disposal of Material
Outside Right-of-Way."

Except in areas to be excavated, stump holes and other holes from which obstructions are removed shall be
backfilled with suitable materials and compacted in accordance with Subsection 203.03.17, "Compaction, Dirt
Embankment" or 203.03.18, "Compaction, Rock Embankment" if within the staked prism. Payment for
backfilling and compacting will be considered subsidiary to other items of the work and no further compensation
will be made therefor.

All merchantable timber in the clearing area shall become the property of the Contractor unless otherwise
provided. Timber and debris may be stored or decked within the right-of-way only in areas approved by the
Engineer and must be removed prior to final acceptance of the project.

Low hanging branches and unsound or unsightly branches on trees or shrubs designated to remain shall be
removed as directed. Branches of trees extending over the road shall be trimmed to give a clear height of twenty
(20) feet (6 meters) above the road surface. All trimming shall be done by skilled workmen and in accordance
with good tree surgery practices.

Scalping shall include the removal of material such as brush, roots, sod, grass, residue of agricultural crops,
sawdust, and decayed vegetable matter from the surface of the ground.

Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, the Contractor shall scalp areas where excavation or embankment
is^ to be made, except that mowed sod need not be removed where the embankment to be constructed is four (4)
feet (1.2 meters) or more in height to subgrade elevation.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

201.04.01 MEASUREMENT: Measurement will be by one or more of the following alternate methods:

(a) Area Basis. The work to be paid for will be the number of acres (hectares) and fractions thereof
acceptably cleared or grubbed or both within the limits staked for clearing and grubbing by the Engineer.
Unless otherwise specified, material sites, borrow pits, and areas not shown on the plans or not staked
for clearing and grubbing will not be measured for payment.

(b) Lump Sum Basis. When the bid schedule contains a clearing and grubbing lump sum item, no
measurement of area will be made.

(c) Linear Basis. When a linear unit quantity is shown on the bid schedule, the length will be measured
along the construction centerline in stations or miles (meters or kilometers).

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(d) Individual Unit Basis.

(1) The diameter of trees will be measured at a height of twenty-four (24) inches (61 centimeters) above
the ground. Trees less than six (6) inches (15 centimeters) in diameter will be classed as brush.

(2) Stumps of over six (6) inches (15 centimeters) in diameter will be measured by individual count.

All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT

201.05.01 PAYMENT: The accepted quantities of clearing and grubbing measured as provided in Subsection
201.04.01, "Measurement," will be paid for at the contract prices as follows;

(a) Area Basis. The quantities determined will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per acre (hectare).

(b) Lump Sum Basis. When the bid schedule contains a lump sum item the contract lump sum price bid
will be paid and shall be full compensation for the work.

(c) Linear Basis. When linear quantities are shown in the bid schedule, the quantities will be paid at the
contract unit price bid for this item.

(d) Individual Unit Basis. When individual unit quantities are shown on the bid schedule, the accepted
quantities will be paid for at the contract unit price bid for the respective items.

Where trees are designated for removal on a unit "each" basis, payment therefor will be for their
complete removal unless stumps are permitted to remain as set forth in Subsection 201 .03.03, "Clearing
and Grubbing."

(e) Exclusion. When the bid schedule does not contain an estimated quantity or lump sum item for clearing
and grubbing, the work will not be paid for directly, but will be considered as a subsidiary obligation
of the Contractor under other contract items.

All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

Payment will be made under;

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

Clearing and Grubbing Acre (hectare). Station (30 meters), Miles (kilometers). Lump Sum

Remove Trees Each

Remove Stumps Each

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SECTION 203

EXCAVATION AND FJVIBANKMENT

DESCRIPTION

203.01.01 GENERAI^: This work shall consist of grading and excavating the roadway, excavating borrow pits,
removing slide material, and excavating ditches and stream channels and satisfactorily disposing of all excavated
material and all work necessary for the construction and completion of cuts, embankments, slopes, ditches, dikes,
stream channels, approaches, parking areas, intersecting driveways and highways, and subsidiary work.
Exceptions are slope rounding, structure excavation, or other separately designated pay items of work which are
made a part of the contract. All work shall be in conformity with the alignment, grades, and cross sections
shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

203.01.02 GRADE TOLERANCE: Immediately prior to placing subsequent layers of material thereon, the
grading plane shall conform to one of the following:

(1) When the material to be placed on the subgrade is to be paid for by the ton, the subgrade shall not vary
more than 0.10 foot above or below the grade established by the Engineer.

(2) When the material to be placed on the subgrade is to be paid for by the cubic yard, the surface of the
subgrade at any point shall not vary more than 0.05 foot above the grade established by the Engineer.

MATERIALS

203.02.01 ROADWAY EXCAVATION: Roadway excavation shall consist of all excavation involved in
grading and constructing the roadway and appurtenances, irrespective of the nature or type of material
encountered; except excavation designated as structure excavation, drainage excavation, channel, and borrow
excavation when these items are provided as items of work under the contract. Dividing the project into
construction stages shall not be construed as separate material classifications.

203.02.02 DRAINAGE EXCAVATION: Drainage excavation shall include all excavation in the construction
of open ditches less than twelve (12) feet (3.7 meters) in bottom width, excepting ditches that are part of the
roadway prism as shown in the plans. The nature or type of material encountered shall have no bearing on the
classification of material.

203.02.03 CHANNEL EXCAVATION: Channel excavation shall include all excavation in the construction of
open ditches or stream channels with a bottom width of twelve (12) feet (3.7 meters) or more with the exception
of ditches that are part of the roadway prism as shown in the plans. The nature or type of material encountered
shall have no bearing on the classification of material.

203.02.04 BORROW: Borrow shall consist of approved material excavated and used in the construction of fills,
or for other construction purposes. Borrow shall be material which is excavated from sources specified in the

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Special Provisions or designated by the Engineer. The source of material to be excavated shall be approved in
advance by the Engineer. Borrow shall be excavated to the lines and grades established by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer sufficiently in advance of opening any borrow site so that adequate
lime will be allowed for testing the material and establishing cross section elevations and measurements of the
ground surface. The widening of roadway cuts shall be considered as roadway excavation and not as borrow,
unless otherwise specified. Borrow excavation will not be classified according to type or character of material
encountered in the borrow area unless otherwise required in the Special Provisions.

203.02.05 SELECTED BORROW: Selected borrow shall consist of approved material required for the
construction of embankments within the required limits shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer, and shall
be obtained from approved sources.

Selected borrow shall conform to the requirements set forth in the Special Provisions.

CONSTRUCTION

203.03.01 ROADWAY: All excavation shall be made true to lines and grades staked by the Engineer and shall
be so conducted as to avoid removing or loosening any material outside the required slopes. If any material is
so disturbed, it shall be replaced and thoroughly compacted to the required cross section, unless such replacement
is impractical as determined by the Engineer.

The work done under this section shall begin at some definite point or points on the project subject to the
approval of the Engineer, and the work shall progress toward completion in an orderly manner. The roadway
shall be graded to full cross section width before placing base or surfacing of any type, unless otherwise specified.

Intersecting roads, service highways, ramps, approaches, and driveways shall be graded as shown on the plans
or established by the Engineer.

All suitable material removed from the excavation shall be used as far as practicable in the formation of
embankments, subgrade, shoulders, slopes, dikes, and backfill for structures, unless otherwise indicated on the
plans or disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. Excavated material shall not be wasted without
permission.

203.03.02 UNSUITABLE MATERIAL: Unsuitable material shall be defined as soil or organic matter not
suitable for foundation material regardless of moisture content. Material that is unsuitable for planned use,
including material below the natural ground surface in embankment areas, shall be excavated and disposed of in
a manner approved by the Engineer or as specified in the contract documents.

When unsuitable material is removed and disposed of, the resulting space shall be filled with material suitable
for the planned use. Such suitable material shall be placed and compacted in layers as hereinafter specified under
embankment.

Disposal of material outside the right-of-way shall be in accordance with Subsection 107.14, "Disposal of
Material Outside Project Right-of-Way."

203.03.03 BLASTING: Any material outside the authorized cross section on the backslopes which may be
shattered or loosened because of blasting shall be removed by the Contractor at his expense. Shattered or
loosened material below the bottom limits of required excavation shall be uniformly distributed and compacted
or otherwise disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. The Contractor shall discontinue any method

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of blasting which leads to overshooting or is dangerous to the public or destructive to property or to natural
features.

The use of coyote holes in blasting is prohibited. Attention is directed to Subsection 107.10, "Explosives."

203.03.04 ROCK CUTS: In excavating side hill rock cuts and rock cliffs, the Contractor shall exercise care
and use precautionary methods so as not to break down, loosen, or otherwise damage supporting rock below the
bottom limits of required excavation. In general, such cuts shall be worked from the top of lifts of such height
that will not damage the bench of rock below the bottom limits of required excavation. The Contractor shall be
responsible for the methods used, and for any damage to the roadbed resulting from his operations.

The slope of ail roclc cuts shall be scaled and dressed to a safe, stable condition by removing all loose spalls
and rock not firmly keyed to the rock slope. Overhanging rock shall be removed when, in the opinion of the
Engineer, it may be a hazard to public use of the roadway.

In solid rock excavation, slopes shall be constructed to the approximate neat lines staked by the Engineer.
No rock shall project or overhang more than twelve (12) inches (30 centimeters) from the true slope.

203.03.05 OVERBREAK: Overbreak is that portion of material excavated, displaced or loosened outside and
beyond the slopes or grade as staked or re-established, regardless of whether any such overbreak is due to
blasting, the inherent character of any formation encountered, or to any other cause. Slides and slipouts as
defined in Subsection 203.03.10, "Slides and Slipouts," and that portion of rock subgrade as hereinafter set forth,
shall not be considered overbreak. All side slope overbreak as so defined shall be removed by the Contractor
and shall be disposed of in the same manner as provided for the surplus under the heading of "Surplus Material,"
but at his own expense and without any allowance for overhaul.

Rock removed to a maximum depth of six (6) inches (15 centimeters) below subgrade will be measured for
payment as described in Subsection 203.04.01(b), "Overbreak."

203.03.06 SLOPES: All excavation and embankment slopes, except in solid rock, shall be trimmed to the lines
staked by the Engineer. The degree of smoothness shall be that normally obtained by hand shovel operations,
or blade grader operations.

203.03.07 WIDEMNG CUTS: If the Engineer directs the Contractor to excavate beyond the limits of the
typical cross section originally proposed and within the limits of the right-of-way, the Contractor shall do so and
compensation therefore will be as set forth in Subsection 203.04.01(c), "Widening Cuts."

203.03.08 SURPLUS MATERIAL: Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, surplus excavated
material shall be used to widen embankments uniformly, or to flatten slopes, or at other locations, all in a manner
satisfactory to the Engineer. No surplus material shall be disposed of above the grade of the adjacent roadbed
nor shall the Contractor waste any material unless approved in writing by the Engineer.

If the quantity of surplus material is specified in the contract documents, such quantity shall be considered
approximate only. The Contractor shall satisfy himself that there is sufficient material available for the
completion of the embankments within the areas involved before disposing of any indicated surplus material inside
or outside the right-of-way. Any shortage of material caused by premature disposal of the indicated surplus
material by the Contractor shall be replaced by him and no compensation will be allowed the Contractor for such
replacement.

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203.03.09 SELECTED MATERIAL: When specified in the contract documents, or when selected by the
Engineer, suitable selected material encountered in excavating or widening the roadway prism or any other
excavation within the highway right-of-way, or in the excavation or borrow, shall be used for finishing the top
portion of the subgrade.

Selected material shall be defined as material which is excavated from one or more of the above sources and
which is used for selective purposes.

When practicable, selected material shall be hauled directly from excavation to its final position on the roadbed
and compacted in place, and such work shall be paid for at the contract unit price for the excavation item
involved. Attention is directed to Subsection 104.05, "Rights in and Use of Materials Found on the Work."

When the transporting of selected material directly from excavation to its final position on the roadway is
impractical, the selected material shall be left in place until it can be placed in final position and no additional
compensation will be made because of the delayed excavation. If, however, the conditions are such that the
undisturbed selected material will hamper ordinary grading operations or cause unnecessary movements of
equipment, the Engineer may order in writing the removal of sufficient selected materials and the stockpiling
thereof to enable practical hauling operations. If the excavation and stockpiling of selected material is specified
in the contract documents or is ordered by the Engineer, the excavation shall be from, and the stockpiling at,
locations designated by the Engineer. The selected material shall be removed from the stockpile and placed in
final position on the roadbed when approved by the Engineer.

Measurement for payment of selected material stockpiled as above provided will be in accordance with
Subsection 203.04.01(d), "Selected Material."

203.03.10 SLIDES AND SLIPOUTS: Material outside the planned roadway or ditch slopes which is unstable
and constitutes potential slides in the opinion of the Engineer, material from slides which has come into the
roadway or ditch, and material which has slipped out of new or old embankments shall be excavated and
removed. The material shall be excavated to designated lines or slopes either by benching or in such manner as
approved by the Engineer. Such material shall be used in the construction of the embankments or disposed of
as approved by the Engineer.

The above provisions shall not be so construed as to relieve the Contractor from the duty of maintaining all
slopes true and smooth. Erosion, regardless of amount or extent, caused by the action of the elements which
-results in damage to work or materials, shall in no case be considered a slide or slipout. Measurement for
payment will be in accordance with Subsection 203.04.01(f), "Slides and Slipouts."

203.03.11 DRAINAGE: During construction of the roadway, the roadbed shall be maintained in such condition
that it will be well drained at all times.

V-type ditches shall be formed to the cross section and dimensions on the plans by means of suitable
equipment which will deposit all loose material on the downhill side so that the bottom of the finished ditches
shall not be less than two (2) feet six (6) inches (2.5 meters) below the crest of the loose material piled on the
downhill side.

In going from cut to fill, the roadway ditches shall be so cut as to avoid damage to embankments by erosion.

The flat-bottom ditches indicated on the plans, or staked by the Engineer, shall be excavated to the required
cross section and grade. Materials so obtained shall be used to construct roadway embankments or dikes or both,
to form a continuous diversion channel as staked by the Engineer.

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203.03.12 CHANNELS: To avoid destruction of natural growth during construction of ditches, channels, or
dikes, travel of equipment shall be confined to the construction limits. Where ditches, channels or dikes are
nearly parallel to the roadway, turn-arounds shall not be located closer than two hundred (200) feet (60 meters)
apart. Attention is directed to Subsection 107.12, "Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape."

Fine grading of channel bottoms will not be required unless paving is specified.

203.03.13 BORROW: A possible source of borrow material may be indicated in the contract documents. If
the Contractor desires to use borrow materials from sources other than those described in the contract documents,
he shall, at his own expense, acquire the necessary right to take materials and pay all costs involved. All costs
of exploring such alternate sources shall be borne by the Contractor. Use of material from these sources will not
be permitted until approved in writing by the Engineer.

The successful bidder shall, at the time of execution of the contract, execute an "Agreement" for all borrow
deposits obtained under an "Option and Agreement for Sale of Materials" when said "Option" is contained in the
Special Provisions. This agreement shall be executed whether the material is to be used or not.

In case designated borrow deposits fail to contain the necessary quantity of acceptable material, the Contractor
shall immediately notify the Engineer in writing. The Engineer shall thereupon investigate, and if his
investigation shows that there is not sufficient quantity of acceptable material, he shall designate an alternate
deposit in which to obtain the deficit.

In all borrow pits having undesirable material, including overburden, refuse, organic and deleterious
substances, the material shall be removed and wasted or redistributed, in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.
All costs incurred therefor shall be considered as incidental and subsidiary to the borrow.

Borrow shall not be obtained until all other excavation items are complete to the extent necessary to determine
the need for borrow.

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer sufficiently in advance of opening any borrow areas so that cross
section elevations and measurements of the ground surface after stripping may be taken, and the borrow materials
can be tested before being used. Sufficient time for testing the borrow shall be allowed.

Borrow deposits shall be excavated to regular lines as staked to permit accurate measurement. The dimensions
of the borrow deposit will be designated and the Contractor shall not excavate below the depth or outside limits
given, except with prior approval. The depth of excavation throughout the area of the borrow pits shall be as
uniform as practicable and the side slopes shall conform to the requirements of Section 626, "Final Clean Up."
Unless otherwise permitted, borrow pits shall be excavated so that they will drain to the nearest natural outlet.

All materials which are not satisfactory for use for the purposes intended shall be rejected at the pit and
disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.

If the Contractor excavates more material than is required, the excess will not be measured for payment.

All work and materials required to build and maintain borrow haul roads and obliteration of haul roads in
accordance with Section 626, "Final Clean Up" shall be considered subsidiary to the "borrow" item and no
further compensation will be allowed therefor.

203.03.14 FOUNDATION: When embankment is to be placed and compacted on hillsides, or when new
embankment is to be compacted against existing embankments, or when embankment is to be built one half width
at a time, the slopes that are steeper than four to one (4; 1), when measured at right angles to the roadway, shall
be continuously benched as the work is brought up in layers. Benching shall be of sufficient width to permit
operations of placing and compacting equipment. Each horizontal cut shall begin at the intersection of the
original ground and the vertical sides of the previous cuts. Material thus cut out shall be recompacted along with

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the new embankment material at the Contractor’s expense, unless the width of excavation required by the
Engineer exceeds six (6) feet (1.8 meters), in which case the excavated material excess of six (6) feet (1.8 meters)
will be measured and paid for as roadway excavation.

All foundations for embankment shall be cleared and grubbed in accordance with Section 201, "Clearing and
Grubbing."

In designated areas, unsuitable material shall be removed and disposed of as prescribed in Subsection
203.03.02, "Unsuitable Material."

Where twelve (12) inches (30 centimeters) or less of embankment is placed over existing bituminous surface,
such surface shall be removed and incorporated in the embankment or otherwise disposed of as approved by the
Engineer. Where more' than twelve (12) inches (30 centimeters) of embankment is placed over existing
bituminous surface, such surface shall be left undisturbed. Measurement for removal of existing bituminous
material will be as prescribed in Subsection 203.04.01, "Measurement," and paid for as roadway excavation
unless the contract documents specifically called for payment under Section 202, "Removal of Structures and
Obstructions."

203.03.15 EMBANKMENT MATERIALS: Embankments shall be constructed with suitable materials,
excavated as prescribed and with any excess materials from other operations which are acceptable and suitable
for use.

All materials used in embankment shall be free from objectionable material such as leaves, grass, roots, logs,
stumps, brush, or other perishable material.

When there is a choice of material, the excavation shall be made so the best material will be placed on top
of the embankment for at least one (1) foot (30 centimeters) in depth. This paragraph shall not be interpreted
as to require the Contractor to stockpile and subsequently rehandle embankment materials except as provided in
Subsection 203.03.09, "Selected Material."

Material shall not be placed in the embankment when either the material, foundation or the embankment on
which it would be placed is frozen.

Where embankments are to be made of material from rock cuts or other material which is unsuitable for
finishing the roadbed, the upper six (6) inches (15 centimeters) of the roadbed shall be formed of approved
material.

203.03.16 PLACING EMBANKMENT: For embankment or backfill deposited against structures, attention
is directed to Subsection 207.03.02, "Placing and Compacting at Abutments, Piers, Wingwalls, and Retaining
Walls."

Where structure abutments are placed on embankment, the embankment shall be constructed to subgrade
elevation prior to excavating for the construction of the abutment. Where the abutment is supported on piles,
the embankment shall be constructed to the elevation of the bottom of the footing.

Where a structure is to be covered by a rockfill, it shall be covered with not less than two (2) feet (0.6 meters)
of satisfactory soil or granular materials before the rock embankment is placed over the structure.

Embankments shall, except as hereinafter specified, be constructed in layers. The construction of an
embankments shall begin at the lowest point of the fill below the grade or the bottom of ravines. Individual
layers shall be spread evenly to uniform thickness throughout and parallel with the finished grade for the full
width of the embankment, unless otherwise permitted. The thickness of the layer shall be as necessary to secure
the required compaction with an eight (8) inch (20 centimeters) maximum thickness before compaction. Excepted

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provisions are hereinafter outlined for placing in marsh and placement of rock. Hauling equipment shall be
routed to obtain uniform compaction and channelization of haul routes and rutting of the fill shall be avoided.

When embankments are constructed across wet or swampy ground which will not support the weight of heavy
hauling and spreading equipment, the Contractor will be expected to choose such methods of embankment
construction and to use such hauling and spreading equipment as will least disturb the soft foundation. When soft
foundations are encountered, and when approved by the Engineer, the lower part of the fill may be constructed
by dumping and spreading successive vehicle loads in a uniformly distributed layer of a thickness not greater than
that necessary to support the vehicle while placing subsequent layers, after which the remainder of the
embankment shall be constructed in layers and compacted as specified.

It is not the policy of the Contracting Agency to allow an increase in the planned depth of embankment
material over soft, wet, or swampy ground for the sole purpose of providing support for heavy hauling and
spreading equipment, unless the Contractor proves to the satisfaction of the Engineer that the planned depth is
inadequate to support light hauling vehicles. If it proves necessary for the Contractor to use smaller hauling
vehicles or different methods of embankment construction than he had originally contemplated in order to comply
with the foregoing, such shall not be the basis for a claim for extra compensation against the Contracting Agency.
The unit contract price for the various pay items involved shall be full compensation for all labor, materials and
equipment necessary to perform the work as outlined herein.

Embankment which, in the opinion of the Engineer, contains enough rock larger than four (4) inches (10
centimeters) to make it impractical to place and compact in eight (8) inch (20 centimeters) lifts shall be considered
as "Rock Embankment." The materials shall be spread in a uniform horizontal layer over the full width of the
embankment. The layer thickness shall not exceed one and one-third (1-1/3) times the vertical dimension of
maximum size material larger than eight (8) inches (20 centimeters). The largest size rock allowed in the
embankment will be three (3) feet (1 meter) measured in vertical direction and rocks larger than this shall be
broken up before being placed in the embankment. Rock to be wasted may exceed three (3) feet (1 meter) and
be disposed of in an inconspicuous manner approved by the Engineer.

In rock fills where end dumping is employed, direct end dumping upon the previously constructed layer of
embankment will not be permitted. Rock shall be dumped on the layer of embankment being constructed and
dozed ahead into place. Care shall be exercised to work the fines and smaller rock into the spaces between the
larger rock. Compaction will be required as provided in Subsection 203.03.18, "Compaction, Rock
Embankment."

To the extent of project requirements for embankments, all rock from excavation shall be used for
embankment. The Contractor shall plan his grading operation to use rock which may be encountered in
excavation in accordance with the following provisions:

Rock, in general, shall be placed so as to form the base of embankment for the full width of the cross section;
on the side slope or slopes of a new embankment being placed; on the side slope or slopes of an embankment
already in place requiring widening or where excess rock may be wasted; or on the side slopes and top of rolled
embankment made of embankment materials other than rock.

The Contractor shall not place large rock in embankments where piles will be driven. The Contractor shall
be responsible for penetrating the embankment with specified piles.

When rock and other embankment materials are excavated at approximately the same time, the rock shall be
distributed throughout the fill and not nested in one location.

When there is insufficient material other than rock in the excavation to permit properly compacted layers, the
rock shall be placed for the full cross section width with the larger rocks well distributed and the void spaces
filled with the smaller rocks and fragments.

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When shown on the plans or considered necessary by the Engineer, embankments shall be built to such
elevation above required grade to allow for settlement, or sufficient surcharge shall be placed above the required
elevation of earth grade over deposits of unstable material to secure displacement or settlement. Surcharge shall
be removed only after the fill has reached stability or the required settlement time has been reached.

203.03.17 COMPACTION, DIRT EMBANKMENT: Optimum moisture content of the various soils will be
determined by the Engineer. At the time of compaction, the moisture content of the various soils shall be within
the following ranges:

Optimum Moisture Content

Tolerances

0% - 20%
20% - 30%

3 1 % or more

+ 2% to -4%
+ 2% to -5%
+ 3% to -6%

When necessary, each layer before being compacted, shall be processed as required in order to bring its
moisture content within the prescribed limits. The material shall be wetted by the application of water or dried
as necessary and either process may be carried out either on the embankment or at the source of the material or
otherwise as approved by the Engineer. Full compensation of any work involved in wetting or drying
embankment material to obtain the required moisture content shall be considered as included in the contract unit
price bid for excavating or furnishing the material and no additional compensation will be allowed therefor.

Hauling and leveling equipment shall be routed and distributed full width over each layer of the fill in such
a manner as to uniformly distribute the compaction afforded thereby. In addition to hauling and leveling
equipment, the Contractor shall provide compaction equipment that is specifically designed and manufactured for
the purpose of compacting dirt embankments. Said compaction equipment shall work continuously with the
grading equipment.

The top 8 inches of the base of cuts and natural ground having less than five (5) feet (1.5 meters) of
embankment, measured from the subgrade, and all embankment material, shall be compacted to not less than
ninety (90) percent relative compaction. When natural ground material is encountered that cannot be compacted
to the required density, compaction requirements shall be determined by the Engineer.

All selected borrow and structure backfill placed within the limits of embankment shown on the plans for
approaches to bridges shall be compacted to not less than ninety-five (95) percent relative compaction.

It is to be expected that a loss of density in the upper portion of earth subgrade may occur due to the elements,
or for lapse of time, or for other reasons. Recompaction to the specified density will be required prior to
placement of any subsequent course and no additional compensation will be allowed therefor.

203.03.18 COMPACTION, ROCK EMBANKMENT: Field density tests will not be required on rock
embankments. In lieu thereof, the required compaction shall be tested by proof rolling. In this case, compaction
shall be attained and tested by using construction methods and equipment as follows:

(a) Methods. The material for the embankment shall be deposited, spread and leveled the full width of the
embankment, and the layer of thickness may be one and one-third (1-1/3) times the vertical dimension
of maximum size material. The maximum size rock shall not exceed three (3) feet (1 meter).

203-8

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203

EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

Hauling and leveling equipment shall be routed and distributed over each layer of the fill in such a manner
as to make use of the compaction afforded thereby. Rollers, vibrators, or compactors shall compact the
embankment full width with a minimum of tliree (3) complete passes for each layer of embankment. The
compacting equipment shall not exceed a speed of five (5) miles (8 kilometers) per hour and shall work
continuously with the grading equipment.

Rolling shall be done in a longitudinal direction along the embankment and shall generally begin at the
outer edges and progress toward the center. The travel paths of traffic and construction equipment shall
be kept dispersed over the entire width of the embankment so as to aid in obtaining uniform compaction.
Weights of equipment used in making embankments over soil having an excessive moisture content may
be limited, if, in the judgment of the Engineer, such limitations are necessary in order to maintain the fill
in a satisfactory condition.

Water shall be applied to the embankment in the amount necessary to obtain the required compaction.

(b) Equipment. Compaction equipment shall be adequately designed to obtain compaction requirements
without adverse shoving, rutting, displacement, or loosening and shall meet the requirements hereinafter
specified. Rollers shall have displayed thereon in permanent legible characters, the manufacturer’s
guaranteed net operating weights as distributed on each axle.

The proof roller shall be a pneumatic-tired roller or pneumatic-tired compactor weighing not less than
fifty (50) tons (45 metric tons), and capable of applying to the ground loads of not less than twenty-five
thousand (25,000) pounds (1 1 ,300 kilograms) per wheel. All tires shall be of equal size and diameter and
shall be capable of operating at an air pressure of at least ninety (90) pounds per square inch (620 KPa).
They shall be kept uniformly inflated so that the difference in pressure in any two tires shall never exceed
five (5) pounds per square inch (0.35 kilograms per square centimeter) and means shall be provided by
the Contractor for checking the tire pressure on the job at any time.

(c) Tests. Subsequent layers shall not be placed until the previous layer of the embankment is compacted
to the degree that no further appreciable deflection is evidenced under the action of proof rolling
equipment, as determined by the Engineer.

Rolling and proof rolling may be deleted on any layer or portion thereof when, in the judgment of the
Engineer, accomplishment is physically impractical.

Payment for rolling and proof rolling or for the correction of any subgrade weakness or deficiencies
disclosed by the proof rolling operation shall be considered subsidiary to the price bid for the
"Excavation" item.

203.03.19 MAINTENANCE: Embankment material which may be lost or displaced as a result of natural
settlement of the ground or foundation upon which the embankment is constructed shall be replaced by the
Contractor with acceptable material from excavation or borrow, etc. The quantity of material required will be
paid for at the regular contract price for the type of material used, also overhaul, if applicable, and no additional
compensation will be allowed therefor.

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203

The Contractor shall, at his expense, remove and replace with acceptable material any embankment or portion
thereof which has been constructed with unapproved material as well as remove and replace portions of the
embankment which may become unstable or displaced as the result of carelessness or negligence on his part.

203.03.20 SUBGRADE TOLERANCE: Subgrade upon which pavement, sidewalk, curb and gutter, driveways,
or other structures are to be directly placed shall not vary more than 1/4 inch from the specified grade and cross
section. Subgrade upon which sub-base or base material is to be placed shall meet the tolerances as specified in
Subsection 203. 01. 02, "Grade Tolerance." Variations within the above specified tolerances shall be compensating
so that the average grade and cross section specified are met.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

203.04.01 MEASUREMENT; Unless otherwise specified, excavation will be measured on a volume basis by
cross sectioning the area to be excavated and computing neat lines for an end area. The average end area method
will be used with no allowance made for curvature. If for any reason it is impossible or impractical to measure
quantities by average end areas, the Engineer will compute the quantities by a method which, in his opinion, is
best suited to obtain an accurate determination.

The quantity of excavation to be measured for payment will be the number of cubic yards (cubic meters)
excavated and placed as required. The estimated quantities shown on the plans, plus or minus authorized changes
will be the quantity used for payment. The Contracting Agency or the Contractor may, however, request a final
measurement in which case final cross sections will be taken. When final cross sections are taken the
determination of quantities derived therefrom will be the quantities used for payment. Furthermore, when the
Contractor requests final measurement and the quantities thus determined are less than the plarmed quantities plus
authorized changes, the Contractor shall reimburse the Contracting Agency for the Agency’s expenses incurred
by such final measurement and calculation.

When changes are made during construction such as widening cuts, changing grades, disposing of unsuitable
material, stockpiling selected material, and other changes resulting in increases or decreases in quantities, then
additional measurements for payment will be made by the Engineer as hereinafter outlined:

' (a) Unsuitable Material. When the removal and disposal of unsuitable material is shown in the contract
documents, such material will be measured for payment as excavation for the related item.

Removal and disposal of unsuitable material, not shown on the plans, will be measured and paid for as
"Roadway Excavation." However, if removal and disposal of unsuitable material not shown on the plans
required special equipment or unusual operations, it may be paid for as extra work according to the
provisions of Subsection 104.03, "Extra Work."

No measurement will be made of suitable material temporarily removed and replaced to facilitate
compaction of material.

(b) Overbreak. All sideslope overbreak as defined in Subsection 203.03.05, "Overbreak," shall not be paid
for.

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203

Rock removed to a maximum depth of six (6) inches (15 centimeters) below subgrade will be measured
for payment provided the rock has been removed sufficiently to permit accurate cross sectioning.
Replacement to this depth shall be with material designated on the plans approved by the Engineer and
will be measured and paid for at the contract unit price for the material used.

Rock loosened or removed in excess of six (6) inches (15 centimeters) below subgrade will not be
measured nor paid for. When ordered by the Engineer, the loosened material will be removed and the
resultant space refilled with approved material at the expense of the Contractor.

(c) Widening Cuts. If the Engineer directs the Contractor to excavate beyond the limits of the typical cross
section and before the excavation is substantially completed, the material shall be classified as "Roadway
Excavation" and shall be paid for at the contract bid price. However, if widening cuts requires special
equipment, or unusual and extra expense, it may be paid for as extra work according to the provisions
of Subsection 104.03, "Extra Work."

(d) Selected Material. Selected material stockpiled as provided in Subsection 203. 03. 09, "Selected Material"
will be measured for payment as roadway excavation both in its original position and also from the
stockpile. Measurement of the material taken from stockpile will be made of the volume actually
removed.

(e) Surplus Material. Surplus excavated material will be measured for payment as roadway excavation and
no further compensation will be allowed by virtue of the method of disposing, placing, or widening
embankments caused from such surplus material.

(f) Slides and Slipouts. In the event of slides and slipouts, the Engineer and Contractor shall negotiate in
each case and decide the relative difficulty of performing the work, and payment will be made either as
"Roadway Excavation" or as "Extra Work" as provided in Subsection 104.03, "Extra Work."

Where slopes have been previously completed by the Contractor, the cost of resloping required in areas where
unstable material is removed will be paid for as extra work as provided in Subsection 104.03, "Extra Work."

The cost of pioneering work necessary to make slide or slipout areas accessible to normal excavation
equipment and the cost of necessary clearing and grubbing will be paid for as extra work as provided in
Subsection 104.03, "Extra Work."

Only those quantities of slide or slipout material which are authorized and actually removed will be measured
for payment.

Excavation in excess of the staked or authorized cross section will not be measured for payment, except as
outlined above.

Material used for surcharge, whether shown on the plans or called for by the Engineer, will be measured for
payment as roadway excavation both in its original position and when removed from the surcharge position.

Earthwork quantities within the limits of "Slope Rounding" will not be measured for payment.

V-type ditches will be measured parallel to the ground and each one hundred (100) linear feet (30 meters) shall
constitute a unit of measure. The volume of excavation for such ditches will not be measured for payment.

The quantity of Selected Borrow or Selected Borrow Excavation to be measured for payment will be the
number of cubic yards or tons (cubic meters or metric tons) measured as set forth in the Special Provisions.

203-11

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203

All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT

203.05.01 PAYMENT: The accepted quantities of excavation measured as specified in Subsection 203.04.01,
"Measurement," will be paid for at the contract unit price bid for each of the pay items listed in the bid schedule.
Such price shall include excavating, loading, hauling, depositing, spreading, compacting, and maintaining the
material complete and in place.

The accepted quantities of selected borrow or selected borrow excavation will be paid for at the contract unit
price bid per cubic yard or ton (cubic meter or metric ton) for "Selected Borrow" or "Selected Borrow
Excavation" which price shall be full compensation for furnishing all materials, loading, hauling, depositing,
spreading, watering, compacting and maintaining the material complete and in place.

The contract unit price bid per cubic yard for roadway excavation, borrow excavation and channel excavation
shall be considered as including payment for all haul.

All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

Roadway Excavation ....
Drainage Excavation ....

Channel Excavation

Borrow Excavation

V -type Ditches

Selected Borrow

Selected Borrow Excavation

Cubic Yard (Cubic Meter)

Cubic Yard (Cubic Meter)

Cubic Yard (Cubic Meter)

Cubic Yard (Cubic Meter)

Stations (30 Meters)

Cubic Yard or Ton (Cubic Meter-Metric Ton)
Cubic Yard or Ton (Cubic Meter-Metric Ton)

203-12

204

SECTION 204

ROUNDED AND TRANSITION SLOPES

DESCRIPTION

204.01.01 GENERAL:

and where designated by

204.03.01 GENERAL:

adjacent natural terrain,
each other or into the natural ground surface without noticeable break.

Slopes will be staked for flattening and rounding in places where the material is other than solid rock. Rock
formations such as shales, decomposed sandstone and granite that can be readily excavated by means of hand
tools, shall have the slopes flattened and rounded the same as earth slopes. A layer of earth overlying a rock cut
shall be rounded above the rock the same as earth slopes. Where the depth of cut is insufficient to provide the
full rounding required, the distance for rounding shall be proportionately adjusted.

Slope rounding and warping shall also apply to all drainage ditches when such rounding will improve the
appearance of the roadside.

Whenever the treatment of the slopes may destroy or injure standing timber, trees or other vegetation which
should be preserved, adjustments in slope grading will be made. These adjustments shall be effected by a gradual
transition from the theoretical grading section required.

The degree of smoothness required in rounding and warping slopes shall be as specified in Subsection
203.03.06, "Slopes."

This work shall consist of rounding and shaping slopes in accordance with the plans
the Engineer.

CONSTRUCTION

The top of cut slopes shall be rounded by excavating to blend the cut slopes with the
At the intersections of cuts and fills, slopes shall be adjusted and warped to blend into

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

204.04.01 MEASUREMENT: The quantity of rounded cut slopes to be paid for shall be measured in linear
feet of slopes, treated as specified, measured along the roadway ditch each side of the roadway centerline. The
quantity of rounded embankment slopes to be paid for shall be measured in linear feet (meters), treated as
specified, measured along the centerline of the embankment to be rounded, and each side shall be considered
separately. In all cases, each one hundred (100) feet (30 meters) shall constitute the unit of one station.
Earthwork quantities within the limits of "Slope Rounding" will not be measured for payment.

All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT

204.05.01 PAYMENT: The accepted quantity of slope rounding measured as specified in Subsection 204.04.01 ,
"Measurement," will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per station of the completed work.

All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

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204

Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM

Slope Rounding

PAY UNIT

Stations (30 Meters)

204-2

206

SECTION 205 - BLANK
SECTION 206
STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

DESCRIPTION

206.01.01 GENERAL: This work shall consist of the removal of all material of whatever nature encountered
in the construction of foundations for bridges, retaining walls, headwalls for culverts and other structures; the
excavation of trenches for pipe culverts, box culverts, cut-off walls for slope paving and concrete aprons, footings
for riprap and other excavation specifically designated on the plans, in these specifications or in the Special
Provisions as structure excavation, which shall include the work of disposing of surplus material and cleaning
up the sites. Structure excavation shall include dewatering and the furnishing of all equipment and the
construction or installation of all cofferdams, cribs, and other facilities which may be necessary to perform the
excavations and the subsequent removal of such facilities except where they are required or permitted by the plans
or specifications to remain in place. It shall also include all the necessary clearing and grubbing within the
proposed structure area and removing old structures or parts thereof as required if the proposal does not include
separate bid items for such work.

For separate requirements pertaining to the excavation involved in the installation of pipe culverts and
underground piping, attention is directed to those sections of these specifications governing such work.

206.01.02 CLASSIFICATION: Classification of structure excavation will not be made on the basis of materials
or conditions encountered. Classification of excavation, if made, will be on the basis of the material removed
between certain elevations, and such classification as shown on the plans or set forth in the Special Provisions
shall not be changed regardless of the material encountered.

CONSTRUCTION

206.03.01 GENERAL: The Contractor shall notify the Engineer a sufficient time in advance of the beginning
of excavation for structures so that elevations and measurements may be taken of the existing ground before it
is disturbed and of existing substructure units within the limits of excavation for structures before they are
removed. Any material excavated or removed before these measurements have been taken will not be paid for.

The excavated area shall conform to the outlines of the footings, as shown on the plans, and shall be of
sufficient size to permit placing of the full width and length of the footings shown. The elevation of the bottoms
of footings as shown on the plans shall be considered as approximately only, and the Engineer may order, in
writing, such changes in dimensions or elevation of footings as may be necessary to secure a satisfactory
foundation.

Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, foundations for culvert pipe and structures shall be compacted
to not less than ninety (90) percent relative compaction. Test method to be determined by the Engineer.

All rock or other hard foundation material shall be freed from all loose material, cleaned and cut to a firm
surface, either level, stepped or serrated, as may be permitted by the Engineer. All seams and crevices shall be
cleaned out and filled with concrete mortar or grout.

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206

Where masonry is to rest on material other than rock or boulders, special care must be given not to destroy
its bearing value.

Should the Contractor remove structure excavation below grade, he shall backfill to the required elevation at
his own expense with backfill in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.

Wet pits shall be dewatered for inspection and for construction of foundations unless otherwise provided.

Excavated material which is suitable for backfilling shall be so utilized or used in embankments, in a manner
satisfactory to the Engineer. Surplus or unsuitable material shall be disposed of so as to cause no obstruction to
flow of streams; or otherwise impair the efficiency or appearance of the structure. It shall be disposed of in such
a manner as to prevent damage to property or the creation of unsightly conditions, and shall not be placed where
it will interfere with the operation of drains or impair the roadway ditches, etc.

206.03.02 INSPECTION: After each excavation is completed, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer, and
no masonry shall be placed until the Engineer has approved the depth of excavation and the character of the
foundation material.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

206.05.01 PAYMENT: Unless otherwise provided in the Special Provisions or Proposal, no payment will be
made for structure excavation or backfill as such. The cost thereof under normal circumstances being considered
as included in the price bid for the construction or installation of the items to which such excavation or backfill
is incidental or appurtenant. Payment for such excavation or backfill will be made only when the Special
Provisions or Proposal so provides.

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Rev. September 9, 1999

SEC! ION 207

STRUCTURE BACKFILL

DESCRIPTION

207.01.01 GENERAL: This work shall consist of placing and compacting, to the lines designated on the plans
or as established by the Engineer, backfill material in excavations for bridges, retaining walls, headwalls for
culverts, and other structures; placing and compacting backfill material for box culverts and other culverts; and
other backfill specifically designated in the contract documents as structure backfill. This item does not include
backfilling pipes within a trench or minor miscellaneous structure excavations outside the limits of the roadway.

MATERIALS

207.02.01 SELECTED BACKFILL: Selected backfill shall be of a quality acceptable to the Engineer and may
consist of suitable material from excavation. It shall be free from sod, frozen earth, organic materials, rubbish,
or debris. The backfill material shall have a sufficient amount of fine material to fill the voids between the coarser
aggregate. In addition thereto, the material shall conform to the following requirements:

Sieve Sizes

Percentage of Weight Passing

6"

100

3”

80-100

No. 4

35-100

Percentage by Weight

Passing No. 200 Sieve

Plasticity Index Maximum

0-10.0

15

10.1-20.0

12

20.1-50.0

10

50.1-80.0

8

80.1-100.0

6

The liquid limit of the material shall not exceed fifty (50) percent maximum.

Stones or lumps exceeding three (3) inches (75 millimeters) shall not be used within the zones twelve (12) inches
(300 millimeters) or less from the structure, twelve (12) inches (300 millimeters) or less from the finish subgrade
in unpaved areas, or sixteen (16) inches (400 millimeters) or less below the pavement in paved areas.

Acceptable material from excavation "Selected Backfill" may be used for structure backfilling unless "Granular
Backfill" is specified.

207.02.02 GRANULAR BACKFILL: Granular backfill shall consist of natural sand or a mixture of sand with
gravel. Broken Portland cement concrete and bituminous type pavement will be permitted, subject to the gradation

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207

Rev. September 9, 1999

limits specified herein. The granular backfill material shall have a sufficient amount of fine material to fill the voids
between the coarser aggregate. In addition thereto, the material shall conform to the following requirements:

Sieve Sizes Percentage of Weight Passing

3"

100

No.

4

35-100

No.

16

25-100

No.

200

5-15

The plasticity index of the material shall be as specified in Subsection 704.02.03, "Plastic Limits."

The soluble sulfate content of the material shall not exceed 0.3 percent by dry soil weight.

CONSTRUCTION

207.03.01 GENERAL: Compaction of backfill or embankment around all structures shall be secured with
mechanical tamping units and the material shall be placed in layers of thickness compatible with the characteristics
of the backfill and the type of equipment being used subject to approval by the Engineer.

Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, foundation materials for struemres shall be compacted to not less
than ninety (90) percent of the maximum density.

Backfill material shall be placed in uniform horizontal layers and shall be brought up uniformly on all sides of
the structure or improvement. Each layer of backfill shall be moistened as necessary and thoroughly compacted
until ninety (90) percent of the maximum density is achieved, except that each layer of backfill so placed within
the limits shown on the plans for selected borrow embankments for approaches to bridges shall be thoroughly
compacted until ninety-five (95) percent of the maximum density is achieved. Test method shall be as specified
in Section 111, "Soils and Aggregate Tests."

Compaction of structure backfill by jetting will be permitted when, as determined by the Engineer, the following
conditions are met:

1) The backfill material contains no more than 10% passing the No. 200 sieve.

2) The adjacent material and foundation materials will not soften or be otherwise damaged by the applied
water.

3) The structure will not be damaged as a result of hydrostatic pressure.

Compaction of structure backfill by ponding will be permitted when, as determined by the Engineer, the above
conditions are met, and in addition, the gradation of the backfill material is such that not more than five (5) percent
passes the No. 200 sieve. The backfill material shall be leveled prior to compaction by ponding.

As used in these specifications, jetting shall be defined as compaction by the use of a jet pipe to which is
supplied a continuous flow of water under pressure, and ponding shall be defined as the inundation of backfill with
water.

When the character of the backfill and surrounding material is such that jetting, or ponding methods of
compaction are permitted, and the Contractor elects to use one of these methods, compaction of the backfill shall
be accomplished in a manner such that the water will thoroughly saturate the thickness of the lift being compacted,
and cause it to settle and density. When using the jetting method, the jet pipe shall penetrate the full depth of the

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Rev. Se|ileniber 9, 1999

STRUCTURE BACKFILL

lift being compacted at intervals not to exceed five (5) feet (1.5 meters) in both a longitudinal and transverse
direction. Supplemental vibratory or other compaction equipment shall be used when necessary to obtain the
required compaction.

The thickness of each lift of backfill to be compacted by jetting or ponding shall not exceed four (4) feet (1.2
meters).

The upper sixteen (16) inches (400 millimeters) below finish grade shall be compacted by mechanical means
only.

Backfill material to be used around buried structures where water is present or anticipated to be present, shall
be carefully selected so that it will protect the surrounding soil from infiltrating into the backfill as determined by
the Engineer. This select material shall serve as a filter material. If the drain material is to remove an appreciable
quantity of water, graded filter drains using separate fine-grained layers for filters and coarse-grained layers to
conduct the water may be required. As an alternate to using a filter material, a filter fabric may be placed between
the backfill material and surrounding soil.

Material resulting from structure excavation and not used as structure backfill shall be deposited in roadway
embankments in accordance with the requirements specified elsewhere or otherwise disposed of in a manner
approved by the Engineer and no additional compensation will be allowed for such work.

Structure backfill shall not be placed until the structure or facilities have been inspected by the Engineer and
approved for backfilling. Backfill material shall not be deposited against the back of concrete abutments, concrete
retaining walls or the outside walls of concrete box culverts until the concrete has reached an age of twenty-eight
(28) days or the concrete has developed 100 percent of the design strength in compression as determined by Test
Method ASTM C 39 using cylinders cured per ASTM Test Method C 31.

Where backfill is placed against waterproofed surfaces, care shall be taken that no damage is done to the
waterproofing material.

207.03.02 PLACING AND COMPACTING AT ABUTMENTS, PIERS, WINGWALLS AND RETAINING
WALLS: With the approval of the Engineer, all spaces excavated and not occupied by abutments, piers, or other
permanent work shall be refilled with earth up to the surface of the surrounding ground or to the limits designated
on the plans or as described herein. All backfill shall be thoroughly compacted in accordance with the provisions
set forth in Subsection 207.03.01, "General."

Where backfill is to be placed on one side of an abutment, wingwall, pier, or headwall, care shall be exercised
to prevent placing line or batter or both.

Existing slopes which are shaped so as to cause wedge action in the backfill, shall be step-cut or benched before
backfilling.

207.03.03 PLACING AND COMPACTING AT CULVERTS: After the bedding has been prepared and the
culverts installed or constructed as required by the pertinent specifications, "Selected Backfill" or "Granular
Backfill" shall be placed along both sides of the culvert equally in uniform layers such that the elevation of the top
of the backfill on either side of the culvert does not exceed the elevation of the top of the backfill on the other side
of the culvert by more than six (6) inches (150 millimeters). The thickness of each layer shall be compatible with
the characteristics of the backfill and the type of equipment being used, but shall not exceed eight (8) inches (200
millimeters) in depth (loose measurements) before compaction when hand-directed compaction equipment is used,
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Each layer shall be wetted as required and thoroughly compacted to
the density requirements as set forth in Subsection 207.03.01, "General." Jetting or ponding methods of
compaction will not be permitted for backfilling around corrugated metal pipe culverts or thermoplastic pipe.

207-3

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STRUCI'DRE BACKI'ILL

207

Special care shall be taken in placing and thoroughly compacting the material under the haunches of all pipe
culverts.

Unless otherwise directed, the backfilling shall continue as directed to the level of the ground or to an elevation
six (6) inches (150 millimeters) above the structure in the case of a pipe culvert in projection, or even with the top
of the structure in the case of reinforced concrete box culvert in projection.

No construction equipment or other traffic shall be permitted to cross any culvert until a safe minimum depth
of fill above the culvert has been placed and compacted in accordance with these specifications. The Contractor
shall be solely responsible for protecting the structure from superimposed loading by construction equipment and
shall repair any damage to the structure or replace the structure as ordered without extra compensation.

Special care shall be taken in backfilling arches, particularly half-circle arches. The arch shall be covered in
layers, each layer conforming to the shape of the arch and tamped thoroughly.

207.03.04 PLACING AND COMPACTING OF BIN-TYPE RETAINING WALLS: Placing and compacting
backfill material for bin-type retaining walls shall progress concurrently with the assembly of the bins, and
backfilling around the outer sides thereof shall be kept approximately level with the inside fills. The materials shall
be thoroughly tamped and meet the density requirements as set forth in Subsection 207.03.01, "General." Care
shall be exercised to completely fill the depressions of stringers and spacers without displacing them from
established line and batter.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

207.04.01 PAYMENT: Unless otherwise provided in the Special Provisions or Proposal, no payment will be
made for structure excavation or backfill as such; the cost thereof under normal circumstances being considered
as included in the price bid for the constmction or installation of the items to which such excavation or backfill is
incidental or appurtenant. Payment for such excavation or backfill will be made when the Special Provisions or
Proposal provides.

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210

SECTION 210

WATERING

DESCRIPTION

210.01.01 GEIVERAL: This work shall consist of, but is not limited to furnishing, hauling, and applying all
water required for compaction of embankment foundation areas, embankments, subgrade, mineral aggregate base
and surfacing materials, structure backfill, processing lime treated base or subgrade material, or cement treated
base, and for laying dust caused by grading operations, traffic, and natural conditions.

MATERIALS

210.02.01 GENERAL: All materials shall conform to the requirements set forth in Section 722, "Water."

CONSTRUCTION

210.03.01 EQUIPMENT: Equipment used for applying water required for compacting embankment materials,
subgrade, base and surfacing materials, and for laying dust shall be pressure type distributors equipped with a
spray system that will ensure uniform application of water. All the watering equipment used for the application
of water shall be equipped with a positive means of shutoff and the use of equipment not so equipped will not
be permitted. An approved pump, pipe, hose, and nozzle equipment may be used in embankment construction.
Where the head is sufficient to provide enough pressure, the pump requirement may be eliminated.

The Contracting Agency does not require that watering equipment be provided with measuring or metering
devices.

210.03.02 GENERAL: Water for dust control shall be applied in the amounts and on the areas designated by
the Engineer.

The Contractor shall apply water in the amount necessary to attain the compaction in those materials requiring
a specified density. In certain areas of the base courses, water may be introduced into the aggregate at the plant
and when necessary to attain the specified compaction, shall be supplemented by additional wetting as specified
above.

Excavation areas and borrow pits may be watered prior to excavating the material.

When water is applied directly to the roadbed, the material shall be processed by suitable equipment until the
layer is uniformly wet. Care shall be taken to avoid disturbing layers which have been previously placed and
compacted.

The Contractor shall make all arrangements for providing an adequate water supply. He shall negotiate with
owners of supply and sign an agreement with each owner prior to removing the water. A copy of said agreement
shall be furnished to the Engineer. He shall pay all royalties occurring under such agreements and shall also
obtain any necessary right-of-way.

210-1

WATERING

210

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

210.04.01 MEASUREMENT: The developing of an adequate water supply the furnishing of all necessary
equipment for obtaining water from the source or sources, water, and the furnishing of equipment necessary to
apply the water, will not be measured for payment.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

210.05.01 PAYMENT: Full compensation for developing an adequate water supply, for furnishing all
necessary equipment, for obtaining water from the source or sources, for water, and for furnishing of equipment
necessary to apply the water, shall be considered as included in the contract unit price paid for other appropriate
items and no separate payment will be made therefor.

210-2

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211

SECTION 211

EROSION CONTROL

DESCRIPTION

211.01.01 GENERAL: This work shall consist of preparing slopes, placing and compacting top soil, seeding,
fertilizing, jute matting, and mulching graded and disturbed areas in accordance with these specifications and the
details shown in the contract documents.

MATERIALS

211.02.01 GENERAL: The materials used shall be those prescribed for the several items which constitute the
finished work and shall conform to the applicable requirements of Section 726, "Roadside Materials."

211.02.02 PLAI'fTING SOIL: Unless designated in the contract documents, the Contractor shall make his own
arrangements for obtaining soil and he shall pay all costs involved. Soil shall be transported directly from the
source to final position unless otherwise permitted. Soil shall not be obtained from an area known to have
noxious weeds growing in it.

