Unclassified-FBIS Daily Report East Asia

FOREIGN
BROADCAST
INFORMATION
SERVICE

wD

Daily Report—

East Asia

FBIS-EAS-88- 164

Wednesday
24 August 1988

Daily Report
East Asia

FBIS-EAS-88- 164 CONTENTS 24 August | 988

NORTHEAST ASIA
Japan

Takeshita Regrets US. Trade Bill Signing

MITI Minister Regrets Measure

Toshiba Machine Reacts to Bill
JSP Wants U.S. Ship Deployment Rejected = ispeseeneussseesssenneneess
PPD’s Kim Tae-chung Stops Over in Tokyo ... sauebeneianamnieeeppeamsibsunsseeansnpinsbeet
JSP Secretary General To Visit DPRK . . soe
Iran, Iraq Envoys Express Thanks in Ending War

Officials, Businessmen Comment
Defense Agency Chief Kawara Resigns
Annual Defense White Paper Released

KYODO Reports ‘Main Points’

Am & www —

North Korea

Pyongyang Radio Version of Letter to U.S 7
Radio Version of Letter to NNSC misuuninesseesteusensessepmeesesotnes s
Choe Ui-ung Named Senior Delegate to MAC ene... sersicdgbidddanepstansnvevabandnasstiadnateh 4
Meeting Between Delegation Heads Scheduled - SS DEUSERNORAUNOUINCsTENNOSEEER muresesseonesorenees
Delegates Hold Talks 24 August 9

North Agrees to 26 August Talks ........ SigUULERNEDODSnsDS EE AROIEESRDSUOnInnSIpONDEIDaUE cmappEnsenDeSSCEEN 10

Chon Sends Message to South ...... an spueabhusenenqecndammaessessesunnees — 10
Dissidents Indict Police for Blocking Talks seneasneineneianenbantnnsapsmneiesepamesensianientes 10
Arrest of Students in South Reported : | jeudeusaneseestenennnssessbimessaennens 11
KCNA Contends Kim Chong-il Revered in South | senenepebeneniadaniabienaunerienseenes 11
Cuba Confirms Decision Not To Attend Olympics 000. SEsUNERDSSESESESEESOUOPEREE EN 11
Soviet Youth Delegation Arrives in Pyongyang .... peupumuneeeneoeubussesouses eentesssuubebeaseaenee 11

Soviet Embassy Hosts Party ........... RUSESSSeepDenEnenEEannuesdeeevenetennpemioese menneubes 12
Bust of Soviet Hevoine Unveiled in Chongjin iooneae suepnabanesieuemeneunsnaneasagecseeecnanssovessesser 12
Youth Festival Propaganda Materials Put Out. | sasetbcenhibenunniennnnaaeninennatieninesenisaaeason 13
Foreign Papers on Youth Festival Preparations seebotenbeniuenetiniesiananeeemnesneiaeerienmennt 13
Daily Stresses Unity, Cohesion of People ..... 7 spenehulemnabasebeiiunhsiiieetenteadenspantedebiedcumsiuis 13
Daily Explores Man's Chuche-Based Activity _......... LSUUSLSUEGSEEDENOnCEGESSODeDDSEDENEaEEEEN eiceaneees 14
Paper Describes Chuche as Source of Heroism ... sincusbotnenuessenseaseuseessessacevonssesneenseensecsos (0
SKNDF Spokesman on Blocked Student Talks (PINS) ooo a 16
Correction to Delegate Speaks at 3d Meeting speeneneebeueuennenensensecsnevissssunncsnssnentesseneens 17
Correction to Further on 3d Round of Talks .. dekeeneceuadenebeunsyieubasnpemeneueusinences fas 17

South Korea

Talks Between Senior Delegates ~~: 24 — asenapsedeuapsommeemvessnatets OE |

Fourth Contact Proposed mesneesnestunnesaunes sespuneuineabusempsenenemapmnessonnenaccsansdess —_ 18

North, South Agree to Talks .... seaulepisatibenenceuedsiguenpenhanmanseeseetninietubenmssssmmpeemimanananesasenencsees 18

Further on Proposed Tables oooiccccccccccccccccecececccvveveveccueeceweeeveeeeseeeveveveeeeeeee, peeaseda 18
North To Dedicate Church, Invite South Pastors (THE KOREA TIMES 24 * Aue! sneer 19
U.S. Trade Bill Causes ‘Deep Disappointment’ ............ anouaneateieseuaes 19
Soviet Consular Group Visits Foreign Mimistry ooo ccccccccccccceeeccceeeseeeves peseesneiesenest 19
USSR Magazine Inte: sews Kim Yong-sam /7HE KORE. 4 TIME S21 ae Sissneubeodecurmenessssses UN
Korean Embassy Grants Visas to JSP Reporters . _ . senmesauaeeseeunenseuonnnees 20
Talks With New Zealand on Beef Imports End ..... | iideitiaeetiageanentttdetendemuneiseentes Mesenesceneenseasia HE

South, Australia To Form Joint Maritime Pane! piteeeses Ty

FBIS-F AS-88-164

Chairman Hun Sen Speaks in Kompong Cham .......

24 August 1988 2 East Asia
Iran, Iraq Invite Ministers to Industrial Fairs ....... 20
Government Seeks Article 8 IMF Status /THE KOREA TIMES 21 dug) .. | 21
Daily Assails Suppression of Student Talks /HANGYORE SINMUN 17 Aug/ ... 21
No Renews Call for ‘Perfect Secumty’ /THE KOREA TIMES 24 Aug] -0000000000000.. 22
Kim Tae-chung, Kim Yong-sam To Talk With No ee KOREA TIMES 24 Aug] | 22

Kim Tae-chung Wants Meeting ..................... cee 23
Dates Proposed for Talks .0.............06600ccccccecceeeeeeees . 23
Assets of Opposition Leaders Draw Interest /THE KORE 4 TIME s 20 dug) = 24
Administration Refuses Assembly Data Request | 7 | 24
Further on Decision /THE KOREA TIMES 21 Aug/ 25
Chon Probe Panel! Outlines Inspection Plans ..........0.....00..0.000666.60.6cccceus miguanbonneassennaseest 25
Panel To Visit Ilhae Institute /7THE KOREA HERAL D 24 MUR] ooo occccccccccceeveceeees 26
Imprisonment Sought for Chon Kyong-hwan ....... ene 27
Assemblyman Threatens Indictment of Officials (THE KORE A HE RALD 2 Aug) . 27
Chon’s Wife Intends To Stay at ‘Saesaedae’ /THE KOREA TIMES 24 Aug) ....... es 27
Choe Willing To Meet Assembly Panel Leaders /THE KOREA TIMES 24 Aug/ ..... .. 28
Media’s Support During Student Talks Welcomed /THE KOREA HERALD 20 Aug ...................... 28
Students Set Up League Against Radicalism /THE KOREA TIMES 23 Aug] ooo....0..66.06606...0....... 28
Korean-Americans Deported for Street Rallies /THE KOREA TIMES 24 Aug] oo...0.0..6660.00............ 29
Counterfeit US. Dollars Circulating /THE KOREA TIMES 20 Aug] .. ..........0.00..... an .. 29
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Burma
Demonstrations Continue Throughout Country oo teen eens 0
Details of Moulmein Shooting /AFP/ ........... .. 30
Over 100,000 Demonstrate in Rangoon /AFP] 3
PUSTGT TRONS GR TRRMUUR FUUGIEE .n....cccccccccccccscccssessccssscssessesseccesesccccesseceeeseseeseseessscseceess 31
‘Some’ Ministnes Cooperate /Melbourne/ ...... 3)
Demonstrators Call for Massive Rally /KYODO] - 3
Thousands Demonstrate in Rangoon /AFP/ .. 32
Peaceful Demonstrations Held /AKYODO/ 33
More Detainees Freed .............. 33
Health Minister's Resignation Confirmed (AFP) sauntenesaesanenenebenhs 33
Proclamations Revoke Martial Law 24 August 2.0... ccccccececccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeenenees . 33
Revoked in Rangoon Areas ........... suiposhonstineanentheenssosstboonsnessnvencesvanstedseoseunuonatennveneenssessess . 33
Revoked in Prome Areas ..........0.....0...000006.. 34
Military Administration Order ................... sniaoneanenes 34
Government Withdraws Troops /K YODO) seqesueenesspeeesbessesessesteteoesevesebesseessuensenannieetse! 34
Tee 34
People in Hkamt: Ask Monks for Advice . 35
Myaungmya Officials Discuss Rice Prices pebssmeusennininbuenianiaiddddlesseebennsennsies GUN
Brunei, Malaysia & Singapore
Malaysia
Deputy Premier Leaves for Laos, Vietnam 3§
Two ISA Detainees Ordered Held for 2 Years %6
BrefS oon nec cccccccccccccseccesseesscseeeceecececenceerseeesseeeeees ssanesoednenaseunensionmenbeocsssssustinansesdsquubesemmisesseatneennseneuentbeess 36
Economic Accord With TEEEEEIEIIED <comcccccnmsecesssnseutwersessosqnonenenteveeresinenssennesesennesnenetebessanensnnbensesntioets 36
Singapore
Lee Kuan Yew To Seek Re-Election in Septermber (AF PJ ono. ooo cccccccccccccccccccccccscecssssceeeeeceeeeeeenneeees 36
Cambodia
Hun Sen Protests to UN Agninet Thhai Violations |... cccccccceeccccccccccserecessssesessesssssesssecsssesseeeseceneees 36
37

FBIS-FAS-88-164

24 August 1988 3 East Asia
Mat Ly Addresses Trade Union Opening Session — ssneceeussecuuves sesbuctubuubeseneseousessoneucves GID
SPK Reports on Subsidiary Crops Plantation 2.000.000.0000... cbiunbenbeussiessubieunedeeubesobaneuts .., 40
VODK Urges Continued Pressure on Vietnam eescnesennminpsasdbabsabsscaseebensssatennubeseewsuibeseeusesesausepteudeetiecesyis 40
Khieu Samphan Greets Indonesia National Day /HODK/ ................... papenasocsscssevenesgueonsseponssooeness tie
Briefs sestsdiaseiausanneeneute | eupuseunsenseneasousvensuerssenenet , seesenajueceuecuseuesessn macwee 4)

143 Siem Reap Returnees acetgeamesnsdesnenus’ — ssceesoauseusne eusdensnauensbansesseouves 4)

Philippines

Aquino Discusses Bases Review Agenda .... pestbnesustnaudeussevenusevseusvessesssseusesstounuebbeuvesssenents 4)
Government Preparing To Sue Westinghouse AFP] . mewepasueameneuabewens a,
Saudi Arabia Stops Visas for Filipimo Workers 00 ooo. cceeeececeeeeeesetnneeeeee seeeeeeennees 42
Aquino Clarifies ‘Contract With God’ Statement /THE MANILA CHRONICLE 24 Ave! mebesvesecene GH

Columnist Assails ‘Contract’ /PHILIPPINE DAILY GLOBE 23 Aug] oo.....00.6...666.6.66666.66000000. 42
Laurel Launches Campaign for Opposition Coalitiom (AFPJ oooccicccccccccccccccccccvcccc eee e ene cneeenneneneees 43

Threatens Disobedience Campaign /THE MANILA CHRONICLE 24 $ Aug! aaeneenes er ||
Columnist Assesses Anti-Ramos Forces /8US/NESS WORLD 23 Aug/ . a —
Marcos’ Sister To Ask for His Travel Documents ...................ccccccccceceeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeseeeeeeeceereseeeeeceeeeees 45
Columnist Ads ises Against Return of Marcos /PH/ILIPPINE DAILY INQL TRER 24 ed saeaomeesens 4§
House Vetos Purchase of Air Force Jets .o............ccccccccccccccccccecseceeeeeceeveeeeeeeeeeeeeeseenrsvseeeueueeeeeeeeeeeereeeeeeens 46
Extension of Alsa Masa’s Activities Proposed ooo... occ ccc cc ccccccccccccccececeeueceeeeeeeeeeeeveeecesesseeteseseesureeseneeeenes 47
Military Reports Improved Insurgency Situation /PH/LIPPINE DAILY GLOBE 2] Augj ............... 4?

Military Accused of Bombing Tribal Communities /PHILIPPINE DAILY GLOBE 24 Aug/ ............ 48
Military Warned Against Guerrilla Infiltration /MANILA BULLETIN 22 Aug] ooo...0..00.66066666.000..... 48

NPA Recruitment in Cordillera Region Drops. ...................c.c:cccesseseecseeeeeseceneeceeeeeeseecerssceneeseeaeseeseeeees 48
Tribesmen Said Killed by Anticommunist Group [AFP] oooococcccccccccccccceceeeccctseseteeetttterttertrererrrrererene 49
SE GE GERD PD ORE GI eveesecccctecesesesssecccnsesevccsncccsscesscsncosesensesssenscesesesecsscoecsescesescots 49
Thailand

Prem Named ‘Privy Councillor, “Elder Statesman’ /THE NATION 24 Aug] o0....0..06..6666606666.0000000 49
Chatchai Criticized Over Invitation to Military /THE NATION 19 Aug] ...........00.0.00... Levseseseeeeee IO

Army Officers Welcome Invitation /THE NATION 19 Aug] ...0...0..00.00000.0000.0000cccccccecvevevevverereees $1

Chatchai May Withdraw Offer /THAI] RAT 20 Atay] o................000 0.0 cocoon cvsee ve neeeeeeneeeeeneenes §2

Chawalit on Military at Meetings /SIAM RAT 23 Aug] o...............ccccccc cc cccccececcseeee vnceeeeeeeeenenenees 2
Government Defends Cabinet Composition /THE NATION 19 Aug] o.......0.....666.600060 cove ceeccec cece §2
Khuknt Urged To Stop Defending Government /BANGKOK POST 24 Aug] o0.......0.00..6066666660000000000. §3
Chawalit Seeks Press Restraint on Reshuffle /BANGMOK POST 23 Aug] .........0.......... seneedonesseees .§3
Officials on Budget Revision, Deficit Cut /BANG KOK POST 24 Aug] ...........0......0....... enowaseseusehese 53
Khun Sa Offers Guns for Opium to Hilltribesmen /BANGKOK POST 24 Aug] .........0000000.0..... — 54
PRC Minister Calls on Industry Minister (ZHONG HUA RIBAO 23 Aug) 0.0.0.0... ooo eeeee 54
Phichai on Political, Economic Ties With SRV (BANGKOK POST 24 Aug] .0....00....6.6.666660.. «. SS
Chatchai Adviser Discusses Foreign Policy /THE NATION 19 Aug] o...........666..66600000000000c0eee esbeeeiie 55

Part 2 of Interview /THE NATION 20 Aug] o.............cccccccccccccccceeenseeceeeseeseeeeeevvseneneneneeeeneeeeveeeees 57

Vietnam

NHAN DAN Article Amalyzes U.S. Election ooo. oooccccccccccccccccccccccceeeeeeees spubeunsecnennneienennsssehennnecnecess 59
PRK Achievements Since ‘Liberation’ Viewed 22020... needeeebens pebapstensunnusnrasesubecesesebaes 60
Party-State Delegation Completes Visit to COMBO oo... occc ccc ccccccccccccc ee eecccceunueeeeeeeveves seneeeeeeneceseeneeeeens 61
Do Muoi Sends Message of Sympathy to Pmdta ooo cocccccccccccccccccccccuecvecseuvsvevsvveeereeeeeeeeees veuetuehees 61

Press Draft Law Made Public for Discusspom ooo ove vveeeccceeeceececveevecveceeevecece. 61

} BIS-F AS-88-164
24 August 1988

Japan

lakeshita Regrets U.S. Trade Bill Signing
OW 240804038) Tokyo KYODO in Enelish 0319 GMT
24 Aue &8

[Text] Tokyo, Aug 24 KYODO—Pmme Minister
Noboru Takeshita on Wednesday said he regretted a new
U.S. trade bill signed Tuesday by President Ronald
Reagan and that he hopes the U.S. Government will curb
trade protectionism

Takeshita, asked to comment by reporters at the Diet on
the trade bill signed by Reagan, said he will closely watch
how the American Administration acts in the future

The legislation calls, among other things, for retaliating
against countries engaged in what the U.S. deems to be
untair trade practices, and gives the government negcti-
ating authority to complete the Uruguay Round of world
trade negotiations in 1990

Foreign Minister Sosuke Uno deplored the enactment of

the bill, which he said contains a vanety of problems

In a statement, the foreign minister said he has asked
Secretary of State George Shultz, Trade Representative
Clayton Yeutter, and other U.S. cabinet members not to
take action that would violate rules under the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

L no said that Japan will promote the Uruguay round of

trade talks in order to curb protectionist pressures in the
L nited States and to maintain and strengthen an open
multilateral trade mechanism.

Chiet Cabinet Secretary Keizo Obuchi on Wednesday
said that Japan regrets the approval of the omnibus trade
bill by Reagan, and said it could possibly damage builat-
eral and multilateral economic relations

The chief government spokesman said in a written
Statement that the bill includes many problematic
clauses, such as the “Super 301° clause and sanctions
against Toshiba Corp. And its subsidiary Toshiba
Machine Corp

he “Super 301° Clause calls for transferring authority
trom the President to the trade representative to decide
on what measures to take against what the U.S terms
“untair trade practices.”

“Japan has been conveying its concern about this bill to
the US. at every opportunity, and strongly feels that its
enactment will seriously affect bilateral and multilateral
cooperation in the economic field and hinder the devel-
opment of the global economy.” he said

Obuchi said that Japan will call on the US. to cautiously
implement the trade law and strongly press the US. not
to take measures that would go against GATT rules

NORTHEAST ASIA i

Japan will continue to expand imports and endeavor to
promote the Uruguay Round of the multilateral! trade
negotiations to improve international trade rules, Obu-
chi also said

MITI Minister Regrets Measure
OW 2408032588 Tokyo KYODO in English 0252 GMT

[Text] Tokyo, Aug 24 KYODO—International Trade
and Industry Minister Hajime Tamura on Wednesday
said that he deeply regretted the signing by U.S. Pres:-
dent Ronald Reagan of a sweeping trade bill, which the
Japanese Government had opposed because of its pro-
tectionist provisions.

Tamura said in a statement that the Japanese Govern-
ment is strongly urging the U.S. Gove nment to main-
tain a free trade policy and counter a wave of protection-
ist pressures

Tamura noted remarks by Reagan that the omnibus
trade hill could possibly infringe on internationally rec-
ognized trade rules.

Reagan made the remark when he signed the trade bill
which was approved by more than a two-thirds majority
by both the Senate and the U.S. House of representatives
and sent to the Oval Office

Tamura reiterated Japan's stance that it reserves the
right to file a complaint with the Geneva-based General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) over any
protectionist operation of the trade bill

The Japanese Government has specially expressed its
concern about and opposition to the so-called Super 30!
clause requiring mandatory retaliation against “unfair”
trade practices, a Toshiba Corp. sanctions clause, and an
import ban in retahation for alleged infringement of
intellectual propenty mghts, ministry officials said

Toshiba Machine Reacts to Bill
OW 2408012988 Tokyo KYODO in English 0111 GMT
24 Aug &8

[Text] Tokyo, Aug. 24 KYODO—Toshiba Machine Co.
whose illegal machine tool exports (o Moscow drew fire
from Western allies in 1987, 1s dismayed by the enact-
ment of a sweeping trade bill including a controversial
clause penalizing it and its parent firm, Toshiba Corp

The machine tool manufacturer 1s hastily trying to
initiate emergency measures to continue after-sales
maintenance in the U.S. market to avoid losing its
chents’ trust, company officials said

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

The measures would be designed to retain a minimum
market share in the U.S. ahead of the lifting in 1991 of a
3-year trade embargo on its products ordered by the
Toshiba-sanctions clause of the new law. the officials
said

A Toshiba Machine official said the firm will seek to
persuade U.S. authorities to give it special permission to
export repair parts that can be manufactured only in
Japan

The ban on the exports of Toshiba Machine products 1s
expected to reduce the firm's sales by some 3 billnon yen,
the officials added

Meanwhile ‘orchi Aoi, president of Toshiba Corp., Said
sn @ statement that the Toshiba sanction clause included
in the bill “is extremely unreasonable and unfair.”

