Unclassified-FBIS Daily Report-China

DAILY REPORT

China

Vol I No 039

PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFATRS
GENERAL

PRC Supports UN Resolutions on DRA, Kampuchea
Further on Multination Talks in New Delhi
Adoption of Document Noted
Correspondent on Conference

UNITED STATES
Haig, Weinberger Policy Differences Viewed
NORTHEAST ASIA

Development of DPRK-ASEAN Relations Noted
Issues in Japanese Defense Policy Examined

SOUTHEAST ASIA & PACIFIC

Visit of U.S. Official to Vietnam Reported
Commentary Hits VNA Rejection of Thai Charges
AFP: Son Sann Agrees to ‘Separate Meetings’

EASTERN EUROPE

RENMIN RIBAO Comments on Yugoslav Elections
[15 Feb]
Romanian Trade Delegation Concludes Visit

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

Further on Moroccan Prime Minister's Visit
Zhao Attends Banquet
Cultural Agreement Signed
Morocco's Third World Contributions Assessed
Algerian Air Force Delegation Concludes Visit

PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

RENMIN RIBAO Editorial Stresses Planned Econo y

[24 Feb]
RENMIN RIBAO on Cadres' Need To Study Theory [23 Feb]
CCP Unit, Others Issue Courtesy Month Circular
State Farms Work Meeting Held in Beijing
Geng Biao Addresses Civil Aviation Work Meeting
RENMIN RIBAO on Basis for Literary Works [17 Feb]

26 February 1982

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WENYI BAO Discusses Demands on Literature, Art
1? Jan,

Bai Hua Discusses Errors in ‘Unrequited Love'
[WENYI BAO 7 Jan}

RENMIN RIBAO on Chinese, Western Feudal Society
[15 Feb]

CHINA DAILY Reprints Article on Autonomy Policy
[26 Feb]

PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
EAST REGION

Xiang Nan, Others Attend Fuzhou PLA Meeting
Xiang Nan at Fujian Meeting of Party Secretaries
FUJIAN RIBAO Commentator on Self-Criticism
[14 Feb]
FUJIAN RIBAO on Abuses in Securing Exit Permits
[12 Feb]
Jiangsu Meeting Urges Combating Economic Crimes
Jiangsu CCP Holds United Front Work Meeting
Jiangxi: Fulfillment of Sowing Plans Discussed
JIEFANG RIBAO Stresses Efforts in Agriculture
[18 Feb]

SOUTHWEST REGION

Guizhou Governor's Work Report to Congress
SICHUAN RIBAO on Financial, Economic Discipline
{23 Feb]
Briefs: Sichuan Seminar; Sichuan
Methane Production

NORTH REGION

Zhou Hui Views 1982 Tasks in Nei Monggol
Nei Monggol Urges Developing Livestock, Forestry
Nei Monggol CYL Conference on Civility Campaign
Briefs: Nei Monggol 1981 Revenue; Nei

Monggol Grain Production;

Nei Monggol Transportation

NORTHEAST REGION

Jilin Issues Rules on Improving Work Efficiency
Protection of Jilin Transmission Lines Urged
Liaoning Urges Protecting Transmission Lines

NORTHWEST REGION

NINGXIA RIBAO Urges Preparations for Census

[9 Feb]
QINGHAI RIBAO Urges Learning From Advanced
Qinghai Sponsors Forum on Vegetable Production
Shaanxi: Ma Wenrui on Planned Parenthood Problem

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PRC MEDIA ON TAIWAN AFFAIRS
CPPCC Member on U.S. Visit, Taiwan Arms Sales
Taiwan Press Articles on Spring Festival Viewed

Fujian Marks Anniversary of Recovery of Taiwan

HONG KONG MEDIA ON CHINA

TA KUNG PAO on U.S. Human Rights Policy, Taiwan
{25 Feb!
WEN WEI PO Interviews PRC Petroleum Official
Part I [14 Feb]
Part II [15 Feb]

CHINA

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I. 26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Al
GENERAL

PRC SUPPORTS UN RESOLUTIONS ON DRA, F AMPUCHEA

-_-

OW260326 Beijing XINHUA in English 0220 GMT 26 Feb 82

{Text] Geneva, February 25 (XINHUA) -- The U.N. Commission on Human Rights today adopted
two resolutions condemning the Soviet i..vasion of Afghanistan and Vietnamese occupation
of Kampuchea and their denial of the Afghan and Kampuchean peoples’ right to self-
determination.

The resolution on Afghanistan notes that the international community has expressed increas-
ing concern over the continued foreign armed intervention in Afghanistan and serious
sufferings of the Afghan people and over the magnitude of social and economic problems
posed to Pakistan and Iran by the presence on their soil of millions of Afghan refugees

and the continuing increase in their numbers.

"The people of Af istan continue to be denied their right to self-determination and
to determine th wn form of government and to choose their economic, political and
social svst » from outside intervention, subversion, coercion or constraint of any

kind what oi, it says.

The resolution calls for the immediate withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan and
for a political settlement of the situation on the basis of the withdrawal of foreign
troops and full respect for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and
non-aligned status of Afghanistan and strict observance of the principle of non-
intervention and non-interference.

The resolution on Kampuchea says, ''The withdrawal of all foreign forces from Kampuchea,
the restoration and preservation of Kampuchea's independence, sovereignty and territorial
integrity, the right of the Kampuchean people to determine their own Jestiny and the
commitment by all states to non-interference and non-intervention in the internal affairs
of Kampuchea are the principal components of any just and lasting resolution to the
Kampuchean problem"

"The primary violation of human rights in Kampuchea at present is the persistence of
foreign occupation which prevents the people of Kampuchea from exeicisirnge their right to
self-determination," it notes.

The resolution calls for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of foreign forces

from Kampuchea in order to allow the people of Kampuchea to exercise their fundamental
freedom and human rights, including the right to decide their own future through free and
fair elections under the United Nations supervision without outside interference, subversion
or coercion.

32 countries, including China, voted in favour of the resolution on Afghanistan while
seven, including the Soviet Union, voted against, with four abstentions. The resolution
on Kampuchea was adopted with 28 votes, including China. Eight countries, includine the
Soviet Union, voted against, and five abstained.

Adoption of Document Noted
OW241932 Beijing XINHUA in English 1906 GMT 24 Feb 82

[Text] New Delhi, February 24 (XINHUA) -- The New Delhi consultations of d ;ing coun-
tries came to a successful close here this evening after three days of extensive, frank
discussions and exchange of views on the main issues with regard to Soutn-North relations
and South-South cooperation.

A document, entitled "The New Delhi Consultations Summing Up," adopted at tne final

plenary session calls for fresh vigour and new efforts toward reaching an agreement on
the early launching of global negotiations.

I, 26 Feb 82 A 2 PRC INTEsNATIONAL AFFAIRS
GENERAL

A 30-point summary of the document was read out by the spokesman of the conference at

the press conference here today. The document says: "There is a feeling that while
being firm in approach on matters of principle and substance, we should be flexible on
Strategy and avoid getting bogged down in detail and technicalities. The exchange of
views, ‘e now hope, will enable the Group of 77 to discuss and negotiate more effectively
witi. the industrialized countries to come to an agreenent on the procedures, agenda

and time frame of global negotiations."

On the problem of food, the document stresses the need to augment food production.
"There was wide consensus that this was an area of priority concern to the international
communits requiring concrete action on short-, medium- and long-term measures to eradi-
cate hunger and malnutrition in developing countries, particularly the least developed.
Establishing an effective international food security system was discussed. Individual
countries have a responsibility in chalking out national p. ies and actions designed
to achieve food self-sufficiency," it says.

On the problem of energy, the document says: ‘There was emphasis c. ¢ over-riding
necessity of developing indigenous energy resources. The major poten: ‘ists in
developing countries. This, however, requires both technology and finan “esources.

Different ways in which such additional financial resources can be mobilize: were considered.
One of the possibilities is the establishment of an energy affiliate attached to the
World Bank. However, the creating of any new institution would take time, and while this
is under consideration and implementation, there would need to be larger allocations
through additional funding to be made available through existing financial institutions."

On financial flows, it says: "A sharp decline in the levels of concessional financial
flows and deterioration of the overall climate for development assistance is deeply
disturbing. The need for appropriate and concerted initiatives by developing countries
at a political level were considered imperative to resist such trends and seek their
reversal. A restructuring of the international monetary system in accordance with the

goals and objectives of the new international economic order provides the only durable
solution."

On trade, it says: "Developing countries must expand and diversify their exports to
develop. Indeed, structural adjustments become necessary in the world economy to

accommodate and promote an increased share of developing countries in world trade."

On South-South cooperation, it says: "There was complete unanimity that South-South
cooperation is a major instrument in the promotion of individual and collective self-
reliance. It also has a strategic value in strengthening the negotiating power with
the North, and at the same time such cooperation is not a substitute for North-South
economic cooperation, nor can it relieve industrialized countries from their responsibili-

ties and comm'tments towards the developing countries."
The document says: "A greater political will is required to accelerate the pace of coopera-
ti-n amongst developing countries. It would need wide-ranging contacts among the leaders

* Susiness, commerce, industry, scientists, intellectuals, writers and journalists.

rete measures have to be taken to stimulate action and facilitate sveedier implementa-
i ‘f agreed programs."

It In pursuance of this sentiment, the Caracas program of act -n, ten technical

e. in the fields of finance, science and technology, food and agriculture, new and
rene resources of energy, trade and technical cooperation will be held in the coming
months —

It says settle the problem of financial resources, India proposed the setting up

of a multi ral financing authority on the basis of voluntary contribution by interested
countrie is proposal was considered by all as interesting, constructive and important.
Sri Lanka .° Kuwait suggested a new institutional framework for investment based on

joint ventures in developing countries. This proposal would be elaborated and the inter-
governmental coordinations committee for ECDE to be held in Manila in August, 1982."
[sentence as received]

26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
GENERAL

Concluding the final plenary session, G. Parthasarathi, chairman of the New Delhi con-
Sultations, said: "We appreciate the hard work that all of you have put in, both inside
the committee rooms and outside," and "we can all draw satisfaction from the results."

He expressed the hope that the spirit of mutual faith and the atmosphere of innovative and
constructive cooperation during the deliberations will continue to assist the Group of 77
in its further endeavours.

Correspondent on Conference
OW251238 Beijing XINHUA in English 1217 GMT 25 Feb 82

['"'New Delhi Consultations'

XINHUA headline]

Shows Strength of Unity, Orientation of Cooperation" --

[Text] New Delhi, February 25 (XINHUA correspondent) -- The just-concluded South-South
conference attended by representatives from more than 40 developing countries to discuss
the issue of North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation proved to be timely and
fruitful, thanks to the extensive consultations among the attendants in the spirit of
coordination and unity.

It is very pertinent to call it "New Delhi consultations" by India, the sponsor, for there
is the need for the developing countries to meet from time to time in equal and frank
consultations on either the North-South conference or South-South cooperation so that they
can have a better understancing of the whole situation which will benefit the early
establishment of a new international economic order.

Some representatives expressed discontent with certain developed countries, particularly
the United States, for their obstruction to the convening of a North-South conference.

The 34th Session of the U.N. General Assembly in 1979 adopted a resolution on the convening
of a North-South conference, and the Cancun meeting did once arouse some hope. But

because of the rigid stand of the United States, and the obstacles it placed on the
procedural issue and the issue of reforming the existing special international economic
organs, the U.N. resolution is yet to be implemented.

Some representatives pointed out that the convening of a global negotiation brooks no delay,
as the present international economic situation is further deteriorating and developed
countries are shifting the burden of the worsening situation onto the developing

countries by resorting to protectionism and other means. Some least developed countries,
being confronted with the shortage of food, finance and energy, had expected some measures
to be taken to help them overcome their difficulties. As things now stand, they hold that
it is important for them to strengthen the unity and coordination among the developing
countries and to uphold their principled stand. The Yugoslav representative called on

the developing countries to struggle, with determination and self-confidence, for the
establishment of a new international economic order.

There had been different views among the countries in the South on how to break through
the stalemate in the global negotiations. Through the consultations, the representatives
fully exchanged their views, which was conducive to reaching a consensus in the future.
The representatives joined in criticising some developed countries for "lack of far-
sightedness and wisdom" by showing no clear understanding of the trend of historical
development. They pointed out that economic development and collective self-reliance

of the countries in the South are beneficial to the developed countries as well. They
welcomed and appreciated the cooperative attitude assumed by some people of insight in
developed nations.

I. 26 Feb 82 A 4 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
GENERAL

South-South cooperation, in the view of the representatives, constitutes an extremely
important part of a new international economic order. It is necessary and has broad
fields to play in. The Caracas conference had worked out a program for such cooperation;
the representatives pointed out that now is the time to put it into action.

Quite a number of proposals and ideas were submitted to the conference. Romania expressed
readiness to host a developing countries conference this spring to discuss the training
of qualified industrial technicians. India proposed the establishment of a multilateral
financing facility to help develop technical cooperation among the developing countries.
Kuwait suggested the setting up of a joint Gulf investment authority to finance joint
ventures of the developing countries, and Tanzania proposed the establishment of an
agriculture coordinating group to strengthen their cooperation in agriculture. It is
only natural for the developing countries to have different views on how to develcp
effective cooperation, as they have different conditions and are in varying stages of
economic development. However, they have the common desire to strengthen South-South
cooperation with a view to changing the existing unjust international economic order.
The consultations have built up their confidence in collective self-reliance.

China attended the conference as a special invitee and received warm welcome by the
representatives from various countries. Taking a clear-cut stand on the side of the
Third World countries, China maintained that South-South cooperation, being of strategic
importance, is a source of strength to enhance the South's position in the North-South
negotiations and restructure the existing international economic relations as well as

a principal means to eliminate the economic dependence on the developed countries. It
opined that South-South cooperation and North-South negotiations are two interrelated
aspects of the whole process of establishing a new international economic order. The
success of the cooperation will create favourable conditions for a victory in the
negotiations.

The representatives to the conference expressed their thanks to host India for making the
consultations possible. They attached importance to and spoke highly of the nine-point
program for bringing about effective international cooperation as put forth by Indian
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in her inauguration speech and the proposal for a

"technical support group" as raised by Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere while receiving
"The Third World Foundation Prize.'"' Many representatives held that the establishment of
a new international economic order is a tough task for the developing countries. It
needs their unity and cooperation.

I. 26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFATIRS Bl
UNITED STATES

HAIG, WEINBERGER POLICY DIFFERENCES VIEWED

OW260209 Beijing Domestic Service in Mandarin 0300 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] There have been various reports by Western news agencies on foreign policy differences
between U.S. Secretary of State Haig and Defense Secretary Weinberger. The reports maintain
that further surfacing of these differences threatens the management of the Reagan administra-
tion's foreign policy, harms its efforts in coordinating U.S. relations with those of its
allies and plays into the hands of the Soviet Union.

According to reports, their differences involve issues concerning Europe, the Middle East
and Central America -- the three major hotspots of the world -- and concerning, in partic-
ular, y.S, strategy in dealing with the Soviet Union.

It was pointed out in the reports that both Haig and Weinberger advocate a strong stand
towards Soviet expansionism. They believe that the United States must strengthen its own
defense as well as that of Western Europe. They wish to establish a closer relationship
between the United States and the Arab world and to achieve a strategic consensus vith it.
They both want to stop the infiltration of Soviet and Cuban influence in Central america.

But on European questions, according to the reports, Weinberger stresses that pressure
should be brought to bear on the allies to share more of the burden of defense costs and

to scrap their natural gas pipeline transaction with Moscow. Haig, on the other hand,
stresses the importance of U.S.-European unity and the removal of their differences through
consultation. He opposes blackmailing the allies on the issue of the natural gas pipeline.

On Middle East issues, Weinberger stresses the importance of U.S. relations with friendly
Arab countries and believes that the present U.S.-Israel relations are threatening American
interests in the Middle East, while Haig disapproves changing the U.S. Middle East policy,
partial to Israel.

On Central American issues, Haig advocates the use of U.S. military forces to check Cuban
influence and its interference in the affairs of Central American countries, while Weinberger
opposes U.S. involvment in the armed conflicts in the area and disapproves a U.S. blockade

of Cuba and Nicaragua.

There has been a concern in the Western press over the feuding between Haig and Weinberger.
There is fear that this feuding may lead to a rift in the U.S. Government, which will
seriously affect the implementation of American foreign policies and give Moscow an oppor-
tunity to weaken the U.S. position and increase its diplomatic offensive in Western Europe
and the Middle East.

The reports pointed out that it is not an easy job to resolve these differences within the
American Government, and the differences may be aggravated if they are not handled properly.

P The Washington POST said there is a possibility that the growing differences between Haig
and Weinberger may force President Reagan to carry out a major reshuffle of the administra-
tion.

I. 26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFATRS Di
NORTHEAST ASTA

DEVELOPMENT OF DPRK~ASEAN RELATIONS NOTED
OW250414 Beijing XINHUA in English 0130 GMT 25 Feb 82
{"Round-up: Ties Between DPRK, ASEAN Grow'' -- XINHUA headline]

[Text] Hong Kong, February 24 (XINHUA) -- Yi Chong-ok, premier of the Administracion
Council of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, recently visited three ASEAN
countries -- Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia~~ and discussed with leaders of these
countries bilateral relations and matters of common interest. ASEAN public opinion
described the Korean leader's visit as having great significance to the promotion of
relations between the DPRK and ASEAN.

The Korean Government has in recent years declared on many occasions that it supports
ASEAN's effort to establish a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality in Southeast Asia.
Premier Yi Chong-ok declared in his recent visit to Thailand that like ASEAN nations,
Korea oppose: uny action taken by big powers against small countries and supports
ASEAN's stand on the Kampuchean problem. This attitude of Korea is welcomed by ASEAN
countries.

Meanwhile, the struggle waged by the Korean Government and people for the peaceful
reunification has won sympathy and endorsement of the ASEAN nations which hope that
the North and the South of Korea would effect the reunification through dialogue on
the basis of mutual trust. Indonesia has reportedly pledged to contribute to Korea's
reunification.

Korea and ASEAN have expressed great concern about the future of the nonaligned movement.
At a meeting of the foreign ministers of the nonaligned countries held in early 1981,
representatives of Korea and ASEAN, in close coordination, endeavored to eliminate

super, ~ers' influence upon the nonaligned movement. Premier Yi Chong-ok and Malaysian
Prime ..inister Mahathir bin Mohamed and Indonesian President Suharto were of the
identical view that the Nonaligned Movement should not be influenced by any force or
ideology. They stressed that the movement should continue to pursue its established
goal and keep to its basic principles.

In recent years, personnel exchanges and economic and trade relations between Korea and
the ASEAN countries have increased. In June, 1979, the then Malaysian Vice-Prime
Minister Mahathir bin Mohamed paid an official visit to Korea and a trade agreement

was signed between the two countries. In June last year, Korean Vice-Premier Kye Ung-tae
visited Malaysia. The two sides conferred on bilateral trade development.

Malaysia's export to Korea increased from 9.52 million ringgit (one U.S. dollar equals
2.3 ringgit) in 1979 to 43 million ringgit in 1980. Rubber export trom Malaysia to
Korea alone reached 38.31 million ringgit last year. Total export from Korea to
Malaysia rose to 50 million ringgit last year. Malaysia and Korea set up joint ventures
in 1980 in order to promote cooperation in the fields of small-sized hydro-generation,
construction, mining and agriculture. Indonesia and Korea have also explored ways

and means of developing bilateral economic cooperation. Korea will reportedly send
technician groups and trade delegation to Indonesia to discuss technical and trade
cooperation. Thailand and Korea have recently signed agreements on communication,

post and telecommunication services.

ISSUES IN JAPANESE DEFENSE POLICY EXAMINED

OW250631 Beijing Domestic Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 24 Feb 82

[Commentary from "International Current Events" program: "On Japanese Defense Issues"]
[Text] Since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the Japanese Government and

public have begun to attach greater importance to defense matters, with a view to
safeguarding the country's independence and security.

I. 26 Feb 82 D 2 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTHEAST ASIA

The Japanese Government budget for fiscal year 1982, which was approved at a Cabinet
meeting, totals 49.68 billion yen, 6.2 percent up from fiscal year 1981. The defense budget
was increased by 7.754 percent from the previous year to 2.59 billion yen. In an interview
with the press on this matter, rrime Minister Suzuki said that t.e increase in defense
expenditure was made in response to the grim international situation. He stressed that,
while peace and security of Japan depends on the Japanese-U.S. security system, it is more
important for Japan to rely on itself, not on the strength of other countries, to defend
the country. The U.S. Defense Department issued a statement welcoming the Japanese
decision to increase its defense expenditure, but Pentagon officials also pointed out that
the Japanese military expenditure is still less than 1 percent of GNP. This remark,
according to AP, reflects the American view that Japan should make greater efforts in

this regard.

Debates between Japan and the United States over Japanese defense have continued over
recent years. This is a major issue in their bilateral relations. The United States has
complained that Japan has been unwilling to shoulder the international responsibilities
commensurate with its economic power. In the U.S. view, Japanese military expenditure
should reach at least 2 percent of GNP. But the Japanese Governmenc has put the ceiling
on defense expenditure at only 1 percent.

Why does the United States ask Japan to increase its defense bill at a faster rate? First,
the United States believes that the world situation is dictated by the balance of power
between East and West, the so-called unstable balance. The maintenance of this balance is

a guarantee against Soviet expansionism. Since the 1970's, the Soviet Union has greatly
expanded military power and + ildup under the smokescreen of detente. The balance of U.S.
and Soviet military power is developing in favor of the Soviet Union. This has led to a
sense of crisis on the part of the United States. As a result, the United States put
forward a joint strategy by which the Western allies will shoulder their respective
obligations. Western Europe and Japan, both links in this joint strategy, should therefore
shoulder obligations greater than they are now carrying.

Second, the United States tries to slow down Japan's economic development through an in-
crease in Japan's military expenditure. Since the beginning of the 1980's, Japan has become
the major economic rival of the United States. Many Japanese industrial products have
outdone American products, not only in world markets, but also in the American domestic
market. The Japanese trade surplus with the United States has continued to grow since

1965. To the United States, Japan's economic development is achieved because it has

little defense burden. Although the United States has tried to avoid the appearance

of any link between the question of Japan's defense burden and that of Japanese-U.S.
economic conflict, the U.S. intention is self-evident.

While increasing its defense expenditure, the Japanese Government has expressed disapproval
of the U.S. request. Why does Japan disapprove? First, Japan worries that in the midst

of widespread depression in the capitalist world, the pou_ing of greater national resources
into a military buildup is bound to deprive her of economic vitality and affect economic
development.

Second, Japan is concerned about opposition at home and abroad. Since the memory of the
Pacific war is still fresh in the minds of the Asian people, any increase in Japanese
military strength will always be a very sensitive issue at home and aborad. Japan believes
that maintaining its image as a great peace power is in the interest of consolidating
political powe at home and economic expansion abroad.

I. 26 Feb 82 D 3 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTHEAST ASIA

Third, Japan is concerned that it might unduly provoke the Soviet Union. Japan believes
that it lags too far behind the Soviet Union in military strength and that there is no
chance of matching the Soviet Union in the future. It fears joining the United States
in increasing military strength would unduly provoke the Soviet Union, and that the
consequences would be harmful to Japan. Thus, Japan has tried to make Washington

happy while at the same time trying to avoid irritating Moscow.

It should be pointed out that although there are differences between Japan and the
United States over the defense issue, Soviet expansion is the main threat facing them
today. Strengthening their coordination and cooperation is in their fundamental
interest, and neither country can do without the other. There will continue to be
difficulties in their relations, but both have pledged to explore ways to resolve or
ameliorate them.