Prior to removal of planting soil from the source, the Contractor shall contact the County Weed Control
Agency or the State Quarantine Officer for the inspection and destruction of injurious and noxious weeds. Soil
that has been treated with herbicides or sterilizers shall be tested by the Nevada State Department of Agriculture
to determine the residual in the soil.

211.02.03 SEED: All seeds shall conform with all laws and regulations pertaining to the sale and shipment of
seed required by the Nevada State Department of Agriculture and the Federal Seed Act. All shipments of seed
shall be reported to the Nevada State Department of Agriculture for inspection. Seed shall be of the varieties and
proportions specified in the contract documents.

211.02.04 FERTILIZER AND AGRICULTURAL MINERALS: All fertilizer and agricultural minerals shall
conform with all "Rules and regulations governing the registration, and collection of license tonnage fees for
commercial fertilizer in the State of Nevada" as required by the Nevada State Department of Agriculture.
Commercial fertilizer formulation and rate of application shall be as specified in the contract documents and
subject to sampling for verification of analysis.

211.02.05 MULCH:

(a) Hay or Straw. Hay or straw shall be acceptable to the Engineer. All shipments of hay or straw shall
be free of noxious weeds as defined by Nevada State Department of Agriculture. Rate of application
shall be as specified in the contract documents.

(b) Wood Cellulose Fiber. Wood cellulose fiber shall be manufactured in such a manner that after addition
and agitation in slurry tanks with fertilizers, seeds, water, and other approved additives, the fibers in the

211-1

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EROSION CONTROL

211

material will become uniformly suspended to form a homogeneous slurry. When hydraulically sprayed
on the ground, the material shall be uniformly impregnated with seed. Rate of application shall be as
specified in the contract documents.

(c) Wood Chips. Wood chips shall be as specified in Subsection 726.03.04(c), "Roadside Materials."

(d) Bark. Bark shall be as specified in Subsection 726.03.04(d).

211.02.06 ASPHALT EMULSION: Asphalt emulsion used as a tie-down for mulch shall be as described in
the contract documents.

CONSTRUCTION

211.03.01 PREPARATION: Excavation slopes shall be thoroughly cultivated to the depth shown in the
contract documents, after which planting soil, if required by the contract, shall be uniformly spread to an
approximate thickness of four (4) inches (10.2 centimeters), the exact thickness will be determined by the
Engineer.

Cultivation of embankment slopes shall be required before placing planting soil unless otherwise specified in
the contract documents or ordered by the Engineer. Such cultivation shall be considered subsidiary to other
portions of the work and no direct payment will be made for such work.

Cultivation shall not be performed until all equipment is through working in the area, except equipment
required to cultivate the area and spread planting soil.

After cultivation and prior to seeding, all rocks one (1) inch (2.5 centimeters) in smallest dimension and larger
shall be removed from all slopes to be seeded and shall be disposed of as approved by the Engineer.

211.03.02 PLACEMENT OF PLANTING SOIL: Planting soil shall be evenly spread over the specified areas
to the depth shown on the plans unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. After the planting soil has been
spread, all large clods, hard lumps, rocks, and litter shall be raked up, removed, and disposed of by the
Contractor.

Planting soil shall not be placed when the ground is frozen, excessively wet, or, in the opinion of the
Engineer, in a condition detrimental to the work.

All damage occurring to existing roadbeds, shoulders, walks, curbs, or other existing adjacent structures or
areas due to the Contractor’s operation in hauling and placing the planting soil shall be repaired by the Contractor
at his own cost and expense.

211.03.03 FIRMING OF PLANTING SOIL: Planting soil shall be made firm by use of a heavy or weighted
disk set at an acute angle. The entire planting area shall be firmed by a minimum of three passes of the disk.
The planting soil surface shall be brought to finished grade by one pass of a toothed harrow with teeth set at a
45 degree angle or by one pass of a steel-wire mat. Soil firming operations shall be performed by traveling at
right angle to the slope, except slopes greater than 30 percent shall be firmed by equipment conveyed up and
down the slope by means devised by the Contractor. After firming operations, the planting soil shall be two (2)
inches (5 centimeters) below the top of all structures.

211-2

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211

EROSION CONTROL

211.03.04 SEEDING AND FERTILIZING: The Contractor shall notify the Engineer not less than twenty-four
(24) hours in advance of any seeding operation and he shall not begin the work until areas prepared or designated
for seeding have been approved. Following the Engineer’s approval, seeding and fertilizing of the approved
slopes shall begin immediately.

Seeding shall not be done during windy weather or when the ground is frozen. Seed and fertilizer shall be
uniformly spread over the area at the rate and mix specified in the contract documents. Seed and fertilizer may
be sown by one of the following methods:

(a) An approved type hydro-seeder which utilizes water as the carrying agent and maintains a continuous
agitator action that will keep seed and fertilizer mixed in uniform distribution until pumped from the
tank. Pump pressure shall be such as to maintain a continuous, nonfluctuating stream of solution.

(b) Approved blower equipment with an adjustable disseminating device capable of maintaining a constant,
measured rate of material discharge that will ensure an even distribution of seed and fertilizer at the rate
herein specified.

(c) Helicopters properly equipped for aerial seeding and fertilizing. Helicopters so equipped shall have the
following:

1. Two hoppers or seed compartments each capable of containing a minimum of one hundred (100)
pounds (45 kilograms) of grass seed or granular fertilizer.

2. Powerdriven, readily adjustable disseminating mechanisms capable of maintaining a constant,
measured rate of distribution of grass seed or granular fertilizer.

3. Where liquid fertilizer is furnished in lieu of dry granular fertilizer, the helicopter shall be equipped
with two barrels or containers capable of containing a minimum of fifteen (15) gallons (57 liters)
each. Distribution shall be a spray boom of sufficient size and length, fitted with proper nozzles
to distribute uniformly, liquid fertilizer as herein specified.

(d) Approved power-drawn drills, with double-disc front delivery openers, and depth bands for positive
depth control. Depth control shall be set at a depth of 3/4 inch (2 centimeters) for consistent furrow
bottom placement.

An approved deep furrow drill may be used where it is determined the seedbed is firm and there is little
danger of soil blowing. An approved spreader may be used for fertilizer placement. Drills and
spreaders shall be calibrated before use on the project.

Areas inaccessible to above methods of application shall be seeded and fertilized by approved hand
methods. Distribution of the material shall be uniform and at the rates specified.

It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to provide qualified personnel experienced in all phases of the
seeding and fertilizing operation, equipment, and methods as herein specified.

211-3

EROSION CONTROL

211

211.03.05 SPREADING MULCH:

(a) Hay or Straw. Hay or straw mulch shall be furnished, hauled, and evenly applied at the rates indicated,
and shall be spread by means of an approved type mulch spreader. The spreader shall produce a uniform
distribution of the hay, without cutting or breaking it into short stalks. Areas beyond the range of the
mulch spreader shall be mulched by approved hand methods. Distribution of the material shall be
uniform and at the rate specified in the contract documents.

Straw, or hay unless otherwise specified, shall be anchored into the soil by use of a heavy disc with flat
serrated discs approximately 1/4 inch (0.6 centimeters) thick, having dull edges and spaced no more than
9 inches (23 centimeters) apart. Anchoring shall be to a depth of 2 inches (5 centimeters) across the
slope, and with no more than one pass of the equipment on the same surface.

(b) Wood Cellulose Fiber. Wood cellulose fiber utilized as a mulch may be applied with seed and fertilizer
in one operation by approved hydraulic equipment. The equipment shall have a built-in agitation system
with an operating capacity sufficient to agitate, suspend and homogeneously mix a slurry of the specified
amount of fiber, fertilizer, seed, and water. Distribution and discharge lines shall be large enough to
prevent stoppage and shall be equipped with a set of hydraulic discharge spray nozzles which will
provide a uniform distribution of the slurry.

(c) Wood Chips. Wood chips utilized as a mulch may be applied by available mechanical chip spreaders
or by approved hand methods. The wood chips shall be spread to an average depth of three inches (7.6
centimeters).

(d) Bark. Bark utilized as a mulch may be applied by available mechanical spreaders or by approved hand
methods. The bark shall be spread on open slope areas to an average depth of three inches (7.6
centimeters). Bark applied as a mulch for tree and shrub rings shall be spread to an average depth of
four inches (10 centimeters).

211.03.06 APPLYING ASPHALT EMULSION: When called for in the contract documents, mulch material
shall be anchored in place with asphalt emulsion as herein specified. Asphalt emulsion shall be sprayed into the
mulch as it leaves the blower pipe and shall be uniformly mixed with the mulch. Asphalt emulsion as specified
shall be applied at the rate of two hundred fifty (250) gallons per acre (2,300 liters per hectare). Any mulch
disturbed or displaced following application shall be removed, reseeded, and remulched as specified.

211.03.07 PLACING JUTE MATTING: Jute matting shall be unrolled and placed parallel to the flow of
water immediately following the bringing to finished grade the area specified in the plans or the placing of seed
and fertilizer. Where more than one strip is required to cover the given areas, they shall overlap a minimum of
four (4) inches (10 centimeters). Ends shall overlap at least six (6) inches (15 centimeters) with the up-grade
section on top. The up-slope end of each strip of matting shall be buried in six (6) inch (15 centimeters) slots
with the soil firmly tamped against it. The Engineer may require that any other edge exposed to more than
normal flow of water or strong prevailing winds be buried in a similar manner. Check slots shall be placed

211-4

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211

EROSION CONTROL

between tlie ends of strips by placing a tight fold of the matting at least six (6) inches (15 centimeters) vertically
into the soil. These shall be tamped and stapled the same as up-slope ends. Check slots must be spaced so that
one check slot or one end occurs within each fifty (50) feet (15 meters) of slope.

Edges of matting shall be buried around the edges of catch basins and other structures as herein described.
Matting must be spread evenly and smoothly and in contact with the soil at all points.

Jute matting shall be held in place by approved wire staples, pins, spikes, or wooden stakes driven vertically
into the soil. Matting shall be fastened at intervals not more than three (3) feet (1 meter) apart in three rows for
each strip of matting, with one row along each edge and one row alternately spaced in the middle. All ends of
the matting and checks slots shall be fastened at six (6) inch (15 centimeters) intervals across their width.
Fastening devices shall anchor the matting against the soil and be driven flush with the finished grade.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

211.04.01 MEASUREMENT: The quantity of planting soil measured for payment will be the number of cubic
yards (cubic meters) placed in the work. The quantity of seeding, fertilizing and mulching to be measured for
payment will be the actual number of acres or square yards (hectares or square meters) completed and measured
along the ground slope. The quantity of jute matting to be measured for payment will be the number of square
yards (square meters) covered and measured along the ground slope.

All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT

211.05.01 PAYMENT: The accepted quantity of planting soil measured as provided in Subsection 21 1.04.01,
"Measurement," will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per cubic yard (cubic meter) of planting soil which
price shall include hauling and placing.

The accepted quantities of seeding, fertilizing, mulching, and jute matting will be paid for at the contract unit
price bid per acre or square yard as set forth in the proposal.

The contract unit price bid for seeding shall also be considered for compensation for removing and disposing
of rocks, one (1) inch (2.54 centimeters) in smallest dimension and larger, from slopes as specified in Subsection
211.03.01, "Preparation."

Water will be considered subsidiary to the major items of work and no further compensation will be allowed
therefor.

Asphalt emulsion will be considered subsidiary to the item "Mulching" and no further compensation will be
allowed therefor.

All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

Planting Soil Cubic Yard (Cubic Meter)

Seeding (Type) Acre, Square Yard (Hectare, Square Meter)

Mulching (Type) Acre, Square Yard (Hectare, Square Meter)

Jute Matting Square Yard (Square Meter)

(Type) Matting Square Yard (Square Meter)

211-5

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PAVED

NOTES:

1. INTERSECTIONS SHALL HAVE 25 FOOT MINIMUM EDGE OF OIL RADII.

2. COMPACTION OF AGGREGATE BASE AND SUBGRADE PREPARATION SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE "STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS'.

3. STRUCTURAL SECTION SHOWN IS BASED ON A SUBGRADE "R" VALUE OF 20. OTHER STRUCTURAL SECTIONS
MAY BE APPROVED IF BASED ON ENGINEERING ANALYSIS BASED ON "R" OR "CBR" VALUES DETERMINED BY
SOIL TESTING. IN NO CASE SHALL THE AC. THICKNESS BE LESS THAN THAT SHOWN, NOR SHALL THE BASE
BE LESS THAN 4".

4. CULVERTS MAY BE REQUIRED AT DRIVEWAYS.

SPECIFICATION REFERENCE

UNIFORM STANDARD DRAWINGS

CLARK COUNTY AREA

302

AGGREGATE BASE

ACCESS ROADS

(FOR USE IN PM- 10 COMPLIANT AREAS)

401

BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT

406

PRIME COAT

407

FOG SEAL

DATE 12-14-00

DWG. NO. 209A

PAGE NO. 15A

Appendix C

Paleontological Resources

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PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES
MITIGATION PLAN

TABLE MOUNTAIN
WIND POWER PROJECT

CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

Prepared for:

PBS&J

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89014-6139

Prepared by:

SECTIOIN OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES

San Bernardino County Museum
2024 Orange Tree Lane
Redlands, California 92374

April 2001

Confidential — Not for Public Distribution

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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

I'hc Scclioii of Geological Sciences of the San Bernardino County Museum (SBCM) has prepared
this Paleontologic Resources Miti^’otion Plan (PRMP) for the Table Mountain Wind Farm Project,
Clark County, Nevada. The PRMP reviews the paleontologic sensitivity of sediments exposed
within proposed areas of development. The results of this review demonstrate that exposures of
several fossil-bearing lithologic units are present and may be impacted by development of the Table
Mountain Wind Farm. These units include (from oldest to youngest): the Goodsprings Dolomite, the
Sultan Limestone, the Monte Cristo Limestone, and the Bird Spring Formation. Pleistocene cave
deposits and/or woodrat middens may also be present, and if present would have high paleontologic
sensitivity.

Mitigation measures recommended within the PRMP include:

♦ PA-1: Preparation and presentation of an orientation workshop to explain
paleontologic mitigation guidelines and procedures to construction personnel.

♦ PA-2: Pre-construction field reconnaissance of the Table Mountain Wind Farm
Project site and all associated areas of potential impact (access roads, power lines,
substations, etc.) by qualified professional vertebrate paleontologists with regional
experience and under permit from the Bureau of Land Management, to recover
representative samples of exposed marine limestone formations and to reconnoiter
exposures of rock units having undetermined paleontologic sensitivity in order to
assess the potential for these units to yield significant fossil remains.

♦ PA-3: Spot-check paleontologic monitoring in rock units determined to have
undetermined paleontologic sensitivity by a qualified professional vertebrate
paleontologist with regional experience, under permit from the Bureau of Land
Management. Salvage will include recovery of exposed significant paleontologic
resources and sampling where necessary to recover microfossil remains.

♦ PA-4: Stabilization, documentation and reburial of resources that cannot safely be
recovered or otherwise preserved (e.g., avoided).

♦ PA-5: Preparation of recovered paleontologic resources to a point of identification
and permanent preservation, including stabilization of large remains and screen
washing of fossiliferous sediments to recover significant microfossil remains.

♦ PA-6: Preservation and curation of recovered significant fossil resources, including
all associated contextual data, at a qualified professional repository with long-term
retrievable storage.

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

1

SBCM

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY i

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Scope and Purpose of Plan 1

1.2 Legal Citations 2

1.2.1 Federal Regulations 2

1.2.2 State of Nevada Regulations 2

2 INTERPRETING PALEONTOLOGIC SENSITIVITY 3

2.1 Paleontologic Resources 3

2.2 Defining Paleontologic Significance 6

2.3 Determinations of Rock Unit Sensitivity 7

2.4 Definitions 7

2.4.1 High Sensitivity 7

2.4.2 Low Sensitivity 7

2.4.3 Undetermined Sensitivity 8

3 GEOLOGIC/P ALEONTOLOGIC BACKGROUND 9

3.1 Introduction 9

3.2 Characteristics of the Study Region 9

3.2.1 Geologic / Paleontologic Background 9

3.2. 1.1 Goodsprings Dolomite 9

3. 2. 1.2 Sultan Limestone 9

3.2. 1.3 Monte Cristo Limestone 10

3. 2. 1.4 Bird Spring Formation 16

3.2. 1.5 Undifferentiated volcanic rocks 18

3.2. 1.6 Pleistocene cave deposits 18

3. 2. 1.7 Pleistocene wood rat middens 18

3. 2. 1.8 Quaternary alluvium 19

3.2.2 Review of Existing Localities 19

4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 20

4.1 Introduction 20

4.2 Categories for Potential Research 20

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan 11 SBCA4

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Page

5 PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCE MONITORING PLAN 22

5. 1 Mitigation Measures 22

5.2 Field Monitoring Procedures 25

5.3 Construction Personnel Procedures 26

5.3.1 Fossils discovered by construction personnel 27

5.4 Recordation and Documentation ot Paleontologic Resources 28

5.5 Recovery of Paleontologic Resources 29

5.5.1 Megafaunal Sampling Plan 29

5.5.2 Microfaunal Sampling Plan 29

5.5.2. 1 Details of Microfaunal Sampling Plan 29

5.5.3 Marine Invertebrate Sampling Plan 30

5.6 Curation Plan 30

5.6.1 Processing and Curation Techniques 30

6 MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS 33

6. 1 Goodsprings Dolomite 33

6.2 Sultan Limestone 33

6.3 Monte Cristo Limestone 34

6.4 Bird Spring Formation 34

6.3 Volcanics 35

6.4 Alluvium 35

7 REFERENCES 37

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan 111 SBCAT

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

FIGURES, TABLES, APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Outline of Orientation Meeting for Construction Personnel,

Checklist for Paleontologic Resources &

Guidelines for Construction Personnel

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan iv

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

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PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES MONITORING PLAN
TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT
CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

Prepared by:

SECTION OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM

1 : INTRODUCTION

1 . 1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF PLAN

The Section of Geological Sciences of the San Bernardino County Museum (SBCM) has reviewed
the pertinent paleontologic and geologic literature and prepared this Paleontologic Resources
Mitigation Plan (PRMP) for the Table Mountain Wind Power Project in Clark County, Nevada. The
proposed wind power development area encompasses approximately 4,500 acres of public lands.
The legal description of the public land proposed to be available for wind power development is as
follows (all sections fall within the Mount Diablo Base and Meridian):

Township 24 South, Range 57 East Eastern Vi of section 13

Township 24 South, Range 58 East All of sections 7, 8, 18, 19, 30 and 33

Portions of sections 5, 6, 29, 31, 32,
34 and 35

Township 25 South, Range 58 East All of sections 3, 4, 10 and 15

Portions of sections 2, 5, 9, 16 and 22

This PRMP is intended to detail the procedures employed to mitigate the impacts and effects of
development-related excavation within the proposed development areas upon scientifically
significant paleontologic resources. It provides for the discovery and retrieval of paleontologic
resources, evaluation of the scientific significance of said resources, and mitigation of adverse
impacts/effects to these resources as caused by excavation and construction-related activities. The
PRMP also reviews existing relevant paleontologic locality information, discusses the geologic and
paleontologic context of sediments present within the area of potential effect, and presents guidelines
for paleontologic site evaluations and mitigation through data recovery, thereby providing important
background and contextual information useful for the paleontologic resources management program.
The logistics, procedures and methods outlined herein ensure compliance with Federal regulations
subject to review by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM).

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

1

SBCM

rhc PRMI’ is a vva)rk plan for all of the palconlologic activities that will ensue during the course of
developiueut of the Table Mountain Wind Power Project. It is not the intent to present herein a
coiujM ehensive list of sites w ith discussions of all significant taxa that have been recovered from the
vicinity of the 'fable Mountain Wind Power Project and its environs. A full treatment of all resource
sites and taxa from the area of potential effect will be presented as a part of the final report of
findings generated as a result of palcontologic mitigation activities. The PRMP offers a research-
oriented framework and accompanying logistical guidelines to ensure that significant nonrenewable
palcontologic resources unearthed by development of the Table Mountain Wind Power Project will
be managed appropriately and in a timely manner, thereby effectively mitigating adverse impacts to
said resources.

1.2 LEGAL CITATIONS REGARDING THE PROTECTION OE PALEONTOLOGIC
RESOURCES

1.2.1 Eederal Regulations

Statutes of the United States of America that incorporate provisions for the protection of
palcontologic resources include:

Federal Antiquities Act of 1906 (P.L. 59-209, 32 Stat. 225).

Forbids and establishes criminal sanctions for disturbance of any object of antiquity on
Federal land without a permit issued by an authorizing authority.

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

(P.L. 91-190, 83 Stat. 852, 42 USC 4321-4327). Mandates policies to “preserve important
historic, cultural and natural aspects of our national heritage” (Section 101. b4).

1.2.2 State of Nevada Regulations

Statutes of the State of Nevada which incorporate provisions for the protection of palcontologic
resources include the following:

State of Nevada Antiquities Law of 1959 (Nevada Revised Statutes 381.195-227).

Made the Board of Trustees of the Nevada State Museum responsible for the preservation of
prehistoric and historic sites on state lands through the issuance of antiquities pemiits to
qualified persons and institutions.

Palcontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

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SBCM

2: INTERPRETING PALEONTOLOGIC SENSITIVITY

2.1 PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES

Palcontologic resources are the fossilized evidence of past life found in the geologic record. Despite
the tremendous volume of sedimentary rock deposits preserved world-wide, and the enormous
number of organisms that have lived through time, preservation of plant or animal remains as fossils
is an extremely rare occurrence. Because of the infrequency of fossil preservation, fossils —
particularly vertebrate fossils — are considered to be nonrenewable resources. Because of their rarity,
and because of the scientific information they can provide, fossils are highly significant records of
ancient life. They can provide information about the interrelationships of living organisms, their
ancestry, their development and change through time, and their former distribution. Progressive
morphologic changes observed in fossil lineages may provide critical information on the
evolutionary process itself — that is, the ways in which new species arise and adapt to changing
environmental circumstances. Fossils can also serve as important guides to the ages of the rocks and
sediments in which they are contained, and may prove useful in determining the temporal
relationships of rock deposits from one area to another and the timing of geologic events. Time
scales established by fossils provide chronologic frameworks for geologic studies of all kinds.

The United States Federal Government has officially recognized fossils as nonrenewable resources
having scientific, educational and (in some cases) recreational value. In May of 2000, Secretary of
the Interior Bruce Babbitt released the report “Assessment of Fossil Management on Federal &
Indian Lands.” The Secretary of the Interior was assisted in the production of this report by the BLM
as well as by the United States Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the Fish and
Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and
the Smithsonian Institution (SI). This landmark report determined that the following principles and
recommendations should be uniformly applied to fossils occurring on Federal lands:

Principle 1: Fossils on Federal Lands are a Part of America ’s Heritage

Fossils are unique resources. Without fossils, human beings would have little
understanding of the development of ancient life on earth.

Of all the organisms that have ever lived, only a tiny proportion have been preserved,
exposed to view, discovered and appropriately collected.

The condition, availability and scientific significance of the fossils on federal lands are
among the best in the world.

Federal agencies’ current management practices further the paramount scientific and
educational values of fossils.

Recommendation: Future actions should reaffirm the current use of federal fossils for their scientific,
educational and, where appropriate, recreational values.

Palcontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

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Principle 2: Most Vertebrate Fossils are Rare

Relatively tew sites worldwide contain dense accumulations of vertebrate fossils, and
only a traction ot these sites are located on federal lands in the United States.
Advocates tor increased collection ot vertebrate fossils on federal lands often
overestimate these fossils’ abundance.

Federal agencies therefore uniformly limit the collection of vertebrate fossils to
qualified scientific and/or educational personnel.

Recommendation: Future actions should reaffirm the restriction of vertebrate fossil collection to qualified
personnel, with the fossils remaining in federal ownership in perpetuity.

Principle 3: Some Invertebrate and Plant Fossils are Rare

Although invertebrate and plant fossils generally are more abundant than vertebrate
fossils, some are ncanetheless extremely rare.

The agencies’ varying collection policies for invertebrate and plant fossils reflect the
agencies’ missions and attempt to satisfy the wide range of public interest in these
fossils.

The agencies will work to reduce the potential public confusion about the varying
collection policies.

Recommendation: Future actions should reaffirm missiomspecific agency approaches to the management of
plant and invertebrate fossils.

Principle 4: Penalties for Fossil Theft Should be Strengthened

Hundreds of fossils are stolen from federal lands every year. Such thefts reduce access
by scientists and the general public to scientifically significant and/or instructive
fossils and destroy the contextual information critical for interpreting the fossils.
The difficulties of establishing the commercial value of a stolen or damaged fossil may
hinder effective prosecutions of fossil theft and damage. Commercial value also does
not necessarily reflect the scientific and educational values of fossils.

Agency efforts to enhance awareness on the part of the public, scientists and law
enforcement personnel about the various values of fossils and the damage caused by
fossil theft would eventually facilitate effective prosecutions. This, in turn, would
more effectively deter future theft and damage.

Notwithstanding public education campaigns and increased penalty' provisions, fossils
will continue to be stolen from federal lands unless agencies can place more trained
personnel in the field.

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Recommendation: Future actions should Feyialize the theft of fossils from federal lands in a way
that maximizes the effectiveness of prosecutions and deters future thefts. Penalties should take into account,
among other factors, the value of fossils themselves, as well as any damage resulting from their illegal
collection. Future program strategies should emphasize education of federal managers, prosecutors, law
enforcement personnel and the judiciary regarding the value of fossils and the techniques for the appropriate
protection of fossil resources.

Principle 5: Effective Stewardship Requires Accurate Information

Inventories and monitoring of fossils on federal lands are critical for sound fossil
management. Thorough inventory data enables informed decision making and
enhances interagency collaboration.

New technologies, the help of amateurs and volunteers and partnerships can improve
the cost effectiveness of information gathering and analysis. However, on-the-ground
inventories by professionals will remain important in assessing agency fossil resources.

Recommendation: Future actions should acknowledge the need for gathering and analyzing information
about where fossils occur, in particular the critical role of inventory in the effective management of fossil
resources. Increased emphasis on fossil inventory should take into consideration, where possible ,regional
approaches across agency lines, using modern technology such as Geographic hiformation Systems (GIS).
Such work could also address specific issues, such as the impact of erosion on the loss of resources.

Principle 6: Federal Fossil Collections Should be Preserved and Available for Research and
Public Education

Scientifically valuable fossils must remain in public ownership in order to be
adequately preserved and available for science and public education.

Federal agencies currently strive to meet the needs of scientists and the general public
by housing fossils in both large research institutions and small community-based
institutions, as well as federal repositories.

Enhanced use of online databases, images and other information technology would
maximize the availability of existing and future museum fossil collections to scientists
and the public.

Recommendation: Future actions should affmn the importance of curating scientifically valuable fossils as
federal property, often in partnership with nomfederal institutions. Future program approaches should
emphasize the use of modern technology to improve curation and access, as well as the sharing of mfonnation
between and among government agencies arrd other institutkms.

Principle 7: Federal Fossil Management Should Emphasize Opportunities for Public

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Involvement

I he public, including properly-trained amateurs and volunteers, have been and
should continue to be a critical part of the management of fossils on federal lands.
Public education is critical in the management of fossils on federal lands.

Rccoynmendation: Future actions should include an emphasis on public education and participation in the
stewardship of fossil resources. Future program approaches should emphasize the use of technology to
increase public education arul atvareness of the hnportance and benefit of fossil resources.

2.2 DEFINING PALEONTOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE

As stated previously, preservation of plant or animal remains as fossils is an extremely rare
occurrence. Because of the infrequency of fossil preservation, fossils are considered to be
nonrenewable resources. Because of their rarity, and because of the scientific information they
provide, fossils can be highly significant records of ancient life. Given this, fossils can be considered
to be of significant scientific interest if one or more of the following criteria apply:

1 . The fossils provide data on the evolutionary relationships and developmental trends
among organisms, both living and extinct;

2. The fossils provide data useful in determining the age(s) of the rock unit or
sedimentary stratum, including data important in determining the depositional history
of the region and the timing of geologic events therein;

3. The fossils provide data regarding the development of biological communities or
interaction between paleobotanical and paleozoological biotas;

4. The fossils demonstrate unusual or spectacular circumstances in the history of life;

5. The fossils are in short supply and/or in danger of being depleted or destroyed by the
elements, vandalism, or commercial exploitation, and are not found in other
geographic locations.

As so defined, significant paleontologic resources are determined to be fossils or assemblages of
fossils that are unique, unusual, rare, uncommon, diagnostically or stratigraphically important, and/or
those that add to an existing body of knowledge in specific areas— stratigraphically, taxonomically,
and/or regionally. They can include fossil remains of large to very small aquatic and terrestrial
vertebrates (including animal trackways), remains of plants and animals previously not represented
in certain portions of the stratigraphy, and fossils that might aid stratigraphic correlations,
particularly those offering data for the interpretation of tectonic events, geomorphologic evolution,
paleoclimatology, and the relationships of aquatic and terrestrial species.

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2.3 DETERMINATIONS OE ROCK UNIT SENSITIVITY

Sedimentary units that are paleontologically sensitive are those units with a high potential for
containing significant paleontologic resources— that is, rock units within which vertebrate fossils or
significant invertebrate fossils have been determined by previous studies to be present or likely to be
present. These units include, but are not limited to, sedimentary formations that contain significant
paleontologic resources anywhere within their geographical extent, as well as sedimentary rock units
temporally or lithologically suitable for the preservation of fossils. Determinations of paleontologic
sensitivity must therefore consider not only the potential for yielding abundant vertebrate fossils but
also the potential for production of a few significant fossils, large or small, vertebrate or invertebrate,
that may provide new and significant taxonomic, phylogenetic, and/or stratigraphic data. Areas that
may contain datable organic remains older than Recent and areas that may contain unique new
vertebrate deposits, traces, and/or trackways must also be considered paleontologically sensitive.

2.4 DEFINITIONS

Literature research and institutional records searches presented herein have resulted in the
designation of exeavation areas associated with development of the Table Mountain Wind Power
Project as having high, low or undetermined paleontologic sensitivity. Provisions for mitigation of
adverse impacts to significant nonrenewable paleontologie resources exposed during development-
related construction along the project corridor are based upon these determinations of potential
paleontologic sensitivity. The terms “high sensitivity,” “low sensitivity” and “undetermined
sensitivity” are described below.

2.4.1 High Sensitivity

Sedimentary units with a high potential for containing significant nonrcnewable paleontologic
resources are determined to have high paleontologic sensitivity. In these cases the sedimentary roek
unit eontains a high density of recorded vertebrate fossil sites, has produced vertebrate fossil remains
in the near vieinity of the project, and is very likely to yield additional remains during excavation
associated with project development.

2.4.2 Low Sensitivity

The rock unit contains no or very low density of recorded resource localities, has produced little or
no fossil remains in the vicinity of the project, and is not likely to yield any fossil remains. [Note: it
ean happen that sedimentary exposures with few or no prior reeorded sites prove abundantly
fossiliferous during paleontologic mitigation activities. For example, the Diamond Valley Lake site
in Hemet, Riverside County, California was originally determined to have “low to moderate”
sensitivity, but subsequently has yielded thousands of well-preserved fossils of terrestrial Pleistocene

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E{XK'h vertebrates (Springer and Scott 1994; Scott, 1997; Springer el ai, 1998, 1999)1.

2.4.3 Undetermined Sensitivity

The rock unit has limited exposure(s) in the project area, is poorly studied, and contains no recorded
paleontologic resource localities. However, in other areas, the same or a similar rock unit contains
sulTicient paleontologic resource localities to suggest that exposures of the unit in the project area
would have at least a moderate potential for yielding fossil remains.

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3: GEOLOGIC / PALEONTOLOGIC BACKGROUND

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section of the PRMP describes the geology and paleontology of the Table Mountain Wind
Power Project, in order to provide a context for understanding the types, nature, and scientific
significance of the paleontologic resources present within this region. The nature, age, and
preservation of paleontologic resources presumed to be present in the subsurface will be variable,
given that different rock units are exposed within the study area.

3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY REGION

3.2.1 Geologic / Paleontologic Background

3.2. 1.1 Goodsprings Dolomite

The Goodsprings Dolomite, originally described by Hewett (1931), is exposed in Clark County in the
southern half of the Spring Mountains, in the Bird Spring Range, and at Sheep Mountain (Longwell
et al., 1965). This formation consists of a monotonous sequence of thin-bedded, light to dark grey
mottled dolomite, with a 50' to 75' layer of dolomitic limestone and sandy shale present near the top
of the formation locally. Hewett (1931) reported to thickness of this formation to be 2,500' at Sheep
Mountain, the only complete section exposed. The Goodsprings Dolomite is roughly 3,000' thick
approximately 30 miles north of Sheep Mountain (Longwell et al., 1965).

Analysis of fossils recovered by Hewett (1931) suggest that the Goodsprings Dolomite ranges in age
from the later Cambrian Period to the Devonian Period. Hazzard and Mason (1953) reported that the
vast majority of the formation as exposed near Goodsprings dated to the middle Cambrian, with
overlying beds of Devonian age separated from the older deposits by an unconformity. These
authors also recognized in the Goodsprings area two units of the Goodsprings Dolomite that, about
50 miles to the southwest, were assigned the names Bonanza King Formation and Cornfield Springs
Formation. The lower portion of the former unit dates to the middle Cambrian Period, while the
upper portion of the Bonanza King Formation and the entirety of the Cornfield Springs Formation
date to the late Cambrian (Palmer and Hazzard, 1956).

3.2. 1.2 Sultan Limestone

Hewett (1931) described rocks of Devonian age in the Goodsprings area as the Sultan Limestone;
Longwell et al., 1965) considered these rocks to be in large part equivalent with the Muddy Peak
Limestone, but separated these two units on the basis of geography, confining the Sultan Limestone

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to the w cstern and northwestern regions of Clark County while limiting the Muddy Peak Limestone
to exjiosures in the Muddy and Virgin Mountains. Hewett ( 1 93 1 ) reported a maximum thiekness of
765 feet in the Goodsprings area for the Sultan Limestone, and subdivided the formation into three
members: the basal Ironside Dolomite Member (up to 125 feet thick), the middle Valentine
Limestone Member (up to 380 feet thick), and the upper Crystal Pass Limestone Member (up to 260
feet thick). The Ironside Dolomite Member is “invariably” dolomite in composition; the Valentine
Limestone Member ranges in composition from nearly all limestone at some localities to almost
exclusively dolomite at others; and the Crystal Pass Limestone Member is virtually all limestone.

Fossils are not uniformly distributed throughout the Sultan Limestone. Hewett ( 193 1) reported that
the Ironside Dolomite Member contained relatively few fossils, although these were widespread
throughout the member and could “be found with close search at most exposures” (Hewett, 193 1 , p.
14). Fossils recovered from this member include corals {Alveolites sp., Cladopora sp.,
Cyathophyllum sp., Diphyphyllum sp., Pacliyphyllum woodmaui. Stromatopora sp., Striatopora sp.,
Syriugopora sp., Aulopora sp.), brachiopods {Atrypa missouriensis, A. reticularis, Cyrtia
cyrtiniformis, Spirifer argefitariiis),and infrequent gastropods (Platyschisma mccoya) (Hewett,
1931). The overlying Valentine Limestone Member of the Sultan Limestone was distinguished by
Hewett (1931) as having two distinct, alternating lithologies with differing fossiliferous potential;
“beds of massive limestone 5 to 30 feet thick, which rather persistently bear a few fossils, and ...
beds of platy limestone, which show no trace of fossils” (Hewett, 1931, p. 14 - 15). Fossils
recovered from the massive limestone lithology of this member include coral {Diphyphyllum sp.),
brachiopod {Atrypa reticularis), and gastropod {Platyschisma mccoya) (Hewett, 1931).

3.2. 1.3 Monte Cristo Limestone

The Monte Cristo Limestone was named by Hewett (1931) based upon exposures of rocks of
Mississippian age in the Goodsprings region of Nevada. The geographic distribution of the Monte
Cristo Limestone closely corresponds with that of the Sultan Limestone, which unit it overlies.
Hewett (1931) considered the Monte Cristo Limestone to be roughly equivalent to the Mississippian-
age Rogers Spring Formation described by Longwell (1921) from the Muddy Mountains.

Five members of the Monte Cristo Limestone have been recognized. The basal member, tenned the
Dawn Limestone Member, consists of thinly bedded dark grey limestone with some chert; fossils are
present in this member, appearing white against weathered surfaces. Taxa reported from this
member by Hewett (1931) include:

Corals

Cladochonus sp.

Cyathaxonia sp. aff. C. minor
Michelinia sp. aff. M. meckana
Syriugopora sp. aff. S. surcularia
Triplophyllum sp. aff. T. excavatum
Triplophyllum sp.

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Bracliiopods

Avoiiia sp.

Camcirotoechia sp.

Chonetes logani

?Cli()tliyndiiui sp. aff. C iucnissata
?CUothyridiua sp.

Frodiictus gallatiiieiisis
F. keokuk

Froductus sp. aff. F. burlingtonensis
F. ovatus
F. setiger
Fseiidosyrinx sp.

Fustida sp. aff. F. pustidosa
Rhipidomella pulchella
Rhipidomelki sp. aff. R. burlingtonensis
Reticidaria cooperensis
Schuchertella chemungensis
Schizophoria sp. aff. S. swallowi
Schizophoria sp.

Spirifer centronatus
Spirifer sp. aff. S. griniesi
Spirifer sp. aff. S. keokuk
Spiriferina soUdirostris
Spiriferina sp.

Pelecypods

Fernipecten ?shuma rd i anus

Gastropods

?Loxonema sp.

Holopea sp.

Flatyceras sp.

Cephalopods

Orthoceras sp.

Above the Dawn Limestone Member of the Monte Cristo Limestone is the Anchor Limestone
Member, a limestone with abundant chert in thin layers and lenses that contains abundant fossils
(Hewett, 1931; Longwell et aL, 1965) including:

Corals

? Cyathophyllum sp.

? Lithostrotion sp. aff. L. ?harmodites

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?Litli()str(}fi(}ii sp.

Syringopora sp. alT. S. siircularia
Syringopora sp.

Triplophyllnni sp.

Zaphrciitis sp.

Echinoderms

Schizoblastiis lotohlastus

Bryozoans

Fenestella sp.

Ptiloporci sp.

Brachiopods

Brachythyris sp.

Camarotoechia metallica
Camarotoechia sp.

Chouetes loganensis var.

?CIiotl ly ri dina m out i col a
?Cliothyridina sp. aff. C. incrassata
Composita sp. aff. C. iwmatura
Composite} sp. aff. C. luunilis
Dielasma sp. aff. D. hiirlingtonense
Dielasma sp.

Laptaena analoga
? O rtl lotetes kaskaskien sis
?Orthotetes sp.

Productus gallati)ieiisis

Productiis sp. aff. P. hurliugtoiieiisis

P. ovatiis

P. seinireticulatus

Productella sp. aff. P. hirsutiformis

Pustida sp. aff. P. curtirostris

Piistida sp.

Reticidciria cooperei] s is
Schuchertella chemungoisis
Schizoplioria sp. aff. S. swallowi
Spirifer centronatus
Spirifer sp. aff. S. grimesi
Spirifer sp. aff. S. }noiitgomerye}}sis
SpiriferUui so I i di rostris
Syringotliyris sp.

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Pclccypods

Cypricardinia sp. all. C. scitula
Schizodns sp.

Gastropods

IiitonipluilHs ulaheiisis
Straparolliis spergeneiisis

The Bullion Dolomite Member of the Monte Cristo Limestone overlies the Anchor Limestone
member. This member, a massive, light-grey, coarse-grained limestone, locally altered to dolomite
and forming prominent whitish cliffs (Hewett, 1931; Longwell et al., 1965), is less fossiliferous than
the preceding two members, but nevertheless has yielded the following taxa (Hewett, 1931):

Corals

?CyathophyUum sp. aff. C. suheaespitosnm
'/Lilhoslrotioii sp.

Syringopora sp. aff. S. surcularia
Triplophyllum sp. aff. T. excavatum
Triplophyllum sp.

Echinoderms

ScJiizohlastus lotohkistus

Bryozoans

Feiiestella sp.

Brachiopods

?Cli()thyridina sp. aff. C. incrassata
Prodiictus sp.

Pustida sp.

R J 1 ipi do) neUa thieniei
Spirifer ceutronatiis

The Arrowhead Limestone Member of the Monte Cristo Formation is a bluish-grey limestone in thin
beds with some shale, overlying the Bullion Dolomite Member. Fossils are abundant from this
member, and include the following taxa (Hewett, 1931):

Corals

?Cyath()pliyllum sp. aff. C. suheaespitosnm
Triplophyllum sp.

Echinoderms

Echinocrinus sp.

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Dichocriniis sp.
Rhodocrimis sp.

Bryozoans

Cystodictya sp.

Fenestelhi sp. all. F. teuax
Feuestelhi sp.

Folyponi sp.

Stowpora sp.

Brachiopods

Ccunarotoeclua sp. aff. C. purduei
Camarotoechia sp.

Chonetes logcuiensis
Composita inunatura
‘/Ortlioteles kaskaskieiisis
?Orthotetes sp.

Productus ovalHS
Pustidci sp.

Rlupidomella ?nevadensis
Spirifer n. sp.

Spiriferina n. sp.

Pelecypods

Conocardium sp.

Edmondia sp.

Leptodesma sp. aff. L. spergenense

Gastropods

?Naticopsis sp.

Pleurotomaria sp.

Straparollus spergenensis

Crustacea

Paraparchites sp. aff. P. carhonariiis
?PhUlipsia sp.

Finally, the Yellowpine Limestone Member of the Monte Cristo Limestone is the uppennost subunit
of the formation. This member is composed of dark grey limestone in thick beds, and forms
prominent cliffs. Fossils are extremely sparse from this member, so much so that none were
described according to taxon by Hewett, although such fossils as were recoyered were presumed to
date to the middle Mississippian (Hewett, 1931, p. 19). Howeyer, a subsequent inyestigation
(Moore, 1991) has demonstrated that the Yellowpine Limestone Member is more abundantly

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fossiliferous than previously reported. Loeality SBCM 01 .001 .029 yielded the Stateline Mine Fauna,
a eoinposite fauna ineluding the following taxa (Moore, 1991 ):

Coelenterata

Indeterminate eorals

Eehinoderinata

Indeterminate crinoids

Bryozoa

Fenestella spp.

Brachiopoda

Chonetidae
Anthnicospirifer sp.

Linoproductidae
OrbicLiloideinae
Discinidae
Rhynchonellidae
Dorsisinus sp.

Schuehertidae

Pelecypoda

Myacea

Corbulidae

Paehydontinaeitiza

Gastropoda

Pseudozygopleuridae
Sinuitidae
Anematiua sp.

Loxonematadae
Straparollus sp.

Arthropoda

Paladin sp.

Kaskia cli esle rei i sis
?Sevilla sp.

Crustacea

Kokhya sp.

Glyptopleura sp.

Cauellina sp.

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Beyrichiopsis sp.
Paraparchitidae

I'he recovery of a representative sample of diagnostic fossils from exposures of the Monte Cristo
Formation in the areas of potential effect of the Table Mountain Wind Power will help to preserve a
physical record of which of the above fossil-bearing units were present prior to excavation.

3.2. 1.4 Bird Spring Formation

The Table Mountain Wind Power Project site also traverses outcrops of the fossiliferous Bird
Springs Formation (Longwell et al., 1965). This formation was initially named by Hewett (1931),
who described the formation from a thick sequence of marine rock beds in the Bird Spring Range,
northeast of Goodsprings (Longwell et al., 1965). The Bird Spring Formation overlies the cliff-
forming limestone and dolomites of the Monte Cristo Formation. The basal portion of the Bird
Spring Formation consists of sandstone, shale and thin limestone layers; these are overlain
predominantly by limestone and dolomite. Layers of shale and sandstone also recur at many
horizons, however. Also, many of the formation’s carbonate beds are impure and numerous zones
are relatively thin-bedded, due to which the formation on the whole is less resistant than the
underlying Monte Cristo Formation (Longwell et al., 1965).

Exposures of the Bird Spring Formation have proven abundantly fossiliferous in southern Nevada.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has recorded several localities from the nearby Las
Vegas Range that have produced the following marine fossil faunas (Longwell et al., 1965):

USGS f- 12077

Calcareous alga
Textulariidae
Climacammiua sp.

Endothyni sp.

Bradyina sp.

Glohivalvulina sp.

Textrataxis sp.

Millerellid sp.

Triticites sp. (= Dunharinella)
Triticites sp. or Pseudofusidina sp.
Triticites ventricosus
Stenoporoid bryozoan

USGS f- 12078

Climacammimi sp.

Endothyra sp.

Tetrataxis spp.

Schwagerina sp. cf. S. compacta
Schwagerina sp. aff. S. hessenis

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Calcareous alga
CUmciccmimi)ia sp.

EjidotJiyra sp.

Bnidyiua sp.

Tetrataxis sp.

Millerella marhleusis
Millerella sp.

Fusuliuella stouti
?Syringopora sp.

Chaetetes sp.

Productiis (Antiquatonia) sp.

uses f- 12080 Climacammina sp.

? Millerella sp.

Wedekiiidellina sp. (early form)

Fusidinella ?stouti
Fusidimi sp. aff. F. serotina
Spirifer sp.

The following two loealities are recorded by the USGS from the Meadow Valley Mountains
(Longwell cf rt/., 1965):

USGS f- 12081 Fndodiyra s,\>.

Millerella sp. aff. M. marblensis
Corals

Stenoporoid bryozoan
Productiis sp. aff. P. inflatiis
Schizoplwria sp.

Spirifer sp. aff. S. increbescens
Punctospi rifer transversiis
Reticulariina campestris

USGS f-17272 Solitary coral

Fistuliporoid bryozoan
Crinoid columnals
Dictyoclostus sp. aff. D. injlatus
Finoproductiis sp.

Buxtoniid productid
Rliipidomella nevadensis
Spirifer sp. aff. S. fayettevillensis
Composita sp.

The faunas from the Las Vegas Range have been dated to the Pennslylvanian and Permian Periods of

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the Paleozoic Era. In contrast, the faunas from the Meadow Valley Mountains have been tentatively
dated to the later Mississippian Period (Longwcll ef ciL, 1965). Tlic recovery of a representative
sample of diagnostic fossils from exposures of the Bird Spring Formation in the area of potential
effect of the Fable Mountain Wind Power may help refine and augment understanding of the time of
deposition of the Bird Spring Formation.

Fossils recovered from the lower member of the Bird Spring Formation include some taxa also
recovered from the Bluepoint Fimestone of the Muddy Mountains, as well as forms found in the
lower part of the Callville Fimestone in the Virgin Mountains (Fongwell et ciL, 1965). It is possible
that, with the addition of fossils recovered from the Bird Spring Formation, from the area of potential
effect of the Table Mountain Wind Power, a more complete fauna and lithologic correlation would
be enabled among the Bird Spring Formation, the Bluepoint Fimestone and the Callville Limestone.

3.2.1.5 Undifferentiated ?Cretaceous and Tertiary volcanics

Undifferentiated volcanic rocks dating to the early Cenozoic Era and possibly to the Cretaceous
Period of the Mesozoic Era have low potential to contain significant fossil resources.

3.2.1.6 Plei.stocene cave deposits

In addition to the fossil-bearing rock units described above, there is also potential to encounter fossil
deposits that have accumulated in caves opened into the earlier limestone rocks. Such highly-
significant fossil accumulations, most of which date to the later Pleistocene Epoch, have been
previously reported from localities in or near the Goodsprings/Stateline region, including Kokoweef
Cave in the Ivanpah Mountains (Goodwin and Reynolds, 1986; Force, 1991; Reynolds etal., 1991b;
Scott, 1997), Antelope Cave in the Mescal Range (Reynolds et al., 1991c; Scott, 1997) and Devil
Peak in the southern Spring Mountains (Reynolds et al., 1 99 1 a). An early Holocene-age vertebrate
fauna has also been reported from Quien Sabe Cave in the Ivanpah Mountains (Whistler, 1991).
These fossil accumulations, which are frequently of large size, exhibit significant species diversity,
and trend towards preservation of microvertebrates, are cached in caves opened into the existing
limestone; Kokoweef Cave, for example, developed as “a large, steeply-dipping solution chamber
etched along the brecciated zones parallel to the Clark Mountain Fault and near the contact of the ...
Sultan Limestone and the ... Monte Cristo Limestone” (Reynolds et al., 1991b, p. 97).

3.2.1.7 Pleistocene wood rat middens

In addition to the above-named modes of fossil preservation, there is also the possibility that wood
rat middens — that is, plant middens amassed through many years by wood rats (Neotoma sp.) - may
also be present within the area of potential effect. Neotoma middens have been known to accumulate
through decades, centuries and even millennia as successive generations of packrats add collected
plant matter to the midden. These middens can in some cases be paleontologic “treasure troves” in
that they can provide:

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♦ sequences of well-preserved plant fossils that enable reconstructions of past climatic
conditions;

♦ potentially, time-stratified sequences of radiometric dates that enable more accurate
interpretations of paleoenvironmental change through time; and

♦ occasionally, identifiable microfossil bones that permit comparisons with other,
undated microfossil faunas to be advanced.

Wood rat middens have been previously employed to track climatic shifts and changes in plant
distribution in the Great Basin and the Mojave Desert throughout the later part of the Pleistocene
Epoch (±40,000 years BP to ± 1 1 ,000 years BP), as well as through much of the Holocene Epoch (<
11,000 years BP) (Van Devender, 1977; Van Devender et al., 1987; Spaulding et al., 1990;
Spaulding, 1995). Such middens are therefore highly paleontologically sensitive. If encountered,
such middens will need to be salvaged and studied in order to determine their age and potential
paleontologic significance.

3.2.1.8 Quaternary alluvium

Portions of the proposed Table Mountain Wind Power Project are also situated on sediments mapped
by Longwell et al. (1965) as Recent and possibly Pleistocene alluvium (Qal). This alluvium has low
potential to contain significant nonrenewable paleontologic resources. However, this alluvium may
very well overlie undisturbed sediments of other fossil-bearing rocks units discussed above; should
such Lincrodcd sediments be present at depth, they would have high paleontologic sensitivity (see
above).

3.2.2 Review of Existing Localities

A review of the Regional Paleontologic Locality Inventory (RPLI) was conducted by the staff of the
Section of Geological Sciences, SBCM. The results of this review indicate that no paleontologic
resource localities are recorded anywhere within the area of potential effect of the Table Mountain
Wind Power.

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4: RESEARCH QUESTIONS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The significance of paleontologic resources can be determined by placing the recovered fossils and
their associated contextual data in a pertinent research framework. A broad-based, initial research
framework can be established that presents questions of scientific interest that can be asked of any
sizeable paleontologic assemblage.

4.2 CATEGORIES FOR POTENTIAL RESEARCH

The criteria advanced for interpretations of paleontologic resource significance constitute the
foundation for any research design. Since a fossil is not generally considered to be significant unless
it conesponds to one or more of these classes, any research program must be designed to reflect this
fact. Research questions that do not incorporate one or more of the significance criteria should not
be considered or included in the research design.

As has been previously stated, resource significance can be determined by examining the recovered
fossils in light of the following criteria:

1. The resources provide data on the evolutionary relationships and developmental
trends among organisms, both living and extinct;

2. The resources provide data useful in determining the age(s) of the rock unit or
sedimentary stratum, including data important in determining the depositional history
of the region and the timing of geologic events therein;

3. The resources provide data regarding development of paleobiological communities
and/or the interaction between paleobotanical and paleozoological biotas;

4. The resources represent unusual or spectacular circumstances in the history of life;

5. The resources are in short supply and/or in danger of being depleted or destroyed by
the elements, vandalism, or commercial exploitation, and are not found in other
geographic locations.

Based upon these criteria, then, several broad and basic categories for potential research are
presented here as being of significant scientific interest, as well as being pertinent to the geologic and
paleobiologic history of the many fossil strata that might be impacted by development of the Table
Mountain Wind Power Project. These categories do not in and of themselves comprise a complete

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research framework; rather, they provide a starting point from which to address the significance of
any assemblage(s) identified from the project property. These categories include:

Faunal composition of the assemblage
Age(s) of the assemblage

Depositional environment of the sedimentary sequence
Taphonomic factors influencing the assemblage

Population structure/dynamics of individual species within the assemblage

Paleoenvironment of the region at the time(s) of deposition

Questions specific to individual species represented within the assemblage

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5: PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES MONITORING PLAN

5. 1 MITIGATION MEASURES

The following are mitigation guidelines to be employed during construction conducted in association
with development of the Table Mountain Wind Power Project. The mitigation measures will
effectively mitigate adverse impacts to paleontologic resources to less than significant levels. These
measures are summarized below as Paleontology Actions (PA) 1 through 6. The specifics of the
mitigation efforts, including monitoring of excavation, curation, preparation of the final report and
storage of specimens, are detailed subsequently (Section 6). These mitigation measures are subject
to review by the BLM.