Aoi said the company has urged the US. Administration
and Congress to exercise sound and cquitable judge-
ment. “We profoundly regret and are deeply disap-
pointed at this decision,” he said

“We will determine what steps we will take after com-
pleting our review of the situation,” Aor said im the
statement

He said Toshiba as a private firm hopes for “the growth
and prosperity of the free world, and, as in the past, we
will strive to maintain and develop excellent relations
with American industry and the american people ”

“Also, we are continuing with the utmost mgor to ensure
that there 1s no recurrence of any illegal exports whatso-
ever with the Toshiba group.” Aoi added

JSP Wants U.S. Ship Deployment Rejected
OW 2308110188 Tokyo KYODO in Enelish O9S7 GMT
23 Aug 88

[Text] Tokyo, Aug 23 KYODO—The Japan Socialist
Party asked the government Tuesdzy t» reject deploy-
ment of two US. warships to Yokosuka Port in Kana-
gawa Prefecture, JSP officials said

The two ships are the “Fife.” a 7.810-tor. Spruance-class
destroyer, and the “Bunker Hill,” a 9.600-ton Ticonde-
roga-class guided missile cruiser, both of which are
equipped with launchers for nuclear-capacity Toma-
hawk cruise missiles, the officials said

The lL nited States had earlrer told the Japanese Govern-
ment that the “Fife” and “Bunker Hill” would be based
at Yokosuka, but it 1s not known when the ships will
arrive

The largest opposition party said it has urged the gov-
ernment to strictly maintain its antinuclear policy and
reyect the deployment of the ships

NORTHEAST ASIA

PPD’s Kim Tae-chung Stops Over in Tokyo
OW 2308144188 Tokvo KYODO in English 1259 GMI]
23 Aug 88

{Text} Narta, Chiba Pref., Aug. 23 KYODO—South
Korean opposition leader Kim Tae-chung said here
Tuesday that he will not answer Japanese police inquir-
ies about his 1973 abduction from Tokyo to Seoul until
the Japanese Government releases investigatory findings
that he believes it has been suppressing

The two-time presidential candidate and chairman of
the Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD), South
Korea's largest opposition party, made the comment
during a brief stopover in Tokyo en route from Manila to
Seoul.

Kim, who was possibly targeted in a shooting incident in
Manila Monday evening, 1s the third South Korean
opposition leader to visit Japan in less than two weeks

Kim said Japanese police had indirectly asked him
through his Seoul office to assist a rekindled investiga-
tion into his August 13, 1973 abduction

The prominent dissident leader who challenged then
President Pak Chong-hui in a closely contested election
was accosted in a Tokyo hotel, drugged, and then spur-
ited away under cover of night by boat to Seou!, where he
surfaced several days later under house arrest, according
to his own account.

Kim said that before he will heip Japanese police the
Japanese Government must first admit that it has evidence
the kidnapping was carned out by agents of the now-
disbanded Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA)
under orders from the South Korean Government

Japan must also acknowledged responsibility for termi-
nating the investigation after making a political settle-
ment with Seoul over the issue, thereby leaving Kim in
hostile hands.

Kim charged that the agreement paved the way for a
series of human mghts violations carried out against him
by the government, culminating in a death sentence
handed down on him in 1980 by a military court after
being charged with sedition.

He said Tokyo turned a blind eye when he was sentenced
to death, even though Japan had previously entered into
agreement with the South Korean Government to the
effect that Kim would not b— subject to prosecution for
antigovernment activities c rred out in the past

Kim cited a copy of the death sentence verdict recently
acquired by his party showing that the judgment was
made because he had intended to lead a Japan-based
anti-P2k dissident organszation

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Kim was kidnapped just before he was about to inaugu-
rate the group, which was calling for an end to martial
law and the restoration of democracy

Kim arrived in Japan after a five-day stay in the Philip-
pines, where he met with President Corazon Aquino and
other Philippine leaders

Commenting on the shooting incident in Manila, Kin,
said he 1s still unaware of the details, however he
recounted the events that took place.

He said the shooting occurred as he was hosting a
farewell party at a Korean restaurant attended by
Defense Secretary Fidel Ramos and Philippine parlia-
mentarians.

Kim said he heard about 30 shots go off outside the
restaurant, after which Ratios immediaiely ran to the
scene of the incident and took charge.

A lone guoman, later reported to be 4 civilian govern-
ment agent, had shot to death one of Ramos’ security
guards and wounded another before he himself was shot,
reports from Manila said

Kim said he noticed that a suspicious-looking young
woman who had been in the restaurant was taken into
custody after the shooting.

Kim said Ramos then escorted him to his hotel in one of
two bulletproof presidential limousines that were rushed
to the scene by a concerned President Aquino, who later
called Kim at hotel room to inquire about his wellbeing

Kim's stopover in Japan follows visits here by the two
opposition leaders, Kim Yong-sam, and Kim Chong-pi!

Kim Yong-sam, leader of the Reunification Democratic
Party (RDP), the second largest opposition party, left
Narita Airport as Kim Tae-chung arrived, after holding
meetings with Japanese Prime Miunister Noboru
Takeshita and other government officials

Kim Chong-pil, a former prime minister in the Pak
administration and now head of the New Democratic
Republican Party, visited Japan on August | |

JSP Secretary General To Visit DPRK
OW 2308133788 Tokyo KYODO in Enelish 1245 GMI
23 Aug 88

[Text] Tokyo, Aug. 23 KYODO—The Japan Socialist
Party on Tuesday decided to send a delegation to North
Korea next month to mark the 40th anniversary of the
country’s independence, officials said.

A JSP spokesman said the delegation will be led by
Tsuruo Yamaguchi, the JSP secretary general

NORTHEAST ASIA

Yamaguchi will leave Japan on September 7 and return
home on September | 2

The JSP is tryirg io arrange 7 meeting between Yama-
guchi and North Korean Pr.sident Kim I)-song, JSP
officials said

During his visit, Yarnaguchi hopes to work out a settle-
ment concerning two Japanese seamen detaincd in
North Korea since !983, they said.

Iran, Iraq Envoys Express Thanks in Ending War
OW 2008091188 Tokyo KYODO in English 0734 GMT
20 Aug 88

{Text} Tokyo, Aug. 20 KYODO—The Iraqi and Iranian
ambassadors to Japan expressed their thanks to Japan
Saturday for having helped them end the 8-year war
between their nations and added they hoped for Japan's
cooperation in rehabilitating the two war-torn countries.

Welcoming the UN-mediated ceasefire for the Iran-Iraq
war that went into effect Saturday, Iraqi Ambassador
Rashid a!l-Rifa. .«n Tokyo told KYODC News Service
that his country expressed thanks to Japan for joining the
two Gulf nations in celebrating the peace moves.

He said fnendly political, economic, and cultural rela-
tions between Japan and Iraq must be promoted further
after the ceasefire.

Iraq, he said, had planned a wide range of economic
cooperation, even during the war, to develop its natural
resources.

Iranian Ambassador Seyed Mohammad Hoseyn Adeli
also told KYODO that his country wants to respond
positively to the Japanese Government and private firms
which are ready to help in the reconstruction of Iran.

He thanked Japan for past and current efforts toward
bringing eternal peace to the Gulf region.

Officials, Businessmen Comment
OW 2008102988 Tokvo KYODO in English 0905 GMT
20 Aug &8

[Text] Tokyo, Aug. 20 KYODO—Japanese officials and
the business community on Saturday welcomed the
ceasefire that ended the shooting in the 8-year Iran-Iraq
War

Transport Minister Shintaro Ishihara issued a statement,
welcoming the ceasefire.

Ishihara said Japan earnestly desires that lasting peace
will be restored in the Gulf region as soon as possible.

He commended the shipping industry for its efforts to
keep crude oi] supphes flowing to Japan under difficult
and dangerous conditions in the Persian Gulf.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

A total of 19 Japanese and Japanese-chartered ships were
attacked in the region, leaving 2 seamen dead.

Foreign Minister Sosuke Uno said Japan would offer as
much cooperation as possible for the United Nations
peace-keeping efforts.

Uno plans to visit Iran and Iraq at the earliest possible
date to see what Japan can do in rehabilitation of the two
nations.

The Foreign Ministry has decided to dispatch two civil-
ians for the UN peace-keeping team.

Japan which has maintained neutrality in the Iran-Iraq
conflict has offered aid to both nations for their postwar
rehabilitation

Toru Nakamura, head of the Transport Ministry's Inter-
national Transport and Tourism Bureau, said the min-
istry would ease restrictions on Japanese shipping to the
Gulf while watching developments in peace talks.

Japanese ships in the Gulf were ordered to sail in groups
to avoid attacks by warring nations.

Foreign Ministry officials welcomed the ceasefire and
expressed hope for a successful conclusion of peace talks
to put an end to the war.

The All-Japan Seamen's Umion hailed the United
Nations’ efforts to restore peace in the region and
expressed hope that war will never break out there again.

Japan Line Ltd., which operates 31 tankers in the Gulf,
said the source of its main wornes has now been
removed.

Mitsu: and Co., a major trading company, whose petro-
chemical project in Iran has been stalled due to the
conflict, said it hopes the peace talks and post war
rehabilitation would make speedy progress.

Opposition parties also welcomed the ceasefire

The Democratic Socialist Party hailed it as a major step
toward world peace. It urged the government to do as
much as it can to contribute to ensuring peace in the
region

The Japan Communist Party called for early withdrawal
of foreign troops from the region to pave the way for a
lasting peace

NORTHEAST ASIA

Defense Agency Chief Kawara Resigns
OW 2408100388 Tokyo KYODO in English 0932 GMT
24 Aug 88

[Text] Tokyo, Aug. 24 KYODO—Defense Agency chief
Tsutomu Kawara resigned from the cabinet Wednesday
to assume responsibility [as received] for the July 23 sea
disaster involving a Maritime Self-Defense Force sub-
marine and a fishing vessel in Tokyo Bay, government
officials said.

Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita accepted Kawara’s
resignation, the officials said.

Annual Defense White Paper Released
OW 2308012188 Tokyo KYODO in English 0049 GMT
23 Aug 88

[Text] Tokyo, Aug. 23 KYODO—The Soviet Union is
continuing a military buildup despite the conclusion of a
U.S.-Soviet treaty eliminating intermediate-range
nuclear force (INF) weapons and superpower efforts for
strategic arms reduction, an annual defense white paper
released Tuesday said.

The white paper, the | 4th in a series, also called for more
intensive efforts by Japan in research and development
of military equipment.

It noted that the United States and the Soviet Union have
concluded the INF treaty, that efforts are under way to
reach arms control and disarmament agreements in the
area of strategic nuclear forces, and that the Soviet Union
recently began withdrawing troops from Afghanistan.

However, the overali trend remains consistent with the
expansion of military strength that has characterized the
Soviet Union's policies since the 1960s, the white paper,
titled “Defense of Japan 1988,"" said.

The annual defense report, which was approved by the
cabinet on Tuesday morning, said, “The situation in the
region surrounding Japan creates complicated interrela-
tions of confrontation and cooperation among the
United States, China and the Soviet Union.”

The 252-page report said the military situation on the
Korean peninsula remains tense and that there 1s no
change in the military buildup and active operations of
the Soviet forces in East Asia.

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev has promoted his
peace initiative on arms control and disarmament and
been trying to improve relations with other countries, it
said.

t BIS-F AS-88-164
24 August 1988

The white paper, however, said, “In spite of such devel-
opments, there 1s no change tn the trend of a continuous
military buildup by the Soviet Union as seen in the
deployment of SS-24 ICBMS, commissioning of a fourth
Kiev-class aircraft carner, and deployment of a fourth-
generation fighter aircraft.”

It 1s estimated that the Soviet Union deploys a quarter to
a third of its entire strategic nuclear forces in East Asia.
The Soviet sirategic forces consist of 1,428 ICBMS, 967
SLBMS and 165 strategic bombers, the report said.

The Soviet Union deploys some 162 SS-20 intermediate-
range nuclear missiles in East Asia, which are to be
scrapped under the INF treaty, and some 85 TU-22M
Backfire bombers, it said

The Backfire bombers, capable of carrying air-to-ground
nuclear missiles, are deployed west of Lake Baykal and
on the coast opposite Sakhalin Island. They have a range
of about 4,000 kilometers and are thus capable of attack-
ing the sea-lanes around Japan, it said.

(ft some 2 million Soviet ground troops in 211 divisions,
about 500,000 troops in 57 divisions are deployed in the
Sino-Soviet border region, it said.

(of these, some 390,000 troops in 43 divisions are
deployed in East Asia, roughly east of Lake Baykal, it
said

About 845 ships, including some 75 nuclear-powered
submarines, out of the Soviet Navy's total strength of
about 3,080 ships, are under the flag of the Soviet Pacific
Fleet, it said

The white paper added that the Soviet Air Force has
about 8,890 combat aircraft, of which about a quarter, or
some 2,430, are deployed in East Asia, and that these
comprise about 470 bombers, about 1,760 fighters and
about 200 patrol planes

the white paper said that independent research and
development enables Japan to develop defensive equip-
ment suited to its geographical characteristics and
rational policies, as well as to modify such equipment in
step with changing technological advancement after its
a.quisition

The report said Japan's defense research and develop-
ment budget 1s very small compared with that of major
Western countries.

The budget for fiscal 1988 of the agency's technical
research and development institute was 81.8 billion yen,
accounting for 2.21 percent of the total defense-related
expenditure, 1\ said

The Defense Agency plans to increase the ratio to 2.5
percent by the end of fiscal 1990, it said

NORTHEAST ASIA

The report said the agency plans to carry out research
and development of new materials such as ceramics,
compsite materials and micro-electronics by fully uti-
lizing the private sectors pool of technology in the
high-tech field.

Japan and the United States agreed at the Japan-US
defense ministers’ meeting in January 1988 to continue
joint development of Japan’s next generation support
fighter and of various other items.

The white paper said this agreement ts significant from
the standpoint of effectively developing equipment by
consolidating the higher technology of both Japan and
the U.S., as well as fostering a healthier cooperative
relationship between the two countries.

Japan, it said, maintains a policy exclusively defensive in
nature and the possession of offensive weapons such as
ICBMS, long-range strategic bombers or attack aircraft
carriers would not be permissible.

Japan depends on its security arrangements with the
United States for areas which its national defense system
cannot cover and adheres to the three nonnuclear prin-
ciples of “not possessing nuclear weapons, not producing
them, and not permitting their introduction into Japan,”
the white paper said.

The appreciation of the yen against the dollar has pushed
up the cost of maintaining the U.S. forces in Japan, so
the government decided in January 1988 to shoulder up
to 100 percent of various allowances payable to the
21,700 Japanese workers on U.S. bases in Japan, it said

The government allocated 235.8 billion yen in fiscal
1988 for the cost of maintaining U.S. military facilities
in Japan, the white paper said.

KYODO Reports ‘Main Points’
OW 2308014888 Tokyo KYODO in English 0108 GMT
23 Aug ?8

[Text] Tokyo, Aug. 23 KYODO—The following ure the
main points in the 1988 defense white paper, released
Tuesday:

Part |. International Military Situation
Chapter |. Overall Military Situation

—Recent developments in relations between the United
S ates and the Soviet Union include the INF treaty
signed in December 1987 (effective June 1988).

—In April 1988, indirect negotiations in Geneva on the
Afghanistan problem were concluded between Pakistan
and Afghanistan, and between the United States and the
Soviet Union, under the auspices of the United Nations.

F BIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

—Efforts for arms contro) and disarmament in the area
of strategic nuclear forces are under way between the
United States and the Soviet Union.

—In spite of these developments, there is no change in
the stark reality that the peace and security of the world
today 1s maintained through the balance of power
including nuclear forces. Moreover, there 1s also no
change in the trend of a continuous military buildup by
the Soviet Union.

—Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who rose to power
in March 1985, 1s aggressively promoting various mea-
sures under the banner of perestroyka (restructuring)
within the framework of a centralized control system in
order to revitalize the Soviet economy, which has stag-
nated through a slowdown in oi] production and a drop
in ol prices, a labor shortage and sluggish labor produc-
tivity and proliferation of the bureaucracy.

—On Ne diplomatic side, Gorbachev made the Soviet
Lmion’s “peaceful intent:ons” clear to those inside and
outside the country through ,/ posais for arms control
and disarmament, while endeavoring to ifmprove or
Strengthen relations with other nations in various parts
of the world

—In spite of such developments. there 1s no change in
the trend of a continuous military buildup by the Soviet
L' mon, as seen in the deployment of the SS-24 ICBM, the
commissioning of a fourth Kiev-class aircraft carrier,
and deployment of the fourth-generation fighter aircraft.

—The United States considers its vital strategic fronts
against the Soviet Union to be in Europe and East Asia.
In order to protect its own and its allies’ interests, the
('nited States nas deployed its forces up to the border
regions of the Soviet Union so as to be able to cope
promptly and effectively with any contingency.

—In addition, the United States views the rcgion:,
around the Middle East and the Indian Ocean as vital to
its own and its allies’ interests and security, and accord-
ingly deploys its naval forces and positions ships in those
area

— There are two points that make the INF treaty partic-
ularly noteworthy: it 1s the first real step towards nuc!car
disarmament in that it is the first time for existing
weapons to be eliminated, and in that the treaty allows
thorough verification, including on-site inspection.

—Japan has long called for global elimination of mis-
siles, including those stationed ir Asia, and therefore,
Japan welcores this treaty. Moreover, it 1s gratifying
that in addition to the negotiations carried out by the
United State this treaty 1s due to the results of the

combined effort of all Western countries including Japan
in support of U.S. negotiations.

NORTHEAST ASIA

Chapter 2. Military Situation Around Japan

—The Soviet Union is deploying powerful military
forces around Japan. Worthy of particular mention 1s its
consistent buildup in qualitative and quantitative terms.
Therefore, this results not only in making the general
situation of this region tense but also in increasing the
potential threat to Japan.

—In spite of the developments, such as Gorbachev's
statement in Vladivostok in 1986 and the signing of the
INF treaiy, there is no change in the trend of a military
buildup and active operations of Soviet Forces in East
Asia.

—Dhialogue between North and South Korea remains at
a standstill and there is as yet no clear prospect that it
will be resumed. More than 1.2 million ground troops
continue to stand on guard across the Demilitarized
Zone (DMZ), and no signs of an easing of military
tension are yet discernible.

—China is striving to modernize its forces, but its rapid
modernization 1s at a difficult stage. Although there have
been signs of improvement recently in the relations
between China and the Soviet Union, the basic military
confrontation betveen the two countnes remains
unchanged.

Chapter 3. Military Situation in Other Regiozs
(Omutted) [as rece: ed]
Part II. Janan’s Defense Policy

Chapter |. Japan's National Security and the Signifi-
cance of the Self-Defense Forces

—Although the United States, backed by its outstanding
military and economic strength, continues to play a
mayjcr role in international politics and elsewhere, no one
can deny that its position has recently been declining
comparatively in the economic field.

—'nder these circu: nstances, Japan wll be increasingly
expected to play a role commensurate with its position as
the second largest economic power among non-commu-
nist nations next to the United States. In this case, Japan
must make a greater contribution in such nonmilitary
areas as politics, economics, and culture, as a country
that aspires to be a peaceful nation.

Chapt~-. 2. Basic Policy of Japan's Defense and National
Defense Program

—As long as the right of self-defense cannot be denied,
the government remains firm in the view that the con-
stitution does not inhibit th maintenance of the mini-
mum level of armed strength necessary to exercise that
right

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

—The government has thus maintained seif-defense
forces aS an actual combat organization in accordance
with a policy of an exclusively defensive nature, and has
taken steps to improve its capabilities and ensure its
efficrent Operation.

—The possession of offensive weapons which are
designed to reach a potential aggressor’s home territory,
for example ICBMS. long-range strategic bombers, or
attack aircraft carriers, would conflict with the criterion
for minimum defense forces and would therefore not be
permissible

—Japan adheres to the three nonnuclear principles of
“not possessing nuclear weapons, not producing them,
and not permitting their introduction into Japan,” as a
matter of national policy.

Chapter 3. Japan-U.S. Security Arrangements
(Omitted) [as received]

Part III. Present Conditions and Froblems of the
National Defense of Japan

Chapter |. Present State of the Self-Defense Forces and
Their Tasks

--Japan is the second-largest economic power in the
non-communist world and has a high level of industrial
technclogy. Since Japan is capable of independently
carrying out research and development projects in the
field of high technology, the Defense Agency 1s current’,
conducting research and development of equipment dy
taking advantage of the technological expertise accumu-
lated in the private sector.

—Japan’s defense research and development budget 1s
very small compared with that of major Western coun-
tries. The Defense Agency has promoted technological
research and development.

—The Defense Agency is planning to carry out research
and development of new materials such as ceramics,
composite materials and micro-electronics by fully uti-
lizing the private sector's pool of superior technology in
the high-tech field.

—Especially, it will rely primarily on the private sector
in the area of basic research. The Defense Agency will
develop technological research so that private high-
techrology can be integrated into future high-tech equip-
ment

Chapter 2. Buildup of an Effective and Efficient Defense
Capability

—Defense related expenditure for fiscal 1988, totaling
3.700.3 billion yen, accounts for about 6.5 percent of the

NORTHEAST ASIA

general account budget for the same year, and 1.013
percent of gross national product as estimated by the
government.