Like Western Europe, Japan also seeks more independence. However, the relationship
between Japan and the United States is, after all, different than that between Western
Europe and the United States. If there are conditions for Europe to cherish the

hope of pursuing a European policy independent of the United States, there are no such
conditions for Japan to realize its hope of pursuing a Japanese policy. In terms of
trade, the current economic prosperity enjoyed by Japan results, to a large extent,
from its exports to the United States. The United States is Japan's principal economic
partner. It is also Japan's irreplaceable source of coal, oil, grain and other energy
and raw material resources. It is especially true for grain. Japan depends on the
United States for 50 percent of its wheat, 80 percent of its corn and 97 percent of
its soybean needs. A quarter of Japan's nutrition intake is supplied by the United
States.

Militarily, although Japan has some doubts abort the reliability of the American nuclear
umbrella, it still considers it the main protector of Japan's security. Because of
historical, political, economic and other factors, Japan cannot expect to become a nuclear
power very fast. In addition, it believes that to depend on the American nuclear umbrella
is far more advantageous than to develop nuclear weapons itself. Therefore, the con-
clusion is that although it is not reliable, Japan must still rely on it.

These and other factors have compelled Japan to consider its relations with ‘1e United
States from a political angle and to comply with the American requests in defense matters
as much as possible. As a matter of fact, although Japan's military expenditure is
still less than 1 percent of GNP, it has been growing in terms of absolute value. Japan
has promised to shoulder the responsibility of its own defense. Japan is modernizing
its Self-Detense Forces, especially its naval and air forces. Japanese-U.S. defense
cooperation is developing in many important sectors to meet the needs of the U.S. global
strategy. Japan has begun to fill the vacuum left by the United States after some war-
ships of the U.S. 7th Fleet were transferred from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean.

Japan is also increasing its economic aid to a number of countries with the aim of con-
taining Soviet expansion.

Generally speaking, Japan and the United States will continue their haggling over defense
matters, and the haggling may be louder at times. But neither country wishes to see
their strategic friendship and cooperation affected by the defense issue.

I. 26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFATRS El
SOUTHEAST ASIA & PACIFIC

VISIT OF U.S. OFFICIAT. TO VIETNAM REPORTED

OW260825 Beijing 1 Jie .sasese to Vietnam 1400 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] U.S. Deputy ‘stant Secretary of Defense Richard Armitage and four other offi-
cials visited Hanoi ... <3 and 24 February to discuss with Vietnam the question of searching
for American soldiers missing in action during the Vietnam War. On leaving Hanoi, Armitage
said he agreed with Vietnam only on the holding of further meetings between Vietnamese and
U.S. delegations when necessary.

This was the highest-level delegation sent to Hanoi by the U.S. Government since 1975,
[Beijing Domestic Service in Mandarin at 1500 GMT on 25 February, reporting on the Armitage
visit, adds at this point that: "Over the years, the Vietnamese Government has regarded
the question of searching for Americans missing in action during the Vietnam war as a
card with which to incite U.S. public opinion and haggle with the U.S. Government."] In
Dec: nber last year, the Vietnamese authorities agreed to the U.S. sending of a delegation
to Hanoi to discuss the MIA issue, and indicated it would endeavor to cooperate with the
United States in this issue. Vietnamese Foreign Minister Nguyen Co Thach declared at that
time that Vietnamese and U.S. relations had somewhat improved and hoped for the normaliza-
tion of relations between the two countries. However, the U.S. Government indicated that
so long as there is no real progress in the Kampuchean issue, the normalization of rela-
tions between the United States and Vietnam is entirely unrealistic.

It was reported that when the U.S. officials arrived in Hanoi this time, they were given
a low-level reception. On the eve of their arrival in Hanoi, Nguyen Co Thach criticized
the U.S. Government for using the MIA issue as a political weapon against Vietnam and
said that because of this, Vietnam would not cooperate further with Washington.

COMMENTARY HITE VNA REJECTION OF THAI CHARGES

0W250935 Beijing in Vietnamese to Vietnam 1130 GMT 24 Feb 82
[Correspondent (Yue Yu) commentary: "Double-Fdged Sword"']

[Text] On 19 February, VNA, the mouthpiece of the Vietnamese authorities, issued a statement
refuting the statement by the spokesman for the Thai Armed Forces Supreme Command on the
Vietnamese troops’ intrusion into Thai territory and clashes with armed Thai police. Cate-
gorically refuting the so-called Thai fabrication, the VNA statement said the spreading

of this lie was aimed at serving Beijing's schemes and creating tension along the Kampuchean-
Thai border.

The Hanoi authorities strongly hoped, with that stern denial, to deceive other people into
believing what they said. However, also on 19 February, the Thai Armed Forces Supreme
Command turned up some hard facts: the bodies of five armed Thai border policemen killed
by Vietnamese artillery during fierce fighting on 1/ February against some 300 Vietnamese
intruders in eastern Thailand. Sources said that the retreating Vietnamese soldiers
removed military equipment, including boots, and other things from the bodies of the

slain Thai policemen.

On 19 February, an intruding Vietnamese aircraft from Kampuchea spread toxic chemicals
on five localities of Chanthaburi Province in eastern Thailand. Furthermore, some 400
tank-supported Vietnamese infantry troops advanced toward the Kampuchean-Thai border
from the Vietnamese armed forces command in Pailin. This evidence was a stinging blow
to the Vietnamese authorities and belied the so-called official VNA statement.

_- =
Ree ‘

IL, 26 Feb 82 E 2 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
SOUTHEAST ASIA & PACIFIC

lt is crystal clear who is causing tension along the Kampuchean-Thai border. This incident
brings to mind the Vietnamese authorities’ ballyhoo about the Sino-Vietnamese border
incidents during the Lunar New Year festival, On the one hand, they had their troops
repeatedly conduct armed provocations along the Sino-Vietnamese border and, on the other,
they empowered VNA to issue a statement denying their evil acts and holding China responsible
for the tension along the border,

Factea have proved that the Vietnamese authorities are accustomed to using the "double-
edged sword” trick, They profess to be peace-lovers while stepping up the implementation
of their aggressive and expansionist policy in foreign countries. They commit evil acts
while seeking to whitewash them, They pretend to be victima in order to deceive world
public opinion. They keep the Vietnamese people in the dark about what they really have
done and cunningly conceal the stepped-up implementation of their regional hegemonism
behind a smokescreen,

However, the truth is always the truth regardless of their deceitful or brigandish state-
ments. The Vietnamese people and the world's people are increasingly aware of their
deceitful nature. Let this Vietnamese saying be a warning to them: “He who plays with a
knife will cut himself some day."

AFP: SON SANN AGREES TO 'SEPARATE MEETINGS’

OW261228 Paris AFP in English 1218 GMT 26 Feb 82

[Excerpt] Beijing, 26 Feb. (AFP) -- Former Cambodian premier Son Sann has agreed to
separate meetings here with Khmer Rouge leader Khieu Samphan and former chief of state

Prince Norodom Sihanouk, it was learned today.

But, in a telegram to Prince Sihanouk, Son Sann apparently ruled out any tripartite summit
of anti-Vietnamese Cambodian factions in the Chinese capital.

The text of the telegram, given to reporters by Prince Sihanouk's secretariat, gave no
indication of when Son Sann would travel to Beijing. It said he was prepared to visit China
to meet "Chinese dignitaries" and to personally greet Prince Sihanouk as well as to meet
Khieu Samphan "if necessary."

I, 26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATLONAL AFFATRS
EASTERN EUROPE

RENMIN RIBAO COMMENTS ON YUGOSLAV ELECTIONS

HK1911130 Beijing RENMIN RIBAO in Chinese 15 Feb 82 p 6

[Report by XINHUA reporter Ding Xiangqi [0002 5046 6386): "Abolishing Life Tenure and Pledging
Cadre Replacement; Yugoslavia Will Replace Half of its Government Officials")

[Text] Belgrade, 14 February -- This year is an election year in Yugoslavia, Throughout the
country, some 2 million delegation members and representatives will be elected before the
middle of May, and then assemblies at various levels will be formed through election. About
half the leading officials in the government will be replaced. The Federal Assembly of
Yugoslavia is an organ of social autonomy and has supreme authority. The system of assembly
delegates was instituted in 1974. Thus the term of office (4 years) of the delegates to the
second assembly will soon be over. A new assembly should be elected this year.

Election of assemblies will start at the grassroots level. First of all, a delegation will
be elected from the grassroots units. From these delegates, representatives will be
elected to form assemblies at the district level. Then, assemblies of the republics and
autonomous provinces will be elected. Finally, a stipulated number of representatives will
be appointed from all republics and autonomous provinces to form the Federal Assembly.
Assemblies at all levels will then elect and appoint members to form their own executive
organs (that is, government at all levels).

At the moment, preparatory work for grassroots elections has started. According to a respon-
sible person of the Legislative Committee of the Federal Assembly, in the course of preparing
for grassroots elections, the major task is to appraise and sum up the work of the local
assembly representatives, and based on this, to nominate candidates to form the delegation.
Two-thirds of this year's delegation members will be people who are elected for the first
time. Throughout the country, some 2 million delegation members and representatives will

be elected. Assembly elections at the district level will officially commence in March

and the Federal Assembly will be elected by the middle of May.

The Constitution states that delegates of assemblies have a term of 4 years, and that no one
can assume the same position for more than two successive terms. For this reason, about

half the cadres presently holding leadership positions will be replaced. The provision

to limit the term of office is a basic measure taken by Yugoslavia to do away with the
so-called life tenure and to ensure the continuous replacement and renewal of its cadre

ranks. Furthermore, with the implementation of the retirement system, about 100,000 personnel
retire from office each year in Yugoslavia. All this provides a guarantee for the normal
renewal of incumbent personnel. At present, the average age of members of the Yugoslav
Federal Presidium is 65, while that of Presidium members in the Central Committee of the
League of Communists of Yugoslavia is 59.

At the same time, the 12th Congress Session of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia will
be convened in June this year, while elections of party organizations at all levels will
also start in succession. Therefore, elections and cadre replacements are going to be major
events in the internal political life of Yugoslavia.

ROMANIAN TRADE DELEGATION CONCLUDES VISIT

OW250722 Beijing XINHUA in English 0712 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] Beijing, February 25 (XINHUA) -- The Romanian Government trade delegation led by
Cornel Burtica, member of the Executive Political Committee of the Romanian Communist Party
Central Committee, deputy premier and minister of foreign trade and international economic
cooperation of Romania, left here for home today after a visit to China.

Seeing the delegation off at the airport were Zheng Tuobin, Chinese minister of foreign trade,
and Florea Dumitrescu, Romanian ambassador to China.

While in China, the delegation toured Beijing and Xian. Burtica also had meetings with
Tang Ke, minister of metallurigical industry; Li Peng, minister of power industry; and
Lian Tianjun, vice-minister of economic relations with foreign countries.

I, 26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFATRS Il
MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

FURTHER ON MOROCCAN PRIME MINISTER'S VISIT

Zhao Attends Banquet
OW251548 Beijing XINHUA in English 1528 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] Beijing, February 25 (XINHUA) -- Moroccan Prime Minister Maati Bouabid gave a
return banquet in the Great Hall of the People here this evening. Among the guests were
Zhao Ziyang, premier of the State Council; Banqgen Erdini Qoigyi Gyancan, vice-chairman

of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress; and Chen Muhua, vice-premier.

In his speech at the banquet, Prime Minister Bouabid hailed the existing profound friend-
ship between Morocco and China. He said Morocco and China have many things in common:
"The two countries have a long-standing history and have made contributions to the enrich-
ment of the civilization of mankind; and these two developing countries are doing their
utmost for world peace and security so that the world's people may live in harmony."

Through his short visit to China, the Moroccan prime minister said that he and his
delegation have acquainted themselves with an overview of China's culture of 4,000 years.
"This enabled us to understand the characteristics of thinking of the Chinese people,"
he said.

He said Morocco-China relations are being strengthened day by day, and friendship
between the two countries is developing while their cooperation is based on mutual trust
and the equality of rights and auties. He pledged to do his best in enhancing friend-
ship and cooperation between Morocco and China.

In return, Premier Zhao said that in the past few days he had had wide-ranging and fruitful
talks with Prime Minister Bouabid on bilateral relations and international issues of

common concern. "This morning Vice-Chairman Deng Xiaoping had a cordial and friendly
meeting with Your Excellency. All these talks and meetings prove that the Governments

of China and Morocco have identical or similar views on many important international

issues and they cherish a common desire to further develop the fine cooperation between

the two countries."

He said: "The close cooperation between the Chinese Government and the Government

of Morocco is in keeping with the basic interests of the people of the two countries,
and is beneficial to the common struggle of the Third World countries for unity against
hegemonism as well."

Also present at the banquet were Huang Zhen, minister in charge of the Commission for
Cultural Relations With Foreign Countries; Zhou Weizhi, acting minister of culture; and
He Ying, vice-minister of foreign affairs. Others present were Prime Minister Bouabid's
entourage and Moroccan Ambassador to China Abderrahim Harkett.

Prior to the banquet, Premier Zhao met with Moroccan journalists accompanying the prime
minister on the visit. Answering their questions, Premier Zhao said: "China and
Morocco will actively coordinate efforts in opposing hegemonism and safeguarding

world peace. We will also explore new areas for our cooperation in trade, economic

and technical fields," he said.

"Although China is a big country with a huge population," the premier said, "economically
it is a fairly backward country. China will stand on the side of other Third World
countries and make common efforts to promote North-South dialogue and the establishment

of a new international economic order."

I, 26 Feb 82 I 2 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

He said: "The economy of the Third World countries are not well developed, but each
country has its strong points, We can learn from each other and supply each other's

needs and exchange experiences. China will further strengthen cooperation among developing
countries, and regards such cooperation as the basic point in its economic cooperation with
foreign countries."

Cultural Agreement Signed
OW251622 Beijing XINHUA in English 1521 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] Beijing, February 25 (XINHUA) -- A cultural agreement was signed here this evening
between the Governments of the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Morocco.
Zhao Ziyang, Chinese premier of the State Council, and Maati Bouabid, prime minister of
Morocco, signed the agreement on behalf of their respective governments.

The agreement, aimed et promoting friendly relations and cultural exchanges between the
two countries, provides that both parties deve.op the exchanges and cooperation in the
fields of culture, education, science, health, sports, publishing and newscasting,
under the principle of equality and mutual benefit.

Chen Muhua, Chinese vice-premier; Huang Zhen, Chinese minister in charge of cultural
relations with foreign countries; the entourage of Prime Minister Bouabid, and Moroccan

Ambassador to China Abderrahim Harkett attended the signing ceremony.

MOROCCO'S THIRD WORLD CONTRIBUTIONS ASSESSED

OW210324 Beijing XINHUA in English 0133 GMT 21 Feb 82
["Roundup: Morocco Contributes to Third World Unity" -- XINHUA headline]

[Text] Rabat, February 20 (XINHUA correspondent (Wang Lianzhi)) -- Morocco is making an
important contribution to the solution of Third World problems arising out of aggression
and exploitation by imperialism and hegemony.

The government of the kingdom, under the leadership of King Hassan II, has fully
cooperated with other Third World countries in active pursuit of a policy of positive
non-alignment, and supported the people of those countries in their struggle to safeguard
national independence and state sovereignty, while endeavoring to develop their countries'
economy and make social progress.

Morocco has taken an active part in the activities of the Third World organizations and played

an important role in bringing about unity among the countries concerned. It has made great
efforts for the maintenance of Arab unity and consistently supported the just struggle of
the Palestinian people. At the 12th summit conference of the Arab League in Feb last year,
when differences surfaced among the Arab countries about the Saudi Middle East peace plan
which could possibly have caused a split in the Arab ranks, King Hassan II, the chairman,
resolutely called for an adjournment of conference proceedings so that the Arab leaders
could further consider the matter. His suggestion, which averted an Arab political split,
won the applause and support of those present.

I, 26 Feb 82 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

Morocco is now in consultation with the Arab countries about the possibilities of an
early resumption of the Arab sumuit conference, so that the delegates can come together
and discuss a common strategy in che new situation their respective countries now face.

In 1969, Israel set fire to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, one of the world's biggest
mosques. This outrage was deeply resented by the people of the Islamic world. It was
on Morocco's proposal that the first summit of the Islamic countries was convened in
Rabat in September of that year. This conference became the foundation stone on which
the organization of the Islamic conference was built.

The 19/9 Islamic summit was held in At-Ta'if, Saudi Arabia. It formed the Jerusalem
committee, and Morocco was given the honor of successively chairing two of its meetings.
King Hassan II presided over five of the committee meetings which discussed ways and
means of bringing about the liberation of the holy city of Jerusalem,

Morocco is one of the major independent states in Africa, and a member of the Organiza-
tion of African Unity. It actively supports the African national liberation movement
and has assisted in various ways the armed struggles against colonialism in
Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique.

Morocco is also one of the earliest member-countries of the Nonaligned Movement, has
strictly adhered to the principles of the movement and vigorously opposed any attempt
to change its orientation,

It has defied brute force and taken resolute action at those critical momemts when other
Third World countries have been subjected to foreign invasion or subversion.

During the Middle East 1973 October war, 3,000 Moroccan soldiers were dispatched to
Egypt's Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights to assist Egyptian and Syrian
defenders against Israeli intruders. A number of Moroccan soldiers laid down their
lives in the Arab struggle for national liberation.

In March 1977 and in May of the following year, the Soviet Union sought to implement a
plot to cut the African Continent in half. Soviet mercenaries intruded into Zaire on
both occasions. Morocco, true to its policy, soon sent armed forces to the Shaba front
in Zaire to stand shoulder to shoulder with the Zairian Army and people in defence of
their homeland. The intruders were driven out of Zaire and the hegemonic schemes of
the Soviet Union were foiled.

The Moroccan authorities and mass media have consistently expressed deep sympathy for
the Afghan and Kampuchean peoples, now uuder the heel of hegemonists. The Moroccan
Government has repeatedly openly voiced its condemnation of Soviet hegemonic actions,
and at United Nations meetings and at meetings of other international organizations has
persistently supported demands for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan and
Kampuchea. It has also repeatedly urged the right of the Afghan and Kampuchean peoples
to choose their own respective system of government and way of life.

Morocco now contends with a knotty problem in respect to the Western Sahara conflict,

a problem left over by colonial dictators. At last year's OAU summit conference, King

Hassan II announced that his country supported the principle of a referendum of the

people living in the Western Sahara. this marked an important step forward towards the
eful solution to the conflict.

I, 26 Feb 82 14 PRC INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

The OAU implementation committee on Western Sahara has tried to carry this principle to
fruition and at its recent meeting tabled a series of proposals and decisions on the
proposed referendum.

Despite many differences and contradictions existing between the parties concerned, the

Western Sahara issue will undoubtedly be solved and peace restored in northwest Africa,

when consultations are on a basis of equality and foreign interference is cleared out of
the way.

ALGERIAN AIR FORCE DELEGATION CONCLUDES VISIT

OW260941 Beijing XINHUA in English 0725 GMT 26 Feb 82

[Text] Beijing, February 26 (XINHUA) -- Commander Major Abdelli Hamid, head of an
Algerian Air Force delegation, considers their week-long visit to China as "very
satisfactory." He said this to XINHUA on leaving here for home today after touring
Beijing, Xian, Chengdu and Shanghai.

Relying on their own efforts, he said, the Chinese armed forces were working hard to
improve their combat capabilities and modernize equipment.

The talks between his delegation and the Chinese side, Major Abdelli said, were
constructive and fruitful, resulting in agreement of views on all matters discussed.
"The talks have helped us find new ways to develop friendship and cooperation between
the two air forces," he said. More discussions in this respect would be held in the
coming years, he added.

He paid high tribute to the Chinese people's energetic support for the Algerian people
in the years of hard struggle. "The friendship between our two fraternal peoples will
keep growing," he concluded.

Major Abdelli, who joined in the Algerian people's war of liberation in 1956, became a
flyer two years later.

The delegation was seen off at the guesthouse by Chinese air force Commander Zhang
Tingfa.

I. 26 Feb 82 CHINA K 1
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

RENMIN RIBAO EDITORIAL STRESSES PLANNED ECONOMY
HK260825 Beijing RENMIN RIBAO in Chinese 24 Feb 82 p 1

[Editorial: "Establish the Concept of Coordinating All the Activities of the Nation Like
Pieces in a Chess Game")

[Text] Ours is a socialist country where the public ownership of the means of production
enjoys absolute predominance. This fact predetermines that we must adhere to the principle
of "taking the planned economy as the key link, with regulation by market mechanism playing
the supplementary role" in our economic construction. In order to act in accordance with
unified state planning, we must establish the concept of coordinating all the activities
of the nation like pieces ir a chess game. The state is an organic entity. In carrying
out economic construction, we must coordinate the forces of all quarters. It will not

work if each moves in different directions and does things in his own way.

In order to persist in coordinating the activities of the nation like pieces in a chess
game, we must adorp’ an overall point of view and establish the concept of viewing the
situation as a whole. In a match between famous chess players, every move is made out of
overall consideration. For the sake of gaining the upper hand in the whole game, it is
sometimes necessary to sacrifice a few moves. The same holds true for economic construction,
For the good of the whole country, all departments and localities, even the industrial and
mining enterprises and rural production teams, must take the whole situation into account
and always bear in mind the needs of the 10 billion people and the socialist motherland.
They must give up partial and local interests for the sake of the whole and subordinate
immediate interests to long-term ones. As some comrades said: We must make "big
calculations" for the state, not "petty calculations" for ourselves or our departments

and localities. We must proceed from the interests of the whole and speak the "Beijing
dialect" or "Putonghua." We should not merely represent partial and local interests and
speak "local dialects." Of course, the interests of the localities and the enterprises,
including personal interests, should also be recognized and taken into account as long as
they are reasonable and just.

At present, the central task in our efforts to coordinate all the activities of the nation
like pieces in a chess game is to correctly understand and handle the relationship between
the planned economy and regulation by the market mechanism. The planned economy gives
expression to the superiority of our socialist system and embodies the fundamental interests
of the state and the people. Regulation by the market mechanism supplements the planned
economy and must be guided by the planned economy. The relationship between regulation

by the market mechanism and the planned economy is subordinative, not parallel. Regulation
by market mechanism can only be carried out within the scope permitted by the planned
economy, not beyond. We must be able to make use of and have c.atrol over regulation

by the market mechanism.

We must make it quite clear in our minds that we must adhere to the principle of

"taking the planned economy as the key link, with regulation by market mechanism

playing a supplementary role" in both agricultural and industrial production. It is
wrong to think that the rural areas no longer have to follow the guidance of the state
plans after they have hegun t* implement various production responsibility systems.

It is also wrong to think that industrial and mining enterprises no longer have to strictly
enforce the state p's after they have been given greater decisionmaking power. Those
who think this way ha dea of the meaning of coordinating all the activities of the
nation like pieces in a chess game. Imagine, if the peasants only plant crops that will
benefit themselves and the factories only produce goods that can fetch a lot of money
without any planning whatsoever, they will invariably upset the state plans. If so,

how can we begin to talk about carrying out socialist economic construction in a planned
and proportionate way? In the final analysis, the peasants, the production teams and the
industrial and mining enterprises alike must all operate within the scope permitted by
the state plans. The broad masses of peasants and staff nd workers should be able to
understand the reasoning behind this.

I, 26 Feb 82 K 2 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

In economic construction, there exists an intricate and complex relationship between
different departments, localities and trades and between different industrial and mining
enterprises and production teams. They are all interdependent and interrelated. In order
to fulfill the production and construction plans of the state, they must cooperate with

each other and make joint efforts. Products included in the state plans must be produced
and delivered by the production departments in accordance with the plans. The departments
of commerce, supplies, foreign trade and communications and transport must also organize
procurement, allocation and supplies in accordance with the plans. In short, in the spheres
of production, construction and circulation, it is necessary to take the fulfillment of

the state plans as the most important task.