Prior to construction

PA' 1 An orientation workshop shall be prepared, reviewed by the BLM, and presented by a

professional paleontologist to explain paleontologic mitigation guidelines and
procedures to the contractor and construction workers. This workshop, which may be
pre-recorded and displayed via video or digital media subject to approval by the
BLM, can be presented in conjunction with any pre-grade meetings conducted prior
to excavation. The workshop will review the Paleontologic Resources Mitigation /
Salvage Plan (PRMP), and will endeavor to explain the nature, appearance and
importance of fossil vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The responsibilities of
construction personnel in a paleontologic mitigation context will also be detailed.
Construction workers shall not collect any fossils found during construction before
their significance can be assessed by a qualified paleontologist. An outline for the
paleontology workshop is provided in Appendix A (attached). A document entitled
“Checklist for Paleontologic Resources and Guidelines for Construction Personnel”
has also been prepared for this task and is also provided in Appendix A. These
documents are subject to review by the BLM.

All construction inspectors and environmental monitors shall be briefed on the
locations of high sensitivity areas for paleontologic resources as part of a training
program including information on all aspects of the project. This training program
will cover items addressed in the paleontology workshop, but more training and
detail will be included. It will be stated during the paleontology briefing that it is
unlawful for construction inspectors or environmental monitors to collect significant
fossils from the grade separation or any other construction area during construction,
as these fossils belong to the public and will be placed in a recognized curation
facility such as a museum or university, where they will be treated, stored,
maintained and made available for scientific study.

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I*A-2 A field reconnaissance of the area of potential effect for the proposed Table

Mountain Wind Power Project shall be conducted in advance of excavation, under
permit from the BLM. This survey will examine existing rock units exposed within
the area of potential effect of the project that might be impacted by the development
of new access roads or other construction-related activities. The survey will traverse
both the sites of the proposed wind towers and all associated features (access roads,
etc.) to confirm geologic mapping, locate and recover any significant nonrcnewable
paleontologic resources exposed at the surface, and assess paleontologic sensitivity
with more precision. Small samples of the exposed rock units will be collected
during this survey, particularly from the Monte Cristo Limestone and the Bird Spring
Formation, to determine which of the members of these formations are present in the
area of potential effect, and to preserve a small remnant of such exposures for future
study. Rock quarrying may be necessary in these instances, in which case available
construction personnel may be requested to provide appropriate equipment for most
efficient and timely removal of the resource(s). Cracks, fissures and/or other
openings at the surface leading to possible subsurface Pleistocene caves will be
assessed for paleontologic potential. Geotechnical techniques capable of detecting
larger voids in the limestone that lack surface expression may also be employed at
this time. Wood rat middens present in the area of potential effect will be identified
and collected for analysis and preservation. The results of the field reconnaissance
will be presented in report form at the conclusion of the study.

During construction

PA'3 It is highly likely that paleontologic resources will be encountered throughout

construction in those geologic formations designated as having paleontologic
potential. However, in most cases these fossils will be marine invertebrates from
Paleozoic limestone formations that are present in such abundance and over such a
broad geographic extent in Clark County that excavation will not cause significant
adverse impacts. As a result, full-time monitoring of excavation is not required.
However, as stated there is potential to encounter previously-unrecorded subsurface
cave deposits during excavation, as well as wood rat middens. If encountered, these
resources would have high paleontologic sensitivity. In these cases work shall be
redirected to another area nearby so that the scientific significance of the find may be
assessed by a qualified professional paleontologist. Construction monitors shall
notify the onsite construction monitoring coordinator. A qualified professional
vertebrate paleontologist with regional experience shall then assess the significance
of the find and recommend additional mitigation measures, as necessary. The
paleontologist shall be retained to perform inspection of the excavation and to
salvage exposed significant resources as necessary. Where feasible, standard samples
1 2,724 kg (= 6,000 lbs or 2.4 cubic meters) each] of fossiliferous sediment may be
collected for recovery and identification of terrestrial microvertebrates (rodents.

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birds, rabbits). Monitors shall also determine whether the fossil is part of an
archaeologieal deposit; if so, it shall then be considered a cultural resource discovery
and treated according to the procedures specified in the Cultural Resource
Monitoring Plan prepared prior to construction. In the event that substantial
subsurface cave deposits too large and/or widespread to be mitigated in a timely
fashion are encountered, the construction monitoring authority and the BLM shall be
contacted to discuss procedures for avoiding the site until an appropriate, research-
based program of excavation and recovery can be designed and effected.

This measure will be implemented by requiring periodic (once a week at the outset;
subject to modification based upon need, excavation schedules, etc.) paleontologic
monitoring in rock units wherein cave deposits may be likely to have formed.
Paleontologic monitors will be qualified professional vertebrate paleontologists with
regional experience, under permit from the BLM. These paleontologic monitors will
be empowered to determine significance in the field and if possible to recover the
data immediately.

This paleontologic measure will be further implemented by the retention of a
qualified professional vertebrate paleontologist to provide “on-call” paleontologic
services in the event significant paleontologic resources are encountered in the
absence of a paleontologic monitor. If fossils are discovered by environmental
monitors and/or construction personnel, work shall be redirected to another area
nearby so that the on-call paleontologist may be contacted and the scientific
significance of the find assessed. Construction crew members should proceed as
outlined in Section 5.3.1, below.

If subsurface Pleistocene cave deposits are encountered, and if these deposits are of a
size and distribution that they can be effectively dealt with using standard
paleontologic mitigation techniques, fossils will be salvaged only when determined
upon examination in the field to be diagnostic or potentially diagnostic. Large
vertebrate fossils exposed by excavation will be expeditiously jacketed with plaster
bandages or strips of burlap saturated with plaster, then removed and returned to the
paleontology laboratory for preparation, identification and permanent storage.
Standard samples 1 2,724 kg {= 6,000 lbs or 2.4 cubic meters) of sediment, as
modified from Wolff (1975)| of fossiliferous sediments will be salvaged from
designated microfossil sampling localities. This sedimentary matrix will be
stockpiled on-site, and subsequently processed; recovered specimens will be
identified and curated. Contextual data associated with the resources will be
recorded in the field, and sites will be photodocumented.

This measure will be further implemented by the mobilization of additional
paleontologic field monitors of the discovery if unusually large finds are encountered

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during excavation. This procedure will optimize data recovery and avoid
construction delays.

PA'4 The preservation of significant fossils (if found during construction) by removal will

occur as described in PA-3, unless it is not feasible. In cases where the fossil(s)
cannot be removed immediately, the location of the fossil(s) shall be stabilized to
prevent further deterioration prior to data recovery under the direction of a qualified
vertebrate paleontologist. Stabilization in these cases can (as necessary and safely
feasible) include the following: removal of overburden; exposure of the resource(s);
application of an appropriate hardening agent (e.g., Vinac for vertebrate fossils); and
(in those cases where the resource cannot be recovered at all) reburial of the resource.

Data recovery in these cases will include documentation of pertinent data (lithology,
stratigraphy, taphonomy, etc.) as well as photodocumentation where possible.

After construction

PA'5 For all macro- and microfossils (vertebrate, invertebrate and/or plant) recovered

during the field reconnaissance or during construction, a data recovery program shall
be undertaken that includes preparation of recovered specimens to a point of
identification and permanent preservation (including screen washing of fossiliferous
sediment samples to recover small to microscopic vertebrate fossils); preparation of
large vertebrate fossils recovered in plaster jackets; long-term stabilization of all
recovered significant fossils; and analysis. The paleontologic monitoring and salvage
team shall include an expert in vertebrate paleontology. A final report, including an
itemized and accessioned inventory of recovered specimens, shall be prepared by a
professional vertebrate paleontologist and distributed to the appropriate lead
agencies. This report shall include any important megainvertebrate fossil localities
and/or fossil plant localities. These items and procedures are discussed elsewhere
under “Curation Plan.”

PA'6 All fossil remains recovered during constmetion and associated development activity

shall be curated at the expense of the developer at a qualified research facility (e.g.,
the Nevada State Museum or SBCM). A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for
curation shall be reviewed and approved among the developers, the BLM, and the
designated curation facility providing rights to these materials for guaranteed future
research access.

5.2 FIELD MONITORING PROCEDURES

The SBCM has established the following procedures and guidelines to ensure the proper protection,
salvage and recovery of paleontologic resources as they are encountered. Procedures for monitoring

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and fossil recovery by qualified paleontologic field luonitors are addressed as well as guidelines for
couslruetiou personnel and excavation contractors who may encounter paleontologic resources in the
course of their activities during excavation.

A qualified, professional vertebrate paleontologist thoroughly trained in paleontologic salvage
guidelines and techniques will be on-site periodically during all excavation activities conducted in
rock units that have been identified to have high paleontologic sensitivity. Field monitoring and
fossil salvage will be conducted under permit from the BLM. Paleontologic monitors will be
equipped to efficiently salvage fossils as they are unearthed in order to avoid excavation/construction
delays.

Paleontologie monitors and/or their necessary equipment (including trucks) will be working
intermittently in the area(s) of active excavation. Constmetion equipment operators will be
instructed to give these monitors a wide berth (~ six meters/twenty feet at least) for safety reasons.
The paleontologic monitors will be prepared to quarry rock samples where necessary, and to remove
samples of sediments that are likely to eontain the remains of small to microseopie fossil
invertebrates and vertebrates; the monitors may enlist the assistance of constmetion personnel and
equipment in this undertaking, in order to avoid delays in excavation activities. The monitors will be
empowered to temporarily halt or divert equipment to allow removal of abundant or large specimens.

The paleontologic monitors will be provided with appropriate safety materials (hard hats, orange
vests with reflective yellow tape, steel-toed boots, et cetera) in order to promote safety and to
facilitate ease of observation by the equipment operators.

Because the monitors will be performing their duties in close proximity to the excavation equipment,
they have been trained to make themselves visible to equipment operators while in the field, and will
usually endeavor to make eye contact with the operators prior to entering a potentially hazardous
area. They will frequently be required to operate vehieles or equipment near active excavation areas.
For this reason, the operators must be alert at all times to the presence of paleontologic monitors and
their equipment in the excavation area.

5.3 CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL PROCEDURES

As addressed in the attached document, “Guidelines for Construction Personnel and Supervisors”
(provided in Appendix A), crews and supervisors should be on the lookout at all times for fossils,
bones, animal trackways, charcoal, ash or other paleontologic resources exposed during all
excavation activities. Although paleontologie monitors will be present periodically during
excavation in rock units with high fossil potential, onsite personnel and/or other construction
contractors may provide invaluable assistance in the salvage and recovery of these resources.

Upon encountering an exposed fossil or other paleontologic resource, the paleontologie monitor(s)

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will stake olTand Hag an area of ± two (2) meters on all sides of the find, in order to alert equipment
operators to the presence of a potential resource. The monitor(s) will then further expose the find in
order to assess the potential significance of the find and determine the appropriate recovery
requirements. Construction crews must avoid these staked off/tlagged areas by a minimum of six (6)
meters until the paleontologists have authorized continued excavation.

5.3.1 Fossils discovered by construction personnel during excavation

As stated above, a qualified paleontologic monitor will be on-site periodically during all excavation
activities conducted in rock units that have been identified to have high paleontologic sensitivity: the
Goodsprings Dolomite, the Sultan Limestone, the Monte Cristo Limestone, and the Bird Spring
Formation. However, it is possible that construction crew members or equipment operators may be
the first individuals to observe paleontologic resources exposed by excavation. It is also possible
that fossils or other resources will be encountered at times when no paleontologic monitor is present.

In these cases, it is unlawful for construction workers and other construction contractor personnel
to collect scientifically significant fossils from any construction area during construction. The
following guidelines are therefore to be employed in these cases.

In the event that the construction crew or the equipment operators suspect that they’ve uncovered
significant fossils such as wood rat middens or evidence of subsurface cave deposits (invertebrate
fossils are abundant and likely to be encountered, but are not here considered to be significant),
preservation of these resource(s) and notification of the paleontologic monitor are of prime
importance. Upon uncovering a potential resource, constmetion personnel should immediately
divert excavation activities away from the potential site. Suspected resource localities should be
avoided by a minimum of six (6) meters until the paleontologic monitor has approved further
excavation. Subsequent to diverting construction equipment, operators and crew members must
immediately endeavor to catch the attention of the paleontologic monitor, if present. The sooner the
paleontologic monitor is alerted to the presence of the find, the sooner he or she can stake off and
flag the area, assess the significance of the remains, recover the resource (if necessary), and permit
excavation to continue in that area. Excavation in the affected area must not continue until
authorized by the paleontologic monitor.

If the paleontologic monitor is not in the immediate vicinity, or is not on site, the operator or crew
member should immediately stake off and flag the affected area, so that subsequent excavation
equipment does not further damage or destroy the resource. Equipment operators are advised to
carry lathe stakes and colored flagging with them at all times, to facilitate this mitigation effort.
Once the affected area is staked off and flagged (if possible), the operator or crew member must then
immediately contact the construction inspector. It is this inspector’s responsibility to contact the
paleontologic monitor or the lead paleontologist in this situation. The paleontologic monitor will
respond to the construction inspector’s request for assistance as soon as it is possible for him or her
to do so. Construction crews and their supervisors must keep in mind that the paleontologic monitor
may be involved in recovering resources elsewhere in the excavation, so an immediate response may

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not always be possible.

In every ease, supervisors and crew members should avoid moving or disturhuig die resonrce(s) until
the paleontologist(s) have determined the significance of the find. Again, it is unlawful for
construction workers or other construction contractor personnel to collect significant fossils from
any construction areas during construction. Work may not continue in the affected area until the
paleontologic monitor(s) have removed or otherwise mitigated impacts to the find(s) and authorized
further excavation.

5.4 RECORDATION AND DOCUMENTATION OE PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES

All paleontologic field monitors are trained in standardized methods and procedures to ensure that
data collection is equitable among all identified paleontologic resource localities. All data collection
and recordation techniques, as well as standard safety equipment and safety procedures will be
reviewed prior to the project start-up.

During the paleontologic mitigation monitoring program, all observed pertinent data will be recorded
on waterproof field notebooks with permanent ink on-site at the time the resource has been exposed
and recovered. All paleontologic field notes will be retained at the appropriate paleontologic
resource repository; photocopies will be generated frequently to ensure that there are always
permanent copies in the event a field notebook is lost or misplaced.

Monitors will be equipped with Brunton or equivalent compasses with built-in clinometers to pennit
precise elevational siting of fossil horizons; it is imperative that accurate stratigraphic infonnation is
obtained in this way. The use of Global Positioning System (GPS) units will allow monitors to
accurately plot paleontologic resource localities on the project maps that will be provided for them.

Characterization of the sedimentary lithology is important in paleontologic studies. The character of
the sediment sunounding the resources provides many clues as to the environment of deposition.
Lithologic description is enhanced by the use of rock color charts to uniformly assess sediment color.
Additionally, details such as grain size, shape, sorting, roundness, and sphericity of lithologic
samples will be determined by the monitor in the field with a hand lens. Small samples of sediment
will be collected at each resource site. Monitors will also sketch measured stratigraphic sections of
the area surrounding a resource locality. Photodocumentation will be conducted where judged
appropriate by the field monitor.

For taphonomic studies, magnetic north will be noted using a Brunton or equivalent compass and
written on the fossil specimens (or plaster jackets that encase them) so that the original orientation of
the specimen(s) in the sediment is preserved. Other taphonomic data (evidence of trampling,
weathering, etc) will be noted where pertinent; however, in most cases these determinations are
better performed in the laboratory.

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For safely pui poscs, paleontologic field monitors will be equipped with hard hats, bright orange vests
with a relleetive eoating, and steel-toed boots.

5.5 RECOVERY OE PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES

5.5.1 Megafaunal Sampling Plan

The potential distribution of subsurface cave deposits likely to be impacted by excavation cannot be
known a priori. The megafaunal sampling plan will therefore be strictly dictated by the excavation
activities planned for the development project. The paleontologists will provide spot-check
monitoring only in the areas that are being excavated in rock units that have high paleontologic
potential.

Where a paleontologic monitor discovers a vertebrate megafaunal resource locality exposed by
excavation, the fossils will be expeditiously jacketed with plaster bandages or strips of burlap
saturated with plaster, then removed and returned to the appropriate, professionally-recognized and
accredited curatorial facility for preparation, identification and permanent storage.

5.5.2 Microfaunal Sampling Plan

The sampling of microvertebrates is critical to understanding both the temporal and the
paleoecological aspects of the sediments encountered in conjunction with development.
Micro vertebrates (especially rodents) can be useful to paleontologists in determining the age of the
sediments in which they are deposited; this relative age dating application is called biochronology.
This method is ideally utilized in conjunction with methods of absolute dating such as the
radiometric dating of ashes, charcoal or dating of bone collagen to obtain a clear picture of the age of
the sediments. Recovery and analysis of fossil pollen can potentially enable determination of
changes in plant distributions and microclimate through time.

Microfauna are also extremely useful in determining the paleoenvironment in existence at the time
the sediments were deposited. Small animals such as amphibians and reptiles are very specific to
certain environments (pond turtles, for instance, live near water). Amphibians in a sample are also
indicative of a wet environment since they must reproduce in water. Analysis of the microfauna can
therefore enable us to determine what the climate was like during the time periods that span the rock
units exposed during development. Large vertebrates are less useful for paleoenvironmental
analysis, due to their proclivity for traveling large distances during their lifetime; it follows,
therefore, that small animals which have restricted geographic ranges would be more likely to yield
environmental data.

5.5.2. 1 Details of Microfaunal Sampling Plan

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The niicrot'aunal sampling plan is designed to allow for the recovery of microvertebrates at
appropriate locales within the area of potential effect of the Table Mountain Wind Power Project.

The recovery of bulk samples of sediment that contain microvertebrate remains has been
standardized by Wolff ( 1975). Standard samples of fossiliferous matrix are generally accepted to be
2,724 kg (6,000 lbs = 2.4 cubic meters) per lithologic horizon. As discussed in PA-3 above, the
sampling calls for standard samples of matrix to be collected within members or formations that
have proved to produce tenestrial vertebrate fossils, or that have undetermined potential to produce
such fossils. This sedimentary matrix will be stockpiled on-site, and subsequently processed;
recovered specimens will be identified and curated.

5.5.3 Marine Invertebrate Sampling Plan

Surface exposures of the Goodsprings Dolomite, the Sultan Limestone, the Monte Cristo Limestone,
and the Bird Spring Formation have high potential to contain marine invertebrate fossils. Samples of
these geologic formations containing a representative sample of the fossil assemblages will be
recovered from areas of potential impact (possibly by quarrying if necessary) and removed for
laboratory preparation and storage. The size and nature of the recovered samples will be determined
at the time of recovery, during preconstruction field reconnaissance.

5.6 CURATION PLAN

Curation of fossil specimens collected during the paleontologic mitigation program includes the
preparation of recovered specimens to a point of identification and permanent preservation, including
screen washing of fossiliferous sediment samples to recover small to microscopic vertebrate fossils.
Large specimens encased in plaster Jackets taken from the site will be prepared in the paleontology
laboratory.

5.6.1 Processing and Curation Techniques

The curation plan calls for laboratory preparation of recovered vertebrate fossil remains to a point of
identification and permanent preservation (not exhibition). This preparation generally requires
exposure of the recovered resource(s) by removal of the surrounding sedimentary matrix from the
jacket; this matrix is saved for later microfossil processing. Once all of the matrix has been removed
and the specimen has been cleaned, the fossil is hardened with Vinac, a modified polyvinyl acetate
homopolymer, that has been thinned with acetone in order to enable the hardener to more fully
penetrate the fossil. Vinac may be applied several times before the fossil is deemed to be sufficiently
sturdy for permanent storage. Excess plaster from the jacket is then trimmed, to reduce the amount
of storage space required by the specimen.

The curation plan also includes the processing of standard samples of fossiliferous matrix.

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Sedimentary matrix will he water-waslied through staeked sets of 20- and 3()-mesh screens and sun-
dried; select sediment samples may he washed through more finely-meshed screens to enable the
recovery of microscopic ostracodes or fossil pollen, where appropriate. To accelerate the breakdown
of fossiliferous matrix, sediments will he oven-roasted to promote drying, then re-submerged in
water to facilitate disaggregation of clays and fine silts. Subsequent screen washing will remove
these fine sediments and leave fossil specimens in a clean concentrate. This concentrate will be
visually examined — when necessary with the aid of binocular microscopes — and hand-sorted to
remove fossil specimens.

The curation plan further includes sampling for fossil pollen. In those cases where pollen is
identified from bulk samples in the field, additional sampling should be initiated where warranted in
a series of more precise (e.g., 2 cm) sampling horizons; this will potentially enable determination of
changes in plant distributions and microclimate through time.

Should plant macrofossils be exposed or identified during a mitigation program, such fossils should
be collected and prepared to a point of identification and permanent preservation (not exhibition).
This preparation generally requires full exposure of the recovered resource(s) followed by
application of a hardening agent. Misting with a 10: 1 water/white glue mixture is usually sufficient
for preserving such fossils; application of nitrocellulose thinned with acetone is also recommended in
some instances (Lepage and Basinger, 1993).

Samples of marine invertebrates collected from Paleozoic rocks will be preserved as representative
samples of the members of the geologic formations exposed. Some preparation, including abrasion
excavation and/or acid etching to more completely expose fossils preserved in limestone blocks, may
be initiated. In some cases, at the discretion of the Principal Investigator, select rock slabs containing
fossilized invertebrates may be left intact for future researchers, so that these individuals will be able
to prepare the rock slabs themselves and observe the appearance of the fossil(s) immediately upon
exposure.

Other curatorial tasks will include the identification, curation and accessioning of all recovered
specimens into the retrievable storage collections of an approved, accredited curation facility. All
data pertaining to the specimens will be recorded in the collections database of the repository.
Resouree locality information will also be plotted on topographic maps and entered into a
computerized locality database. Card stock printouts of all pertinent faunal, floral, locational, and
lithologic data pertaining to each resource locality will be produced and filed. Card stock files from
the locality database will also be printed and kept on file.

Following preparation, fossils will be stored in steel cabinets with steel geologic specimen trays.
Accession and locality data will be written in permanent black ink on acid-free paper tags associated
with each specimen; specimen identifications will be written in pencil. Accession numbers of large
fossils will be written on the bone in permanent ink. Large fossils will be stored in their plaster
jackets where necessary to help retain the integrity of the bone; excess plaster will be cut away prior

Palcontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

31

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to storage, to iiuixiiiiize storage spaee. Mierolossils will be stored in glass vials with eork stoppers;
extremely small speeimens (e.g., ostraeodes) will be plaeed in gelatin eapsnles within the glass vials.
Aeeession data slips inside eaeh of the glass vials will prevent inadvertent shiifning of the colleetion
and provide a means of “eartluinake-proofing” the eolleetion. The glass vials will be plaeed in
eardboard jewelers boxes with their data slips, then permanently stored in the geologic specimen
trays. Fossil-bearing limestone blocks will be stored in heavy-duty steel drawers. Labels bearing
accession number data shall be glued to these rock slabs, in such a manner so as not to damage or
obscure the fossil(s).

Specimens recovered during the course of the mitigation program will be identified by professional
paleontologists who have appropriate expertise in vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology and
paleobotany.

The fossils will be curated and stored and accessioned into the permanent retrievable collections of a
recognized, accredited repository. All paleontologic resources will be catalogued and accessioned
under a unique number, which would identify the appropriate property and/or development project as
the source of the fossils.

A final report of methods and results of the paleontologic mitigation plan will be provided at the
cessation of each mitigation program. The report will include a detailed discussion of how the
research goals of the project have been met, in addition to descriptions of significant finds,
discussion of the curation of the resources, and results of sampling and analysis as well as an
itemized accession inventory of all specimens recovered. A discussion of the significance of each
taxon discovered will be provided where feasible. All resource locality information will be
presented as a confidential appendix and a printout of all locality data, as well as pull-out maps with
all paleontologic resource localities plotted.

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

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6: MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS BY GEOLOGIC UNIT

This section siiininarizcs the results of the literature search and review of the Regional Palcontologic
Locality Inventory (RPLI), and applies the mitigation measures described in the previous section to
the potential project excavation areas according to geologic unit. Preconstruction surveying of the
areas where development-related excavation is planned (mitigation recommendation PA-2) is
expected to provide additional, more precise geologic detail for assessing palcontologic sensitivity.

6.1 GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS: GOODSPRINGS DOLOMITE

Age: Cambrian to Devonian?

Sensitivity: UNDETERMINED {HIGH if Pleistocene cave deposits encountered)

Description: Exposures of the fossil iferous Goodsprings Dolomite in Columbia Pass at the base of
the proposed access road.

Recommendations: The “Prior to Construction” general mitigation measures should be applied to

this area of excavation. These measures include worker education and
briefing of archaeologists and construction inspectors (PA-1) and pre-
construction reconnaissance of the area of potential impact with collection of
a small representative sample of fossil-bearing rock for laboratory preparation
and storage (PA-2), unless such fossiliferous rocks are not present. If fossil-
bearing exposures are located during the survey, periodic monitoring of
construction by a professional paleontologist under permit from the BLM
(PA-3) is also required. If significant fossil deposits are observed during the
survey or during the spot-check monitoring, including evidence of subsurface
cave deposits and/or wood rat middens, PA-4 through PA-6 will apply.

6.2 GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS: SULTAN LIMESTONE

Age: Devonian

Sensitivity: UNDETERMINED {HIGH if Pleistocene cave deposits encountered)

Description: Exposures of the fossiliferous Sultan Limestone in Columbia Pass above the
Goodsprings Dolomite near the base of the proposed access road.

Palcontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

Table Mountain Wind Power Project, Clark County, Nevada

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Recommendafions: The “Prior to Construction” general mitigation measures should be applied to

this area of excavation. These measures include worker education and
briefing of archaeologists and construction inspectors (PA-1) and pre-
construction reconnaissance of the area(s) of potential impact with collection
of a small representative sample of fossil-bearing roek for laboratory
preparation and storage (PA-2). Periodic “spot-check” monitoring of
construction by a professional paleontologist under permit from the BLM
( PA-3) is also required. If significant fossils are observed, including evidence
of subsurfaee cave deposits and/or wood rat middens, PA-4 through PA-6
will apply.

6.3 GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS: MONTE CRISTO LIMESTONE

Age: Mississippian

Sensitivity: UNDETERMINED {HIGH if Pleistocene eave deposits eneountered)

Description: Exposures of the fossiliferous Monte Cristo Limestone north and east of the summit
of Table Mountain.

Recommendations: The “Prior to Construction” general mitigation measures should be applied to

this area of excavation. These measures include worker education and
briefing of archaeologists and construetion inspeetors (PA-1) and pre-
construetion reeonnaissance of the area(s) of potential impact with collection
of a small representative sample of fossil-bearing rock for laboratory
preparation and storage (PA-2). Periodic “spot-check” monitoring of
construction by a professional paleontologist under permit from the BLM
(PA-3) is also required. If significant fossils are observed, ineluding evidence
of subsurfaee eave deposits and/or wood rat middens, PA-4 through PA-6
will apply.

6.4 GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS: BIRD SPRING FORMA TION

Age: Pennsylvanian to Permian; possibly also Mississippian

Sensitivity: UNDETERMINED {HIGH if Pleistocene cave deposits encountered)

Description: Exposures of the fossiliferous Bird Spring Lormation north and east of Wilson Pass,

Palcontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

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norlh and south of Shenandoah Peak, and north and east of the snininit of Table
Mountain above the Monte Cristo Limestone.

Kecommendations: The “Prior to Constrnetion” general mitigation measures should be applied to

this area of exeavation. These measures include worker education and
briefing of archaeologists and construction inspectors (PA-1) and pre-
construction reconnaissance of the area(s) of potential impact with collection
of a small representative sample of fossil-bearing rock for laboratory
preparation and storage (PA-2). Periodic “spot-check” monitoring of
construction by a professional paleontologist under permit from the BLM
(PA-3) is also required. If significant fossils are observed, including evidence
of subsurface cave deposits and/or wood rat middens, PA-4 through PA-6
will apply.

6.5 GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS: VOLCANICS
Age: Tertiary (‘/Miocene); also possibly Cretaceous

Sensitivity: LOW

Description: Exposures of volcanic andesite, latite, rhyolite and basalt at the summit of Table
Mountain.

Recommendations: Worker education and briefing of archaeologists and construction inspectors

(PA-1) should be conducted prior to excavation.

6.6 GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS: ALLUVIUM
Age: Recent

Sensitivity: LOW {HIGH if Pleistocene cave deposits encountered)

Description: Recent alluvial deposits that are too young to contain significant nonrenewable
paleontologic resources, and are therefore assigned low paleontologic sensitivity.

NOTE: Recent sediments present at the surface throughout the extent of the
area of potential effect of the Table Mountain Wind Power Project may be
underlain throughout their extent by fossil-bearing rock units. Excavation in
tbe younger alluvium may expose paleontologically-sensitive sediments.

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

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Kecommeiidatioiis: Worker education and briefing of archaeologists and construction inspectors

(PA-1 ) should be conducted prior to excavation. Spot-check monitoring of
excavation in these sediments should be conducted as deemed appropriate by
a qualified vertebrate paleontologist. If previously-unmapped sediments
having high paleontologic sensitivity are encountered during excavation, as
is possible at depth, PA-3 through PA-6 will apply.

Paleontologic Resources Mitigation Plan

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7: REFERENCES

Force, C., 1991. Late Pleistocene - early Holocene wooclrat (Neotoma sp.) dental remains from
Kokovveef Cave, San Bernardino County, California. In J. Reynolds (ed.). Crossing the
borders: Quaternary studies in eastern California and southwestern Nevada. Redlands:
SBCM Association Special Publication MDQRC 1991, p. 104'106.

Goodwin, H.T. and R. Reynolds, 1989. Late Quaternary Sciuridae from Kokoweef Cave, San
Bernardino County, California. Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin 88 ( 1 ) : 2 1 -
32.

Hazzard, J.C. and J.F. Mason, 1953. The Goodsprings Dolomite at Goodsprings, Nevada. American
Journal of Science 251(9): 643'655.

Hewett, D.F., 1931. Geology and ore deposits of the Goodsprings quadrangle, Nevada. United
States Geological Survey Professional Paper 162.

Lepage, B.A. and J.F. Basinger, 1993. The use of lacciuer (nitrocellulose) for the coating and
preservation of fossil leaf impressions. Journal of Paleontology 67(1):

Longwell, C.R., 1921. Geology of the Muddy Mountains, Nevada, with a section to the Grand
Wash Cliffs in western Arizona. American Journal of Science, 5th series, v. 1: 39-62.

, E.H. Pampeyan, B. Bower, and R.J. Roberts, 1965. Geology and mineral deposits of

Clark County, Nevada. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 62: 218 p.

Moore, M.B., 1991. A Mississippian invertebrate assemblage from the Monte Cristo Limestone near
Stateline, Nevada. In J. Reynolds (ed.). Crossing the borders: Quaternary studies in eastern
California and southwestern Nevada. Redlands: SBCM Association Special Publication
MDQRC 1991, p. 113-114.

Reynolds, R.E., R.L. Reynolds and C.J. Bell, 1991. The Devil Peak Sloth. In J. Reynolds (ed.).
Crossing the borders: Quaternary studies in eastern California and southwestern Nevada.
Redlands: SBCM Association Special Publication MDQRC 1991, p. 115-116.

Reynolds, R.E., R.L. Reynolds, C.J. Bell, N.J. Czaplewski, H.T. Gc^odwin, J.l. Mead and B. Roth,
1991. The Kokoweef Cave faunal assemblage. In J. Reynolds (ed.). Crossing the borders:
Quaternary studies in eastern California and southwestern Nevada. Redlands: SBCM
Association Special Publication MDQRC 1991, p. 97-103.

Reynolds, R.E., R.J. Reynolds, C.J. Bell and B. Pitzer, 1991. Vertebrate remains from Antelope
Cave, Mescal Range, San Bernardino County, California. In J. Reynolds (ed.). Crossing the
borders: Quaternary studies in eastern California and southwestern Nevada. Redlands:
SBCM Association Special Publication MDQRC 1991, p. 107-109.

Scott, E., 1997. A review of Equiis conversidens in southern California, with a report on a second,
previously-Linrecognized species of Pleistocene small horse from the Mojave Desert. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(3): 75-A.

Spaulding, W.G., 1995. Environmental change, ecosystem responses, and the late Quaternary

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development of the Mojave Desert. In D.W. Steadman and J.I. Mead (eds.), Late
Quaternary environments and deep history: a tribute to Paul S. Martin. I lot Springs, South
Dakota: Mammoth Site ot Hot Springs, South Dakota, Inc., Scientific Papers 3: 139-164.

Spaulding, W.G., J.L. Betancourt, L.K. Croft and K.L. Cole, 1990. Packrat middens: their
composition and methods of analysis. In J.L. Betancourt, T.R. Van Devender and P.S.
Martin (eds.), Packrat middens: the last 40,000 years of biotic change. Tucson: University of
Arizona Press, p. 59-84.

Springer, K.B. and E. Scott, 1994. First record of late Pleistocene vertebrates from the Domenigoni
Valley, Riverside County, California, journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 (3): 47A.

Springer, K.B., E. Scott, L.K. Murray and W.G. Spaulding, 1998. Partial skeleton of a large
individual of Memvnut americanum from the Domenigoni Valley, Riverside County,
California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(3): 78-A.

Springer, K.B., E. Scott, J.C. Sagebiel and K.M. Scott, 1999. A late Pleistocene lake edge vertebrate
assemblage from the Diamond Valley, Riverside County, California. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology 19(3): 77-A.

Van Devender, T.R., 1977. Holocene woodlands in the southwestern deserts. Science 198: 189-
192.

Van Devender, T.R., R.S. Thompson and J.L. Betancourt, 1987. Vegetation history of the deserts of
southwestern North America: the nature and timing of the Late Wisconsin-Holocene
transition. In W.F. Ruddiman and H.E. Wright (eds.). North America and adjacent oceans
during the last deglaciation: the geology of North America 3:323-352.

Wolff, R.G., 1 975. Sampling and sample size in ecological analyses of fossil mammals. Paleobiology

1: 195-204.

Section of Geological Sciences
San Bernardino County Museum
27 April 2001

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APPENDIX A

Outline of Orientation Meeting for Construction Personnel,

Checklist for Paleontologic Resources

and

Guidelines for Construction Personnel and Supervisors:
Field Recovery of Paleontologic Resources,

Table Mountain Wind Power Project

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ORIENTATION MEETING FOR CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL

AND SUPERVISORS

FIELD RECOVERY OF PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES
TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT

Prepared by:

SECTION OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM

I. INTRODUCTION

♦ Project Location and Description

♦ Scope and Purpose of Paleontologic Resource Mitigation Plan
— What is a paleontologist?

— What is “paleontologic mitigation?”

— What do paleontologic monitors do?

II. FOSSIL RESOURCES

♦ What are paleontologic resources?

♦ Why are fossils important ?

— Definitions of a “significant resource”

♦ How do we determine rock unit sensitivity?

— High sensitivity

— Low sensitivity
— Undetermined sensitivity

III. GEOLOGY / PALEONTOLOGY OF THE TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT

♦ Goodsprings Dolomite

♦ Sultan Limestone

♦ Monte Cristo Limestone

♦ Bird Spring Formation

♦ Volcanic rocks

♦ Pleistocene cave deposits

♦ Recent alluvium

IV. PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCE MONITORING PLAN

♦ Mitigation measures

♦ Field monitoring procedures

♦ Construction personnel procedures
— How do 1 recognize fossils?

— What do I do if I find a fossil?

♦ Recovery of paleontologic resources and associated contextual data
— Megafaunal sampling

— Microfaunal sampling
— Trackways

V.

SUMMARY

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CHECKLIST FOR PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES
TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT

COINSTRUCTIOrS CREWS - BE ALERT FOR THESE ITEMS / COINDITIONS 4-

Materials:

Btmes

Ancient plant remains (chunks of fossil wood, branches, logs, etc.)

Charcoal

Shells, in sediments or in rock (limestone)

Stones which appear to have been shaped or which have an unusual shape

Any objects which appear to be unusual or out of place.

Openings or fissures into existing limestone

Conditions:

Ash or ashdike sediments (grey to white, very fine-grained; often powdery in

texture and appearance)

Lake sediments (greenish, fine-grained; silts & clays)

Marine sediments (fine sands and silts; ancient limestone)

Stream or river sediments (grey to reddish gravels; water-rounded pebbles

and/or cobbles)

Playa sediments (red-brown, fine-grained clays and silts w/ mud cracks)

Any unusual or out-of-place sedimentary layers or strata.

IF YOU UNCOVER ANY OF THE ABOVE MATERIALS / CONDITIONS -
OR OTHER OBJECTS YOU SUSPECT MIGHT BE PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES:

CONTACT THE SITE PALEONTOLOGIST
OR YOUR CONSTRUCTION MONITOR IMMEDIATELY!

NOTE: IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR CONSTRUCTION MONITORS OR OTHER
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR PERSONNEL TO COLLECT
SIGNIFICANT FOSSIL RESOURCES FROM THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OR
FROM ANY OTHER EXCAVATION AND/OR CONSTRUCTION AREAS

DURING CONSTRUCTION!!

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GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL AND SUPERVISORS:
FIELD RECOVERY OF PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES
TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT

PrepLireJ by:

SECTION OP GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM

Excavation coiiLlucted in conjunction with development of the proposed Table Mountain
Wind Power Project has potential to encounter significant nonrenewable paleontologic resources ( =
fossils) that are likely to be destroyed unless proper monitoring and mitigation procedures are
emplc')yed. For this reason, c]ualified professional vertebrate paleontologists with regional experience
will provide paleontologic monitoring on-site periodically during all phases of excavation in rock
units sediments that have been targeted to contain fossil resources. To aid in this endeavor, the
following procedures have been formulated and established by the SBCM, subject to review by the
Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to instruct and assist development personnel and/or other
construction contractors in the proper protection, salvage and recovery of these resources as they are
encountered.

In brief, the following guidelines should he applied at all times during excavation:

• Be alert for paleontologic monitors and/or their equipment (including trucks)
in the area(s) of active excavation and the along haul roads. When monitors
are excavating a find, give them a wide berth (= six meters or more).

• Be alert for fossils and other significant resources (see attached checklist).
Immediately alert the paleontologic monitors in the event that paleontologic
resources are encountered. If the monitors are not in the vicinity, stake the
affected area off with lathe stakes and colored flagging. Immediately
thereafter, contact your designated construction inspector. Avoid moving or
disturbing the resource (s) until the paleontologists have determined the
significance of the find.

• Be alert for areas that have been flagged and/or staked off by the
paleontologic monitors. Give these areas a wide berth (~ six meters or more)
regardless of whether or not a paleontologist is present.

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FIELD PROCEDURE FOR MONITORINCi AND RECOVERY

Professional, qualified paleontologic field monitors will be on-site periodically during excavation
activities eondneted in potentially-fossiliferous sediments. These monitors will be equipped to
salvage fossils as they are unearthed, in order to avoid excavation/construction delays. The
paleontologic monitors will also be prepared to remove samples of sediments that are likely to
contain the remains of small to microscopic fossil invertebrates and vertebrates; the monitors may
enlist the assistance of construction personnel and equipment in this undertaking, in order to avoid
delays in excavation activities. The monitors will be empowered to temporarily halt or divert
equipment to allow removal of abundant or large specimens.

FIELD MONITORING

1. ) Construction crews and supervisors must he alert for paleontologic monitors and/or their

equipment in the area(s) of active excavation.

Paleontologic monitors will be present in the field as necessary for drilling, angering
or other excavation in high potential sediments. They will be provided with
appropriate safety materials (hard hats, orange vests w/ reOective yellow tape, steel-
toed boots, etc.) in order to promote safety and to facilitate ease of observation by the
equipment operators. The paleontologic monitors will also be provided by the
developers with hand-held radios if deemed necessary to streamline communications
with construction personnel.

Monitors will performing their duties in close proximity to the excavation equipment.
They are trained to make themselves visible to equipment operators while in the
field, and will usually endeavor to make eye contact with the operators prior to
entering a potentially hazardous area. They will frequently be required to operate
vehicles or equipment in the excavation or along the haul roads. For this reason, the
operators must be alert at all times to the presence of paleontologic monitors and
their equipment in the excavation area.

2. ) Construction crews and supervisors must be alert for fossils and other significant resources.

Construction crews and supervisors should be on the lookout at all times for fossils,
bones, charcoal, ash or other paleontologic resources exposed during excavations.
Although paleontologic monitors will be present periodically during excavation,
development personnel and/or other constinction contractors may provide invaluable
assistance in the salvage and recovery of these resources as they are encountered. All
personnel have a responsibility to protect paleontologic resources on the project.

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This is everyone's responsibility. Be on the lookout lor;

• Bones

• Ancient plant remains (cluinks of wood, branches, logs, etc.)

• Charcoal

• Ash or ash-like sediments

• Stones that appear to have been shaped

• Cracks, openings or fissures into limestone rock units

• Fossil-hearing horizons or strata (see attached checklist)

3.) Construction creivs must divert or stop tvork immediately ivhen they encounter rvhat they
suspect to he a fossil, a group of fossils, or other paleontologic resources.

In the event that the construction crew or the equipment operators suspect that
they’ve uncovered fossils or other resources during excavation activities, they should
immediately divert excavation activities away from the potential site. Suspected
resource localities should he avoided by a minimum of six (6) meters until the
paleontologic monitor has approved further excavation.

Upon uncovering a potential resource and diverting equipment, operators and crew
members should then immediately endeavor to catch the attention of the
paleontologic monitor. The sooner the monitor is alerted to the presence of the find,
the sooner he or she can stake off and flag the area, assess the significance of the
remains, recover the resource (if necessary), and permit excavation to continue in that
area. Excavation in the affected area will not continue until authorized by the
paleontologic monitor! Stakes and flagging will he removed subsequent to resource
recovery, and excavation will then be allowed to proceed.

If the monitor is not on site, or is present but not in the immediate vicinity, the
operator or crew member should immediately stake off and flag the affected area, so
that subsequent excavation equipment does not further damage or destroy the
resource. (Note: Operators are advised to carry lathe stakes and flagging with them at
all times, to facilitate this mitigation effort.) Once the affected area is staked off and
flagged (if possible), the operator or crew member must then immediately contact the
construction inspector. It is the construction inspector’s responsibility to contact the
paleontologic monitor and/or the lead paleontologist in this situation. (Note: The
nearest paleontologic monitor will respond to the supervisor’s request for assistance
as soon as it is possible for him or her to do so. However, the construction crews and
their supervisors must keep in mind that the monitors may be involved in recovering
resources elsewhere in the excavation, so an immediate response may not always be
possible.)

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Ill the event that fossils are exposed in sediments that were determined to have low
paleontologie sensitivity, the operator or crew member should immediately stake off
and Hag the affected area so that subsequent excavation equipment docs not further
damage or destroy the resource. Equipment operators arc advised to carry lathe
stakes and flagging with them at all times, to facilitate this mitigation effort. Once
the affected area is staked off and flagged (if possible), the operator or crew member
must then inunediately contact the construction inspector. It is the construction
inspector’s responsibility to contact the paleontologist in this situation. Paleontologie
field monitors will respond to the construction inspector’s request for assistance as
quickly as they possibly can.

In every ca.se, supervisors and crew members should avoid moving or disturbing the
resource(s) until the paleontologists have determined the significance of the find.
Work should not continue in the affected area until the paleontologie monitors have
removed the find and authorized continued excavation.

RESOURCE RECOVERY

1. ) Construction cretvs and supervisors must be alert for areas that have been flagged and/or

staked off by the paleorUologic monitor (s).

Upon encountering an exposed fossil or other paleontologie resource, the monitor(s)
will stake off and flag an area of ± two (2) meters on all sides of the find, in order to
alert equipment operators to the presence of a potential resource. The monitor(s) will
then further expose the find in order to assess the potential significance of the find
and determine the appropriate recovery requirements. Vertebrate fossils, plant fossils
and representative samples of vertebrate and invertebrate fossil resources will be
collected and preserved in this manner. Samples of marine fossils may be quarried.
Construction crews must avoid all such staked off/Oagged areas by a minimum of six
(6) meters until the paleontologists have authorized continued excavation.

2. ) Construction cretes and supervisors may he required to assist paleontologie personnel in the

recovery of fossiliferous sediments and/or of unusually large or abundant resources.

When bulk samples of sedimentary matrix need to be recovered during excavation
for vertebrate/invertebrate microfossil sampling, the most expeditious and cost-
effective manner to remove this material is to employ the construction crew members
and equipment for a brief period to remove the sediment in bulk (spoils piles from
the angering facilitate this task). Exceptionally large fossils, assemblages of fossils,
or fossil horizons are also most easily and economically recovered in this manner.

3. ) Construction crews and their supervisors must avoid disturbing areas that have been staked

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off for data acquisition (sedimcmt [jrofiles, stratifiraphic studies, idiotodocwnentatum, etc.)
until these areas have been cleared for further excavation by the [yaleontologic monitor.

The palcontologic mitigation program is designed to reeover not only exposed
paleontologic resonrees, but also significant contextual data associated with these
resources. For this reason, site paleontologists will often be required to stake off and
Hag some areas within the excavation in order to plot resource localities, measure
stratigraphic sections, map fossiliferous horizons, photograph exposures, and so
forth. Again, the equipment operators must avoid these staked off and flagged areas
until the paleontologists have authorized continued excavation.

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Appendix D

Biological Survey Report

s

Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility
Clark County, Nevada
Biological Survey Report

Prepared for

U.S. Bureau of Land Management
Las Vegas Field Office
4765 Vegas Drive
Las Vegas, Nevada 89018

BLM Case No. N-73726

On Behalf of

Table Mountain Wind Company, LLC
4225 Executive Square, Suite 950
La Jolla, California 92037

Prepared by
PBS&J

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89014

January 2002

PBS&J Job No. 511339.00

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Table of Contents

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION I -I

1. 1 Regional Setting I- 1

2.0 INVESTIGATIVE METHODS 2-1

2.1 Literature Review and Agency Contacts 2-1

2.2 Eield Investigations 2-1

2.3 Botanical Surveys 2-1

2.4 Mojave Desert Tortoise Surveys 2-3

3.0 REGULATORY ERAMEWORK FOR PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE BIOTA 3-1

3.1 Federal Endangered Species Act 3-1

3.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Bald Eagle Protection Act 3-1

3.3 BLM Policies 3-1

3.4 Nevada Regulations 3-1

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4-1

4.1 Topography and Geology 4-1

4.2 Botanical Resources 4-1

4.2.1 Plant Communities 4-1

4.2.2 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Plant Species 4-3

4.2.3 Cacti, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees 4-6

4.2.4 Noxious Weeds 4-6

4.3 Wildlife Resources 4-8

4.3. 1 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Wildlife Species 4-9

4.4 Game Animals 4-19

4.5 Wild Horses and Burros 4-21

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 5-1

5.1 Impacts on Vegetation 5-1

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5.2 Impacts on Wildlife 5-3

5.2.1 riireatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Wildlife Species 5-4

6.0 RECOMMENDED MINIMIZATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6-1

6. 1 Minimization Measures for Impacts on Sensitive Plant Species 6-1

6.1.1 Sensitive Plant Species 6-1

6.1.2 Noxious Weeds 6-2

6.2 Minimization Measures for Impacts on Sensitive Wildlife Species 6-2

6.2.1 Desert Tortoise 6-3

6.2.2 Desert Bighorn Sheep 6-5

6.2.3 Avifauna 6-5

6.2.4 Bats 6-6

6.2.5 Other Wildlife 6-6

7.0 REFERENCES AND LITERATURE CITED 7-1

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FIGURES

1. PiDject Vicinity Map 1-2

2. Project Action Site Location 1-3

3. Plant Survey Locations in the Project Study Area 2-2

4. Desert Tortoise Survey Transects in the Project Study Area 2-4

TABLES

1 . Federal, State, and BLM Sensitive Plant Species with Potential to Occur in the

Table Mountain Project Area 4-4

2. Estimated Number of Cacti, Agaves, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees that

Occur in the Project Area 4-7

3. Noxious Weeds with Potential to Occur in the Table Mountain Study Area 4-8

4. Federal, State, and BLM Sensitive Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur in the

Table Mountain Project Area 4-10

5. Relationship Between Sign Count per Triangular-Strip Transect Survey, Sign

Observed per Acre, and Tortoise Density Estimates 4-1 1

6. Estimated Tortoise Density Ranges Related to Survey Results 4-12

7. Estimated Desert Tortoise Density Ranges Related to Results of Linear Transect Surveys

Conducted in the Table Mountain Project Area 4-13

8. Estimated Desert Tortoise Population Density Ranges Related to Results of Triangle
Transect Surveys Conducted along the Transmission Line Corridor in the Proposed

Table Mountain Project Area 4-13

9. Temporary Impacts on Existing Vegetation within the Proposed Project Area 5-2

10. Permanent Impacts on Existing Vegetation within the Proposed Project Area 5-3

1 1. Potential Disturbance of Desert Tortoise Habitat within the Table Mountain

Wind Generation Facility Project Area 5-5

ATTACHMENTS

A Eremico2001 Botanical Survey Transects
B Agency Coordination Letters

C List of Plant Species

D Results of Plant Survey Transects

E List of Wildlife Species

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December 2001

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

ac

acre

ACEC

Area of Critical Environmental Concern

BEPA

Bald Eagle Protection Act

BLM

Bureau of Land Management

CER

Code of Federal Regulations

DCP

Desert Conservation Plan

EO

Executive Order

E

Fahrenheit

ft

foot

GREP

Global Renewable Energy Partners

HMA

Herd Management Area

1-15

Interstate 15

kV

kilovolt

kWh

kilowatt-hour

EOP

life-of-project

LOS

level of service

LVMPD

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department

LVMSA

Las Vegas Metropolitan Statistical Area

MBTA

Migratory Bird Treaty Act

mi

mile

mph

miles per hour

MSHCP

Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (Clark County)

msl

mean sea level

MW

megawatt

NAC

Nevada Administrative Code

NDF

Nevada Division of Forestry

NDOW

Nevada Division of Wildlife

NRS

Nevada Revised Statutes

ROW

right-of-way

RRCNCA

Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area

sq mi

square mile

TMWC

Table Mountain Wind Company, EEC

WGF

wind-powered electric generation facility/wind power plant

December 2001

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

WTCl

wind tuibitie generator

use.

United States Code

USDA

U.S. Department of Agrieultiire

USFS

U.S. Forest Service

USFWS

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

uses

U.S. Geological Survey

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Table Mi)uiitain Wind Ct)nipany, LLC (TMWC), a joint venture between Global Renewable Energy Partners,
(GRHP) and Siemens Energy and Automation, Inc. TWMC is proposing to develop a 1 50- to 2()5-megawatt
(MW) wind-powered electric generation facility (WGE) and ancillary facilities approximately 20 mi
southwest of Las Vegas, at the south end of the Spring Mountain Range between the communities of
Goodsprings, Sandy Valley, Jean, and Primm, in Clark County, Nevada (Eigure I ). TMWC has applied fora
20-year term right-of-way (ROW) grant from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Las Vegas Eield
Office to construct, operate, and maintain a WGE and ancillary facilities on approximately 325 acres (ac) of
public land located about 5 mi west of the junction of Interstate 1 5 (I-15) and the community of Jean, Nevada.
The 4,50()-ac study area includes portions of Table Mountain, Shenandoah Peak, and an area north of Wilson
Pass (Eigure 2).

The WGE would operate up to 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, with a generating capacity of more than
460 million kilowatt-hours (kWh). Ancillary facilities would include new and improved access roads, electric
distribution lines, communication cables, meteorological towers, a substation, and a communications control
building. Total land disturbance under the Proposed Action would involve approximately 325 ac.

The purpose of this report is to provide the results of biological surveys performed in the proposed Table
Mountain Wind Generating Eacility project area, to discuss potential impacts on sensitive species, and to
recommend minimization and mitigation measures. This report foeuses on the desert tortoise protocol survey
results and also supplements the Botanical Survey Report, M&N Table Mountain Wind Power Plant, Spring
Mountains, Clark County, Nevada (Eremico 2001, Attachment A).

1.1 Regional Setting

The proposed project is located in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada. The proposed project
encompasses portions of Potosi Mountain, Shenandoah Peak, and Table Mountain of the Spring Mountain
Range. This region of the Spring Mountains is geographically bound by the Goodsprings Valley on the east
and the Mesquite Valley on the west. The Spring Mountains are part of the Basin and Range Physiographic
Province that comprises most of Nevada and portions of Utah, California, and Arizona. This physiographic
province is characterized by a varied topography that consists of small, generally north-south trending
mountain ranges.