Chapter 3. Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation

—Joint development of Japan's next generation support
fighter, the FSX, marks the first attempt to develop
equipment through cooperation between Japan and the
U.S. This was highly rated at the Japan-U.S. defense
chiefs’ consultations in January 1988 as a project that
would open up various possibilities for future military
technological exchange between Japan and the U.S

—Cyntinued cooperation in the joint development of
the FSX and of various items c/ equipment between
Japan and the U.S. is significani: achievement from the
standpoint of deveioping effective equipment by consol-
idating the higher technology of Japan and the U.S., as
well as of fostering a healthier cooperative relationship
between the two nations.

—As of December 31, 1987, the numerical strength of
U_S. Forces in Japan was around 50,400 (about 2,100 in
the Army, 7,400 in the Navy, 23,600 wn the Marine
Corps and 17,390 in the Air Force).

—The economic situation involving Japan and the U.S
is further worseniig. Asa result, the U.S. Forces in Japin
are subject to heavier pressure than ever on the cost of
maintaining the forces. Therefore, it is important for
Japan to ensure the effective operation of U.S. Forces in
Japan by maintaining the stable employment of Japa-
nese workers on U.S. bases.

—From this standpoint, the government, adopting a
policy of increasing Japan's share of labor costs, on
January 8, |!988, signed with the U.S. a protocol revising
the special agreement so that Japan may pay up to 100
percent of various allowances for such workers.

Part IV . Citizens and Defense

(Omitted) [as received]
North Korea

Pyongyang Radio Version of Letter to U S.
SK 2408043888 Pyongvang Domestic Service in Korean
2200 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] Mayor General Y: Tae-ho, senior member of our
side to the MAC, has sent a letter to the senior member
of the U.S. side because of the fact that these days the
U.S. side is planning to kick up commotions of large-
scale war exercises aftr bringing huge armed forces and
modern military equipment into South Korea and its

FBIS-F AS-88-164
24 August 1988

surrounding waters in wanton violation of the armistice
agreement. The letter reads:

To U.S. Rear Admiral William T. Pendley, senior mem-
ber of the side of the UN forces to the MAC:

I send this letter in connection with the fact that your
side 1s planning to conduct war exercises after bringing
huge forces of aggression into South Korea under the
pretext of guaranteeing security for the Olympics.

Ac the 444th MAC meeting held on 15 July, to provide a
favorable environment for the alleviation of tension,
peace, and the peaceful reunification of the country, our
side strongly requested that your side stop kicking up the
arms buildup maneuvers that are being done under the
pretext of guaranteeing security for the Olympics. How-
ever, after bringing the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier
and flagship “Carl Vinson” and five battleships into
South Korea in July, your side brought in the “New
Jersey.’ a battleship belonging to the ").S. imperialists”
7th Fleet, and two desi oyers.

After mobilizing aircraft carrier task force units led by the
nuclear-powered aircraft carners “Nimitz” and “Midway.”
U.S. ferces stationed in Japan and the Philippines, and
more than |70 warships and hundreds of fighters of the
Japanese Self-Defense Forces, your side 1s also planning to
conduct a large-scale war exercise commotion at the same
time the Olympics are held. This is a grave crime that
furtner aggravates the situation on the Korean peninsula
and that increases the danger of war there

Your side 1s talking about hindering the Olympics with
us in mind. This is nothing but an excuse to justify the
buildup of the forces of aggression and the war exercise
commotions and 1s part of a very adventurous war plot
to give rise to a shocking incident if the Olympic games
do not proceed as you wish

We have put forth practical and reasonable peave pro-
posals to change the strained situation on the Korean
peninsula into one that 1s decisively favorable to the
alleviation of tension, peace, and peaceful reunification,
and are making all sincere efforts for their realization

Recently we proposed to convene a North-South joint
parliamentary meeting to discuss the issue of announc-
ing a joint declaration on nonaggression between the
North and South and the issue of cohosting the Olympics
and to prepare for it, historic meetings between the
delegates of the North and Souih are being held at
Panmunjom

At this time, your side is planning to bring huge forces of
aggression into South Korea and its surrounding waters
to kick up the commotion of staging large-scale military
exercises under the pretext of guaranteeing security for
the Olympics. This is an open challenge to our people
and the peace-loving people of the world who try to settle

NORTHEAST ASIA

the questions of alleviating tension on the Korean pen-
insula and of peacefully reunifying the country through
dialogue and negotiations and to the peace-loving people
of the world, and is a mockery of the ideals of the
Olympics.

I lodge a strong protest with your side against the schenie
to bring forces of aggression into South Korea and its
surrounding waters to kick up commotions of large-scale
war exercises in wanton violation of subparagraphs | 3c
and !3d of the armistice agreement, which ban the
introduction of reinforcing military personnel, weapons,
and combat equipment into Korea, and the preamble
and paragraph |2 of the armistice agreement, which
prevent the recurrence of war and peacefully resolving
the question of Korea, and demand that your side
promptly give it up.

If your side continues to aggravate the sit ation, ignoring
our repeated just protests, it will be held wholly respon-
sible for all the consequences that may arise therefrom.

[Signed] KPA May Gen Yi Tae-ho, senior member of the
side of the KPA and the Chinese People’s Volunteers to
the MAC

[Dated] 23 * ugust 1988

Radio Version of Letter to NNSC
SK 2408002488 Pyongyang Domestic Service in Korean
1S(92 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] Mayor General Yi Tae-ho, senior member of our
side to the MAC, has sent a letter to the Neutral Nations
Supervisory Commission [NNSC]. This is connected to
the fact that these days the U.S. side is planning to kick
up commotions of large-scale war exercises after bringing
huge armed forces and modern military equipment into
South Korea and its surrounding waters in wanton
vidlaiion of the Armistice Agreement. The letter reads:

To the NNSC-

Express)ng my noble respect to the NNSC, I am sending
this letter to you in connection with the the fact that
these days the U.S. side is planning to kick up commo-
tions of large-scale war exercises after bringioe huge
armed forces into South Korea and its surrounding
waters :n violation of the armistice agreement.

After bringing the nuclear-powered aircraft carner “Carl
Vinson” and five battleships into South Korea in July,
the US. side brought the “New Jersey.” a battleship
belonging to the U_S. imperialists’ 7th Fleet, into the port
of Inchon in early August.

The U.S. side is also planning to conduct a | ge-scale
war exercise commotion after mobilizing aircraft carner
task force units led by the nuclear-powered aircraft

F BIS-F AS-88-164
24 August 1988

carners “Nimitz” and “Midway,” U.S. forces stationed
in Japan and the Philippines, and more than | 70 ships
and hundreds of airplanes of the Japanese Self-Defense
Forces

Such a military buildup and war exercise commotions by
the U.S. side are a wanton violation of the preambie,
paragraph |2. and subparagraphs |13c and 13d of the
armistice agreement.

As your commission knows, we have made every sincere
effort to alleviate tension on the Korean peninsula and to
provide a favorable environment for peace *” the coun-
try and her peaceful reunification.

According to our initiative, meetin. . -ctween the dele-
gates of the North and South are t.: r'_ce at Pan-
munjom to prepare for a North-South ,_ ... parliamen-
tary meeting to discuss the issue of announcing a joint
declaration of nonaggression between the North and
South and the issue of cohosting the Olympics.

The U.S. side’s plans to kick up war exercise commo-
tions after bringing huge armed forces into South Korea
and its surrounding waters under the pretexi of ensuring
security for the Olympics is a challenge to all of the
Korean people and the people of the world who hope for
the alleviation of tension and peaceful reunification.

| expect that the NNSC. which assumes the mission of
supervising the implementation of the Korean Armistice
Agreement and of maintaining peace in F »rea will pay
due attention to the fact that the U_S. side 1s aggravating
the situation on the Korean peninsula in violation of the
Armistice Agreement.

| again express my respect to your commission.

[Signed] KPA Maj Gen Yi Tae-ho, senior member of the
side of the KPA and the Chinese People’s Volunteers of
the MAC

{Datcd] 23 August 1988

Choe Li-ung Named Senior Delegate to MAC
SA 2408083088 Pyvonevang Domestic Service in Korzan
US00 GMT 24 Aue 8&8

[Text] KPA Major General Choe Ui-ung has been
appointed today as new senior delegate of our side to the
MAC

Meeting Between Del:gation Heads Scheduled
SK2308 162088 Pyongyang KCNA in English
IS2° GMT 23 Aug 8&8

{Text} Pyonsyang August 23 (KCNA}—Chon Kum-chol,
head of ou’ side's delegation to the Panmunjom meeting
for the pr: paration “f a North-South joiat parliamentary
meeting. »n August 23 sent two telephone messages to
the Sov. side's chief delegate

NORTHEAST ASIA

In his first message he proposed to the South side’s chief
delegate to have a contact between the heads of delega-
tions of the two sides at “Tongilgak,” the building of our
side in Panmunjom, at 10 this morning.

But the South side did impolite act. It said that it would
send its reply to our message at 10:45 this morning and
then notified us that it would send a reply at 2 in the
afternoon and, going back even on these words, it sent a
telephone message at 2:45 in the afternoon, though it had
proposed the individual contact between the heads of the
delegations.

The South side even proposed to have the contact on
August 24. not on August 23 proposed by us, and choose
the conference room of the Neutral Nations Supervisory
Commission at Panmunjom, not “Tongilgak”, as its
venue.

Ja bis second tele; hone message in this connection, the
he» of our side’s delegation agrecd with magnanimity to
the » ised proposal of the South side to have the contact
on A :.gust 24 and expressed the view that it would be
reasonable to have it at “Tongilgak,”’ the building of our
side, or at the building in the South side’s area, taking
into consideration many points.

The South side agreed to this reasonable and sincere
proposal of our side, unable to revise or refuse it any
more. Thus the individual contact between the heads of
the delegations of the two sides to the meeting for the
preparation ot a North-South joint parliamentary meet-
ing will take place at the building in the South side’s area
of Panmunjom at |0 on the morning of August 24.

Delegates Hold Talks 24 August
SK2408025288 Pyongyang Domestic Service in Korean
0212 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Individual contact between the heads of the
delegates of the two sides to the Panmunjom meeting for
the preparations of a North-South joint parlhamentary
meeting 1s being held from 1000 [0100 GMT] today in
the building of the South side in Panmunjom.

Chon Kum-chol, head of the delegates to the Panmun-
jom meeting, is present from our side at the contact,
along with a suite member who is present to record the
contact. The senior delegate and a suite member are also
present from the South side

Today's contact is being held after Chon Kum-chol, head
of our side’s delegates, sent a telephone notice to the
South side twice yesterday.

After it evaded the fourth-round Panmunjom meeting
for the preparations of the North-South joint parliamen-
tary meeting. and even after it proposed individual
contaci between the heads of the two sides’ delegations,

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

the South side committed a discourteous act by not
responding to our proposal when our side proposed a
meeting at our building Tongilgak yesterday morning.

Nonetheless, by showing generosity, our side agreed to
the South side’s counterproposal that the contact be held
today at the South side’s building and went to the South
side at 1000 today.

Today’s contact is being held in camera according to the
agreement between the two sides.

The contact continues.

North Agrees to 26 August Talks
SK2408 105588 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1046 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Panmunjom August 24 (KCNA)}—An individual
contact between the heads of the delegations of the two
sides to the Panmunjom meeting for the preparation of a
North-South joint parliamentary meeting was held in the
South side’s area of Panmunjom from 10:00 to 12:00
today.

The South side had evaded the fourth round of the
Panmunjom meeting for the preparation of a North-
South joint parliamentary meeting and proposed an
individual contact between the heads of the delegation:
and then failed to turn up for the contact. So our side on
August 23 expressed the hope to meet with the chief
delegate of the South side at ‘“Tongilgak” of our side,
magnanimously showing the willingness to meet him in
the South side’s area.

At the contact the South side said what it had proposed
so far was “‘final’’ and it could make no more “‘con-
cession.”

Showing astonishment at the South side’s attitude in
proposing a contact between the heads of the delegations
without any new proposal, our side expressed readiness
to make at the fourth round of the meeting a series of
concessions including the name of the meeting and urged
the South side to propose the date for the fourth round
according to usage.

The South side, however, evaded setting the date, leav-
ing our side no alternative but to propose to have the
fourth round of the meeting at 10:00 August 25.

The South side refusing to agree to this proposal, our side
offered to resume at least the contact between the heads
of the two delegations at ‘“Tongilgak”’ of our side at 10:00
August 25.

The South side, however, did not give an answer to this
either.

NORTHEAST ASIA

It sent an answer to our prcposal at around four this
afternoon by a telephone message offering to have the
fourth round of the meeting between delegates 0: the two
sides for the preparation of a North-South joint parlia-
mentary meeting at 10:00 August 26.

We agreed to it.

Chon Sends Message to South
SK2408 125988 Pyongyang Domestic Service in Korean
1200 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Telephone message from Chon Kum-chol, head the
DPRK delegation to the Panmunjom meeting for prep-
aration of a North-South joint parliamentary meeting,
sent to the senior member of the South side’s delega-
tion—read by announcer]

[Text] To Pak Chun-kyu, senior member of the South
side’s delegation to the Panmunjom meeting for prepa-
ration of a North-South joint parliamentary meeting:

Although I consider it regrettable that your side » t
forth a revised proposal for a fourth Panmunjom u.

ing for preparation of a North-South joint parliamentary
meeting to be held on 26 August, not on 25 August 1988
as our side has proposed, I inform you that members of
our side’s delegation will go to the scheduled venue of
the meeting at 1000 [0100 GMT] on the morning of 26
August, out of a stand to make this meeting a success at
any cost.

[Signed] Chon Kum-chol, head of the North side’s dele-
gation to the Panmunjom meeting for preparation of a
North-South joint parliamentary meeting

[Dated] 24 August 1988

Dissidents Indict Police for Blocking Talks
SK 1908153588 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1501 GMT 19 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 19 (KCNA) —The Federation
of the People’s Movement for Democracy and Unifica-
tion of South Korea (Mintongnyon) in its August 16
statement declared that it would indict to the “Seoul
district prosecution” the director of the puppet police
headquarters, the director of the Seoul Municipal Police
Bureau and the chief of the East Gate Police Station on
charge of the suppression for frustrating the August 15
North-South student talks, according to a report.

Noting that the police committed violence on Mun
Ik-hwan, chairman of Mintongnyon, to wound him when
he participated in a Seoul citizens’ march for realising
the desire for reunification on August 14 and arrested
and assaulted citizens and students in an attempt to
block the student talks, the statement strongly demanded
that officials involved in it including “‘the director of the
police headquarters” be held responsible for this.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

In this connection Mintongnyon stated that it would
Start an indefinite sit-in together with some 20 leading
officials of dissident organizations in the Mintongnyon
office building till the authorities clarify this and take
appropriate measures.

Arrest of Students in South Reported
SK2108081288 Pyongyang KCNA in English
0810 GMT 21 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 2! (KCNA) —The South
Korean fascist clique on August 19 additionally arrested
five students including Yi Chae-u, a student of Yonsei
University, charging that they led the van in the demon-
stration in front of the university on the | Sth, according
to a report.

On Thursday they rounded up 35 students and citizens
who staged a demonstration and a sit-in in Taejon under
the slogan “Detain the labor minister who suppresses
workers.”

They scheme to refer them to murderous trials, saying
the city of Taejon is an “Olympic peace zone” and
accusing them of defying the “instructions” of the
authorities banning struggle there.

KCNA Contends Kim Chong-il Revered in South
SK2308101288 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1003 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 23 (KCNA) —South Korean
people deepen their reverence for dear Comrade Kim
Chong-il, invigorating awakening activities with respect
for him.

They formed new chuche idea study organizations in
different forms and are actively awakening themselves to
the greatness of Comrade Kim Chong-il’s idea, theory,
leadership and virtues.

Student Yi of Koryo University told a meeting for the
study of Comrade Kim Chong-il’s work “On Some
Problems of Education in the Chuche Idea”: “I have
deeply realised again that Mr. Kim Chong-il, who has
perfectly grasped the chuche idea of the great President
Kim Il-song espoused by all people and is brilliantly
applying it, is an outstanding great man of our time
making a distinguished contribution to the world history
of philosophical thoughts and the history of leadership of
the people.”

About 20 students of Koryo University formed a
“national ideological struggle committee.” They said:
“Mr. Kim Chong-il is a brilliant lodestar illumining the
present and the future. Let us courageously fight to bring
earlier the day of national reunification with the pride of
the nation in having a great sun and a brilliant lodestar.”

NORTHEAST ASIA

The « truggle to grasp the immortal idea of the dear leader
Comra’ Kim Chong-il is held openly at university
auditoriu:. ~ despite the fascist clique’s suppression.

A newspaper of South Korea said: “Lectures on the
chuche idea of Kim Il-song are given at auditoriums in
broad daylight. What is serious ts that this phenomenon
is not a temporary offspring of the psychology of heroism
but a confident act based on the recognition of the
realities.”

Awakening activities to keep Comrade Kim Chong-il’s
idea and theory as a rock-firm faith are briskly held
through the distribution of literatures and leaflets.

Numerous copies of the following leaflets were scattered
in Taegu, impressing the citizens: “Mr. Kim Chong-il is
the lodestar of the nation. Only when we hold in high
esteem and follow the leader Mr. Kim Chong-il will the
country be reunified and the happy day come when the
people will be well off. Let us all actively participate in
the anti-U.S. movement for national salvation and reu-
nification and valiantly fight to greet the day.”

A literature saying “Mr. Kim Chong-il is a brilliant
lodestar illumining the present and the future’ was
discovered in a ballot box in Inchon in October last year
to deeply move the people.

Early in February one year, a youth in his twenties in
Taegu sang in a bus running to Kimchon the song “We
Sing of the February Holiday” and shouted: “Ladies and
gentlemen, let us live with deep trust in General Kim
Il-song and the leader Mr. Kim Chong-il. Then the
country will be reunified.”

Cuba Confirms Decision Not To Attend Olympics
SK2408005288 Pyongyang Domestic Service in Korean
2100 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] According to a foreign press report from Havana
on 22 August, Alberto Juantorena, vice chairman of the
National Committee of Gymnastics, Physical Education,
and Recreation of Cuba, has reaffirmed the decision of
his country not to participate in the Seoul Olympics. He
said that Cuba will change its decision related to the
participation in the Olympics only when the North and
South of Korea cohost the Olympic games.

The foreign press report said that when Cuba announced
its decision not ‘o participate in the Seoul Olympics
Cuban athletes !::ld a meeting and supported such a
decision of their government.

Soviet Youth Delegation Arrives in Pyongyang
SK2208 103188 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1027 GMT 22 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 22 (KCNA}—A Soviet youth
delegation led by Victor Mironenko, first secretary of the
Central Committee of the Lenin Young Communist

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

League of the Soviet Union (Komsomol), arrived in
Pyongyang on August 22 to participate in the second
Korean-Soviet Fnendship Youth Festival.

The delegation consists of over 200 youth delegates
including workers, farmers, soldiers, teachers, students,
sportsmen and artistes who were selected from all levels
of Komsomol organizations.

It is accompanied by Soviet honoured guests.

It was met at the airport by Choe Yong-hae, chairman of
the Central Committee of the League of Socialist Work-
ing Youth of Korea, and other officials concerned.

Soviet Ambassador to Korea Gennadiy Bartoshevich
and his embassy officials were also on hand.

Earlier, some members of the Soviet youth delegation
arrived in Wonsan by ship.

Soviet Embassy Hosts Party
SK2/08052788 Pyongyang KCNA in English
0453 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 24 (KCNA}—A party in the
name of the Central Committee of the Lenin Young
Communist League [LYCL] of the Soviet Union was
given at the Soviet Embassy in Pyongyang last evening in
connection with the holding of the second Korean-Soviet
Friendship Youth Festival.

Victor Mironenko, first secretary of the Central Com-
mittee of the LYCL, who is leading the Soviet youth
delegation to our country to participate in the festival
made a speech at the party.

He said that the friendly relations between the youths of
the two countries had further strengthened and devel-
oped since the first Korean-Soviet Friendship Youth
Festival in Ulyanovsk, the Soviet Union.

Noting that the young people of our two countries were
striving firmly joining hands for the building of a new
society, he stated: We highly estimate the achievements
made by the Korean youth.

Saying that the first World Festival of Youth and Students
in Asia would be held in Pyongyang next year, he, in the
name of the delegation, hailed big successes achieved by
the Korean people and youth in the preparations for the
| 3th World Festival of Youth and Students.

Choe Yong-hae, chairman of the Central Committee of
the League of Socialist Working Youth of Korea, spoke
next

He stressed: The second festival will bear excellent fruit
and greatly contribute to the development of the tradi-
tional relations of friendship and cooperation between
the DPRK and the USSR for it will be held under the

NORTHEAST ASIA

greal expectation, attention and care of the great leader
of our party and our people Comrade Kim Il-song, dear
Comrade Kim Chong-il and respected Comrade Mikhail
Sergeyevich Gorbachev, general secretary of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Pointing out that the League of Socialist Working Youth
of Korea and the Lenin Young Communist League of the
Soviet Union were closely cooperating with each other to
successfully ensure the | 3th World Festival of Youth and
Students and the friendly relations between the two
organisations were further deepening in this course,
Choe Yong-hae said: We will make all efforts to have our
young people, the rising generation, continue coming
into bloom the deep bonds of friendship between the two
parties and two peoples through the second Korean-
Soviet Friendship Youth Festival.