For some time, the leading cadres of a small number of departments, localities and enter-
prises have been putting the purtial and local interests of their units above everything

else in approaching problem. and handling work when they should have proceeded from the
interests of the whole or example, in the drive to develop the production of consumer
goods, they have som mes rushed headlong into producing popular items hat promised good
profits and hav | regarded subjective and objective conditions. A cet ain province has
built more th. J washing machine factories in an unplanned way. ‘his © esults in stock-
piling, w. | raw and processed materials and waste of energy, while brand-name products
truly welc..ed by the masses still fall short of demand. This is a common problem in the

production of durable consumer goods such as radio and television sets, wristwatches,
bicycles and electric fens. Meanwhile, the production of popular goods of dependable
quality and small commodities needed by the masses in their everyday life has been declining
or even stopped because such items yield little or no profit. Due to our failure to
strengthen guidance over the implementation of state plans in the countryside, there is

a sharp increase in the sown acreage of tobacco in some places and a much too swift develop-
ment in rapeseed production in others. Unless these problems are properly solved, our
overall economic construction will suffer.

The following phenomenon can also be seen in a few isolated places: For the sake of pro-
moting the sale of locally produced goods of poor quality, some districts have resorted to
blockade measures to keep quality products of other provinces and municipalities from
entering their domain. This will not be tolerated. No matter where they are located, these
districts are all part of the People's Republic of China. As long as they are PRC goods,
they can be sold in every part of the country. No district, department or leader has the
power to stop such sales. We must permit legitimate competition and must not protect the
backward.

Administrative intervention is necessary for the practice of the planned economy. Under
ordinary circumstances, we will of course handle economic problems by economic means. In
developing industrial production in the future, it is necessary to follow this rule:

Products not wanted on the market will not be produced. Enterprises which turn out unsalable
and costly products of poor quality will continue to be closed or ordered to stop production,
merged with other units or switched to other lines of production. In the energy-deficient
areas, those indigenous coking furnaces and small refineries, calcium carbide plants,

lead plants and steel plants which are ordered to stop production should resolutely do so

for the interests of the whole. Commune- and brigade-run industries which consume a huge
amount of electricity should be put under strict control.

Adhering to the principle of coordinating all the activities of the nation like ' es in

a chess game and strengthening planning and management does not mean a return t

previous practices which were characterized by overconcentration and rigid con’: In
recent years, we have carried out a number of reforms in the fields of agricult.re, industry,
finance and trade. These reforms, which are local and explorative in nature, ‘ove yielded
notable results. The policy of activating the economy is completely correct. it will con-
tinue to be upheld and will not be changed. Our purpose in coordinating ie activities
of the nation like pieces in a chess game and in upholding the principle » ‘taking the
planned economy as the key link, with regulation by market mechanism ple /iu he supple-
mentary role" is to combine the unified leadership of the state with the .-yitimate

decisionmaking power of the enterprises and production teams in order to aci\ieve control
withont overrigidity and flexibility without confusion,

I. 26 Feb 82 K 3 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

RENMIN RIBAO ON CADRES' NEED TO STUDY THEORY
HKk260906 Beijing RENMIN RIBAO in Chinese 23 Feb 82 p 5

[Article by Shi Xun [4258 6064]: "Party Cadres Must Have Marxist Theoretical Training --
Reading Liu Shaoqi's ‘Speech to the First Class of Students at the Institute of
Marxism-Leninism'"']

[Text] In December 1948, the situation of the war and the revolution was developing
rapidly. In this busy period in the history of the Chinese revolution, Comrade Liu
Shaogi, who was concurrently the president of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism,
personally gave a lecture to the institute's first class of students. This showed that
he attached top importance to theoretical study. In this lecture he explained the
profound in simple terms, summed up experiences and compreiensively analyzed the overall
situation. The problems he pointed out in his lecture were siar» and profound, his
language was simple and his feelings were sincere. When we reac it today, it still
touches our hearts as if it had been written about the present situ’: icn. Studying
this speech and linking the study with recalling historical experience ‘'oce the
founding of the nation will be very helpful to the intensification of th. retical
education of our full-time cadres in the future.

Liu Shaoqi made a brilliant statement on the necessity of theoretical study. He said,
"Our revolutionary actions are guided by revolutionary theory. If the theory is correct,
there will be correct guidance and the revolution will succeed, otherwise it cannot
succeed.'' He analyzed the cadre ranks and pointed out, "During the past few years

our cadres have done a great deal of work. They nave fought bitterly against the
Japanese imperialists, Chiang Kai-Shek and the landlord class. This is very good.

But they still have shortcomings due to their lack of theoretical training and for

many comrades, this is their major shortcoming."

How did we know there was lack of theoretical training? Liu Shaoqi said that the reason
why the comrades engaged in practical work could not solve the many problems in their
work and committed various kinds of mistakes, lay in their ignorance, that is, in

their lack of knowledge. ‘Perhaps many comrades among you do not understand this now,
but they will know when they graduate that many mistakes of the past had previously
been theoretically analyzed by Marx and Lenin." He also cited the historical experiences

of some comrades and said, "After the failure of the great revolution in 1927, some
comrades read the book 'Two Tactics’ (Lenin's ‘Two Tactics of Social-Democracy in the
Democratic Revolution’) and regretted that they had not read it earlier because many
problems had long been solved by Lenin. If they had read the ‘Two Tactics' earlier,
they would have carefully studied the problems related to the founding of the party and
the cooperation between the CCP and Kuomintang, thus we would not have been taken by
surprise when the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution." There have
been many such similarities in historical events. What Comrade Shaoqi pointed out at
that time also happens today. Last year, some comrades studied the second volume of
Mar»'s "Das Kapital" (abridged version) and suddenly became aware of the reason for
the r mistakes in the past. They said, "We have been communists for decades and have

tu and again professed that we believe in Marxism, but for so many years, we knew
not g about Marx's theory of expanded reproduction. What a shame!" This feeling

of 1e was precisely the feeling of regret mentioned by Comrade Shaoqi at that time.
Eve ‘vy was of the opinion that in the past we had committed mistakes but did not
know reasons why we did so. After we studied Marx's writings we knew it was
becaus’ »» had failed to act in accordance to the theory of reproduction and disrupted
the ba. > between the two major industrial components and the balance between the
various ' rs in the components. This inevitably resulted in setbacks in developing
social pr | ion. Only those who have experienced the long and difficult course of
the revol.' and have conscientiously read Marx's writings will be able to have such

feeling of | ghtenment.

26 Feb 82 K 4 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

However, even today some of our comrades still fail to understand the importance in
studying Marxist theory or to realize that they have a poor theoretical understanding.
Some of them have been so busy with attending meetings, giving speeches and issuing
directives that they have failed to set aside some time to study Marxist theory. Some
of them are contentedly enjoying their high position and easy and comfortable lives
and sticking to their old way of doing things or drifting along. Others were full of
grievances when talking about their mistakes, but have failed to conscientiously sum
up their experiences, For these comrades, it is especially imperative to study this
speech and heighten their consciousness in studying theory.

For many years a kind of muddled idea has been in vogue that studying theory is a kind
of "easy task" while doing practical work is a "hard task." The influence of this evil
idea has been so serious that some of our comrades, especially leading comrades, wrongly
believe that without studying theory they can do their work just as well. In fact,

this idea was criticized by Liu Shaoqi in his speech as far back as more than 30 years ago.
After he criticized the erroneous idea that without studying theory one could do the
work of county or prefectural CCP committee secretaries just as well, Liu Shaoqi
emphatically pointed out, "Especially after the victory of the revolution, we should
read even more theoretical books and become more familiar with the theory. Otherwise,
it will be very dangerous for us because of the complexity of the conditions." Has

not our experience since the founding of our nation repeatedly proved how correct and
important his view is! Studying theory and raising the Marxist theoretical standards

of the whole party, above all the leading cadres at all levels, is indeed a vital major
issue that concerns the success and failure of the party's cause and the destiny of

the nation. How can we treat it as an "easy task?" For a long time we overlooked this
instruction and therefore suffered great losses both in developing our socialist cause
and in training the large number of our cadres. Was this not a fact? It is time to
thoroughly discard this fallacy about an "easy task" and prevent it from continuing

to poison our minds and hindering our progress!

In order to read Marxist theory with understanding, Liu Shaoqi pointed out the necessity
to study history. He said, "Giving correct guidance is impossible unless we know well
both the experience at home and abroad." He pointed out, "You have another shortcoming,
that is, if the directive of the Central Committee is wrong, you cannot see that it is
wrong but will still follow it. When other people are wrong, you cannot see that they
are wrong and cannot but follow their wrong directives. This shows that you are not
qualified for leading posts." Here, he pointed out the problem related to the qualifi-
cations for leading posts. This is really a problem of great significance, which
requires our careful consideration. Countless facts in the past many years prove that
if we do not conscientiously study theory, we cannot sum up our experience in practice
and we inevitably lack the ability to think independently an! the ability to tell right
from wrong. Then we are indeed not qualified for leading posts.

Liu Shaoqi pointed out, "If one is to be considered a good cadre and to really be
qualified for leading posts, one must know how to determine the right direction on his
own. For this purpose, one must have knowledge about both China and other countries
and have both theoretical knowledge and practical experiences. If one did his work
fairly well in the past, after studying theory, he will do his work even better and
make even greater progress in his work." Let us bravely admit our shortcoming in
theoretical understanding and study Marxism and historical knowledge both about China
and other countries in order to improve our theoretical understanding and augment

our ability to think independently and solve problems, and thus strive to become
competent cadres in the new historical period.

I, 26 Feb 82 K 5 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

CCP UNIT, OTHERS ISSUE COURTESY MONTH CIRCULAR

OW260411 Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in Chinese 1428 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] Beijing, 25 Feb (XINHUA) -- Sixteen units including the Propaganda Department of the
CCP Central Committee today issued a "joint circular on getting mobilized and grasping well
the 'all-people decorum and courtesy month’ activities in a down-to-earth manner" calling
on all localities to make a good start and set an example in successfully carrying out
activities in the first 'all-people decorum and courtesy month" in March this year.

The circular says: Numerous localities and departments have made arrangements in real
earnest to do the work after the General Office of the CCP Central Committee, acting upon

the directive of the Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee, transmitted to lower levels
the CCP Propaganda Department's "report on developing in-depth activities to promote the
"five stresses and four beauties.'" It is requested that propaganda departments, trade
unions, CYL organs, women's fede ations, patriotic health campaign committees and departments
of education, culture, public health, physical culture, public security, commerce, communi-
cations, railways, posts and telecommunications, forestry and civil aviation and mass organi-
zations in all localities do mental mobilization well and organize the broad masses of cadres
and people to earnestly take part in the '"all-people decorum and courtesy month" activities.
These types of activities must have momentum and must be carried out in a down-to-earth
manner. They should not stop at just making general appeals but should provide specific
targets and effective measures in keeping with realities in order to achieve noticeable
results. At the start of these activities, various localities should invite principal
responsible comrades to make speeches, including speeches at radio and television stations.
Leading cadres at all levels should set an example, take the lead in these activities and

act as models.

The circular says: In carrying out this year's '"all-people decorum and courtesy month"
activities, efforts should be made to do well specifically in the following areas: 1) All
professions and trades, households and people should be mobilized to improve environmental
sanitation and especially to admonish people to do away with bad habits such as spitting,
littering and dumping garbage and polluted water everywhere co as to bring about noticeable
changes in the appearance of nooks and crannies and sectors that are not rated as being up
to sanitation standards, 2) Commercial and service enterprises and other units in the public
health, education, public security, communications, posts and telecommunications, railways
and civil aviation networks should conduct education on decorum and courtesy in a practical
manner. Workers and staff members should be aroused to put forth specific measures for
improving work attitude and the quality of services, to formulate or revise service compacts
and rules for workers and staff members, to launch activities to compare and single out
quality performance through public appraisal and to strive to be models in promoting the
"five stresses and four beauties." Efforts should also be made to educate the masses to

be courteous passengers, courteous customers and courteous audiences and to promote the

new habit of showing respect for one another. 3) Efforts should be made to strengthen
management, draw up necessary regulations and rules, organize forces and arouse the masses
to consolidate public order in railway stations, wharves, major thoroughfares, tourist areas,
in public tramcars (buses), theaters (opera houses), sports fields (stadiums), hospitals,
village fairs andother public places. 4) Steps should be taken to keep the appearance of
the cities in good order, sort out posters and billboards and replace outdated slogans and
unhealthy or improperly installed billboards with posters and propaganda picture-posters
that reflect the specific themes of the "decorum and courtesy month" (such as "please do
not spit everywhere," "please take care of flowers and trees," "please observe traffic
rules,'' and so forth). While we are not after the number of posters they must be neat and
artistic, 5) Cadres, the masses, especially young workers and staff members and young
students, should be organized to perform good deeds, show concern for others and to take
part in social welfare activities in a planned manner in preserving public sanitation,
social order and traffic order. The youngsters should be taught to become vanguards in
building socialist spiritual civilization. 6) Various localities should adopt practical
measures in line with local conditions to guide activities in planting trees, flowers and

grass.

I. 26 Feb 82 K 6 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

The circular points out: The '"all-people decorum and courtesy month" activities must be
particular about actual results and carried through vigorously. Leading government
comrades in all localities should organize responsible persons of departments concerned
in March, plan and organize forces carefully, personally go down to the grassroots levels
to inspect and supervise work and solve problems. In particular, they must inspect those
departments and units closely related to the people's livelihood such as eating and
drinking establishments, service trades, ships, hospitals, post and telegraph bureaus
(offices), neighborhoods, collective dormitories, stations and airports. Various systems
and units must assign special persons to take charge and must also carry out mass super-
vision and inspection.

The circular calls on newspapers and periodicals, radio and television stations and
literary and art organizations to create public opinion with publicity in a big, lively
and sustained way about the "all-people decorum and courtesy month." The publicity
must be vivid and vigorous showing typical examples, offering praises and criticism and
promoting the new mood in promoting "five stresses and fou. beauties" so as to give the
cadres and the masses a lively education in building socialist spiritual civilization.

The circular stresses: Various localities must, through this year's "all-people decorum
and courtesy month" activities, lay a good foundation for pushing forward the activities
to promote the "five stresses and four beauties" in a sustained and deepgoing way.

All departments in various localities should sum up experience earnestly from the "all-
people decorum and courtesy month" activities. They should command the advanced and make
the best of the situation in popularizing the good experience created by the masses to
the grassroots levels. The activities to promote the "five stresses and four beauties"
should be carried out regularly and institutionalized.

This circular was jointly issued by the Propaganda Department of the CCP Central Committee,
the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the CYL Central Committee, the All-China Women's
Federation, the central patriotic health campaign committee, the Ministry of Education,

the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Public Health, the State Physical Culture and
Sports Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry
of Communications, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications,
the Ministry of Forestry and the Civil Aviation General Administration.

STATE FARMS WORK MEETING HELD IN BEIJING

0W252130 Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in Chinese 0711 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] Beijing, 25 Feb (XINHUA) -- The major task for state farms and land reclamation
departments this year is to conduct high-standard overhauls on enterprises and earnestly
improve their economic results. This was the decision of the national conference of
directors of state farms and land reclamation departments and bureaus held recently in
Beijing.

The meeting pointed out that high-standard overhaul means doing the following work well:

Further perfecting the production responsibility system, vigorously developing diversified
economy, strengthening operation and management and practicing strict business accounting,
striving to raise the cultural and scientific levels of workers and staff and improving
leadership of state farms.

State farms and land reclamation departments have done a lot of work over the years to
overhaul exterprises and improve economic results. In 1981 state farms in a dozen or more
provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions were hit by natural disasters of all
kinds and 44 percent of the cultivated land was affected. In spite of this, increased
output was reported for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline occupations,
fishery and industry, with the exception of grain output and the number of hogs which
decreased. Tn 1981 the total industrial and agricultural output value topped 1980 by

5.4 perc d the annual profits reached 120 million yuan.

26 Feb 82 K 7 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

The meeting urged all state farms to further perfect the production responsibility system
this year by centering their efforts on solving two problems: First, correctly handle

the relationship between the state, the collective and individuals. Make sure that the
state is really receiving more revenues before allowing enterprises to retain more profits
and individuals to earn more income. Production and cost targets, the fixed labor quota
and the proportion of profit sharing should be revised to become more practical and to
prevent the tendency of neglecting state interests by placing undue stress un greater
shares for the workers. Second, contractors should observe state unified plans and

the state farms should, in a unified manner, handle the major products, supply the major
goods and materials, transfer and assign the labor force and work out methods of rewards
and penalties. The means of production should never be designated to and owned by
individuals. Free planting is not permitted and products cannot be disposed of freely.
The economy based on the system of ownership by the whole people should not be turned into
an individual economy.

The meeting urged state farms in all areas to strive to stabilize grain acreage and step
up grain production while developing a diversified economy in a planned way. Special
attention should be given to the two weak links: forestry and animal husbandry. It is
necessary to develop the land reclamation industry and joint agriculture-industry-commerce
complexes, increase commodity output and improve product quality.

The meeting also said: This year state farms and land reclamation departments should
continue to train senior and medium-ranking financial and accounting cadres, lower
production costs and scale down or halt production facilities that yield low profits or
incur deficits as a result of mismanagement. It is also necessary to reassure current
sicentists and technicians, fully arouse their enthusiasm and popularize the effective
experience of increasing output as well as advanced technologies.

Directors of state farms and land reclamation departments and bureaus of the various
provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions attending this meeting were revolutionary
veteran cadres as well as veteran fighters on the land reclamation front. They whole-
heartedly supported the decision of the party Central Committee and the State Council

for streamlining administration and restructuring the system. They said that before they
step back to the second echelon or retire, they will select and promote a number of
middle-aged and young cadres to leading posts, help them arrange this year's work and
strive to accomplish the heavy tasks for state farms and land reclamation departments this
year, namely, raising the total industrial and agricultural output value by 7 percent as
compared with last year and reducing the number of enterprises in the red to 25 percent
from last year's 35 percent.

GENG BIAO ADDRESSES CIVIL AVIATION WORK MEETING

OW252024 Beijing Domestic Service in Mandarin 1200 GMT 24 Feb 82

[Text] As a result of efforts to strengthen management and raise economic returns,
China's civil aviation departments overfulfilled all production and flight quotas for air
transportation in 1981, hitting the best record since the founding of the country. A
total of 535 million dun/kilometers of cargo, which is equivalent to 122 percent of the
target,and some 3.6 million passengers were transported.

Recently, the Civil Aviation General Administration held a work conference and decided

that the main tasks for civil aviation in 1982 are to popularize the economic responsibility
system while reorganizing enterprises, consolidate the existing aviation routes, ensure
flight safety and further improve services.

Vice Premier Geng Biao attended and addressed the conference. He pointed out that China's
civil aviation has yet to bring into full play its efficiency and that while comprehensively
reorganizing the enterprises, it is necessary to effectively tap potential and raise
economic returns in order to reach the world's advanced level.

I. 26 Feb 82 K 8 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

RENMIN RIBAO ON BASIS FOR LITERARY WORKS

HK241430 Beijing RENMIN RIBAO in Chinese 17 Feb 82 p 5

[Article by Chen: Baoyun [7115 1405 7189]: "Literature Must Give a Helping Hand to
Social Progress"

[Text] For quite some time in the past, under the guidance of leftist ideology, in regard
to the question of eulogy and exposure, there emerged the deviation of only being able to
eulogize clic glorious and not being able to expose the seamy. This erroneous ideology
caused our literature and art to veer off the course of realism for a while. During the
10 years of chaos, literature and art even fell into the gutter of concealment and
deception. Since the 3d Plenary Session of the 1lth CCP Central Committee, the party

has adopted a series of policies and measures and rectified "leftist'' guiding ideologies.
Thus, the question of eulogy and exposure in literature and art has also been quite
correctly solved. Our literature and art has once again returned to the course of
revolutionary realism. Many fine works have emerged which botn dare to expose the seamy
side of life in society and actively eulogize the glory of socialism. These have been
warmly received and praised by the party and people. Although there has appeared among
these works the extremely one-sided point of view that "only literature that sets out to
expose has any historical value,'' as well as works with other serious erroneous tendencies,
the party's principles and policies have remained the same. This point was discussed
quite clearly by Comrade Hu Yaobang at the playwrights’ conference held the year before
last and by Comrade Hu Qiaomu at last year's conference on questions on the ideological
front. Therefore, the problem of not being allowed to expose the seamy side of life
basically does not exist. Carrying out the necessary criticism of individual erroneous
viewpoints and works with erroneous ideological tendencies enables eulogy and exposure

in literature and art to advance along their proper course and to guide them along the
path of healthy development.

At present, as far as the question of eulogy and exposure is concerned, it is not a matter
of having to eulogize or to expose. Neither is it a question of whether we are able to
expose the seamy side of life, but rather one of how to correctly understand and profoum ly
reflect our social lives and of how to use literature and art to promote the building of

a socialist spiritual civilization and to lend a helping hand to the progress of socialism.
Here I would like to comment on a few miscellaneous ideas.

The question of demarcation. Everything in our lives has its own fixed qualities and has
its own fixed limits. If literature and art are to faithfully reflect life, thev must
accurately master the fixed quality of things and accurately master the demarcation between
things. The question of eulogy and exposure is also like this. If we obscure or confuse
the demarcation between things for instance, or obscure and confuse the true, the good and
the beautiful with the false, the evil and the ugly, then, regardless of whether we are
eulogizing or exposing, there will be no reality or accuracy to speak of. Therefore, we
must first clearly delineate the demarcation between right and wrong, straight and crooked,
good ana evil, beautiful and ugly, glorious and seamy, and worthy and unworthy in life.
Then we can "be good to the good, be evil to the evil, be virtuous to the worthy, and base
to the unworthy" and so eulogize what should be eulogized and expse what should be exposed.

The reason why errors in ideological tendency have emerged in certain works is that the
works have obscured and confused the demarcation between things. As has been pointed out
by some comrades, one of the lessons to be learned from "Unreqiited Love" is that it
obscured the demarcation between new China and old China and confused the demarcation
between our social system and the crimes of the "gang of four," in fact equating Lin Biao
and the "gang of four" with the motherland. Due to the confusion of the demarcation
between right and wrong, the exposure and accusations that should originally have been
directed toward Lin Biao and the "gang of four' were transformed into serious doubts
about and lamentation over socialism under the party.

I, 26 Feb 82 K 9 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Other works seem to expose the disaster that befalla people who believe in contemporary
superstitions. If we are able to stand on the side of the party and the people and adopt
party principles as the leading ideology to faithfully reveal the dangers and effects of
contemporary superstitions, that, naturally, is beyond reproach. However, if we are to
faithfully and profoundly expose the contemporary euperstitions created by Lin Biao and
the “gang of four," we need to conscientiously study the lives that are enshrouded by
contemporary superstitions, and to study the various abnormal relationships between
people who are affected by contemporary superstitions and their various psychological
states. We must also conscientiously probe the complicated social and historical reasons
behind contemporary superstitions. However, in some works, we are unable to discern

such study and searching. They are confused and illogical compositions. They mix
together things of differing natures and have fundamentally obscured the demarcation
between the two.