The project area also lies within the East Mojave Desert. The Mojave is the smallest of the four North
American deserts, lying primarily in California, but also including the southern quarter of Nevada and two
small extensions into western Arizona (Larson 1977). It is bordered by the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains
on the west, the Great Basin Desert to the north, the Colorado River to the east, and the San Bernardino
Mountains and the Sonoran Desert to the south. This region is marked by extreme conditions. The climate is
arid, accompanied by extreme temperatures ranging from 20°E to more than 1{)()°F. Overall precipitation is
very low, with erratic rainfall patterns that tend to be localized. Distribution of vegetation is strongly
influenced by variations in elevation and soil.

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Figure 1
Project Vicinity
Map

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Legend

Proposed Action

Site Location

1 1 Table Mountain Project Area

Proposed Access and

Service Roads

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2.0 INVESTIGATIVE METHODS

2.1 Literature Review and Agency Contacts

Lists were eoinpiled of sensitive plant and wildlife species that have p(.)tential to occur in the study area using
information prov ided hy the Nevada Natural Heritage Program (Miskow 2001 ) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (ILSFWS) (Burroughs 2001a) (see Attachment B). Coordination with the Nevada Division of Wildlife
(NfX)W) was also conducted to obtain information on sensitive species that have potential to occur in the
study area.

2.2 Field Investigations

Field investigations for botanical resources and for the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) were
conducted by biologists for the Proposed Action and Alternatives A and B, including ancillary facilities and
access road alternatives, in April, May, and November 2001. Field investigations for sensitive plants
conducted by Eremico Biological Services and PBS&J on April 30 through May 3, and May 8 through 14,
200 1 , are discussed in Botanical Survey, M&N Table Mountain Wind Power Plant, Spring Mountains, Clark
County, Nevada (Eremico 2001, Attachment A). Botanical and desert tortoise surveys were performed by
PBS&J on May 7 through 10, 24, 25, and 29, and November 14, 16, and 17, 2001 . Wildlife observations were
noted while conducting protocol surveys for the desert tortoise and also during the spring botanical surveys.

Biologists that participated in the field investigations included Kelly Shook, Dick Davis, Bobby Tuttle, Darin
Busby, Gary Galbraith, Ken MacDonald, and Billye Jean Sisler of PBS&J, Inc.; Denise Laberteaux and Bruce
Garlinger of Eremico Biological Services; Mike McGovern, Biological Consultant; Hermi Hiatt, Biological
Consultant; and Jason Williams, Biological Consultant.

2.3 Botanical Surveys

Timing of the botanical surveys conesponded with the standard flowering periods of the sensitive plant
species that have potential to occur in the project area. Biologists walking parallel transects spaced at
approximately 50-ft intervals performed botanical surveys. Surveys along the proposed turbine strings
covered a 200-ft-wide corridor. A l()0-ft-wide corridor was surveyed along the proposed distribution line
corridors. A 60- to 120-ft-wide corridor was surveyed for new road locations, and a 50-ft-wide survey was
conducted along the edges of existing roads proposed for widening. Each 5-ac laydown area was surveyed to
100% coverage using 50-ft-wide parallel pedestrian transects. Project areas surveyed for sensitive botanical
resources are shown in Eigure 3.

Botanical surveys conducted within the standard tlowering periods in late May, revealed many plants were
dried and unidentifiable in the following areas; the Table Mountain access road, the proposed wind turbine
string located south of Deadmans Canyon, and the northernmost proposed above ground transmission line.
Therefore, surveys of these three areas focused on assessing habitat for sensitive species and estimating cacti
and yucca numbers.

Additional field surveys were conducted in November 2001 to assess habitat along the new access road to
Shenandoah Peak and at the relocation of the proposed substation one-quarter mile west of the existing VEA
Mead-to-Pahnimp 230-kV transmission line. Eield surveys of the new access road to Shenandoah Peak new
substation location and were performed outside the accepted time frame for sensitive plant surveys, therefore,
surveys of these two areas focused on assessing habitat for sensitive species and estimating cacti and yucca
numbers. Approximately 700 ac were surveyed for botanical resources.

December 2001

Biological Sur\'ey Report

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pT] Plant Survey Transect Number

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Figure 3

Plant Survey Locations
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2.0 Investif’ative Methods

2.4 Mojave Desert Tortoise Surveys

Field surveys for the desert tortoise were conducted from May 7 through 10, 2001. Surveys along the
proposed turbine strings covered a 200-ft-wide corridor. A 100-ft-widc corridor was surveyed along the
proposed distribution line corridors. A 60- to 1 00-ft-wide corridor was surveyed for new road locations, and a
30-ft-wide survey was conducted along the edges of existing roads proposed for widening. Each 5-ac laydown
area was surveyed to 100% coverage using 30-ft-wide parallel pedestrian transects. On November 14, 16, and
17, 2001, field surveys were performed for the new access road to Shenandoah Peak and the new 10-ac
substation location.

The USFWS-approved Mojave desert tortoise survey protocol was used in order to determine tortoise density
in the project area (Burroughs 2001b). Approximately 300 ac of project area, occurring at or below 5,000 ft in
elevation, were surveyed to 100% coverage for desert tortoise using 30-ft-wide parallel pedestrian transects
and 1 .5-mi triangular transects. The locations of these linear and triangular tortoise survey transects are shown
on Figure 4.

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50 Meter Contours
200 Meter Index Contours

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Desert Tortoise
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3.0 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE
BIOTA

3.1 Federal Endangered Species Act

The USl^'WS perl'orms most atlmiiiistrative and regulatory aetions under the Endangered Speeies Act (ESA)
of 1973. The ESA and its implementing regulations prohibit any action that would “take” a federally listed
threatened or endangered species, or its critical habitat. Under the ESA, the definition of “take” includes to
harass, harm, or kill any federally listed species.

Each agency must ensure that any action they authorize, fund, or carry out is not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of a listed species in the wild, or destroy or adversely modify its critical habitat. If an
agency determines that a proposed action may adversely affect such a species, it must formally consult with
the USEWS pursuant to Section 7 of the ESA. A discussion of federally listed species and habitat that may be
affected by the project is provided in this report.

3.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Bald Eagle Protection Act

All birds, with the exception of house sparrows, starlings, pigeons, and resident game birds, are protected by
international treaty under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 191 8 ( 16 U.S.C. 703-71 1 ), as amended.
The MTBA is enforced by the USEWS.

Eagles are protected under the Bald (and Golden) Eagle Protection Act of 1940 (BEPA) which prohibits the
take, transport, sale, barter, trade, import and export, and possession of eagles, making it illegal for anyone to
collect eagles and eagle parts, nests, or eggs without a permit. The BEPA is also enforced by the USEWS.

3.3 BLM Policies

Special status species are those species found on public lands administered by the BLM whose survival is of
concern due to limited distribution, low numbers of individuals or populations, and potential threats to habitat.
The BLM uses the term “special status species” to include ( 1) federally listed as endangered, threatened,
proposed, and candidate species, (2) Nevada state protected species, and (3) Nevada BLM sensitive species.

The list of Nevada state protected species includes (1) only those state-protected animals that have been
determined to meet BLM’s policy definition of “listing by a state in a category implying potential
endangerment or extinction” and (2) all plant species designated by the state of Nevada as “critically
endangered.”

Nevada state protected species are to be provided with the same level of protection and consideration as is
provided for federal candidate species; that is, to “ensure that actions authorized, funded, or carried out do not
contribute to the need to list any of these species as threatened or endangered” (BLM 1988).

3.4 Nevada Regulations

The Nevada Division of Wildlife (NDOW) and the Nevada Division of Eorestry (NDE) have established a list
of species that are declining in all or portions of their natural range within the state of Nevada and are
“protected” under Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS) 501.100 to 503.585 (wildlife) and NRS 527.270-.300
(plants). NDOW performs administrative and regulatory actions involving state game and furbearer species.
NDE performs administrative and regulatory actions involving state-protected plants.

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3.0 Regulatory Framework for Protection of Sensitive Biota

Cacti, yuccas, and Christinas trees (evergreen trees are protected under NRS 527. 260-. 300 and federal
regulations (43 CFR 5400). The statute states, “it is unlawful to cut, destroy, mutilate, remove, or possess any
Christmas tree, cactus, or yucca without written permission from the legal owner.”

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4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Topography and Geology

The proposed projeet area is undeveloped and generally undisturbed. The site is located within the basin and
range physiographic prov ince in the eastern Mojave Desert. The Basin and Range is characterized by bedrock
mountain ranges separated by broad alluvial valleys formed by normal and thrust faulting.

The majority of the project area is above 4,500 ft above mean sea level; however, the elevation ranges from
approximately 3,780 ft north of Crystal Pass to 6,070 ft north of Wilson Pass. The topography ranges from
rolling to extremely steep with slopes that exceed 75% in some areas.

Geology at the site generally consists of well-consolidated sedimentary rock. Barren rock outcrops consisting
of limestone, basalt, and andesite are located on the ridges. Surrounding slopes consist of well-drained sandy
soils on erosional fan remnants; these are covered with a desert pavement of pebbles and cobbles that overlay
a lime-cemented hardpan.

The climate is arid, accompanied by extreme temperatures ranging from 20°F to more than 100°F. Overall
precipitation is very low, with erratic rainfall patterns that tend to be localized (Bradley and Deacon 1 965).

4.2 Botanical Resources
4.2.1 Plant Communities

The study area is composed of four plant communities including blackbrush scrub, Mojave creosote bush
scrub, Mojavean pinyon-juniper woodlands, and Mojave wash scrub. The variation in the plant species
throughout the project area is related to the change in elevation, soil, topography, and drainage patterns. Plant
communities typically transition into one another across ecotonal boundaries and rarely change abaiptly. The
majority of the project area is above 4,500 ft; however, the elevation ranges from approximately 3,780 ft
above mean sea level (msl) north of Crystal Pass to 6,070 ft above msl ft north of Wilson Pass. The
topography ranges from rolling to extremely steep with slopes that exceed 60%. The majority of the WTGs
would be located along ridges to optimize the exposure to wind. Blackbrush scrub communities dominate
these ridges. Information regarding the four plant communities in the project area, as discussed below, was
summarized from the Eremico (2001 ) (Attachment A) report.

Blackbrush Scrub

Blackbrush scrub typically consists of low, often intricately branched shrubs that are 0.5 to 1.0 m tall. It
occurs on dry, well-drained slopes and on flats that are comprised of shallow, often calcareous, soils with very
low water-holding capacity. The community is named for the blackbrush shrub (Coleogyne ramosissima),
which is dominant in this assemblage. Generally, this community type occurs between 4,000 and 7,000 ft in
elevation and often intergrades with Great Basin Sagebrush scrub, Joshua tree woodland, or pinyon-juniper
woodland (Holland 1986). Within the study area, blackbrush scrub occurs on the mountaintops, ridges,
mountain slopes, and upper bajadas. Individual species that compose this community vary slightly throughout
the project area due to differences in terrain and soil type. Blackbrush scrub is the most dominant of the four
communities that occur within the study area.

On Table Mountain, Joshua trees ( Yucca brevifolia) and dwarf Joshua trees ( Yucca brevifolia var.jaegeriana)
are abundant overstory species. Dominant shrubs include blackbaish, Shockley goldenhead (Acamptopappus
shockleyi), desert tomato {Lycium andersonii), spiny menodora {Menodora spinescens), Nevada ephedra
{Ephedra nevadensis), prince's plume (Stanleya pinnata), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), cliffrose
{Purshia mexicana), and winterfat {Krascheninnikovia lanata). The dominant herbaceous species are

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Calilbrnia buckwheat {Eriogoiuan fascicitlatian ssp. Polifoliitni), skeleton weed (E. deflexmn var. dejlexuin),
and w'oolly Heermann buckwheat (/:. heentumnii var. floccosiim), Mojave prickly pear cactus (Opimtia
erinacea var. erimtcca), beehive cactus {Escoharia vivipara ssp. de.sertii), beaveilail cactus (Opimtia hasilaris
var. hasilaris), and Mojave mound cactus (Echinocereiis triglochidiatus) are the dominant cacti. Blackbrush
and .loshua trees have not recovered in the same areas ot Table Mountain that burned in the recent past. The
dominant shrubs in these burned areas are desert tomato and fourwing saltbush. Various grass species
comprise the herbaceous layer.

Common shrubs along the Shenandoah Peak ridge are big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), spiny menodora,
and green ephedra (Ephedra viridis). On extensive slabs of limestone and exposed ridges Utah agave (Agave
litahensis), yellow cryptantha (Cryptantha confetti folia), and cottontop cactus (Echinocactiis polycephalus
var. polycephalus) are common. On the slopes below the ridges and on the upper bajadas, the community
consists of a high diversity of species, including Joshua tree, Mojave yucca ( Yucca schidigera), banana yucca
(Y. haccata), spiny menodora, desert tomato, Nevada ephedra, Shockley goldenhead, cheesebush
(Hymenoclca salsola), spiny hopsage (Grayia spinosa), and fourwing saltbush.

North of Wilson Pass, Joshua tree, Mojave yucca, and banana yucca comprise the overstory. Dominant shrub
species include apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa) and turpentine hroom (Thamnosma montana), while Parish
golden-eye (Viguiera parishii) and California buckwheat dominate the herbaceous layer. Dominant cacti
include Mojave prickly pear and beehive cactus. The community integrates with Mojavean pinyon-juniper
woodlands above 5,600 ft near the northern terminus of the project area.

Mojave Creosote Bush Scrub

Mojave creosote bush scrub is a widespread plant community and the most common type found in the Mojave
Desert below about 4,000 ft (Holland 1986; Rowlands et al. 1982; Vasek and Barbour 1977). It is
characterized by widely spaced shrubs that are 2- to 8-ft tall. Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) and burro
bush (Ambrosia dumosa) often are the co-dominants in this community type. Creosote bush scrub is usually
found on well-drained soils, often on bajadas and low hills, and is not found in soils with high salt or alkaline •
concentrations (Holland 1986).

The proposed project area supports a Mojave creosote bush scrub community at the lower elevations. This
plant community mainly occurs along the proposed overhead distribution line and proposed substation in the
southeastern most segments of the project area. These areas are dominated by creosote bush, burro bush,
Nevada ephedra, range ratany (Krameria parvifolia), winterfat, and prince’s plume (Stanleya pinnata). The
dominant herbaceous species include red brome (Bromus ruhens), desert (axkspnr (Delphinium parishii) and
globe mallow (Sphaeralcea amhigua). Mojave yucca and Joshua trees occur in the overstory. Cacti in these
areas include cottontop cactus, silver cholla (6>/?//n//a echinocarpa), beavertail cactus, Mojave prickly pear,
and beehive cactus.

The Mojave creosote bush scrub vegetation transitions to blackbrush scrub as elevation increases. The
replacement of white bursage by blackbrush typically demarcates this ecotonal boundary. Creosote bush
bridges this boundary and tends to slightly obscure the community borders. This transitional zone is
comprised of plant species from both assemblages and includes creosote bush, blackbrush, Joshua tree,
Mojave yucca, sweetbush (Behhia juncea), spiny menodora, desert tomato, Nevada ephedra, green ephedra,
Shockley goldenhead, cheesebush, spiny hopsage, fourwing saltbush, Pima ratany (Krameria erecta), burro
bush, turpentine broom, Apache plume, Mojave sage (Salvia mohavensis), blue sage (Salvia dorrii), desert
marigold (Baileya mult i rad i at a), and desert tobacco (Nicotiana obtusifolia). In addition to the cacti noted to
occur in the creosote scrub community, species inhabiting the transitional zone include hedgehog cactus
(Echinocereiis engelmannii) and barrel cactus (Eerocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei).

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4.0 Re. suits cuul Discussion

Pinyon-Juniper Woodland

PiiiyDii-iimiper vvoodlantl is open woocilaiul co-cloniinateci by singleleaf pinyon (Finns monophylla) and one
of several species of juniper (Jitnipents sp.), with an open shrubby understory of species coniiuonly found in
adjacent eoiunuinities. Pinyon-Juniper Woodland occurs in desert mountain ranges, usually between 4,{)()()
and 8,()()() ft iti elevation.

A small area of pinyon-juniper woodland occurred at the extreme northern end of the study area. The
vegetation in this area is dominated by singleleaf pinyon and Utah juniper (Jimiperus osteospenmi).
Dominant woody shrubs include blackbrush and cliff rose, and the herbaceous vegetation includes California
buckwheat.

Mojave Wash Scrub

In the project area, a wash scrub community was distinguished from the adjacent community type due to the
differences in the structure and species composition. The wash communities are generally composed of
species from the adjacent communities, but tend to have higher plant density and support greater species
diversity than the adjacent areas. The wash scrub community occurs in Keystone Wash, the washes east and
northeast of Shenandoah Peak near Yellow Pine Mine and Pilgrim mine, respectively. Common plants in
Keystone Wash included paper-bag bush (Salazaria inexicana), cheesebush, blackbrush, Joshua tree, and
Mojave yucca. An additional common plant in the upper portion of the wash was green ephedra. Additional
common plants in the lower portion included desert tomato, Nevada ephedra, creosote bush, and blue sage. In
the Yellow Pine Mine wash, apache plume, paper-bag bush, matchweed (Gutierrezia niicrocephala), desert
almond, and scented beardtongue were common. Common plants in the drainages, which bisected the bajada,
included apache plume, desert almond (Primus fasciculata), and scented beardtongue (Penstenum palmeri).

4.2.2 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Plant Species

Federal-, state-, and BLM-listed sensitive plant species with potential to occur in the study area are discussed
in this section. The list of sensitive plant species with potential to occur in the project area, provided in
Table 1 , is a result of a Nevada Natural Heritage Program search and coordination with the BUM Las Vegas
District Office and USFWS Ecological Services office (Marrs-Smith 2001 ; Miskow 2001; Burroughs 2001a).
Table 1 includes one species that is listed by the state of Nevada as critically endangered and 1 3 that are listed
as either a federal Species of Concern (SOC) and/or a Nevada special status species. Based on a habitat
assessment, literature research, and pedestrian surveys of the study area, it was determined that nine sensitive
plant species have the potential to occur within the area of the Proposed Action.

During field surveys of the Proposed Action and Alternatives A and B, biologists identified a total of
1 87 plant taxa representing 43 families. A list of all plant species observed in the project area during the field
surveys is provided in Attachment C of this report.

Rough Angelica

Rough angelica (Angelica scahrida), a federal SOC and a BLM special status species, is endemic to the
Spring Mountains. The species occurs in mixed conifer plant communities near springs, on moist gravelly
soils of washes, ephemeral streams, gullies, montane slopes, and avalanche chutes. It also occurs along wash
margins in riparian woodlands and shrublands at lower elevations and along stream courses and adjacent
overbank areas at upper elevations. Based on known habitat requirements, this species is not expected to
occur in the project area.

PBS|

December 2001

Biological Survey Report

4-3

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4.0 Results and Discussion

Table 1. Federal, State, and BLM Sensitive Plant Species with Potential to Occur

in the Table Mountain Project Area.

Plant Species

Status

Scientific Name

Common Name

USFW

NV

BLM

Angelica scarbrida^

Rough Angelica

SOC^’

—

N"

Arctomecon californlca^

Las Vegas Bearpoppy

SOC

o

m

CL

S"

Arctomecon merriamif

White Bearpoppy

SOC

—

N

Astragalus funereus

Black Woollypod

SOC

—

N

Astragalus mohavensis var. hemigyrus

Halfring Milkvetch

SOC

CE

S

Astragalus remotus^

Spring Mountain Milkvetch

SOC

—

N

Eriogonum bifurcatum^

Pahrump Valley Buckwheat

SOC

—

N

Eriogonum heermannii var. clokeyi

Clokey Buckwheat

SOC

—

N

Glossopetalon pungens var. glabra^

Smooth Dwarf Greasebush

SOC

—

N

Glossopetalon pungens var. pungens^

Dwarf Greasebush

SOC

—

N

Ivesla iaegerf‘

Jaeger Ivesia

SOC

—

N

Penstemon bicolor ssp. bicolor

Yellow Twotone Beardtongue

SOC

—

N

Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus

Rosy Twotone Beardtongue

SOC

—

—

Penstemon fruticiformis ssp. amargosae

Death Valley Beardtongue

SOC

—

N

Selaginella utahensis

Utah Spikemoss

SOC

—

—

Source: Miskow 2001; Burroughs 2001.

a. Covered species under the Clark County MSHCP.

b. SOC = species of concern.

c. N = Nevada special status species.

d. CE = critically endangered.

e. S = BLM sensitive species.

White Bearpoppy

White bearpoppy (Arctomecon merriamii), a BLM special status species, is endemic to eastern California and
portions of Nevada. This species is found in loose, rocky slopes associated with creosote bush scrub at
elevations of 2,000 to 4,500 ft above msl. The white bearpoppy has the potential to occur along the washes
and rocky outcrops at the lower elevations of the project area.

Black Woollypod

Black woollypod (Astragalus fimerem) is a federal SOC and a BLM special status species. This small
perennial herb occurs on dry, open, scree, talus, or gravelly alluvium derived from light-colored volcanic tuff.
It has been recorded from elevations of 3,200 to 7,680 ft above msl. Its range encompasses southern Nevada
and California. This species has the potential to occur in the project area.

Half ring Milkvetch

Halfring milkvetch (Astragalus mohavensis var. hemigyrus) is a federal SOC, a BLM sensitive species, and is
listed as critically endangered by the state of Nevada. This perennial occurs at elevations ranging from 4,065
to 6,070 ft above msl on limestone ledges and gravelly hillsides (Mozingo and Williams 1980). This species
has the potential to occur within the project area at upper elevations.

December 2001

Biological Sun’ey Report

PBS^

4-4

Tiihlc Mountaiu Wind Geneniling Facility

4.0 Resuh.s and Disc ns.sion

Spring Mountains Milkvetch

Spring Mountains milkvetch (Astrcii^alus remotus), a federal SOC and BLM special status species, is a locally
ahiindant endemic perennial known only from Rocky Gap in Red Rock Canyon to Goodsprings along the
southeastern slopes of the Spring Mountains. This species occurs in gravelly soils, rocky hillsides, and along
desert washes, typically associated with pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, grassland, blackbrush, and Mojave desert
scrub communities. This species has the potential to occur within all reaches of the project area.

Pahrump Valley Buckwheat

Pahrump Valley buckwheat {Eriogomun hifurcatum), a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada special status
species, occurs mostly in barren, saline, heavy clay or silty hardpan soils on or near playa margins. This
species range includes Clark and Nye Counties, Nevada, and eastern California. Based on known geographic
range of the species and habitat requirements, this species is unlikely to occur in the study area.

Clokey Buckwheat

Clokey buckwheat (Eriogonum heermannii var. clokeyi), a BLM special status species, is endemic to Nevada
and is known to occur in Clark and Nye Counties. Habitat for Clokey buckwheat includes carbonate outcrops,
talus, scree, and gravelly washes and banks in the creosote-bursage, shadscale, and blackbrush zones. This
species has potential to occur in the project area.

Smooth Dwarf Greasebush

Smooth dwarf greasebush {Glossopetalon pimgens var. glabra), a federal SOC and a BLM special status
species, is endemic to the mountain ranges throughout southern Nevada and the Clark Mountains in San
Bernardino, California. This species is typically associated with pinyon-juniper and sagebrush communities in
limestone cliffs and rocky slopes between 4,000 and 6,500 ft above msl. Within Clark County, the species is
found in the Sheep Range and Spring Mountains at elevations of 6,000 to 7,000 ft above msl. This species has
the potential to occur within the extreme northern portion of the project area.

Dwarf Greasebush

Dwarf greasebush (Glossopetalon pimgens var. pimgens), a federal SOC and BLM special status species, is a
southern Nevada endemic found in the Spring Mountains and Sheep Range within Clark County. This species
typically occurs within pinyon-juniper and sagebrush communities, and on limestone cliffs and rocky slopes.
Dwarf greasebush has the potential to occur within the extreme northern portion of the project area.

Jaeger Ivesia

Jaeger ivesia (Ivesia jaegeri), a federal SOC and BLM special status species, is endemic to both the Spring
Mountains in Nevada, and the Clark Mountains in San Bernardino, California. This species is associated with
Bristlecone pine (Pinas longaeva) mixed conifer communities, and can be found in bedrock and crevices of
vertical and near-vertical cliff faces of limestone and dolomite outcrops at elevations from 5,200 to 1 1,200 ft
above msl. Within Clark County, the Jaeger ivesia population includes about 10,000 individuals occurring at
35 sites on approximately 80 ac in Lee, Deer, Kyle, and Carpenter canyons in the Spring Mountains and in the
La Madre Mountains to Potosi Mountain. This species has the potential to occur within the extreme northern
portion of the project area.

Yellow Twotone Beardtongue

Yellow twotone beardtongue (Penstemon bicolor bicolor), a federal SOC and BLM special status species, is a
perennial that grows in shallow gravelly washes and on roadsides at elevations ranging from 1 ,970 to 5,480 ft
above msl. It is typically associated with creosote bush habitats, and its known distribution is Clark County,
Nevada, and portions of Arizona. This species was observed during the botanical surveys within the washes
of the proposed Wilson Pass laydown area in Section 16 of Township 24 South, Range 58 East.

PBSJ

December 2001

Biological Surrey Report

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I'dhic Mountdin Wind Genenitinii Fdcility

4.0 Result. s and Discussion

Rosy Twotone Beardtongue

Rosy twotone bearcitongiie (Penstenion hicolor roseii.s), a federal SOC, grows in shallow gravelly washes and
on roadsitles at elevations ranging from 1,970 to 5,480 ft above nisi. This perennial is typically associated
with creosote hush scrub habitat, and its known distribution includes Clark County, Nevada, and portions of
Arizona. The species occurs within the proposed Wilson Pass laydown area in Section 16 of Township 24
South, Range 58 Hast.

Death Valley Beardtongue

Death Valley beardtongue (Penslemon fruticifonnis amargosae) is a federal SOC and a BLM special status
species. Habitat for this species is poorly understood. The species is known to occur in creosote bush scrub
habitat at locations in Nye County, Nevada, and California, but is not known to occur in Clark County,
Nevada (CalFlora 2001 ). Based on the known geographic range of the species, it is unlikely to occur in the
project area.

Utah Spikemoss

Utah spikemoss (Selaginella iitahensis), a federal SOC, is a perennial, moss-like plant that forms dense, flat
mats of intertwined branches. It occurs on sandstone ledges near water in deep canyons. Its range includes
southern Nevada and Utah. In Nevada, it is known only from Red Rock Canyon in Clark County. Based on
the known geographic range of the species and habitat requirements, this species is unlikely to occur in the
study area.

4.2.3 Cacti, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees

All cacti, agaves, yuccas, and Christmas (evergreen) trees are protected and regulated by the state of Nevada
(NRS 527.060-. 120). Ten species of cactus, three species of yucca, one agave species, and two evergreen tree
species were observed throughout the project area during the surveys. Habitat and descriptions of these
species are discussed in detail in Eremico (2001 ) (Attachment A). Since most of these species were quite
numerous and occurred in nearly all areas of the project site, populations were not specifically mapped.
However, estimated numbers of each species that were observed along the tran.sects are provided in
Attachment D and in Table 2. Locations of the botanical survey transects are reflected in Figure 3.

Results of the botanical surveys, performed by PBS&J in May and November 200 1 , are shown in Table 2 for
the following areas: the southern above-ground transmission line (Transect 31); the old substation location
and northern proposed above-ground transmission line (Transect 32); the Table Mountain access road
(Transect 33); the Table Mountain laydown area (Transect 34); the Wilson Pass laydown area (Transect 35);
the proposed wind turbine string located south of Deadmans Canyon (Transect 36); the new Shenandoah
access road (Transect 37); the Shenandoah lay down area (Transect 38), and the new substation location
(Transect 39). Surveys of most of these areas focused on assessing habitat for sensitive species and estimating
cacti and yucca numbers. Numbers of individual plant species, shown in Table 2 of this document, are in
addition to those noted in Eremico (2001 ) (Attachment A) for Transects 1 through 30.

4.2.4 Noxious Weeds

Federal Executive Order (EO) 13112, signed in February 1999, directs all federal agencies to prevent,
monitor, and control the introduction of invasive nonnative species. The BLM and USDA maintain lists of
noxious plants of economic and ecological concern. Noxious weeds have become a growing concern in the
United States and in southern Nevada because they can increase in cover relative to surrounding vegetation
and exclude native plants from an area. The spread of noxious weeds has resulted in substantial economic

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December 2001

Biologicdl Survey Report

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Pinus monophylla Singleleaf pinyon ;;;; ^ ^ 0 at least 7

a. Results of surveys performed by PBS&J in May and November 2001 .

b. Combined results of survey for Transects 1-30 performed by Eremico (2001) and survey for Transects 31-39 performed by PBS&J in April, May, and November 2001 .

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impacts on some sectors of the state. Recognizing these impacts, the BLM established a goal that NEPA
documents consider and analyze the potential for weed spread and preventative rehabilitation measures for
each management action involving surface disturbance.

Chapter 535.005 of the Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS) defines a noxious weed as “any species of plant
which is, or is likely to be, detrimental or destructive and difficult to control or eradicate.” A list of currently
designated noxious weeds can be found in the Nevada Administrative Code (NAC), Chapter 555.

For the purpose of this document, and with assistance from the Nevada Division of Agriculture and the
National Park Service, the Nevada state noxious weed list was narrowed down to reflect only those species
known to occur in southern Nevada. Noxious weeds with the potential to occur in southern Nevada, and in the
project area, are shown in Table 3.

Eight nonnative plant species were noted in the proposed project area, but none are on the official noxious
weed list for the state of Nevada (NAC, Chapter 555). These species include wild mustard {Brassica
touniefortii), llixweed (Descurainia sophici), tumble mustard {Sisymbrium altissimiim). Oriental mustard
{Sisymbrium orientale), Russian thistle {Salsola tragus), red-stemmed filaree {Erodium cicutarium), red
brome {Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens), and cheatgrass {Bromus tectorum). The bromus grasses and filaree
were common throughout the project area. The red brome was most abundant in the burned areas on Table
Mountain. The other nonnative species were commonly observed in the project area along existing roads, in
mining areas, and at the radio towers.

4.3 Wildlife Resources

Wildlife observations were noted while conducting the spring botanical surveys and protocol surveys for the
desert tortoise. All wildlife species observed within the project area or identified by indirect evidence (such as
tracks, burrows, carcasses, or scat) are listed in Attachment E. These species are adapted to desert scrub and
pinyon-juniper habitats. Due to the scarcity of permanent water resources, no aquatic species are expected to
occur in the project area and none was observed during field investigations.

Table 3. Noxious Weeds with Potential to Occur in the Table Mountain Study Area.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Alhaqi camelorum

Camelthorn

Sorghum halepense

Johnson grass

Lepidium latifolium

Tall whitetop

Tribulus terrestris

Puncturevine

Acroptilon repens

Russian knapweed

Onapordum acanthium

Scotch thistle

Centaurea maculosa

Spotted knapweed

Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, dalmation

Solanum elaeaqnifolium

White Horse Nettle

Cardaria draba

Hoary cress

Centaurea solstiltialis

Yellow starthistle

Source; Rafferty and O’Brien 2000; NRS 555.010; Deuser 2000.

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December 2001

Biological Sun’ey Report
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Reptilian launa common to the project area include the western whiptail (Cnentidophorous ti^ris), zebratail
lizard (Callisuitnis draconoidcs), side-blotched lizard ( Uta siaushiiriana), longnose leopard lizard (Ganibelia
n islizenii). Cheat Basin collared lizard (Crotaphytiis insularis hicinctorcs), desert spiny lizard (Sceloponts
nniy>ister), sagebrush lizard (Sceloponts graciosits p,ntciosiis), banded Gila monsXcr (Heloderma siispectuni
cincniiii), ehuckwalla (Soiironuiliis ohsesiis), western patch-nosed snake (Salvadora he.xidepis mojavensis),
red eoaehwhip (Masticophis jlagellum piceits), gopher snake (Pitiiophis cateiufer), speckled rattlesnake
(Crotaliis mitchelH), and desert tortoise (Gopherns iigassizii).

Avifauna common to the project area include the violet-green swallow (Tachyciiieta thalassina). Brewer’s
spaiTOw (Spizella breweri), black-throated sparrow (Amphispiz.a belli), black-tailed gnatcatcher (Po/Vopt/'/a
nigriceps), noithern mockingbird (Mimiis polyglottos), Bewick’s wren ( Thiyomanes bewickii), white-throated
swift (Aeronaules sa.xatallis), common raven (Corviis cora.x), and red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). A
formal bird census has not been conducted for the study area. Avifauna observed in the study area, during
both desert tortoise and botanical surveys, are listed in Attachment E. The Great Basin Bird Observatory
(GBBO 12001 1) provided bird sighting information for the extreme northern and extreme southern portions of
the project area. The U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS [2001al) annual breeding bird survey was performed
along Sandy Valley Highway (SR 53) in the project area. The USGS (2001a) and the GBBO (2001 ) bird
information gathered within or near the study area is also included in Attachment E.

Mammalian species common to the project area include desert cottontail (Sylvilagus aiidubonii) black-tailed
jackrabbit (Lepus californieiis), antelope ground squirrel (Amtnospennophiliis leucunis), kangaroo rat
(Dipodomys spp.), desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), kit fox (Vidpes macrotis), bobcat (Lynx nifits), and
coyote (Canis lalrans). Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis eanadensis nelsoni) sign, including pellets, urine spots,
tracks, and beds were observed throughout the project area.

4.3.1 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Wildlife Species

Eederal-, state-, and BLM-listed sensitive wildlife species that have potential to occur in the study area are
discussed in this section. The list of sensitive wildlife species with the potential to occur in the project area
(provided in Table 4) is the result of a Nevada Natural Heritage Program search and coordination with the
BEM Las Vegas District Office and USEWS Ecological Services office (Marrs-Smith 200I ; Miskow 2001 ;
Burroughs 2001 a). Sensitive wildlife species include federal SOCs, BEM special status species, and those
species recognized by the state of Nevada under NRS 501 as threatened with extinction, on the state watch
list, or protected and regulated. A brief description of each species and its habitat is included in this section.

Species protection status is shown in Table 5 and includes one federally listed threatened species, twenty-six
federal species of concern (SOC), one delisted endangered species, and one species with partial federal
protection, in that a subspecies or a portion of a taxon's range has listed or candidate status, but not in Nevada.
Table 5 also includes 16 species listed by the state of Nevada and BEM as special status species, which also
may have protection under Nevada Revised Statute 501 . Eight of the taxa listed in Table 5 are also covered
species under the Clark County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). Since the BEM is a
signatory to that plan, management actions on public lands administered by the BEM must consider species
covered by the MSHCP. During field surveys of the Proposed Action and Alternatives A and B, biologists
identified a total of 102 wildlife taxa. Based on a habitat assessment, literature research and pedestrian
surveys of the study area, it was determined that 20 sensitive wildlife species have the potential to occur
within the area of the Proposed Action.

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December 2001

Biological Sun’ey Report

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4.0 Re. suits and Discussion

Table 4. Federal, State, and BLM Sensitive Wildlife Species with Potential
to Occur in the Table Mountain Project Area.

Species

Status

Scientific Name

Common Name

USFWS

NV

BLM

Reptiles

Gopherus aqassizit

Desert tortoise

T'’

—

—

Heloderma suspectum cinctum

Banded Gila monster

soO'

pd

s®

Sauromalus ater

Chuckwalla

SOC

—

N'

Birds

Athene cunicularia hypugea

Western burrowing owl

SOC

p

—

Contopus borealis

Olive-sided flycatcher

SOC

p

—

Empidonax wrightii

Gray flycatcher

SOC

p

—

Falco peregrines anatum

American peregrine falcon

DL^

p

—

Phainopepla nitens^

Phainopepla

SOC

p

S

Mammals

Corynorhinus townsendii
pallescens

Townsend’s big-eared bat

PS^

N

Eudertna maculatum

Spotted bat

SOC

T

N

Eumops perotis calif ornicus

Greater western mastiff bat

SOC

—

N

Idionycteris phyllotis

Allen’s big-eared bat

SOC

—

N

Macrotus californicus

California leaf-nosed bat

SOC

—

N

Myotis ciliolabrum

Small-footed myotis

SOC

—

N

Myotis evotis^

Long-eared myotis

SOC

—

—

Myotis thysanodes

Fringed myotis

SOC

—

N

Myotis volans^

Long-legged myotis

SOC

—

—

Myotis yumanensis

Yuma myotis

SOC

—

—

Nyctinomops macrotis

Big free-tailed bat

SOC

—

N

Invertebrates

Chlosyne acastus robusta^

Spring Mountains acastus checkerspot

SOC

—

—

Euphilotes enoptes pupurea^

Dark blue butterfly

SOC

—

—

Euphydryas anicia morandt

Morand’s checkerspot butterfly

SOC

—

—

Hesperia comma mojavensis^

Spring Mountains comma skipper

SOC

p

S

Limenitus weidemeyerii nevadae

Nevada admiral butterfly

SOC

—

—

Icaricia icarioides austinorum^

Spring Mountains icarioides blue

SOC

— _

—

Icaricia shasta charlestonensis^

Mt. Charleston blue butterfly

SOC

—

—

Speyeria zerene carolae^

Carole’s silverspot butterfly

SOC

—

—

Lasius nevadensis

Charleston ant

SOC

—

—

Pyrgulopsis deaconf

Spring Mountains springsnail

SOC

—

—

Source: Miskow 2001; Burroughs 2001.

a. Covered species under the Clark County MSHCP.

b. T = threatened.

c. SOC = species of concern.

d. P = species protected under NRS 501

e. S = BLM sensitive species.

f. N = Nevada special status species.

g. DL = Delisted.

h. PS = partial status.

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Table 5. Relationship Between Sign Count per Triangular-Strip Transect Survey,
Sign Observed per Acre, and Tortoise Density Estimates.

Number of Corrected
Sign/Triangle Transect

Density Range

California^

Nevada*’

Regression

Equation

California^

Nevada*"

0

1

0

0-20

0-10

1-3

1-3

8-15

20-50

10-45

4-9

26-81

50-100

4-7

45-90

10-15

92-148

1 00-250

8-11

90-40

15+

159+

250+

—

12+

—

—

140+

a. Berry and Nicholson 1984. Regression equation used: Tortoises per square mile (sq mi) (640ac) = 4[(CS-1 ,68)/0.35],
where CS = corrected sign.

b. From information developed by the Las Vegas District of BLM (Karl 1 980). Density ranges were developed for the District because it
was believed that estimated ranges for California overestimated actual tortoise population densities in Nevada.

4.3. 1. 1 Federally Listed as Threatened and Endangered Wildlife Species
Desert Tortoise

On April 2, 1990, the USFWS listed the Mojave desert tortoise {Gopherus agassizii) population as threatened
as a result of significant population decline and habitat loss, thereby bringing it under full protection of the
ESA, as amended. In Nevada, the desert tortoise has been categorized as “protected” pursuant to
NRS 501. 1 10 and Nevada Administrative Code (NAC) 503.080 and 503.090. Critical habitat for the desert
tortoise was designated on March 10, 1994 (59 Federal Register 5820). No designated critical habitat occurs
in the study area.

The desert tortoise occurs on arid lands, typically in association with the creosote bush scrub community. This
community is dominant below elevations of 5,000 ft above msl in the Mojave desert and is characterized by
perennial shrubs, creosote bush, bursage, Joshua trees, cacti, grasses, and a variety of other perennial and
annual plants. Preferred desert tortoise habitat includes scattered shrubs and a sufficient herbaceous
understory layer to provide food and water needs. The desert tortoise occurs most often on Oats and bajadas
characterized by sandy to sandy-gravelly soils, but may also occur on slopes and in rocky soils.

Field surveys for the desert tortoise were conducted from May 7 through 10, 2001 . Areas surveyed include
WTG corridors, access roads, laydown areas, the substation location, and the proposed 34.5-kV distribution
line, part of which would parallel the VEA 230-kV transmission line. On November 14, 16, and 18, 2001,
field surveys were performed along the access road to Shenandoah Peak, and the new substation location. The
locations of survey transects and triangle transects are shown in Attachment D.

Approximately 290 ac were surveyed for desert tortoise. A total of 34 tortoise sign (burrows, tracks, live
tortoises, droppings, skeletal parts, or carcasses) were observed over the area surveyed. Consideration of only
total sign would result in overestimation of tortoise population densities; therefore, total sign was adjusted to
account for sign clearly attributable to the same tortoise. Corrected sign was 33. Results of all surveys were
calculated based upon the linear regression model created by Berry and Nicholson (1984) and amended by the

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Las Vegas District of BLM (based on work by Karl 1980) (Tables 5 and 6). The BI.M-ainended model was
used to estimate tortoise densities for this survey. Survey results demonstrate that desert tortoise population
densities range from very low-to-low in the project area (Tables 7 and 8).

No additional federally listed as threatened or endangered wildlife species were observed during the survey of
the project site.

4.3. 1.2 Federal Species of Concern and other Sensitive Wildlife Species
Banded Gila Monster

The banded Gila mon^Wr (Helodentut suspectiim cinctum), a federal SOC and a BLM sensitive status species,
is most commonly found on the lower slopes of rocky canyons and arroyos, but is also associated with flats
that support desert scrub and succulents. This large venomous reptile is generally found in canyon bottoms or
arroyos with permanent or intermittent streams, where it digs burrows. It also seeks shelter in mammal
burrows and under rocks (Stebbins 1 985). Active at night and on cloudy days, gila monsters can be found in
arid and semiarid regions of gravelly and sandy soils throughout the Mojave Desert. Habitat occurs in the
project area for the banded Gila monster. The species was not observed during the field surveys, but is a
known inhabitant of the project area (Miskow 200 1 ; Hobbs 200 1 ).

Chuckwalla

The chuckwalla (Sauromalus ohesus), a federal SOC, is found throughout the deserts of the southwestern
United States and northern Mexico. Chuckwallas inhabit rock outcrops where cover is available between
boulders or in rock crevices typically on slopes and open flats below 6,100 ft in elevation (Stebbins 1985).
Typical habitat includes rocky hillsides and talus slopes, boulder piles, lava beds, or other clusters of rock,
usually in association with desert scrub habitat, including Mojave desert scrub, blackbaish, salt desert scRib,
and mesquite/catclaw vegetation communities. The chuckwalla requires shady, well-drained soils for nests.
Warm rock surfaces are used for basking and as lookout positions for predators.

The chuckwalla is a widespread species, but is regionally limited by its requirement for rock outcrops.
Chuckwalla are known to occur throughout the project area (Miskow 2001; Hobbs 2001 ). Several individuals
of the species and their sign were observed during field surveys in April and May 2001.

Table 6. Estimated Tortoise Density Ranges Related to Survey Results.

Density Estimates

Number of Corrected Sign
per Triangular-Strip
Transect

Corrected Sign/Ac^

Nevada Range
(number per sq mi)

Relative Density

0

0

0-10

Very Low

1-3

0.1-0.5

10-45

Low

4-7

0.6-1. 1

45-90

Moderate

8-11

1.3-1. 8

90-40

High

12+

1.9+

140+

Very High

a. Based on an approximation of 6 ac surveyed during a typical triangular survey.

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Table 7. Estimated Desert Tortoise Density Ranges Related to Results of Linear Transect Surveys

Conducted in the Table Mountain Project Area.

Site

Area

Surveyed

(ac)

Burrows^

Scat

Carcasses'’

Total

Sign

Corrected

Sign

Corrected
Sign
(per ac)

Density

Estimates'

Relative

Density'

Wilson Pass
lay down
area

5.7

—

—

—

0

0

0

0-10

Very Low

Original
Shenandoah
lay down
area

5.7

—

—

—

0

0

0

0-10

Very Low

New

Shenandoah
lay down
area

5.0

2

—

—

2

1

0.20

10-45

Low

Original

substation

location

11.2

1

—

—

1

1

0.09

10-45

Very Low

New

substation

location

10.0

—

—

1

1

1

0.10

10-45

Low

Table

Mountain lay
down area

5.7

—

—

—

0

0

0

0-10

Very Low

Access

roads

136.4

9

2

3

14

14

0.10

10-45

Low

Tower array

81.0

11

2

1

14

14

0.17

10-45

Low

Total

260.7

23

4

4

32

31

0.15

10-45

Low

a. Burrows also include caves and rock or caliche dens. Tortoise burrows currently active, recently active, and/or in good, fair, and
poor condition were used in these calculations (Murphy 2000).

b. Carcasses include bones, scutes, plastrons, and shells.

c. Tortoise population densities based on Tables 5 and 6.

Table 8. Estimated Desert Tortoise Population Density Ranges Related to Results of Triangle
Transect Surveys Conducted along the Transmission Line Corridor in the Proposed

Table Mountain Project Area.

Transect^

Area

Surveyed

(ac)

Burrows'’

Live

Scat Tortoise

Total

Sign

Corrected

Sign

Tortoises
per
sq mi*’

Relative

Density”

1

6

—

—

—

0-10

Very low

2

6

—

0-10

Very low

3

6

—

—

—

0-10

Very low

4

6

2

2

2

10-45

Low

5

6

—

—

—

0-10

Very low

Total

30

2

2

2

0-1 Od

Very low”'

a. Based on an approximation of 6 ac surveyed during a typical triangle survey.

b. Burrows also include caves and rock or caliche dens. Burrows definitely attributable to desert tortoise were considered in these
calculations.

c. Tortoise population densities based on Tables 5 and 6.

d. Two corrected sign per 30 ac surveyed using this methodology = 0.7 sign/ac = very low tortoise population density (Table 6).

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Western Burrowing Owl

The western burrowing owl {Athene eitnieiilaria hypiigea) is a federal S(X' and is protected under the MBTA.
This species is found in a variety of open liabitats throughout its range, including desert floor. This species is
a year-round resident in open, dry, grassland, Mojave Desert scrub, sagebrush/perennial grassland, and open
shrub stages of pinyon-juniper and mixed conifer habitats. It is distributed throughout Clark County in the
Mojave Desert and lower elevations of the Great Basin units in appropriate habitat. A strong association exists
between burrowing mammals and this owl. The presence of a nest burrow is a critical requirement, and the
species often utilizes de.sert tortoise burrows. Habitat occurs in the project area for the western burrowing owl.
Though signs were not observed during the field surveys, the species is a known inhabitant of the project area.

Olive-sided Flycatcher

The olive-sided flycatcher (Contopiis borealis) is considered a federal SOC. It is an uncommon summer
visitor in Clark County (Titus and Weeks 1991). Habitat for this species in southern Nevada consists of
montane forests and riparian areas. This species was not observed during the field surveys, but potentially
may occur in the northern portion of the project area.

Gray Flycatcher

The gray flycatcher is also a federal SOC and is considered a common spring and fall migrant in Clark
County (Titus and Weeks 1991). In southern Nevada, it can be found in riparian area, foothills ranging in
elevation from 4,000 to 7,000 ft, and montane forests (Titus and Weeks 1991). Although this species was not
observed in the project area, it has potential to pass through the area during migration.

American Peregrine Falcon

The American peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum) was recently removed from the federal list of
endangered and threatened species, but is protected under the MBTA. American peregrine falcons occur in a
wide range of open country habitats from desert mountains to seacoasts. The presence of tall cliffs is the most
characteristic feature of the peregrine’s habitat and is considered to be a limiting factor for this species. Cliffs
provide the peregrine falcon with both nesting and perching sites and an unobstructed view of the surrounding
area. Where cliffs are lacking, manmade structures such as buildings and bridges are occasionally used as
substitutes. A nearby source of water that supports an adequate prey base of small- to medium-sized birds is
another common feature of peregrine falcon habitat that intluences their distribution and abundance. In
southern Nevada, the peregrine falcon breeds within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area and at sites
near Lake Mohave.

Breeding habitat for the American peregrine falcon does not exist in the study area, but the species has the
potential to pass through the area during migration.

Phainopepla

The phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens), a federal SOC- and BLM-listed sensitive species, breeds from central
California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, southern New Mexico, and western Texas south to Baja
California and into Mexico. It is also known to winter in southern California, southern Nevada, central
Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western and southern Texas. In the Mojave Desert, it primarily inhabits
washes, riparian areas, and other habitats that support dense growth of mesquite and catclaw. Special habitat
requirements include trees or shrubs and berries, especially mistletoe. This species builds nests in the forked
limbs of mesquite (Prosopis spp.), cottonwood (Popuhis spp.), hackberry (Celtis spp.), willow (Salix sp.),
sycamore (Plananus sp.), and oak (Qiiercus sp.) trees and often in clumps of mistletoe 4 to 5 ft above the
ground. The species was observed in the project area. The phainopepla is a known resident of southern
Nevada (BLM 1999).

December 2001

Biological Siirx’ey Report

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4.0 Results duil Discussion

Desert Kit Fox

The desert kit fox is known to inliabit imich of the desert southwest. It is a year-round resident throughout
southern Nevada. Its primary habitat ineludes blackbrush, saltbush, and creosote bush scrub. It is also found
in pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, grassland, and lowland riparian habitats. While the desert kit fox is not federally
or state-listed as threatened or endangered, it is considered sensitive by the BLM, and a furbearer species
protected by NIX)W. Such kit fox sign as burrows and droppings was observed during the field surveys.

Townsend’s Big-eared Bat

Townsend’s big-eared bat (Coiynorhinus townsendii pallescens) is a federal SOC and is considered a Nevada
special status species by the BLM. The Townsend's big-eared bat occurs throughout the west, and is
distributed from the southern portion of British Columbia south along the Pacific Coast to central Mexico and
east into the Great Plains, with isolated populations occurring in the south and southeastern United States
(Sherwin 1998).

In Nevada, the species is typically found in low desert to mid-elevation montane habitats, although sightings
have been reported up to 1(),8()() ft (Philpott 1997; Sherwin 1998). Habitat associations include desert, native
prairies, coniferous forests, mid-elevation mixed conifer forests, mixed hardwood-conifer forests, riparian
communities, active agricultural areas and coastal habitat types (Kunz and Martin 1982; Brown 1996;
Sherwin 1 998). Distribution of this species is strongly correlated with the availability of caves and cave-like
roosting habitat (Sherwin 1 998). Populations have incurred serious declines over the past 40 years in parts of
the southwest (Brown 1996). Townsend's big-eared bat is a year-round Nevada resident and may inhabit the
project area.

Spotted Bat

The spotted bat (Euderma maciilatum) is a federal SOC and has a scattered distribution throughout Nevada
that is linked to the availability of cliff roosting-habitat. This mammal is also listed as a Nevada special status
species. It is found in a wide variety of habitats from low elevation desert scrub to high elevation coniferous
forest habitats, and is closely associated with rocky cliffs. It day roosts primarily in crevices on cliff faces, but
there is some indication that mines and caves may occasionally be used, primarily in winter. The species
hibernates, but periodically arouses and actively forages and drinks throughout the winter. Its diet includes a
variety of insects but predominantly consists of moths. In desert settings, foraging occurs in canyons, in the
open, or over riparian vegetation. In montane habitats, individuals forage over meadows, along forest edges,
or in open coniferous woodland. The major threats to this species include recreational climbing and mining
and quarry operations. This species may occur in the project area.

Greater Western Mastiff Bat

The greater western mastiff bat (Eumops pewtis californicus) is a federal SOC and is considered by the BLM
as a Nevada special status species. This bat generally seeks refuge in crevices in rocks that form vertical or
nearly vertical cliffs. Roost sites are usually chosen where there is an unobstructed drop of several ft so that
emerging bats can drop and gain sufficient momentum to become airborne (Davis 1978). The species feeds on
a variety of insects, but the majority of its diet consists of moths. This species may inhabit the project area.

Allen’s Big-Eared Bat

Allen’s big-eared bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) is a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada special status species. This
animal is found in southern Nevada, and can be found in various localities in the Spring Mountains Range and
near Gold Butte. In the summer, the species generally occupies high elevation pine and oak woodland but also
uses a variety of riparian woodland across a wide range of elevation gradients. In the winter, it is generally
found at lower elevations from creosote bush to pinyon-juniper habitats. The species is generally a year round
resident, but shifts elevations from summer to winter. The species hibernates, but may periodically forage and
drink throughout the winter. It primarily day-roosts in trees (large dead snags), but there is some indication

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December 2001

Biologicdl Sur\’ey Report
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that mines and caves are also used for roosting. The species feeds on a variety of insects, predominantly
moths. The major threats to this species include mine and quarry operations. This species has potential to
inhabit the project area.

California Leaf-Nosed Bat

The California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotits californicus) historically roosted in the Las Vegas Valley and along
the Colorado River, but roosts have been destroyed by abandoned mine closures and the formation of Lakes
Mead and Mojave. This species is listed as a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada special status species. Only a
few roosts are known to exist, although there may be some foraging activity along the Virgin River, based on
Arizona reports from the confluence of Virgin River and Beaver Dam Wash. The species inhabits low
elevation desert scrub habitats, and roosts are located below 3,000 ft above msl in proximity to desert riparian
areas. The species is a year round resident and does not hibernate.