Bust of Soviet Heroine Unveiled in Chongjin
SK 1908223288 Pyongyang KCNA in English
2221 GMT 19 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August | 9 (KCNA)}—A bust of heroine
of the USSR Maria Tsukanova, a nurse of the Soviet
Army who died a heroic death in a battle for the
liberation of Korea, has been erected at Komal Hill in
Chongjin.

The bust was unveiled Friday with due ceremony on the
spot.

Guards of honour of the Korean People’s Army were
standing before the bust.

While the wreath-laying music was played, wreaths were
laid at the bust in the name of North Hamgyong Provin-
cial Party and power bodies, administrative and eco-
nomic organs, friendship organizations, factories and
enterprises and in the name of the KPA unit stationed
there.

Wreaths were also laid in the name of the Soviet Consu-
late General and Soviet guests.

Then, the attendants observed a moment's silence in
memory of Maria Tsukanova who displayed a noble
internationalist self-sacrificing spirit in a battle to crush
Japanese imperialists.

The unveiling ceremony was addressed by Kang Yong-
wi, vice-chairman of the North Hamgyong Provincial
Administration and Economic Guidance Committee
and chairman of the North Hamgyong Provincial Com-
mittee of the Korean-Soviet Friendship Society.

He said that the erection of the bust of Maria Tsukanova,
a true daughter of the Soviet people and close revolu-
tionary comrade-in-arms of the Korean people who laid
down her hopeful youth 1n her twenties 1n a sacred battle
to crush Japanese militarism, 1s a clear manifestation of

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

the great vitality of the Korean-Soviet friendship and an
expression of the Korean people's friendly feelings
toward the fraternal Soviet people.

Our people always remember the heroic feats performed
by officers and men of the Soviet Army in battles to
annihilate the Japanese imperialist aggressors, he said,
and stressed:

In the future, too, we will make every effort possible to
further deepen and develop the fnendship between the
peoples of the two countries, upholding the intentions of
our party to constantly consolidate and develop the
Korean- Soviet friendship.

Gennadiy Bartoshevich, Soviet ambassador to Korea,
spoke next

He described the bust of Maria Tsukanova as an eternal
symbol of the development of friendly and cooperative
relations between the Soviet and Korean peoples.

We estimate the bust of Maria Tsukanova erected in
(hongjin Municipality as a token of the Korean people's
deep tribute to the feats of officers and men of the Soviet
Army, as an expression of their sincere desire to keep her
in memory, he said.

At the end of the ceremony the attendants saw round the
bust of Maria Tsukanova.

Youth Festival Propaganda Materials Put Out
SK2208154088 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1821 GMT 22 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 22 (KCNA}—Korea is bring-
ing out propaganda materials in large quantities with the
13th World Festival of Youth and Students ahead.

Nearly 40 kinds of more than 300,000 pieces of propa-
ganda materials for the festival have been published in a
year and more, which contain posters, picture albums,
books, calendars, postcards, and introduction materials
to ensure cor vemiences for festival guests and help them
have a deep understanding of Korea.

The foreign language press group published picture
albums “DPRK” and “Pyongyang Welcomes Guests to
the Festival” and is publishing posters, postcards and
various publications for the festival one after another.

The literary and art publishing house brought out a
collection of festival songs and different propaganda
materials

Various publishing houses are preparing the work to
publish the book “Korea Review”, the picture album
“Historical Relics of Pyongyang’, folding papers, stereo
pictures, guide maps and other propaganda materials

13

NORTHEAST ASIA

Propaganda materials already published have been dis-
tributed to more than 570 youth and student organisa-
tions of over 140 countries of the world and inter-
national organisations.

Foreign Papers on Youth Festival Preparations
SK2208101488 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1010 GMT 22 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 22 (KCNA) —Foreign newspa-
pers recently introduced the preparations for the 13th
World Festival of Youth and Students in the Democratic
People’s Republic of Korea.

The Mongolian paper DZALUUCHUUDYN UNEN
said that the DPRK is making efforts to provide full
conditions to the delegates to the 1 3th World Festival of
Youth and Students, the first of its kind in Asia.

The paper dealt with the construction projects for the
festival in various places of Pyongyang. All this will
successfully serve the festival participants, the paper
said.

The Cuban paper JUVENTUD REBELDE introduced
the festival emblem and said the Pyongyang citizens and
youth and students were arranging parks in the city
better for the festival.

The Bangladesh paper NATUN KATA gave an account
of the preparations for the festival in the DPRK.

Daily Stresses Unity, Cohes.on of People
SK2008153488 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1500 GMT 20 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 20 (KCNA) The greatest
victory in the streagthening and development of the
DPRK is that the entire people are closely rallied around
the party and the leader, says NODONG SINMUN
today.

The full-page editorial article of the paper entitled
“Unity and Cohesion of Entire People Rallied Close
Around Party and Leader Is Source of Invincible Might
of DPRK” says:

The firm unity of the entire people around the party and
the leader 1s a powerful motive force which built up our
Republic and dynamically pushed it forward along the
road of victory and glory under the banner of chuche.

The respected leader Comrade Kim Il-song said:

“The party and the people, in solid unity and cohesion,
constitute the mighty, chuche-oriented force of the rev-
olution, and all the people place their unreserved trust in
the party and the government. This 1s a sure guarantee
for the durability of our socialist system and the decisive
factor for the victory of the cause of socialism and
communism in our country.”

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Unity is the fundamental key to building a rch and
powerful, independent state under the banner of the
chuche idea.

It is thanks to the unity of the entire people around the
party and the leader that our country, which was a
colonial semi-feudal society with age-old backwardness
only 40-odd years ago, has been turned into a rich,
powerful socialist state in a short span of time through
manifold difficulties and trials.

Unity is the fundamental source which brought about
the birth of our Republic and its development and
prosperity.

Although immeasurably arduous and grim obstacles
cropped up in the way of the DPRK, our people could
win a great victory and perform brilliant feats under the
most difficult and unfavorable circumstances by fighting
in close unity around Comrade Kim Il-song.

The unity of the entire people is powerful because it
made it possible to firmly defend the sovereignty and
dignity of our republic.

It is not thanks to any numerical or technical superiority
but to the politico-ideological power, the unity of the
entire people around the party and the leader that our
Republic always took the initiative and won victory after
victory in the fight against truculent enemies.

The unity of the entire people around the party and the
leader 1s powerful also because it dynamically pushed
our Republic along the road of constant development
and prosperity.

Apart from unity it is unthinkable that despite the most
difficult and complex circumstances in which everything
was destroyed and razed to the ground, our Republic
manufactured things from nothing and made constant
leaping progress toward the most advanced from the
backward. It is the unshakable faith of our people that
they can always emerge victorious only when they
advance under the guidance of the party and the leader,
placing an absolute trust in them.

The article continues:

The DPRK, our glorious fatherland which was built by
Comrade Kim Il-song and glorified by our party, is a
genuine people's government and a great banner of unity
and cohesion of people.

It is thanks to the wise guidance of the party and the
leader that our Republic enjoys absolute support and
deep trust from the entire Korean people and becomes a
banner of their unity and cohesion.

The high dignity and honor and aii other things precious
and proud of our Republic are linked with the august
of Comrade Kim Il-song. His revolutionary idea,

NORTHEAST ASIA

tested leadership and noble virtues are the fundamental
source of development and prosperity of our Republic.
Our socialist fatherland enjoying absolute trust from the
entire people is a proud reality in which the leader's
far-reaching idea has been fully embodied.

The whole course along which Comrade Kim Il-song has
victoriously led the cause of state building under the
banner of chuche is run through with his original ideo-
logical and theoretical activities and energetic revolu-
uonary practice to make our Republic shine as a genuine
people’s state and a rich, powerful socialist state. This 1s
the main reason why the entire people absolutely trust
and follow our Republic.

The article stresses:

Today our Republic has become a genuine people’s state
enjoying absolute support and trust from the entire
people entireiy because it is led by Comrade Kim Il-song
possessed of indefinitely broad generosity and magna-
nimity and warm love of the people.

His loving care of all of our people is boundlessly
benevolent and warm. It is a strong bond linking the
respected leader and the people, the party, the govern-
ment and the masses by one ideology and noblest sense
of duty.

As our party is leading our Republic along the road of
development and prosperity, the unity of the leader, the
party and the masses and the force of the people advanc-
ing under the banner of the Republic become all the
more powerful. As our Republic has a great leader at its
head, the unity around the party and the Republic 1s
invincible and unbreakable.

Ours is a great rock-firm unity and cohesion based on
revolutionary duty and comradeship around our party
Central Committee headed by respected Comrade Kim
Il-song. We should defend this unity and cohesion like
the apple of the eye and consolidate it as firm as granite.

Daily Explores Man’s Chuche-Based Activity
SK1908110488 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1014 GMT 19 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 19 (KCNA}—NODONG SIN-
MUN today carries an article headlined ‘Profound,
Chuche-Based Exposition of Man's Activity’, which
says:

Dear Comrade Kim Chong-il gave a profound philo-
sophical exposition of man’s activity in his works includ-
ing “on some problems of education in the chuche idea”
and ‘“‘on the chuche idea”.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Dear Comrade Kim Chong-il has said:

“By his independent, creative and conscious activity,
man continuously transforms nature and society, chang-
ing as he desires what does not meet his needs, and
replacing what is outdated and reactionary with what is
new and progressive. This 1s man’s endeavour and
struggle to change and transform the world into one that
serves man better.”

Dear Comrade Kim Chong-il expounded the essential
characteristics of man in a scientific way and, on its
basis, clarified in a comprehensive way all the problems
arising in expounding man’s activity such as the essence
and characteristics of man’s activity and its special
features and basic way.

The understanding of man’s activity is related to the
principle of the essential characteristics of man.

Man’s activity is an expression of chajusong, creativity
and consciousness, which are essential attributes of man.

The activity of man is caused and motivated by man
himself and is related to the essential nature of man. In
other words, man’s activity is motivated by chajusong,
creativity and consciousness, the essential attributes of
man, not by any superhuman reason.

As man’s activity is caused by the essential nature of
man, it assumes independent, creative, purposeful and
conscious characteristics.

Man’s activity has its own original features substantially
different from all kinds of movements in the world.

Man’s activity 1s motivated by his ideological conscious-
ness. It finds its expression in that the characteristics and
level of activity are determined by the characteristics
and level of ideological consciousness. Cognitive activity
of man and his activity of transformation are the basic
mode of his activity. Man is the subject of cognition and
the cognitive activity is a course of man’s positive
thinking to find the essence of phenomena and the law of
its change and development. Man conducts cognitive
activity commensurate with the level of his demand and
cognitive capacity.

Activity of transformation is the struggle for man to
provide all conditions to lead his independent life. The
main sphere of the transformation activity is social
reform, nature-remaking and human transformation.

Man’s activity is one which is in the position of domi-
nating all forms of movement in the world and one
which plays the role of reshaping and changing the
world.

Man's activity remakes and changes the world for it is a
creative activity, not an activity acceding willingly to the
circumstance, and an activity with means, not an activity
with nothing.

NORTHEAST ASIA

The chuche-based understanding of man’s activity has
made it possible to deeply grasp the philosophical prin-
ciple of the chuche idea and deeply understand the
subject of history, a foundation of the socio-historical
outlook. It is also an important problem in firmly
establishing the revolutionary outlook on the leader and
the true outlook on life.

The chuche-based understanding of man’s activity indi-
cates that the leader cultivates chajusong, creativity and
consciousness, the cause of the activity of the popular
masses, is the centre of analysing and consummating and
uniting as one the independent demand and interests,
the cause of the activity of the popular masses, and the
centre of commanding their creative activity in a uni-
form way.

Paper Describes Chuche as Source of Heroism
SK2208 102888 Pyongyang KCNA in English
1018 GMT 22 Aug 88

[Text] Pyongyang August 22 (KCNA)}—NODONG SIN-
MUN yesterday carried a signed article headlined
““Chuche Idea is Ideological Source of Our People’s Mass
Heroism.”

It is thanks to the great chuche idea of our party that
many heroes have emerged in our country and the entire
people are proud of being a heroic people, the article
says, and goes on:

The chuche idea is the ideological basis on which people
become heroes, the performers of heroic feats. This is
because the chuche idea is an idea which defends and
realises the independent aspirations and demands of the
popular masses.

The chuche idea encourages and stimulates the popular
masses to heroic feats first of all because it gives them a
high degree of consciousness and faith that their destiny
should be shaped by themselves.

The great leader Comrade Kim I]-song taught:

““When the masses of working people rise in a struggle to
shape their destiny with the consciousness that they are
the masters of revolution, they can display inexhaustible
wisdom and creativity and advance the revolution and
construction at an extremely high tempo.”

Only when people are ready to hew out their destiny by
themselves with belief in their strength can they display
matchless heroism, self-sacrificing spirit and devoted-
ness in a fierce class struggle and economic construction.

The chuche idea 1s the ideological and spintual source
which makes people performers of heroic feats next
because it gives them a clear revolutionary outlook on
the leader so that they may display heroism and devot-
edness in carrying through the lines and policies worked
out by the party and the leader.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

The feats of the numerous heroes who have been pro-
duced in the whole course of our revolution clearly prove
that the chuche idea 1s the ideological source of heroism.

Heroism is the devotedness displayed in the struggle to
carry through the lines and policies put forward by the
party and the leader. This depends on the stand and
viewpoint of the revolutionary people towards the party
and the leader.

The heroic struggle of our people has taught a precious
truth that people become the heroes of the time, the
performers of heroic feats, when they understand the
principle of revolutionary outlook on the leader clarified
by the chuche idea and hold the party and the leader in
high esteem.

The chuche idea ensures the scientific accuracy and
correctness of the party's lines and policies so that people
may display heroic spirit and mass heroism in their
implementation.

All the heroes, ranging from the heroes of the anti-
Japanese revolutionary struggle to the unassuming
heroes today, devoted all their youth and lives to carry-
ing through the party’s lines and policies and performed
continuous miracles and innovations at their posts
assigned by the party, as they firmly believed that they
were most judicious.

SKNDF Spokesman on Blocked Student Talks
SK2308104988 (Clandestine) Voice of National
Salvation in Korean to South Korea 0200 GMT

18 Aug 88

[**Full text” of statement issued by the spokesman for the
SKNDF on 16 August; place not given—read by
announcer]

[Text] The 15 August North-South student talks that
have been prepared amid great expectations and the
support of the entire nation have been blocked again
because of the frantic fascist offensive of the military
dictatorial regime.

The No Tae-u military regime, which frustrated the 10
June student talks by force at the instigation of the
United States, this time issued various suppressive
orders, occupied and blocked the universities and the
roads to Panmunjom by mobilizing suppressive armed
forces, and committed a bestial suppressive operation
against the students, which incurs the wrath of both
heaven and man. The fascist ring blocked at the source
the students’ great cross-country march and 15 August
talks send-off meeting by force; suffocated the students
who called for reunification with teargas: brutally beat,
kicked, and trampled them underfooi, go:ng at them like
blood-thirsty beasts; and whisked them away at random
by force, savagely assaulting them and checking and
searching them.

16

NORTHEAST ASIA

Under this horrible bloody situation, about (710) male
and female students were wounded, some seriously,
bleeding all over. Nearly 10,000 students were whisked
away last week and were savagely tortured. Truly this
was another massive vicious manslaughter operation, an
exact copy of the horrible incident 8 years ago in which
they turned the entire city of Kwangju into a pool of
blood with an unprecedented massive manslaughter
operation.

This shocking incident, in which they treated our patn-
otic students’ yearning to go to Panmunjom, the road to
reunification, with hostility and blocked their great
cross-country march and | 5 August talks is frantic fascist
violence that can be committed only by such a dictator as
the No Tae-u ring—brutal military hooligans and
national traitors. The SK NDF brands this an intolerable
anti-national crime that totally reyects North-South dia-
logue and reunification and pursues perpetual division,
and strongly condemns and denounces it in the name of
all the people.

The students’ great cross-country march and 15 August
talks were a manifestation of the noble patriotic spirit to
put an end to the division of the country—the nation’s
greatest pain and misfortune—as the standard-bearer of
national reconciliation and the vanguard of [word indis-
tinct]. Because the students could not merely look on
with folded hands at the division of the country—which
has continued for over 40 years—being perpetually fixed
by the unilateral hosting of the 1988 Seoul Olympics,
they held aloft the banner of reunification for national
salvation, initiated the great cross-country march and
the 15 August North-South student talks, and resolutely
launched into the struggle to realize them.

Therefore, the students’ great cross-country march and
15 August talks, which incorporate the will and yearning
of the masses for reunification, should be successfully
realized in the spotlight of the entire nation and the
conscience of mankind and should not be suppressed or
regarded with hostility by anyone.

Nevertheless, the No Tae-u ring blocked the students’
great reunification march and 15 Augus\ talks by fascist
violence. This showed that they have never had any will
for (national reunification), but only seek to monopo-
lize the discussion of reunification and North-South
dialogue and use them for perpetual national division
and the prolongation of power. This also realistically
proved that democratic development and grand recon-
ciliation, which they rave about, are all false and decep-
tive and a trick to deceive the people.

This eloquently shows that the so-called Sixth Republic
is exactly the same antidemocratic and antireunification
republic as the Fifth Republic, which was forsaken by the
masses at home and abroad for its fascist and splittist
policy, and that No Tae-u is the same pro-US. traitor as

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Chon Tu-hwan, inheriting [words indistinct] the mur-
derer who conducted a massive bloody massacre in
K wangju, immersing the entire city in a sea of blood.

After frustrating the students’ 10 June Panmunjom talks,
the No Tae-u ring blocked the 15 August talks, further
revealing that they are the unprecedented traitors and
despicable splittist maniacs who have not even elemen-
tary qualifications to mention North-South dialogue and
national reunification.

The No Tae-u_ ring’s nation-selling and traitorous
maneuvers to monopolize discussion of reunification
and North-South dialogue and check and obliterate the
yearning and aspiration of the masses of broad strata for
reunification, to perpetuate the division of the country
and the nation, and to permanently leave this land in the
hands of the United States as its colonial and military
base should never be tolerated.

Our students’ movement for national reunification
should be unconditionally (encouraged). All of their
claams and demands for national reconciliation and
reun fication should be realized without delay. The No
Tae-u ring should openly apologize to the entire nation
for their crime of blocking the 15 August North-South
student talks with violent and brutal fascist suppression;
unconditionally and immediately release and revoke the
order to arrest all the students they whisked away,
arrested, or intend to arrest in connection with the
student talks; and step down *om power immediately.

Today’s reality clearly shows that as long as the United
States, which holds all the real power in this land, and
the No Tae-u ring remain in this land unchecked, we
cannot expect the real freedom of the discussion of
reunification or activation of the reunification move-
ment, nor can we expect reconciliation and unity
between the North and the South, nor can we realize
democracy, civil rights, and national sovereignty.

The national reconciliation and national reunification
desired by all the people can only be achieved through a
uncompromising struggle against the antinational and
antireunification forces.

The students should never retreat from the road to
reunification for national salvation or remain disap-
pointed in the feelings of frustration, even if their 15
August talks were blocked. Our patriotic students should
renew their will for struggle in the wake of the bloody
suppression they ran against and wage a vigorous strug-
gle to expel the U.S. aggressor forces, the obstacle to
reunification, and overthrow the military dictatorial
regime, and should wage a continuous and vigorous
sacred war of national salvation for national reunifica-
tion hand in hand with all the masses.

The struggle for reunification is for the sake of all the
people and victory in it depends upon the struggle of the
people. The masses of all strata should actively support

NORTHEAST ASIA

and encourage the students’ movement of national sal-
vation for reunification and devote themselves together
with the students to the sacred work for reunification.

The SKNDF expresses its conviction that at these press-
ing crossroads of reunification and perpetual division,
all the parties, factions, and masses of all walks of life
that desire reunification will rise up bravely, eliminate
the dark clouds of perpetual division by continuous and
resolute struggle, and expedite the advent of the new
history of the reunified country.

[Dated] 16 August 1988

Correction to Delegate Speaks at 3d Meeting

SK2308045888 The following correction pertains to the
item headlined “Delegate Speaks at 3d Meeting” pub-
lished in the 22 August 1988 East Asia DAILY
REPORT, pages 13-15:

Page 14, column two, second full paragraph on page,
only sentence, should read: ... have been held more than
100 times in a form .... (changing “190” to “100”;
correcting translation)

Correction to Further on 3d Round of Talks

SK2308045088 The following correction pertains to the
item headlined “Further on 3d Round of Talks” pub-
lished in the 22 August 1988 East Asia DAILY
REPORT, pages 16-18:

Page 16, column two, last paragraph, first sentence,
should read: ... have been held more than 100 times in
the form .... (changing “190” to “100; correcting trans-
lation)

South Korea

Talks Between Senior Delegates Begin 24 August
SK 2408044188 Seoul Domestic Service in Korean
0200 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Closed-door talks between the senior delegates of
both sides to convene North-South parliamentary talks
started at 1100 [0100 GMT] this morning at the Peace
House on our side of Panmunjom.