There is both a glorious and a seamy side to life. Glory is the dominant aspect of life.
Writers are quite at liberty to eulogize glory or expose seaminess. However, no matter
what they are writing, they must look at life with both eyes open. They must see both
seaminess and, what is more important, see glory. It is only in this way that they can
master life, and it is only by mastering Life that they can reflect life through one
Single incident. Everyone should properly understand this. Certain works of Comrade

Li Zhao, like "Drunkard in the Garden,"' "Bowing in Homage" and so forth, have overplayed
the seamy side of life and have, whether inadvertently or not, neglected the glorious
side of life. A mood of absolute misery runs through his works, whether they are about
life during the 10-year disorder or about life after the smashing of the "gang of four."
Not a single ray of hope is discernible in them. Phrases like "I feel that the ocean
will not only swallow up China, but will also swallow up the whole of mankind,” "I am
surprised and bewildered that I have come to the world of ghosts" and so forth, show how
bleak and terrifying his view of life in our society is. It may well be asked where the
future of the motherland lies and where the hopes of the people lie. If, in order to
fill the works with greater misery, a person does not hesitate to neglect the glorious
things in life, this is not realism. Nor does this faithfully reflect life, for it is a
distortion of life.

The question of depth. Both eulogy and exposure require depth. This is because depth is
necessary for enlightening and helping people. It is necessary to help people to under-
stand life, to transform their lives and to promote the progress of life. If we merely
write everyday trivia, even if we flower it up or write in a singular way, it will have
absolutely no meaning. However, profundity does not in any way mean that we should paint
a seamy and miserable picture of life. It does not mean that the greater the picture of
seaminess and misery ar the more serious the problem, the deeper it is and the greater
the profundity. The question of the profundity of literary works refers to the extent
to which works reflect and sum up the essence of life. Only those which reveal the
essence of life can be said to be profound. Those which merely describe the superficial
phenomena of life have no profundity to speak of. Looking at works reflecting the 10-
year disorder, we can discern a phenomenon which gives us quite a lot of food for
thought. Some ideologically profound works do not paint a seamy or miserable picture of
life. It is usually those works which do not have a profound knowledge of, or penetrat-
ing insight into, life that skim the surface of life and have a go at describing life in
all its seaminess and misery. For instance, Comrade Feng Jicai's medium-length novel
"Ah!" is widely recognized as quite a profound work. However, this work did not set out
to introduce us to various cruel punishments. It merely described the psychological
contradictions and conflicts of a handful of people during the "purge." However, in so
doing, it profoundly reflected the essence of the "purge" movement. Through "Ah!," we
can see how the “purge" movement annihilated and tormented souls, how it distorted
relationships between people and how it gave tormenters of the people like Jia Dazhen
the chance to use force However, some comrades content themselves with a vivid

ription of misery, exhibiting filth and using the same old techniques to show

‘iness, but in a new guise. If we do not have a profound knowledge of and penetrating
ght into Life and mess around with describing life in all its seaminess and misery,
!] never be able to achieve profundity in our work.

I, 26 Feb 82 K 10 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Profundity in a work is the result of a writer studying, analyzing and pondering the themes
of life. It is only by studying and deeply pondering the themes of life and, through the
surface of life, delving to the bottom of and mastering life, that works of some ideological
depth can be written.

Of course, studying and pondering over life brings up the question of how we are to study
and ponder. I recall one work in which the writer, through his characters, put forth and
answered the questions of why, during the "Great Cultural Revolution," some people behaved
so badly and so cruelly. It is quite meaningful to study and feel out this question.
However, I do not know how the writer studied and felt it out, for, in the end, he drew
this starting conclusion: The reason why, during the "Great Cultural Revolution," some
people behaved so badly and cruelly was because they were "poor," and "poverty" is the root
of cruelty! This conclusion is obviously untenable. Therefore, if we lack a correct
viewpoint and method, even if we conscientiously study and ponder over life, our pondering
will not achieve any degree of profundity and we will not get any correct answers.

The question of ideals. Since criticizing the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing cliques for practic-
ing deception and fraud in literature and art and for concocting lies, exaggerations and
empty words, there has appeared the phenomenon of rejecting idealism in literature and art.
In fact, literary and artistic creation cannot be separated from ideals. Ideals are the
flame illuminating reality. It is only in the light of ideals that writers can see clearly
which things in life are new and belong to the future, and which are old and are soon to
die out, and can see clearly which should be eulogized and which should be exposed. Why

do some works describe life in such bleak, sad and miserable terms? One important reason
is that, in the writers’ hearts, they lack the light of ideals, they cannot see life's
glories, cannot make the future of the motherland and the direction of the development of
society, and cannot find the connection between today and tomorrow and reality and the future.
Therefore, they can only chant, lament and grieve over certain harsh aspects of reality.
This is not so in the case of Comrade Jiang Zilong. A desire burns within him. This is
the desire to participate actively in real-life struggles, to change the face of reality,
and to pursue and create ideals of a promising future for the motherland. It is precisely
because of this that he is able to correctly judge and distinguish between the glorious

and seamy aspects of real life. He dares to reveal and lash out at seaminess, that is,
reveal and lash out at those old forces and people who hamper the progress of our cause

and to eulogize the pioneers, pace setters and explorers of the four modernizations, like
Qiao Guangpu and Che Pengkuan. Comrade Jiang Zilong's experiences in creation tell us that
it is only when the author's ideals and the people's wishes, the country's future and the
direction of the development of the times accord, that he can sing a tune that meets the
needs of the times and the people. In recent years, we have noticed other eulogies:
eulogies to individualism, to doubting everything, to conversion to a religion, to
fickleness in love, to talented men and beautiful women and so forth. Why have these kinds
of eulogies emerged? I think the reason is that writers lacked a correct viewpoint and
ideal in their minds and so ended up treating those outmoded viewpoints as correct and as
ideal things to eulogize. Of course, when we say that writers must have correct ideals,

we do not require them to idealize life. Using the glory of ideals to illuminate reality
is different from idealizing reality. There is a clear-cut line separating the two.

WENYI BAO DISCUSSES DEMANDS ON LITERATURE, ART

HK250914 Beijing WENYI BAO in Chinese No 1, 7 Jan 82 pp 3-5
[Article by Ji Kai [1015 0418]: "The Everlasting Spring of Literature and Art")

[Text] Spring, what a beautiful season! The vast land is coming back to life. The
flowers are blooming. Spring brings people warmth, hope and happiness....

I, 26 Feb 82 K ll CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Since the 3d Plenary Session of the llth CCP Central Committee, the world of literature
and art has ushered in a beautiful spring. In a matter of a few years, great progress has
been achieved in literature and art. A large number of fine works have appeared on the
scene. Literary and art teams have grown quickly. A colorful and varied picture and a
thriving scene have unfolded before us. The party and the people have warmly affirmed

the marked progress and achievements in literature and art and set great value on them.
The masses of literary and art workers are basking in the warmth of spring with its
caressing breeze, full of confidence and full of pep and drive. They are drawing on their
talent and wisdom to portray our great era and our great people giving full vent to their
emotions.

Some unwelcome weeds have inevitably grown in the garden of literature and art with the
arrival of spring. For several years, in carrying out the line of the 3d Plenary Session
of the llth CCP Central Committee, people in literary and art circles have suffered from
interference from the "left" or the right. Especially recently there has appeared a
tendency toward bourgeois liberalization. In ‘iterary and art works, there have often
appeared mistakes of one kind or another. Therefore, the party has called for correctly
criticizing these mistakes according to the scientific laws governing literature and art
and overcoming the ideological state of weakness and laxity. This is an entirely correct
and timely move.

However, some comrades have still not gotten used to the conducting of normal criticism in
the literary and art field. On hearing that literary and art criticism and ideological
struggle will be started, they begin to think that there must have been a change in party
policy. They may also worry that this will affect the thriving growth of literature and
art. Some even say mournfully, "If a few rainstorms come, the spring will be gone before
we know it.'' They sound as if the spring of socialist literature and art is behind them.
This is obviously incorrect.

Our party has called for strengthening the criticism of literature and art. This is a
normal demand in the development of socialist literature and art. The criticism of
literature and art is a science. It complements creation in the literary and art field.
Our purpose in criticizing literature and art in a scientific and normal way is, on the

one hand, to affirm the outstanding results achieved and criticize those works that are
failures or misguided. More important, our aim is to study the problems of how law relates
to art and aesthetics and sum up the experiences in creation through analyzing the phenomena
of literature and art. This will enable correct aesthetic thinking to guide and stimulate
the development of literature and art. Meanwhile, this will also help the masses to raise
their capacity for appreciation. Therefore, the conduct of normal Marxist literary and

art criticism is nothing but an indispensable part of the effort to develop socialist
literature and art. Conversely, without such healthy literary and art criticism, creation
will come to the stage where there is no distinction between good and bad works. Where
"flowers are not watered" and "weeds are not removed," the spring of literature and art
cannot last long.

However, our criticism of literature end art still leaves much to be desired. There are
still only very few literary and art commentators who are really "well versed in Marxist-
Leninist marksmanship." The ranks of literary and art commentators are still widely
scattered, falling far short of meeting the needs in the current situation of literature
and art. We must further promote and strengthen literary and art criticism. This criticism
should be further stimulated and be made a normal procedure. Through the actual practice
of scientific literary and art criticism, we must cultivate and train a strong force of
critics of theory. This is actually an unusually urgent task in literature and art. Some
comrades have said: Our level of literary and art criticism is not high. This is a fact.
But where does a high-level Marxist literary and art criticism force come from? It is a
result of practical training. Without starting normal literary and art criticism, we can
never have a high-level literary and art criticism force.

frue, the world of literature and art for years did witness crude and excessive "literary
and art criticism" and “ideological struggle" running counter to the science of Marxism.

I, 26 Feb 82 K 12 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Many comrades hated this, They still now have misgivings. This is entirely understand-
able. But it should be noted that major changes have taken place in actual life. Our
party has correctly summed up both positive and negative experiences in literature and
art over the past 30-odd years. It has solemnly declared on many occasions: We can
never repeat the past mistakes. It has also worked out a series of correct principles
and methods on the conducting of literary and art criticism. It was pointed out:

"Those works and opinions that are wrong can and also should be subject to ission
and criticism. Any such discussion or criticism should be really comradely, : tional,
sensible, appropriate and convincing and must also consider opposing arguments." Speak-
ing on behalf of the party Central Committee, Comrade Hu Qiaomu recently stressed:
"Comrade Deng Xiaoping's greeting speech at the fourth national congress of literary and
art circles in 1979 and the CCP Central Committee's notice on seriously upholding the
spirit of the fourth national congress of literary and art circles in 1980 still hold
good in every way. Since the third plenary session, the party's guideline has been
consistent. The party's line on literature and art, culture, academics and
intellectuals has also been consistent. No fluctuation has been seen. Nor is any
fluctuation likely or allowed."' Comrade Hu Yaobang also pointed out: On the
ideological front, the party "has always been mindful and capable of eliminating
interference from any quarter." "The party Central Committee has conscientiously guided
the whole party and will continue to do so. It has taken an analytical attitude toward
those people in literary and art circles, theoretical circles, publishing circles and
press circles who published seriously erroneous views, and has taken a correct approach
toward them while keeping different conditions in mind." The recent criticism of the
film script "Unrequited Love" and other works in the literary and art circles is a vivid
case in point. Such healthy and normal criticism has shown initial satisfactory
results. This has not only proved helpful to the criticized writers themselves but also
resulted in an elevation of people's awareness. The masses of literary and art workers
have thus felt the strength of party policy and the warmth of the spring of literature
and art.

Of course, the key to a more beautiful spring in literature and art lies in really
producing works worthy of our great era. This requires us to greatly develop the
capacity for creation. For some time recently, certain comrades had misgivings when it
came to the subject of writing. They took a doubtful and wait-and-see attitude toward
writing. This is also uncalled for. Since the third plenary session, our party has
never stipulated what can be written about and what cannot, or which characters should
be portrayed and which should not. On the contrary, it has been pointed out many times:
"Such complicated mental work as literature and art calls greatly for the development of
the creative spirit of writers and artists. What should be written and how it is
written can only be matters explored and gradually solved by writers and artists in
artistic practice. There should be no undue interference in this regard." This is to
say that the theme of literature and art “ranges far and wide," spanning ages and cover-
ing vast distances. The writer can write freely with his pen. Meanwhile, the party has
also called on writers and artists to stir vp their spirits and shift the focus of
creation to the current struggle of the people throughout the country in building a new
life. They must strive to reflect the new life related to the modernization effort and
create the images of new socialist persons, so that we can more effectively give
expression to the spirit of our era and boost morale on various fronts and the morale

of the people of the whole country in a joint effort aiming toward modernization. These
ideas are usually timely and necessary, as far as current literary and art work is
concerned. They will also have a far-reaching influence on the development of the

whole socialist cause of literature and art.

Several years ago, our literature and art gave relatively great attention to writing on
the 10 years of turmoil. Most of the works had a positive effect on the masses. The
themes then taken up can of course be given continuous attention in the future. So long
as we treat them in a correct and penetrating manner, we can inspire people with and
give them strength to push forward and win the support of the people.

26 Feb 82 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

But we must also note that, after all, works of this kind cannot replace those on the new
life and new people, Today, we have entered a great new era. Hundreds of millions of
people are marching forward at an unprecedentedly steady pace in a joint struggle to

build new life under the leadership of the party. With their own acts, people are

writing the most glorious history of the socialist motherland. Meanwhile, in the
struggle, they are creating a supremely new and beautiful spirit. New persons, new deeds
and new ideas have kept surging forth. Such is the shining history that has appeared --
history which is quickly developing as time goes by. What should we do, as far as our
literature and art are concerned? Should we take a wait-and-see attitude, or should we
reflect the situation in a timely and enthusiastic manner? Should we seek reflection in
a casual and brief manner, or should we, in an artistic form, penetratingly portray the
features of the era and present the new spirit of the nation and historical laws? This

is the problem of "writing one's own history," as far as literature and art are concerned,
This new history in the form of literature and art, written well or badly, concerns every
artist or writer. Therefore, reflecting the new life of the masses of people and portraying
new socialist people is an important matter in the current creative efforts in the
literary and art field. The masses of people fervently hope that they can see the new
history and new beautiful things that they themselves have created in the new era. They
can be inspired and influenced thereby and build a new life with still greater vigor.

This is needed by the people, needed in the era and needed in the development of socialist
literature and art.

In February 1980, Comrade Hu Yaobang said sincerely in a speech at a forum on the writing
of scripts: "It has been over a year since we shifted the focus of our work. If after

the first year of the 1980's, we have still failed to produce a few operas, films and
novels that reflect relatively well real life in the ‘four-modernization' effort, comrades,
will we then still have nothing to be ashamed of? Willwe,on our part, still have

nothing to be ashamed of? Should we not be anxious? But it helps nothing if we are

merely anxious; you on your part must first of all feel anxious. Therefore, you must pay
attention to works which reflect the 'four-modernization' effort and which call for a

brave march toward modernization." Almost 2 years have passed since this was said.
What have we done? It should be admitted that we have not done enough. Now, given
socialist reality marked by rapid and spectacular progress, can we just sit tight? How
can we still not feel anxious?

In sum, subjects of creation in literature and art must be varied and have a reference
point. A writer must not only portray the kind of life with which he is familiar.
Rather he must also continuously broaden his horizon and acquaint himself with current
new life. This is a broad path. All writers and artists bent on developing socialist
literature and art should rid themselves of all unnecessary worries, face up to reality,
arouse their spirits, write boldly, seek increasing perfection and really produce for
the people works of art which are of high standard and which are a source of inspiration
to the people in their advance.

To this end, literary and art workers must live intensively, plunge into the heat of
struggle of the masses of people, imitate their lofty qualities, experience what they
think and feel, improve their own capacity for understanding the world amidst the masses'
life of struggle and thus draw on their subject matter. The artistic life of all
progressive literary and art workers depends on their flesh-and-blood ties with the
people. If such ties are forgotten, neglected or severed, artistic life will peter out.
Just as Comrade Deng Xiaoping said, "We must consciously turn to the life of the people
for source material, themes, scenes, language, poetic inspiration, and so forth and
thrive on the brave spirit which the people have demonstrated in making history. This
is a basic path toward the thriving growth of our socialist literature and art." This
basic path has been proved correct by the history of the development of literature and
art. Since the Yanan forum on literature and art, all of those revolutionary writers

who have really made their mark have had close ties with the masses.

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Those writers and those works divorced from the people and from real life have long been
consigned to oblivion, One of the weaknesses that has gradually been discovered in some
writers' recent works is precisely a lack of involvement with life and mediocre performance
in thinking. Therefore, we must adopt varied patterns to organize an increasingly large
number of writers and artists to consciously plunge into the struggle of the masses of
people in building a new life. This is, in every sense, an urgent matter calling for
immediate attention to developing socialist literature and art.

To correctly portray life, writers and artists must first of all correctly acquaint them-
selves with life. To this end, we must, while being deeply involved with life, step up

the study of Marxism-Leninism and strive to use the stand, viewpoint and method of
dialectical materialism and historical materialism, Thus we will be able to analyze life
and understand life in an effort to raise our ability to see through the outward appearance
to get at the essence. Subjectively, some writers have dearly wanted to reflect life
truthfully, but as a result of their own complicated lives, they lack correct judgment, or
just see the appearance and not the essence of things, or just see the part and not the
whole of a thing. The main reason for this is that they have not properly mastered
dialectical materialism and historical materialism as a sharp weapon. Therefore, stepping
up the study effort in this respect is likewise an urgent task in literary and art circles.
At present, an extremely small number of people on the social scene have vehemently denied,
underrated and distorted the role and significance of Marxist theory, spreading such ideas
as "theory is useless," "writers are capable of producing equally good works without
studying theory," "the study of theory is likely to deprive people of the power to produce
good works," and so forth. Of course, this is wrong.

A new year is now before us. Let us score still greater outstanding achievements under
the leadership of the party, so that the spring of socialist literature and art can last,
develop and grow more beautiful!

BAI HUA DISCUSSES ERRORS IN 'UNREQUITED LOVE’
HK250748 Beijing WENYI BAO in Chinese 7 Jan 82 pp 29-31

[Article by Bai Hua: "On the Correspondence About 'Unrequited Love' -- Letter
to the Editorial Departments of JIEFANGJUN BAO and WENYI BAO"}

[Text] Thanks to JIEFANGJIIN BAO and WENYI BAO I have been able to read quite a few
critical articles on "Unrequited Love." These articles fully embody the responsible
attitude the nation's people have towards the party's artistic cause as well as the
concern they have for me personally. I should like to discuss here both my own under-
standing and my sense of gratitude.

The resentment I felt when JIEFANGJUN BAO first began its criticism of "Unrequited Love"
in the spring only goes to show that I lacked the open-minded attitude of "feeling happy
when errors are pointed out" and that I completely ignored the principled stand of
JIEFANGJUN BAO. Looking back on this today, I am even more convinced that JIEFANGJUN BAO's
launching of such criticism was entirely called for. The signed article in WENYI BAO both
inspired and assisted me. It was only after a considerable length of time that I came to
recognize that the errors of the film script "Unrequited Love" were "a clear expression

in the area of artistic creation of the tide of erroneous thinking that has led certain
people to deviate from the leadership of the party and the socialist path." The fact

that the party could earnestly admonish an ordinary party-member writer in such a heart-
to-heart manner fully embodies the importance it attaches to and the concern it has for
literary and artistic work. Furthermore, the party gave me ample time to consciously
understand and ponder the problem. Such a great current of warmth had never been felt
before. Some comrades asked me whether or not I felt I was under great pressure. I
answered honestly, saying, on the contrary, I only felt great warmth.

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As everyone knows, my film script contained a great deal of material depicting an
intellectual's so-called "bitter love for the motherland," but failed to draw any rigor-
ous distinction between the "gang of four" on one hand, and tie socialist motherland, the
party and the people on the other. Yecause of this, the more the film script played up
this love, the louder it praised this intellectual's unhealthy feelings of loneliness,
with the result that this "love" was transformed into resentment against the socialist
motherland. This could not but leave people with only one possible impression: Neither
communism nor the socialist system is any good. The facts of life, however, are that
during the 10 years of chaos the party, the motherland and people of all nationalities
suffered hardships. My film script, however, gave an inadequate description of the love
felt toward intellectuals dyring this time of common suffering by the party, the country
and people of all nationalities. The love felt by those who shared the same fate was

the very source of the intellectuals’ unshakable faith and indomitable fighting spirit.
During the 10 years of chaos there were many moving examples of this; and it is only
because I enjoyed the protection and constant encouragement of the party, the army and
the broad masses of the people that I managed to surv’ve and was able to retain my
ideals. This proves that I was never an “unrequited lover" of the motherland. While

the film script did offer glimpses of the masses, it depicted them as being weak and
powerless. Rather than expressing the faith of the masses, a faith which was the driving
force behind the smashing of the "gang of four" by the party and people, the people in
the film script merely sighed and meekly submitted to suppression. Because I departed
from my own positive experience of real life and began wallowing in the tragedy of what
had happened to certain intellectuals during the 10 years of chaos, I came to neglect

the mighty power of the people and to exaggerate the evil strength of the "gang of four."
In actual fact, the 10 years of the "Cultural Revolution" "never actually destroyed our
party, and it was still possible to maintain unity.'' This was the foundation of the
united broad masses of the people's victorious struggle against the "gang of four." It
was only because "the basis of our country's socialist system still existed" and because
the "party, the people's political power, the People's Army and the basic nature of
society all remained unchanged" that once the "gang of four" had been smashed, especially
after the 3d Plenary Session of the llth CCP Central Committee, the political situation
became increasingly vivid and lively. The wide scope of the film script highlighted
catastrophe and persecution and gave a confused picture of the proportion between light
and darkness: The image of society is one of hopeless bleakness and terror. The way in
which the film script played up the protagonist's "love" by exaggerating the contrast
between his good fortune abroad and the unhappiness and injustice he felt after returning
home could only increase the doubts of those people who have lost faith in the party

and the socialist cause.

In addition to this, the film script also used the notion of idolatry to erroneously
reduce the whole of the 10-year period of disorder to the question of the personality cult
centered on Comrade Mao Zedong. The power of art lies in the use of images, and the
power of negative images often goes far beyond their own logical implications, becoming
nothing more than mistaken outlines. The only possible result of this is satire and

the simple negation of Mao Zedong. This obviously damages the deep affection the broad
masses have toward revolutionary leaders and reveals the absence of a serious scientific
attitude with regard to the merits and demerits of Comrade Mao Zedong. At the same time,
to attribute such adoration to the ignorance of the masses was also entirely unjustified.

As JIEFANGJUN BAO and WENYI BAO pointed out, "Unrequited Love" only helped to promote
certain ideological trends which had not yet been corrected. This amounted to dereliction
of the artist's responsibility.

As the article in JIEFANGJUN BAO and WENYI BAO present a comprehensive analysis of the
ideological and artistic aspects of "“Unrequited Love," offering both honest appraisal
and assistance, there is not much more to be said here. But please let me take this
opportunity to discuss the lessons of "Unrequited Love" in the light of the questions
raised by the confused and contradictory aspects of my own view of the world.

I, 26 Feb 82 K 16 CHINA
PRC NATIONAL AFFAIRS

The fact that at any historical turning point a serious-minded author will both examine
various questions in the hope of summing up the lessons of history and give expression to
such thoughts in his works does not give cause for criticism, However, because of my
incorrect starting point I created a work such as "Unrequited Love" which benefited neither
the people nor socialism,

On the one hand, the line of the 3d Plenary Session of the llth CCP Central Committee and the
popularity among the people of the core of the Central Committee's leadership have aroused
both a feeling of heartfelt joy and a sense of great confidence in the party and the socialist
cause, The steadfast courage displayed by the masses during the tortuous course of history
has given me great hope. On the other hand, however, I failed to examine and correctly

judge the 10 years of chaos and its sequela, often preferring to slip into feelings of
aloofness and confusion. Such a mood is amply demonstrated by my uncritical portrayal of

an ideologically weak intellectual as the protagonist in "Unrequited Love."