The species is dependent on mines and caves for diurnal roosting. Night roosting occurs in a variety of places,
including buildings, cellars, porches, bridges, rock shelters, and mines. Summer colonies may contain up to
several hundred individuals, while winter colonies range from 1 00 to more than 1 ,000 individuals. Although it
is believed that this species does not migrate, local movements among roosts occur, particularly on a seasonal
basis. Prey items include grasshoppers, cicadas, moths, butterflies, dragonflies, beetles, and caterpillars. This
species forages for prey items close to vegetation and the ground surface. The species does not require
hydration from a direct water source, as it can obtain moisture from prey items. The major threats to this
species include recreational caving, mining, and habitat destruction to riparian vegetation. The species is
behaviorally sensitive to roost disturbance. This species is not likely to occur in the project area due to lack of
preferred habitat.

Small-Footed Myotis Bat

The small-footed myotis bat (Myotis ciliolabrum) is a federal SOC and is also a BLM Nevada special status
species. Small-footed myotis is a year-round resident found throughout the state of Nevada. In southern
Nevada, it is primarily found at mid and high elevations (> 6,000 ft above msl), and is occasionally found at
lower elevations. In the central and northern part of the state, it is more common at valley bottoms (3,500 ft).
The species inhabits a variety of habitats including desert scrub, grasslands, sagebrush steppe, and pinyon-
juniper woodlands, into pine forests. The species hibernates in the winter, and roosts have been found in
caves, mines, and trees. The species forages in the open for small moths, flies, ants, and beetles. The small-
footed myotis has been recorded near Wilson Tank (Heindl 2001 ), located northeast of the study area, and is
likely to occur in the project area.

Long-Eared Myotis Bat

Long-eared myotis bat (Myotis evotis) is a federal SOC and a year-round resident found throughout the state,
primarily at the higher elevations associated with coniferous forest. The species is more widespread and
common in the northern half of the state. In southern Nevada, it is only found in ponderosa pine (Finns
ponderosa) and higher elevation communities. The species is presumed to be nonmigratory and to hibernate
locally. It day roosts in hollow trees, under exfoliating bark, crevices in small rock outcrops, and occasionally
in mines, caves, and buildings. Night roosts have been found in caves, mines, and under bridges. The species
forages for moths, small beetles, and flies along rivers and streams, over ponds, and within dense forests. It
appears to have a flexible foraging strategy, catching insects by both substrate and aerial pursuit. This species
is not likely to occur in the project area due to lack of preferred habitat.

Fringed Myotis Bat

Fringed myotis bat (Myotis thysanodes), a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada special status species, is a year-
round resident found throughout central and southern Nevada. It is found in a wide range of habitats from low
desert scrub habitats to high elevation coniferous forests. The species hibernates but is capable of periodic

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4.0 Results and Diseussion

winter activity. Day anti night roosting occurs in mines, caves, trees, and buildings, d’he majority of roosts
documented in California have been in buildings or mines. The species has been radio tracked to tree hollow's,
particularly large conifer snags in Oregon and Arizona, and rock crevices in cliff faees in southern California.
Hibernacula are generally mines or caves. The species forages among vegetation primarily for beetles, but
also for a variety of other insects, including moths. The species is very sensitive to roost disturbance. The
major threats to this species include recreational caving, mining, building demolition, pest control, and timber
harvest. The fringed myotis bat has the potential to occur in the project area.

Long-Legged Myotis Bat

Long-legged myotis bat (Myotis volans), a federal SOC, is a year-round resident throughout Nevada, but is
more widespread and eommon in the northern half of the state. The species oecurs from mid- to high
elevations, and is absent from the low desert. It is associated with pinyon-juniper, Joshua tree woodland, and
montane coniferous forest habitats. It is suspected that there are elevational and latitudinal movements
between summer and winter roosts. The species hibernates but is capable of winter activity. Day roosting
primarily occurs in hollow trees, particularly large diameter snags or live trees with lightning scars. The
species also uses roek crevices, caves, mines, and buildings when available. Caves and mines may be used for
night roosts. The species forages in open areas, often at canopy height, and feeds primarily on moths, but also
on other taxa, including beetles. Hies, and termites. Population declines have been observed in the Spring
Mountains of southern Nevada. The major threats to this species include timber harvest, aerial pesticide
spraying, recreational caving, mining, building demolition, and pest control. This species has potential to
occur in the project area.

Yuma Myotis Bat

The Y uma myotis bat (Myotis yiinianensis), a federal SOC, is more closely related with water than most other
North American bats. It is found in a wide variety of upland and lowland habitats in western North America,
including riparian, desert scrub, moist woodlands, and forests, but is usually found near open water
(NatureServe 2001 ). Its daytime retreats include caves, tunnels, abandoned mines, and abandoned buildings.
It is one of the more common species of Myotis in the western United States and has potential to occur in the
project area.

Big Free-Taiied Bat

The big free-tailed bat (Nyctinoinops macrotis) is a federal SOC and a BLM special status species. The range
of this species includes the arid southwest, and northward into the Pacific Northwest (Burt and Grossenheider
1976). Roosting habitat for the bat includes crevices in cliffs, caves, and abandoned buildings. The species
diet consists primarily of large moths, but also can include grasshoppers. Hying ants, stinkbugs, beetles, and
leafhoppers (Davis 1978). Habitat for this species occurs in the study area and its presence within the project
area is likely.

Spring Mountains Acastus Checkerspot Butterfiy

The Spring Mountains acastus checkerspot (Chlosyne acastus rohusta) is a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada
sensitive status species. It is endemic to the Spring Mountains range, feeds on the nectar of the showy
goldeneye (Viguiera multiflora), and inhabits primarily mixed conifer and pinyon-juniper (Clark County
2000). It can also be found in sagebrush (NatureServe 2001). Habitat for this species occurs within the
northern extent of the project area at higher elevations on Potosi Mountain, but its presence is unlikely due to
lack of preferred habitat.

Dark Biue Butterfly

The dark blue butterlly (Eupliilotes enoptes pupurea) is a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada sensitive status
species. It is endemic to the Spring Mountains and is typically found at mid-elevations ranging from 5,900 to
8,200 ft above msl (USGS 2001b). The dark blue butterlly inhabits pinyon-juniper and mixed conifer forest

December 2001

Biological Sun’ey Report

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4-17

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Tdhle Mountain Winil Generating Faeility

4.0 Resnlt.s and Discussion

habitat and feeds on the neetar of sulfur flower (Eriogonitm umhellatiim) (Clark County 2()()()). Habitat for
this speeies is known to oeeur within the northern extent of the study area at higher elevations on Potosi
Mountain, but its presenee in the projeet area is unlikely due to laek of preferred habitat.

Morand's Checkerspot Butterfly

The Morand's eheekerspot butterfly {Euphydryas atticia morandi) is a federal SOC that occurs at elevations
of 6,800 to 11,280 ft above msl within the Spring Mountains. This endemic prefers meadows within
bristleeone pine habitat, but would also occur in mixed conifer and pinyon-Juniper (NatureServe 2001).
Known nectar species include dandelion {Taraxacum ojfininale) and Western wallflower (Etysimum
aspenim) (Clark County 2000). Because of the presence of pinyon-juniper vegetation near the northern
terminus of the project, this species has the potential to occur in the study area.

Spring Mountains Comma Skipper

The Spring Mountains comma skipper {Hesperia comma mojavensis) is a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada
sensitive status species that is endemic to the Spring Mountains (NatureServe 2001). It occurs in bristleeone
pine and woodland and forest belts at elevations of 5,000 to 1 1,300 ft above msl. This species feeds on the
nectar from bee’s flower {Cirisium sp.), dandelion {Taraxacum ojfininale), and scented penstemon
{Penstemon palmeri) (Clark County 2000). Habitat for this species occurs within the project area and its
presence is likely.

Nevada Admiral Butterfly

The Nevada admiral butterfly {Limenitis weidemeyerii nevadae) is a federal SOC and BLM Nevada sensitive
status species. It is endemic to the Spring and Sheep Mountains. Known from 46 sites between 3,000 ft and
9,200 ft above msl, this species occurs primarily in bristleeone pine and in wet areas near high elevation
springs (NatureServe 2001). Preferred nectar species include narrow-leaved yerba santa {Eriodictyon
angustifoUum), buttercup {Clematis liquilicifolia), and horehound {Marriihium vulgare) (Clark County 2000).
Although habitat for this species is known to occur within the northern extent of the project area at higher
elevations on Potosi Mountain, its presence is unlikely due to lack of preferred habitat.

Spring Mountains Icarioides Blue

The Spring Mountains icarioides blue {Icaricia icarioides austinorum) is a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada
sensitive status species. It is endemic to the Spring Mountains at elevations of 5,900 ft to over 9,800 ft above
msl (NatureServe 2001 ). The icarioides blue feeds on the nectar of the sulfur flower (fr/ogom/w umhellatum),
dusty maiden {Chaenactis doiiglasii), and blue flax {Linum lewisii), and prefers disturbed areas, such as road
cuts and campsites, but also occurs in the bristleeone pine and mixed conifer (Clark County 2000). The
species may also utilize pinyon-juniper and sagebrush, which occur within the northern extent of the project
area, but presence of the species is unlikely due to lack of preferred habitat.

Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly

The Mount Charleston blue butterfly {Icaricia sliasta charlestonensis) is a federal SOC with seventeen
documented occurrences in the Spring Mountains (NatureServe 2001). This endemic butterfly inhabits
primarily bristleeone pine habitat, but has been known to occur in mixed conifer between 6,000 and 8,000 ft
above msl. Known nectar plants include Lemmon’s rubberweed {Hyrnenoxys lemmonii), Asters {Aster sp.),
and buckwheat {Eriogonum sp.) (Clark County 2000). This species is unlikely to occur within the project area
due to lack of preferred habitat and due to elevational requirements (Clark County 2000).

Carole’s Silverspot Butterfly

Carole’s silverspot butterfly {Speyeria zerene carolae) is a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada sensitive status
species. This endemic species is widely distributed throughout the central portion of the Spring Mountains at
elevations of 5,000 to 10,500 ft above msl (NatureServe 2001 ). The species prefers bristleeone pine habitat.

PBS^

December 2001

Biological Siirx’ey Report
4-18

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4.0 Re.snlts and Discn.ssion

hut is known to occur in mixed conifer, pinyon-juniper, and sagebrush. Known nectar species include bee’s
(lower (Ciri.siiiin arizonicuni). Western wallllower {Erysimum asperum), and rough angelica (Angelica
scahrida) (Clark County 2()()()). Habitat for this species occurs within tlie northern extent of the study area at
higher elevations on Potosi Mountain, but its pre.sence in the project area is unlikely due to lack of preferred
habitat.

Spring Mountains Spring Snail

The Spring Mountains Spring Snail (Pyrgulopsis deaconi) is a federal SOC and a BLM Nevada sensitive
status species. Distribution of the species occurs in Clark County in Willow and Red Springs, in Red Rock
Canyon NCA, Kiup Spring in the Spring Mountains NRA, and in Pahruinp Springs on private land in Nye
County (NatureServe 2001 ). The species is believed to be extirpated from Willow, Red, and Pahrump Springs
(Clark County 2()()()). Habitat for this species does not occur in the study area.

Charleston Ant

The Charleston ant {Lasius nevadensis) is a federal SOC that is known only to occur in open coniferous forest
in Kyle Canyon, located in the Spring Mountain Range, Clark County, Nevada. Habitat for this species does
not occur in the study area (NatureServe 2001 ).

4.4 Game Animals
Desert Bighorn Sheep

Desert bighorn sheep are typically divided into four subspecies: Ovis canadensis (O.c.) weemsi, O. c.
cremnohates, O. c. mexicana, and O. c. nelsoni. The Table Mountain project area is part of the winter range
for desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) and is an important year-round lambing area in the south Spring
Mountain Range (Cummings 2001).

Bighorn sheep are a sociable species, and some, but not all, members of each sheep band migrate between
seasonal ranges (Monson and Sumner 1980). They typically utilize broad upland habitats in the summer and
concentrate in sheltered valleys during the winter. Bighorn sheep are known to inhabit rugged terrain in
elevations between 5,000 and 7,000 ft above msl, venturing to lower elevations for food and water when
necessary.

Rough topography is an important feature of bighorn habitat. Bighorn sheep have cloven front hooves 50%
larger than their hind ft and are adapted to climbing steep surfaces. The heavy musculature of the front
shoulders make bighorn sheep more suited for climbing than for outbursts of speed to escape danger
(McQuivey 1978). In order to increase the chance of avoiding predation, selection of forage and water sources
by bighorn sheep is influenced by this physical characteristic. Potential predators of lambs include coyotes
(Canis latrans), bobcats (Felis rufus), mountain lions (Felis concolor), and golden eagles (Aquila cluysaetos).
Habitat throughout the Table Mountain project area is conducive to bighorn sheep survival, as it is rugged and
rocky and is bisected by ephemeral washes and canyons.

Desert bighorn rutting season may occur almost any time of year; however, the peak period of the rut includes
the latter part of July and extends through much of September. Lambing in the southwest can occur at any
month, but the majority of lambs are born in late winter and early spring (Monson and Sumner 1981). The
gestation period for bighorn sheep is approximately 1 80 days. Gravid ewes become solitary and .seek remote
areas with precipitous terrain prior to parturition. Desert bighorn sheep require steep rugged areas for lambing
and escape terrain (Perrier and Bradley 1970; Douglas and Kingsley 1981). Traditional lambing areas, such as
the Table Mountain project area, are utilized by bighorn sheep because of key features including isolation,
shelter, and expansive, unobstructed views.

PBS|

December 2001

Biological Siin’ey Report
4-19

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Table Mountain Wind Generating Faeility

4.0 Results and Discussion

On tlie Desert National Wildlife Range, a wildlife refuge located 27 mi north of Las Vegas, Nevada, lambs
are usually born in the roughest terrain (Monson and Sumner 1981). Such terrain generally has caves or
overhanging rocks that offer lambs protection from predators and weather, although ewes do not always seek
out rough areas and may have their lambs on open desert slopes (Simmons 1969). Ewes may remain isolated
from the herd and restrict movement for a period of 1-2 weeks after birthing.

Bighorn sheep tend to spend the hottest part of the day relatively inactive, bedding down in the shade or in a
cave. Nighttime foraging during the hottest period of the year has been observed in the past and may be a
behavior to conserve water. Desert bighorn ewes typically have a daily movement radius of up to one mile
depending upon the availability of surface water. Rams tend to be less restricted by range and move about
more freely. Seasonally, desert bighorns may move a distance of 30-50 mi for more preferable water and
foraging conditions.

Water availability is a major limiting factor for size and distribution of bighorn herds in the desert (Monson
and Summer 1981; Welles and Welles 1961). Surface water utilization by bighorn sheep is dependent on
several factors including environmental heat load and complementary water available through vegetation.
Surface water use by bighorn sheep increases seasonally due to: (1) greater amount of evaporative loss as
temperatures rise and (2) greater amount of water required by lactating ewes. Moisture content in food
resources also affects the requirement for obligatory surface water resources.

All of the drainages within the project area are ephemeral, flowing only after storm events. Cave Spring is
located north of Wilson Pass in the northern portion of the project study area. A water catchment facility
(guzzler) was constructed by the Nevada Division of Wildlife (NDOW) and volunteers in Deadmans Canyon
on Table Mountain. These are the only two water sources known to occur in the project area. The location of
these water sources is shown in Figure 2.

Desert bighorn forage on a variety of grasses, forbs, and browse. Available food resources within the study
area include needlegrass {Stipa spp.), Hilaria rigida, Indian ricegrass {Achnathenan hymenoides), fluffgrass
(Erioneiiron pulchellum), Monnon teas, winterfat, cliffrose, turpentine broom, hopsage, four-wing saltbush,
shadscale, California buckwheat, desert trumpet, Mojave thistle, and the buds of Mojave yucca, Joshua tree,
banana yucca, and Utah agave. Bighorn sheep diet may reflect seasonal changes in vegetation with an
increase in grass and forb utilization during the spring growing season and after summer rains, and an
increase in the use of browse during the fall and winter.

The desert bighorn sheep is known to inhabit and migrate through the entire project area, and were directly
observed on Shenandoah Peak during the cultural resources survey for the proposed Table Mountain wind
power facility (Roberts 2001 ). Desert bighorn sheep sign, including pellets, urine spots, tracks, and beds, was
observed throughout the project area. High concentrations of sign were noted along ridgelines in the southern
half of the project study area, from Table Mountain south to the project terminus and in the vicinity of Cave
Spring.

Mule Deer

Mule deer {Odocoileus hemkmus) potentially occur in the project area. The Wilson Pass area likely serves as
the southern margin of the traditional deer use area on Potosi Mountain. No mule deer were observed during
the field survey, but the species likely occurs north of Wilson Pass.

Gambel’s Quail

Gambel’s quail (Callipepla gambelii) is a common resident in southern Nevada. It inhabits desert scaib and
thickets, usually near a permanent water source. It was observed along the existing VEA 230-kV transmission
line corridor at the eastern base of Table Mountain. This species may occur in low numbers throughout the
project area.

PBS|

December 2001

Biological Siirx'ey Report
4-20

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Table Mountain Wind Cleneralini^ Facility

4.0 Residts and Di.scu.ssion

Chukar

Chukar (Alcctoris chukar) is an indoduceci gamebird species that inhabits rocky, arid mountainous areas of
the west. Like the Gambel’s quail, this species usually occurs near areas with a permanent water source.
Chukar were observed at Table Mountain, along the access road to Shenandoah Peak, and along the Keystone
Mine road. They are well-established in the Cave Spring.

Mourning Dove

Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) is a common, statewide resident. Habitat for this species includes desert
scrub, open wood, and grassland. Mourning dove was observed in low numbers throughout the project area.

Furbearers

Furbearers are protected under NAC 503.025 (furbearing animals) and NAC 503.102 (factors for
classification of wildlife as furbearing mammals). Nevada furbearers occurring within the project area include
the coyote, kit fox, and bobcat. All three species likely occur throughout the project area and vicinity. Signs of
all three were observed on Table Mountain.

4,5 Wild Horses and Burros

On December 15, 1971, Congress passed the Wild Free Roaming Horses and Burros Act (Public Law 92-195)
to protect, manage, and control wild horses {Eqiiits caballits) and burros (E. asinus) on public lands. The
BLM and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) are charged with administering this law, which specifies how wild
horses and burros are to be managed on the range. Section 3 (a) of the act requires the Secretary of Interior to
manage free-roaming horses and burros in a manner designed to achieve and maintain a thriving natural
ecological balance on public lands. The law also specifies requirements for inventorying, monitoring,
establishing appropriate management levels, relocating excess animals, and establishing criteria for
destruction of animals.

Wild horses and burros found in the American southwest today, were introduced by the Spanish in the early
fifteenth century, and feral populations were established as early as the 1600s (Woodward 1976; Walker and
Ohmart 1978). The exact number of wild horses and burros introduced in this manner is unknown, but feral
populations quickly became well established in the region (Breyen 1971). With few predators and with
protection from humans, wild horse and burro populations on public lands quickly grew until control of the
populations and the effect on their habitat became a major concern.

In response, BLM and USFS developed a strategy that established herd areas and formed herd management
areas (HMA). There are currently 103 throughout Nevada, 9 located within the Las Vegas District. The
northern one-third of the proposed action area is within the Red Rock HMA, which occurs north of the Sandy
Valley Road. The Red Rock HMA currently has approximately 75 horses and 75 burros (McFadden 2001 ).
Use by wild horses and burros in the southern portion of their HMA has been limited to spring, fall, and
winter when physiological water requirements are lower. The burro population extends further south of the
HMA boundary to Sandy Valley Road.

December 2001

Biological Sun’ey Report
4-21

PBs;

• H

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

An enviroiinieiital conscc|uence or impact is defined as a modification of the existing environment brought
about by development activities. Impacts can be beneficial or adverse, can be a primary result of the action
(direct), or a secondary result (indirect), and can be permanent or long-lasting (long-term) or temporary and of
short duration (short-term). Impacts can vary in degree from only slightly discernible to a total change in the
environment.

Short-term impacts are effects on the environment that occur during and immediately after construction
commencement and final testing. For this project, short-term impacts are defined as lasting 5 years or less.
Long-term impacts are changes made in the environment during constaiction and operation of the project that
remain for the life of the project or after final reclamation has been completed.

For purposes of this report, impacts on biological resources due to project implementation may include one or
more of the following:

• Loss of individual plants and wildlife

• Loss of habitat for plants and wildlife

• Introduction of noxious weeds into a previously uninfested area

• Decline in raptor or migratory bird populations

• Interference with the movement of resident or migratory avian or wildlife species

• Abandonment of the project area by bighorn sheep during construction.

5.1 Impacts on Vegetation

Direct impacts on vegetation would include temporary losses during the construction phase and permanent
habitat loss associated with the operation and maintenance of the proposed facility. The temporary losses to
the existing vegetation would occur during the construction of the WTGs, underground collection lines, new
access roads and improvements to existing roads. Permanent impacts would result from loss of vegetation at
the WTG locations, substation, and from the conversion of undeveloped land into access roads. Most
vegetation in the direct footprint of the facilities would be permanently removed.

Temporary Disturbance from Construction Activities. The construction activities associated with the
proposed project would result in the temporary disturbance of blackbrush scrub, creosote bush scrub, pinyon-
juniper woodlands, and Mojave wash scrub vegetation communities. Estimates for project impacts on these
communities are provided in Table 9. For this analysis, it is assumed that a 200-ft corridor would be disturbed
along the length of each WTG string, which would include the WTGs and transformers, meteorological
towers, service roads, underground collection lines, and underground communication cables. Access roads
would disturb a maximum 60-ft width in Hat to moderate terrain. Access roads constructed in steep terrain,
such as the approach to Shenandoah Peak, would require a lOO-ft-wide temporary construction ROW.
Overhead distribution lines would require a lOO-ft-wide temporary ROW during construction. The greatest
amount of temporary disturbance would be 553.7 ac to the blackbrush scrub community. The least impacted
vegetational community would be Mojave wash scrub at 3.7 ac.

Impacts on vegetation along electric distribution lines and staging areas would be temporary, allowing
vegetation to regenerate following construction.

FBS^

December 2001

Biological Sun’ey Report
5-1

Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility

5.0 Environmental Con.seqnence.s

Table 9. Temporary Impacts on Existing Vegetation within the Proposed Project Area.

Facility Type

Area of Impact by Vegetation Community

Blackbrush

Scrub

(ac)

Creosote Bush
Scrub
(ac)

Pinyon-Juniper

Woodland

(ac)

Mojave Wash
Scrub
(ac)

Wind turbine generator corridor

392.7

0

18.3

0

Wind turbine generator^

(2.5)

0

(0.19)

0

Meteorological tower^

(0.0014)

0

(0.0001)

0

Underground distribution line

24

0

(11.5)

0

Service road^

(64.5)

0

(24.6)

0

Access road

48.5

18.1

0

1.4

Overhead distribution line

78.5

89.2

0

2.3

Laydown areas and batch plant

10

5

0

0

Substation

0

10

0

0

Total

553.7

122.3

18.3

3.7

a. All acreages in parentheses (#) are accounted for within the WTG corridor acreage total.

Long-Term Disturbance from Construction Activities. The project would have long-term impacts on
native vegetation in the project area. Vegetation would be cleared for construction of the WTGs, underground
and above ground distribution lines, substation, and access and service roads. Table 10 provides acreages of
permanent impacts on vegetation associated with implementation of the Proposed Action.

Most vegetation in the footprint of the facilities and upgraded and new access roads would be permanently
removed. Additional impacts on vegetation communities would include soil compaction, loss of topsoil, and
removal or reduction in seed bank.

Indirect impacts on vegetation at and adjacent to the proposed WGF and ancillary facilities include increased
human presence that could lead to unauthorized off-road vehicle use, increased recreational use, potential
illegal dumping, and illegal collection of plants.

Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Plant Species. No federally listed as threatened or
endangered plant species are known to occur in the project area. Construction and operation of the proposed
WGF and ancillary facilities would have no impact on federally listed endangered or threatened plant species.

The proposed project would result in impacts on two federal plant SOCs observed within the proposed Wilson
Pass laydown area in Section 16 of Township 24 South, Range 58 East. Approximately 1 . 1 ac of rosy twotone
beardtongue and yellow twotone beardtongue habitat would be impacted during the use of the Wilson Pass
laydown area. This may include loss of individual plants due to equipment movement, which could crush or
move individual plants, displacement of seed banks, loss of essential habitat features, and permanent loss of
habitat. Approximately 45 individual plants were observed within the washes throughout the proposed
laydown area. Mitigation for impacts on these two species would be required.

The project would also disturb a large number of cacti and yuccas. Nevada State Law (NRS 527.060-. 120)
protects any species in the Cactaceae family and members of the genus Yucca and Agave. The entire project
area supports a large and diverse cactus and yucca population. Because ground disturbance poses a potential
for impacts on these species, mitigation measures would be necessary.

PBS^

December 200 J

Biological Survey Report
5-2

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5.0 Environmental Consequences

Table 10. Permanent Impacts on Existing Vegetation within the Proposed Project Area.

Facility Type

Area of Impact (ac) by Plant Community

Blackbrush

Scrub

(ac)

Creosote Bush
Scrub
(ac)

Pinyon-Juniper

Woodland

(ac)

Mojave Wash
Scrub
(ac)

Wind turbine generator corridor

137.5

0

6.5

0

Wind turbine generator^

(2.5)

0

(0.19)

0

Meteorological tower^

(0.0014)

0

(0.0001)

0

Underground distribution line

9.6

0

(4.6)

0

Service road®

(43)

0

(16.4)

0

Access road

23.8

9

0

0.9

Overhead distribution line

47.1

53.2

0

1.4

Laydown areas and batch plant

4

2

0

0

Substation

0

10

0

0

Total

222.0

74.2

6.5

2.3

a. All acreages in parentheses (#) are accounted for within the WTG corridor acreage total.

Noxious Weeds. Land that has been graded and cleared is vulnerable to noxious weed invasion. Seeds can
then be easily introduced into these areas via construction vehicles that have been in other areas where
noxious weeds are present. Seeds or plant material may become lodged between tire treads, in the coils of a
winch, behind the license plate, or in cracks and crevices on the undercarriage of the vehicle. Residual
impacts may occur after project construction and implementation of the vegetation reclamation plan through
natural processes and by increased human access and use of the area. The construction and operation activities
associated with this project could introduce noxious weeds into the vegetation communities in the project
area. Other adverse impacts from the spread of noxious weeds include:

• Decrease in biological diversity of native ecosystems

• Reduction in water quality and availability for native wildlife species

• Decrease in the quality of habitats for native wildlife

• Alterations in habitats utilized by threatened and endangered species

• Increase direct and indirect competition with native species

• Health hazards, as some species are poisonous to humans, wildlife, and livestock.

5.2 Impacts on Wildlife

This section evaluates potential impacts on wildlife species that are known or likely to occur in the project
area. The primary direct adverse impact of construction activities on wildlife would be the removal or
disturbance of wildlife habitat. Construction activities associated with the project would cause a temporary
and permanent disturbance to wildlife in the area. The temporary loss of wildlife habitat is estimated to be
approximately 754 ac with a permanent disturbance of 325 ac. Clearing and grading activities would result in
the direct destruction of some forms of wildlife that are not mobile enough to avoid construction operations.

PBS^

December 2001

Biological Survey Report
5-3

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ruble Mountain Wind Clenenitin}> Facility

5.0 Fnvironniental Consecjnence.';

riiese impacts would be limited primarily to reptilian species, burrowing mammals, and possibly some age
classes of birds.

Larger, more mobile species of w ildlife might avoid the initial clearing activity and move into adjacent areas.
It is assumed that adjacent habitats are at their carrying capacity for the species that live there. Competition
for resources would occur where new individuals are forced into adjacent habitats, potentially resulting in
decreased birth rates or increased mortality rates such that populations are reduced to that which the habitat
can support (Dempster 1975). An inilux of wildlife into adjacent areas might also cause changes in species
composition and community dynamics.

Impacts on wildlife habitat are closely associated with vegetation impacts. Due to the arid nature of the
project area climate, the vegetation would recover slowly over several years. Reclamation of the disturbed
vegetation would restore the wildlife habitat that was temporarily disturbed during construction.

Most wildlife habitat in the footprint of the facilities and both upgraded and new access roads would be
permanently removed. The improvements to existing roadways and the construction of new access roads
might lead to increased human access to the area and could result in an increase in wildlife disturbance, off-
road vehicle use, and illegal hunting. The improvement and construction of new roadway facilities might
increase the use of the area by feral animals. An increase in feral animal populations would have a negative
impact on resident wildlife populations.

Increased noise and dust levels, nighttime illumination, and human activity during construction would disturb
or disrupt foraging and breeding of resident wildlife species in the project area. These effects would occur
within and adjacent to the perimeter of the construction area and are expected to be temporary in most cases.

Impacts on wildlife along electric distribution lines and staging areas would be temporary. Vegetation would
regenerate following construction and wildlife would eventually return to the area.

The construction and operation of the proposed WGF is not expected to substantially reduce or diminish
habitat for most forms of wildlife in the region. Wildlife habitat impacts due to the long-term operation of the
proposed facility would be substantially less than temporary construction impacts. Estimates for long-term
project impacts on wildlife habitat are provided in Table 10.

5.2.1 Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Wildlife Species

Impacts on Desert Tortoise

As discussed in Section 4.3. 1 , desert tortoise population densities in the project area range from low to very
low. Direct impacts on the desert tortoise resulting from construction activity would include removal of
habitat, loss or displacement of habitat features such as cover and forage, and crushing and/or loss of
individual animals. The Proposed Action would result in the temporary disturbance of approximately 270 ac
of tortoise habitat. Permanent impacts on tortoise habitat would total approximately I lO ac.

Indirect impacts would occur during construction and operation activities associated with the Proposed Action
(Table 1 1 ). Construction activity would result in indirect degradation of habitat due to soil disturbance, habitat
fragmentation, increased levels of noise, traffic, equipment movement, increased human activity. Raptors
might utilize the distribution line structures for perching sites, which might facilitate increased predation of
juvenile tortoises by ravens.

PBS^

December 2001

Biological Survey Report
5-4

Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility

5.0 En\’ironinent(d Consecpiences

Table 11. Potential Disturbance of Desert Tortoise Habitat within the

Table Mountain Wind Generation Facility Project Area.

Project Component

Subtotal of

Permanent Disturbance
(ac)

Wind turbine generator corridor

116

Wind turbine generators^

(2.0)

Meteorological towers^

(0.0014)

Underground utility line^

0.0

Service roads^

(5)

Access roads

30

Overhead electric distribution line

101

Materials laydown

6

Electric substation

10

Total

270

a. Acreage is included in the total acreage for the WTG string.

b. Seventeen of the 21 total mi of underground lines fall within the WTG corridor and impacts are included in corridor.

The proposed project would require formal consultation under Section 7 of the ESA of 1 973, as amended. A
result of that consultation would be a Biological Opinion issued by the USFWS. The Biological Opinion
would specify reasonable and prudent measures and conservation recommendations to minimize impacts on
the desert tortoise. Since the proposed project “might affect” the desert tortoise, remuneration fees would
likely be required for impacts on desert tortoise habitat. In accordance with the Desert Conservation Plan,
mitigation fees of $623 per ac (adjusted to year 2001 ) of disturbance to tortoise habitat on BLM land would
be paid by the project proponent to Clark County. This project would disturb 270 ac of desert tortoise habitat,
for a total of $168,210, if paid in the year 2002.

Impacts on Bats

To date, most research concerning WGFs and wildlife has concentrated on avian mortality. Bats can also be
impacted from WGFs, communications towers, and other utility structures. In 1998 and 1999, 184 bat
fatalities were recorded at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota, where 354 wind turbines are in operation (Anderson et
al. 2000). Bat fatalities at the Minnesota WGF have ranged from 0.26 fatalities/turbine/year to 2.04
fatalities/turbine/year. At VanSycle Ridge, Oregon, 10 bats were found dead in the first year of carcass
searches (Anderson et al. 2000). An interesting trend in bat mortality at WGFs reflects that the majority of bat
mortalities tend to be tree-dwelling bats of the genus Lasiurus (Keeley 1999; Anderson et al. 2000).

Potential impacts on bats from construction and operation of the Proposed Action could range from moderate
to significant. Foraging patterns could be temporarily impacted by nighttime illumination and construction
activity. Numerous caves and mines occur in the project area and are likely to be used by several species of
bats; however, none of the construction or operations and maintenance activities are anticipated to directly
impact any of the caves or mines in the project area that may provide roosting habitat for bats.

Impacts on Banded Gila Monster and Chuckwalla

The banded Gila monster and chuckwalla are two sensitive reptile species that may be impacted from
construction and operation of the proposed WGF. Suitable habitat is present to support both species. Direct
impacts on the banded Gila monster and chuckwalla resulting from construction activity would include

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5.0 Envirotnnentcd Conseqnence.s

removal of habitat, loss or displacement of habitat features such as cover and forage, and crushing and/or loss
of individual animals. Construction and operation of the proposed project is not expected to adversely impact
populations of either species.

Impacts on Threatened and Endangered Aquatic Species

No direct impacts on listed aquatic species would occur from the construction or maintenance of the Proposed
Action.

Impacts on Desert Bighorn Sheep

The Proposed Action would result in habitat reduction and fragmentation both in the short-term and the long-
term. Desert bighorn sheep generally tend to favor their hereditary ranges and the herd(s) that regularly or
seasonally utilize the proposed project area may not be able to migrate to other locations with more preferable
habitat conditions during the project construction phase. Geist (1971) raises concerns that range expansion by
ewes may not occur for several years because bighorn sheep are not very exploratory and do not colonize new
areas rapidly. Habitat fragmentation is a major cause of population reduction and sometimes extinctions
(Wilcox 1980).

Desert bighorn sheep utilize much of the upper elevations of the project area as foraging and lambing habitat.
These areas would be substantially disturbed during construction of the proposed project. During construction
of the project, these animals would be prohibited from utilizing the area for breeding, foraging, lambing,
escape from predation, shelter, and movement to areas with more favorable conditions. In many parts of a
bighorn’s range, lambing areas are limited. Constniction activities would restrict movement and access to this
regionally important lambing area (Cummings 2001 ), and the desert bighorns may be forced into an area that
is likely already at carrying capacity. This impact would be considered significant, and mitigation measures
would be required.

Lambing areas are particularly critical, and permanent human occupancy near key lambing areas would cause
bighorn sheep to move away (Monson and Sumner 1980). Permanent project structures in the center or
periphery of bighorn sheep escape terrain can have disturbing effects, which can impact continued use of the
area as escape cover by bighorn sheep (Monson and Sumner 1 980). Bighorn sheep generally seek escape by
climbing uphill away from danger. Conversely, when surprised from above, they take headlong flight down
steep escarpments and flee until comfortably distanced from the source of perceived danger. This survival
strategy may be affected by the placement of WTGs on the mountain ridges within the project area.

Three surface water sources are known to occur in the project area. Cave Spring and North Cave Spring are
located north of Wilson Pass in the northwest portion of the project study area. A water catchment facility
(guzzler) was constructed by the Nevada Division of Wildlife (NDOW) and volunteers in Deadman’s Canyon
on Table Mountain. Surface water utilization by bighorn sheep is dependent on several factors, including
environmental heat load and complementary water available through vegetation. The removal of, and
prohibition of access to, vegetation in the project area during construction activities might require bighorn
sheep to utilize surface water resources more than they normally would in a given season.

Widening of access roads might cause an increase in recreational use of the area, such as target shooting and
off-road vehicle use. Increased visitation to the area may result in increased wildlife harassment and an
increase in number of wildlife road kills. Disturbance from construction, operation, and maintenance
activities, and increased human visitation to the site would adversely impact desert bighorn sheep.

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Tiihit’ Mountiiin Wind Generating Facility

5.0 Environmental Consequences

Impacts on Avifauna

Over the last decade, avian mortality studies have been conducted at WGFs in the U.S. and abroad. Results of
studies performed in California, Minnesota, and Oregon, suggest that turbine-caused avian mortality would
likely occur due to the operation of the proposed project.

Given the range of avian fatality data among the various WGFs, it is evident that significant raptor mortality
is occurring at those facilities that were sited in areas with high raptor concentrations and a high prey base.
Using the range of avian fatalities cited at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota, and Vansycle Ridge, Oregon (Anderson
et al. 2{)()()), the proposed project could experience bird fatalities ranging from 0.57 to 1.95
fatalities/turbine/year. This range may be overestimated since the proposed project would not be sited near
agricultural land, water, or wetlands, as were the WGFs in Minnesota and Oregon. The birds most likely at
risk would be nocturnal migrants. Since the death of one migratory bird could be considered a violation of the
MBTA, potential impacts on birds would be considered significant and would require mitigation.

Construction and operation of the proposed WGF would have direct and indirect impacts on avian
populations. Direct impacts would include a short- and long-term loss of foraging and nesting habitat; an
increased risk of avian mortality from collisions with WTGs, meteorological tower guy wires, and overhead
distribution lines; and electrocution hazards from the electric substation and overhead distribution lines.

Indirect impacts would include increased human use of the area for operations and maintenance, increased
recreation in the area, and changes in the vegetation communities. Changes in vegetation may indirectly affect
mortality rates and/or avifaunal reproductive success, or changes in prey distribution and abundance. Direct
impacts on avian species are potentially significant and would require some form of mitigation or
minimization.

Impacts on Wild Horse and Burro

The construction of the project is not expected to negatively impact wild horse or burro populations or their
habitat. Access roads will utilize existing roads to the greatest extent possible. Improvements to existing roads
will slightly reduce available habitat in the HMA. Within the HMA, most project facilities are located along
steep ridgelines, which provide little habitat for burros and no habitat for horses. Habitats disturbed on Table
Mountain are outside the HMA and are not utilized by wild horses and burros. A BLM-approved restoration
plan will be incorporated into the project to restore all temporary use areas. Speed restrictions on access and
service roads, in addition to warning signs, will reduce the potential for vehicular collisions with animals.

Increased human presence and construction noise may cause wild horses and burros to temporarily avoid the
project area; however, the HMA herd does not heavily use this area due to the lack of reliable surface water.
The only available natural water sources. Cave Spring and North Cave Spring, are located over 1 ,500 ft away
from the proposed project facilities in the Wilson Pass area. The project is not expected to affect the limited
water resources available to horses or burros. Burros are known to utilize Cave Spring, but there is no
evidence they use the guzzler in Deadman’s Canyon. Wild horses are not known to utilize any of the water
sources in the project area.

While some researchers maintain that there significant habitat overlap exists and therefore, competition, it has
been sufficiently demonstrated that bighorn sheep prefer higher elevations and steep rugged slopes (slopes of
35% or greater), whereas wild horses and burros range predominantly on gentler slopes, open spaces, washes,
and at slightly lower elevations (Dunn 1984; Leslie and Douglas 1979). The major source of food for the wild
horse and burro tends to be forbs. The opposite appears to be the case for the bighorn, having a preference for
grasses and shrubs over forbs (Breyen 1971; Ginnett 1982; McMichael 1964).

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5.0 Environmental Con.seqiience.s

Operation of the proposed project is not expected to alter use of the HMA by the wild horses or burro
populations. The project is not expected to affect the limited water resources available to horse or burros.
Given the known range of the wild horse and burro populations of the Spring Mountains, and the terrain,
habitats, and available water sources within the project area, it is unlikely that construction, maintenance, or
operation of the project would contribute to habitat and resource competition between bighorn sheep and wild
horses and burros.

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6.0 RECOMMENDED MINIMIZATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Mitigation measures, approved by federal and state agencies, would be incorporated into the proposed project
to minimize direct and indirect impacts on acceptable levels or to prevent these impacts altogether. To reduce
potential physical effects on species within the proposed project area, a mitigation plan for construction
activities would be implemented, upon USFWS approval, before proceeding with earthmoving and
construction activities. Implementation of these measures would reduce the potential to adversely affect the
environment.

6.1 Minimization Measures for Impacts on Sensitive Plant Species

To minimize potential effects on species within the project area, a mitigation plan for construction activities
should be implemented before proceeding with earthmoving and construction activities. All areas to be
disturbed by project activities should have boundaries flagged before beginning the activity, and all
disturbances should be confined to flagged areas. Vehicular access to the site should be restricted to
designated roads to avoid unnecessary damage to sensitive native plant species.

Project facilities should be located to avoid and/or minimize impacts in areas of high value such as sensitive
plant habitats, where feasible. Minimal vegetation removal should be employed during all construction
activities. Brush and rock should be used for revegetation (vertical mulch), and rocks should be used as
natural barriers on restored areas or other sites to control access.

6.1.1 Sensitive Plant Species

Portions of the project area not previously surveyed for sensitive plants in 2001 should be surveyed in the
spring season, prior to beginning construction activities. It is also recommended that prior to construction, the
top 6 in of topsoil be removed to preserve the seed bank and staged during construction activities. After
construction commences, the preserved topsoil should be placed over denuded areas and may be
supplemented by hydroseeding with an approved native seed mixture. Vehicular access should be restricted to
designated roads to allow for regrowth. The revegetated areas should be monitored annually for reclamation
success.

Two of the special status plant species were observed during field investigations. The Rosy twotone
beardtongue and the Yellow twotone beardtongue were identified along washes in Section 16, Township 24
South and Range 58 East. Preconstruction surveys for the beardtongue would be conducted during the spring,
and individual plants would be marked. Large areas where beardtongue is found would be flagged for
possible avoidance and would not be disturbed without prior approval by the BLM. Seed collection might be
required to reseed the area following construction. In addition, vehicular access to the site would be restricted
to designated access roads only.

If any other special status plant species are found during construction, proper BLM protocol would be
followed regarding relocation of individual plants or recovery and stockpiling of the seeds for future
propagation.

Native cacti and yucca plants are protected and regulated by the state of Nevada (NRS 527.060-. 120 and
NAC 527). The avoidance of as many cacti, agaves, yuccas, and Christmas (evergreen) trees as possible is
preferred. However, because of the high densities of these species in the project area, avoidance of all
individuals will not be possible. In these cases, individuals, excluding mature Christmas (evergreen) trees,
should be translocated to adjacent areas prior to ground disturbance. These plants would be used as part of the
reclamation plan to revegetate the area. A monitoring program should be established to evaluate the success
of the translocations.

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6.0 Recommended Minimization and Mitigation Measures

Areas that might be suitable as transloeation sites inelude the burned areas on Table Mountain. These areas
are reeovering from a reeent fire; however, because of the slow growth of Joshua trees and some cactus
species, it may take decades before these species can fully reestablish themselves in the area. Hence,
translocating Joshua trees and cacti into the burned areas may hasten the recovery process. Because deeper
soils occur in the burned areas, these areas might not be suitable for all cactus species.

Species preferring shallow, rocky soils might not transplant well and include cottontop cactus, hedgehog
cactus, Mojave mound cactus, beehive cactus, Mojave barrel cactus, little fishhook cactus, and Mojave
prickly pear. However, recovery attempts should be made for all protected species. Mature Christmas
(evergreen) trees that cannot be avoided should be felled and left in the area to provide cover for wildlife.

A permit is required for removal and/or possession of state-protected plants for commercial salvaging on
BLM land. Because the plants are widely dispersed in the area surveyed, the number of cacti and yucca plants
that could be disturbed by facility construction is relatively high. Suitable native cacti and yucca plants found
on BLM lands would be salvaged in compliance with a permit from the BLM. Transport of native cacti or
yucca plants off-Reservation requires a Nevada Division of Forestry permit for commercial salvaging and
transportation.

6.1.2 Noxious Weeds

The chances of spreading noxious weeds would be greatly reduced by implementation of the following
mitigation measures:

• All personnel entering the project construction site would be advised that their activities must be confined
to locations within flagged or fenced areas. Cross-country travel and travel outside construction zones
would be prohibited.

• The undercarriages of vehicles that were to be used during construction would be washed prior to
entering the project area at designated wash stations. Wash station locations would be selected to reduce
the potential for infestations from vehicular traffic during construction. While washing the construction
vehicles, focus would be on the tires, axles, bumpers and undercarriage.

• If straw bales were to be used in the project area as a stormwater pollution prevention measure, they
should be certified weed free.

• Upon commencement of construction activities, the denuded areas should be reseeded with a BLM
approved seed mixture. The revegetated areas should be monitored according to BLM standards for
reclamation success and for potential noxious weed encroachment.

6.2 Minimization Measures for Impacts on Sensitive Wildlife Species

To minimize potential effects on species within the project area, a mitigation plan for construction activities
should be implemented before proceeding with earthmoving and construction activities. All areas to be
disturbed by project activities should have boundaries flagged before beginning the activity, and all
disturbances should be confined to flagged areas. Vehicular access to the site should be restricted to
designated roads to avoid unnecessary damage to wildlife species or their habitat. Where feasible, project
facilities should be located to avoid and/or minimize impacts in areas of high value such as sensitive wildlife
habitats. Minimal vegetation removal should be employed during all construction activities. Brush and rock
should be used for revegetation (vertical mulch), and rocks should be used as natural barriers on restored
areas or other sites to control access.

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Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility

6.0 Recommended Mininnzation and Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures reeommenciecl for the proposed project are based on those found in MSHCP and in
existing Biological Opinions rendered by USFWS on other projects affecting the desert tortoise. The
diseussion below outlines specific mitigation measures for desert tortoise, desert bighorn sheep, avifauna,
bats, banded Gila monster, and chuckwalla.

6.2.1 Desert Tortoise

Mitigation measures for the desert tortoise would include the following elements:

• Desert tortoise protection education

• Flagging construction boundaries

Tortoise removal
Speed limits and signage
Trash and litter control
Spill handling procedures
Construction monitoring

• Habitat compensation

• Reporting requirements.

Desert Tortoise Protection Education

A desert tortoise education program would be presented to all personnel on-site during construction and
operation. This program would contain information concerning the biology and distribution of the desert
tortoise, its legal status and occurrence in the proposed project area, the definition of “take” and associated
penalties, measures designed to minimize the effects of constniction activities, the means by which employees
can help facilitate this process, and reporting procedures to be implemented when desert tortoises are
encountered.

Flagging Construction Boundaries

All areas to be disturbed would have boundaries flagged before beginning the activity, and all disturbances
would be confined to the flagged areas. All project personnel would be instructed that their activities must be
confined to locations within the flagged areas. Disturbance beyond the actual construction zone would be
prohibited.

Tortoise Removal

Before surface-disturbing activities, a qualified biologist would conduct a clearance survey of tortoise habitat
to be disturbed to locate and remove tortoises using USFWS-approved techniques. Two complete passes of
100% coverage would be accomplished. All desert tortoise burrows, and other species’ burrows that may be
used by tortoises, would be examined to determine occupancy by desert tortoises.

All burrows found within areas proposed for disturbance, whether occupied or vacant, would be excavated by
a qualified biologist and collapsed or blocked to prevent desert tortoise reentry. All burrows would be
excavated with hand tools to allow for safe removal of tortoises or tortoise eggs. All tortoise handling and

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6.0 Reconiinended Minimization and Mitigation Measures

biiiTovv excavations, inchicling nests, would he conducted by a qualified biologist in accordance with USFWS-
approved protocol (Desert Tortoise Council 1994, revised 1999). Desert tortoises and tortoise eggs found in
the project area would he relocated I ,()()() ft from the project area boundary in adjacent, undisturbed habitat.

Speed Limits and Signage

Vehicles should not exceed 25 mph on access roads during periods of highest tortoise activity (March I
through November I ). Speed limit signage would be installed along access and service roads. Caution signs
indicating the presence of desert tortoise would be posted along access roads and service roads. Qualified
onsite biologists would monitor speed limit compliance during construction.

Trash and Litter Control

Trash and food items would be disposed of promptly in predator-proof containers with re-sealing lids. Trash
containers would be emptied daily, and waste would be removed and disposed of in an approved off-site
landfill. Trash removal would reduce the attractiveness of the area to opportunistic predators such as desert kit
fox, coyotes, and common ravens. Construction waste, including, but not limited to, broken parts, wrapping
material, cords, cables, wire, rope, strapping, twine, buckets, metal or plastic containers, boxes, and welding
rods would be removed from the site daily and disposed of properly.

Spill Handling Procedures

All fuel, transmission or brake tluid leaks, or other hazardous waste leaks, spills, or releases would be
reported immediately to a designated environmental supervisor. The environmental supervisor would be
responsible for enforcing and implementing the project spill prevention and containment plan, which would
include spill material removal and disposal to an approved off-site landfill, and possibly notifying the
appropriate federal agency.

Construction Methods

The following construction methods would be implemented:

• Cross-country travel and travel outside construction zones would be prohibited.

• Open trenches or holes that pose a tortoise entrapment and injury risk would be covered and/or escape
ramps would be located not less than every 1,000 ft.

• Stockpiled pipes that could attract tortoises would be capped or checked by a biological monitor before
use.

Construction Monitoring

During construction activities, qualified on-site biologists would monitor for tortoises and move them if
necessary; provide instruction as needed; and monitor and report on compliance. If approved tortoise fencing
were installed along the perimeter of the proposed facilities, the number of onsite biologists needed would be
reduced or eliminated.

Habitat Compensation

In accordance with the USFWS Biological Opinion (pending), remuneration fees of $623 per ac (adjusted to
year 200 1 ) would be paid to compensate for impacts on tortoise habitat on public lands. The Proposed Action
would disturb approximately 270 ac, for a total of $162,810, if paid in the year 2001. This fee is indexed
annually for inflation, and would be adjusted for the year the ROW grant is approved.

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6.0 Reconinieiuled Miidndzxition and Milif>ation Measure.'!

Reporting Requirements

The on-site biologist would reeord eaeh t)bservation of desert tortoise handled. Information would include the
follow ing: location, date and time of observation, whether tortoise was handled, general health and whether it
voided its bladder, location tortoise moved from and location moved to, and unique physical characteristics of
each tortoise. Reports documenting effectiveness and compliance with the tortoise protection measures would
be prepared every 6 months. A final report would be reviewed and approved by the BLM and then submitted
to USFWS within 90 days of construction completion.

6.2.2 Desert Bighorn Sheep

Implementation of the proposed project would pose a significant impact on the desert bighorn sheep during
construction. Coordination with the NDOW is ongoing with regard to potential mitigation measures. TMWC
is committed to minimizing and mitigating impacts on this important species through the use of state-of-the-
art facility design, construction, and O&M strategies. TMWC proposes to provide funds to support a variety
of construction and postconstruction studies that will be prioritized and implemented at the discretion of
NDOW.

6.2.3 Avifauna

In compliance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA) (Executive Order 13186) and the Bald
(and Golden) Eagle Protection Act of 1940 (BEPA), a preconstruction survey should be conducted by
qualified biologists for migratory birds during the nesting season. According to the USFWS, the nesting
season for migratory birds in this area is from March to September. Maximum effort should be made to
schedule land-clearing activities outside of the breeding season. If construction must occur within the
breeding season, a qualified biologist should survey the area of Project Action for active nests. If nests are
located, the USFWS should be contacted.

Mitigation measures might be used to prevent birds from nesting in the area prior to land clearing. These pre-
emptive measures might include activities such as collapsing burrows prior to burrowing owl nesting season,
sounding air horns, or other nonthreatening hazing methods. In order to be in compliance with the MBTA, if
active nests were located, the USFWS would be contacted and the nests would be avoided entirely until the
chicks Hedge. Residential and migratory birds with potential to occur in the project area are listed in
Attachment F.

Mitigation measures could include the following:

• Use of tubular WTG towers to reduce perching sites

• Burying electrical collection lines to reduce perching sites

• Use of state-of-the-art fixed-speed turbines that revolve at lower speeds than the variable-speed turbines

• Locating facilities away from known avian concentration areas

• Design distribution line structures with antiperching devices

• Conduct postconstruction avian studies to monitor avian risk and mortality for a period of I or 2 years.

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6.0 Recoininended Minimization and Mitigation Measures

6.2.4 Bats

Project facilities should be constructed to minimize impacts, such as collision and electrocution to bat species.
Much of the electrical distribution line would be buried beneath the ground surface, minimizing collision
potential.

Project facilities should be constructed to minimize disturbance to existing mines and caves that may serve as
roosts. Because the.se species are sensitive to the presence of humans, areas known to be inhabited by bats
should be avoided, particularly in or around maternity roosts. If identified as roosts, cave and abandoned mine
entrances could be fitted with bat gates that will prevent human access, but allow bats to pass through freely.
Additionally, fences could be built around the entrances according to Nevada Department of Mines standards.

Nightlighting of the WGF and ancillary facilities should be kept to a minimum public safety level to avoid
attracting insects and bats to the WTGs.