Upon leaving for Panmunjom, this morning, Pak Chun-
kyu, our side’s senior delegate, met the delegates of the
four parties, who attended the previous working-level
contacts, and discussed the talks format and the agenda,
which he will propose to the North side in today’s talks.
Senior delegate Pak Chun-kyu said that he would make
sincere efforts in today’s talks and that he would advance
to the North side the proposal that the four parties
agreed on. Senior delegate Pak Chun-kyu also said that
even though there can be no final proposal in diplomacy,
I, alone, in the capacity of senior delegate, cannot show

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

a flexible stand because the National Assembly is com-
posed of four parties and if the North Korean side's
delegation head comes to the negotiations with a pro-
posal containing concessions, | will again meet with the
delegates of the four parties to discuss measures for this
and will decide after reaching an agreement among the
four parties.

Fourth Contact Proposed
SK240808 1588 Seoul Domestic Service in Korean
0700 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] The National Assembly today proposed to the
North Korean side a fourth preparatory contact for
North-South parliamentary talks at 1100 [0100 GMT}
on the morning of 26 August at Peace House, in the area
of our side of Panmunjom.

After an exclusive meeting in camera between the senior
members of the two sides at 1100 this morning in Peace
House at Panmujom, Pak Chun-kyu, senior member of
our side's delegation, held a meeting this afternoon with
the National Assembly leadership, members of our side’s
delegation, and floor leaders of major parties in the
National Assembly building to explain t 2 result of the
contact.

He said that he had proposed to the North Korean side
a fourth preparatory contact for North-South parliamen-
tary talks at Peace House on 26 August.

After today’s meeting of the National Assembly repre-
sentatives, senior member of our side's delegation Pak
Chun-kyu, without saying a word about what was dis-
cussed in his exclusive meeting with Chon Kum-chol,
head of the North side’s delegation, said in a press
conference that he had proposed a fourth preparatory
contact.

He added that the fourth preparatory contact could also
be held open to the public as was the case with the third
contact, or it could be held in camera if the two sides
reach an agreement.

North, South Agree to Talks
SK 2408092688 Seoul YONHAP in English
0920 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Panmunjom, South Korea, Aug. 24 (YONHAP)}—
South and North Korea will resume on Friday the
meetings between their parliamentary delegates which
came to a deadlock Monday after three rounds of talks
seeking to clear the way for full-scale inter-Korea parlia-
mentary talks.

The resumption of the meeting was agreed upon between
the chief delegates of the two sides, who met with each
other for two hours behind the closed doors at the South
Korean pavilion in this truce village.

NORTHEAST ASIA

In the meeting, the Northern side suggested that the
fourth round of talks be held Friday. [as received] The
Southern chief delegate later informed the North of its
decision to accept the proposal.

South Korean chief delegate Pak Chun-kyu, who
returned to Seoul immediately after the meeting with his
North Korean counterpart, Chon Kum-chol, discussed
the North Korean offer with other members of his
delegation, as well as parliament leaders, and floor
leaders of the ruling and opposition parties before the
decision was made to accept it.

Pak, however, did not disclose whether he and Chon
made any progress in resolving the differences between
the two sides on the format and agenda of the full-scale
talks. Their differences on the format and agenda have
marred the previous sessions.

We hope the North will bring a more affirmative coun-
terproposal to the fourth talks, Pak said.

An informed source, meanwhile, said the Northern side
apparently failed to offer in the chief delegates’ meeting
a fresh proposal helpful for realizing the full-scale talks.

The source said prospects for realizing the full-scale talks
still remain unclear.

Wednesday's meeting was held after the North accepted
Pak’s last-minute proposal at the third round of talks
Monday.

North Korea has continued to call for a joint session of
the two Koreas’ parliaments with all their members
attending to discuss a non-aggression declaration while
South Korea has counterproposed that an urgent meet-
ing be held involving a limited number of parliamentary
delegates to discuss the upcoming Olympic games.

Seoul has urged Pyongyang to take part in the Seoul
Olympics which open Sept. 17, but the latter has said it
would boycot the games unless it be allowed to co-host
the games.

Further on Proposed Talks
SK2408 103888 Seoul Domestic Service in Korean
1000 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] A fourth preparatory contact for convening
North-South parliamentry talks is to be held at 1100
[0100 GMT] on the morning of 26 August in Peace
House, in the area of our side at Panmunjom.

In a meeting held today with the attendance of the house
leadership, members of our side’s delegation to the
preparatory contact for North-South parliamentary
talks, and floor leaders of the major parties, the National
Assembly heard reports on the outcome of an exclusive
meeting held this morning at Panmunjom between the
senior members of the two sides’ delegations from Pak

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Chun-kyu, senior member of our side s delegation. Tae
meeting tl.en proposed to the North Korean side a fourth
preparatury contact on 26 August.

Our side’s proposal was relayed to the North Korean side
at 1700 this afternoon through the direct telephone line
between the North and South Red Cross Societies. With
the North Korean side accepting this, the fourth prepa-
ratory contact has been arranged io be held in Peace
House at Panmunjom at 1100 on the morning of 26
August.

In a press conference held aftcr the National Assembly
meeting, senior member of our side’s delegation Pak
Chun-kyu, without mentioning a word about what was
discussed in his 2-hour closed-door exclusive meeting
with Chon Kum-chol, head of the North side’s delega-
tion this morning, said that he was expecting an affirma-
tive revised proposal for an initiative for a fourth prepa-
ratory contact and that the fourth contact would be held
in a manner open to the public as was the case with the
the past three rounds of contacts.

He added that if the North side wants, the contact could
also be held in camera.

North To Dedicate Church, Invite South Pastors
SK2408010188 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
24 Aug 88 p 9

[Text] North Korea will dedicate the first Catholic
church in Pyongyang at the end of next month, a leading
Catholic priest here was quoted as saying.

The Rev. Angelo N. Kim, president of the Bishops’
Conference of Korea, was quoted by the weekly
PYONGHWA SINMUN as saying that the north may
invite Catholic leaders in the south to the dedication
ceremony.

The paper also reported that a Protestant church will be
built in Pongsu-dong in the Mangyongdae district of

Pyongyang.

The construction will be completed at the end of October
and there will be a commemorative service in the first
week of November, the weekly reported quoting the Rev.
Pak Kyong-so, regional director for Asia of the World
Council of Churches.

U.S. Trade Bill Causes ‘Deep Disappointment’
SK2408073088 Seoul YONHAP in English
0725 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 24 (YONHAP)}—South Korea
expressed deep disappointment on Wednesday at the
enactment of a U.S. omnibus trade bill saying the
measure contains all the protectionist elements that have
been the cause of so much concern in many trading
countries.

NORTHEAST ASIA

Our government expresses its deep disappointment at
the fact that the omnibus trade bill has been finally
signed into law by President Reagan with all the protec-
tionist elements which aroused so much concern and
protest from Korea and many other trading nations of
the world, Foreign Minister Choe Kwang-su said in a
Statemenit.

We are particularly concerned with the likely counter-
reactions from U.S. trading partners to the protectionist
trade poi y envisioned in the trade act, which may
entail enactment of similar laws or retaliations in kind,
thereby creating a confrontational world trading envi-
ronment, Choe said.

The U.S. law would prove to be detrimental to Korea’s
efforts to expand its future bilateral trade relationship
with the United States in a balanced way, Choe said.

We earnestly hope that the U.S. Government takes into
full consideration the concerns expressed by Korea and
many other trading nations in this regard, and ensures
that the law be implemented in such a way as not to
adversely affect ... the smooth growth of the Korea-U.S.
trade relationship, Choe acded.

Trade and Industry Minister An Pyong-hwa also issued a
statement which said the Korean Government worries
about the adverse influence stemming from the protec-
tionist elements of the U.S. trade bill and cannot help
expressing deep regret over President Reagan's signing
the bill into law.

We expect that the U.S. Government will fully consider
our concerns and those of other major trading partners
and implement the law most prudently, an added.

Soviet Consular Group Visits Foreign Ministry
SK2408002588 Seoul YONHAP in English
0020 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 24 (YONHAP)}—A four-member
Soviet consular delegation visited the Foreign Ministry
Tuesday to hold talks on facilities and services, including
security, for athletes and tourists from the Soviet Union
during the Seoul Olympic games.

The delegation, led by Leonid Aleksandrovich Osinkin, a
senior counsellor at the Soviet Foreign Ministry, arrived
here on Aug. 19 to carry out consular functions for
Soviet nationals and their property during the Olympics,
slated for Sept. | 7-Oct. 2.

In an hour-long meeting with An Hyon-won, director-
general of the ministry's Consular Overseas Residents
Affairs Bureau, the Soviet delegation requested the min-
istry help a Soviet vessel, with Soviet Olympic athletes
aboard, put in at Inchon port on Sept. 8.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Some 1,500 Soviet nationals are expected to visit Seoul
for the games, including a 784-member official delega-
tion with 625 athletes, the second largest contingent after
that of the United States.

The Soviet consular delegation has opened a temporary
consular office at the Sheraton Walker Hill Hotel in
Seoul. The consular delegation is scheduled to leave
Seoul on Oct. 10.

USSR Magazine Interviews Kim Yong-sam
SK2008235688 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
21 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] Kim Yong-sam, president of the opposition Reu-
nification Democratic Party, who is on a visit to Japan,
yesterday had an exclusive interview with a Soviet
magazine. Kim's aides revealed that Kim had the inter-
view with Vladimir Ousyannikov, a correspondent of
THE NEW TIMES, at the New Otani Hotel in Tokyo,
where Kim was staying.

THE NEW TIMES is a weekly magazine which is
distributed in 29 countries, according to the aides.

The aides said that the Soviet magazine asked for the
interview because Kim's proposal for the organization of
a parliamentarians league of six Northeast Asian coun-
tries was a response to the Vladivostok declaration by
the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in July in 1986.

Korean Embassy Grants Visas to JSP Reporters
SK2408005588 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
24 Aug &8 p 2

[Text] The Korean Embassy in Japan granted entry visas
for four reporters of the Japan Communist Party organ
Akahata, including its sports editor Osamu Kochima for
their coverage of the Seoul Olympics.

It was the first time that the Korean government allowed
members of the JCP to visit Korea.

The reporters will fly into Seoul Sept. 10 and stay here
until Oct. 4 to cover the Sept. 17-Oct. 2 Games.

Officials at the Foreign Ministry said the embassy
granted their entry visas in line with the governments
policy to open the Games to any one from any country,
though the JCP has an unfriendly attitude towards the
government of Korea.

Talks With New Zealand on Beef Imports End
SK2008005988 Seoul YONHAP in English
0042 GMT 20 Aug 88

{Text} Seoul, Aug. 20 (YONHAP)}—South Korea and
New Zealand ended two days of talks Friday with no
agreement on Seoul importing beef from Wellington, the
Foreign Ministry said.

20

NORTHEAST ASIA

At the talks held here, the Korean side said the time is
not yet appropriate for it to import more bec: from New
Zealand, citing increased import commitments of other
foreign beef.

Bowing to strong {!.S. pressure for wider access of U.S.
agricultural producis to the Korean market, South Kurea
deciced to import !4,509 tons of foreign beef this year.

The New Zealand de'egation demanded that Korea fully
open its domestic beef market in accordance with the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

South, Australia To Form Joint Maritime Panel
SK2308015788 Seoul YONHAP in English
0044 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 23 (YONHAP)}—South Korea and
Australia have agreed to form a joint consultative com-
mittee On maritime transport beginning next year, the
Korea Maritime and Port Administration said Tuesday.

The agreement was reached in Korea-Australia maritime
talks held recently in Australia to strenthen cooperation
between Seoul and Canberra in the maritime transport
field, administration officials said.

In the talks, Australia pledged to support Korea's posi-
tion concerning a recent allegation by the European
Community (EC) that a Korean shipping company is
setting unfair freight rates on a Europe-Australia sea
route, the officials said.

The Australian side also said it will help Korean shipping
firms secure transport services on a Japan-Australia sea
route.

The oceanic country expressed disapproval, however,
toward a Korean request for a bilaicral maritime agree-
ment, saying that members of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) usu-
ally do not sign two-way agreements, according to the
officials.

Iran, Iraq Invite Ministers to Industrial Fairs
SK2008022788 Seoul YONHAP in English
0214 GMT 20 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 20 (YONHAP)—Iran and Iraq have
invited South Korean cabinet members to attend indus-
trial fairs in their respective countries in September and
November, government sources said Saturday.

Babak Lavaie, commercial attache at the Iranian
Embassy in Seoul, delivered his government's invitation
to send a cabinet member such as the energy-resources
minister or construction minister to an international fair
slated for Sept. 12-25 in Tehran, the sources said.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

The invitation came when Lavaie visited the energy
ministry and other ministries on Wednesday, the source
added.

Iraq expressed hope recently that the Korean Govern-
ment will send a cabinet minister-level official to the
Baghdad International Fair to be held in November, the
sources said.

The Iranian official was quoted as sayirg that his gov-
ernment will arrange an opportunity to explain tie
nation’s post-war reconstruction plan to the Korean side
when one or more Korean Government ministers visit
the fair in Tehran, the sources said.

The requests by the two war-torn countries are an
apparent result of their desire to induce Korea's technol-
ogy, Manpower and capital for their reconstruction
projects, the sources said.

Iran and Iraq are known to have conveyed their inten-
tion to invite the Korean ministers of energy, construc-
tion and trade and industry, the source said.

The Iran and Iraq Governments intend to arrange a
meeting with the Korean energy minister to discuss a
possible expansion of Korea’s imports of their oil in
connection with their efforts to secure rehabilitation
funds, and the Korean trade and industry minister to
discuss the supply of necessary materials for the recon-
struction projects, the sources said.

The Korean government has yet to determine which
ministers will travel to the two countries, but plans to
send working-level officials in advance before deciding
the matter, the sources said.

Meanwhile, another government source said there 1s a
very good possibility that Energy Minister Y1 Pong-so
will go to Iran in September and Trade and Industry
Minister An Pyong-hwa to Iraq in November.

Iran and Iraq plan to carry out reconstruction projects
worth an estimated 80 billion U.S. dollars. Some Korean
business analysts estimate that Korean contractors could
obtain some 20 percent of the total projects, or around
15 bilhon dollars worth.

Government Seeks Article 8 IMF Status
SK2108011788 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
21 Aug 88 p6

[Text] The government has decided to join member
countries in article eight of the International Monetary
Fund (IMF) within the year as a first step in the
liberalization of foreign exchange transactions, sources
at the Finance Ministry said yesterday.

21

NORTHEAST ASIA

With the acquisition of article-eight membership of the
powerful watchdog on the movement of global curren-
cies, the sources said, the government also seeks a
large-scale cutback on the current concentrated exchange
rate system from next year.

At present, the nation is a member in the article of the
IMF which allows restrictions on foreign exchange trans-
actions aS a means to avoid deficits in the current
account.

As the government plans to liberalize foreign exchange
transactions in the early 1990s, the recognition of IMF's
article eight will quicken the plan.

The sources said that the government has decided to
acquire a membership in article eight of the international
monetary watchdog before the end of this year in con-
sideration of te continuing current account surplus
since 1986.

Current, 62 of the 151 member countries of the IMF
abide by article eight.

When the nation recognizes article eight, the won will be
subject to inter-changeability as an international cur-
rency.

The nation will also be prohibited from adopting a dual
exchange rate system which allows separate rates differ-
ent from the official rate.

On the other hand, countries which abide by article | 4 of
the IMF, mostly developing countries suffering current
account deficits, are provisionally permitted to contro!
the flow of foreign exchange.

It had been generally expected that the government
would soon file an application to attain article eight
Status with the IMF.

As a result, the flow of foreign exchange will be almost
deregulated early next year.

Daily Assails Suppression of Student Talks
SK2008024888 Seoul HANGYORE SINMUN
in j.orea 17 Aug 88 p 4

[Editorial: “How Long Will ‘Reunification’ Be Kicked
Around—There 1s Only One Road for the Government
and Students to Take’’}

[Text] We are so ashamed of ourselves that we are afraid
to look up at the skies. The very day we marked the 43d
anniversary of our liberation from the brutal coijonial
rule of the Japanese imperialists, approximately 5,000
people from across the country, including students from
over 130 universities, off-stage personages, and citizen-
observers held a meeting on the campus of Yonsei
University to inaugurate a march to attend the North-
South student talks. As their plan for the 10 June

F BIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

North-South student talks were thwarted with tear gas
and mercilessly trampled under military boots, these
people were now determined to make their second
attempt on 15 August a success at any cost. The resolve
of these peopl represents the unanimous desire of the
majority of the people who want to make the 44th
anniversary of national civision the first year of an era of
reunification. This undertaking of national proportions
is so solemn and noble that it strikes a responsive chord
even in the hearts of those who have not seen it with
their eves.

When the chairman of the National Federation of Uni-
versity Student Representatives wrapped large national
flags around the 12-member student delegation and
embraced the leader of the delegation after handing him
earth and stones brought from Paengnoktam, the crater
on top of Mt Halla, wrapped in a white cloth, the
participants in the meeting could hardly control them-
selves and they all wept. Members of the delegation, after
writing “Reunification of the Country” with their blood,
put on their waists a white sash and left for Panmunjom,
where their fellow youths were waiting for them. Even
before they could advance a mere 50 meters, they were
showered with tear gas and beaten up by a group of
policemen nicknamed “White Skeleton.” Look at the
political thugs who kicked the young men who tied
themselves with a white cloth as if to symbolize the bitter
griet of national division! Why would anyone want to
beat up the young men who neither offered resistance
nor attempted to escape while carrying out their “march

toward reunification”?

Almost at the same time, President No 1ae-u proposed
to “North Korea’s President Kim Il-song a meeting for
talks at an earliest possible date in order to substantially
promote national unity, according to the desire of the 60
million fellow countrymen,” in his speech at a ceremony
held at the Independence Hall located in Chonwon
County, South Chungchong Province, marking the ann-
versary of national liberation. As he explained in his 7
July declaration and as was repeated again in his speech
on this day, the northern part of the Korean peninsula ts
no longer a puppet. Rather, it 1s a party to “unity.” By
officially using the title of president in referring to Kim
Il-song, President No has recognized the political force
that does exist in North Korea as a regime. This is an
expression of the two-state-and-one-people perception.
The students and off-stage movement organizations seek
to meet face to face and talk with their fellow country-
men with whom they have been separated for so long,
before anything else, to join these two states together
again as one. Although the ruling forces have monopo-
lized debates on reunification over the past 40 years,
nothing has been achieved to do with reunification, and
more often the reunification question was put to bad use
by those seeking to secure their stay in power. Asa result
the people sought to untangle the tangled reunification
question on their own. If President No, who represents
his government, genuinely hopes for reunification, the
road he will have to take toward this end is not different

NORTHEAST ASIA

from the one chosen by the students. The government
should immediately discontinue kicking “reunification”
around, which makes us blush with shame at the thought
of foreigners seeing the kicking. What meaning will the
Olympics have, :f they are hosted 1a a manner that looks
good only in appearance amid the raging barbarous
antihistory acts as such?

No Renews Call for ‘Perfect Security’
§K2408003388 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
24 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] President No Tae-u yesterday renewed a call for
“perfect security” for all participants in the Seoul Olym-
pics, Si.essing that the success or failure of the sports
event will rest with the security during the Games.

He gave the directive after receiving a briefing on the
preparation of airtight security for the Olympics from
Home Minister Yi Chun-ku, Defense Minister O Cha-
pok, Sports Minister Cho Sang-ho, Seoul Olympic Orga-
nizing Committee (SLOOC) president Pak Se-chik, and
Seoul mayor Kim Yong-nae at Chongwadae.

President No voiced his satisfaction with the close
cooperation against terrorism between Korea and
friendly nations, including the United States, according
to presidential spokesman Y: Su-chong.

No thanked security-related personnel for their devoted
efforts, calling for their beefed-up vigilant posture “until
the moment the Olympic flame 1s put out.”

Pointing out that a great deal of elements are exposed to
terrorism, including ships from Communist countries
and foodstuffs, No accented that a water-tight security
cannot be possible without participation and coopera-
uon of all people.

“It 1s most important that the people have a sense of
participation in the Olympics in a consensus that they
will make the Seoul Olympics a success,” No said.

Kim Tae-chung, Kim Yong-sam To Talk With No
SK 2408004388 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
24 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] Exclusive talks between President No Tae-u and
opposition leaders Kim Tae-chung and K:m Yong-sam
will be held upon their return to Seoul as the two Kims
are ready to accept No’s proposals.