On the one hand, I feel deeply indebted to the party for the efforts that have been made
since the 3d Plenary Session of the llth CCP Central Committee to implement the party's
policy toward intellectuals. The injustices of the past 10 or more years have been brought
to light and redressed. The position of intellectuals in the revolutionary cause has again
been emphasized and there have been efforts to bring the intelligence and wisdom of
intellectuals into full play. My own experience offers a very convincing example of this.
Never before has any historical period excited me or filled me with so much creative vigor
as the last few years. On the other hand, however, I linked and even equated what has been
the fate of feudal intellectuals ever since Qu Yuan with the unfair treatment I suffered
myself because of the leftist errors of the party's policy. The tragic and dispirited mood of
the final scene of "Unrequited Love" reflected this contradiction.

On the one hand, I am the same as many other comrades who marched a long and victorious

road under the banner of the party and Mao Zedong and am deeply aware of the contributions
Comrade Mao Zedong made both to our people's liberation and to the founding of new China.

On the other hand, however, I felt perplexed by the mistakes of Comrade Mao Zedong in his
later years and the blind adoration of him by myself and others. In "Unrequited Love" the
revolutionary leader was compared to a Buddhist idol, a symbol of feudal superstition. This
was a reflection of my own confusion and emotional immaturity.

I realize that in the past I was apt to follow other people blindly and to readily believe
what other people said. This problem should have been resolved through a strengthening of
both my party spirit and Marxist-Leninist theoretical cultivation. Instead, however, I

went from one extreme to the other, from having no self-confidence to being overly confident,
becoming someone who often expressed a deep contempt for everyone else.

I have been involved off and on in literary work for more than 30 years. While I am deeply
aware of the complexities of spiritual production, products of the spirit must in the end

all reflect the spiritual condition of the spiritual laborer. In the past, wrong

criticism from any quarter made me feel as if I had been wronged. Unable to accept

criticism, I was unable to find the reason for my mistakes in the contradictions of my view of
the world. This too was a reflection of my weak party spirit and my arrogant pride. Whenever
contradictions develop in an author's view of the world or confusion arises in his creative
thinking, the party should promptly alert him and even carry out criticism. As far as

authors who have made mistakes themselves and the ranks of writers in general are concerned,
such treatment reflects the greatest care and concern. Moreover, this is the party's
consistent policy. During the war of resistance against Japan the party Central Committee
held the Yanan forum on art and literature. Even today the speech given by Comrade Mao
Zedong is of general guidng significance. The entire course of criticism against "Unrequited
Love" showed that we are at present trying to put criticism and self-criticism back on the
right path. It also proved that both the party and the broad masses pay a great deal of
attention to an author's progress. Rather than attack me they chose to offer their sympathy
and helped me move forward.

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Even now I am still unable to say that my understanding is particularly deep. My under-
standing will gradually deepen in accordance with the forward progress of life in society;
and by increasingly accepting social practice and taking serious note of its lessons, I
shall be able to correct past mistakes in my new works. In the past I paid considerable
attention to the lessons of historical errors and distanced myself from the heat of bring-
ing order out of chaos, and even began to lose my sense of proportion. In the future, if
I am to conscientiously examine and study life in society during this period of great
change and familiarize myself with all types of people, I must go deep into the thick of
life itself. At the same time, it is necessary for me to raise my theoretical level of
Marxism-Leninism, to strengthen my party spirit, and to uphold the four basic principles.
One should sing praises to the communist ideals, the main current of life which struggles
to make China rich and strong, and also the tremendous achievements of the People's Army
both in war and in socialist construction. One must be truly responsible to history, to
the people and to the party.

I offer my heartfelt thanks to those comrades in the editorial department of JIEFANGJUN

BAO and WENYI BAO for having taken such a keen interest in my progress. Let us advance
arm-in-arm along the road towards the magnificent goal of the four modernuizations.

RENMIN RIBAO ON CHINESE, WESTERN FEUDAL SOCIETY

HK231502 Beijing RENMIN RIBAO in Chinese 15 Feb 82 p 5

[Article by Shen Dingping [3088 1353 1627] excerpted from the No 1, 1982 issue of
ZHONGGUOSHI YANJIU DONGTAI [TRENDS IN CHINESE HISTORICAL RESEARCH]: "A General Roundup
of Discussions on the Cause of the Prolonged Existence of China's Feudal Society"]

[Text] As early as the 1930's, the cause of the prolonged existence of China's feudal
society was one of the topics of debate in the field of the history of social development.
During the 1950's and 1960's, some scholars went further into the topic.

In recent years, scholars have put forth some new problems in their discussions on the
cause of the prolonged existence of China's feudal society. Liu Chang's article "A
Tentative Discussion on the Prolonged Existence of China's Feudal Society" (published in
the No 2, 1981 issue of LISHI YANJIU [HISTORICAL RESEARCH] has caught people's attention.
Basically, the focus of the present discussion is on some fundamental viewpoints in this
article. The main differences of opinion can be summed up in the following questions:

1. Was China's feudal society fully feudalized? After comparing the history of China
with that of Western Europe, Lui Chang maintains that the feudalization of Western Europe
was marked by serfdom, land ownership based on the manorial system and pluralist politics.
In regard to its cause and contents, the feudalization of China was the same as that of
Western Europe. However, only Western Europe experienced the changes of feudalization.
The degree of feudalization in the Chinese society was not as high as that experienced by
Western Europe after the ninth century. Feudalization was never completed in China,
although some traces of feudalization repeatedly occurred. Therefore, the system of
unified and autocratic centralized state power in China was able to last for a long time.
It stifled the only economic force (the free and independent development of industry and
commerce) which would bring about basic changes in the feudal society, and blocked and
destroyed any minor social progress. This was the cause of the prolonged existence of
China's feudal society.

Comrades Cheng Hong, Wang Shoujia and Zhu Xiaoyuan do not agree with the above views. In
his article entitled "On the Cause of the Prolonged Existence of China's Feudal Society"
(published in the No 4, 1981 issue of FUDAN XUEBAO [FUDAN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL]; Cheng Hong
said: The cause of the prolonged existence of China's feudal society was not due to the
fact that feudalization had never been completed in China. On the contrary, the high-
level development of the feudal social form blocked the transition of the society to a
newer social form. The high-level feudalization of China was obviously imbued with more
progressive colorings than the feudal and manorial system in Western Europe. As to the
reason why the high-level feudalization of China was not able to turn the country into a
capitalist society, the author of the article thinks that this problem can be explored
from two aspects.

I. 26 Feb 82 K 18 CHINA
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First, the high-level feudalization of China opened up brighter prospects for the develop-
ment of China's productive force than that of the manorial system in Western Europe. More
concessions were made. Therefore, the outbreak of a general feudal social crisis was
postponed, Second, the high-level of feudalization enabled the Chinese society to acquire
an ability for spontaneous readjustment and constant motion so that the basic social con-
tradictions could be eased and the disastrous "earthquake" be turned into several "minor
earthquakes."' This considerably prolonged the life of the feudal social form.

In his article, "On Several Viewpoints of 'A Tentative Discussion on the Prolonged
Existence of China's Feudal Society'" (published in the No 3, 1981 issue of ZHONGGUOSHI
YANJIU [CHINESE HISTORICAL RESEARCH ), Wang Shoujia pointed out: According to an historical
materialist viewpoint, feudalization refers to the shaping and establishment of the feudal
production relationships; that is, the historical process of the replacement of a slave-
owning system by a feudal system. Historical facts have proved that when the feudalization
in Western Europe was completely established, China had already passed the golden age of
feudalism -- the prosperous Tang period -- and was advancing toward the later stages of

the feudal society. The Chinese people had developed very splendid science and culture
which had played a great role in promoting the civilization of the world. This was
inseparable from the completion of the feudalization of China. Therefore, the viewpoint
that feudalization in Chin? was never completed cannot be theoretically justified.

Zhu Xiaoyuan queries the validity of Liu Chang's viewpoint from the angle of methodology.
In his article "Full Development Is the Cause of the Prolonged Existence of a Social Form --
a Discussion on Why Feudal Society in China Existed for Such a Long Time," (published in
the No 4, 1981 issue of FUDAN XUEBAO) he pointed out: The reason why some scholars think
that feudal society in China did not fully develop is that they fail to proceed from the
characteristics of the feudal society itself to explore the problem of "complete
feudalization."" Instead, they take the "results" that Western Europe became a capitalist
society faster than China as the starting point of the discussion. Due to their erroneous
methodology, their aryuments are self-contradictory. On the one hand, they admit that the
feudal system in Chine was very powerful and incomparably autocratic; on the other hand,
they believe that this kind of very powerful feudal system was rudimentary feudalism
which was not typical nor fully developed.

2. Did peasant war curb the progress of feudalization? Liu Chang maintains that small
farmers who accounted for the majority of population in China's feudal society always
played a latent and decisive role in the society. Their political influence was reflected
not only in the unified and autocratic state of power, but also in large-scale peasant
uprising and peasant war which broke out periodicaily. Peasant war was actually a tool
used by the supporters of the autocratic system to avert crises in the imperial court and
realize their aim of dynastic changes [as published] and was a special means employed by
the supporters of the autocratic system to oppose feudalization. Thus by repeatedly
utilizing this means, the autocrats stubbornly blocked the progress of feudalization.
Therefore, Liu Chang argues that each and every large-scale peasant uprising severely
curbed the progress of feudalization. From a long-term historical view, peasant war not
only failed to promote the progress of history, but also impeded it to a certain extent.

Cheng Wutong challenges this viewpoint. In his article "Some Ideas on the Current Study

of the History of Peasant War" (published in GUANGMING RIBAO, 17 August 1981), he points
out first of all that he does not accept the view that the feudal autocracy and centralized
state power in China were based on a small-scale peasant economy. He maintains that the
land ownership by the landlords was the nucleus of the production relationships of
feudalism. Feudal autocracy and centralized state power were established on this economic
basis and also served it. The small-scale peasant economy was only dependent and
supplementary to the landlord economy, and it did not play a decisive role in the feudal
society. He cites the Ming and Qing Dynasties as examples, because they were critical
periods in which China was turned from an advanced to a backward country.

I. 26 Feb 82 K 19 CHINA
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Chen Wutong stresses that peasant war in these two dynasties not only continued to

smash the feudal production relationships which were increasingly decadent, but also
promoted the development of productive forces and the commodity economy. This paved

the way for the rudiments and development of capitalist factors and played the role of
destroying the feudal production modes. Wang Shoujia thinks that although war naturally
brought about destruction, each large-scale peasant uprising destroyed the most rotten
part of the productive relationships of feudalism and thus the feudal productive relation-
ships could readjust themselves to suit the needs of the productive forces. Therefore,
the feudal productive forces developed in spirals and feudal society in China advanced
amid this spiral development.

3. Were the threats and invasions by the alien nomadic tribes the key factors which
widely distributed the history of China from that of the west? Liu Chang maintains that
in the entire world history of feudalism, just like Byzantium and India, China was an
agricultural society which was threatened by the subsistence encirclement of the nomadic
tribes. To defeat and guard against the constant invasion and harassment of the nomadic
tribes, the entire society had to be unified and the manpower and material resources

of the whole country had to be concentrated. At that time, only the centralized auto-
cratic state power could adopt this organizational device. This was the basic reason why
feudal society in China could curb the normal progress of feudalism and prolong the existence
of autocratic centralized state power. Unlike feudal society in China, there was no
foreign aggression in the feudal era of Western Europe. Its road toward feudalization was
not obstructed bv any alien factors or forces. It is safe to say that the feudalization
of Western Europe was purely the result of the movement of opposing forces within the
society. therefore, Liu Chang said: The conclusion is obvious that the constant invasion
of the alien nomadic tribes was a crucial factor which distinguished the history of China
from that of the West.

Wang Shoujia argues that we should look at problems from all sides while analyzing the
sabotaging role played by the constant invasion of the nomadic tribes from the north of

our country. On the one hand, their invasion did influence the progress of feudal society
in China; on the other hand, it accelerated the assimilation of the Chinese mationalities
and promoted the feudalization process of various minority nationalities, bésides the

Han nationality, and speeded up the econom’c development of the areas to the south of the
Chang Jiang. What then was the real cause of the prolonged existence of the feudal society
in China? He maintains that neither the external cause nor geographical environment played
t! . crucial role. The prolonged existence of the feudal society in China was determined

by the mode of production and characteristics of the society itself. It is necessary to
make a comparison between the feudal society in the West and that in China. However, it

is not advisable for us to use the matrix of Western history to interpret Chinese history.

CHINA DAILY REPRINTS ARTICLE ON AUTONOMY POLICY

HK260130 Beijing CHINA DAILY in English 26 Feb 82 p 4

{("Opinion" column article: "China's Autonomy Policy in Line With Marxist Principles" --
reprinted from XINJIANG RIBAO; date not given]

[Text] The Chinese Communist Party's policy on regional autonomy for minority nationalities
is a good illustration of the practice of Marxist principles.

China is a unitary multi-national state. The existing :onstitution stipulates: ''Regional
autonomy applies in an area where a minority nationality lives in a compact community.
All the national autonomous areas are inalienable parts of the People's Republic of China."

This principle is based on Marxist theory which holds that the problem of national minorities
is an important part of the whole proletarian revolution, and the settlement of this
problem should accord with the fundamental interests of the working class.

I, 26 Feb 82 K 20 CHINA
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China has five autonomous regions -- the Inner Mongolian, Ningxia Hui, Xinjiang Uygur,
Guangxi Zhuang and Tibetan Autonomous Regions -- 29 autonomous prefectures and 73
autonomous counties or banners. These areas can be grouped into three types:

-- Autonomy for a single minority inhabiting an exclusive area. This applies to the
Tibetans in Tibet, the Hui in Ningxia, the Yi in Liangshan in Sichuan and the Olunchun
in Heilongjiang.

-- Autonomy for one major minority with another one or two groups living in the same
area. This is the case in Xinjiang and Guangxi.

-- Autonomy in an area with two or more minorities living together. Examples are the
Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan, the Mongolian-Tibetan-Kazak Autonomous
Prefecture of Haixi in Qinghai, and the Miao-Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou.

In addition, some minorities are spread among several autonomous areas. The Tibetans,
for instance, live in more than 10 autonomous prefectures or counties in Gansu, Qinghai,
Sichuan and Yunnan as well as Tibet.

The party's autonomous policy has proved successful in guaranteeing minority peoples

the right to run their own internal affairs, promoting unity among nationalities,
consolidating national unity and developing the culture and economy of the minority
areas.

Successful

China employs national autonomy under a state central goverment rather than federations
or a union of states like the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia for the following reasons:

-- China is a multinational state with the Han nationality making up the overwhelming
majority of the population -- 94 percent. The over 50 national minorities with a total
population of about 55 million make up only 6 percent. But their members are widely
spread over some 50-60 percent of the nation's territory. Minority groups usually live
among one another, with a few examples of groups living in their own exclusive areas.

-- China has been a unified state under a central government since the Qin (221-206 B.C.)
and Han (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) Dynasties. Cultural and economic interchanges among
nationalities have gone on since then. The different groups have lived, worked and
fought oppressors and invaders together. They have become inseparable in making up

the nation and the culture of China as a whole.

-- The party wants to further consolidate national unity and unity among the nationalities
in the current modernisation drive. The minority areas are comparatively backward in
culture and economy, and for historical reasons, have sparse populations. But they

live on vast lands with rich natural resources. The Han, though more advanced in culture
and economy, is troubled by overpopulation. The Han and the minorities must help each
other to bring both human and natural resources into full play in the building of
socialism.

No other road but joining the big family of the nation can lead the minorities towards
prosperity and advancement. Separation and independent development would go against
popular will.

26 Feb 82 REGIONAL AFFATRS
EAST REGION

XIANG NAN, OTHERS ATTEND FUZHOU PLA MEETING

OW260611 Fuzhou Fujian Provincial Service in Mandarin 1120 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] A meeting of representatives of advanced units and individuals of the Fuzhou
PLA units in building a socialist spiritual civilization opened ceremoniously in
Fuzhou this morning. Yang Chengwu, commander of the Fuzhou PLA units; Fu Kuiqing,
political commissar of the same units; Xiang Nan, first secretary of the Fujian
Provincial CCP Committee; Ma Zingyuan, Fujian governor; and Fu Yutian, secretary

of the Jiangxi Provincial CCP Committee; as well as representatives of advance

units and individuals and commanders and fighters of PLA units stationed in Fuzhou --
totaling more than 2,300 people -- attended this morning's meeting.

Comrade Yang Chengwu presided. Comrade Fu Kuiqing gave the opening speech.

Fu Kuiqing said: The purpose of this meeting is to commend the advanced units and
individuals who distinguished themselves in building a socialist spiritual civilization,
to sum up the experience of the past year in launching the activities of the "four haves,"
"three stresses" and "two fear not's" [have ideals, morality, knowledge and physical
strength stress soldier's appearance and bearing, courtesy, and discipline; fear neither
hardship nor sacrifice] and to further implement the series of instructions issued by the
CCP Central Committee and its military commission on building a socialist spiritual
civilization. It aims at further promoting activities in the army units on building

a socialist spiritual civilization and speeding up the building of a modern, regular
revolutionary army.

Fu Kuiqing asked all advanced units and individuals to regard as their bounden duty
serving as pace setters in building a socialist spiritual civilization and play an
exemplary role at their respective posts. He asked all subordinate military units to
seriously study the experience of the advanced units and individuals and the experience
of Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces in building socialist spiritual civilization in order
to produce more advanced units and individuals.

Comrades Xiang Nan and Fu Yutian gave their warm greetings to the meeting on behalf of
the Fujian and Jiangxi Provincial CCP Committees, standing committees of the provincial
people's congresses and people's governments.

Cao Punan, director of the political department of the Fuzhou PLA units, delivered a
work report entitled: "Enhance spirit, vigorously carry out the tasks and advance the
work of buildine a socialist spiritual civilization."

Also attending today's meeting were Zhu Shaoqing, Zhu Yaohua, (Zhang Xianyang), Shi Yichen,
Wu Chunren, (Tian Shixing), Liao Haiguang, Long Feihu, (Song Weishi), Wang Zhi, Lu Sheng,
Yin Mingliang, Xie Jiaxiang, Zhang Lixiong and (Zhao Huaqing), leading comrades of the
Fuzhou PLA units.

Leading comrades of the leading organs and various services and arms under the Fuzhou
PLA units and leading comrades of the Fuzhou Municipal CCP Committee and people's government

were also present.

XIANG NAN AT FUJIAN MEETING OF PARTY SECRETARIES

OW260353 Beijing Domestic Service in Mandarin 1200 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] While speaking at the meeting, which was concluded yesterday, of party secretaries
at prefecture, nunicipal and county level in Fujian Province, First Secretary Xiang Nan

of the Fujian Provincial CCP Committee emphatically pointed out: Cadres of the party must
strive to become resolute, clear-headed and promising Marxists. He added: Simultaneously
with waging a resolute struggle against smuggling, corruption, bribery and other economic
crimes, we must also persist in an open-door policy and, at the same time, enliven our own
domestic economy. Under no circumstances should we slacken our efforts to conduct economic
work with foreign countries.

I. 26 Feb 82 0 2 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
EAST REGION

Comrade Xiang Nan said: Various localities of Fujian Province have severaly dealt with some
cases of economic crimes over the past month. This has received warm support from the broad
masses of people, and heightened our cadres' spirit. The situation in Fujian is splendid.
The question now is how to raise our understanding, draw a clear-cut line of demarcation
between right and wrong and adopt more effective measures in dealing with economic crimes.

He added: Leading comrades of the central authorities have recently pointed out that

we must strive to become resolute, clear-headed and promising Marxists, and that we

must clearly understand the seriousness of smuggling, corruption and bribery in corroding
Our party and damaging our social practices. Only by resolutely fighting against criminal
activities in the economic field and checking unhealthy practices such as smuggling,
corruption and bribery, can special policies be implemented in Fujian, the four fundamental
principles be upheld and economic work with foreign countries be developed healthily.

Xiang Nan pointed out: In order to win victory in this struggle, it is important to adopt
policies of punishment, reorganization and education separately in dealing with each case.
Regarding those major important and long-standing cases, especially the major cases of
economic crime which involved responsible party cadres, we must maintain a firm grip and
deal with them resolutely. In dealing with those who have committed serious offenses, they
must be punished swiftly and severely. Regarding coastal counties, communes and production
brigades which are seriously involved in smuggling activities, work teams formed by

capable personnel should be sent to carry out restructuring work there. The masses of cadres
and people throughout the province must be thoroughly educated in socialism and patriotism
to help them adhere to the four fundamental principles; to give due consideration to the
interests of the state, collectives and individuals; and to combat smuggling, speculation
and profiteering.

Xiang Nan said: In this struggle, it is necessary to strengthen the party leadership and
adopt different measures to fight economic crimes.

FUJIAN RIBAO COMMENTATOR ON SELF-CRITICISM

0W240103 Fuzhou FUJIAN RIBAO in Chinese 14 Feb 82 p 1
[Commentator's article: "Take Up the Weapon of Criticism and Self-Criticism"]

[Text] The meeting on organizational life, sponsored by the Standing Committee of the
Quanzhou Municipal CCP Committee has earnestly carried out criticism and self-criticism and
seriously dealt with the issue involving two municipal-level responsible cadres who seized
land for building their own private homes.

This is a good kind of meeting on organizational! life. To rectify party style, it is
necessary to take up the weapons of criticism and self-criticism.

It would be impossible for the Quanzhou Municipal CCP Committee to solve the problem of the
illegal seizure of land by cadres and the masses for building their own homes, if the
municipal CCP committee were unable to conscientiously criticize leading comrades such as
Lin Zhizheng and Zhuang Lishui and seriously deal with them, and if the two of them were to
refuse to conduct self-criticism and recognize and correct their mistakes. Now the Quanzhou
Municipal CCP Committee has corrected the mistakes made by its leading members, and it is
possible to solve the issue of illegal seizure of land for building houses in the city.

Even the two comrades -- Lin Zhizheng and Zhuang Lishui -- can now justly and boldly carry
out this work.

There are other signs of incorrect party style, such as seeking employment or exit permits
through pull or influence, the illegal practice of "changing farming to non-farming jobs,"
entert. ining guests and giving them gifts. As soon as the leading organs of our party and
government discover that some leading cadres are taking the lead in carrying out evil prac-
tices, they must seriously criticize such evil practices, help erring comrades conduct
self-criticism and then take proper action. Only by doing so will it be possible to educate
the persons involved, as well as the broad masses of cadres and people, rectify incorrect
style and further develop a good style among the people by promoting a good party style.

Now there are some leading party and government organs and leading cadres who have

forgotten the party's fine traditions. They are unable to conscientiously conduct criticism
and self-criticism. Sometimes there are problems which reflect an incorrect party style.

L[. 26 Feb 82 03 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
EAST REGION

However, when a meeting for organizational life is held, no one is willing to conduct
criticism. Everyone wants to become a "peacemaker." Some of the comrades fully realize
that they themselves are in error, but they often sidestep the issue and would rather
talk about other things. They usually only talk about problems of comrades at the lower
level. Some of the comrades clearly understand that other comrades have made errors,

but they adopt a liberalist attitude and keep silence. Sometimes they touch on the issue
only lightly, and the "ground remains dry after the rain," because they are unable to
take up the weapons of criticism and self-criticism, This kind of leading organ is

bound to be weak and lax in leadership. There is no militancy at all in such an organ,
where the evil practices will only become more and more rampant.

We advocate vigorous ideological struggles. This is the basic condition to decisively
change the party style for the better. Every Communist Party member must consciously
take up this weapon of criticism and self-criticism.

FUJIAN RIBAO ON ABUSES IN SECURING EXIT PERMITS

OW230957 Fuzhou FUJIAN RIBAO in Chinese 12 Feb 82 p 1

[Text] Toward the end of last year the Discipline Inspection Commission of the Fujian
Provincial CCP Committee laid down a rule strictly prohibiting party members and cadres
from securing exit permits for their family members, relatives or friends through pull
or influence.