Surveys for bat mortalities, in conjunction with postconstaiction avian studies, should be performed.
Postconstruction efforts might also involve acoustic surveys, biannual Byway surveys, and monitoring of bat
risk and mortality associated with operations and maintenance.

6.2.5 Other Wildlife

The banded Gila monster is a sensitive reptile species that might be impacted during construction and
operations and maintenance of the proposed project. All banded Gila monsters or chuckwallas, observed in
the project area, would be reported immediately to NDOW. Live banded Gila monsters w'ould be held for
NDOW inspection and possible pit tagging. Once tagged, the reptiles would be relocated away from
construction activity into nearby suitable habitat. In order to safely relocate this species, they would be
captured and detained in a cool, shaded environment by the on-site biologist. Should there be an encounter
when NDOW is unavailable to respond, an overhead photograph would be taken of the lizard and also the
head. The Gila monster would then be translocated out of harm’s way. Proper documentation including legal
description of the capture and release sites would be included. Gila monster carcasses would be preserved, by
freezing, for NDOW. Off-road vehicle travel would be restricted and construction employees would be
provided education about these species by the biologist of the project.

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7.0 REFERENCES AND LITERATURE CITED

Anderson, R. L., D. Strickland, J. Tom, N. Neumann, W. Erickson, and M. Bourassa. 2000. Avian monitoring
and risk assessment at Tehaehapi Pass and San Gorgonio Pass wind resource areas, California: Phase I
preliminary results. Proceedings from the National Avian-Wind Power Planning Meeting III, San
Diego, California.

Berry, K. FT, and L. L. Nicholson. 1984. The distribution and density of desert tortoise populations in
California in the 1 970s. In The status of the Desert Tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii) in the United States,
edited by K. Fi. Berry, pp. 26-60. Desert Tortoise Council Report to the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service.

Bradley, Glen W., and James E. Deacon. 1965. The biotic communities of southern Nevada. Preprint No. 9,
Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada.

Breyen, Leo J. 1971. Desert bighorn habitat evaluation in the Eldorado Mountains of southern Nevada.
Master’s thesis. University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Brown, P. 1996. Presentation at the natural history and management of bats in California and Nevada
conference. The Wildlife Society Western Section, 13-15 November. Sacramento, California.

Burroughs, M. 2001a. Personal communication between M. Burroughs (Wildlife Biologist), U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Las Vegas, Nevada, and K. Shook PBS&J, regarding tortoise habitat and surveys in
the Table Mountain Wind Power project area. 4 May.

Burroughs, M. 2001b. Personal communication between M. Burroughs, (Wildlife Biologist), U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Las Vegas, Nevada, and K. Shook, PBS&J, providing sensitive species list for the
Table Mountain Wind Power project area. 14 March.

Burt, W. H., and R. P. Grossheider. 1976. A field guide to the mammals of north america north of mexico.
Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton-MiffJin Company. 294 pp.

CalFlora Database. 2001 . CalFlora Database Project is a collaborative project of the USDA Forest Service,
the University of California at Berkeley Digital Library Project, the U.S. Geological Survey, the
University of California at Davis Information Center for the Environment, the Santa Barbara Botanic
Garden, and others. Available on the internet: http://www.calfIora.org. Accessed on 3 December.

Clark County. 2000. Clark County multiple species habitat conservation plan (MSFJCP). Clark County
Comprehensive Planning Department. June.

Cummings, P. 2001. Personal communication between P. Cummings (Game Warden), Nevada Division of
Wildlife (NDOW), and A. Wharton (Lands Specialist), the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Las
Vegas Field Office, Nevada.

Davis, W. B. 1978. The mammals of Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Bulletin 41. Austin,
Texas. 294 pp.

Dempster, J. P. 1975. Animal population ecology. London, England: Academic Press. 155 pp.

Denser, C. 2000. Personal communication between C. Denser (Weed Specialist), National Park Service, Las
Vegas, Nevada, and K. Shook, PBS&J. 6 July.

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7.0 References and Literature Cited

Desert Tortoise Couneil. 1994 (revised 1999). Guidelines for handling desert tortoises during construction
projects, edited by Kdvvard LaRue, Jr. Wrightwood, California.

Douglas, C. L., and K. .1. Kingsley. 1981. Bighorn habitat evaluation and management guidelines for the
Grapevine Mountains, Death Valley National Monument. Cooperative National Parks Resources
Studies Unit, Las Vegas, Nevada. Contribution No. 23, 29 pp.

Dunn, William C. 1984. Ecological relationships between desert bighorn and feral burros in Death Valley
Monument, California. Master’s thesis. University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Eremico. 200 1 . Botanical Survey Report, M&N Table Mountain Wind Power Plant, Spring Mountains, Clark
County, Nevada. 5 June.

Perrier, G. J., and W. G. Bradley. 1970. Bighorn habitat evaluation in the Highland Range of southern
Nevada. Desert Bighorn Council Transcript, pp. 66-93.

Geist, V. 1971. Mountain sheep: a study in behavior and evolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
Illinois, 383 pp.

Ginnett, T. F. 1982. Comparative feeding ecology of feral burros and desert bighorn sheep in Death Valley
National Monument. Cooperative National Parks Resources Studies Unit, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Contribution No. 26, 86 pp.

Great Basin Bird Observatory. 2001. Personal communication between Kevin Mack (Data Analyst), the Great
Basin Bird Observatory, and K. Shook, PBS&J, regarding bird species with potential to occur in the
Table Mountain project study area. 27 April.

Heindl, A. L. 2001. Values to wildlife of forty-one abandoned/orphaned mines in the southeastern Spring
Mountains and southwestern Bird Spring Range, near Goodsprings, Clark County, Nevada. Report
submitted to the Nevada Mining Association and Bureau of Land Management, Las Vegas Field
Office, Nevada.

Hobbs, B. 2001. Personal communication between Brian Hobbs (Reptile Specialist), Nevada Division of
Wildlife (NDOW), and PBS&J regarding sensitive reptiles known to occur in the Table Mountain
Wind Power Project study area. 13 April.

Holland, R. F. 1 986. Preliminary descriptions of the terrestrial natural communities of California. California
Department of Fish and Game.

Karl, A. 1980. Distribution and relative densities of the desert tortoise in Nevada. Proceedings of the
5th annual meeting of Desert Tortoise Council, pp. 75-87.

Keeley, B. W. 1999. Bat interactions with utility structures. Paper presented at the Avian Interactions with
Utility Structures Conference, Charleston, South Carolina, December.

Kunz, T. H., and R. A. Marlin. 1990. Plecotus townsendii. Mammalian Species. The American Society of
Mammalogists, No. 17, pp. 1-6.

Larson, P. P. 1977. The Sierra Club naturalist’s guide to the deserts of the southwest. San Francisco,
California: Sierra Club Books. 286 pp.

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7.0 Referenees and Literature Cited

Leslie, Jr., D. M., and C. L. Douglas. 1979. Desert bighorn sheep of the River Mountains, Nevada. Wildlife
Monograph, No. 66, 56 pp.

Marrs-Sniith, G. 2001 . Personal coniniunieation between Gayle Marrs-Sniith (Vegetation Specialist), the U.S.
Bureau of Land Management Las Vegas Field Office, Nevada, and K. Shook, PBS&J, regarding the
sensitive plant species. White Bearpoppy (Arctomecon merriamii). March.

McFadden. 2001.

McMichael, T. J. 1964. Relationships between feral burros and bighorn in the Black Mountains of Mohave
County. Desert Bighorn Council Transcript 8:29-36.

McQuivey, R. P. 1978. The desert bighorn sheep of Nevada. Nevada Department of Fish and Game
Biological Bulletin No. 6, 81 pp.

Miskow, E. 2001. Personal communication between E. Miskow (Biologist IIFData Manager), Nevada
Natural Heritage Program, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Carson City, Nevada,
and K. Shook, PBS&J, providing sensitive species list for the Table Mountain Wind Power project
area. 6 March.

Monson, G., and L. Sumner. 1981. The desert bighorn: Its life history, ecology and management. Tucson,
Arizona: University of Arizona Press. 370 pp.

Mozingo, H. N., and M. Williams. 1980. Threatened and endangered plants of Nevada, an illustrated manual.
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Pish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Burueau of Land
Management, Reno, Nevada.

Murphy, K. 2000. Telephone communication between Kristen Murphy (Wildlife Biologist), the U.S. Bureau
of Land Management, and B. Sisler, PBS&J, regarding the classification of tortoise burrows and
tortoise density calculations. 3 November.

NatureServe. 2001 . NatureServe information database, a data compilation of sensitive species information.
Available on the internet: http://www.mp2-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/rerieval/summary/specieslist.cfm.
Accessed on 3 December.

Nevada Administrative Code (NAC) 555. Control of insects, pests, and noxious weeks. Available on the
internet: http://www.leg.state.nv.us/NAC/NAC-555.html.

Nevada Revised Statute (NRS) 501. Wildlife administration and enforcement, including regulation of game
mammals and furbearer species.

Nevada Revised Statute (NRS) 527.060-.120. Regulation of removal or possession of Christmas trees, cacti,
or yucca native to Nevada for commercial purposes.

Nevada Revised Statute (NRS) 555. Control of insects, pests, and noxious weeds. Nevada Department of
Agriculture Weed Action Committee. Available on the internet:
http://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-555.html.

O’Brien, J. 2000. Personal communication between J. O’Brien (Vegetation Specialist), U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Las Vegas, Nevada, and K. Shook, PBS&J. 17 July.

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7.0 Reference.'; and Literature Cited

Philpot, W. 1997. Suinniaries of the life histories of California bat speeies. U.S. Forest Serviee. Sierra
National Forest, Pinericlge Ranger Station. Unpublished Document. 33 pp.

Rafferty, D. 2000. Personal communication between D. Rafferty (Weed Specialist), U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Las Vegas, Nevada, and K. Shook, PBS&J. 18 July.

Roberts, H. 2001 . Personal communication between Heidi Roberts (Supervising Archaeologist), HRA, Inc.,
and PBS&J, regarding desert bighorn sheep sighting in the Table Mountain Wind Power project area
on Shenandoah Peak. Sighting occurred on 10 June 2001.

Rowlands, P. G., H. Johnson, E. Ritter, and A. Endo. 1982. The Mojave Desert. In Reference Hanclhook on
the Deserts of North America, edited by G. L. Bender. Westport, Connecticut and London, England;
Greenwood Press.

Sherwin, R. 1 998. Presentation to the Western Bat Working Group Workshop. Western Bat Working Group
Meeting, 9-13 Eebruary. Reno, Nevada.

Simmons, N. M. 1969. The social organization, behavior and environment of the desert bighorn sheep on the
Cabeza Prieta Game Range, Arizona. Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona, Tucson. 145 pp.

Stebbins, R. C. 1985. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin
Company.

Titus, C. K., and S. G. Weeks. 1991. Southern Nevada birds, a seeker’s guide. Las Vegas, Nevada: Red Rock
Audubon Society.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1998. Proposed Las Vegas resource management plan and final
environmental impact statement. U.S. Department of the Interior, the U.S. Bureau of Land
Management: Las Vegas Eield Office, Nevada.

. 1988. BLM 6840 Manual-Special Status Species Management. Bureau of Land Management, the

U.S. Department of the Interior. Washington D.C.

. 1999. U.S. BLM Las Vegas district bird list (BLM/LV/GI-99/030+ 8500; U.S. GPO 9-1999) for

Clark, Southern Nye, and Lincoln Counties. The list was compiled with cooperative assistance from
the Nevada Division of Wildlife, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and the Red Rock Audubon
Society.

U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS). 2001a. List of data obtained from bird surveys performed on Route 55032,
near the Table Mountain project area. U.S. Geologic Survey Breeding Bird Survey data retrieval.
Available on the internet:

http;//www.. mp2-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/rerieval/summary/specieslist.cfm.

. 2001b. USGS Northern prairie wildlife research center species information database. Butterflies of

Nevada. Available on the internet at: http;//www. npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/lepid/bnyusii/nv/708.htm.

Vasek, F. C., and M. G. Barbour. 1977. Mojave desert scrub vegetation. In Terrestrial vegetation of
California, edited by M. G. Barbour and J. Major. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Pp. 835-67.

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7.0 References and Literature Cited

Walker, M. V., and R. D. Ohinart. 1978. The peregrinations and behavior of feral burros (Eqitus asintis)
whieh affeet their distribution area and population size in the Havasu Resource Area, Colorado River
Valley, California-Arizona. IJ.S. Bureau of Land Management, Contract No. 525()()-CT4-270.

Welles, R. E., and F. B. Welles. 1961. The bighorn of Death Valley. Washington, D.C. U.S. National Park
Service Fauna Series, No. 6. 242 pp.

Wilco.x, B. A. 1980. Insular ecology and conservation. In Consen’cition biology: cm evoliitionaiy-ecological
perspective, edited by M. E. Soule and B. A. Wilcox. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinaur Associates,
Inc. 395 pp.

Woodward, S. L. 1976. Feral burros of the Chemehevi Mountains, California: the biogeography of a feral
exotic. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles.

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Attachment A

Eremico 2001 Botanical Survey Report

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x.

BOTANICAL SURVEY,

M«&N TABLE MOUNTAIN >V1ND POWER PLANT,
SPRING MOUNTAINS, CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

Prepared for:

PBS&J, Inc.

901 N. Green Valley Parkway
Henderson, NV 89014

Prepared by:

Denise L. LaBeileaiix
ERHM ICO Biological Se rvices
21 1 Snow Street
Weldon, CA 93283
(760) 378-3021

5 June 2001

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LISTOFTABLES iii

LIST OF ENCLOSURES iii

INTRODUCnON 1

MEFHODS 1

PRE-FIELD INVESTIGATIONS I

FIELD INVESTIGATIONS 1

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3

PLANT COMMUNITIES 3

GENERAL PLANT INVENTORY 5

SENSITIVE PLANT SPECIES 5

CACTI, AGAVES, YUCCAS, CHRISTMAS TREES 8

NON-NATIVE PLANT SPECIES 8

MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS 8

LITERATURECITED 9

APPENDICES;

A. Plant Taxa Observed During The Survey Period (30 April - 14 May 2001 ) On The
Proposed Table Mountain Wind Power Plant Project Site, Spring Mountains, Clark
County, Nevada

B. The Number Of Sensitive Plants Observed Along Each Transect During The Survey Period
(30 April - 14 May 2001 ) On The Proposed Table Mountain Wind Power Plant Project
Site, Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada

C. Completed Nevada Native Species Site Survey Report Forms For Sensitive Species
Observed During The Survey Period (30 April - 14 May 2001 ) On The Proposed Table
Mountain Wind Power Plant Project Site, Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada

II

I H

LIST OF TABLES

Sensitive plant species that have some potential of occurring in the
project area

LIST OF ENCLOSURES

Transect locations tor the botanical survey of project site and the locations of
sensiti\e plant populations and plant comnuinilies

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"A

INTRODUCTION

The Bureau of l.antl Management has recently filed a notice of intent to prepare an Environmental
Impact Statement focusing on wind power projects and other planned energy projects in the Table
Mountain, Shenandoah Peak, and Potosi Peak areas of the Spring Mountain Range in Clark
County, Nevada. The projects would involve the construction of an array of wind turbines and
ancillary facilities on approximately 4,500 acres of public lands. Ancillary facilities include access
roads, new distribution lines, laydown areas, and substations.

The purpose of this botanical survey is to provide information on the native vegetation presently
existing on the site, which will subsequently be used in preparation of the Environmental Impact
Statement. Special attention is given to sensitive species of plants including federal and state listed
and proposed threatened and endangered species and species of concern.

METHODS

PRE-EIELD INVESTIGATIONS

A search list of sensitive plant species that appear to have some potential of occurring in the project
area was prepared using information provided by the U.S Eish and Wildlife Service (USEWS)
(USEWS 2001) and the Nevada Natural Heritage Program (Department of Conservation and
Natural Resources 1999a, 1999b). A species is considered sensitive if it is 1) a federally listed
threatened or endangered species, or proposed as such (USEWS 1992, 1993); 2) a federal species
of concern (USEWS 2001); or 3) a State of Nevada listed or protected species (Department of
Conservation and Natural Resources 1999a, 1999b). A species was Judged to have some potential
for occurring in the project area if it is known to occur in the region, in a similar habitat, and at the
same elevation range as the project site.

Eighteen sensitive plant species were determined to potentially occur in the project area (Table 1 ).
These plants make up the search list used in planning and conducting the surveys. No federally
endangered or threatened species were determined to occur in the area. Twelve species, however,
are considered species of concern by the USEWS. Two species are recognized by the State of
Nevada as threatened with extinction, and two species is on its watch list. Several other species
are considered sensitive by the BLM and/or U.S. Forest Service (FS) (Table 1). None of the
sensitive species have previously been reported to occur on the project site. In addition, 2
evergreen trees (i.e.. Christmas trees), 1 1 species of cacti, 1 agave species, and 3 yucca species
have some potential of occurring in the project area and are protected and regulated by the State.
(Table 1 ). The search list was designed to alert the field team to possible occurrences of sensitive
species and to provide a focus for the field survey. Drawings and descriptions of each species
were reviewed and carried in the field.

FIELD INVESTIGATIONS

Field investigations were conducted on 30 April - 3 May and 8-14 May 2001 . The timing of the
surveys corresponded to the flowering periods of the majority of potentially occurring sensitive
plant species. Denise LaBeiieaux of EREVllCO Biological Services was the principle field
investigator. Other biologists that participated in the field investigations included Kelly Shook,
Dick Davis, Bobby Tuttle, Billye Jean Sisler, and Gary Galbraith of PBS&J, Inc.; Bruce Garlinger
ot EREMICO Biological Services; Mike McGovern, Biological Consultant; and Hermi Hiatt,
Biological Consultant.

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I'able I . Sensitive plant species that have some potential of occurring in the project area.

SI’HC'U-S

STATUS

Scioiitil'ic Name

Common Name

USFWS'

Nevadti"

Olhcr^

Ain^clicdscdhricki

Roueh angelica

('

Araomeconcdli fanned

Las Vecas bearpopp\

F

Araaniecon titerrunnii

White bearpoppv

BLM

A.slrdi^dlns fnnereus

Death Valiev milk-vetch

C

BLM. FS

Asirdi<dlns inohdvensis \ ar. heinigxnts

Hallring milk-\etch

c

E

BLM. FS

Asirdiidliis inohavensis var. mohavensis

Mojave milk-vetch

W

Asira^dliis nvensis

Nve milk-vetch

D

Asirdi^dliis remotiis

Spring Mountain milk-vetch

c

BLM. FS

Cryphiinlid itunnla.sd

New York Mi)uniains cat.seve

W

FS

Erioi^oniiiii hifurcdliini

Pahriimp Valiev buckwheat

c

BI.M

Erio^ontnn heernidiinii nir. clokevi

Clokev buckwheat

Bl.M. FS

Glossopeialon pitn^ens \ ar. ^kibra

Smrxvth dwarf ”reasebush

c

Glossopctdlon pun^ens \ ar. pnii^ens

Dwarf greasebush

c

Ivesia jde^eri

Jaeger ivesia

c

Penstemon hicolor ssp. hicolor

Yellow twotone beardtongue

c

BLM. FS

Pensiemon hicolor ssp. rosea

Rosy twotone beardtongue

c

FS

Pensiemon frniiciforinis ssp.diiiar^osae

Death Valley beardtongue

c

Seldi^inella iitahensis

Utah spikemoss

c

Echiuocactits polxcephaliis \ ar. polvcephalus

Cottontop cactus

P

Eclunocereus eni^elinannii

Hedgehog cactus

P

Echinocereus tri^lochididtus

Mojave mound cactus

P

Escohdria vivipara ssp. desertii

Beehive cactus

P

Ferocactiis cvlindraceiis \ ar. lecontei

California barrel cactus

P. w

Manviulldria letrancistra

Fish-hook cactus

p

Opnntia dccmlhocarpa \ar. coloradeusis

Buckhorn cholla

p

Opiinria hasilaris var. hasilaris

Beavertail cactus

p

Opnntia echinocarpa

Silver cholla

p

Opnntia erinacea var. erinacea

Mojave prickiv-pear

p

Opnntia raniosissinia

Pencil cholla

p

Ai^dve Iitahensis

Utah agave

p

Yucca fxjccala

Fleshy-fruited vucca

p

Yucca brevifolia var. brevifolia

Joshua tree

p

Yucca brevifolia MW. jae^eriana

Dwarf Joshua tree

p

Yucca schidi^era

Mojave vucca

p

Jnniperiis osteospenna

Utah juniper

p

Pinns monophvlla

Singleleaf pinyon

p

' U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Status; C = species of concern

^Nevada Status; E = threatened with extinction; P = protected and regulated; W = watch list; D =
recently delisted from watch list.

^Other; BLM = BLM sensitive species; FS = Forest Service sensitive species

2

The major vegetation comnuinities occurring in the project area were identified during the surveys
ot the project area. Classification of the natural communities follows Holland (1986). Bich
community type was characterized based on field observations of the dominant species. Dominant
and associating species were recorded in each geomorphic type within each plant community.

One hundred percent coverage surveys were conducted over 71% of the turbine sites, access
roads, and distribution lines, combined. Areas that were surveyed are mapped on Enclosure I.
The remaining turbine sites, access routes and distribution line routes along with the proposed
laydown areas and the proposed substation were not surveyed due to insufficient time. The sites
were surveyed by 2 biologists walking 50-ft wide parallel transects. For the turbine sites and
associated access roads, a 200-ft wide corridor connecting the turbines in a given area was
surveyed. The survey corridor along new distribution lines and new access roads also measured
200 ft in width. Access routes proposed along existing roads were surveyed by walking one, 50Tt
wide transect on each side of the road. Transect s are identified on Enclosure 1 .

The surveys were tioristically based, that is, all plant species encountered during the surveys were
identified to at least genus and to the level necessary to ensure that they were not sensitive species.
Voucher collections were made for all species that were not readily identifiable in the field or which
are closely related to plants on the sensitive species search list.

If a sensitive plant species, other than a Nevada protected and regulated plant species, was found in
the project area, its location was mapped, the number of individuals occurring along the survey
route was estimated, and the microhabitat was described. A handheld Global Positioning System
unit was used to obtain the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates for the location of
the sensitive plant population. A Nevada Native Species Site Survey Report form was also
completed. The number of each Christmas tree, cactus, agave, and yucca species (i.e., the Nevada
protected and regulated plant species) was obtained by counting individuals encountered along the
transects. If densities of these plants in a given area were high, ranging from the hundreds to
thousands, numbers were only estimated.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

PLANT COMMUNITIES

Four plant communities were recognized in the project area: blackbush scrub, Mojave creosote
bush scrub, Mojavean pinyon-Juniper woodland, and wash scrub. Blackbush scrub occurred over
the majority of the project area. Mojave creosote bush scrub occurred on the bajadas in a
transitional zone below the blackbush scrub on adjacent slopes. Mojavean pinyon-Juniper
woodland occurred in a small area, at the northern end of the project area, above 5600 ft. Wash
scrub occurred in two major washes, Keystone Wash and in the wash in the vicinity of the Yellow
Pine Mine, east of Shenandoah Peak. Each community is described in more detail below.

Blackbush Scrub. Blackbush scrub typically consists of low, often intricately branched shrubs
that are 0.5 to I m tall. Canopies of adjacent shrubs usually do not abut. It occurs on dry, well-
drained slopes and on flats will shallow, often calcareous, soils with very low water holding
capacity. Generally, this community type occurs between 4000 and 7000 ft in elevation and often
intergrades with Great Basin Sagebrush scrub. Joshua tree woodland, or pinyon Juniper
woodland. The dominant shrub is blackbush (Coleogyne raniosissima) (Holland 1986).

Blackbush scrub was the dominant community type of the project area, occurring on the mountain
tops, ridges, mountain slopes, and upper bajadas (Enclosure 1). It intergraded with Mojave

3

creosote hush scnih on the lower bajacias and Mojavean pinyon-juniper woodland above 5600 ft at
the north end of the project area. The species which associated with blackbush in this community
varied slightly throughout the project site, probably due to varying soil type and terrain. On Table
Mountain Joshua trees (Yucca hrevifolia var. hrevifolia) and dwarf Joshua trees (Y. b. var.
jae^chana) were very abundant in this community and may even be considered co-dominants.
Associating shrub species on Table Mountain included Shockley goldenhead (Acamptopappus
shocklevi), desert tomato (Lyciiun audersonii), spiny menodora (Menodora spinescens), Nevada
ephedra (Ephedra nevadensis), desert plume (Stanleya pinnata), and winterfat (Kraschenennikovia
kutaia). Some portions of the Table Mountain area had burned in the recent past (Enclosure 1 ). In
these areas the blackbush and the Joshua trees had not yet recovered. Hence, the dominant shrubs
in these burned areas were desert tomato and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens).

On the limestone ridges in the vicinity of Table Mountain common associates included spiny
menodora, apache plume (FalUi^ia paradoxa), fourwing saltbush, Mojave prickly pear (Opiuuia
erinacca var. erinacea), beehive cactus (Escobaria vivipara ssp. desertii), and cliff rose (Purshia
mexicana). On the limestone ridges in the northern portion of the project area, north of Wilson
Pass, Joshua tree and Mojave yucca (Yucca schidigera) were abundant and comprised the
overstory. Other associating species included apache plume, banana yucca (Kwcca Ixiccata), Parish
golden-eye (Viguiera parishii), Mojave prickly pear, beehive cactus, California buckwheat
(Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. polifolium), and turpentine broom (Thamnosma montana). Along
the Shenandoah Peak ridge big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), spiny menodora, and green
ephedra (Ephedra viridis) were common associates. On extensive slabs of limestone on exposed
ridges Utah agave (Agave utaheiisis), yellow cryptantha (Crxptantha confertifolia), and cottontop
cactus (Echinocactus polycephalus var. polycephaliis) were very common. On the slopes below
the ridges and on the upper bajadas the community contained a high diversity of species, including
Joshua tree, Mojave yucca, banana yucca, spiny menodora, desert tomato, Nevada ephedra,
Shockley goldenhead, cheesebush (Hymenoclea salsola), spiny hopsage (Grayia spinosa), and
fourwing saltbush.

Mojave Creosote Bush Scrub. Mojave creosote bush scrub is a widespread community type and
the most common type found in the Mojave Desert below about 4000 feet (Holland 1986,
Rowlands etal. 1982, Vasek and Barbour 1977). It is characterized by widely space shrubs that
are 2 ft to 8 ft tall. Creosote bush (Larreatridentata) and burro bush (Ambrosia dumosa) often are
the co-dominants in this community type. Creosote bush scrub is usually found on well drained
soils, often on bajadas and low hills, and is not found in highly salty or alkaline soils (Holland
1986).

The project site did not support a true Mojave creosote bush scrub community. The area between
the blackbush scrub community on the upper bajadas and the Mojave creosote bush scrub on the
lower bajadas, outside the project area, was a transitional zone between the two communities
(Enclosure 1). Hence, the area was comprised of a mixture of plants from both community types.
Common plants in this transitional zone included creosote bush, blackbush, Joshua tree, Mojave
yucca, spiny menodora, desert tomato, Nevada ephedra, Shockley goldenhead, cheesebush, spiny
hopsage, fourwing saltbush, Pima ratany (Krameria erecta), burro bush, and turpentine broom.
Common plants in the drainages, which bisected the bajada, included apache plume, blue sage
(Salvia dorrii), desert almond (Primus fasciculata), and scented beardtongue (Penstemon palmeri).

Moiavean Pinvon-Jimiper Woodland. Mojavean pinyon-juniper woodland is an open woodland
co-dominaled by singleleat pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and one of several species of juniper
(Juuiperus sp.) with an open shrubby understory of species commonly found in adjacent
communities. It occurs in desert mountain ranges, usually between 4000 ft and 8000 ft.

Within the project area Mojavean pinyon-juniper woodland occurred only in a small area, at the
extreme northern end (Enclosure 1). It was dominated by singleleaf pinyon and Utah juniper

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{Jitnipenis osteospenmi). Associating shrubs included those plants from the adjacent blackbiish
scrub and included blackbiish, cliff rose, and California buckwheat.

Wash Scrub. In the project area a wash scrub community was distinguished from the adjacent
community type due to the differences in the structure and species composition found in each
community. Even though the washes may have contained species from the adjacent community,
the washes had a higher plant density and supported species that did not occur in adjacent areas.

The wash scrub occurred in Keystone Wash and in the wash in the vicinity of the Yellow Pine
Mine, east of Shenandoah Peak (Enclosure 1). Common plants in Keystone Wash included paper-
bag bush {Salazaria mexicana), cheesebush, blackbush, Joshua tree, and Mojave yucca. An
additional common plant in the upper portion of the wash was green ephedra. Additional common
plants in the lower portion included deseit tomato, Nevada ephedra, creosote bush, and blue sage.
In the Yellow Pine Mine wash apache plume, paper-bag bush, matchweed (Giiiierrezici
microccphala), desert almond, and scented beardtongue were common.

GENERAL PLANT INVENTORY

A species li.stof all plants encountered within the project area was compiled from field check lists
and voucher specimens and is presented in Appendix A. The number of taxa recorded during the
surveys totaled 187 in 43 families.

SENSITIVE PLANT SPECIES

No federal or state listed threatened or endangered plant species were observed during the surveys
in the Table Mountain Wind Power Plant project area. In addition, no U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service species of concern were found on the project site. Three species on the watch list were
observed, however. These species include the Mojave milk-vetch {Astragalus mohavensis var.
mohavensis), the New York Mountains catseye (Cryptantha tumulosa), and the Mojave barrel
cactus {Ferocactiis cylindraceus var. lecontei). The catseye is also a Forest Service sensitive
species. The Nye milk-vetch (Astragalus nyensis) was also found on the project site, but this
species was recently removed from the watch list. The number of each of these species was
estimated along each transect and is provided in Appendix B.

Mojave Mi Ik- vetch. The Mojave milk-vetch was observed in three areas of the project site,
including Table Mountain, the limestone ridge that lies south of Table Mountain, and the wash in
the vicinity of the Yellow Pine Mine (Enclosure 1). Completed Nevada Native Species Site Survey
Report forms for these populations are in Appendix C. On Table Mountain the Mojave milk-vetch
occurred along the rocky western edge of the mesa. A mix of basalt and limestone rocks occurred
in this area. The subsurface was comprised of loamy soils. Only 5 plants were found at this
location. Common plants in the area included blackbush, Joshua tree, Nevada ephedra, and desert
tomato.

Along the ridge south of Table Mountain, 64 Mojave milk- vetch plants were found. These plants
were scattered on both sides and just downslope of the ridge (Enclosure I). They occurred on a
rocky limestone substrate with sLallow soils. Common plants in the area included blackbush.
apache plume, apricot mallow {Sphaeralcea ainhigua), wild honeysuckle (Caiira cocciiiea). and
tive-needled fetid (Thxiuophxlla pcntachaeia var. hclenidimn) .

In the vicinity of the Yellow Pine Mine, 23 Mojave milk-vetch plants were observed at two
locations in the gravel/cobble wash along the proposed distribution line/access road coiridor
(Enclosure 1). Other plants at these locations included blue sage, matchweed, apache plume, and
paper-bag bush.

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New York Mountains Catseve. Several New York Mountain catseyes were observed in two
general locations in the project area, on Table Mountain and in the north portion of the project site
(Enclosure 1 ). The majority of plants were found amongst the basalt rocks along the western edge
of fable Mountain (Table If Here, a population of 628 plants was estimated. Another 52 plants
were counted along the limestone ridge lying south of Table Mountain (Enclosure 1 ). The other
concentration of plants occurred in the northern portion of the project site, along the existing access
road to the radio towers (80 plants) and along the existing distribution line near Wilson Pass (7
plants) (Enclosure I). The catseye at these latter locations grew on limestone. Completed Nevada
Native Species Site Survey Report forms for these populations are in Appendix C.

Mojave Barrel Cactus. Mojave barrel cacti were found in scattered locations throughout the project
area. Areas of concentration, however, included two on Table Mountain. One ot these areas was
on a west-facing slope just below the top of Table Mountain and included 87 plants (Enclosure I ).
The other area was on a south-facing slope in the southeast portion of Table Mountain (Enclosure
I ). Here, a population of 365 plants was estimated. At both of these locations the substrate
consisted of basalt boulders and limestone cobble with a shallow loamy subsurface. Other
common plants at these locations included blackbush, fourwing saltbush, and spiny menodora.
Completed Nevada Native Species Site Survey Report forms for these two populations are in
Appendix C.

Nve Milk-vetch. The Nye milk-vetch was found in only 2 areas. Several plants were scattered on
both sides and just downslope of the limestone ridge lying south of Table Mountain (Enclosure 1 ).
Plants in this area totaled 361. It generally occurred on deeper soils downslope of the rocky
limestone ridge. The surface contained a caliche cap. Common plants in the area included
blackbush, Joshua tree, apricot mallow, fourwing saltbush, winterfat, red-stemmed filaree
{Erodium cicutarium), and Patagonia plantain {Plantago patagonica). The other population was
found south of Shenandoah Peak, on a south-facing slope just below the limestone ridge
(Enclosure 1). The site was rocky with a loamy subsurface, and crytogamrnic soil was present.
Common plants in the area included blackbush, green ephedra, Joshua tree, spiny menodora, red-
stemmed fdaree (Erodium cicutarium), and Patagonia plantain (Plantago patagonica) .

CACTI, AGAVES, YUCCAS, CHRISTMAS TREES

In addition to the four species discussed above, nine additional species of cactus, three species of
yucca, one agave species, and two Christmas tree species were observed throughout the project
area during the survey period. These species are discussed below. Since most of these species
were quite numerous and occurred in nearly all areas of the project site, populations were not
specifically mapped. However, the estimated number of each species that were observed along the
transects is provided in Appendix B, and these transects are mapped on Enclosure 1. All cacti,
agaves, yuccas, and evergreen trees are protected and regulated by the State of Nevada
(Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 1999a).

Cottontop Cactus. Cottontop cactus occurred along 1 1 of the 30 transects. Areas of concentration
included the two limestone ridges east of Table Mountain (Transects 12, 13, and 14, Enclosure I).
It occurred most often on exposed limestone ridges.

1 ledeehon Cactus. Hedgehog cactus occurred along 24 of the 30 transects. It was the third most
common cactus species in the project area. It was very common along the rocky ridges and slopes
in the northern portion of the project site (Transects 21 and 25, Enclosure 1 ).

Moiave Mound Cactus. Mojave mound cactus was observed along 18 transects. It was most
commonly found on limestone ridges throughout the project area.

6

Beehive Cactus. I’lie beehive cactus was the second niost comnion cactus species in the project
area, occurring along all but one transect (Appendix B). It frequented the limestone ridges and
slopes but also occurred in the washes and on the bajadas. The lowest numbers were found on the
basalt rock areas of Table Mountain .

Little Fishhook Cactus. Only 3 little fishhook cacti were found in the project area, one each on
Transects 12, 17, and 25 (Enclosure I ).

Buckhorn Cholla. Buckhorn cholla was infrequent in project area, occurring only along 5
transects. It was most abundant on a limestone ridge and adjacent bajada in the northern portion of
the site (Transects 18, 21, and 25, Enclosure 1)

Beavertail Cactus. Beavertail cactus was frequently encountered, detected along 24 of 30
transects. However, it occurred in low to moderate numbers. It was most abundant on Table
Mountain.

Silver Cholla. Silver cholla occurred in all areas except on the narrow limestone ridges. It was
detected on 22 of 30 transects.

Mojave Prickly Pear. The Mojave prickly pear was the most abundant cactus in the project area. It
occurred on 24 of 30 transects. It was nearly absent, however, from Table Mountain but very
common on the limestone ridges.

Utah Agave. The Utah agave was observed on 16 of 30 transects. It occurred exclusively on
limestone and was most abundant on a ridge in the northern portion of the project area (Transect
25, Enclosure 1 ). It was a dominant plant on the extensive slabs of limestone.

Banana Y ucca. The banana yucca occurred mainly in the washes and on the upper bajadas and
lower slopes of the project site. It was absent from the Table Mountain area, the tall ridges, and
the extremely steep slopes.

Joshua Tree. Several thousands of Joshua trees occurred throughout the project area. The only
areas it was uncommon were in the burned areas on Table Mountain and on extensive limestone
outcrops. The two varieties {Yucca brevifolia var. brevifolia and Y. b. var. jaegeriaiui) were
combined for the population estimates. The dwarf Joshua trees (T. b. var. jaegeriana) occurred
most frequently on Table Mountain.

Mojave Y ucca. The Mojave yucca occurred in most areas, with a notable exception being Table
Mountain. It was most abundant on the lower slopes and bajadas.

Utah Juniper. The Utah juniper occurred in low numbers and only in the northern end of the
project area, in the Mojavean pinyon-juniper woodland (Enclosure 1 ).

Singleleaf Pinyon. Singleleaf pinyon occurred in very low numbers with the Utah juniper in the
Mojavean pinyon-juniper woodland the northern portion of the project area (Enclosure 1 ).

7

NON-NA nVE PLANTS SPECIES

Eight species that are not native to North America were recorded in the project area. These species
are identified in Appendix A and include wild mustard (Bm.ssica tourneforiii), flixweed
(Dcscurainia sophia), tumble mustard {Sisymbrium altissimum), oriental mustard (Sisymbrium
orieniale), Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), red-stemmed fdaree (Erodium ciculariiim), red brome
(Bromiis madritensis ssp. rubens), and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). The bromus grasses and
the filaree were common throughout the project area. The red brome was most abundant in the
burned areas on Table Mountain. The other species were most common along existing roads, in
mining areas, and at the radio towers.

MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS

Avoidance of the Mojave milk-vetch, the New York Mountains catseye. and the Mojave barrel
cactus populations during placement of wind power facilities is preferred. However, if avoidance
is not possible, then individuals of these species should be translocated to suitable habitat in
neighboring areas prior to ground disturbing activities at the project site. These populations should
be monitored to evaluate the success of the translocations.

The avoidance of as many cacti, agaves, yuccas, and Christmas trees as possible is also preferred.
However, because of the high densities of these species in the project area, avoidance of all
individuals will not be possible. In these cases, individuals, excluding mature Christmas trees,
should be translocated to adjacent areas prior to ground disturbance. Again, a monitoring program
should be established to evaluate the success of the translocations. Areas that may be suitable as
translocation sites include the burned areas on Table Mountain. These areas are recovering from a
recent fire; however, because of the slow growth of Joshua trees and some cactus species, it may
take decades before these species can fully reestablish themselves in the area. Hence, translocating
Joshua trees and cacti into the burned areas may hasten the recovery process. Because deeper soils
occur in the burned areas, these areas may bot be suitable for all cactus species. Species preferring
shallow, rocky soils may not transplant well and include cottontop cactus, hedgehog cactus,
Mojave mound cactus, beehive cactus, Mojave barrel cactus, little fishhook cactus, and Mojave
prickly pear. However, all species should be attempted.

Mature Christmas trees that cannot be avoided should be felled and left in the area to provide cover
for wildlife.

A program to remove non-native vegetation in the project area should be investigated. In addition,
a program to reduce the spread of non-native plants from the project site to other areas should be
adopted. The program may include, but is not limited to, washing of vehicles and equipment and
removing plant parts from shoes and clothing prior to leaving the project site.

8

LITERATURECITED

Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 1999a. Christmas trees, cacti, and yucca
native to Nevada. Nevada Natural Heritage Program. Carson City, NV.

Depailment of Conservation and Natural Resources. 1999b. State of Nevada list of fully
protected plant species. Nevada Natural Heritage Program. Carson City, NV.

Holland, R.F. 1986. Preliminary descriptions of the terrestrial natural communities of California.
Calif. Dept, of Fish and Game Natural Diversity Data Base, Sacramento, CA.

Rowlands. P.. H. Johnson. E. Ritter, and A. Endo. 1982. The Mojave Desert. Pp. 10.3-162 in
Bender. G.L. (ed.). Reference handbook on the deserts of North America. Greenwood
Press. Westport, Conn.

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. List of threatened and endangered species.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Plant taxa for listing as endangered or threatened species;
Notice of review. Federal Register 58 (188); 51 144-51 190.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Species list for the proposed Table Mountain Wind Power
Project in the Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada. Letter addressed to Ms. Kelly
Shook. PBS&J, dated 14 March 2001.

Vasek. F.C., and M.G. Barbour. 1977. Mojave Desert scrub vegetation. Pp. 835-867 in
Barbour, M.G., and J. Major (eds.). Terrestrial vegetation of California. John Wiley and
Sons, New York, NY.

9

APPENDIX A

PLANT TAXA OBSERVED DURING THE SURVEY PERIOD (30 APRIL - 14 MAY 2001)
ON THE PROPOSED TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PLANT PROJECT SITE,
SPRING MOUNTAINS, CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

%

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\

FAMILY

DIVISION

Scientific Name' Common Name’

FIERI DOPHYTA
F^I'ERIDACEAE

C he Hunt he s parry i
Pentagranima triangularis
GNETOPHYTA
CUPRESSACEAE

Juniper us osteaspenna

EPllEDRACEAE

Ephedra nevadensis
Ephedra viridis

PINACEAE

Pinus monophylla

ANTHOPHYTA: DICOTYLEDONES
ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus trilobata

APIACEAE

Lomatium sp.

ASTERACEAE

Acainptopappus shockleyi
Adenophyllum cooperi
Ambrosia acanthicarpa
Ambrosia dumosa
Artemisia ludoviciana
Artemisia tridentata
Bailey a multiradiata
Bebbia juncea
Brickellia arguta
Brickellia multiflora
Brickellia oblongifolia
Calycoseris wrightii
Chaenactis fremontii
Chaenactis stevioides
Chaenactis xantiana
Chrysothamnus paniculatus
Chrysothamnus teretifolius
Circium neomexicanum
Encelia actoni
Encelia vi rg i nens is

Parry lace fern
Gold back fern

Utah juniper

Nevada ephedra
Green ephedra

Singleleaf pinyon

Squaw bush
Parsley

Shockley goldenhead
Cooper adenophyllum
Sand bur
Burro-bush
Mugwort
Big sagebrush
Desert marigold
Sweet bush
Pungent brickellbush
Inyo brickellbush
Brickellbush
White tack-stem
Fremont pincushion
Gray-leaved pincushion
Xanthus pincushion
Wash rabbitbrush
Green rabbitbrush
New Mexico thistle
Bush sunflower
Bush sunflower

FAMILY

DIVISION

Scientific Name' Common Name'

Ericaifieria linear ifolia
Erigeron concinnus
Gutierrezia inicrocephala
Heliomeris multiflora var. nevadensis

Hymenoclea salsola
Malacothrix coulteri
Malacolhrix glahrata
Fs ilostroplie cooperi
Senecio flaccidus var. monoensis

Senecio niultilobatus
Stephanoineria parryi
Stephanomeria paiiciflora
Stylocline sp.
Tetradymia axillaris var. axillaris
Tetradymia cLsillaris var. longispina
Thymophylla pentachaeta var. belenidiiim

Uropappus lindleyi
Viguiera parishii
Xylorhiza lortifolia

BORAGINACEAE

Showy goldenbiish
Fleabane daisy
Matchweed
Nevada golden-eye
Cheesebush
Snake’s-head
Desert dandelion
Paper-daisy
Mono senecio
Basin senecio
Parry rock pink
Desert milk-aster
Nest straw
Cotton-thorn
Cotton-thorn
Five-needled fetid
Silver-puffs
Parish golden-eye
Mojave aster

Amsinckia tessellata
Cryptantha barbigera
Cryptantha circumscissa
Cryptantha confertifolia
Cryptantha dunientorum
Cryptantha holoptera
Cryptantha micrantha
Cryptantha pterocarya
Cryptantha tuinulosa
Cryptantha utahensis
Cryptantha virginensis
Ticfuilia canescens var. canescens

Tic/nilia plicata

BRASSICACEAE

Fiddleneck
Fuzzy forget-me-not
Capped cryptantha
Yellow cryptantha
Flexuous cryptantha
Rough-stemmed cryptantha
Purple-rooted forget-me-not
Wing-nut forget-me-not
New York Mountains catseye
Fragrant forget-me-not
Virginia forget-me-not
Shrubby ticpiilia
String plant

Arabis glaucovalvitla
* Brass ica tournefortii
Caiilanthus crassicaulis var. crassicaidis

Caulanthus cooperi

Blue-podded rock-cress
Wild mustard

Thick-stemmed wild cabbage
Cooper caulanthus

'4

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FAMILY

DIVISION

Scientific Name' Common Name’

Desi ■urainia pinnata

Tansy mustard

*Descuraifiia sophia

Flixweed

Draha cuneifolia

Desert draba

Giiillenia lasiophylla

California mustard

Lepidiuni fremontii

Bush peppergrass

Lepidium lasiocarpum var. lasiocarpum

Modest peppergrass

■'Sisyinhrimn allissiniiini

Tumble mustard

^Sisymbrium orienlale

Oriental mustard

Sianleya elata

Prince's plume

Stanleya pinnata

Desert plume

Streptanthella longirostris

Streptanthella

BUDDLEJACEAE

Buddleja utahensis

Panamint butterfly bush

CACTACEAE

Echinocactus polycephalus var. polycephalus

Cottontop cactus

Echinocereus engelmannii

Fledgehog cactus

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Mojave mound cactus

Escoharia vivipara ssp. desertii

Beehive cactus

Eerocactiis cylindraceits var. lecontei

Mojave barrel cactus

Mammillaria tetrancistra

Little fishhook cactus

Opuntia acanthocarpa

Buckhorn cholla

Opiintia hasilaris var. basilaris

Beavertail cactus

Opuntia echinocarpa

Silver cholla

Opuntia erinacea var. erinacea

Mojave prickly pear

CAMPANULACEAE

Nemacladus sp.

Thread-plant

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Symphoricarpos longiflorus

Desert snow berry

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Arenaria macradenia var. macradenia

Mojave sandwort

CELASTRACEAE

Mortonia utahensis

Mortonia

CllENOPODIACEAE

Alriple.x canesccus

Fourvving saltbush

Airipl ex conjeriifol ia

Shadscale

Grayia spinosa

Spiny hopsage

Kraschenennikovia lanata

Winterfat

^Salsola tragus

Russian thistle

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name' Common Name"

CUCUBITACEAE

Cuciirb it a foetidissi ma

Calabazilla

EUPHORBIACEAE

Chamaesyce setiloba

Y uma spurge

FABACEAE

Astragalus acutirostris

Keel beak

A straga lus layneae

Layne milk-vetch

Astragalus lentiginosus

Milk-vetch

Astragalus mohavensis var. mohavensis

Mojave milk-vetch

Astragalus newberryi

Newberry milk-vetch

Astragalus nuttallianus

Nuttall's milk-vetch

Astragalus nyensis

Nye milk-vetch

Lupinus concinnus

Bajada lupine

Lupinus flavoculatus

Yellow-eyes

Psorothamnus fremontii

Fremont indigo bush

GERANIACEAE

'^Erodiiim cicutarium

Red-stemmed filaree

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Nama demissum

Purple mat

Phacelia crenulata

Purple phacelia

Phacelia fremontii

Yellow-throats

Phacelia rotundifolia

Round-leaved phacelia

Phacelia vallis-mortae

Death Valley phacelia

Tricardia watsonii

Three-hearts

KRAMERIACEAE

Kranieria erecta

Pima rhatany

LAMIACEAE

Hedeoma

nanum var. californicum

Small pennyroyal

Salazaria mexicana

Paper-bag bush

Salvia dorrii

Blue sage

Salvia mohavensis

Mojave sage

IJNACEAE

Linum lewisii var. lewisii

Blue fla.x

LOAS/\CEAE

Mentzelia albicauUs

Little blazing star

Mentzelia oreophila

Inyo blazing star

rj

FAMILY

DIVISION

Scientific Name' Common Name’

MALVACEAE

Ere male he exilis
Sphaeralcea amhigua var. amhigiui
N^ CTAGINACEAE

Mirabilis higelovii var. bigelovii
Mirahilis multiflora

OLEACEAE

Meuodora spinescens

ONAGRACEAE

Camissonia hoothii
Camissonia brevipes
Gaura coccinea
Oenothera caespitosa

PA PAVER ACE A E

Argernone corymbosa
Eschscholtzia glyptosperma
Eschscholtzici mimitiflora

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago ovata
Plantago patagonica

POLEMONIACEAE

Gilia spp.

Langloisia setosissima ssp. setosissima

Linanthiis demissiis
Phlox stansburyi

POLYGONACEAE

Chorizanthe riglda
Eriogonum deflexum var. deflexum
Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. polifolium
Eriogonum heermannii \ar. floccosum
Eriogonum inflatum var. inflatum
Eriogonum nidularium
Eriogonum trichopes var. trichopes
Eriogonum wrightii
Oxy theca perjoliata
Rumex hymenosepalus

PHILADELPHACEAE

Eendlerella utahensis

White mallow
Apricot mallow

Wishbone bush
Giant four-o'clock

Spiny menodora

Primrose
Yellow cups
Wild honeysuckle
Evening primrose

Mojave prickly poppy
Desert gold-poppy
Little gold-poppy

Woolly plantain
Patagonia plantain

Gilia

Bristly langloisia
Desert snow
Stansbury phlox

Rosy-thorn
Skeleton weed
California buckwheat
Woolly Heermann buckwheat
Desert trumpet
Bird's-nest buckwheat
Little trumpet
Wright buckwheat
Saucer plant
Wild rhubarb

Yerba desierto

FAMlL'i

DIVISION

Scientific Name' Common Name’

RANCNCULACEAE

Anemone tiiberosa
Delphinium parishii ssp. parishii

ROSACEAE

Cercocarpiis intricatus
C olecp^yne ramosissima
Falhii^ia paradoxa
Petrophxton caespitosa ssp. caespitosa

Primus fasciculatus
Purshia mexicana

RUBIACEAE

Galium sp.

RUTACEAE

Thamnosma montana

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Castilleya sp.
Mimulus bigelovii
Mimulus rubellus
Penstemon eatonii var. eatonii

Penstemon palrneri

SOLANACEAE

Lycium andersonii
Nicotiana obtusifolia
Physalis crassifolia

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE

Larrea tridentata

ANTHOPHYTA: MONOCOTYLEDONES
LIEIACEAE

Agave utahensis
Calochortus flexuosus
Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum

Yucca baccata
Yucca brevi folia var. brevifolia
Yuccii brevifolia xnr. Jaegeriana

Yucca schidigera
Zigadenus sp.
Allium nevadense

Desert windflower
Desert larkspur

Little-leaf mahogany
Blackbush
Apache plume
Rock spiraea
Desert almond
Cliff rose

Bedstraw

Turpentine broom

Indian paintbrush
Bigelow mimulus
Red-stemmed mimulus
Eaton firecracker
Scented beardtongue

Desert tomato
Desert tobacco
Thickleaf ground-cherry

Creosote bush

Utah agave
Straggling mariposa
Blue dicks
Banana yucca
Joshua tree
Dwarf Joshua tr ee
Mojave yucca
zygadene
Single-leaf onion

• *

«

* . jS

FAMILY

DIVISION

Scientific Name' Common Name-

POACEAE

Achnatheriim hymenoides Indian ricegrass

Achnathenim speciosum Desert needlegrass
'■^Bromus madritensis ssp. riibens Red brome
*Bromus tectorum Cheat grass

Erioneuron pulchellum Fluffgrass

Muhlenbergia sp. Muhly

Pleuraphis rigida Big galleta

Poa sp. Bluegrass

'Scientific names follow Hickman (1993).

-Common names follow Hickman (1993) or Jaeger (1969).

* indicates a non-native (introduced) species.

Literature Cited:

Hickman. J. C. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. Lfniversity of
California Press, Berkeley. 1400 pp.

Jaeger, E. C. 1969. Desert wild flowers. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. 322 pp

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Escobaria vivipara ssp. c/csertii

Eerocactus cylindraceus \ar. lecontei

Mammillaria tetrancistra

a

Cl

Cj

o

c

5

o

c

,2

S

O

Opuntia basilaris var. bcisilaris

a

Cl

c

Cl

o

"c

.2

Cl

C

03

>

^3

U

2

.5

'O

5

■-* — — — ■ —

Yucca baccala

Yucca brevifolia (including \ ar. brevifolia
and var. iaeeeriana)

0/

o

2

5^

Cl

t-o

O

tn

O

>-

2

2

a;

K

i

Species Tratise^

ri

— ! r-

00

sD

c: -r

r ' ir.

r-

o

r'

ri

<N

O

O

r'

r-

C'

't

o

r)

50

ri

n

f't

c

r-

(N

<o

00

o^

c

c

05

s

C3

z.

c

o

E

E

o

J

o

U

05

E

C5

z

c

.U

"o

(/D

lo

k]

00

kj

cy

CO

f,

-a

k

O

k

o

00

a -k
ck

S k

c

k "O

k

'O

Co

3

c

<J

z:

Species

vC

sC

c

>/']

r-

•o

rN)

>n

VC

r-

On

3

o

r^.

r\

fN

c^

3

r-

<N

f^4

c^.