In Manila, spokesman Yi Sang-su of the Party for Peace
and Democracy told reporters that Kim Tae-chung would
accept the proposal though he has not yet received 11.

In the first exclusive talk, if arranged, the PPD president
will urge No to refresh his will to eradicate the authori-
tarian legacy of the previous Chon Tu-hwan government
and pursue democracy, Y1 said.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Kim 1s likely to renew demands for the release of
political prsoners and fact-finding about the bloody
military suppression of popular uprisings in Kwangju in
May 1980.

In Tokyo, Kim Yong-sam said that he also feels it
necessary to talk with No, when asked whether he would
accept a dialogue offer.

Talking points will be cooperation between the rival
parties for a successful Olympic Games, the post-
Olympic political situation and the government's
enhanced efforts to improve the legal status of Korean
residents in Japan.

He is further to ask the President to help realize his
ambitious idea, put forward in Japan, for the formation
of a parliamentary committee with members from six
Northeast Asian countries, he said.

Kim Tae-chung and Kim Yong-sam arrived in Seoul
yesterday evening, winding up a four-day and a six-day
visit to the Philippines and Japan, respectively.

No began a series of exclusive talks with opposition
leaders with a luncheon meeting with Kim Chong-pii,
president of the third opposition new Democratic
Republican Party Monday.

He and Kim Chong-pil discussed wide-ranging issues
including a political truce during the Olympic period.

Formal proposals for the talks with the other two Kims
will be made upon their home coming, Chongwadae
officials said earlier.

Kim Tae-chung Wants Meeting
SK24U8015988 Seoul YONHAP in English
0117 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 24 (YONHAP)}—Opposition leader
Kim Tae-chung said Tuesday that he will positively
consider meeting with President No Tae-u if such a
meeting is proposed.

I have not yet received any offer from President No
Tae-u for an individual meeting with him. However, as
for me, I intend to positively consider accepting such a
proposal because a meeting with No is seen as beneficial
at the moment, Kim said.

Kim, president of the No. One opposition Party for
Peace and Democracy (PPD), made the remarks at
Seoul's Kimpo International Airport upon his return
from a five-day visit to the hilippines.

NORTHEAST ASIA

N_ plans to discuss overall political matters soon in
separate meetings with Kim and another opposition
leader, Kim Yong-sam, president of the No. Two oppo-
sition Reunification Democratic Party (RDP), following
a meeting Monday with Kim Chong-pil, president of the
No. Three opposition New Democratic Republican
Party (NDRP).

Kim Yong-sam also responded positively to the idea of
an individual meeting with President No, saying, I am
going to accept any such offer at any moment, adding
that I will exchange views at the meeting with the
president on diplomatic matters such as the idea of
establishing a council of lawmakers of six Northeast
Asian nations which I proposed in Japan.

Concerning an interim evaluation of No’s government
which No promised during his presidential campaign
last year to conduct sometime after the Seoul Olympics,
Kim Yong-sam said, the president should keep his
promise. However, ' will not utilize the test as an
opportunity to overthrow the government.

Kim's remarks came during a news conference when he
arrived at Kimpo Airport after a seven-day visit to
Japan.

Kim Tae-chung, referring to the stalemated inter-Korean
parliamentary talks, said, it is regrettable that the ongo-
ing talks have made no progress. And individual contacts
between the chiefs of the South and North delegations
seem to be undesirable.

He added that he had no idea how the talks could result
in a meeting of the two delegations’ chiefs.

Kim also said it is desirable for the four South Korean
party leaders to meet and discuss steps to promote the
stalemated inter-Korean parliamentary talks.

Dates Proposed for Talks
SK2408075588 Seoul YONHAP in English
0750 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 24 (YONHAP)—President No Tae-u
will hold separate luncheon meetings with opposition
leaders Kim Tae-chung and Kim Yong-sam to discuss
overall state affairs, a political source said Wednesday.

No’s meeting with Kim Tae-chung, president of the No.
One opposition Party for Peace and Democracy (PPD),
will be held in the presidential residence on Aug. 31. The
president is expected to meet with Kim Yong-sam,
president of the No. Two opposition Reunification
Democratic Party, around Friday, the source said.

No met with Kim Chong-pil, president of the No. Three
opposition New Democratic Republican Party
(NDRP), on Monday, and discussed such issues as
political stability during the Seoul Olympic games and
national reunification.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Asked about the possibility of No inviting him tor
separate talks, Kim Yong-sam said he will accept the
invitation at any time, if President No proposes such a
meeting as part of the separate meetings with the heads
of the three opposition pares

In the meeting, | will take up such issues as ways to
vitalize Seoul's northward diplomatic policy and torm-
ing a consultative committee for parliamentarians of 51x
nations—South and North Korea, the United States,
Japan, China and the Soviet Union Kim said.

Kim Tae-chung said he will positively consider the
projected meeting. | think such a meeting will be useful,
Kim added

Assets of Opposition Leaders Draw Interest
SK 198231688 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English

5

20 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] The “Two Kims’—Kim Tae-chung and Kim
Yong-sam—oftfered themselves up to gossip around
political circles this week by suddenly making public a
list of their personal property, worth far less than had
been widely speculated

Kim Tae-chung registered a list of his assets totaling
around 340 million won (about $500,000) at the
National Assembly secretariat. Kim Yong-sam followed
Suit, putting his property at 470 million won (about
$ 700,900).

Their voluntary revelation was apparently aimed at put-
ting the lid on milling speculation about their wealth and
to counter the continuing threats from the ruling camp to
expose their “financial scandals” in the Assembly

Contrary to their hope, the revelation further spawned
speculation, leading tlie general public to concur with the
ruling camp's assertion that the two Kims were lying
about the scale of their personal wealth

The government party claimed that it has secured seven
items of evidence to prove that the two Kims misused
part of political tunds for their personal gain, not for the
Party's operational expenses or campaigning for the
elections

The ruling party says Kim Yong-sam spent most of the
political funds, which he personally collected from par-
hamentanan candidates and general supporters, in run-
ning tne party and assisting hopeful candidates in the
past legislative election

But the ruling camp alleges that Kim Tae-chung
“monopolized” the enormous funds which he collected
from individual supporters through on-line bank

accounts, as well as from the aspirants for Assembly
seats

NORTHEAST ASIA

The governing camp insists it also has evidence that the
two Kims invested political funds in stocks and real
estate amounting to more than 10 billion won. It says it
is only natural to investigate scandals involving two
opposition leaders when the opposition seeks to probe
the irregulanties of the Chon Tu-hwan administration.

Most of Kim's personal assets were obtained in the
1960s and they were laid bare to the press after calculat-
ing their value according to the present prevailing mar-
ket price, according to an aide to Kim.

Kim Tae-chung’s house in the Tonggyo-dong 1s co-
owned by him and his first son Hong-il. The main house
of 80-pyong (one pyong equals 3.3 square meters) over
consists of one-floor Korean-style living room and one
private library for Kim. The main house is registered in
the name of Hong-il.

There 1s also a two-story building detached from the
main house. It 1s owned by Kim Tae-chung and 1s being
used for an office and parking lots.

The Tonggyo-dong house was renovated after Kim
returned home in 1985 from his self-exile in the United
States. The Tonggyo-dong house 1s valued at 250 million
won in terms of market price but it 1s registered in an
official document for only 108 million won.

Kim's wife Yi Hui-ho personally owns a 1 30-pyong lot
(market pnce: 130 million won) in Youngdungpo, and
2,000-pyong lot (market pnce: 60 million won) in Hwa-
song, Kyonggi-do. All the land was purchased in 1968
when Kim was a lawmaker.

Kim Yong-sam and his wife Son Myong-sun reported to
the National Assembly secretanat that their personal
assets total 470 million won but his aides said that Kim
and his sons and daughters have a combined personal
asset totalling 800 million won.

Kim strongly denied the milling rumors that he secretly
has a luxurious house in Hannam-dong. Kim himself
said it 1s ether a total rumor or black propaganda.

Kim Yong-sam said he 1s very proud that he possesses
only a modest home and about 10 million won in cash
although he has been in politics for more than 40 years.

Administration Refuses Assembly Data Request
SK 2208008888 Seoul YONHAP in English
OOS2 GMT 22 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 22 (YONHAP} ~The government has
decided to reyect National Assembly requests calling for
it to submit to parliament reports concerning alleged
scandals during the government of former President
Chon Tu-hwan including a record of Chon’'s personal
assets, a ruling party official said Monday

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

The decision followed requests by the assembly special
panels probing the 1980 Kwangju civil uprising and
alleged corruption during Chon’s seven-year rule. The
government notified the ruling Democratic Justice Party
of the decision.

The government refused to submit 38 items including
reports or records, mostly concerning Chon and his
relatives. Among the items were Chon’s personal prop-
erty records, details on the financial sources of two
billion won (2.8 million U.S. dollars) which Chon fun-
neled to the controversial Ilhae Foundation set up in his
honor during his presidency.

The government said it could not turn over such mate-
rials to the National Assembly because the information
concerns personal matters and private enterprises’ cor-
porate secrets and such an action would violate their
legal right to privacy, the official said.

The materials also include financia! sources and other
details of acquisitions by Chon’s father-in-law, Yi Kyu-
tong, the personal history of Chon’s elder brother, Chon
Ki-hwan, and records on the personal assets of Chon’s 26
relatives.

The government move is expected to cause a new dispute
between the ruling and opposition parties whose rela-
tions have already been embroiled in controversy over
the investigative activities into the alleged corruption
during Chon’s administration.

The opposition parties have vowed to subpoena Chon to
testify before the special panels on his alleged irregular-
ities and his role in suppressing the Kwangju uprising.
The ruling party has strongly opposed such a move
saying that subpoenaing Chon would be out of step with
protocol.

Further on Decision
SK2108001788 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
21 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] The administration has decided not to comply
with the Assembly’s request for a number of items of
official data necessary for the parliamentary investiga-
tion of “irregularities in the Fifth Republic,” it was
learned yesterday.

In particular, the administration would not provide the
House special committee probing misdeeds in the past
government with any material concerning former presi-
dent Chon Tu-hwan’s donation of 2,050 million won to
the Ilhae Foundation.

How Chon raised the money for the establishment of the
research organization, whicli was originally intended to
be personally managed by Chon, is one of the main
subjects of the committee's probe.

NORTHEAST ASIA

The foundation has assets of over 30 billion won,
donated voluntarily or involuntarily by major business
firms, another subject of probe by the special committee.

In principle,the government will not release any data
which belongs to the categories of purely personal mat-
ters, private business aff2irs and individual performance
records of public servants.

The decision will soon be officially delivered to the
Assembly, an administration source said yesterday.

“There can be no argument that the administration
should faithfully comply with the Assembly’s request for
material. Yet, we have to be cautious in establishing a
precedent in this affair as there has been no such practice
to date,”’ the source said.

“It will be simply absurd if the state has to investigate
purely private affairs of individuals and companies and
report the result to the Assembly. Besides, the request for
such an errand as the submission of family register
copies is definitely unreasonable,” the source said.

Among the data the administration will not supply to the
Assembly is a table comparing ex-president Chon’s pri-
vate property at the time of his inauguration and that at
the time of his retirement.

Others include the personal data of Chon Ki-kwan, older
brother of the ex-president and a chronological report on
his activities during the Fifth Republic days.

The Assembly special committee had also asked the
administration to submit to it registration copies of the
land housing the tombs of the ex-president’s parents and
a report on the transactions by Yi Kyu-tong, father-in-
law of the ex-president, for the acquisition of a farm in
Kyonggi-do.

It had further demanded copies of the family registration
documents of 27 members of the Chon clan and data on
their overseas travel during the past eight years. All of
which material will not be supplied to the Assembly.

Besides, the administration will not comply with the
committee’s request for the full documentation of the
screening for promotion of all senior police officials of
the rank of superintendent or ?ove.

Chon Probe Panel Outlines Inspection Plans
SK2408045488 Seoul YONHAP in English
0418 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 24 (YONHAP)}—Members of a
National Assembly special panel probing alleged finan-
cial scandals during the government of former President
Chon Tu-hwan will inspect on Wednesday the contro-
versial IIhae Foundation set up by Chon.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

The opposition-controlled ad hoc committee also
decided to conduct an on-site inspection next Monday of
Chongnamdae, a presidential summer retreat located
near Daechong Lake in central Korea. The opposition
claims that Chongnamda? is an extravagant facility.

The panel agreed during a plenary session to the on-site
probes of the two facilities after heated debate between
the panel’s ruling party members and those of the
Opposition parties over procedures for the inspection.

The opposition panel members, noting that military
guards blocked their entry to Chongnamdae on Aug. | 2,
demanded that the government apologize for the guards’
action before the panel set a time for the inspection.

After lengthy debate, the panel agreed to hear reports
from government officials on the retreat before launch-
ing the on-site probe.

The presidential retreat has emerged as a focal point,
along with Ilhae, of alleged irregularities subject to the
panel’s investigation.

The Ilhae Foundation, originally named after the former
President’s pen name, was renamed the Sejong Institute
after Chon stepped down as president.

Ilhae, located in Songnam City near Seoul, was set up
during Chon’s Presidency with funds totaling about 70
million dollars, including 2.7 million dollars contributed
by Chon himself.

The opposition has claimed that the funds were raised
illegally and that the former president tried to use part of
the foundation’s facilities as his personal office and
private residence after he retired from the Presidency.
The administration of President No Tae-u has neither
confirmed nor denied the opposition’s allegation.

Meanwhile, nearly two weeks have passed since military
guards prevented the panel members from gaining access
to Chongnamdae on Aug. 12.

The government has said that security reasons prevented
it from accepting the panel’s request to inspect the
retreat because Chongnamdae is not merely a summer
retreat but the official facility often used by the president
during his summer vacation.

The opposition, however, criticized the government
action as a head-on challenge to the people's will to
eradicate the legacy of alleged irregularities during
Chon’s Presidency.

Political tensions have already been building between
the ruling party and the three opposition parties over
probing the 1980 Kwangju civil uprising and alleged
corruption during Chon’s Presidency.

NORTHEAST ASIA

The rival parties appeared to have reached a tacit
agreement on a political truce to take effect before and
during the Seoul Olympics, slated for Sept. 17-Oct. 2.

The parties’ move followed mounting public pressure
calling on them to refrain from marring the games by
engaging in excessive controversy Over political issues.

The opposition camp, however, has yet to clarify its
stance on the political truce, only saying that the inves-
tigative activities into the alleged irregularities should
not be halted as long as they do not disrupt the games’
success.

Panel To Visit Ilhae Institute
SK2408011988 Seoul THE KOREA HERALD
in English 24 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] The parliamentary special committee on the Fifth
Republic scandals plans to visit the Ilhae Foundation
today to investigate irregularities and scandals surround-
ing the foundation located in Songnam, Kyonggi-do.

In a meeting yesterday, the panel had a heated debate on
who masterminded the so called cover-up of the presi-
dential facilities in the Chollanam-do governor's resi-
dence in Kwangju.

Panelists from the opposition parties called for punish-
ment against Chollanam-do Gov. Mun Chang-su and
others involved i» the controversy.

Before the panel’s probe team visited the governor's
official residence on Aug. 11, the President’s exclusive
facilities at the residence, including luxurious furniture,
folding screens and television sets, were replaced with
moderate ones, the opposition panelists charged.

They insisted that the replacement of luxurious facilities
was made on orders from the government’s higher rank-
ing apparatus.

But panelists belonging to the ruling Democratic Justice
Party said the replacement resulted from a mistake by a
low-level civil servant who tried to clean the governor's
residence before the parliamentary probe team arrived.

The opposition panelists, however, said they cannot
believe the official in the Chollanam-do provincial office
alone decided to move the furniture and other presiden-
tial facilities some 200m away just to clean the residence.

Under the law on testimony and appraisal at the
National Assembly, anyone who hinders the Assembly
investigation or testimony is subject to up to one year of
imprisonment or a fine of up to 5,000,000 won.

Meanwhile, the ad hoc panel decided to resume investi-
gation of Chongnamdae, the presidential summer villa
near Chongju, Chungchongpuk-do.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

On Aug. 12, the panel’s probe team was to visit Chon-
gnamdae, but was blocked at the entrance of the villa by
security guards, only to return to Seoul.

The panel plans to visit Chongnamdae again Monday,
after hearing the government's explanation about the
Aug. 12 refusal of the panel's investigation.

In addition, the panel condemned the government for
refusing to hand in 38 materials the panel asked for in
regard to the property of former President Chon Tu-
hwan and other issues.

Opposition panelists called for punishment against the
government officials involved according to the law on
testimony and appraisal at the Assembly.

Imprisonment Sought for Chon Kyong-hwan
SK2208 124088 Seoul YONHAP in English
1200 GMT 22 Aug 88

[Text] Seoul, Aug. 22 (YONHAP)—The Seoul prosecu-
tion demanded 15 years’ imprisonment and a penalty of
about 4.84 million U.S. dollars for Chon Kyong-hwan,
the younger brother of former President Chon Tu-hwan.

In the fifth court session for Chon, 46, at the Seoul
District Criminal Court, the prosecution said the irreg-
ularities by Chon and the Saemaul Undong (new village
movement) headquarters provoked the people’s wrath
more than any other case in the past.

Chon, ex-chancellor of the headquarters, was arrested
145 days ago on charges of eight crimes, including
dereliction of duty and embezzlement.

Chon, abusing his position as a younger brother of the
president, embezzled a large amount of public funds,
raised by the people’s donations and taxes, and amassed
a fortune, prosecutor Yi Myong-chae said in calling for
Chon’s sentencing.

The crimes by Chon and his followers were monstrous
and reckless in their disregard of the law, Yi said.
Irrespective of rank, those who committed crimes should
be punished, and that is the ideal of the Sixth Republic.

During the past court sessions, Chon denied charges of
influence-peddling and accepting bribes, even though he
said he received 200 million won (about 276,000 dollars)
from private companies.

The accused showed no signs of repentance, and denied
having committed the crimes, Yi added. Nothing can
lessen his guilt.

NORTHEAST ASIA

Assemblyman Threatens Indictment of Officials
SK2108001388 Seoul THE KOREA HERALD
in English 21 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] A parliamentary investigative committee yester-
day dispatched a four-member delegation to the official
residence of the governor of Chollanam-do in Kwangju
to probe the reported cover-up of ex-President Chon’s
facilities in the residence.

When the reported cover-up proves true, the opposition
parties will indict those relevant officials, said Rep. Yi
Ki-taek, chairman of the National Asssembly special
committee probing irregularities of the Fifth Republic.

It was reported that exclusive presidential facilities in
the governor's residence, including luxurious furniture,
pictures and folding screens, were replaced with ‘“‘mod-
erate’ things before the Assembly investigative panel
members visited the residence on Aug. | 1.

After a meeting with the panel’s -ice chairmen, Yi said
the panel will also demand punisament against Minister
of Home Affairs Yi Chun-ku and Mun Chang-su, gover-
nor of Chollanam-do if the report turns out to be true.

The panel chairman also said his special committee will
call for an explanation and apology from those responsible
for managing Chongnamdae, or the presidential summer
villa near Chongju, Chungchongpuk-do, for hindering the
ad hoc panel’s probe of the villa on Aug. 12.

Under the law governing testimony and appraisal in the
Assembly, anyone who hinders the parliamentary inves-
tigation is subject to imprisonment of up to one year or
a fine up to 5 million won.

Chon’s Wife Intends To Stay at ‘Saesaedae’
SK2408003188 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
24 Aug 88 p 3

[Text] Former first lady Yi Sun-cha has bared her
intention to hold on to her position as chairman of the
““Saesaedae”’’ Foundation until the time when her name
is cleared of all smears.

In a recent meeting with about 130 members of the
non-profit organization she leads, she reportedly said she
could not sleep soundly these days because of the “unde-
serving” criticism levelled against her.

Violently reacting to public criticism, she said she had
tried to perform her duty as the First lady quietly
without making a show of it.

No sooner had her husband left Chongwadae than all
kinds of criticism broke forth, she said, adding that she is
being driven into a corner by the ruling of the masses.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

She said that she regretted having worked “silently”
without rattling along drumming and trumpeting, now
that things have developed this way.

In answer to questions by the Saesaedae members, the
former first lady continued to refer to her husband as the
President.

As for the trial of her brother-in-law, Chong Kyong-
hwan, she said he found himself incapacitated by a web
of laws as he is all thumbs when it comes to accounting.

She said he is too humane, indicating she felt he is
gullible, according to members of the non-profit organi-
zation who took part in the gathering.

They said the former first lady was very excited throughout
the 70-minute session, spending almost half of the time
talking about her recent life after leaving Chongwadae.

The main business line of Saesaedae is to help children
suffering heart problems. The organization is under a
barrage of criticism for having “forced” donations out of
businessmen.

Choe Willing To Meet Assembly Panel Leaders
SK 2408004588 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES
in English 24 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] Former president Choe Kyu-ha has expressed his
willingness to meet assistant chairmen of the National
Assembiy special panel investigating the 1980 Kwangju
uprising with regard to his testimony at the committee.