The rule stipulates that when family members, relatives or friends of party members

and cadres apply for exit permits, they must send in their applications for examination
and approval in strict accordance with relevant regulations. It is strictly prohibited
to take advantage of one's position and power, to treat such applications as special
cases and to secure exit permits through underhand connections or through pull or influ-
ence; it is strictly prohibited to secure exit permits by resorting to deception or by
inventing some excuse. Violators of this rule will be criticized and educated, or dis-
ciplinary measures will be taken against them according to the seriousness of their
individual cases.

The rule requires the leading cadres at various levels to act strictly according to the
relevant regulation concerning the examination and approval of applications for exit
permits. They are not allowed to interfere with the examination and approval department
in performing its duties. If one Violates this rule, the concerned party organization
should educate him and correct his mistakes in good time. In serious cases, those
involved must be investigated and severely dealt with. Leading cadres in charge of
examination and approval of applications for exit permits and personnel working in this
field must strictly implement policies, uphold principles and handle such applications
impartially. Those who take advantage of their position and power to ask for gifts or
take bribes must be seriously dealt with in accordance with party discipline and the
state law. Violations of law and discipline which have occurred in the past must also
be seriously investigated and dealt with.

JIANGSU MEETING URGES COMBATING ECONOMIC CRIMES

0W221047 Nanjing Jiangsu Provincial Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT 21 Feb 82

[Excerpts] The provincial people's procuratorate called a provincial meeting of pre-
fectural aad county procurators 11-16 February emphatically urging procurators to
combat unlawful and criminal activities in the economic field. Comrade Hui Yuyu, sec-
retary of the provincial CCP committee, and (Hu Zhiming), standing committee member of
the provincial CCP committee, spoke at the meeting.

While summing up the progress made last year, the meeting noted that social order in
Jiangsu had not shown any improvement. It was clearly pointed out at the meeting that
economic crimes had been rampant and that a handful of government personnel had broken
the law in the economic field. The precuratorial organs, therefore, must actively
combat criminal activities in the economic field under the unified leadership of the
provincial CCP committee.

I, 26 Feb 82 04 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
EAST REGION

JIANGSU CCP HOLDS UNITED FRONT WORK MEETING

OW240545 Nanjing Jiangsu Provincial Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT 23 Feb 82

[Text] The Jiangsu provincial-level organs held a meeting of cadres with party membership
at and above departmental level to transmit the guidelines of the national conference on
the united front work and the important speeches by Comrade Hu Yaobang and other central
leaders, Some 3,000 people attended the meeting. Comrade Bao Houchang, secretary of the
provincial CCP committee, presiced over the meeting. Comrades Jiang Zonglu and Lu Xunru
of the provincial CCP committee's united front work department conveyed the guidelines
and the speeches.

Comrade Jiang Zonglu said: The CCP Central Committee and the Secretariat gave their
attention to the national conference on united front work during its entire session.

The central leading comrades emphatically pointed out: Every party comrade should understand
the significance of united front during the new period. The united front was not merely a
magic weapon of the past. It will also play an important role in fulfilling the three
major tasks of the 1980's. It will remain a great magic weapon for a considerably long
period in history. As long as there is a Communist Party, there is a need to uphold
cooperation between the party and people outside the party and to uphold the united front.
The united front work will make no progress, and we shall encounter great difficulties

or even suffer serious setbacks if we fail to resolve the question of understanding

first. Comrade Jiang Zonglu continued: To further develop and expand the patriotic
united front, we must make as many friends as possible with people outside the party

and treat them without discrimination. We must establish a close relationship that will
enable party and non-party people to show utter devotion to one another and share joys and
sorrows together.

Comrade Bao Houchang spoke at the end of the meeting. He said: The united front work

is an important part of our party work. To ensure its success, it is not enough to rely
on the united front work departments alone. The whole party must help make it a success.
Party committees at all levels must regard the united front work as an important item on
their agenda. They must continue to implement the various united front policies and
open up a new phase in united front work.

JIANGXI: FULFILLMENT OF SOWING PLANS DISCUSSED

OW230137 Nanchang Jiangxi Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 22 Feb 82
[Station commentary: "Conscientiously Implement This Year's Sowing Plans")

[Excerpts] "Rainwater" day on the traditional Chinese calendar is over. Spring sowing

will soon begin. Following the guidelines laid down by the party Central Committee's
directive on working hard this year to achieve even greater developments in agriculture,
various localities in the countryside throughout the province are now paying full attention
to implementing this year's plans in agricultural production. However, according to a
department concerned, quite a few communes and brigades have made arrangements for
production according to their own needs rather than state plans. Thus, the acreage of
farmland sown to grain, cotton and other crops has been reduced. This will jeopardize

our efforts to win an overall bumper harvest this year. Our province is a grain-producer.
In implementing this year's sowing plan, all localities must firmly adhere to the principle
of placing emphasis cn grain production, while developing a diversified economy. First of
all, we must ensure the acreage of farmland sown to grain crops.

Our experience in many localities has proved that, to help communes and brigades follow

the guidance of the state plans, the party organizations at all levels must strengthen

their leadership, carry out political and ideological education among peasants; and assist
the basic-level cadres and commune members to foster an overall point of view, adhere to

the principle of putting the interests of the state above those of the collective and
individuals, consciously follow the guidance of the state plans and earnestly carry out this
year's sowing plans.

I, 26 Feb 82 05 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
EAST REGION

At present, various localities where sowing has not begun yet must vigorously carry out
education among cadres and commune members, while enthusiastically making farming
preparations, They must adopt effective measures to rapidly carry out the sowing plans

on a solid basis, Particularly, it is essential to implement well the plans for

sowing early and intermediate rice, cotton and other spring crops. Efforts must also

be made to implement plans for breeding farm oxen, hogs and fish. For those sowing plans
which we have no time to fulfill, we must make every effort to make up as soon as possible
in order to do a good job in spring farming and lay a solid foundation for fulfilling

and overfulfilling the production targets for the whole year.

JIEFANG RIBAO STRESSES EFFORTS IN AGRICULTURE
OW231405 Shanghai JIEFANG RIBAO in Chinese 18 Feb 82 p |
[Commentator's article: "Concentrate Greater Efforts on Agriculture")

[Text] The economic situation is very good in Shanghai's suburban areas because of the
implementation of the party's series of principles and policies on rural areas since the
jd plenary session of the llth party Central Committee. However, everything divides
into two. As far as agricultural production is concerned, output of various major

crops has been high but unstable, and in some cases signs of decline have appeared. In
the past 2 years, one important cause of this situation is, of course, that crops have
been hit by natural disasters during critical growth periods. Nevertheless, if we
consider the thinking of the leadership of the counties and communes, this is by no
means beyond reproach. We can say that some leading comrades have failed to concentrate
their main efforts on agriculture, or that they have concentrated their efforts on
developing commune- andbrigade-run industries. This cannot but affect the thinking of
the peasant masses, the coordinated development of agriculture, sideline production and
industry, and the steady increase of the output of various crops. In some places there
is the tendency to quit farming among the labor force, the tendency to depart from

state plans and grow whatever crops one wants to grow, the tendency to sell farm and
sideline products on the free market rather than to the state, and the tendency to
expand the role of market regulation in developing industrial and sideline production.
This reflects to a certain degree the failure of the leadership to pay concentrated atten-
tion to agriculture and should be brought to the serious attention of the leadership

at all levels in the suburban areas.

It is necessary to develop the commune- and brigade-run industries in Shanghai's suburban
areas while readjusting them, and it is also necessary to develop sideline production.
However, the question is how important they are in comparison with agriculture. Among
agriculture, sideline occupations and industry, agriculture is the principal occupation,
which has a bearing on the fundamental interest of the state, the collective and the
peasant masses and should be greatly strengthened. When this is understood, the
leadership at various levels will concentrate greater efforts on agriculture, place
agriculture on the agenda and seriously study it.

While concentrating greater efforts on agriculture, the leadership at various levels

in the suburban areas should do thoroughgoing and painstaking ideological and political
work. Conditions are not all the same in different communes, production brigades and
teams, and it is necessary to make concrete analyses of the tendencies among some

cadres and masses to quit farming and so forth. Moreover, these erroneous tendencies

are after all not the principal aspect of the situation, and we must not try to check
these tendencies all at once and must not use coercive means. So long as we proceed

from actual conditions, give positive leadership and conduct thoroughgoing and painstaking
ideological work, agriculture in the suburban areas will develop along the road toward
stable high yields.

I, 26 Feb 82 PRC REGIONAL AFFATRS Ql
SOUTHWEST REGION

GUIZHOU GOVERNOR'S WORK REPORT TO CONGRESS

HK250341 Guiyang Guizhou Provincial Service in Mandarin 2315 GMT 24 Feb 82

[Summary] In his government work report to the fourth session of the fifth provincial
people's congress, Guizhou Governor Su Gang said: The province's agricultural situation
last year was good despite severe drought. Total agricultural income increased, and
total output value was 5.9 percent greater than in 1980, Total value of agricultural
and sideline product procurement rose by 48.8 percent. The rural markets are

prosperous and have recorded a large increase in business. New developments have been
achieved in diversification, According to surveys in 23 counties, the average net
income of peasants last year was 208.8 yuan, an increase of 47 yuan over 1980.

Governor Su Gang stressed: "At present we must treat striking at criminal activities in
the economic field as a major affair." He said: "Due to the fact that our
administrative and economic rules and regulations and our management svstems have not
been sufficiently perfected, in addition to our laxness and weakness in leadership,
embezzlement, speculation, smuggling, tax evasion and other economic crimes are somewhat
rampant in various places. Hence we must currently regard striking at criminal
activities in the economic field as a major affair. We must investigate a number of
major economic crimes involving leading cadres, including smuggling and peddling of
contraband, engaging in bribery and corruption, and stealing large amounts of state
property. Cadres guilty of serious violations of law, and first those cadres in leading
positions, must be severely punished according to law."

Governor Su Gang stressed that the province must continue to do a good job in planned
parenthood work and control population growth. He said: "If we fail to summon up the
greatest resolve and adopt resolute and effective measures to control the momentum of
population increase, extremely unfavorable effects will be caused for our modernization
drive and also for posterity. The government at all levels must therefore strengthen
leadership, bring the population plans within the national economic and social develop-
ment plans, and get a thoroughly good grasp of the work."

SICHUAN RIBAO ON FINANCIAL, ECONOMIC DISCIPLINE

HK250355 Chengdu Sichuan Provincial Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT 22 Feb 82

[Report on 23 February, SICHUAN RIBAO contributing commentator's article: "Strengthen-
ing Financial and Economic Discipline Is One of the Important Aspects of Improving Party
Work Style" ]

[Text] The article says: Strengthening financial and economic discipline is not only
an economic problem but also one of the important aspects of improving party work style.
Every CCP member and government worker must pay great attention to it. At present

there are cases of violating financial and economic discipline in many local departments
and units of our province; some of the cases are quite serious. In accordance with the
spirit of the relevant instructions made by the central authorities and the province,

we should continue to carry out in depth the work of strengthening financial and
economic discipline. It is necessary to combine the work of strengthening financial and
economic discipline with that of straightening out enterprises, overhauling organiza-
tions and improving work style. Through this work, it is necessary to further change
the unhealthy tendencies in the economic field and to raise the consciousness of the
cadres in observing discipline and laws and in fighting against all practices of
violating discipline and laws.

The article continues: It is necessary to strengthen the concept of the legal system
in tightening financial and economic discipline. The cases of breaching discipline that
have been discovered must be handled as soon as possible, and each case must be soundly
and clearly explained. All state funds that are misappropriated, embezzled or diverted
for other purposes must be turned over to the higher authorities to the exact amount.
Indiscriminate expenditures and payments must be paid back in the exact amount; they
must not be regarded as something occurring just once, with no definite action taken.

I, 26 Feb 82 Q 2 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
SOUTHWEST REGION

All responsible personnel concerned, especially the leading cadres who deserve
criticism and education, must be criticized and educated and those who deserve economic
sanctions and disciplinary actions must receive this treatment accordingly. Those who
violate discipline, must be handled in a serious manner.

The contributing commentator's article concludes: The responsible departments of leading
organs at all levels and of enterprises should take responsibility with the determination
to carry out this work properly. The workers of financial and accounting departments

and of discipline inspection departments should make efforts to upgrade their level

of understanding policies and mastering professional knowledge, stick to principles,

set an example, loyally carry out their duties, dare to struggle, and closely link
supervision with improvement of work, so as to make contributions to the development

of the national economy and stepping up construction of the four modernizations.

BRIEFS

SICHUAN SEMINAR -- The Propaganda Department of the Sichuan Provincial CCP Committee and
the party school and No 2 party school of the provincial CCP committee recently and
jointly held a seminar to discuss the theory of socialist spiritual civilization. One
hundred and twenty comrades of the relevant units of organs at provincial level, the
propaganda departments and party schools of all municipal, prefectural and autonomous
prefectural CCP committees, PLA nits, factories and mines attended the seminar. Yang
Chao, secretary of the provincial CCP committee, made a report on socialist spiritual
civilization and on correctly handling the contr idictions among the people. The comrades
present held that building a high degree of socialist spiritual civilization is a great
strategic task for building a powerful modernized socialist country. [Chengdu Sichuan
Provincial Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT 17 Feb 82 HK]

SICHUAN METHANE PRODUCTION -- According to statistics, Sichuan Province set up 250,000
new methane-generating pits in 1981, 50,000 more than in the previous year. The

design and quality were also improved. [Chengdu Sichuan Provincial Service in Mandarin
2300 GMT 19 Feb 82 HK)

I, 26 Feb 82 ®C REGIONAL AFFATIRS R 1
NORTH REGION

ZHOU HUI VIEWS 1982 TASKS IN NEI MONGGOL

SK260500 Hohhot Nei Monggol Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Text] According to our sources, the regional meeting of secretaries of banner and county
CCP committees held a plenary session 24-25 February. At the session, Zhou Hui, first
secretary of the regional CCP committee, made an important speech. Ting Mao, second
secretary of the regional CCP committee, relayed the guidelines of the relevant meeting
held by the party Central Committee, Yun Shiying, secretary of the regional CCP committee,
also spoke. The session was presided over by Wang Duo, permanent secretary of the regional
CCP committee, and Kong Fei, secretary of the regional CCP committee.

Comrade Zhou Hui's speech is in four parts: 1) the present situation of our region;

2) principles and tentative plans for the region's construction in the future; 3) the

major tasks for 1982; and 4) enhancing spirit, improving party work style and strengthening
party leadership.

Referring to our region's situation, Zhou Hui said: Our region's political and economic
situations are good. First, the large numbers of cadres and masses have understood and
conscientiously implemented the lines, principles and policies formulated by the third
plenary session of the party Central Committee. Second, our material conditions have
remarkably improved and the people's enthusiasm in production has enlivened. Third, the
important directives on Nei Monggol's work put forward by the party Central Committee have
offered correct principles for Nei Monggol's political and economic construction in the
future.

With regard to principles and tentative plans for the region's construction, Zhou Hui said:

I will put forward principles and tentative plans for economic and political construction in
line with the guidelines of the party Central Committee. In the field of economics, from now
on and for a considerably long period, we shall emphatically develop forestry, animal
husbandry and diversified economy with the stress on forestry and animal husbandry. By doing
so, we can take advantage of our favorable conditions to gradually achieve an ecological
balance; accelerate the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline
production, fisheries and a diversified economy; and improve production and living conditions
in rural and pastoral areas.

In addition, grain production should be grasped. All grain-producing areas should attend
to grain production and agricultural capital construction in a planned way to increase
per-unit grain output. While grasping agricultural production, we should acclerate
development of light industry to promote development of other industries.

In this way, we can rationalize step by step our region's economic structure and develor
economic construction in proportion, in a planned way and at a stable speed.

In the field of political construction, the main tasks, Zhou Hui said, are to implement the
guidelines of the central directives, to uphold the four basic principles, to build a
socialist spiritual civilization, to properly handle relations along the people of all
nationalities to steel their unity, to develop the regional autonomy of minority nationalities
and to consolidate and defend the northern borders of our country.

The major tasks for 1982, Zhou Hui pointed out, are to firmly and unswervingly implement

the guidelines of the 6th plenary session of the llth party Central Committee, the Fourth
Session of the Fifth NPC and the party Central Committee's directives on Nei Monggol's work,
to intensify the readjustment and reorganization of various fronts, especially the economic
front, to build a material and spiritual civilization and to consolidate and develop a
united and stable situation. He also put forward many tasks for other fields.

Referring to the work of enhancing spirit, improving party work style and strengthening
party leadership, Zhou Hui said: What counts is that leading departments and comrades at
the regional, league, municipal, banner and county levels enhance spirit, improve party
work style and strengthen party leadership.

I. 26 Feb 82 R 2 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTH REGION

He said: The most important thing is to grasp ideologica’ leadership and intensify
ideological and political work. At present and in the future, leading departments and
cadres at or above banner and county levels should pay attention to the following tasks:
1) Firmly and unswervingly implement the party's lines and conscientiously observe

the party's political discipline. 2. Earnestly conduct studies. 3) Pay attention to
investigative and research work. 4) Correctly conduct criticism and self-criticism.

5) Strictly handle major crimes in the economic field.

Attending the session were standing committee members of the regional CCP committee
and leading comrades of the regional people's congress standing committee, the people's
government, the CPPCC committee and the military district.

NEI MONGGOL URGES DEVELOPING LIVESTOCK, FORESTRY

SK221121 Hohhot Nei Monggol Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 21 Feb 82

[Station commentary: '"Persistently Follow the Road of Taking Livestock and Forestry as
a Key Link and Developing a Diversified Economy"]

[Excerpt] The CCP Central Committee has set forth an economic policy for Nei Monggol --
that is to devote 20-30 years or half a century, following the spirit of the foolish old
man who removed the mountains and in light of local conditions, to find a road for taking
livestock and forestry as a key link and developing a deversified economy. This is a
scientific summing up of Nei Monggol's experience of 30 years and the only correct way to
transform Nei Monggol's backwardness and poverty and improve Nei Monggol's economic
structure,

Our region is a highland in a temperate zone under the influence of the southeast monsoon.
Our ecosystem is very vulnerable because of serious drought, strong winds and much sand.
Most areas suffer from little precipitation, a shortage of underground water resources,
low temperatures, long frost periods and poor soil. Therefore our region is not suitable
for growing grain crops. However, our region covers a vast area and contains a third of
the entire country's grasslands. The acreage of farmland occupied by each person is 2.7
times more than that of the national level. Our region has rich resources for agriculture
and animal husbandry, ample sunshine, great contrasts between daytime and nighttime
temperatures and precipitation concentrated in the crop growing period, all of which is
conducive to crop growth. So long as we follow natural law developing forestry, animal
husbandry and agriculture in accordance with local conditions, we have great potential for
developing a diversified economy.

Over a long period, due to our misunderstanding of. the region's natural features and
agricultural and livestock resources and our inadequate understanding of the degradation
of the region's ecosystem, we ignored forestry and grassland work and a diversified
economy, engaged in rampant deforestation and reclamation, overemphasized grain as a key
link, went in for a single-product economy and small-scale agriculture and resorted to
management resembling plunder under the influence of leftist ideas. As a result, many
resources have been destroyed; grasslands have deteriorated; soil has become sandy,
degraded and eroded and the ecosystem become imbalanced: hence frequent disasters and
unstable production. In particular, serious sabotage in the 10-year civil strife
exacerbated the vicious circle.

Since our party's third plenary session, the regional CCP committee's 25-character prin-
ciple of taking forestry and animal husbandry as a key link has effectively promoted
production. The CCP Central Committee fully affirmed the region's principle and inves-
tigations and further affirmed that the principle of taking forestry and animal husbandry
as a key link and developing a diversified economy is a principle for economic construc-
tion in Nei Monggol. This principle is a perfection and improvement of the region's
original 25-character principle and is more scientific and suitable to the region's
objective reality. Implementing this principle will not only transform our backward
small-scale agriculture to scientific large-scale agriculture and accelerate agricultural
and animal husbandry development, but it also will promote the light and textile
industries, heavy industry and the whole national economy.

I, 26 Feb 82 R 3 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTH REGION

NEI MONGGOL CYL CONFERENCE ON CIVILITY CAMPAIGN

SK260604 Hohhot Nei Monggol Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Excerpts] According to our reporters (Wu Xinmin) and (Ma Lixia), on the evening of

24 February the regional CYL committee held a telephone conference urging CYL organizations
at all levels and the youths of all nationalities throughout the region to be shock workers
in conducting the all-people decorum and courtesy month campaign and pioneers in building

e socialist spiritual civilization.

Badalahu, secretary of the regional CYL committee, presided over the conference. Ting
Mao, second secretary of the regional CCP committee, spoke. He said: In building
socialist modernization, it is neceSsary to grasp material and spiritual civilization
simultaneously. Conducting the activity of the five stresses and four beauties is an
important work in building the socialist spiritual civilization. That the party Central
Committee designates each March as all-people decorum and courtesy month is an important
measure to improve social morale and promote the socialist spiritual civilization. CCP
committees, people's governments and PLA units at all levels, as well as all trades and
professions, should fully understand the significance of the decorum and courtesy month
campaign and regard the conducting of this campaign as an important task of the party.

Attending the conference were responsible persons of the departments directly under the
regional authority; institutes of higher learning; various large plants, mines and enter-
prises; secretaries in charge of journalism work of various league, municipal, banner

and county CCP committees; and responsible persons of CYL organizations at or above
banner and county levels.

BRIEFS

NEI MONGGOL 1981 REVENUE -- In 1981 party committees at all levels in Nei Monggol Auto-
nomous Region stepped up leadership over financial work. The regional autonomous CCP
committee convened two ad hoc standing committee meetings in May to discuss the slump

in financial revenue and adopted a resolution on improving financial work. The regional
government issued circulars on five occasions calling for increasing production and
reducing expenditure. As a result, financial revenue picked up gradually in June. The
region's 1981 revenue was 415 million yuan [as heard], 14.7 percent more than the budget
called for. This is an increase of 3 percent over the 1980 revenue. [Hohhot Nei Monggol
Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 21 Jan 82 SK]

NEI MONGGOL GRAIN PRODUCTION -- Hanggin Hou Banner, in the Nei Monggol Autonomous Region,
has actively implemented the responsibility system and promoted scientific farming with
good results. In 1981, the banner produced 260 million jin of grain and sold 85 million
jin to the state. The banner's per capita income was 190 yuan. [Hohhot Nei Monggol
Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 19 Feb 82 SK]

NEI MONGGOL TRANSPORTATION -- Highway transportation departments in Nei Monggol Autonomous
Region transported 32.47 million tons of goods in 1981, overfulfilling the annual plan

by 7.4 percent. Passenger transport departments paid great attention to improving service
and safety. The volume of highway passenger transport in 1981 was 22.63 million persons.
[Hohhot Nei Monggol Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 19 Jan 82 SK]

I, 26 Feb 82 PRC REGIONAL AFFATRS
NORTHEAST REGION

JILIN ISSUES RULES ON IMPROVING WORK EFFICIENCY

S§K251259 Changchun Jilin Provincial Service in Mandarin 2200 24 Feb 82

[Excerpts] According to JILIN RIBAO, the provincial CCP committee and govemment
recently promulgated some regulations on reducing the "five excesses" and on improving
work efficiency.

1. Reduce the number and length of meetings: Dispensable meetings should never be held.
We must not call massive, lengthy meetings to deal with problems which can be solved at
small, brief meetings. The various administrative departments must not hold meetings
under the aegis of leading party and government organs to deal with problems they can
solve on their own. Meetings should be held effectively. Ample preparations should

be made in advance and, after a meeting begins, it should concentrate discussions on

the problems to be solved. Once a resolution is adopted, it should be resolutely
implemented to solve problems [words indistinct].