00

<N

r-j

Z.

c

o

E

c

o

U

U

C/J

=J

O

C3

o

OXjl

o

-C

cc

o

X

o

*u.

d

>

E.

'c

(/)

a>

E

«

z

o

C

c/)

2

O

o

o

ar

%

-Cl

C3

Cio

C! -i;
^ >--
Cl 'll

-Cl

CJ ^
Cj
5:1 TD

§

•V.

s

OJ

c

i:

O

o

O

c

I!

U

\

APPENDIX C

COMPLETED NEV ADA NATIVE SPECIES SITE SURVEY REPORT FORMS FOR
SENSITIVE SPECIES OBSERVED DURING THE SURVEY PERIOD (30 APRIL- 14 MAY
2001 ) ON THE PROPOSED TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PLANT PROJECT SITE,
SPRING MOUNTAINS, CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

s'

rev. W97-1 999-09

NEVADA NA FIVE SPECIES SITE SURVEY REPOR I

SEND TO: .NKN VOA .N.VH It-VI. IIKKH .ua-: PRO(;lt.VM. ISSO l~.xst C .>ll> ge Paikw.t suiU- us, Cai-xoii CUv. NV 89706-7921

(775)6X7 4245

OFFICE USE ONLY

PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU.

Source Code; Map Code:

Element Code; Occurrence ff

Copv Sent lo;

SciJilific name (no codes):

L^rkoM-y^ ere,y,iCo2>aol. Co^ >*"-'7(^0 > 37S-3^ai

Address:

^11 Smu) S(.^ COelchn , CA ?3P.5’3

D.,e„t su.ev: ^ ^OQl ^ T K

da\' mondr vear

LOC.-VTION (please attach map showinjr population boundanes and routes / areas searched):

Collection »

Museunv
.Uerh :

Lv..»c..-vi rpicase aiiaui map siiuwui^ pupuiauuii uuuiiuai les anu rouies / areas searcneu ). / ,

On eck^e. o-f ~iahle Mounitu^ in ^ s^uiU rn Spc 5

0.(j>Sr^ of henoArmrK ‘’-fihle" ujm

Map Name: ^

Field ;

scale- 1 :

Elevation:

50(t>0

lo

(f

m

R

R

'iot

'/4 ol

Sect.

Sect.

Land Manager:

R>lM

Size of -Area:

if of indn idual&'ramets:
rt of colonies.' gaiets:

if zero, reason;

^0 5^. />7

if ddfei enl, e.'cplain;

Is this a new location record (Yes/No/Unknown)?: a subsetiiient visit?:

Pheiiologic Stages (plants):
-Age .Structure (all):

% donnant -yi. % vegtJative
% senescent % adulCmature

Site Kunotions/Uses (animals):

breeding

foraging

Compared lo last visit: more

% budding 20 ?b llowering 20 % fruiting

% juvenile /OO % first-year

roosting denning

same fewer
“/b seeding

wmlenng

% newborn, seedling
other

INTERACTIONS (disease, predation, competition, parasitism, symbiosis, pollination, hybridization, dispersal, eta):

H.ABIT.AT DESCRIPTION (commiinitv dominants, associates, other rare species, moisture, substrate soils, aspect / slope, lidit, air / water temperature, time, weather.

ac.i: ^ckhfibh 5crub ijjj ColeoQxjns r£* mo^i^irvya^ ^ n^'/AcUn^t's , Lydiui^

On ^ f/A-f sitpe . S/kjhi slope. . C>fef\ . (tAck^/boulaon of [xusa.lt f- hW

CURRENT SITE USE ! Visible Disturbances and Impacts / Possible Threats: ^ 4.^

Vici roaof niiCJirh^' hancj^cjiloU'^ ramps ^ ?rof>r>^^u)lnd >' •

Overall Relative Site Quality; Excellait v: Good Fair Poor

COMMENTS ON QU.^kLITY:

SHOLTD.COULD THIS SITE BE PROTECTED? How?:

OTHER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFIC.ATION OF T.YXON (Fill ui all applicable blanks):

Keyed in referaice: JepSDD O^Auo / ■ p/o Co of A/g
Compared w/photo/drawing in:

Compared with specimen at:

By another person (include below; name):

By personal knowledge (yes/ho):

(Xher:

PHOTOGR.APHS (dieck all applicable):
Subject: Type;

Diagnostic feature Slide

Whole organisni(s) Print

Habitat or site Digital

Other:

Mav we obtain copies at our cost'i’

Ol HER kNOW'l .F.DGI'.ABIT PE( )PLLi I N:iiiic Vldress Phone l.-maili:

I » •

'•i®

rTiwi'?).

rev. W9r-1999-fl9

NEV ADA NATIVE SPECIE S SH E SURVEY REPORT

SEND TO: NK\'A1)\ N.VUIRAI. HERIIWGI': 1MU)(;R.\M. ISSO l M C .lleae Paikwav. suiU- us, Carson C itv, N\ 89706 7921

(775) 6H7 4245

OFFICE USE ONLY

PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU.

Source Code:

Map Code:

Element Code:

Oceurraice r

Copy Sait to:

Sciaiiilic name (no codes):

Sni A'cyor Kcpoitcr

/ini'l email ifan
AddiCSS

UBerka^X ecemmair^l.ro^ '■"««< 7(1^ > 37g-3o^

o?ll Snouo Si. cOeldox! . CA

Date orSur\ev

' 0^ ^00 1

Countv;

C/ar k

Colieelion if

Museum'
Jlerh :

dav montJi vear

LOCATION (please attadi map showmg population boundaries and routes / areas seardied):

On cic^^eUn^ C ^u'&h 7^ hie Mou/rkut), Scaffeced abnci Ci 2.5 knn

UU ■fhc.l uYc^ Searched) . UJ'idfh tearcheo^ loo^ <^n 395^6.3^

>AJL II ~r^ ^

4-g

Map Name
scale 1

Land Manager:

Gc>cd5fci{\oi^ j A/l/

Field tt

Elevation; 5 / OC)

(^mj

uTM

3LM

Size of .Area:

50 ha.

! of individual& ramets:
tf of colonies genias:

(o5

if zero, reason;

if ditferenL e.Nplam:

Is tilts a new location record (Yes/No/T'iikiiovvn)?: V€5 a subsequent visit?: no

Phaiologic Stages (plants); ?'o dormant ?'<> vegetative

.Age Structure (all): "bsaiescent % adult/mature %juvenil

foraging

Site Functions/Uses (animals):

breeding

Compared to last visit: me

% budding 5o % tloweruig “ b thiiliiig

/oo °o first-year
dainmg

same fewer
% seeding

wmtermg

roosting

% new bom/ seedling
odier

INTER.ACT10NS (disease, predation, compaition, parasitism, syanbiosis, pollination, hybridization, dispersal. Ac )'.

H.-3B).T.AT description (community domiiiants, associates, otlier rare species, moisture substrate / soils, aspect , slope, liglit. air ' water tenaierature. tune, weatlier.

^ac.): Scrub 00/ Colea^i^ne AiAto5/55/V»*4 f^lluciia ^radoYA <*<?«•//»£

y -fbc/Ac. shpcs , )ud loeld^ C^d^e. fockw f h'v^<^k>n& oukrep^s

Open dr^ 'Stie. ‘ ‘ ' ‘

cl RRENT SITE USE ; Visible Disturbances and Impacts / Possible flireats:

■Jitjlujcn 5Kfla{0 bcckttncj colnd '^toer

Overall Relative She Quality: Excellent Good Fair Poor

COMMENTS ON QU.ALITY:

SHOUI.D/COULD THIS SITE BE PROTECTED? How?:

OTHER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFIC.ATION OF T.AXON (Fill in all applicable blanks):

Keyed in reference; Jg^/7 MCtAU<x2 FbOq e>-f
Compared w.'pholo/drawing in:

Compared with specimen at;

By anollier person (include below, name):

By personal knowledge (yes'iio):

Other:

PHO fOGR,AifilS (dieck all applicable):
Subject: Type:

Diagnostic feature Slide

\Miole organism(s) Print

Habitat or site Digital

Otlier;

Mac' we obtain copies at our cost''

OIHER KNOW l.L.DC il-.AHLl: PFOPIJ-' (Name Addicss Plionc F-maih;

xviafti'

rev. W97-1 999-09

NEVADA NATIVE SPECIES SITE SURVEY REPORT

SEND TO; NKVAIU NMIIRVI. m:RIT.\(;K PU<K;UA.M. 1550 l.ast( oiu-ge Parkway, suite 1 45. { arson ( ity. 89706 7921

OFFICE USE ONLY

(775)687 4245

PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU,

Source C<xle:

Map Code:

Element Code:

(Occurrence r-

1

Copv Sait to:

V^r. Mahive/Tih

. D?/i,se

ercry^ica D aol-

I1»nc:(7^^ ) 37g.Jjr2,

Xddrcss

<PII SnOco ! CA ^5^83

Date of Surt ev:

/3 ^0

CoimlN :

Cleric

Collection #

Museum

.Uerh :

dav monllt vear

LCX'.ATION (please attadt map showing ptyulation boundtiries and routes / areas seardted): ^ /V) /■5k'^ So^'l<o('

/vi-fTJf. /. ^ S£ of ^elbuj (jjm 20^11 o<i»3<i03O£, lOAf •

of '{e//cno kl>i^ (jTaA OloyoieloB^ 396 7^ A/ -t~ 2$'Or^ A/G" Pccu rlc

Map Name:
scale=l :

8ood‘i>(XAc^^ , NV

Field i

Elevation:

lo

V7PO (3^

R

R

> of
1 of

Sect

Sect.

1-and Manager:

BL-n

Size of

- of individuals/ramets:
tt of colonies' genets:

^3

if zero, reason:

/Area: /. */ '54< ‘

z. 10

ryy-

fy^

if different, explain:

Is tJii.s a new location record (A cs No, Unknown)?: a subsequent visit?: 77

Phenologic Stages (plants):
.\ge Structure (all):

®'o donnant "0 vegetative

“0 senescent “o adult mature

% budding

^juvenile

Site Funclion.S/Uscs (animals):

breeding

foraging

wintering

roosting

Compared to last visit: more .same fewer

®o flowering ofruiimg ®o seeding

Z5 “o first -> ear "0 newborn seedling

denning other

INTERACTIONS (disea.se. predation, competition, parasitism, symbiosis, pollination, hybridization, dispersal, etc.):

H.VBIT .AT DESCRIPTION' (community dominants, associates, other rare species, moisture, substrate ! soils, a.spect ' slope, liuht. air , water temperature, time, w eather.

^c): ^CAv'el, Cobble aXi-‘bh lu/ fc>/tu<jic, ^IV/^ Cbleocjy/M

'^afc.zcu'lgu ^ ^rfeoiry^rio-

CURRENT SfTE USE Visible Disturbances and Impacts . Possible riweats:

T^ccJ A£2X£lo'f , ic /huninc^ cxre^ . Pro ^osed ojI n (A ^

hero. I bi^rr(0S

Overall Relative Site Quality:
COM.\n?NTS ON QUALITY:

Excellent

Oood

Fair

Poor

SHOULD-COIT.DTHIS SITC BE PROTECTED® How?:

OTHER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFIC.ATION (AF T.AXON (Fill in all applicable bkinks):

Keyed m referoice:

PHOTOGR.APHS (dieck all applicable):
Subjea: Tspe

Diagnostic feature Slide

Compared w photo drawing in:

Compared with specimen at:

Whole organism(s) Print

By another person (include below; name):

Habitat or site Digital

By personal knowledge (yes/'no):

(Xher:

(Atlicr: ~

Max wc obtain copies .it ''ui cost'

orilFR KNOWl.l DOi: \HI 1 ITOPI 1: iN.inie \ddr.-ss Phone i'-niaili-

' -.Jf.

’ I

rev. W97-1999-09

NEVADA NATIVE SPECIES SITE SURVEY REPORT

SEN 1) TO: NK\'A1)A N.VrUlUL HKRIT V(;i.: I>R(K;R.\M, 1550 l.ast t\,|]ege Paiknav, suite 145. Carson ( ilv, W 89706 7921 (775) 6H7 4245

PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU

OFFICE USE ONLY

Source Code:
Element Code:
Copy Sent to:

Map Code:
Occurrence i

5^

Sci jitific name (no codes)

Surveyor Rejtorter . ' ’ . q i „

(tnel t^nail it'.invo LA (CO j, (TiD 7~*1

P(l SnauJ S/., CA

^ ^001 e,u„-y K »

Phone: (

licO ' .3,7g-3^-;/

dav moiitlt

MuseunE
.Herb :

LOCATION (please attadi map showing population boundaries and routes / arene >ce;irf4iwn- /

€r\i\ce. u)e^krn <^-f lahle ^buA-ku/) ' }n 'th 5ouH<crn Spclaa

H'SH^ryy. afonc^ ad]yc[c^e io Soui^ KrvtJ) z^rx^a N

Ian Name: ^ i . . / , / r - i i ^ I ^ —

Map Name
seal

Field s:

Elevation:

Land Manager:

mo

10

5/60

73lM

1

3‘15^‘ico /V

R ‘A of

L Sea.

Size of Area:

^ of individuals'raniets
it ofcolonies/geneis:

(.9,0

if zero, reason:

/OO

ifdiflerent explain:

Is tills a new location record (Yes/No/Uiiknown)?: a subsetiuent visit?:

Compared to last visit: more

same fewer
® o seeding

Plienologic Stages (plants): <>() dormant °i. vegaative ^ % budding ' % flowering ^ % fruiting

AgeStruaure(all): (7 % adulL''malure % juvenile V'blirst-year % newbom/seedlina

Site Eunaions/Uses (ammak): breeding foraging wmtenng roosting deiuiing

other

INTER.ACTIONS (disease, predation, compe-tition. parasitism, symbiosis, pollination, hybridization, dispersal ac,):

.ABIT.AT DESCRIPT 1(3N (comniunitv doiMiaiits. associates, other rare species, moisture, substrate / soils, aspea / slope, liglit. air / water temperature, tune, weather.

3k<cKbu‘>n sirab oOlCoieeA^fJ ^uecit ^ L^CIU^ £i/)^rii>nn ,

MtAodofc Rrooxd^u^ cyh^raciu^,, O/ixioe^j- t s/^pe . Open dV^ '

CL'RRENT SITE USE / Visible Disturbances and Impacts / Possible Threats: ’ ^ *i

'Rocs/d r rci/yips )f\ ar^c^. u)‘iAd- siic

Overall Relative She Quality: Excellent W Good Fair

COMMENTS ON QUALITY: ~

Poor

SHOLri.D/COULD THIS SITE BE PROTECTEn-> How?:

OTFiER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFIC.ATION OF T.AXON (Fill in all applicable blanks):

Keyed in rel'erence: Jsp^n Ak/lUJaJ2 ■ hlor^^-f

PHOTOGR-VPHS (dieck all applicable):
Subjea: Type:

Diagnostic feature Slide

Compared w/photo/drawing m: ^

Compared with specmien at:

Whole organism(s) Pnnt

By another person (include below; name):

Habhat or site Dighal

By personal knowledge (yes^no):

Other:

e.x^pQ.riencc> cvifA <=:piijCj.e^

.Max we obtain copies at our cost'"’

OPHER EN()V\l.EDGE.VHl.EPF:OPLJ't\:iiiie. Address Phone F-maiD:

A

rdi

I**

rev. W97-1999-09

NEV ADA NATIVE SPECIES SITE SURVEY REPORT

SEND rO;N h\ ADA NA I 1 l^VI, HKRl TAtih PKOtil't.V.M. 1550 I'.ast College Paikv>av, suite 145. Carson City, NV 89706-7921

OFFICE USE ONLY

(775) 687-4245

PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU

Source Code:

Map Code:

Element Code:

Occurraice U

Copy Sent to:

ScidUilic name (no
Sun

fii

\ddrcss

Mir\ evor Repotier i / _ • / / , jL

unA en,...i ,r.,nvv Herou htiatt

Phone; (

‘ ?kC/W La-i t\]\i

^ ^ C/ar K

’ 3kl-//7l

Colieciion ff

dav raonih year

LOCATION (please attadi map showing. population boundaries and routes / areas searched):

Museum'
.Herb :

Alof)Ci ec^e o-f Ho ccxdUo iouxrs hJ£ LOil'^n sprin<j

L;TAA Zerxe. M 0lad57OoE^ 3^1‘^7'bOi\j

Map Name: A/\/ F.eku

scale- 1.

Ele\aljou:

Land Manager;

5lo0O “ 5ZH0

/3^/H

'K-

R

oijstfcoe,

4 Ot

Sect.

Size of' .Area;

T of individuals/ramels
# of colonies/ genets

if zero, reason:

if difl'eranL explain:

Is this a new location record (Yes/No/Unknown)?: a subset]ucjit visit?:

Phenologic Stages (plants):
Age Stmaure (all):

dormant

% senescent

/ O ''■egetative

% adulty'malure

jrj^ Compared to last visit: more

% budding "o flowering “o fruiting

same fewer
“ o seeding

Site Functions Lises (animals);

%juvenile

breeding

foraging

wuitering

roosting

% first -year
dennmg

% newborn seedling
other

INTER. ACTIONS (disease, predation, competition, parasitism, ssmbiosis. polliiiation. hybridization, dispersal. etc.)I

LLABIT.AT DESCRIPTION (comnnmitv dominants, associates, other rare species, moisture, substrate / soils, aspect / slope, lielit. air / water temperature, tune, weather.

oca: VlaxjDn'junif^r' u>oc>ciktr)c(^ lO/ ^ Jurdpacu^ ^fucc^ /i'<^ ^ '^Jucca l(XiCcCii<\.

ulon^ edije af coe^cf y c>f\ u^dhiurhecl b^ncMs . 5-ke.p S/Ve

CCRRENT SITE USE / Visible Disturbances and Impacts / Possible Tlireats: I ! ty\JL^'\'0 f) €

roaci F» • Prof>o^e<d coi^d

Overall Relative Site Quality; E.xcelleiu Good ^ Fair Poor

COMMENTS ON QUALITY:

SHOULD/COUIT) THIS SITE BE PROTECTED? How?:

OTHER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFIC.AI ION OF T.AXON (Fill in all applicable blanks):

Keyed m reference:

Compared w/photo/drawing m:

Compared w ith specimen at:

By anotlier person (include below; name):

By personal knowledge (yes, no):

Oilier: ~

OTHER KN()WLED(-,|-ABI.F PEOPLE (Name Address Phone E-inail.:

PHOTOGILAl’lIS (dieck all applicable):
Subjea: T'pei

Diagnostic feature

Slide

Whole organism(s)

Print

Habitat or she

Digital

Otlier:

\la\ we obtain copies at our cost?

mu;

0

-«

-.‘rlr#:

rev. W97-1 999-09

NEVADA NATIV E SPECIES SITE SURVEY REPORT

SEND TO: NK\ ADA .N AH'RAI. llKRi r.V(;K I*R()(;RA.M. 1550 Ka-St ( ollygr Parkway, suite 145, Carson t'itv. .N\ 89706 7921

(775)687-4245

OFFICE USE ONLY

PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU.

Source Code:

Map Code:

Elanent Code.

Occurrence 7

1

Copy Sent to:

ScioUific nnmo (no codes)

,Te.Ai^ Uzherkcu^y- fcemcn^oal.C/^

^// SncLoSi,^ ejeldon.c/) ‘93.?S'3

Dale ol SurvcN ; ,, / u Coiinlv:

I’honc: (

l(cO ' 37^-3^a(

May 900

^ Chc[<

Collection #

dav iiKniJi

Museum
. Herb :

l.(X'ATION (please anadi map sliow in ° population Ixrundanes and routes / areas searched): / / SB O-f 60 i I “SO tO l^SS

(JTAl It 0(o'bS3lOE'^ 3*77^)530/^ '

S^^rvinchah A/ V

scale=l .

Field #

Elevation:

‘^7(s0

to

m

land Manager:

3t-A1

R

R

1 of
« of

‘ 4 Sect
‘'4 Sect.

Size of .Area

- of individuals ramets:
~ of colonies, genets:

if zero, reason:

yy).

if d i trerenu exp I a in :

Is tliis a new location record (A es/No/Unknown)?: a subsequent visit?: HCD Compared to last visit: more same fewer

Plienologic Stages (planks). ®o dormant ®'<> vegetative % budding ^C) (lowering j Q ®b fruiting % seeding

-■A§e Slnidure (all), ®o senescent ®b adufrmature ®b juvenile ®b first-year

darning

Site Functions Uses (animals):

breeding

foraging

wintering

roosting

"o newborn seedling
other

IN 1 F.RAC1 IONS (disease, predation, compaition. parasitism, symbiosis, pollination, hybridization, dispersal, etc.

H.ABIT.AT DlySC RIP HON (community dominants, associates, other rare species. moi.sture. substrate / soils, aspect / slope, light, air water tanperature. time, w eatlier.

db-ckbiA-sh Scruh uj) ColeoSi'^ (?;/w5i5^;V>7^ ^juccci bre^ji^hh'o iucce, ‘sc.ktd ic.e ryieyoclc>r<^
Spi^<Un‘^, /ocAj€r^ iO'^ ^lop€, . Cohb/e ‘5ur(Bcj , '

, (oyt<^y

CIXRENT SITE I'SE / Visible Disturbances and Impacts . Possible Tlireats;

Overall Relative Site Quality:
COMMENTS ON QUALITY:

E.xcellent

X

Good

Fair

Poor

SHOlUD COULD THIS SITE BE PROTECTED'’ How'’;

OTHER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFIC.ATION OF T.AXON (Fill in all applicable blanks):

Keyed in reference: ^ F lo cF ^J

PHOTOGR.AI’HS (dieck all applicable):
Subject: f>pe*:

Diagno.stic feature Slide

Compared w.photo/drawing in:

Compared w ith specimen at:

VMiole organism! s) IVint

By another person (include below; name):

Habitat or she Digital

Bv personal know ledge (yes no):

(XJter:

< Xlicr

Mas we obl.iio eopi^-s ,u our cost’

OfllFR KNOW I I.DtilMBFF. PF.OPI F. (Name VUr.'s. Phone F-iiiaili-

‘ V

\

• •

-■wtiiiii#''

;■/ ♦!

«•

.* ( .,

’ (I f ^•.‘

'■A'.'n f ■ ■>

* ? 'Ir ■

' ’

% 5

. ? v- J-

-tJ - ■ ■

I

u/jt •

rev. W97-1999-09

NEVADA N A FIVE SPECIES SITE SURVEY REPOR 1

SEN D rO: NK\ .VD.V NA I URAI, HERU A(;K t*KOCU.\.M. ISSU I'.ast CdIK ae Hji kwuy. siiiu- 145. C'JI^OII City, NV 89706 7921

(775)687-4245

OFFICE USE ONLY

PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU.

Source Code:

.Map Code:

Elemait Code:

Occiiirence ff

Copy Sent to:

Sciauilic name (no ci>des):

SuiTCNor Rejroiler

Hiu:! inti;

Addresj*.

heroC6Lc]-i^^ Csilind^aius \fac, \ecdn-\e\

Dale ol Sui veN

.»i .1 ...w T)grt;6£- Lg 2^ dio I . Cn/yy

311 6nnu:> 5^. , r A 9")^g3

' * 37? - 1

M<ay ^ I

County:

Ckr\<

Colleaion n

liiv inonlli year

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COMMENTS ON QU.ALITY:

SHOULD/COULD THIS SI TE BE PROTECTED? How?:
OTIiER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFICATION OF T.AXON (Fill ui all applicable blanks):

Keyed in reference:

Compared w photo/drawing in:

Compared with specmien at:

By anotlter person (include below, name):

By personal Diow ledge (yes/no):

Other:

OTHER KNLfVVI FD(lF..VBLi: PEOPI.L. iN.inic .Vldicss, Phone. E-mai I ) ;

PHOTOGR.APHS (dieck all applicable):
Subjea: Type:

Diagnostic feature Slide

Wliole organism(s) IVinl

Habitat or site Digital

Other:

Ma\ we obtain copie^ .il our cosC

rev. W97-1999-09

m:vada mauve species site serve y report

SEND TO: ■NKN'.VD.V N.V I I'UAl, IIKRI l .VtJK l*R(KiR.VM. 1550 Kast t'oUege Partjvav, suite 145, t'aixni City, NV' 89706-7921

OFFICE USE ONLY

(775) 687--I245

, PLEASE ENTER ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO YOU.

Source Code;

Map Code:

Elemail Code:

Occurraice n

Copy San to:

Scientific name (no codes): — / /. i

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# of colonies/'genas:

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.A.ge Slruaure (all): "bsaiescenl Jd V^o adutlmalure

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r\o curceM du^iurlaanci^^ . 'prof^^ed oO/'Aoi pxxoer 5/Ve

Overall Relative Site Quality: E.vcellait Good Fair Poor

COMMENTS (7N QU.ALITY:

SHOLT.D/COU1.D THIS SITE BE PROTECTED? How?!

OTHER COMMENTS:

IDENTIFIC.AFION OF T/VXON (Fill ui all applicable blanks);
Key ed in referaice:

Conpared w photo/ drawing in:

Compared with specimen at:

By anotlier person (include below; name):

By personal knowledge (yes/no);

Other:

PHOTOGR.APHS (dieck ail applicable):

Subjea:

Diagjiostic feature
Uliole organism(s)
Habitat or site

Type:

Slide

Pnnt

Digital

Other:

l:i\ we obt.iiii co|iics ,u our cost'.’

OTHER KN()\\'l,i:D(ii:ABl.i; PEOPLE (N.iiiic .\ddicss Plu^ne E-mai 1 1 ;

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Attachment B

Agency Coordination Letters

United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
NEVADA FISH AND WILDLIFE OEFICE
1340 FINANCIAL BOULEVARD, SUITE 234
RENO, NEVADA 89502

December 5, 2001
File No. 1-5-02-SP-433

Ms. Kelly Shook
PBS&J

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89014-6139

Dear Ms. Shook:

Subject: Updated Species List for the Proposed Table Mountain Wind Power

Project in the Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada

This responds to your letter we received on December 4, 2001, requesting an updated list of
tlireatened and endangered species and species of concern that may occur in the subject project
area. The list we previously provided to you on March 14, 2001, has not changed. We are
enclosing the list with our letter. This fulfills the requirement of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (Service) to provide information on threatened and endangered species pursuant to
section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, for projects that are authorized,
funded, or earned out by a Federal agency. Please reference the species list file number shown
above in all subsequent correspondence concerning this project.

Please contact Jeri Krueger of the Southern Nevada Field Office at 702-647-5230, if you have
questions regarding the enclosed list.

Sincerely,

i Robert D. Williams
Field Supervisor

Enclosure

/

ENCLOSURE A

LISTED SPECIES AND SPECIES OF CONCERN
THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF
THE PROPOSED TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT,

SPRING MOUNTAINS,

CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

File Number: 1-5-02-SP-433
December 5, 2001

Listed Species

Reptile

Desert tortoise (T) Gopherns agassizii

T = Tlireatened

Species of Concern

Birds

Western burrowing owl

Olive-sided flycatcher

Gray flycatcher

American peregrine falcon
Phainopepla

Athene cunicularia hypugea
Contopus borealis

Empidonax wrightii

Falco peregrinus anatum
Phainopepla nitens

Mammals

Pale Townsend’s big-eared bat
Spotted bat

Greater western mastiff bat

Allen’s biff-eared bat

Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens
Eudenna maculatum

Eumops perotis californicus
Mionvcteris phyllotis

California leaf-nosed bat
Small-footed myotis

Long-eared myotis

Fringed myotis

Long-legged myotis

Y lima myotis

Big free-tailed bat

Macrotus californicus

Myotis ciliolabrum

Myotis evotis

Myotis thysanodes

Myotis volans

Myotis yumanensis

Nyctinomops macrotis

Reptiles

Banded Gila monster

Chuckwalla

Heloderma siispecturn cinctum
Saiiromalus obesus

..ir;ai

ENCLOSURE A (cont)

File Number: 1-5-02-SP-433
December 5, 2001

Invertebrates

Spring Mountains acastus checkerspot butterfly Chlosyne acastiis robusta

Dark blue butterfly

Morand’s checkerspot butterfly

Spring Mountains comma skipper

Charleston ant

Nevada admiral butterfly

Spring Mountains icarioides blue butterfly

Spring Mountains blue butterfly

Spring Mountains springsnail

Carole’s silverspot butterfly

Plants

Rough angelica
Black woolypod
Halfring milkvetch
Spring Mountains milkvetch
Smooth dwarf greasebush
Dwarf greasebush
Jaeger ivesia

Yellow twotone beardtongue
Death Valley beardtongue
Utah spikemoss

Euphilotes enoptes purpurea
Euphydtyas anicia morandi
Hesperia couima mojaveuis
Lasius nevadensis
Limenitus weidemeyerii nevadae
Plehejus icarioides austinorwn
Plebejus shasta charlestoneusis
Pyrgulopsis deaconi
Speyeria zerene carolae

Angelica scabrida

Astragalus funereus

Astragalus mohavensis var. hemigyrus

Astragalus remotus

Glossopetalon pungens var. glabra

Glossopeialon pungens var. pungens

Ivesia jaeger i

Penstemon bicolor ssp. bicolor
Penstemon Jruticiformis ssp. amargosae
Selaginella utahensis

HECEiVED

MAR 1 ?n31

United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
NEVADA FISH AND WILDLIFE OFFICE

1340 FINANCIAL BOULEVARD, SUITE 234
RENO, NEVADA 89502

xMarch 14, 2001
File No. 1-5-01 -SP-464

PBS&J

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89014-6139

Dear Ms. Shook;

Subject: Species List for the Proposed Table Mountain Wind Power Project in the

Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada

This responds to your letter dated March 1, 2001, requesting information on threatened and
endangered species that may occur in the subject project area. Enclosure A lists the threatened
and endangered species that may be present within the proposed project site. This fulfills the
requirement of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) to provide information on threatened
and endangered species pursuant to section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended, for projects that are authorized, funded, or carried out by a Federal agency. Please
reference the species list file number shown above in all subsequent correspondence concerning
this project.

Enclosure A also lists the species of concern to the Service that may occur in the project area.

The Service has used information from State and Federal agencies and private sources to assess
the conservation needs and status of these species. Further biological research and field study are
needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa. One potential benefit of considering
these species during project planning, is that by exploring alternatives early in the planning
process, it may be possible to provide long-term conservation benefits for these species and
avoid future conflicts that could otherwise develop.

We also recommend that you contact the Nevada Natural Heritage Program (1550 East College
Parkway, Suite 145, Carson City, Nevada 89710, 775-687-4245) and the appropriate regional
office of the Nevada Division of Wildlife, as well as other local. State, and Federal agencies, for
distribution data and infonnation on conserv'ation needs for these and other species of concern
that may occur in your project area. Potential impacts to species of concern should be considered
during the environmental documentation process.

Ms. Kellv Shook

'■H'n

•Mi

"J-i

N

* f

tH^T

Ms. Kelly Shook

File No. 1-5-01-SP-464

The proposed project may necessitate the removal of vegetation during construction. We
recommend vegetation clearing (or other surface disturbance) be timed to avoid potential
destruction of active bird nests or young of birds that breed in the area. Such destruction may be
in violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (15 U.S.C. 701-718h). Under this act, active nests
(nests with eggs or young) of migratory birds may not be harmed, nor may migratory birds be
killed. Therefore, we recommend that land clearing be conducted outside the avian breeding
season. If this is not feasible, we recommend that a qualified biologist survey the area prior to
land clearing. If active nests are located, or if other evidence of nesting (mated pairs, territorial
defense, carrying nesting material, transporting food) is observed, a protective buffer (the size
depending on the requirements of the species) should be delineated and the entire area avoided to
prevent destruction or disturbance to nests until they are no longer active.

We are concerned with the possible effects of wind power turbines on migratory birds, especially
in areas such as the Spring Mountains where forested landscapes and cooler climates may be
particularly attractive to birds. Impacts to migratory birds from operation of wind power turbines
should be considered during the environmental assessment process, as well as alternatives for
location, design, and operation of this facility that may reduce potential impacts to migratory
birds.

Please contact Jeri Krueger of the Southern Nevada Field Office, at 702-647-5230 if you have
questions regarding the enclosed list.

^ Robert D. Williams
Field Supervisor

Enclosure

2

s.

ENCLOSURE A

LISTED SPECIES AND SPECIES OF CONCERN
THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF
THE PROPOSED TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT,

SPRING MOUNTAINS,

CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

File Number: 1-5-01-SP-464
March 14, 2001

Listed Species

Reptile

Desert tortoise (T) Gopherns agassizii

E = Endangered; T = Threatened

Species of Concern

Birds

Western burrowing owl
Olive-sided flycatcher
Gray flycatcher
American peregrine falcon
Phainopepla

Mammals

Pale Townsend’s big-eared bat
Spotted bat

Greater western mastiff bat
Allen’s big-eared bat
California leaf-nosed bat
Small-footed myotis
Long-eared myotis
Fringed myotis
Long-legged myotis
Yuma myotis
Big free-tailed bat

Reptiles

Banded Gila monster
Chuckwalla

Athene cunicularia hypugea
Contopus borealis
Empidonax wrightii
Falco peregrinus anatiim
Phainopepla nitens

Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens

Euderma maculatum

Eumops perotis californicus

Idionycteris phyllotis

Macrotus californicus

Myotis ciliolabrum

Myotis evotis

Myotis thysanodes

Myotis volans

Myotis yumanensis

Nyctinomops macrotis

Heloderma suspectum cine turn
Sauromalus obesus

•/ • I

J

.t;

uiH

'W /

;rn

•hi

.■»vj

ENCLOSURE A (cont)

File Number: 1-5-01-SP-464
March 14, 2001

Invertebrates

Spring Mountains acastus checkerspot butterfly

Dark blue butterfly

Morand’s checkerspot butterfly

Spring Mountains comma skipper

Charleston ant

Nevada admiral butterfly

Spnng Mountains icarioides blue butterfly

Spring Mountains blue butterfly

Spring Mountains springsnail

Carole’s silverspot butterfly

Chlosyne acastus robusta
Euphilotes enoptes purpurea
Euphydryas anicia morandi
Hesperia comma mojavenis
Lasius nevadensis
Limenitus weidemeyerii nevadae
Plebejus icarioides austinonim
Plebejus shasta charlestonensis
Pyrgulopsis deaconi
Speyeria zerene carolae

Plants

Rough angelica
Black woolypod
Halfring milkvetch

Spring Mountains milkvetch
Smooth dwarf greasebush
Dwarf greasebush
Jaeger ivesia

Yellow twotone beardtongue
Death Valley beardtongue

Utah spikemoss

Angelica scabrida
Astragalus funereus
Astragalus mohavensis var.
hemigyrus
Astragalus remotus
Glossopetalon pungens var. glabra
Glossopetalon pungens var. pimgens
Ivesia jaegeri

Penstemon bicolor ssp. bicolor
Penstemon fruticiformis ssp.
aniargosae
Selaginella utahensis

Nevada Natural Heritage Program

Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
1550 East College Parkway, Suite 145 * Carson City, Nevada 89706-7921
voice: (775) 687-4245 fax:(775) 687-1288 web: www.state.nv.us/nvnhp/

6 March 2001

Kelly Shook
PBS & J

901 X'orth Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, NV 89014

RE: Data request received 5 March 2001

Dear Kelly:

We are pleased to provide the information you requested on endangered, threatened, candidate, and/or
sensitive plant and animal taxa recorded within or near the Table Mountain Wind Power project area. We
searched our database and maps for the following:

Township

24S

Range 57E

Seaion

all

Township

24S

Range 58E

Seaion

all

Township

25S

Range 58E

Section

all

The enclosed printout lists the taxa recorded within the given area. Please be aware that habitat may also be
available for: the desert tortoise, Cophems aQassIzil. a Federally Threatened Taxon; the chuckwalla,
SauromaJus ater, a Nevada Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Sensitive Species; the New York Mountains
catseye, Cryptantha tumulosa, a U.S. Forest Service Region 4 sensitive species; the white bearpoppy,
Arctomecon merriamii, a Nevada BIM Sensitive Species; and the Las Vegas bearpoppy, Araomecon
callfornica. a Nevada BLM Special Status Species also protected under Nevada state law (NRS 527.26Q-.300) as
critically endangered. A further concern is Raptors, wind power strutures can be a significant threat to Raptors
as evidenced by many studies. We do not have complete data on various raptors that may also occur in the
area; for more information contaa Ralph Phenix, Nevada Division of Wildlife at (775) 688-1565. Please note
that all cacti, yuccas, and Christmas trees are proteaed by Nevada state law (NRS 527.060-.l20), including taxa
not tracked by this office.

Please note that our data are dependent on the research and observations of many individuals and
organizations, and In most cases are not the result of comprehensive or site-specific field surveys. Natural
Heritage reports should never be regarded as final statements on the taxa or areas being considered, nor
should they be substituted for on-site surveys required for environmental assessments.

Thank vou for checking with our program. Please contact us for additional information or further assistance.

Sincerely,

Eric S. Miskow
Biologist Ill/Data Manager

Ia

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V

Sensitive Taxa Recorded near the Table Mountain Wind Power project area
Compiled by Nevada Natural Heritage Program for PBS & J

6 March 2001

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1

Attachment C

List of Plant Species

Attachment C

Plant Species Observed in the Proposed Table Mountain Wind Power Study Area,

Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada^

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name®

Common Name*’

PTERIDOPHYTA

PTERIDACEAE

Cheilanthes parryi

Parry lace fern

Pentagramma triangularis

Goldback fern

GNETOPHYTA

CUPRESSACEAE

Juniperus osteosperma

Utah juniper

EPHEDRACEAE

Ephedra nevadensis

Nevada ephedra

Ephedra viridis

Green ephedra

PINACEAE

Pinus monophylla

Singleleaf pinyon

ANTHOPHYTA: DICOTYLEDONES

ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus trilobata

Squaw bush

APIACEAE

Lomatium sp.

Parsley

ASTERACEAE

Acamptopappus shockleyi

Shockley goldenhead

Adenophyllum cooperi

Cooper adenophyllum

Ambrosia acanthicarpa

Sand bur

Ambrosia dumosa

Burro-bush

Artemisia ludoviciana

Mugwort

Artemisia tridentata

Big sagebrush

Bailey a multiradiata

Desert marigold

Bebbia juncea

Sweet bush

Brickellia arguta

Pungent brickellbush

Brickellia multiflora

Inyo brickellbush

Brickellia oblongifolia

Brickellbush

Calycoseris wrightii

White tack-stem

Chaenactis fremontii

Fremont pincushion

c-i

la

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name^

Common Name**

Chaenactis stevioides

Gray-leaved pincushion

Chaenactis xantlana

Xanthus pincushion

Chrysothamnus paniculatus

Wash rabbitbrush

Chrysothamnus teretifolius

Green rabbitbrush

CIrcium neomexicanum

New Mexico thistle

Encelia actoni

Bush sunflower

Encelia virginensis

Bush sunflower

Ericameria linearifolia

Showy goldenbush

Erigeron concinnus

Fleabane daisy

Gutierrezia microcephala

Matchweed

Heliomeris multiflora var. nevadensis

Nevada golden-eye

Hymenoclea salsola

Cheesebush

Malacothrix coulter!

Snake's-head

Malacothrix glabrata

Desert dandelion

Psilostrophe cooper!

Paper-daisy

Senecio flaccidus var. monoensis

Mono senecio

Senecio multilobatus

Basin senecio

Stephanomeria parry!

Parry rock pink

Stephanomeria pauciflora

Desert milk-aster

Stylocllne sp.

Nest straw

Tetradymia axillaris var. axillaris

Cotton-thorn

Tetradymia axillaris var. longispina

Cotton-thorn

Thymophylla pentachaeta var. belenidium

Five-needled fetid

Uropappus lindleyi

Silver-puffs

Viguiera parishii

Parish golden-eye

Xylorhiza tortifolia

Mojave aster

BORAGINACEAE

Amsinckia t esse 1 lata

Fiddleneck

Cryptantha barbigera

Fuzzy forget-me-not

Cryptantha circumscissa

Capped cryptantha

Cryptantha confertifolla

Yellow cryptantha

Cryptantha dumentorum

Flexuous cryptantha

Cryptantha holoptera

Rough-stemmed cryptantha

Cryptantha micrantha

Purple-rooted forget-me-not

Cryptantha pterocarya

Wing-nut forget-me-not

Cryptantha tumulosa

New York Mountains catseye

C-2

<

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name^

Common Name*’

Cryptantha utahensis

Fragrant forget-me-not

Cryptantha virginensis

Virginia forget-me-not

Tiquilia canescens var. canescens

Shrubby tiquilia

Tiquilia plicata

String plant

BRASSICACEAE

Arabia glaucovalvula

Blue-podded rock-cress

*Brassica tournefortli

Wild mustard

Caulanthus crassicaulis var. crassicaulis

Thick-stemmed wild cabbage

Caulanthus cooperl

Cooper caulanthus

Descurainia pinnata

Tansy mustard

*Descurainia sophia

Flixweed

Draba cuneifolia

Desert draba

Guillenia lasiophylla

California mustard

Lepidium fremontii

Bush peppergrass

Lepidlum lasiocarpum var. lasiocarpum

Modest peppergrass

*Slsymbrium altlssimum

Tumble mustard

*Sisymbrium orientale

Oriental mustard

Stanley a elata

Prince's plume

Stanley a pinnata

Desert plume

Streptanthella longirostris

Streptanthella

BUDDLEJACEAE

Buddleja utahensis

Panamint butterfly bush

CACTACEAE

Echinocactus polycephalus var. po/ycep/?a/us Cottontop cactus

Echinocereus engelmannii

Hedgehog cactus

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Mojave mound cactus

Escobaria vivipara ssp. desertii

Beehive cactus

Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei

Mojave barrel cactus

Mammillaria tetrancistra

Little fishhook cactus

Opuntia acanthocarpa

Buckhorn cholla

Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris

Beavertail cactus

Opuntia echinocarpa

Silver cholla

Opuntia erinacea var. erinacea

Mojave prickly pear

CAMPANULACEAE

Nemacladus sp.

Thread-plant

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

C-3

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name^

Common Name*’

Symphoricarpos longiflorus

Desert snowberry

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Arenaria macradenia var. macradenia

Mojave sandwort

CELASTRACEAE

Mortonia utahensis

Mortonia

CHENOPODIACEAE

Atriplex canescens

Fourwing saltbush

Atriplex con ferti folia

Shadscale

Grayia spinosa

Spiny hopsage

Kraschenennikovla lanata

Winterfat

*Salsola tragus

Russian thistle

CUCUBITACEAE

Cucurbita foetidissima

Calabazilla

EUPHORBIACEAE

Chamaesyce setiloba

Yuma spurge

FABACEAE

Astragalus acutirostris

Keel beak

Astragalus layneae

Layne milk-vetch

Astragalus lentiginosus

Milk-vetch

Astragalus mohavensis var. mohavensis

Mojave milk-vetch

Astragalus newberryi

Newberry milk-vetch

Astragalus nuttalllanus

Nuttall's milk-vetch

Astragalus nyensis

Nye milk-vetch

Lupinus concinnus

Bajada lupine

Lupinus flavoculatus

Yellow-eyes

Psorothamnus fremontii

Fremont indigo bush

GERANIACEAE

*Erodium cicutarium

Red-stemmed filaree

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Nama demissum

Purple mat

Phacelia crenulata

Purple phacelia

Phacelia fremontii

Yellow-throats

Phacelia rotundifolia

Round-leaved phacelia

Phacelia vallis-mortae

Death Valley phacelia

Tricardia watsonli

Three-hearts

KRAMERIACEAE

C-4

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name^

Common Name'’

Krameria erecta

Pima rhatany

LAMIACEAE

Hedeoma nanum var. californicum

Small pennyroyal

Salazaria mexicana

Paper-bag bush

Salvia dorrii

Blue sage

Salvia mohavensis

Mojave sage

LINACEAE

Linum lewlsii var. lewisii

Blue flax

LOASACEAE

Mentzelia albicaulis

Little blazing star

Mentzelia oreophila

Inyo blazing star

MALVACEAE

Eremalche exilis

White mallow

Sphaeralcea ambigua var. ambigua

Apricot mallow

NYCTAGINACEAE

Mirabilis bigelovii var. bigelovii

Wishbone bush

Mirabilis multiflora

Giant four-o'clock

OLEACEAE

Menodora spinescens

Spiny menodora

ONAGRACEAE

Camissonia boothii

Primrose

Camissonia brevipes

Yellow cups

Gaura coccinea

Wild honeysuckle

Oenothera caespitosa

Evening primrose

PAPAPERACEAE

Argemone corymbosa

Mojave prickly poppy

Eschscholtzia glyptosperma

Desert gold-poppy

Eschscholtzia minutiflora

Little gold-poppy

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago ovata

Woolly plantain

Plantago patagonica

Patagonia plantain

POLEMONIACEAE

Gilia spp.

Gilia

Langloisia setosissima ssp. setosissima

Bristly langloisia

Linanthus demissus

Desert snow

Phlox stansburyi

Stansbury phlox

C-5

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name^

Common Name^

POLYGONACEAE

Chorizanthe rigida

Rosy-thorn

Eriogonum deflexum var. deflexum

Skeleton weed

Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. polifolium

California buckwheat

Eriogonum heermanniiyar. floccosum

Woolly Heermann buckwheat

Eriogonum inflatum var. inflatum

Desert trumpet

Eriogonum nidularium

Bird's-nest buckwheat

Eriogonum trichopes var. trie hopes

Little trumpet

Eriogonum wrightii

Wright buckwheat

Oxytheca perfoliata

Saucer plant

Humex hymenosepalus

Wild rhubarb

PHILADELPHACEAE

Fendlerella utahensis

Yerba desierto

RANUNCULACEAE

Anemone tuberosa

Desert windflower

Delphinium parishii ssp. parishii

Desert larkspur

ROSACEAE

Cercocarpus intricatus

Little-leaf mahogany

Coleogyne ramosissima

Blackbush

Fallugia paradoxa

Apache plume

Petrophyton caespitosa ssp. caespitosa

Rock spiraea

Prunus fasciculatus

Desert almond

Purshia mexicana

Cliff rose

RUBIACEAE

Galium sp.

Bedstraw

RUTACEAE

Thamnosma montana

Turpentine broom

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Castilleya sp.

Indian paintbrush

Mimulus bigelovii

Bigelow mimulus

Mimulus rubellus

Red-stemmed mimulus

Penstemon eatonii var. eatonii

Eaton firecracker

Penstemon palmed

Scented beardtongue

Penstemon bicolor var. bicolor

Yellow twotone beardtongue

Penstemon bicolor var. roseus

Rosy twotone beardtongue

SOLANACEAE

C-6

I

I

1

DIVISION

FAMILY

Scientific Name®

Common Name*’

Lycium andersonii

Desert tomato

Nicotiana obtusifolla

Desert tobacco

Physalis crassifolla

Thickleaf ground-cherry

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE

Larrea tridentata

Creosote bush

ANTHOPHYTA: MONOCOTYLEDONES

LILIACEAE

Agave utahensis

Utah agave

Calochortus fiexuosus

Straggling mariposa

Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum

Blue dicks

Yucca baccata

Banana yucca

Yucca brevifolia var. brevifolia

Joshua tree

Yucca brevifolia var. jaegeriana

Dwarf Joshua tree

Yucca schidigera

Mojave yucca

Zigadenus sp.

Zygadene

Allium nevadense

Single-leaf onion

POACEAE

Achnatherum hymenoides

Indian ricegrass

Achnatherum speclosum

Desert needlegrass

*Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens

Red brome

*Bromus tectorum

Cheat grass

Erioneuron pulchellum

Fluffgrass

Muhlenbergia sp.

Muhly

Pleuraphis rigida

Big galleta

Poa sp.

Bluegrass

^Scientific names follow Hickman (1993).

‘’Common names follow Hickman (1993) or Jaeger (1969).

* Indicates a non-native (introduced) species.

'This list was compiled by PBS&J and Eremico during field surveys performed in April, May, and November 2001.

Literature Cited:

Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson manual; higher plants of California. Berkeley, California: University of California
Press. 1400 pp.

Jaeger, E. C. 1969. Desert wild flowers. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 322 pp.

C-7

Attachment D

Results of Plant Survey Transects

I

iri

it

i'i;

I.

Table la. Estimated Number of Cacti, Agave, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees that Occur in the Project Area (Transects 1 through 30 only)

Species Transect

o

SO

ri

oo

ri

rr

500-1,000

sC

SO

fO

rt

yr,

19

so

ON

ri

483

ooe

100-200

ITi

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yr,

Os

47

75

ri

ri

so

06c

80c

300-500

178

't

ri

ri

rf

rr

r--

ri

OO

300-500

kn

ITi

ri

ON

r-
r i

tr-j

ri

300-500

200

ri

-i-

ri

300-500

001

ro

ri

24

kn

300-500

Scientific Name Common Name

Mohave milk-vetch

Nye milk-vetch

New York Mountains catseye

Cottontop cactus

Hedpehog cactus

Mojave mound cactus

Beehive cactus

Mojave barrel cactus

Little fishhook cactus

Buckhom cholla

Beavertail cactus

Silver cactus

Mojave prickly pear

Utah agave

Banana yucca

Joshua tree

Mojave yucca

Utah juniper

Singleleaf pinyon

\Astra^alus mohavensis var. mohavensis

Astragalus nyensis

Ctyptantha tumulosa

Echinocactus polycephalus var.
polycephalus

Echinocereus engelmannii

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Escobaria vivipara ssp. desertii

Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei

Mammillaria tetrancistra

Opuntia acanthocarpa

Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris

Opuntia echinocarpa

Opuntia erinacea var. erinacea

Agave utahensis

Yucca baccata

Yucca brevifolia ( including var. brevifolia
and jaegeriana)

Yucca schidigera

Juniperus osteosperma

Finns monophylla

3

O

It

U

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Table la. Estimated Number of Cacti, Agave, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees that Occur in the Project Area (Transects 1 through 30 only)

Species Transect

’1’

ooe

r-'

901

o
r 1
-f

so

00

o

o

T

Cr,

r-

340

o

rY

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49

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30

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100-200

Scientific Name Common Name

Mohave milk-vetch

Nye milk-vetch

New York Mountains catseye

Cottontop cactus

Hedgehog cactus

Mojave mound cactus

Beehive cactus

Mojave barrel cactus

Little fishhook cactus

Buckhorn cholla

Beavertail cactus

Silver cactus

Mojave prickly pear

Utah agave

Banana yucca

Joshua tree

Mojave yucca

Lhah juniper

Singleleaf pinyon

Astragalus mohavensis var. moliavensis

lAstra^alus nvensis

-2

c

>•

2

5

K

c

u

Echinocactus polycephalus var.
pohcephalus

Echinocereus engelmannii

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Escobaria vivipara ssp. desertii

Eerocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei

Mammillaria tetrancistra

Opuntia acanthocarpa

Opuntia hasilaris var. basilaris

Opuntia echinocarpa

\Opuntia erinacea var. erinacea

§

S

ac

Yucca baccata

Yucca brevifolia (including var. brevifolia
and var. jaegeriana)

Yucca schidigera

Juniperus osteosperma

Pinus monophylla

Table la. Estimated Number of Cacti, Agave, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees that Occur in the Project Area (Transects 1 through 30 only)

Species Transect

<N

22

ro

ri

127

o

00

r-

f'-

fO

o

r 1

89

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00
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850-1.200

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O

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SC

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r-

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as

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T

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Scientific Name Common Name

Mohave milk-vetch

Nye milk-vetch

New York Mountains catseye

Cottontop cactus

Hedgehog cactus

Mojave mound cactus

Beehive cactus

Mojave barrel cactus

Little fishhook cactus

Buckhorn cholla

Beavertail cactus

Silver cactus

Mojave prickly pear

Utah agave

Banana yucca

Joshua tree

Mojave yucca

Utah juniper

Singleleaf pinyon

{Astragalus mohavensis var. mohavensis

Astragalus nyensis

Cryptantha tumulosa

Echinocactus polycephalus var.
poh'cephalus

Echinocereus engelmannii

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Escobaria vivipara ssp. desertii

Ferocactus cylindraceus var, lecontei

Mammillaria tetrancistra

Opuntia acanthocarpa

Opuntia basilaris var. basilaris

Opuntia echinocarpa

Opuntia erinacea var. erinacea

Agave utahensis

Yucca baccata

Yucca brevifolia (including var. brevifolia
and var. jaegeriana)

Yucca schidigera

Juniperus osteosperma

Finns inonophyila

TD

w

C

=J

O

o

o

c

II

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Table la. Estimated Number of Cacti, Agave, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees that Occur in the Project Area (Transects 1 through 30 only)

Species Transect

I ^ III — — I _ I I _ I

oc

ri

o

ri

79

NO

NO

ri

27

ri

ON

00

444

500-750

o

o

o

1,327

404

U

z

U

z

26

o

00

On

48

68

NO

00

o

ri

rr

O

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u

z

u

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25

068

001

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282

O

tT)

rr

o

O

tr*

X

o

O

o

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20-40

r-'

24

00

NO

rr

rr

23

c^

42

09

o

ri

’‘t

rr

NO

1,700

370

22 i

r-

rr

00

ri

NO

rr

I8c

yr,

oee

440

Scientific Name Common Name

Mohave milk-vetch

Nye milk-vetch

New York Mountains catseye

Cottontop cactus

Hedgehog cactus

Mojave mound cactus

Beehive cactus

Mojave barrel cactus

Little fishhook cactus

Buckhorn cholla

Beavertail cactus

Silver cactus

Mojave prickly pear

Utah agave

Banana yucca

Joshua tree

Mojave yucca

Utah juniper

Singleleaf pinyon

Astragalus mohaveusis var. mohavensis

\Astra^alus nvensis

Cryptantha tumulosa

Echinocactus polycephalus var.
polycephalus

Echinocereus engelmannii

Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Escobaria vivipara ssp. desertii

\Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei

\Mammillaria tetrancistra

Opuntia acanthocarpa

Opuntia hasilaris var. hasilaris

Opuntia echinocarpa

Opuntia erinacea var. erinacea

Agave utahensis

Yucca baccata

Yucca brevifolia (including var. brevifolia
and var. jaegeriana)

Yucca schidigera

Juniperus osteosperma

Finns inonophylla

I

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, '<

4

Table la. Estimated Number of Cacti, Agave, Yuccas, and Christmas (Evergreen) Trees that Occur in the Project Area (Transects 1 through 30 only)

Species Transect

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O.