In a letter to committee chairman Mun Tong-hwan
Monday, Choe, who was in the presidency during the
political tumults in 1980, attached a string that he will
meet them only when the four assistant chairmen, rep-
resenting major political parties, visit him.

The opposition camp has earlier decided to demand
testimonies of Choe in connection with the tragic
Kwangju uprising, in which official statistics said 191
people died.

The four assistant chairmen yesterday discussed if they
would hear Choe’s testimony at the plenary session of
the panel scheduled on Aug. 28.

Media’s Support During Student Talks Welcomed
SK 1908231088 Seoul THE KOREA HERALD
in English 20 Aug 88 p 2

[From the “Out and About” column: “Helpful media’’]
[Text] Prime Minister Yi Hyon-chae lauded the mass

media for their support concerning the proposed south-
north student talks.

NORTHEAST ASIA

During a cabinet meeting Thursday, Yi said the mass
media seemed to fully understand the government’s
position and have educated the public on the issue.

“This indicates that they have expectations for the
government. Government officials have to work harder
to meet such expectations,” he said.

The prime minister said the positive attitude of the press
is one of the five new phenomena witnessed recently,
which were not observed during student demonstrations
last year.

The others are the decreased use of tear gas and
increased number of injured rot policemen, the cool
reaction of citizens, the changed attitudes of politicians
and the emergence of public consensus that contacts
between south and north Korea be limited to the
government.

Students Set Up League Against Radicalism
SK2308015988 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
23 Aug 88 p 3

[Text] A Students’ League for Liberal Democracy has
been inaugurated on the campus of Tongsong Boys’ High
School in Seoul for the achievement of unification based
on free democracy.

Participated in by about 300 students from 72 universi-
ties across the nation on Saturday, promoters of the
league assailed recent student activities arguing that they
were tainted by the ideology of revolution through
violence.

Under the specious slogan of freedom and democracy,
the nation’s students are being made a tool of revolution
by a segment of radical students, they argued.

With regard to the issue of national unification, the
league made the point that it cannot be monopolized by
any strata of society since the life and death of the nation
hinges on it.

The league went on to say in a statement that the grave
issue can be properly solved only on the basis of national
consensus.

Then the statement said national unification is an ideal
that can be made feasible only after a genuine free
democratic rule is established in both parts of the
divided peninsula.

Yi Tong-uk, 28, a junior in the physics department of
Sogang University, who is the chairman of the league
said that a total of 1,700 students had joined the league
from 72 universities, wishing to make it clear that no
political and religious organizations are behind the
league.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Korean-Americans Deported for Street Rallies
SK2408003788 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
24 Aug 88 p 3

[Text] Two Korean-Americans were ousted last week
after police arrested them for their political activities
here, the Justice Ministry reported yesterday.

The Justice Ministry deported Yi Hui-yong, 31, and Y1
Sang-yon, 2°, both members of the U.S.-based Korean
Youth Association, on a Korean Air flight to the United

States Thursday, last week.

They were booked for having participated in street rallies
initiated by activist students in South Korea.

Counterfeit U.S. Dollars Circulating
SK 1908231288 Seoul THE KOREA TIMES in English
20 Aug 88 p 3

[Text] A large number of fake dollars have been found
circulating in the nation in recent months amid the
arrival of a growing number of foreigners in connection
with the Seoul Olympics, it was learned yesterday.

According to the police, the production of the counterfeit
dollars is so careful that it is difficult to tell the fake from
real ones.

29

NORTHEAST ASIA

In connection with the circulation of the funny money,
the police are working out special measures to check the
in-flow of dollars and other foreign currencies as well as
traveller’s check.

The police already distributed some 120,000 leaflets
explaining how to tell fake foreign bank notes from real
Ones to major tourist hotels, department stores and
souvenir shops.

The fake foreign currency is presumed to have made its
way into the nation in the hands of foreign tourists or
members of foreign criminal organizations.

Most of the counterfeit currency is reported to have been
found at major hotels or shops in Itaewon which have
large numbers of foreign visitors.

Police also suspect that all the faked foreign currency in
circulation was printed by foreign criminal organiza-
tions, judging from the exquisite production.

According to the Korea Exchange Bank, 54 cases of
faked U.S. bills involving some $5,000 were detected as
of the end of June this year.

The number of cases this year represents a rise of 80
percent compared to the 38 cases registered in the
corresponding period of last year, it said.

Besides these, seven other cases of fake dollar bills were
reported to the police during the first half of this year.
Police said that the actual number of counterfeit dollar
cases would be far higher than official statistics.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Burma

Demonstrations Continue Throughout Country

Details of Moulmein Shooting
BK 2308162888 Hong Kong AFP in English 1602 GMT
22 Aug 88

[Text] Rangoon, Aug 23 (AFP)}—Security forces opened
fire on demonstrators in the southern town of Moul-
mein, state-run Radio Rangoon said here Tuesday.

The radio said security forces opened fired late Monday
as they were being attacked by demonstrators aboard
four trucks.

The demonstrators later reacted by stealing weapons
from customs agents and pushing a customs van into
water, the radio said, without elaborating.

It did not say if there were any casualties in the incident.

Unofficial sources contacted in Moulmein, 120 kilome-
tres (74 miles) southeast of Rangoon, said the shooting
left 31 people dead and 80 wounded. The report could
not be confirmed.

The sources said hundreds of demonstrators reacted to
the shooting by setting fire to government buildings and
the homes of local officials.

They said some 20 demonstrators had occupied Kyaik-
lote Pagoda in Moulmein since protests began in early
August, using it as a base for their protests for an end to
single-party rule in Burma.

Local officials convinced them to leave on August 17 by
telling them that a parliamentary meeting in Rangoon
two days later would answer their demands, the sources
said.

But Attorney General Maung Maung, appointed new
state president and party leader Friday, defended the
single-party system in his acceptance speech.

The demonstrators in Moulmein tried to get back into
the pagoda on Saturday and Sunday but were blocked by
Army troops, the sources said.

Crowds began to gather at the base of the pagoda, which
is on a hill, and began to threaten the soldiers, they said.

Tension continued to mount until Monday night, when
troops opened fire.

The sources said they fired on the order of a junior
officer, without receiving orders from the military com-
mander of the Southeast Command, Brigadier General
Nyan Lin.

SOUTHEAST ASIA 30

The clash was the first official mention of violence in
mass anti-government demonstrations againsi new Bur-
mese leader Maung Maung which began Monday in
several cities along with a general strike in Rangoon.

A harsh crackdown on nationwide demonstrations from
August 8 to August 12 left more than 1,000 people dead,
according to diplomats here.

The protests forced the resignation of hardliner Sein
Lwin who had succeeded General Ne Win, Burma’s
authoritarian ruler for 26 years, at the end of July.

Over 100,000 Demonstrate in Rangoon
BK2308134888 Hong Kong AFP in English 1330 GMT
23 Aug 88

[Excerpts] Rangoon, Aug 23 (AFP)}—More than 100,000
people took to the streets of Rangoon Tuesday as nation-
wide protests swelled against new Burmese leader Maung
Maung and the 26-year-old authoritarian rule he repre-
sents, eye-witnesses said. [passage omitted]

The demonstrations were peaceful, with groups repre-
senting a broad spectrum of society marching under
banners identifying them as workers, residents of a
particular neighborhood or members of a profession, the
witnesses said.

They estimated that more than 100,000 demonstrators
took part in Tuesday’s rallies and marches.

Reports received from the northern town of Mandalay
said railway workers had joined in the general strike
Tuesday and that there were no trains between Manda-
lay and Rangoon, 600 kms (370 miles) apart.

(The protestors’ demands include a referendum to
change Burma’s single-party rule to a multi-party democ-
racy, abolishing the Burma Socialist Program Party
General Ne Win set up in 1962 and for the Army to
defend the nation instead of the party, Rangoon-based
diplomats reached from Bangkok said.

(The diplomats said they did not see how any govern-
ment could survive such huge waves of popular protest
with one saying: “The message is clear. The people are
demanding change and they are determined to get it.”

(They said the government had told its troops enforcing
martial law in the capital since August 3 not to interfere
as its tactic was to let the demonstrators wear themselves
out.

(But the diplomats said this was also the tactic of the
demonstrators, who seek to disrupt the ailing economy.
They said there were reports of a strike from Monday in
the defense industry and plans for further demonstra-
tions.) [passage omitted]

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

In Rangoon, the demonstrators started to disperse at 5
p.m. (1030 GMT) Tuesday in a day which apparently
passed without incident, witnesses reported. [passage
omitted]

Diplomatic and Burmese analysts said the scene Tues-
day was bigger in scope and dimension than that of
August 8 when the first general strike was called.

The security forces maintained a low profile, witnesses
said, adding that the military guarded important build-
ings including banks and cordoned off city hall but
otherwise gave crowds freedom of movement.

The demonstrators plan to continue Wednesday, the day
a public opinion commission opens to solicit views on
questions relating to politics, the economy, public
administration and general matters, reliable sources
said. [passage omitted]

The daughter of Burmese founding father Aung San,
Aung San Suu Kyi, called Tuesday for another massive
rally Friday in leaflets handed out by demonstrators,
witnesses said.

They said Aung San Suu Kyi had called for a mass rally
to be held Friday morning at the Thein Dyu sports
ground near the Royal Lakes in central Rangoon.

In a lealflet she urged all government employees to join
the rally wearing their departmental uniforms.

(In Bangkok reports were received that former Burmese
Premier U Nu had offered to mediate between students
and the Rangoon government.

(But Rangoon-based diplomats reached from Bangkok
said the anti-government demonstrators had not yet
come up with a leader, despite their mushrooming
numbers.)

Further Report on Rangoon Protest
BK 2308143688 Rangoon Domestic Service in Burmese
1330 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] There were demonstrations and slogan chanting
by crowds in some parts of Rangoon this morning. The
crowds dispersed peacefully in the evening.

Crowds begin to gather around Rangoon General Hos-
pital beginning at 0800 today. Some writers and artists
came and delivered speeches, and the numbers grew to
about 1,000 at about 0900. The crowds, joined by about
100 uniformed doctors and nurses from the Rangoon
General Hospital, left the hospital and marched along
Bogyoke Street and Shwedagon Pagoda and Anawratha
Roads and gathered in front of the U.S. Embassy on
Merchant Street.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Similarly, a crowd of about 200 people headed by about
50 lawyers from the Bar Council left Barr Street at about
0930 and marched toward the U.S. Embassy. They
arrived there at about 1000.

When the two groups merged in front of the U.S.
Embassy on Merchant Street, speeches were delivered.
The strength of the crowds then grew to about 4,000. At
about noon, the mobs marched along the main roads in
the city and their numbers grew to about 10,000, includ-
ing onlookers.

A group of about 1,000 people, with writers and artists
among them, returned to the front of Rangoon General
Hospital at 1400, and the group headed by the lawyers
arrived back at the U.S. Embassy at 1400. At 1530, it is
learned, the crowds gradually dispersed.

There were absolutely no shootings by the security forces
today, and the demonstrators dispersed peacefully by
themselves, it is learned.

‘Some’ Ministries Cooperate
BK240808 1488 Melbourne Overseas Service in English
0800 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] The wave of peaceful antigovernment demonstra-
tions in Burma is continuing today. Diplomats in
Rangoon say crowds thronging the streets are even bigger
than yesterday when they swelled to 100,000. According
to the diplomats, some government ministries had given
permission to civil servants to join the marches while
protest banners hung from the windows of government
offices.

The scenes, evoking a carnival atmosphere, was said to
be reminiscent to the so-called people’s power demon-
strations in Manila which helped to topple President
Marcos.

The diplomats told REUTER News Agency there were
increasing reports of local administrations breaking
down including those in parts of Mandalay, Burma’s
second city; in Pegu, near Rangoon, and in the city of
Tavoy in the south.

Demonstrators Call for Massive Rally
OW2408020588 Tokyo KYODO in English 1149 GMT
24 Aug 88

[Text] Rangoon, Aug. 24 KYODO—Demonstrators,
while appealing for peaceful actions, are calling for a
massive rally of | million people in Rangoon on Friday
to organize an antigovernment unified popular front.

A statement for the popular front will be reportedly read
at the planned rally by the daughter of the late Gen. Aung
San, the founding father of modern Burma.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

On Tuesday, nearly half a million people demonstrated
in the streets of Rangoon, demanding democracy and a
multi-party political system.

The demonstrations were the largest in scale since
strongman Sein Lwin was forced to resign as president
and ruling party chief on August 12, and participants
included students, monks, doctors, lawyers, actors, sing-
ers, and film stars, as well as workers.

Hundreds of thousands of people also staged protests in
Mandalay and other major cities nationwide on Tues-
day, informed sources said.

All of the antigovernment protests were staged peace-
fully and there were no reports of armed clashes or other
major violence.

Many shops in the heart of Rangoon were shut and
shopowners reportedly joined the demonstrators,
according to informed sources. Also many government
officials reportedly participated in the actions, virtually
paralyzing functions at government offices, the sources
said.

The number of soldiers deployed on streets decreased
drastically, they said.

State-run Radio Rangoon also reported the activities of
the street demonstrators.

The government under new leader Maung Maung has
decided that sawmills, nationalized after 1962, would be
returned to their original owners, the radio reported
Tuesday night.

Timber is one of Burma’s biggest indstries.

The action followed a similar government move last
week to return six nationalized newspapers to their
former owners in a series of reforms aimed at encourag-
ing greater private enterprise.

The radio also reported that 100 detainees, including 18
women, were released on Tuesday.

Thousands Demonstrate in Rangoon
BK 2408052388 Hong Kong AFP in English 0459 GMT
24 Aug 88

[Text] Bangkok, Aug 24 (AFP)}—Tens of thousands of
people took to the streets of Rangoon Wednesday on the
third day of mass demonstrations for a change to dem-
ocratic government and against new Burmese leader
Maung Maung, Rangoon-based diplomats said.

A large crowd of protestors gathered outside Envoy Hall,
where a public opinion commission opened its doors
Wednesday to solicit opinion about changing the South-
east Asian nation’s single-party rule to a multi-party
democracy.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

The demonstrators scorn the commission as too weak a
response to their demands for a national referendum on
whether to abandon the single-party rule of the Burma
Socialist Program Party (BSPP).

The BSPP was founded by General Ne Win in 1962
after he overthrew Burma’s last democratically elected
government.

The diplomats, reached from Bangkok, reported no
violent incidents Wedneday.

They said the turnout this morning was the largest this
early in the day since the lastest wave of protests began
Monday.

More than 100,000 demonstrated in Rangoon Tuesday,
eyewitnesses said, as nationwide protests swelled against
Maung Maung and the 26-year-old authoritarian rule he
represents.

The demonstrations were peaceful, rallying movie stars,
professionals and Buddhist monks in groups marching
under banners identifying them as workers, residents of
neighborhoods or members of a profession, the witnesses
said.

The protestors seek to change socialist Burma’s single-
party rule to a multi-party democracy, abolish the BSPP
and want the Army to defend the nation instead of the
party, Rangoon-based diplomats said.

They said the government had told its 20,000 to 30,000
crack troops enforcing martial law in the capital since
August 3 not to interfere, in a tactic apparently aimed at
letting the demonstrators wear themselves out.

But the diplomats said the demonstrators, who seek to
disrupt the already ailing economy, appeared
undaunted.

They said there were reports of a strike that started
Monday in the defense industry and plans for further
demonstrations, but these could not be confirmed.

A harsh crackdown on nationwide demonstrations
between August 8 and 12 left more than | ,000 people
dead, according to diplomats, until Burmese leader Sein
Lwin resigned on August 12.

Mr. Sein Lwin ruled for only 17 days as the first
successor to Gen. Ne Win, who resigned on July 23 after
growing discontent with the rigid, isolationist socialism
he set up in a 1962 coup, analysts here said.

Mr. Maung Maung, the first civilian to rule Burma, was
named Friday in a move seen as putting forth a relative
moderate to appease the protestors.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Peaceful Demonstrations Held
OW 2408055688 Tokvo KYODO in English OS25 GMT
24 Aug 88

[Text] Rangoon, Aug. 24 K YODO—More than 200,000
citizens and students held peaceful demonstration
Wednesday morning to oppose Burma’s one party rule
and seek democratization of the country.

Students, monks and ordinary citizens began gathering
in front of the capital’s General Hospital around 7 a.m.
(9:30 a.m. Japan time) [0030 GMT].

The number swelled past 200,000 after 10:30 a.m.

Burmese citizens also reportedly demonstrated in other
cities, such as Mandalay and Moulmein, but there were
no reports of clashes with government troops

Some demonstrators in Rangoon drove cars, urging
citizens to join in the protest action.

Others marched peacefully in the streets of the capital,
chanting “We need only democracy” and “Down with
the one party dictatorship.”

Government troops and security forces watched the
demonstrators, but refrained from taking any action.

On Tuesday, nearly half a million people demonstrated
in Rangoon, demanding democracy and a multi-party
political system.

More Detainees Freed
BK2308144088 Rangoon Domestic Service in Burmese
1330 GMT 23 Aug 88

{Text} Of the people detained in the Rangoon Division
Military Administration Region for security and law and
order reasons since 8 August, 100 more were released at
noon today by the authorities in the presence of people's
councils concerned following pledges by their guardians.

The authorities concerned lectured the detainees before
handing them over to their parents and guardians.

Of the 100 released today, there were 82 male civilians
and 18 female civilians.

Health Minister's Resignation Confirmed
BK2308 163588 Hone Kone AFP in English 1624 GMT
23 Aug 8S

[Text] Rangoon, Aug 23 (AF P}—Burmese Health Min-
ister Tun Way has resigned, state-run newspapers here
said Tuesday [23 August], confirming unofficial reports
last week that he had stepped down

SOUTHEAST ASIA

The newspapers gave no reason for the resignation, but
said it was effective Friday, the day Attorney General
M .ung Maung was iamed state president and ruling
party chairman to replace Sein Lwin, who resigned
August |2 after five days of demonstrations against his
17-day rule

(Reliable sources close to the government contacted
from Bangkok said Saturday Mr. Tun Way resigned in
the wake of a shooting August 10 at Rangoon General
Hospital by soldiers operating under martial law in the
city.

(The Burma Medical Association had issued a statement
Thursday condemning an action in which it said troops
opened fire at the hospital, killing two people and
injuring four medical personnel. Anti-government dem-
onstrators set up a shrine at the hospital to commemo-
rate the victims.

(Rangoon-based diplomats contacted from Bangkok
have said the troops fired August 10 on blood donors
mistaken for anti-government protestors.

(Observers said Mr. Tun Way stepped down because of
growing popular sentiment against the incident. The
hospital has become a center for protest.)

State-run radio said demonstrators attacked ambulances
and troops fired to protect themselves.

Home Minister Min Gaung resigned July 19, taking
responsibility for the deaths of 41 people who suffocated
in a police van during riots in Rangoon in March.

Proclamations Revoke Martial Law 24 August

Revoked in Rangoon Areas
BK240806S888 Rangoon Domestic Service in Burmese
0630 GMT 24 Aug 8&8

(“Proclamation No 9/88 of the State Council of the
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma issued on 24
August 1988—the 12th day of the waxing moon of
Wagaung, | 350 Burmese era—regarding the revoking of
martial law in Rangoon city development areas’’}

[Text] |. The State Council, to cope with the state of
affairs in the townships of the Rangoon city develop-
ment areas, exercised its rights under Article 76A of the
state Constitution to declare a state of emergency and
impose martial law in these areas to safeguard the lives
and property of the people and in the defense and
security of the state and gave the chief of staff the
military administrative powers in the Rangoon city
development areas on 3 August 1988

2. The military administration of townships in Rangoon
city development areas shall be revoked from the time of

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

issuance of this proclamation at | 300 hours [0630 GMT]
24 August 1988.

Signed: Dr Maung Maung, chairman, State Council.

Revoked in Prome Areas
BK2408070488 Rangoon Domestic Service in Burmese
0630 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Proclamation No 8/88 of the State Council of the
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma issued on 24
August 1988—the 12th day of the waxing moon of
Wagaung, 1350 Burmese era—regarding the revoking of
martial law”’]

[Text] 1. The State Council, to cope with the state of
affairs in Pegu Division’s Prome Township, exercised its
rights under Article 76A of the state Constitution to
declare a state of emergency and impose martial law in
Pegu Division’s Prome Township to safeguard the lives
and property of the people and in the defense and
security of the state and gave the chief of staff the
military administrative powers in that township on 22
July 1988.

2. The martial law and the military administrative
powers given to the chief of staff shall be deemed
revoked from the time of issuance of this proclamation
at 1300 hours [0630 GMT] 24 August 1988.

Signed: Dr Maung Maung, chairman, State Council.