Work conferences convened by the various administrative departments should not invite
leading party and government comrades. If a meeting wants to invite party committee
secretaries or deputy secretaries at the county level or above, it must apply for approval
to the provincial CCP committee and obtain a certificate from the office under the
provincial CCP committee. If a meeting wants to invite leading government cadres from

the county level or above, it must also apply for approval to the provincial government and
obtain a certificate from the office under the provincial government. No meetings,
irrespective of their nature, may invite irrelevant persons to attend. Meetings should

be held in a simple, frugal fashion; unnecessary formalities, extravagance and waste
should be strictly banned. Conference bulletins should bc dispensed with except in

the case of major meetings of exemplary and overall importance. Ordinary work conferences
should not invite irrelevant leaders. It is forbidden to hold welcome or farewell
receptions, take pictures or provide television coverage. Except for special seats for
the chairman and speakers, ordinary meetings should not erect rostrums for irrelevent
leaders. With the exception of emergency situations, a meeting's agenda must be submitted
to higher levels for approval before the meeting is held. Reception departments are
forbidden from arranging venues for meetings held without prior approval. Expenses

for such meetings cannot be submitted to the treasurer's office for reimbursement.

2. Reduce the number of documents: Nonessential documents should be dispensed with.
Repetition of contents and generalizations should be avoided. Articles on work
experiences that have been published in party periodicals and provincial newspapers

should not be printed and distributed in documents. No dacuments should be issued on work
that has been arranged at meetings. Speeches by leaders, as a rule, should not be printed
and distributed in official documents. Documents on administrative departments should
not be issued under the name of the provincial CCP committee or government. Efforts

should be made to simplify the procedure of the circulation of a document and reduce

the time and unnecessary links in circulation of a document.

3. Reduce the number of bulletins, periodicals and tabloids: The various departments
should earnestly sort out their existing bulletins and periodicals. From now on, bulletins
should be dispensed with. Each department may publish one bulletin if it is «eemed
absolutely necessary. Both the size and circulation of bulletins should be reduced.

All departments at all levels should stop publishing tabloids. Statistics should be
standarized in accordance with the statistics bureau.

4, Streamline and abolish temporary organs: Temporary commissions, leading groups and
offices should be streamlined. Efforts should be made to abolish all temporary
organs except those charged with everyday work.

5. Resolutely stop the tendency to organize welcome and farewell ceremonies, entertainment
or excessive publicity for individuals: When a leading cadre goes to work at lower levels,
it is forbidden to hold welcome or farewell ceremonies, serve cigarettes and tea or
entertain them with public funds.

I, 26 Feb 82 S 2 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTHEAST REGION

Cadres should greet one another as "comrade" regardless of position. Party members
should avoid greeting one another with their official titles. Exceps in activities
involving foreigners, red-letter days and major representatives meetings, the local
media should refrain from reporting the activities of provincial, municipal and
prefectural leaders. When leading comrades participate in voluntary labor such as
planting trees and sanitation work, photographing and televising such work are generally
forbidden. If such activities are reported, scenes should be focused on the masses.

Do not give prominent publicity to individuals.

6. Overcome the sluggish work style: Leading party and government organs should
gradually implement and improve the personal responsibility system from higher levels
downward so that each cadre can attend to his duties and shoulder his responsibilities.
We must promptly deal with reports submitted by lower levels. After reading a document
which requires one's opinion, it is imperative to express opinions clearly, voicing
approval or disapproval.

PROTECTION OF JILIN TRANSMISSION LINES URGED

SK210800 Changchun Jilin Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 20 Feb 82
[Station short commentary: "Go Into Action To Protect Power Transmission Lines" ]

[Text] The power industry is the driving force behind the national economy and power
transmission lines are the artery of the power industry. It is of great significance

to the four modernizations to protect transmission lines and to ensure power supply
safety. Public security departments should closely cooperate with power departments

to mobilize mines, plants, enterprises, organizations, PLA units, schools and rural
communes and brigades along power transmission lines, publicize the government circular
and power department regulations and ensure they are known to everybody. Mass organiza-
tions should be established along transmission lines and the responsibility system
should be implemented to protect transmission lines. Units and individuals which
contribute to protecting transmission lines should be commended and rewarded. Criminals
who cause power accidents and great losses by stealing or disrupting transmission
facilities should be punished according to law.

LIAONING URGES PROTECTING TRANSMISSION LINES

SK210709 Shenyang Liaoning Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 20 Feb 82

[Text] The northeast power administration and the provincial public security department
recently issued a joint circular urging the various municipalities and prefectures to
step up protection of power transmission facilities. In recent years larceny cases
involving power transmission facilities have been reported frequently in many parts of
the province. These caused a loss of 2 million yuan and 1.6 million kWh of electricity
and directly affected power supply safety.

The circular points out: Power is the driving force behind the development of the
national economy. It is incumbent upon the power departments, public security depart-
ments and governments at all levels to ensure the safe operation of power transmission
lines. Therefore we must step up protection of power transmission facilities, improve
safeguards along transmission lines and strengthen the coordination among organs in
charge of protecting transmission lines.

The circular calls for popularizing the state regulations on protecting transmission
lines and the provincial government circular to this effect and making them known to
everyone. Law breakers who damage power transmission lines should be resolutely
arrested and punished. Concentrated efforts should be made to promptly investigate
cases of theft of transmission facilities and disruption of power transmission.

I, 26 Feb 82 PRC REGIONAL AFFATRS Tl
NORTHWEST REGION

NINGXIA URGES PREPARATIONS FOR CENSUS

HK240203 Yinchuan NINGXIA RIBAO in Chinese 9 Feb 82 p 1
[Commentator's article: "Get a Good Grasp of Preparations for the Population Census"]

[Text] The CCP Central Committee and the State Council have decided to set zero hour on

1 July this year as the official time for the third national census. This is an important
event in the social life of China. Recently, the people's government of the autonomous
region held a meeting to make dispositions and arrangements for our regional census, and
preparations for the census will soon be developed throughout the region. Leading members
and cadres at various levels throughout the region must conscientiously implement the
guidelines of this meeting, unify their thinking, raise their understanding, heighten
their fighting spirit, get a good grasp of preparations and make a success of the task of
taking the consus.

The census is a large-scale social investigation of our country's national conditions.

The objective of struggle of our party is to build China into a modern and strong socialist
country with a high degree of democracy and civilization. To realize this objective,

we must have a clear and thorough understanding of our country's national conditions

in order to formulate correct policies and principles as well as plans for economic
construction. National conditions include such aspects as society, economy, territory,
resources and population, of which the population aspect is the most fundamental national
condition. China has a population of 1 billion people, of whom 800 million are peasants.
This reality of our country is different from that of any other country, and we must always
proceed from .his reality in all our work. Therefore, taking a census, obtaining a clear
picture of the population situation and grasping the fundamental national condition are
most important for the four modernizations. In a certain sense, this is the basic work

of the four modernizations.

This census will ascertain 19 demographic factors. Each of these factors contains data

we must have on hand to understand our population situation, has a direct bearing on the
development of political, economic, educational, scientific and cultural undertakings and
is the basis for the planning of our policies and principles. For example, obtaining

a clear picture of the size of the population and such factors as births, deaths and family
planning, we will be able to control the trend of population growth and its effect on the
national economy and solve such problems as water supply, food and housing in a planned
manner. Obtaining a clear picture of the amount of labor forces in our country and their
distributions, occupations and sectoral compositions, we will be able to readjust the
structure of the national economy accordingly so that political and economic development
will be more in keeping with objective laws and gradually solve such problems as employ-
ment. Obtaining a clear picture of the cultural situation will contribute to proceeding
from reality, adopting effective measures to develop educational and cultural undertakings
and fostering qualified pepple with all-round moral, intellectual and physical development.
Besides this, a clear understanding of the statistics of every factor will also supply a
vast amount of accurate and reliable data for the research of social science.

As ours is a minority nationalities region, the taking of a census will also be of even
greater significance to our region. The census will provide a clear picture of the
numbers, the distribution and the cultural and occupational composition of minority
nationalities in our region, and enable us to better formulate and implement the nation-
ality policy of the party, strengthen autonomy in nationality areas and help the minority
nationalist communities to develop political and economic as well as cultural and educa-
tional undertakings according to their respective conditions and, thereby, promote a
more vigorous development of the socialist cause of our region.

In snort, in the present day development of the socialist cause, the utilization of a
certain amount of manpower and resources to make a success of the census is very necessary.
Here, what counts is the high degree of importance the leading members at various levels
must ideologically attach to this work. Some people hold that the census is nothing but

a counting of heads and donot consider it to be important.

I. 26 Feb 82 T

rh

PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTHWEST REGION

This way of looking at things is wrong. As we have mentioned before, we cannot overlook
the important significance of the census. On the other hand, we must also see that this
census is larger in scale and encompasses more demographic factors than the two previous
censuses. This requires a high degree of accuracy as well as the use of modern scientific
and technological means to process the statistics,and the tasks are heavy. As a result

of the 10 years of internal disorder, the work of population supervision has been seriously
disrupted. We have no clear picture of the population base figure and the concrete situa-
tion is also very complicated. It is absolutely impossible to carry out a census without
hard and meticulous work. Therefore, leading members at various levels must fully under-
stand the importance and complexity of this census and must never approach it lightly.

To realistically strengthen leadership, we must first properly carry out propaganda work
and take advantage of newspapers, radio broadcasts, television broadcasts as well as
various blackboard bulletins and artistic performances to publicize it with great fanfare,
so that all the people will understand the significance and methods of the census. At the
same time, we must set up and strengthen census-taking organs and step up the allocation
of personnel as quickly as possible and create conditions so that they will work with one
heart and one mind. We must insist on selecting and allocating good census takers and
carry out intensive training according to the condition of the census takers. Moreover,
we must also make a success of population consolidation work and material preparations.

We must also point out here that the census is not only the affair of various local party
and government leaders, but also the affair of the whole party, and all departments and
units must attach importance to it. Newspapers, publications and cultural departments
must coordinate by carrying out various forms of propaganda and other departments and units
must also give their energetic support. They must ensure the quality and quantity of the
personnel required by the census and they definitely must not do things in a perfunctory
manner because of departmental selfishness and affect the work adversely. In the census,
they must also pay attention to diligence and thrift. Money which ought to be spent must
be spent and work which ought to be done must be done. However, they definitely must not
be extravagant or wasteful. They must try to do more work with less money and must
resolutely save what ought not be spent. They must maintain the fice tradition of hard
work.

To conduct a census in a country with a tion of 1 billion people is unprecedented

in world history. It has aroused not on .e attention of the people of the whole country
but also the attention of the whole world. Now we have only 4 more months of preparations
left until the formal registration date of the census on 1 July. We must give full play

to the superiority of the socialist system, give play to the role of party organizations

at various levels, fully carry out preparations, make a success of the census and win

honor for the state and for socialism.

QINGHAT RIBAO URGES LEARNING FROM ADVANCED

SK251159 Xining Qinghai Provincial Service in Mandarin 2330 GMT 24 Feb 82

[Text] QINGHAI RIBAO today carries a commentator's article discussing ways to learn from
and catch up with the advanced.

The article points out: Launching activities to learn from and catch up with the advanced,
we must have the courage to support the righteous and eliminate all evils. We must note
that the adverse influence caused by the 10-year turmoil has not been completely eliminated
in some districts and units and among a small number of people. There still exist such
phenomena whereby some people are afraid of becoming advanced individuals and of fostering
exemplary cases, whereby talented persons have no way to show their abilities and nobody
bothers to learn from the advanced or to help those who have lagged behind. The advanced
individuals and units are often being attacked, criticized and envied by those who are not
doing as well. There are also some cynical remarks that it is not the people's duty to
become advanced individuals and to make contributions and that being backward or relying

on the state for grain is legitimate. These are all big obstacles hindering our campaign
to study from and to catch up with the advanced.

I. 26 Feb 82 T 3 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTHWEST REGION

Leaders at all levels must exert efforts to correct the above-mentioned erroneous words
and deeds, be brave in supporting the righteous and eliminating evils and be bold in pro-
tecting and commending the advanced so as to foster a general mood that it is glorious

and noble to become one of the advanced, and to steel the people's confidence and courage
in emulating and catching up with the advanced. By doing so, the people will take the

lead in learning from and catching up with the advanced, helping those lagging behind,
studying others' strong points to offset their weaknesses and making contributions jointly.

The commentator's article continues: We must devise plans to emulate and catch up with

the advanced and, according to our specific situations, set forth struggle goals which must
be reached in 1 to 2 years or even in 3 to 5 years. Enterprises which have lots of problems
or are less developed must, all the more so, aim high, set forth struggle goals and march
toward the advanced target step by step and in a down-to-earth way.

QINGHAI SPONSORS FORUM ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTION

SK220712 Xining Qinghai Provincial Service in Mandarin 2330 GMT 21 Feb

[Excerpts] According to our correspondent, the provincial people's government recently

held a forum on vegetable production and marketing for Xining municipality and Minhe, Ledu,
Pingan and Datong Counties. In light of some problems in our province's vegetable production
and marketing, the forum called for efforts to strengthen leadership in a planned way over
vegetable production and marketing to ensure a good supply of vegetables in urban areas.

The forum suggested that teams specializing in vegetable growing should concentrate their
energy on vegetable production and not replace the production of vegetables with industrial
sideline products. Responsibility systems adopted by these teams should be suitable to their
special characteristics and should stress the system of signing contracts for specialized
production and assessing payments in accordance with output. Vegetable output should be
equal to or slightly surpass the needed quantity. Vegetables should be produced and marketed
in a planned way. Vegetable marketing departments must sign contracts with teams specializing
in vegetable growing in accordance with the state plan and work out clear methods for rewards
and compensation. All vegetables produced under contract must be marketed to state vegetable
companies and should not be marketed privately. On the other hand, state vegetable companies
should not refuse to buy these vegetables.

With regard to the price of vegetables, the forum held that, with the primary goal of basically
stabilizing the retail prices of vegetables, it is permissible to properly raise or cut
vegetable prices because of changes in the seasons, in quality, in varieties and differences
in retail and wholesale prices, so as to enable retail shops to have good prospects for gain.

A short commentary by our correspondent (Mou Ping) entitled 'We Must Do a Good Job in
Vegetable Production" states: Vegetables are a major food for the people and therefore should
be grown well. In recent years, the general vegetable supply situation in urban and mining
areas has been good. However, the people are not quite satisfied with vegetable quality,
variety and price. The supply of vegetables is unstable -- sometimes good, sometimes bad --
and the off seasons are very long. There are many objective reasons for this problem; the
main one is poor weather and geographical conditions. From a subjective standpoint, some
teams specializing in vegetable growing fail to implement the principle of mainly growing
vegetables in suburban areas and utilize funds and labor to develop the production of indus-
trial sideline products. Another reason for this problem is that many vegetable growing
fields have been used by collectives and individuals to build houses. In addition, scienti-
fic research work on vegetables cannot meet needs, the varieties of vegetables are too few
and plant diseases and insect pests are serious.

I. 26 Feb 82 T 4 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTHWEST REGION

The forum on vegetable production sponsored by the provincial people's government mapped
out ways to solve these problems, and the suggestions raised at this forum are very
important. Vegetable growing areas should conscientiously study and implement them

in cooperation with others so as to achieve success in vegetable production and to
ensure a good supply of vegetables for urban people.

SHAANXI: MA WENRUI ON PLANNED PARENTHOOD PROBLEM

HK260331 Xian Shaanxi Provincial Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT 25 Feb 82

[Excerpts] Shaanxi Provincial CCP Committee First Secretary Ma Wenrui has made a speech
at the provincial congress of progressive collectives and individuals in planned
parenthood work. He said: Promoting planned parenthood work and properly controlling
population growth is a major problem facing our country. Shaanxi's population was only
13 million at the time of liberation. It is now over 28 million, more than double that
figure. The area of arable land per person has declined from 5 mu in the early
postliberation years to 2 mu. It is only something over 1 mu in Shangluo, Ankang and
Hanzhong Prefectures. The province's grain output has more than doubled in the past 30
years, but the amount of grain available per person declined from 619 jin in 1956 to
530 jin last year, a fall of more than 80 jin. The excessive speed of our population
increase has completely canceled out the increase in grain production. This is not
just a question of food. The people have also encountered very great difficulties in
clothing, housing, employment, education, transportation, public health and so on.
Practice has proven that the sooner we become aware of the population problem, the more
we can gain the initiative, and the later we become aware of it, the more passive we
become. The difficulties will get bigger and bigger if we fail to get a good grasp of
planned parenthood work in the future.

We should say that Shaanxi has scored very great success in planned parenthood work.
From 1971 to 1981, the population increase was 2.9 million less than what it would
normally have been, and we initially reversed the situation of unplanned population
growth and thus created favorable conditions for developing the national economy. Even
more important, as a result of a long period of propaganda and education and practice in
work, the leaders at all levels and the masses have gained a certain degree of under-
standing of the strategic importance of planned parenthood work. More and more comrades
can see the gravity of the population question. More and more comrades are demanding
that resolute and effectives steps be taken to control excessive speed of population
growth. The masses have enhanced awareness in practicing planned parenthood.

However, our work lags far behind the demands of the central authorities on controlling
population growth, and also when compared with progressive provinces and municipalities.
Last year the province's planned population growth rate was 9 per 1,000. According

to initial statistics, the actual figure reached 9.65, which was about the same as the
1979 level. We did not fulfill the population plan. Although there are many objective
reasons for this, the main problem was one of work. Many places have somewhat relaxed
planned parenthood work since the second half of 1980. There has been a rather serious
laissez-faire attitude. Population growth in some places results from loss of control.
The number of babies born outside the plan in 1981 accounted for 40 percent of the
province's births. The momentum of increase in the natural population growth rate after
its decline is very strong. The tasks of planned parenthood work are therefore rather
arduous.

We must, in particular, point out that some people lack sufficient understanding of
planned parenthood work, especially of the notion of each couple having only one child.
They babble that for each couple to have only one child does not conform to the national
condition or find favor with the people. They even describe it as leftist ideology.
This view is extremely wrong.

As everyone knows, China's population is great, the base figure is high and growth rapid.
Meanwhile, the level of industrial and agricultural production is still not high; our
economy and culture are rather backward. This is our national condition.

I, 26 Feb 82 T 5 PRC REGIONAL AFFAIRS
NORTHWEST REGION

The people urgently demand to speed up the four modernigations program; this is what finds
favor with the people. Permitting blind population increase is bound to increase the burden
on the state and people and affect the speed of national construction and the improvement of
people's living standards. That would truly not conform with the national condition or find
favor with the people. We must clearly explain this reasoning to the cadres and masses.

Comrade Ma Wenrui said: We must stress the following points:
1, Everyone must fully understand the strategic significance of planned parenthood work.

2. We must seriously carry out the policies. The instructions of the Central Committee
and State Council demand that every couple among state cadres, staff and workers and urban
residents have only one child, except where approval has been given for more in exceptional
circumstances. In the rural areas we must universally advocate that each couple has only
one child. Arrangements can be made in a planned way for certain couples who want a
second child on account of practical difficulties, after examination has been carried out
and approval given. Nobody may have a third child whatever the circumstances. It is
necessary to get a particularly good grasp of late marriage and parenthood work.

Certain stipulations raised by the instructions of the Central Committee and State Council
are not covered by the provincial regulations. For instance, on questions of rewards

and care for single children and their families, the province can act according to the
spirit of the instructions and first decide on some supplementary regulations and [word
indistinct] methods in light of local conditions, and ensure that the policies are
properly implemented.

Party and CYL members and the whole body of cadres, staff and workers must take the

lead in implementing the party and state regulations on planned parenthood. Those who refuse
to practice planned parenthood or to heed advice will, in serious cases that have a bad
effect, be subject to the necessary disciplinary punishment in addition to economic
sanctions. Discipline inspection departments at all levels must get a good grasp of this
work. We must continue to expose and deal resolute blows at bad people who sabotage

planned parenthood.

3. Strengthen leadership. This is the key to promoting planned parenthood work.

The party committees and government at all levels must overcome the laissez-faire approach
and do well in grasping the two kinds of production and the two kinds of responsibility
system.

I, 26 Feb 82 CHINA Ul
PRC MEDIA ON TAIWAN AFFAIRS

CPPCC MEMBER ON U.S. VISIT, TALTWAN AxMS SALES

OW241303 Beijing in Mandarin to Taiwan 1830 GMT 23 Feb 82

[Talk by Jia Yibin, Standing Committee member of the CPPCC National Committee, on his visit
to the United States as a member of a CPPCC delegation -- recorded]

[Excerpts] On the eve of our National Day last year, Chairman Ye Jianying, in an interview
with XINHUA reporters, made public a nine-point proposal for the realization of China's
reunification with the return of Taiwan to the motherland. On 9 October last year, at a
meeting to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the 1911 revolution, Chairman Hu Yaobang,
in his capacity as a leading member of the CCP, invited Mr Chiang Ching-kuo and other per-
sonages from all walks of life in Taiwan to visit the mainland. Comrade Hu Yaobang's
speech at the meeting demonstrates the broadmindedness of the CCP and the desire of the
entire Chinese nation for the peaceful reunification of the motherland. Moreover, it also
drew favorable reactions at home and abroad.

At about this time, China's CPPCC National Committee delegation paid a friendly visit to
the United States from 28 October to 12 November at the invitation of the U.S. National
Committee on U.S.-China relations.

I was deeply moved and impressed by the friendliness shown by the American people to the
Chinese people. All the American friends our delegation met told us that they hoped the
friendship between the American and Chinese people would be everlasting and that the
friendly relations between the two countries would continue to develop. I had talks with
many old American friends who were formerly in the U.S. Army and Navy. They said that
Chairman Ye's nine-point proposal is reasonable, adding that it is conducive to peace in

the Far East and the world. They hoped that China's peaceful reunification will be realized
at an early date. Some American Government officials and some U.S. senators and congressmen
also noted that it is necessary to develop friendly relations and cooperation between the
United States and China. They all approved of China's »eaceful reunification, adding that
the nine-point proposal is very good. Reagan also said: This is very good. I hope you
will realize it peacefully.

Many American friends and people with insight have openly expressed their opposition to
U.S. arms sales to Taiwan. They have openly criticized those in the U.S. Government and
Congress who advocate arms sales to Taiwan and who say that old friends should not be
forgotten.

Chairman Ye Jianying's nine-point proposal embodies the fundamental interests of the Chinese
nation. Our compatriots in Taiwar will not enjoy a truly bright future unless Taiwan is
returned to the motherland and its peaceful reunification is realized. The present inter-
national situation is characterized by increasing turbulence and instability. To make the
Chinese nation strong internationally, we must build a highly developed material civiliza-
tion as well as a highly developed spiritual civilization at home. Moreover, the CCP and
the Kuomintang of China should hold talks on a reciprocal basis so that the two ~ irties will
cooperate for the third time to jointly carry out the task of national construc on after
the realization of peaceful reunification. Not only the Chinese people, includiig those

in Taiwan, but also the people of various countries of the world, wish to see China peace-
fully reunified.

TAIWAN PRES» ARTICLES ON SPRING FESTIVAL VIEWED

HK240809 Beijing RENMIN RIBAO in Chinese 19 Feb 82 p 3

[Report: "Deep Feelings of Kinship, Infinite Longings for Each Other -- Newspapers of
Taiwan Carry Articles on Longing for Home During Spring Festival Period"]

[Text] During the Chinese Spring Festival this year, the newspapers of Taiwan published
many articles recollecting the Chinese New Year celebrations in mainland China and expressing
feelings of kinship and longings for home.