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Attachment E

List of Wildlife Species

r-. *'

Attachment E

Wildlife Species Observed During Field Surveys
in the Table Mountain Project Area

Scientific Name^

Observed by Observed by

Common Name^ PBS&J*^ Others'^

Insecta

Insects

Papilio sp.

Swallowtail butterfly

X

Pogonomyrmex sp.

Harvester ant

X

Reptilia

Reptiles

Cnemidophorus tigris

Western whiptail

X

Cnemidophorus tigris tigris

Great Basin whiptail

X

Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus

Southwestern speckled rattlesnake

X

Crotaphytus insularis bicinctores

Collard lizard

X

Eumeces gilbert i rubiricaidatus

Gilbert skink

X

Gambelia wislizenii

Longnose leopard lizard

X

Gopherus agassizii

Desert tortoise

X

Masticophis flagellum piceus

Red racer

X

Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola

Great Basin gopher snake

X

Salvadora hexalepis

Western patch-nosed snake

X

Sauromalus obesus

Chuckwalla

X

Sceloporus magister

Desert spiny lizard

X

SceLoporus graciosus

Sagebrush lizard

X

Urosaurus graciosus

Long-tailed brush lizard

X

Urosaurus graciosus graciosus

Western brush lizard

X

Uta stansburiana

Side-blotched lizard

X

Aves

Birds

Aeronautes saxatalis

White-throated swift

X

X

Alectoris chukar

Chukar

X

X

Amphispiza belli

Sage sparrow

X

X

Amphispiza bilineata

Black-throated sparrow

X

X

Aquila chrysaetos

Golden eagle

X

Archilochus alezandri

Black-chinned hummingbird

X

X

Auriparus flaviceps

Verdin

X

Buteo jamalcensis

Red-tailed hawk

X

X

Callipepla gambelii

Gambel’s guail

X

X

Calypte costae

Costa’s hummingbird

X

X

Campylorhynchus brunnelcapillus

Cactus Wren

X

X

Carpodacus mexicanus

House finch

X

X

Cathartes aura

Turkey vulture

X

Catharus guttatus

Hermit thrush

X

Catharus ustulatus

Swainson’s thrush

X

Cat herpes mexicanus

Canyon wren

X

Charadrius vociferus

Killdeer

X

Chondestes grammacus

Lark sparrow

X

X

Chordilus acutipennis

Lesser nighthawk

X

Columba livia

Rock dove

X

Contopus sordidulus

Western-wood pewee

X

Corvus corax

Common raven

X

X

Dendroica petechia

Yellow warbler

X

Empidonax hammondii

Hammond’s flycatcher

X

Eremophila alpestris

Horned lark

X

E-l

1

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I , »

Observed by

Observed by

Scientific Name^

Common Name^

PBS&J*'

Others^

Falco sparverius

American kestrel

X

X

Guiraca cartulea

Blue grosbeak

X

Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus

Pinyon jay

X

X

Hirundo pyrrhonota

Cliff swallow

X

X

Hirundo rustica

Barn swallow

X

X

Icterus bullockii

Bullocks’s oriole

X

Icterus parisorum

Scott’s oriole

X

X

Junco hyemalls

Dark-eyed junco

X

Lanius ludovicianus

Loggerhead shrike

X

X

Melanerpes lewis

Lewis’ woodpecker

X

Mimus polyglottos

Northern mockingbird

X

X

Molothrus ater

Brown-headed cowbird

X

X

Myiarchus cinerascens

Ash-throated flycatcher

X

X

Oreoscoptes montanus

Sage thrasher

X

Passer domesticus

House sparrow

X

Phainopepla nitens

Phainopepla

X

X

Phalaenoptilus nuttallii

Common poorwill

X

X

Pheucticus melanocephalus

Black-headed grosbeak

X

Picoides scalaris

Ladder-backed woodpecker

X

X

Pipilo cholorurus

Green-tailed towhee

Piranga ludoviciana

Western tanager

X

Polioptila caerulea

Blue-gray gnatcatcher

X

X

Polioptila melanura

Black-tailed gnatcatcher

X

X

Pooecetes gramineus

Vesper sparrow

X

Psaltriparus minimus

Common bushtit

X

X

Quiscalus mexicanus

Great-tailed grackle

X

Regulus calendula

Ruby-crowned kinglet

X

Salpinctes obsoletus

Rock wren

X

X

Sayornis saya

Say’s phoebe

X

X

Splzella atrogularis

Black-chinned sparrow

X

Spizella brewed

Brewer’s sparrow

X

X

Sturnella neglecta

Western meadowlark

X

Sturnis vulgarus

European starling

X

Tachycineta bicolor

Violet-green swallow

X

X

Thryomanes bewickii

Bewick wren

X

X

Toxostoma crissale

Crissal thrasher

X

Toxostoma lecontei

Le Conte’s thrasher

X

Troglodytes aedon

House wren

X

Turdus migrated us

American robin

X

Tyrannus vedicalis

Western kingbird

X

X

Vermivora luciae

Lucy’s warbler

X

Vireo gilvus

Warbling vireo

X

Wilsonia pusilla

Wilson’s warbler

X

Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus

Yellow-headed blackbird

X

Zenaida macroura

Mourning dove

X

X

Zonotrichia leucophrys

White-crowned sparrow

X

Mammalia

Mammals

Ammospermophilus leucurus

Antelope ground sguirrel

X

Bassariscus astutus

Ringtail cat

X

Canis latrans

Coyote

X

Coynorhinus townsendii

Townsend’s big-eared bat

X

Dipodomys spp.

Kangaroo rats

X

Eguus caballus

Horse

X

X

Felis Rufus

Bobcat

X

Lepus calif ornicus

Black-tailed jackrabbit

X

E-2

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It

Scientific Name^

Common Name^

Observed by Observed by
PBS&j'" Others'"

Myotis californicua

California myotis

X

Myotis ciliolabrum

Small-footed myotis

X

Neotoma lepida

Desert woodrat

X X

Ovis Canadensis nelsonii

Desert bighorn sheep

X

SytvHagus audubonii

Desert cottontail

X

Thomomys bottae

Gopher

X

Vulpes macrotis arsipus

Desert kit fox

X

^ Scientific and common names follow: (1) for reptiles: Stebbins, R.C. (1985); (2) for mammals: Ingles, L.G. (1965); (3) for birds:
Pyle, P. (1997) and AOU (2000).

^ Species observed or identified by sign during field investigations conducted in April, May, and November 2001 by PBS&J and
Eremico.

Information provided by U.S. Bureau of Land Management 2001; Great Basin Bird Observatory 2001; U.S. Geological Survey
2001; Heindl 2001.

E-3

/

.1.. it

Appendix E

Biological Assessment

Table Mountain Wind Generating
Faciiity Ciark County, Nevada
Draft Biologicai Assessment

Prepared for

U.S. Bureau of Land Management
Las Vegas Field Office
4765 Vegas Drive
Las Vegas, Nevada 89018
BLM Case No. N-73726

On Behalf of

Table Mountain Wind Company, LLC
4225 Executive Square, Suite 950
La Jolla, California 92037

Prepared by
PBS&J

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89074

December 3, 2001

PBS&J Job No. 511339.00

Ji:--

Contents

I. Introduction I

1 . 1 Project Description I

2.0 Metliodology 1

2. 1 Literature Search and Agency Contacts I

2.2 Field Investigations I

3.0 Results 1

3.1 Existing Environment 1

3.1.1 Topography and Geology 1

3.1.2 Plant Communities 1

3.2 Eederal Threatened and Endangered Species 3

4.0 Environmental Impacts I

4.1 Direct Impacts on Desert Tortoise 1

4.2 Indirect Impacts on Desert Tortoise 1

5.0 Recommended Conservation and Recovery Measures 1

5. 1 Desert Tortoise Protection Education 1

5.2 Elagging Construction Boundaries 1

5.3 Tortoise Removal 2

5.4 Speed Limits and Signage 2

5.5 Trash and Litter Control 2

5.6 Spill Handling Procedures 2

5.7 Construction Methods 3

5.8 Construction Monitoring 3

5.9 Habitat Compensation 3

5.10 Reporting Requirements 3

6.0 References and Literature Cited 1

Figures

1 . Project Vicinity Map 1 -2

2. Proposed Action Site Location 1-3

3. Desert Tortoise Survey Transects in the Project Study Area 2-2

ii

V., "

i .

Tables

1. Temporary and Permanent Land Distnrbanees for Each of the Table Mountain Wind

Generating Facility Components 1-4

2. Relationship between Sign Count per Triangular-Strip Transect Survey, Sign Observed

per Acre, and Tortoise Density Estimates 3-4

3. Estimated Tortoise Density Ranges Related to Survey Results 3-4

4. Survey Results and Estimated Desert Tortoise Density Ranges Related to 100%

Coverage for the Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility 3-5

5. Estimated Desert Tortoise Population Density Ranges Related to Results of Triangle

Transect Surveys Conducted along the Transmission Line Corridor 3-5

6. Potential Disturbance of Desert Tortoise Habitat within the Table Mountain Wind

Generation Facility Project Area 4-1

Attachment A — Agency Correspondence

December 10, 2001 Draft Biological Assessment PBS^

III ^

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A

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■isifft

Acronyms

ac

acre

BA

Biological Assessment

BLM

U.S. Bureau of Land Management

ESA

Endangered Species Act of 1973

ft

foot (feet)

I- 15

Interstate 15

kV

kilovolt

kWh

kilowatt-hour

LOP

life of project

ni

meter

mi

mile(s)

MW

megawatt

NAC

Nevada Administrative Code

NDOW

Nevada Division of Wildlife

NNHP

Nevada Natural Heritage Program

NRS

Nevada Revised Statute

ROW

right-of-way

RRNCA

Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area

SH 161

State Highway 161

sq mi

square mile

T&E

threatened and endangered

TMWC

Table Mountain Wind Company, EEC

uses

U.S. Geological Survey

USEWS

U.S. Eish and Wildlife Service

VEA

Valley Electric Association

WOE

wind powered electric generation facility

WTG

wind turbine generator

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment

iv ^

14 <|i.

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1. INTRODUCTION

Under the provisions of the Hndangered Species Act of 1 973, as amended (ESA), federal agencies are
directed to conserve threatened and endangered (T&E) species and their habitats in which these species
occupy. Eederal agencies are to ensure that actions they authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to
jeopardize the continued existence of a species that is endangered, threatened, or proposed threatened or
endangered or critical habitat of such a species. This Biological Assessment (BA) provides the documentation
to meet federal requirements for the proposed federal action.

l. 1 Project Description

Table Mountain Wind Company, EEC (TMWC), a joint venture between Global Renewable Energy Partners,
Inc., (GREP) and Siemens Energy and Automation, Inc. is proposing to develop a nominal 150- to 205-
megawatt (MW) wind-powered electric generation facility ( WGE) and ancillary facilities on approximately
325 acres (ac) of public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) approximately 20 miles
(mi) southwest of Las Vegas, at the south end of the Spring Mountain Range. The site is accessible from
Interstate 15 (I-I5), State Highway 161 (SH 161 ), Sandy Valley Road, and an undedicated, unimproved road
known locally as Wilson Pass Road (Eigure 1).

These approximately 325 ac are within a 4,500-ac project area (Eigure 2) that is located in Section 13 of
Township 24 South, Range 57 East; Sections 5-8, 18, 1 9, 2 1 , 22, and 26-35 of Township 24 South, Range 58
East; and Sections 2-4, 10-12, 14-16, 22, and 23 of Township 25 South, Range 58 East, on the Cottonwood
Pass, Potosi, Shenandoah Peak, and Goodsprings U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute quadrangle
maps.

The federal action associated with the proposed development would be the issuance of the right-of-way
(ROW) grant by the BLM for construction, operation, and maintenance of the 150- to 205-MW WGE and
ancillary facilities, including a substation, distribution lines, access roads, and meteorological towers. The
ROW grant would have a 20-year term and could be renewed indefinitely. The life of project (LOP) is
assumed to be 20 years.

The purpose of the Proposed Action is to provide wind-generated electricity from a site in southern Nevada to
meet existing electricity needs and provide a reliable, economical, and environmentally acceptable energy
resource in the region.

The Proposed Action includes the construction of approximately 153 wind turbine generators (WTGs)
producing more than 460,000, OOO-kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity annually. Ninety-seven WTGs would
be constructed on Table Mountain, 36 WTGs would be constructed on Shenandoah Peak, and 20 WTGs
would be constructed north of Wilson Pass. The three electricity-generation areas would be linked by an
overhead 34.5-kilovolt (kV ) electric distribution line that would connect to a new substation. This substation
would be constructed at the juncture of Valley Electric Association’s (VEA’s) Mead-Pahrump 230-kV
transmission line and Sandy Valley Road. To access the WTGs, approximately 28 mi of access and service
roads would be improved or constructed.

Eourteen meteorological towers, each requiring a 3-foot (ft)-diameter disturbance resulting in a total of 0.0015

ac, would be installed throughout the project area prior to WTG construction. Meteorological towers, or
anemometers, record weather data necessary to determine the most efficient operational strategy for the WTG
arrays. All 14 towers will be located within the WTG corridor.

PBS^

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment

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HliimBblt-foiyabe
^NatlorikJ Forest

Henderson

Project Area

Boulder
City ,

Goodsprings

Primm

V T27S
^59E

Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility
Legend

Table Mountain Project Area

. Red Rock Canyon
\ National Conservation Area

Humbolt-Toiyabe
National Forest

I

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T26S:

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T23S

R5,7E

Cave Spring

T24S

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4 y^. -

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:fe9E

T23S'

R5^:E

’ ' Wilson PasSi

I Miles

Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility
Legend

I Table Mountain Project Area

Proposed Access and
Service Roads

Figure 2

Proposed Action
Site Location

PBS|

901 N. Green Valley Pkwy, Suite 100
Henderson. Nevada B9074-7105
Phone: 702/263-7275
Fax: 702/263-7200

12^/01 MC \\VEGAS-GlS\PtojectsMatteMtnWlndPwi\Figufe2.ni)ia

Table Moiaitain Wind Ceneraling Facility

1.0 Introduction

Once operational anti tiepentling on wind speeds and conditions, the WGF could run 24 hours per day, 365
days per year, and produce in excess of 46(),()()(),()()0 kWh of energy annually. The operation would require
support from approximately 10 to 20 full-time employees.

The Proposed Action is expected to temporarily disturb 754 ac of undeveloped land during the construction of
the project. Once project construction is complete, 449 ac of the temporary construction disturbance would be
re vegetated, and the remaining facility footprint would constitute a 325-ac permanent disturbance. Each of the
project components and their associated temporary and permanent disturbance are described in Table I.

Table 1. Temporary and Permanent Land Disturbances for Each of the Table Mountain Wind

Generating Facility Components.

Project Component

Amount of
Disturbance
per Project
Component

Number of
Project
Components

Subtotal of
Temporary
Disturbance
(ac)

Subtotal of
Permanent
Disturbance
(ac)

Wind turbine generator corridor

20 mi

—

483

170

Wind turbine generators

0.016 ac

153

(52r

(2.4)

Meteorological towers

0.0001 ac

14

(0.80)

(.002)

Underground utility line'’

19 mi

_

13.3

5.3

Service roads'’

20.4 mi

_

11.4

7.5

Access roads

8.0 mi

_

61

30

Overhead electric distribution
line

13.1 mi

160

96

Materials laydown

5 ac

3

15

6

Electric substation

10 ac

1

10

10

Total

754

325

a. The acreages shown in parentheses are included in the total acreage for the WTG string ROW and are shown here for informational purposes
only.

b. 16.8 mi of the underground lines fall within the WTG corridor and impacts are included in WTG corridor.

c. 17.3 mi of service roads lie within the WTG corridor and impacts are included in the WTG corridor.

PBS>?

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment
1-4

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2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Literature Search and Agency Contacts

A letter dated Mareh 1 , 2001 , was sent to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serviee (USFWS) requesting information
on threatened and endangered species that may occur in the Table Mountain project area. A USFWS response
letter (File No. I-5-0I-SP-464 and File No. 1-5-02-SP-433) dated March 14, 2001, and Decembers, 2001,
respectively, indicated that the federally listed threatened desert tortoise {Gopheriis agassizii) was the only
listed species that may occur in the vicinity of the proposed Table Mountain project (Attachment A).

Species information and distribution data provided by the Nevada Division of Wildlife (NDOW) and the
Nevada Natural Heritage Program (NNHP) were also evaluated for the project area. Specific sources included
contacts with Michael Burroughs of the Las Vegas Field Office of the USFWS and Pat Cummings of the
NDOW.

2.2 Field Investigations

Field surveys for the desert tortoise were conducted from May 7 through 10, 2001. Surveys along the
proposed turbine strings covered a 200-ft-wide corridor. A 100-ft-wide corridor was surveyed along the
proposed distribution line corridors. A 60- to 100-ft-wide corridor was surveyed for new road locations, and a
10-meter (m)-wide survey was conducted along the edges of existing roads proposed for widening. Each 5-ac
laydown area was surveyed to 100% coverage using 10-m-wide parallel pedestrian transects. On November
14, 16, and 1 7, 200 1 , field surveys were performed for the new access road to Shenandoah Peak and the new
10-ac substation location.

The USFWS-approved desert tortoise survey protocol was used to determine tortoise density in the project
area. Approximately 300 ac of project area occurring at or below 5,000 ft in elevation were surveyed to 100%
coverage for desert tortoise using 1 0-m-wide parallel pedestrian transects and 1 .5-mi triangular transects. The
locations of these linear and triangular tortoise survey transects are shown on Figure 3.

PBS^

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment
2-1

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3.0 RESULTS

3.1 Existing Environment

3.1.1 Topography and Geology

The proposed project area is undeveloped and generally undisturbed. The site is located within the Basin and
Range physiographic province in the Eastern Mojave Desert. The Basin and Range is characterized by
bedrock mountain ranges separated by broad alluvial valleys formed by normal and thrust faulting.

The majority of the project area is located above 4,500 ft above mean sea level; however, the elevation ranges
from approximately 3,780 ft north of Crystal Pass to 6,070 ft north of Wilson Pass. The topography ranges
from rolling to extremely steep with slopes that exceed 75% in some areas.

Geology at the site generally consists of well-consolidated sedimentary rock. Barren rock outcrops consisting
of limestone, basalt, and andesite are located on the ridges. Surrounding slopes consist of well-drained sandy
soils on erosional fan remnants; these are covered with a desert pavement of pebble and cobbles that overlay a
lime-cemented hardpan.

The climate is arid, accompanied by extreme temperatures ranging from 2()°F to more than 100°F. Overall
precipitation is very low, with erratic rainfall patterns that tend to be localized (Bradley and Deacon 1965).

3.1.2 Plant Communities

Four plant communities represented in the project area include blackbrush scnib, Mojave wash scrub, Mojave
creosote bush scrub, and pinyon-Juniper woodlands. The variation in the plant species throughout the project
area is related to the change in elevation, soil, topography, and drainage patterns. The topography ranges from
rolling to extremely steep with slopes that exceed 75% in some areas. The WTGs would be located primarily
along ridges to optimize the exposure to wind. Blackbrush scmb communities dominate these ridges. The four
plant communities occurring in the project area are discussed below.

Blackbrush Scrub

Blackbrush scrub dominates the proposed project area at elevations above 4,000 ft. It typically consists of
low, often intricately branched shrubs and occurs on dry, well-drained slopes and on flats that are shallow,
often calcareous, soils with very low water-holding capacity. The community is named for the shnib
blackbrush {Coleogyne nimosissima), which dominates this assemblage. Generally, this community type
occurs at elevations between 4,000 and 7,000 ft and often intergrades with Great Basin sagebrush scrub,
Joshua tree woodland, or pinyon-Juniper woodlands (Holland 1986). Within the project area, blackbrush scaib
occurs on the mountaintops, ridges, mountain slopes, and upper bajadas.

On Table Mountain, Joshua Irees {Yucca hrevifolia) and dwarf Joshua trees ( Yucca hrevifolia viw.jaegeriana)
are the most abundant canopy species. Dominant shrubs include blackbrush, Shockley goldenhead
{Acamptopappus shockleyi), desert tomato {Lycium andersonii), spiny menodora {Menodora spinescens),
Nevada ephedra (Ephedera nevadensis), prince’s plume {Stanleya pinnata), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex
canescens), cliff rose {Purshia mexicana), and winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata). The dominant
herbaceous species are California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum polifoUutn), skeleton weed {E.
deflexum var. deflexum), and woolly Hermann buckwheat {E. heernumnii var.Jloccosum). Mojave prickly
pear cactus {Opuntia erinacea var. erinacea), beehive cactus (Escoharia vivipam desertii), beavertail cactus
(Opuntia hasdaris var. hasdaris), and Mojave mound cactus (Echinocereus triglochidiatus) are the dominant
cacti.

PBSy?

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment

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Coinnioii shrubs along the Shenandoah Peak ridgeline are big sagebrush (Artemisia nidetitata), spiny
inenodora, and green ephedra (Ephedra viridis). On extensive slabs of limestone and exposed ridges, Utah
agave (A}>(tve iitalieiisis), yellow eryptantha eoiifertifolia), and cottontop cactus (Eehinoeaetus

ptdxcephalns var. polyeephalus) are common. On the slopes below the ridges and on the upper bajadas, the
community consists of a high tliversity of species, including Joshua tree, Mojave yucca ( Yucca schidigera),
banana yucca (Y. haccata), spiny menodora, desert tomato, Nevada ephedra, Shockley goldenhead,
cheesebnsh (Hymenoclea salsola), spiny hopsage (Grayia spinosa), and fonrwing saltbush.

North of Wilson Pass, Joshua tree, Mojave yucca, and banana yucca comprise the overstory. Dominant shrub
species include apache plume (Ealliigia parado.xa), and turpentine broom (Thamnosma montana), while
Parish golden-eye (Viguiera parishii), and California buckwheat dominate the herbaceous layer. Dominant
cacti include Mojave prickly pear and beehive cactus. This community intergrades with the pinyon-jiiniper
woodlands community at elevations above 5,600 ft near the northern terminus of the project area.

Mojave Creosote Bush Scrub

Mojave creosote bush scrub is a widespread plant community and the most common type found in the Mojave
Desert below about 4,000 ft (Holland 1986; Rowlands et al. 1982; Vasek and Barbour 1977). It is
characterized by widely spaced shrubs that are 2 to 8 ft tall. Creosote bush (Uirrea triderilata) and burro bush
(Ambrosia diimosa) often are the codominants in this community type. The proposed project area supports a
Mojave creosote bush scrub community at the lower elevations northeast of Table Mountain. These areas are
dominated by creosote bush, burro bush, Nevada ephedra, range ratany (Krameria panifolia), winterfat,
prince’s plume (Stanleya pinnala), red brome (Bromiis ruhens), desert larkspur (Delphinium parishii), and
globe mallow (Sphaeralcea amhigua). Mojave yucca and Joshua trees comprise the overstory. Cacti in these
areas include cottontop cactus (Eehinoeaetus polyeephalus), silver cholla (Opuntia echinoearpa), beavertail
cactus, Mojave prickly pear, and beehive cactus.

Mojave creosote bush scrub vegetation transitions to blackbrush scrub at elevations near 4,000 ft. The
replacement of white bursage by blackbrush typically demarcates this ecotonal boundary. This transitional
zone is comprised of plant species from both assemblages and includes, creosote bush, blackbrush, Joshua
tree, Mojave yucca, sweetbush (Behhia juneea), spiny menodora, desert tomato, Nevada ephedra, green
ephedra, Shockley goldenhead, cheesebnsh, spiny hopsage, fourwing saltbush, Pima ratany (Krameria
ereeta), burro bush, turpentine broom, Apache plume, Mojave sage (Salvia mohavensis), blue sage (Salvia
dorrii), desert marigold (Baileya multiradiata), and desert tobacco (Nicotiana ohtusifolia). In addition to the
cacti noted to occur in the creosote scrub community, species inhabiting the transitional zone include
hedgehog cactus (Eehinoeereus engelmannii) and barrel cactus (Eerocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei).

Mojave Wash Scrub

In the project area, the wash scrub community is generally composed of species from the adjacent
communities, but tends to have higher plant density and supports greater species diversity than the adjacent
areas. The wash scrub community occurs in Deadman’s Canyon, Keystone Wash, and the washes east and
northeast of Shenandoah Peak near Yellow Pine, Pilgrim, and Cosmopolitan mines. Common plants within
this community type include paper-bag bush (Salaz.aria me.xicana), cheesebnsh, blackbrush, Joshua tree,
Mojave yucca, green ephedra, desert tomato, Nevada ephedra, creosote bush, blue sage, apache plume,
match weed (Gutierrezia microcephala), desert almond, and scented beardtongue (Penstemon palmeri).
Common plants in the drainages include apache plume, desert almond (Primus faseiculata), and scented
beardtongue.

Pinyon-Juniper Woodland

Pinyon-juniper woodlands are open woodlands codominated by singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and
one of several species of juniper (Juniperus sp.), with an open shrubby understory of species commonly found

PBSj

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment
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in atljacenl comiminities. It occurs in desert niountain ranges, usually at elevations between 4,()()() and
8,()()() ft.

A small area of pinyon-juniper woodland occuned at the extreme northern end of the project area near Wilson
Pass and Mount Potosi. The vegetation in this area is dominated by singleleaf pinyon and Utah juniper
{Juniperiis osteospenmt). Dominant woody shrubs include blackbrush and cliff rose, and the herbaceous
vegetation includes California buckwheat.

3.2 Federal Threatened and Endangered Species

The desert tortoise is the only federal T&E species reported to occur in the project area, based on information
compiled from lists maintained by the USFWS and the NNHP.

Desert Tortoise

On April 2, 1990, the USFWS listed the Mojave desert tortoi.se (Gophenis agassizii) population as threatened
as a result of significant population decline and habitat loss, thereby bringing it under full protection of the
ESA, as amended. In Nevada, the desert tortoise has been categorized as “protected” pursuant to Nevada
Revised Statute (NRS) 501.1 10 and Nevada Administrative Code (NAC) 503.080 and 503.090. Critical
habitat for the desert tortoise was designated on March 10, 1994 (59 Federal Register 5820). Designated
critical habitat for the desert tortoise does not occur in the project area.

The desert tortoise occurs on arid lands, typically in association with low desert creosote bush scrub
communities. These communities are dominant below elevations of 5,000 ft and are characterized by
perennial shrubs, creosote bush, bursage, Joshua trees, cacti, grass, and a large variety of other perennial and
annual plants. Preferred desert tortoise habitat includes scattered shrubs and a sufficient herbaceous
understory layer to provide food and water needs. The desert tortoise occurs most often on Oats and bajadas
characterized by sandy to sandy-gravelly soils, but may also occur on slopes and in rocky soils.

Results of all surveys completed for this project were calculated based upon the linear regression model
created by Berry and Nicholson ( 1984) and amended by the Las Vegas District of BLM (based on work by
Karl 1 19801) because the original model is believed to overestimate tortoise population densities in Nevada
(Table 2 and Table 3). Therefore, the Nevada figures were used to estimate tortoise densities for this survey
(Table 4 and Table 5).

A total of 34 tortoise sign (burrows, tracks, live tortoises, scat or droppings, skeletal parts, or carcasses) were
observed within the approximately 300-ac area that was surveyed. Consideration of only total sign would
result in overestimation of tortoise population densities; therefore, total sign was adjusted to account for sign
clearly attributable to the same tortoise. Corrected sign was 33. Survey results demonstrate that desert tortoise
population densities range from very low to low in the project area.

PBS^

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment
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Table 2. Relationship between Sign Count per Triangular-Strip Transect Survey, Sign Observed

per Acre, and Tortoise Density Estimates.

Number of Corrected Sign/Triangle
Transect

Density Range

California^

Nevada*”

Regression

Equation

California”” 1

Nevada*”

0

1

0

0-20

0-10

1-3

1-3

8-15

20-50

10-45

4-9

—

26-81

50-100

-

—

4-7

—

_

45-90

10-15

—

92-148

100-250

—

—

8-11

—

—

90-40

15+

—

159+

250+

—

—

12+

-

140+

a. Source: Berry and Nicholson (1984). Regression equation used:

Tortoises per square mile ( sq mi) (640 ac) = 4[(CS-1 .68)/0.35], where CS = corrected sign.

b. From information developed by the Las Vegas District of BLM (based on work by Karl [1980]). Density ranges were developed for the Las Vegas
District of BLM because it was believed that estimated ranges for California overestimated actual tortoise population densities in Nevada.

Table 3. Estimated Tortoise Density Ranges Related to Survey Results.

Number of Corrected Sign
per Triangular-Strip Transect

Corrected Sign
per Acre^

Nevada Range
(Number per sq mi)

Relative Density

0

0

0-10

Very Low

1-3

0.1 -0.5

10-45

Low

4-7

0.6-1. 1

45-90

Moderate

8-11

1.3-1. 8

90-40

High

12+

1.9+

140+

Very High

a. Based on an approximation of 6 ac surveyed during a typical triangular survey.

PBSj

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment

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Table 4. Survey Results and Estimated Desert Tortoise Density Ranges Related to 100% Coverage

for the Table Mountain Wind Generating Facility.

Site

Area

Surveyed

(ac)

Burrows^

Scat

Carcass'*

Total

Sign

Corrected

Sign

Corrected
Sign per Acre

Density

Estimates'

Relative

Density'

Wilson pass
lay down
area

5.7

-

-

-

0

0

0

0-10

Very Low

Original
Shenandoah
lay down
area

5.7

-

-

-

0

0

0

0-10

Very Low

New

Shenandoah
lay down
area

5.0

2

-

-

2

1

0.20

10-45

Low

Original

substation

location

11.2

1

-

-

1

1

0.09

10-45

Very Low

New

substation

location

10.0

-

-

1

1

1

0.10

10-45

Low

Table

Mountain lay
down area

5.7

-

-

-

0

0

0

0-10

Very Low

Access

roads

136.4

9

2

3

14

14

0.10

10^5

Low

Tower array

81.0

11

2

1

14

14

0.17

10-45

Low

Total

260.7

23

4

4

32

31

0.15

10-45

Low

a. Burrows also include caves and rock or caliche dens. Tortoise burrows currently active, recently active, and/or in good, fair, and poor conditions
were used in these calculations (Murphy 2000).

b. Carcasses include bones, scutes, plastrons, and shells.

c. Tortoise population densities based on Tables 1 and 2.

Table 5. Estimated Desert Tortoise Population Density Ranges Related to Results of Triangle
Transect Surveys Conducted along the Transmission Line Corridor.

Transecf

Area

Surveyed

(ac)

Burrows” Scat

Live

Tortoise

Total

Sign

Corrected

Sign

Tortoises
(sq mi')

Relative

Density'

1

6 ac

_ _

_

_

0-10

Very Low

2

6 ac

— _

_

_

_

0-10

Very Low

3

6 ac

_

_

_

_

0-10

Very Low

4

6 ac

2

_

2

2

10-45

Low

5

6 ac

_ _

_

_

0-10

Very Low

Total

30 ac

2

_

2

2

0-10''

Very Low'*

a. Based on an approximation of 6 ac surveyed during a typical triangle survey.

b. Burrows also include caves and rock cr caliche dens. Burrows definitely attributable to desert tortoise were considered in these
calculations.

c. Tortoise population densities based on Tables 1 and 2.

d. Two corrected sign per 30 ac surveyed using this methodology = 0.7 sign/ac = very low tortoise population density (Table 3).

PBSj

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment

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4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Potential direct impacts on biological resources are associated with construction activity and the associated
loss of habitat and effects on individual animals. Potential indirect impacts from construction and operation of
the proposed project include increased levels of noise, night lighting, increased levels of traffic, increased
human presence, illegal dumping, and illegal collection of species.

4.1 Direct Impacts on Desert Tortoise

While most of Clark County is considered desert tortoise habitat, tortoise population densities within the
Proposed Action area ranges from low to very low. Direct impacts on the desert tortoise resulting from
constaiction activity would include removal of habitat, loss or displacement of habitat features such as cover
and forage, and crushing and/or loss of individual animals. The Proposed Action would result in the total
disturbance of approximately 270 ac of tortoise habitat as described in Table 6. Permanent impacts on tortoise
habitat would total approximately I lO ac.

Since the proposed project “may affect” the desert tortoise, remuneration fees would likely be required for
impacts on desert tortoise habitat. In accordance with the Desert Conservation Plan, mitigation fees of $623
per ac (adjusted to year 200 1 ) of disturbance to tortoise habitat on BLM land would be paid by TMWC to
Clark County. This project would disturb 270 ac of desert tortoise habitat, for a total of $168,210, if paid in
the year 2001 .

4.2 Indirect Impacts on Desert Tortoise

Indirect impacts associated with operation activities include indirect degradation of habitat due to soil
disturbance, habitat fragmentation, increased human activity, and a greater risk of predation on juveniles by
raptors that would use the distribution line structures for perching sites.

Potential indirect impacts associated with construction of the facility include increased levels of noise, traffic,
equipment movement, and improved access and could result in increased opportunities for illegal collection.

Table 6. Potential Disturbance of Desert Tortoise Habitat within the Table Mountain Wind

Generation Facility Project Area.

Project Component

Subtotal of Permanent Disturbance
(ac)

Wind turbine generator corridor

116

Wind turbine generators

(2.0)"

Meteorological towers

(0.0014)

Underground utility line

O.O*’

Service roads

(5)

Access roads

30

Overhead electric distribution line

101

Materials laydown

6

Electric substation

10

Total

270

a. Acreages in parentheses are included in the total acreage for the WTG corridor and shown (or informational purposes only.

b. 17 of the 21 total mi of underground lines fall wifhin the WTG corridor and impacts are included in the WTG corridor.

PBS^

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment
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5.0 RECOMMENDED CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY MEASURES

Conservation and recovery measures, approved by the federal agencies, would be incorporated into the
project to minimize direct and indirect impacts to acceptable levels or to prevent these impacts altogether.
These measures would be implemented, upon USFWS approval, before proceeding with earthmoving and
construction activities. Implementation of these measures would reduce the potential to adversely affect the
desert tortoise.

Conservation and recovery measures recommended for this project are based on biological opinions rendered
by USFWS on other projects affecting desert tortoise. All temporary disturbances will require restoration
efforts consistent with the BUM Las Vegas Field Office draft restoration plan. This restoration plan outlines
restoration techniques based on habitat sensitivity and degree of disturbance. Other mitigation measures will
include:

• Desert tortoise protection education

• Flagging construction boundaries

• Tortoise removal

• Speed limits and signage

• Trash and litter control

• Spill handling procedures

• Construction methods

• Construction monitoring

• Signage

• Habitat compensation

• Reporting requirements.

5.1 Desert Tortoise Protection Education

A desert tortoise education program would be presented to all personnel on-site during construction and
operation of the proposed project. This program would contain information concerning the biology and
distribution of the desert tortoise, its legal status and occurrence in the proposed project area, the definition of
“take” and associated penalties, measures designed to minimize the effects of construction activities, the
means by which employees can help facilitate this process, and reporting procedures to be implemented when
desert tortoises are encountered.

5.2 Flagging Construction Boundaries

All areas to be disturbed would have boundaries flagged before beginning the activity, and all disturbances
would be confined to the flagged areas. All project personnel would be instmeted that their activities must be
confined to locations within the flagged areas. Disturbance beyond the actual construction zone is prohibited.

FBS^

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment

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5.0 Recommended Con.se n ation and Recovery Methods

5.3 Tortoise Removal

Before surface-disturbing activities within tortoise habitat begin (below an elevation of 5,000 ft), aqualified
biologist would conduct a clearance survey to locate and remove tortoises using techniques providing full
coverage of all areas. Two complete passes of complete coverage would be accomplished. All desert tortoise
burrows, and other species’ burrows that may be used by tortoises, would be examined to determine
occupancy of each burrow by desert tortoises.

All burrows found within areas proposed for disturbance, whether occupied or vacant, would be excavated by
a qualified biologist and collapsed or blocked to prevent desert tortoise reentry. All burrows would be
excavated with hand tools to allow removal of desert tortoises or desert tortoise eggs. All desert tortoise
handling and burrow excavations, including nests, would be conducted by a qualified desert tortoise biologist
in accordance with USFWS -approved protocol (Desert Tortoise Council 1994, revised 1999).

All located desert tortoises and desert tortoise eggs would be relocated off-site 300 to 1 ,000 ft into adjacent
undisturbed habitat. Tortoises found aboveground would be placed under a marked bush in the shade. A
tortoise located in a burrow would be placed in an existing unoccupied burrow of the same size and
orientation as the one from which it was taken. If a suitable natural burrow is unavailable, a qualified biologist
would construct one of the same size and orientation as the one from which it was removed using the protocol
for burrow construction in Section B-5-f (Desert Tortoise Council 1994, revised 1999). Any tortoise found
within 1 hour before nightfall would be placed in a separate clean cardboard box and held overnight in a cool
and predator-free location. The box would be covered and kept upright at all times to minimize stress to the
tortoise. Each box would be used once and then disposed of properly. The tortoise would be released the next
day in the same area from which it was collected and using the procedures described above. Each tortoise
would be handled with new disposable latex gloves. After use, the gloves would be properly discarded and a
fresh set would be used for each subsequent tortoise handling.

5.4 Speed Limits and Signage

Vehicles shall not exceed 25 mi per hour on access roads during periods of highest tortoise activity (March 1
through November 1 ). Speed limit signage would be installed. Caution signs indicating the presence of desert
tortoise would be posted at the beginning of the access road, midway to the project, and at the project site
entrance. Qualified on-site biologists would monitor speed limit compliance during construction.

5.5 Trash and Litter Control

Trash and food items would be disposed of promptly in predator-proof containers with resealing lids. Trash
includes, but is not limited to, cigarettes, cigars, gum wrappers, tissue, cans, paper, and bags. Trash containers
would be emptied daily, and waste would be removed from the area and disposed of in an approved off-site
landfill. Trash removal would reduce the attractiveness of the area to opportunistic predators such as desert kit
fox, coyotes, and common ravens. Construction waste including, but not limited to, broken parts, wrapping
material, cords, cables, wire, rope, strapping, twine, buckets, metal or plastic containers, boxes, and welding
rods would be removed from the site daily and disposed of properly.

5.6 Spill Handling Procedures

All fuel, transmission or brake fluid leaks, or other hazardous waste leaks, spills, or releases would be
reported immediately to a designated environmental supervisor. The environmental supervisor shall be
responsible for spill material removal and disposal to an approved off-site landfill and possibly notifying the
appropriate federal agency.

PBS^

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment
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5.0 Recommended Consen’ation and Recovery Methods

5.7 Construction Methods

The following construction methods would be implemented;

• Cross-country travel and travel outside construction zones would be prohibited.

• Stockpile sites, turnaround areas, and staging areas would be located on previously disturbed areas to the
greatest extent feasible.

• Open trenches or holes that pose a tortoise entrapment and injury risk would be capped and/or escape
ramps would be located not less than every 1,000 ft.

• Stockpiled pipes that could attract tortoises would be capped or checked by a biological monitor before
use.

• Antiperching devices would be installed on transmission towers to reduce avian predation on juvenile
tortoises.

5.8 Construction Monitoring

During construction activities, qualified on-site biologists would monitor for tortoises and move them if
necessary, provide instruction as needed, and monitor and report on compliance.

5.9 Habitat Compensation

In accordance with the Desert Conservation Plan, mitigation fees of $623 per ac of disturbance to tortoise
habitat on BLM land would be paid by TMWC to Clark County. This project would disturb 270 ac of tortoise
habitat, for a total of $168,210, if paid in the year 2001 . This cost would be indexed for inflation, and it would
be adjusted for the year the right-of-way is approved.

5.10 Reporting Requirements

The on-site biologist would record each observation of desert tortoise handled. Information would include the
following: location, date and time of observation, whether the tortoise was handled, the general health of the
tortoise and whether it voided its bladder, the location the tortoise moved from and the location it moved to,
and unique physical characteristics. Reports documenting effectiveness and compliance with the tortoise
protection measures would be prepared every 6 months. A final report would be reviewed and approved by
the BLM and then submitted to USFWS within 90 days of completion of construction.

PBS^

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment

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6.0 REFERENCES AND LITERATURE CITED

Berry, K. H., and L. L. Nicholson. 1984. The distribution and density of desert tortoise populations in
California in the 197()s. In The status of the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the United States,
edited by K. H. Berry. Desert Tortoise Council Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Pp. 26-60.

Bradley, Glen W., and Janies E. Deacon. 1965. The biotic communities of Southern Nevada. Preprint No. 9,
Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada.

Desert Tortoise Council. 1994, revised 1999. Guidelines for handling desert tortoises during construction
projects, edited by Edward LaRue, Jr. Wrightwood, California.

Holland, R. E. 1986. Preliminary descriptions of the terrestrial natural communities of California. California
Department of Pish and Game.

Karl, A. 1980. Distribution and relative densities of the desert tortoise in Nevada. Proceedings of the 5th
Annual Meeting of Desert Tortoise Council, pp. 75-87.

Murphy, K. 2000. Telephone communication between K. Murphy (Wildlife Biologist), BLM, and B. Sisler,
PBS&J, regarding the classification of tortoise burrows and tortoise density calculations. 3 November.

Rowlands, P.G., H. Johnson, E. Ritter, and A. Endo. 1 982. The Mojave desert. In Reference Handbook on the
Deserts of North America, edited by G. L. Bender. Westport, Connecticut and London, England:
Greenwood Press.

Vasek, Frank C., and Michael G. Barbour 1977. Mojave desert scrub vegetation. In Terrestrial vegetation of
California, edited by M. G. Barbour and J. Major. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Pp.

835-67.

December 10, 2001

Draft Biological Assessment
6-1

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Attachment A
Agency Correspondence

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United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
NEVADA FISH AND WILDLIFE OFFICE
1340 FINANCIAL BOULEVARD, SUITE 234
RENO, NEVADA 89502

December 5, 2001
File No. 1-5-02-SP-433

Ms. Kelly Shook
PBS&J

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89014-6139

Dear Ms. Shook:

Subject: Updated Species List for the Proposed Table Mountain Wind Power

Project in the Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada

This responds to your letter we received on December 4, 2001, requesting an updated list of
threatened and endangered species and species of concern that may occur in the subject project
area. The list we previously provided to you on March 14, 2001, has not changed. We are
enclosing the list with our letter. This fulfills the requirement of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (Service) to provide information on threatened and endangered species pursuant to
section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, for projects that are authorized,
funded, or earned out by a Federal agency. Please reference the species list file number shown
above in all subsequent correspondence concerning this project.

Please contact Jeri Krueger of the Southern Nevada Field Office at 702-647-5230, if you have
questions regarding the enclosed list.

Sincerely,

Robert D. Williams
Field Supervisor

Enclosure

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ENCLOSURE A

LISTED SPECIES AND SPECIES OF CONCERN
THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF
THE PROPOSED TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT,

SPRING MOUNTAINS,

CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

File Number: 1-5-02-SP-433
December 5, 2001

Listed Species

Reptile

Desert tortoise (T) Gopherus agassizii

T = Tlireatened

Species of Concern

Birds

Western burrowing owl

Olive-sided flycatcher

Gray flycatcher

American peregrine falcon

Phainopepla

Mammals

Pale Townsend’s big-eared bat

Spotted bat

Greater western mastiff bat

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Athene cunicularia hypugea
Contopus borealis

Empidonax wrightii

Falco peregrinus anatum
Phainopepla nitens

Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens
Euderma maculatum

Eumops perotis californicns
Idionycteris phyllotis

California leaf-nosed bat

Macrotus californicns

Small-footed myotis

Myotis ciliolabrutn

Long-eared myotis

Myotis evotis

Fringed myotis

Myotis thysanodes

Long-legged myotis

Myotis volans

Yuma myotis

Myotis yumanensis

Big free-tailed bat

Nyctinomops macrotis

Reptiles

Banded Gila monster

Heloderma suspectum cinctiim

Chuckwalla

Sauromalus obesus

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ENCLOSURE A (cont)

File Number: 1-5-02-SP-433
December 5, 2001

Invertebrates

Spring Mountains acastus checkerspot butterfly

Dark blue butterfly

Morand’s checkerspot butterfly

Spring Mountains comma skipper

Charleston ant

Nevada admiral butterfly

Spring Mountains icarioides blue butterfly

Spring Mountains blue butterfly

Spring Mountains springsnail

Carole’s silverspot butterfly

Plants

Rough angel iea
Black woolypod
Halfring milkvetch
Spring Mountains milkvetch
Smooth dwarf greasebush
Dwarf greasebush
Jaeger ivesia

Yellow twotone beardtongue
Death Valley beardtongue
Utah spikemoss

Chlosyne acastus rohusta
Enphilotes enoptes purpurea
Euphydryas a?iicia morandi
Hesperia comma mojavenis
Lasius nevcidensis
Limenitus weidemeyerii nevadae
Plehejus icarioides austinorum
Plebejus shasta charlestone?isis
Pyrgulopsis deaconi
Speyeria zerene carolae

Angelica scabrida

Astragalus funereus

Astragalus mohavensis var. hemigyrus

Astragalus remotus

Glossopetalon pungens var. glabra

Glossopetalon pungens var. pungens

Ivesia jaegeri

Penstemon bicolor ssp. bicolor
Penstemon fruticiformis ssp. amargosae
Selaginella utahensis

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RECEiVED

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United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
NEVADA FISH AND WILDLIFE OFFICE

1340 FINANCIAL BOULEVARD, SUITE 234
RENO, NEVADA 89502

March 14, 2001
File No. 1-5-01 -SP-464

Ms. Kelly Shook
PBS&J '

901 North Green Valley Parkway, Suite 100
Henderson, Nevada 89014-6139

Dear Ms. Shook;

Subject. Species List for the Proposed Table Mountain Wind Power Project in the
Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada

This responds to your letter dated March 1, 2001, requesting information on threatened and
endangered species that may occur in the subject project area. Enclosure A lists the threatened
and endangered species that may be present within the proposed project site. This ftilfills the
requirement of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) to provide information on threatened
and endangered species pursuant to section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended, for projects that are authorized, funded, or carried out by a Federal agency. Please
reference the species list file number shown above in all subsequent correspondence concerning
this project.

Enclosure A also lists the species of concern to the Service that may occur in the project area.

The Service has used information from State and Federal agencies and private sources to assess
the conservation needs and status of these species. Further biological research and field study are
needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa. One potential benefit of considering
these species during project planning, is that by exploring alternatives early in the planning
process, it may be possible to provide long-term conservation benefits for these species and
avoid future conflicts that could otherwise develop.

We also recommend that you contact the Nevada Natural Heritage Program (1550 East College
Parkway, Suite 145, Carson City, Nevada 89710, 775-687-4245) and the appropriate regional
office ot the Nevada Division of Wildlife, as well as other local, State, and Federal agencies, for
distribution data and inlonnation on conserv'ation needs for these and other species of concern
that may occur in your project area. Potential impacts to species of concern should be considered
during the environmental documentation process.

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Ms. Kelly Shook

File No. 1-5-01-SP-464

The proposed project may necessitate the removal of vegetation during construction. We
recommend vegetation clearing (or other surface disturbance) be timed to avoid potential
destmction of active bird nests or young of birds that breed in the area. Such destruction may be
in violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (15 U.S.C. 701-71 8h). Under this act, active nests
(nests with eggs or young) of migratoi'y birds may not be banned, nor may migrator)' birds be
killed. Therefore, we recommend that land clearing be conducted outside the avian breeding
season. If this is not feasible, we recommend that a qualified biologist surv'ey the area prior to
land clearing. If active nests are located, or if other evidence of nesting (mated pairs, territorial
defense, carrying nesting material, transporting food) is observed, a protective buffer (the size
depending on the requirements of the species) should be delineated and the entire area avoided to
prevent destmction or disturbance to nests until they are no longer active.

We are concerned with the possible effects of wind power turbines on migratory birds, especially
in areas such as the Spring Mountains where forested landscapes and cooler climates may be
particularly attractive to birds. Impacts to migratory birds from operation of wind power turbines
should be considered during the environmental assessment process, as well as alternatives for
location, design, and operation of this facility that may reduce potential impacts to migratory
birds.

Please contact Jeri Kmeger of the Southern Nevada Field Office, at 702-647-5230 if you have
questions regarding the enclosed list.

^ Robert D. Williams
Field Supervisor

Enclosure

2

ENCLOSURE A

LISTED SPECIES AND SPECIES OF CONCERN
THAT MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF
THE PROPOSED TABLE MOUNTAIN WIND POWER PROJECT,

SPRING MOUNTAINS,

CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA

File Number: 1-5-01-SP-464
March 14, 2001

Listed Species

Reptile

Desert tortoise (T) Gophems agassizii

E = Endangered; T = Threatened

Species of Concern

Birds

Western burrowing owl
Olive-sided flycatcher
Gray flycatcher
American peregrine falcon
Phainopepla

Mammals

Pale Townsend’s big-eared bat
Spotted bat

Greater western mastiff bat
Allen’s big-eared bat
California leaf-nosed bat
Small-footed myotis
Long-eared myotis
Fringed myotis
Long-legged myotis
Yuma myotis
Big free-tailed bat

Reptiles

Banded Gila monster
Chuckwalla

Athene cunicularia hypugea
Contopus borealis
Etnpidonax wrightii
Falco peregrinus anatum
Phainopepla nitens

Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens

Eiiderma maculatum

Eumops perotis californicus

Idionycteris phyllotis

Macrotus californicus

Myotis ciliolabrum

Myotis evotis

Myotis thysanodes

Myotis VO Ians

Myotis yiimanensis

Nyctinomops macrotis

Heloderma suspectum cinctum
Sauromalus obesus

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ENCLOSURE A (cont)

File Number: 1-5-01-SP-464
March 14, 2001

Invertebrates

Spring Mountains acastus checkerspot butterfly

Dark blue butterfly

Morand’s checkerspot butterfly

Spring Mountains comma skipper

Charleston ant

Nevada admiral butterfly

Spring Mountains icarioides blue butterfly

Spring Mountains blue butterfly

Spring Mountains springsnail

Carole’s silverspot butterfly

Chlosyne acastus robusta
Euphilotes enoptes purpurea
Euphydryas anicia morandi
Hesperia comma mojavenis
Lasius nevadensis
Limenitus weidemeyerii nevadae
Plebejus icarioides austinorum
Plebejus shasta charlestonensis
Pyrgidopsis deaconi
Speyeria zerene carolae

Plants

Rough angelica
Black woolypod
Halfring milkvetch

Spring Mountains milkvetch
Smooth dwarf greasebush
Dwarf greasebush
Jaeger ivesia

Yellow twotone beardtongue
Death Valley beardtongue

Utah spikemoss

Angelica scabrida
Astragalus funereus
Astragalus mohavensis var.
hemigynis
Astragalus remotus
Glossopetalon pungens var. glabra
Glossopetalon purigens var. pungens
Ivesia jaegeri

Penstemon bicolor ssp. bicolor
Penstemon fruticiformis ssp.
amargosae
Selaginella utahensis

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