I, 26 Feb 82 U 2 CHINA
PRC MEDIA ON TAIWAN AFFAIRS

During the Spring Festival period, the CHUNG YANG JIH PAO of Taiwan carried an article by
writer Chi Chun in its supplement entitled "The Joy of Spring" recalling the happy Chinese
New Year celebrations during her childhood in her native village of Quxi in Wenzhou,
Zhejiang. She wrote: "The warmth of the stove, the bright red color of the lanterns, the
noise and excitement of gongs and drums of temple plays always filled you with the warm and
happy atmosphere of the New Year." In recalling the New Year party, she wrote: "Many of those
whom we normally regarded as enemies were also invited to the party. When the firecrackers
were set off, all became friends again and everything was forgotten, In thinking of it now,
the New Year celebration was in fact very important. All unpleasant matters were laid aside
at the end of the year, and on the first day of the new year, everybody wished each other
good fortune in a most joyful and magnanimous frame of mind." In conclusion, this well-known
writer earnestly wrote: "If we could adjust the mood of everyday life in the manner of
celebrating the new year, would there still be any dispute among people?"

The LIEN HO PAO of Taiwan organized a "New Year's Page" feature in its supplement for the
Spring Festival. The editor wrote: "I hope that the ‘New Year's Page' will open the door
to a bright and beautiful spring for you."" Liang Shih-chiu's "New Year Celebrations"
recalled the scene of S;ring Festival celebrations in Beijing of his childhood. When he
wrote about the tangled fighting among the warlords, he emotionally said: "From that time
on each year would cast a shadow on my mind that could not be dispelled, Everybody said:
Happy New Year, but I did not know what there was to be happy about." Yang Ming-hsien's
"The New Spring Comes With the First Month of the Lunar Year" introduced the customs of

the people celebrating the Spring Festival in Beijing. He cherished the memory of such
scenes on the eve of the new year as "dumplings steaming in the pot" and "the entire family
sitting happily around the table and enjoying a sumptuous New Year's Eve dinner with rich
native flavor."' Liang Hsuan, in "I Do Not Want To Get Rid of Old Customs," remembered the
pieces of red paper with the characters "no taboos and restrictions" put up during the
Chinese New Year. He thought that "no taboos and restrictions represented the greatest
broadmindedness of people and a sign of great tolerance. If we could print these words in
our minds at the beginning of the year and always remember them, we would indeed be fortunate
people. We could at least learn something from them: accepting all people, matters and
things, we could be on friendly terms with people and with the universe and become friends
with all those agreeable or disagreeable to us."

In Hsia Yuan-yu's "On Reading 800 years of History" carried in the supplement of CHUNGGUO
SHIHPAO of Taiwan on the fourth day of the Chinese New Year, the writer introduced the
"history of China" since the Song Dynasty and explained the "changes" of dynasties.

These articles generally do not have the "stereotyped" tone of the past, but have quite
sincerely portrayed warm recollections and deep longings for the motherland, native places
and kinsfolk. Moreover, from meanings which can only be sensed in the articles, we can
perceive precisely the aspirations the people of Taiwan are trying to express today.

"Every year the flowers are similar, year by year the people are different." "New scenes
are always appearing" in the motherland and conditions in Taiwan are also changing. The
feelings of kinship and longing for home published in the newspapers of Taiwan during the
Spring Festival are a testimonial. The infinite longings of people on both shores during
the Spring Festival have further explained the desire of everyone for the early approach
of the day of the reunification of the motherland and the reunion of family members. This
has already become an irresistible historical trend.

FUJIAN MARKS ANNIVERSARY OF RECOVERY OF TAIWAN

OW211046 Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in Chinese 1640 GMT 20 Feb 82

[Text] Xiamen, 20 Feb (XINHUA) -- Two thousand people from all walks of life in Fujian
Province gathered at a meeting held in Xiamen this morning to commemorate the 320th
anniversary of the recovery of Taiwan by Zheng Chenggong.

26 Feb 82 CHINA
PRC MEDIA ON TAIWAN AFFAIRS

Wu Hongxiang, director of the commemorative meeting, secretary of the Fujian Provincial
CCP Committee and chairman of the provincial CPPCC committee, addressed the meeting. He
pointed out that Zheng Chenggong is a great national hero and patriot in Chinese history.
In April 1661, after braving hardships and dangers in crossing the Strait, the several
tens of thousands of Chinese troops he headed fought heroically for 9 months against

the Dutch colonialists and forced them to surrender on 1 Febreary in 1662, thus returning
to the motherland's embrace our country's territory of Taiwan, which had been occupied

by the Dutch colonialists for as long as 38 years. Zheng Chenggong's patriotic thinking
and his contributions to the Chinese people were prominently demonstrated by his defiance
of brute force, resistance to aggression, recovery of Taiwan and the safeguarding of our
motherland's territorial integrity and unification.

We Hongxiang said: Our motherland has now become an independent new China, one which is
free from domination by any foreign power, a country that had been enslaved, oppressed
and exploited by various imperialist powers for more than a century. Under the patriotic
banner, our Taiwan compatriots will one day join the people on the mainland in a common
struggle to accomplish the glorious task of unifying our motherland. We hope that the
KMT authorities in Taiwan will put the national interests above everything else and con-
tribute their part in realizing the great cause of national reunification.

Wu Hongxiang pointed out that the contral authorities have authorized Fujian to carry out
a special policy and flexible measures and set up a special economic zone in Xiamen for
conducting its economic activities with foreign countries. He welcomes Taiwan compatriots
to set up various types of economic undertakings in the zone and said that their legal
rights, interests and profits would be protected.

In recent years, many fishermen from Taiwan have come to coastal Fujian to seek shelter
from typhoons, to have their ships repaired, their illnesses treated and to tour the
province, and all of them have been warmly received. The number of Taiwan compatriots
returning to Fujian forsightseeing, visiting their relatives and seeking their roots
has also been increasing. Dozens of them have returned to settle or to work in the
prevince.

Fu Bocui, vice chairman of the Fujian provincial people's congress and director of the
provincial revolutionary Guomindang committee, also addressed the meeting on behalf of
various democratic parties. He said: Xiamen is only separated from Taiwan, Penghu,
Kinmen and Mazu by narrow waters. While we remember national hero Zheng Chenggong we
miss our flesh and blood on the other side of the Taiwan Strait even more. We hope the
Taiwan authorities will correctly understand the nine-point proposal presented by NPC
Standing Committee Vice Chairman Ye Jianying, put the national cause and the national
interests above everything else, relinquish the previous grudges and carry out the third
cooperation with the CCP so as to accomplish the great cause of national reunification
and console the ancestors of the Chinese people.

Wu Meiyu, deputy magistrate of Nanan County, the hometown of Zheng Chenggong, said at

the meeting that, after the recovery of Taiwan by Zheng Chenggong, many commanders and
soldiers of the Southern Song Dynasty settled in Taiwan, and so the people of

Zheng Chenggong's hometown and the people in Taiwan have inseparable flesh-and-blood ties.
She said: The best way to commemorate Zheng Chenggong is to carry forward the patriotic
spirit, ardently love the great socialist motherland and dedicate heart and soul to
building a strong country. She hopes that people in Taiwan will return to tour hometowns,
the national hero's tomb and other historical sites.

Zhu Tianshun, president of the Fujian Provincial Association for the Promotion of
Friendship Among Taiwan Compatriots; Xu Zuyi, a representative from Xiamen; Professor
Fu Jialin, vice president of the Xiamen University; and Yu Xinhe, a native of Shijing
village in Nanan County and a Hong Kong compatriot, also addressed the meeting.

I, 26 Feb 82 CHINA Wil
HONG KONG MEDIA ON CHINA

TA KUNG PAO ON U.S. HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY, TAIWAN

HK260500 Hong Kong TA KUNG PAO in Chinese 25 Feb 82 p 2
{"Special Feature" by Han Feng [1383 7364]: "Human Rights, National Rights and Hegemonism")

[Text] In recent years, the term "human rights" has again been in vogue in international
political life, "Human rights" are discussed nearly every day in Western papers, particularly
in American papers, The U.S. Government even wants to become a "champion" in "respecting
human rights" and "protecting human rights."

However, it is a pity that glaring flaws are seen on the great banner of "respecting human
rights" held aloft by the United States. In South Korea, Chon Tu-hwan is butchering students.
The United States has never given protection to victims of these atrocities of trampling

on human rights. The perpetrators of apartheid in South Africa are persecuting the black
people and the United States has never uttered a word of indignation. Nor has the United
States mentioned the atrocities of the military government in El Salvador, but instead has
given it support.

Why is it that the United States, which is holding aloft the great banner of safeguarding
"human rights," turns a blind eye to these shocking crimes in violation of human rights
and does not take any action? It turns out that this banner of "protecting human rights"
has become a "magic wand" for the U.S. politicians to play "political magic" with. It

can achieve different magical effects in different countries and regions and at different
times. Sometimes they "make a fuss over a trifle," sometimes they "do little about a major
issue,'' sometimes they "do nothing about an issue," sometimes they "make a fuss over a
major issue" and sometimes they "make a fuss over nothing."

Of course, we should respect true human rights. But, after all, human rights are the internal
affair of a country. They usually have nothing to do with the relations between countries.
Compared with "national rights" -- a country's sovereign rights over its territory,
territorial air, waters and resources -- they are always secondary. No matter what fuss may
be made over “human rights," at most some political influence will be exercised and force
will not be resorted to. As for national rights, they are much more serious because they are
not the rights of a small number of people but the rights of all the people of a country.
Therefore, they have always occupied an important place in international relations. Few
wars have been caused by issues of “human rights." But many wars have been caused by
violating a country's sovereignty. Nearly all international wars have been caused by
violating a country's sovereignty with armed force. Obviously, respecting national rights

is a matter of prime importance in guarding against war and safeguarding peace. It is
certain that only by respecting the sovereignty of other countries can there be peace. Some
people may say: In 1968, Soviet troops occupied Czechoslovakia and violated its

sovereignty, yet no war broke out. Be patient. Sooner or later the Czechoslovak people

will take up arms to resist the aggressors. Good deeds will be rewarded and evildoings

will be retributed. It is only a matter of time!

Whether or not sovereignty is respected is a very sensitive matter to a country, particularly
to a Third World country. Most of the Third World countries have suffered for a long time
from imperialist and colonial rule and oppression. They have drawn lessons from their

bitter experiences and they will never permit violation of their sovereignty again. "Do

unto others as you would have them do unto you." They also pay much attention to respecting
the sovereignty of other countries.

However, superpowers have another logic -- violating the sovereignty of another country
has in fact become their profession. Brezhnev's "theory of limited sovereignty" (which
is also called "international dictatorship") is the "sweeping generalization" of this
logic.

26 Feb 82 W 2 CHINA
HONG KONG MEDIA ON CHINA

It “has the right" to send its troops into member states of the "big socialist family."
It also “has the right" to drive its tanks into a "neighboring country of the Soviet
Union." The other superpower, the United States, has also done foolish things of this
kind. The U.S. Government's insistence on selling arms to the Taiwan authorities is a
violation of China's sovereignty. In the Sino-U.S. communique on establishing
diplomatic relations, the U.S. Government already affirmed that "there is only one
China" and "the Government of the People's Republic of China is China's sole legal
government." It also affirmed that "Taiwan is a part of China" and stated that the
United States would sever its diplomatic relations with Taiwan from then on. Three
years have now passed since these "three acknowledgements" and "one severance of rela-
tions." Yet the United States still insists on selling arms to Taiwan in order to
obstruct the reunification of China by peaceful means. As a matter of fact, it is
prompting Taiwan to "launch a counterattack against the mainland." How can China
tolerate this! The United States is talking glibly about "human rights" every day. Why
then is it enthusiastic in violating China's sovereignty and interfering in China's
internal affairs? There can only be one answer to this: To date, some people in the
United States are still clinging to their hegemonist ambition toward Taiwan!

We should like to offer a piece of advice to the U.S. Government and the public: While
talking glibly about "protecting human rights,"' they should learn to respect the
national rights of other countries. In face of the Soviet overall expansion and out of
consideration of the strategic advantages, the three successive administrations of the
two major parties in the United States have pursued the policy of establishing normal
relations with China in the past decade. In order to normalize relations, sincerity is
needed and China's sovereignty should at least be respected. What type of role are you
playing if you slip the left hand into someone's pocket while shaking hands with him?
We should also point out that the United States has not only directly violated China's
sovereignty on the question of Taiwan but also violated the sovereignty of the Arab
countries in the Middle East by putting Israel under its aegis. The fire of war has
been repeatedly kindled there. The United States has driven its friends to the side of
its enemy and has offended many Arab countries. Even the U.S. ambassador to the United
Nations also complained a few days ago that the U.S. policy in the Middle East is
unpopular in the United Nations and many countries do not support this policy.

The United States does not respect the national rights of other countries but prattles
about “human rights."' This is something very strange in the foreign affairs of the
United States. Violating the national rights of other countries while talking glibly
about human rights is in fact seeking hegemony while holding aloft the signboard of
"human rights!"

WEN WEI PO INTERVIEWS PRC PETROLEUM OFFICIAL

Part I

HK161110 Hong Kong WEN WEI PO in Chinese 14 Feb 82 p 1

[Part I of specia] feature by correspondent Lan Ching-chung [5663 7231 0022):
“Guangdong and Hong Kong Will Both Benefit From Inviting Tenders for Exploiting the
Oilfields -- Petroleum Industry Vice Minister Zhang Wenbin Gives Details"]

[Text] In the middle of last month, following the State Council's adoption of "regula-
tions of the People's Republic of China on the exploitation of offshore petroleum
resources in cooperation with foreign enterprises," this reporter visited Zhang Wenbin,
vice minister of petroleum industry, and general manager of the Chinese Oil Company
[zhongguo shiyou gongsi -- 0022 0948 4258 3111 0361 0674] to discuss the various
important aspects of China's efforts to open up the vast storehouse of undersea oil.
These regulations were officially made public on 10 February and in view of the 1980's
energy crisis they make very encouraging news.

I, 26 Feb 82 W 3 CHINA
HONG KONG MEDIA ON CHINA

The Pearl River Estuary Is Equal to Four Daqings

According to the different estimates made by foreign oil companies, one area of the South
China Sea -- the Pearl River estuary basin -- has oil reserves of at least several billion
tons and possibly as much as 30 or more billion tons. In other words, even the lowest
estimate means that the area is considerably richer in oil than all of the oilfields dis-
covered so far in China -- the Daqing oilfield has 2,7 billion tons. Thi. places it among
the top oilfields in the world. Furthermore, the East China Sea may show even greater
promise. There will be plenty of time for the development of China's oil industry. It

is of far-reaching significance that we should speed up the process of oil exploration by
using foreign capital and technology in accordance with the principle of protecting national
sovereignty. The promulgation of these regulations constitute important legislative pre-
paration for the invitation of tenders for the exploitation of China's offshore oil.

So that the exploitation of offshore oil reserves may be carried out in cooperation with
foreign enterprises, preparatory work has already been completed for the establishment of

the China National Offshore Oil Corporation. This company will be responsible for organizing
the invitation of tenders. The corporation will also establish four regional companies:
Western South China Sea Oil Company, Eastern South China Sea Oil Company, Southern Yellow

Sea Oil Company and the Bohai Sea Oil Company. Each one of these regional companies will
establish various specialized companies and will set up production supply bases. The Eastern
South China Sea Oil Company, which is to be established in Guangzhou, will play a major

role in the construction of the Chiwan petroleum base in Shekou, Shenzhen, turning it into

a modern central base for South China Sea oil work within the year. Aside from preparations
for a series of basic construction projects such as the pier, plans are also in hand for

the training of managers, technicians and translators. A base area in Shantou is also

being planned. The oilfields in the Gulf of Tonkin and in the waters around Yinggehai

are under the management of the western company in Zhanjiang and a forward supply base

will be built at Sanya on Hainan Island.

Tens of Thousands of Chinese and Foreign Technicians and Workers To Enter Guangdong

It is expected that once oil exploration work begins in the South China Sea, thousands
of technicians and staff members of foreign oil companies as well as tens of thousands
of Chinese workers and technicians will have to be moved in to man the vast production
line and the logistics bases. In order to meet the needs of this new development, the
richly endowed Province of Guangdong is now planning the establishment of the South China
Sea Oil Logistics Service Corporation. This massive service enterprise will establish
separate specialized companies to provide boats and ships, helicopters, communications
satellites, accommodation, tourist facilities, food services, labor services and repair
services. A communications satellite station is to be built in Guangzhou and a food
service company will provide the offshore rigs with food. Work is to be stepped up in
the construction of facilities such as piers, a-.ports, warehouses, support bases,
accommodation, offices and tourist facilities.

Vice Minister Zhang Wenbin predicts that Shenzhen will develop into an oil city. The exploi-
tation of the South China Sea's vast wealth of offshore oil reserves will not only directly
promote the development of sea, land and air transport facilities in the seaboard base area
of Guangdong but will also set off a chain reaction of development in industry, technology,
tourism, commerce and agriculture, promoting the prosperity of the whole economy. Having
adopted special policies and flexible measures, Guangdong Province is already leading the
way and the awakening of the oil industry in the South China Sea will expand the province's
sphere of economic activity and development even further. Moreover, Hong Kong and Macao
will also benefit greatly from this. The establishment of oil bases and the provision

of logistic service facilities also provides an opportunity for cooperation with foreign
capital.

I, 26 Feb 82 W 4 CHINA
HONG KONG MEDIA ON CHINA

Tenders Being Called for 43 Zones

Faced with the world energy crisis, people are increasingly placing their hopes on offshore
oil reserves. Between 1979 and 1980, 48 oil companies from 13 different countries carried
out geological survey work lasting 16 months on the oilfields in the south Yellow Sea and
South China Sea, for which tenders are now being invited. This work covered an area of
41,600 square kilometers. It has been agreed that China will publicly invite tenders for
one third of the total area surveyed. In accordance with this agreement, the first round
of bidding will cover five offshore regions: the Pearl River estuary basin in the South
China Sea, the southern section of the Gulf of Tonkin, the western section of the water
around Yinggehai and, the northern and southern sections of the south Yellow Sea. Tenders
will be invited for the 43 contract zones that have been drawn out in the offshore area

of 15,000 square kilometers. (In reality this is more than one third of the total area
explored).

Part II
HK161114 Hong Kong WEN WEI PO in Chinese 15 Feh 82 pp 1, 2

[Part II of special feature by correspondent Lan Ching-chung [5663 7231 0022]: "Advance
Toward the Huge Oil Treasure House Under the Sea -- an Interview With Petroleum Industry
Vice Minister Zhang Wenbin"]

[Text] Since carrying out geophysical prospecting and drilling over a vast area of the
South China Sea and in the southern part of the Yellow Sea, China has made many preparations
for exploitation of oil resources in cooperation with foreign enterprises. In legislation,
it has worked out and issued "the foreign enterprise income tax law" and "regulations on
the exploitation of offshore petroleum resources in cooperation with foreign enterprises."
According to stipulations of the latter, foreign contractors may export the petroleum they
receive as their share and/or as their purchases. Consequently, China will also work out
customs regulations for exploitation of offshore petroleum resources in cooperation with
foreign enterprises. These are expected to be issued soon. China will further improve its
legislative work in this respect and will work out a petroleum law on the basis of existing
rules and regulations.

Over 80 Companies Have Signed Up To Tender

The law and regulations already issued constitute important legal preparation for openly
inviting first round tenders. The promising prospects for commercial exploitation shown by
geological data of the waters of the South China Sea and the southern part of the Yellow

Sea have attracted the attention of foreign petroleum circles who have hurried to buy

this data and to sign up to tender. By the middle of January, over 80 foreign enterprises
had signed up to tender. Among them, 48 companies have participated in physical prospecting
and drilling and these companies will be given priority in exploiting sea areas where they
have carried out physical prospecting and drilling if the terms they offer are the same as
those offered by others.

It Is Estimated That Tenders Will Not Be Accepted Before the End of This Year

The procedure of inviting tenders will be a time-consuming process. The Chinese Oil
Corporation [zhongguo shiyou zonggongsi 0022 0948 4258 3111 4920 0361 0674) which will

soon be officially set up, will issue notices inviting tenders when preparations are
completed. Foreign enterprises must lodge their applications to enter a tender within 1
month after they have received the notice. If their applications are accepted, they will

be given documents for entering a tender, including a quotation form, a standard contract

and relevant laws and regulations. After collecting all the quotation forms, the Chinese

0il Corporation will carry out serious and careful assessment on the tenders and will finally
make known the accepted tenders. The whole process of inviting tenders is expected to

be concluded by the end of this year or by next spring.

I. 26 Feb 82 W5 CHINA
HONG KONG MEDIA ON CHINA

Foreign enterprises whose tenders uave been accepted will sign contracts with the Chinese
Oil Corporation and these enterprises should start operation in their contracted zones
of areas within 60 days.

In order to meet next year's initial drilling requirements, China will gradually build new
bases for producing offshore drilling platforms in addition to the Dalian and Guangzhou
Huangpu shipping factories which have started building these platforms. China will build
stationary drilling platforms besides self-elevating ones. This is one of China's impor-
tant measures to support the long-term economic plans of exploiting offshore petroleum.
According to China's regulations on exploitation of offshore petroleum resources in coop-
eration with foreign enterprises, preference shall be given to procuring drilling equipment
and materials, including platforms, manufactured and supplied by China's factories. If
enormous structures such as offshore drilling platforms are manufactured and supplied by
factories on China's coastline, they will be highly competitive as a result of time and
money saved from transportation alone.

One of the principles for exploitation of offshore petroleum resources in cooperation
with foreign enterprises is that during the prospecting and drilling period, foreign
contractors shall bear all explorable risks. In cases where the results of prospecting
and drilling prove that an oilfield is not commercially viable, China shall not be respon-
sible for this. If a commercial oil and/or gas field is discovered, both the foreign
contractor and China shall make investment in its cooperative development. China shall
have 51 percent of the shares and the foreign enterprise shall have 49 percent.

The regulations on exploitation of offshore petroleum resources in cooperation with
foreign enterprises stipulate that all Chinese and foreign enterprises involved in the
exploitation of offshore petroleum resources shall pay taxes in accordance with the tax
laws and pay royalties. It is reported that royalties are 12.5 percent and industrial
and commercial taxes are 5 percent. As to income tax, it shall be 46 percent or so, based
on the annual oil output.

Plan for the Chiwan Base in Shenzhen

On the eve of calling for tenders, Zhang Wenbin, petroleum industry vice minister; Tang
Zhenhua, general manager of the Chinese Petroleum Prospecting and Development Company;

and others have visited Chiwan in Shekou of Shenzhen municipality, where it has been
planned to build a petroleum base, and Shantou, where another petroleum base will be

built in the future. They hold that Chiwan, which is located at the mouth of the Zhujiang
River, has many excellent conditions as a South China Sea petroleum base. It is required
that before prospecting oil fields in the Zhujiang River basin next year, must basic
construction such as storehouses, living quarters, offices and helicopter landing pads
should be completed and ships and helicopters should be bought. While the Shekou wharf

is being used temporarily, active preparations should be made to build a deepwater wharf
at Chiwan at which 8,000 ton tankers can -erth. Efforts should be made to complete the
basic construction of Chiwan as a general affairs base for the South China Sea oilfields
within 5 years. When the question was raised as to whether China has taken into considera-
tion equipment for refining oil in its long-term plan for developing offshore petroleum
resources, it was replied that China's existing equipment for refining oil has an annual
capacity of 96 million tons whereas the current annual output is only 60 million tons

or so. There will still be much spare refining capacity for 3 to 4 years.

Vice Minister Zhang Wenbin and others have expressed their full support for setting up
the South China Sea Petroleum Service Corporation which is being set up by Guangdong
Province. Many financial groups in Hong Kong and Macao and foreign financial groups have
made enquires about this corporation and have expressed their desire to cooperate with it.