Military Administration Order
BK2408072088 Rangoon Domestic Service in Burmese
0630 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] The Rangoon Command Headquarters of the
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma has issued
Military Administration Order No 9/88 dated 24 August
1988—the 12th day of the waxing moon of Wagaung,
Burmese Era 1350.

The full text of the notification reads: The chief of staff
of the defense services of the Ministry of Defense of the
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma has withdrawn
Military Administration Order No 2 dated 3 August
1988 investing the commander of the Rangoon Com-
mand to exercise the management, administration of
justice, and other dutie. as mentioned in Military
Administration Order No 6/88.

The order takes effect from 1200 hours [0530 GMT]
today—24 August 1988.

[Signed] Brigadier General Myo Nyunt, commander of
the Rangoon Command.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Government Withdraws Troops
OW2408080488 Tokyo KYODO in English 0749 GMT
24 Aug 88

[Text] Rangoon, Aug. 24 KYODO—The embattled Bur-
mese Government withdrew its troops from the capital
Wednesday as hundreds of thousands of people held
peaceful demonstratio: s for the third day in a row.

A State Council announcement read over state-run Bur-
mese radio said government troops deployed in Rangoon
would begin to leave at | p.m. local time (3:30 p.m.
Japan time).

The radio also said martial law imposed three weeks 220
was lifted Wednesday.

The demonstrators—students, monks and ordinary citi-
zens—began gathering at Rangoon General Hospital at
around 7:00 a.m. and their ranks swelled to over 200,000
by mid-morning.

Government troops and security forces watched the
demonstrators, but refrained from taking any action.

The demonstration Wednesday followed two days of
massive and largely peaceful street protests in Rangoon
and elsewhere in the country calling for democracy and
the end of one-party rule in Socialist Burma.

Crowds ‘Rejoice’ at Announcement
BK2408 105888 Hong Kong AFP in English 1039 GMT
24 Aug 88

[Excerpts] Rangoon, Aug 24 (AFP)}—Hundreds of thou-
sands of Burmese rejoiced here when martial law was
lifted after massive protests calling for democracy in
Burma, under authoritarian, socialist rule since 1962.

“Peoples power has prevailed,” one ecstatic demonstra-
tor said after state radio announced Wednesday [24
August] that martial law imposed on August 3 was lifted
with a decree signed by president and ruling party
chairman Maung Maung.

Mid-town Rangoon was completely submerged under a
sea of people numbering in the hundreds of thousands,
more than twice the estimated 300,000 who demon-
strated Tuesday, the second day of a general strike which
began Monday, eyewitnesses said.

The city reverberated with tens of thousands of voices
calling in unison for the overthrow of what they now
term ““Ne Win’s government” and the scrapping of the
single-party system in an overwhelming demand for
democracy.

Troops were seen taking down barricades after the
mid-day announcement. [passage omitted]

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Jubilation prevailed here as the news of an end to martial
law was welcomed with shouts, whistles, continuous
sounding of car-horns, hand-clapping and other sounds,
not unlike the day Burma gained independence on
January 4, 1948, eyewitnesses said.

Reliable sources quoting judicial minister Tin Aung
Hein said Wednesday that a state public opinion polling
commission due to begin its work the same day had been
scrapped in the face of the massive protests. [passage
omitted]

A massive crowd near the cordoned-off city hall, led by
Buddhist monks, on Wednesday asked for barbed-wire
barricades to be removed.

Security forces there said this would be done as soon as
orders were received.

Armoured vehicles and other military trucks have
started to move back into the city hall area to allow two
huge crowds to join in front of Sule Pagoda in downtown
Rangoon.

Eyewitnesses said troops were taking down barricades
and stepping aside for demonstrators. Demonstrators
and soldiers were seen shaking hands [passage omitted]

Martial law authorities had on August 9 imposed a
nighttime curfew and a ban on public gatherings as
unrest continued. It was not clear if these measures were
also lifted. [passage omitted]

“What are you doing Maung Maung, give us democracy
now’ was the new slogan chanted on street corners
Wednesday, the third day of mass demonstrations.

Rangoon took on a festive atmosphere festooned with
banners strung overhead across main streets saying “We
welcome the call for democracy” and “We are holding
peacful demonstrations Vo not shoot.”

Burma's union flag was unfurled in front of buildings as
on the country’s independence day—but this time flown
upside-down and covered with stickers saying “Down
with the government. We want democracy, we want
treedom.”’

Practically every car bears a make-shift sticker calling for
democracy.

“If this is not public opinion right from deep inside the
heart, then I don’t know what else is,"’ one observer said.

Medical staff from all state hospitals here, including the
general hospital. worker's hospital, state-run diplomatic
hospital and North Okkalapa hospital were on the streets
Wednesday in uniform shouting “strike, strike” with
banners aloft.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

One sign has a human skull on the tip of a bamboo pole
with three cardboard placards, one below the other,
saying “We've diagnosed the disease. It’s the BSPP
(Burma Socialist Programme Party) cancers. Send the
body to the cemetery.”

People in Hkamti Ask Monks for Advice
BK2308144888 Rangcon Domestic Service in Burmese
1330 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] A ceremony to receive advice from the sayadaws
[senior monks] in Hkamti Township was held at 1300 on
18 August at the Central Hilltribes Buddhism Propaga-
tion Center in Hkamti. Present on the occasion were
some 300 monks and people, including the sayadaws
from the Hkamti Township Central Sangha Working
Committee; sayadaws who are numbers of the Sangha
Nayaka Divisional Committee and the Sangha Nayaka
Township Committee; responsible officials of the town-
ship party unit, people's councils, and regional organs of
power, and elders of the township.

The secretary of the township security supervisory com-
mittee first made a plea to the sayadaws to give their
advice. On behalf of the sayadaws, Bhadanita Guwunda
Sariya, secretary of the Sangha Nayaka Township Con-
mittee, spoke about peace and tranquillity and law and
order in the region.

Myaungmya Officials Discuss Rice Prices
BK23081S50088 Rangoon Domestic Service in Burmese
1330 GMT 23 A UR 88

[Text] A meeting to coordinate he stabilization of rice
prices in Myaungmya Township was held at the Mya
Shwewa Hall of Myaungmya Township People’s Council
Office at 1300 tocay. Present were U Aung Than,
member of the Irrewaddy Division People’s Council
Executive Committee; the township party unit chair-
man, the township people's council secretary; responsi-
ble officials; and rice millers and traders in the township.

At the meeting, the secretary of the township people's
council spoke about helping people to readily buy rice at
low prices, ensuring regular flow and distribution of rice,
and stabilizing and reducing rice prices.

The rice millers and traders present at the meeting
pledged to work in the interests of the township. The
meeting then ended.

Brunei, Malaysia & Singapore
Malaysia
Deputy Premier Leaves for Laos, Vietnam

BK 2408084588 Kuala Lumpur International Service
in English O800 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] The deputy prime minister, Mr Ghafar Baba, left
Kuala Lumpur this afternoon for a 6-day official visit to
Laos and Vietnam. His delegation includes Foreign

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1978

Minister Datv« Abu Hassan Omar, Perak Chief Minister
Datuk Sri P.amli Ngah Talib, Deputy Home Minister
Datuk Mey at Junid Megat Ayub, Deputy Minister in the
Prime Minister's Department Datuk Raja Ariffin Raja
Sulaiman, and senic * Foreign Ministry officials.

While in Laos, Mr Ghafar will call on Acting Prime
Minister Nouhak Ph umsavan. In Vietnam, Mr Ghafar
will meet Secretary General Nguyen Van Linh, President
Vo Chi Cong, and Premier Do Muoi.

In the discussions, Malaysia will stress to Vietnam its
desire to close down the Pulau Bidong transit camp for
Vietnamese refugees. Mr Ghafar will also urge Laos and
Vietnam to attend the international conference on Indo-
chinese refugees proposed to be held next year.

Two ISA Detainees Ordered Held for 2 Years
BK 2408084988 Kuala Lumpur BERNAMA in English
0721 GMT 24 Aug 88

{Text} Kuala Lumpur, Aug 24 (OANA-BERNAMA)—
Two of five people arrested under the Internal Security
Act (ISA) in the east Malaysian state of Sarawak in
connection with several cases of arson have been ordered
detained for two years, Sarawak Police Chief Mohamed
Yassin Jaafar said Wednesday.

He also said that one of the remaining three persons had
been released unconditionally.

Hussaini Joll, 36, an odd-job laborer, and Ahmad Endet
alias Mat Kincah, 42, a vehicle repossessor, started
serving their detention last Saturday, Yassin said in
Kuching, the state capital. Businessman Saidi Ramli, 41,
was released without conditions two days ago.

Hussaini, Ahmad, and Saidi were arrested a)ung with the
two other persons between June 23 and July 16 following
investigations into a spate of fires in Kuching.

The two others, managing director of the SARAWAK
TRIBUNE newspaper Balia Munir, 49, and Masri
Mohamed, 47, a senior customs officer, are still being
detained for investigation.

Briefs

Economic Accord With Mauritius

Malaysia and Mauritius have signed an agreement on the
establishment of a joint economic and technical commis-
sion. The joint commission will make recommendations
to further enhance bilateral cooperation. The agreement
was signed by the foreign ministers of the two countries
in Port Louis, Mauritius. [Summary] [BK /9080459
Kuala Lumpur RTM Television Network 1 in Malay 1200
GMT 18 Aug 88]

SOUTHEAST ASIA
Singapore

Lee Kuan Yew To Seek Re-Election in September
BK 2408074188 Hong Kong AFP in English 0543 GMT
24 Aug 88

[Text] Singapore, Aug 24 (AFP)}—Singapore Prime Min-
ister Lee Kuan Yew filed his papers Wednesday for
September 3 general elections in which he is seeking
re-election for the seventh straight time since 1955.

The world’s longest-serving premier hopes to lead his
People’s Action Party (PAP), which has governed Sing-
apore since 1959, into its seventh consecutive victory.

He was cheered by some 200 supporters wearing the
party's traditional white clothes, some in T-shirts with
his colour portrait and a slogan, “We need Lee Kuan
Yew,” as he walked into the nomination booth.

Emerging from the booth, he told reporters that his
chances in the dockside Tangong Pagar constituency,
which has been enlarged for this election and where an
unknown inuependeni is challenging him, were “more
than fair.”

His opponent, lawyer M.G. Guru, said he regarded Mr.
Lee as his own “guru” and was not there to win—
prompting Mr. Lee to respond: “It was kind of him to say
so.”

““May the best man win,” he added.

Mr. Lee was returned unopposed in the last election in
December 1984, although he had previously been chal-
lenged at the polls.

Cambodia

Hun Sen Protests to UN Against Thai Violations
BK 2408075988 Phnom Penh SPK in French
0428 GMT 24 August 88

[Text] Phnom Penh, 24 August (SPK)}—Hun Sen, chair-
man of the PRK Council of Ministers, virulently pro-
tested to the United Nations against recent Thai viola-
tions of Cambodian territory.

In a message sent to UN Secretary General Perez de
Cuellar on 22 August, Chairman Hun Sen stated that
these acts by Thailand were damaging the PRK’s efforts
to restore peace, stability, and good neighborly relations
between the two countries

Since 6 July, the message recalled, the Thai Armed
Forces had fired 7,439 artillery shells at Hill 310 in
Cambodia. From this hill, which had been attacked and
captured on 11 July and served as their base, the Tha
Armed Forces also bombarded other sectors such as O

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Bok, Chan Kraham, Hill 243, and Hill Malai, while their
aircraft overflew those sectors as well as Ku, Kouk
Khpos, Ampil, Pong Toek, and so on, approximately 20
km inside the border.

The message continued:

These premeditated provocations by Thailand commit-
ted against Cambodia, which are part of its global
strategy, took place when the countries in the region were
preparing to participate in the Jakarta informal meeting
last July in a bid to find a political solution to the
Cambodian problem. Moreover, Thailand committed
the error of using military intervention to support Pol
Pot’s Khmer Rouge, who have been condemned by the
world, and to achieve its strategy after the unilateral
retreat by the Vietnamese troops to positions 30 km
from the Cambodian-Thai border.

The PRK Government vehemently condemns Thai-
land’s acts of aggression and occupation, and calls on the
peace- and justice-loving international community to
denounce those actions to prevent further serious conse-
quences to the peace.

The PRK Government demands that His Excellency
Perez de Cuellar use his position to call on the Thai
Armed Forces to immediately evacuate Hill 310 and
cease hostile provocations against the PRK to restore the
friendly relations and good neighborly relations between
the two countries, as well as among the countries in the
region to ensure future peace and friendship, Chairman
Hun Sen's message concluded.

Chairman Hun Sen Speaks in Kompong Cham
BK 1908084588 Phnom Penh Domestic Service
in Cambodian 1300 GMT 18 Aug 88

[Speech by Hun Sen, member of the Political Bureau of
the party Central Committee, chairman of the PRK
Council of Ministers, and foreign minister, at Kompong
Cham Province’s first regional party congress on 14
August-——recorded]

{Text} First of all, on behalf of the Political Bureau of the
party Central Committee, I would like to express great
happiness in attending the historic first congress of
Kompong Cham Province’s regional party and convey
the sincere greetings and wishes for good health and
brilliant success of the comrade general secretary and of
the Political Bureau to the congress and all the comrade
delegates. | would like to exoress high appreciation for
the comrades efforts and sincerely congratulate the great
all-round successes scored by the regional party and
people in Kompong Cham Province in the past. Through
experiences in actual fighting, the province is getting
more experienced in organizing and carrying out con-
certed activities to fight against the enemies, search,
uncover, and destroy many enemy hidden elements,
arrest a number of hidden enemy leaders, and promote
the proselytizing movement with increasing results.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Along with this, the province has paid attention to
building and strengthening the regional and militia
forces, both in quality and quantity, in accordance with
the party Central Committee’s principles to carry out the
task of fighting the enemies, defending localities, and
ensuring the people’s safety and life to contribute to
defending the motherland’s border.

Every year the province strives to implement the policy
of urging youths to serve in the Army and maintain the
province's tradition. This is a great source providing
human and material resources to assist the frontline
battlefield. Ecc,.omically and in its daily life, «ae prov-
ince has made efforts to implement the program of
restoring and expanding economic and social activities
in accordance with the first 5-year plan, particularly in
promoting the four economic spearheads and success-
fully restoring and expanding production. This has
brought development and progress to every locality in
the entire province. Correct measures and appropriate
political principles have encouraged and greatly pro-
moted production. The amount of production and cul-
tivated land has increased annually to serve the needs of
cadres, personnel, workers, and people in the province in
their daily life. Some goods were exchanged with (?sister)
provinces. A number of products, such as soybean, mung
bean, peanut, sesame, tobacco, and so on have been
exported. Along with efforts to restore and expand
various major sectors in the economic and social fields,
the province has also made efforts to reclaim nearly 500
hectares of land for planting rubber trees beyond the
administration of the rubber plantation directorate,
thereby further reinforcing the strength of the locality in
this important economic spearher.. The province's
industrial and handicraft sectors continue to develop
quickly with over 5,000 production centers. Although
production quality is still low, this has increased the
source of goods to serve the daily life of veople in the
locality. Although not yet fulfilling the request for
progress of the revolution, the province’s economic and
social sectors have quickly developed; the people's mate-
rial level and morale have been raised thus providing an
important introduction to continue in the direction set
by the party’s fifth congress.

Dear comrades, I would like to take this opportunity to
talk about a number of issues concerning the interna-
tional situation relating to the Cambodian problem and
the situation and tasks of the Cambodian revolution in
the new historic phase in the spirit of the recent party
Central Committee's seventh plenum.

The special point of the current international situation is
the vigorous development of the revolution in the scien-
tific and technical fields which is playing an important
role in developing the world economy. Along with this,
views on security and independence have also changed
according to which a strong economic base would lead to
strong security and independence. Faced with the danger
of world holocaust, various nations the world over are
increasingly awakened and rallying their forces to create

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

a strong current to vigorously struggle to defend world
peace and to prevent the possibility of regional wars
breaking out caused by imperialists and reactionaries. A
clear tendency has emerged to promote the struggle while
at the same time try to find ways to increase cooperation
and peaceful coexistence.

While the world situation is changing, the situation in
Southeast Asia is also undergoing changes. Two points
deserve special attention. The first concerns changes in
relations among the three big countries. Earlier, China
colluded with the United States and opposed the Soviet
Union and the three Indochinese countries. However,
the three superpowers have come to bilateral agree-
ments. The development of Soviet-U.S. relations in
particular has solved a number of major world issues,
including the Afghan problem. The Soviet Union, China,
and the United States are now talking a lot about the
Cambodian problem, particularly since we announced
the withdrawal of the Vietnamese high command and
50,000 Vietnamese volunteers troops in 1988. The three
countries, like countries involved in the Cambodian
problem, want to talk and find a political solution to the
Cambodian problem.

We will not refuse international efforts and contribu-
“ions resulting from agreement among countries
involved in the Cambodian problem. However, the
determining factor in providing a solution to the prob-
lem is the Cambodian people’s will.

The second point is the change in relations among the
three Indochinese countries and other countries. This
has reduced tension and confrontation and moved
toward negotiation to resolve various conflicts in the
region. Among these changes are the talks between
Indonesia and Vietnam, representing the two groups of
countries, Indochina and ASEAN; the talks among Cam-
bodians, between the United States and Vietnam; and
recently, the informal meeting in Jakarta among the four
Cambodian parties and among the Indochinese and
ASEAN countries to find a political solution to the
Carnbodian problem and that of peace and stability in
Southeast Asia. International public opinion has wel-
comed and supported our good will. Unfriendly forces,
which used to slander and say bad things about us, have
recognized the reality in Cambodia, thus heightening
conflicts among reactionary forces. Sihanouk has
resigned from the leadership of the tripartite coalition,
proposed that Cambodia's seat at the United Nations be
left vacant, and wants to forge an alliance with the PRK
to discard the Khmer Rouge-Pol Pot.

Along with this, world public opinion has expressed
concern about the return to Cambodia of the genocidal
Pol Pot regime. A tendency has emerged in the world,
more clearly than previously, demanding the elimination
of Pol Pot, both militarily and politically. More impor-
tantly, the results of the recent informal meeting at the
initiative of Vietnam, representing the three Indochinese

SOUTHEAST ASIA

countries, and Indonesia, representing the ASEAN coun-
tries, in Jakarta, Indonesia, have further heightened the
PRK’s prestige in the international! arena and defeated
enemy maneuvers attempting to change this informal
meeting into one between Vietnam and the tripartite
coalition to deny the PRK’s role and legitimate right.
This is the first meeting of all four warring Cambodian
factions and of the three Indochinese countries and the
ASEAN countries to talk and find a political solution to
the Cambodian problem. A framework for a political
solution in favor of the Cambodian revolution has
emerged. It is in accordance with Our seven-point posi-
tion, acknowledges the real situation in Cambodia and
the PRK’s role, and agrees on two keys issues: the
withdrawal of Vietnamese volunteer troops linked to the
end of outside assistance and interference, and elimina-
tion of the Pol Pot clique and prevention of the return to
power of the genocidal regime. Furthermore, we also
reaffirmed the PRK’s goodwill position on the Cambo-
dian problem which includes two aspccts: internal and
international. The international aspect of the Cambo-
dian problem should be solved by countries involved
and the Cambodian parties. The internal aspect should
be solved by Cambodian parties themselves without
outside interference. A political solution to the Cambo-
dian problem, regardless of its form and essence, should
ensure the firm defense of the Cambodian people’s
revolutionary gains and that the genocidal regime cannot
return to Cambodia. Thus, with or without a political
solution, the main thing, which 1s the determining factor
to ensure a definitive victory of our revolutionary strug-
gle, is the real revolutionary forces.

We should use all possibilities and opportunities to
vigorously promote the building of our real revolution-
ary forces, ensure both their quantity and quality so that
they are strong enough to definitely and firmly undertake
revolutionary tasks in every situation and circumstance.
Our real revolutionary forces have been tempered and
steadily developed, particularly revolutionary forces and
movements in localities. This has maintained the revo-
lution’s advantageous position from the border to the
interior of the country. In defining the tasks of defending
the country, we have paid attention to building armed
forces, particularly regional and militia forces, and con-
tinue to create facilities to ensure that our Cambodian
forces are stationed at fall-back positions along the first
defense line. They should basically be able to repulse
enemy attacks, increase the capabilities of attacking the
enemy's transport means, continue to strengthen the K-5
network, and provide a major contribution to fighting
the enemies inside the country.

A world tendency denouncing and opposing the return of
the genocidal Pol Pot regime in Cambodia has emerged
more clearly than in previous periods. The enemy's
tripartite alliance has been shaken to the roots and its
internecine conflicts sharpened, as | said earlier. We
have scored remarkable results in implementing the
economic and social program and the four economic
spearheads. We are happy with all revolutionary

FBIS-FAS-88-164
24 August 1988

achievernents and can proudly consider that if our forces
continue to turther strive and temper themselves, we will
find more successes in every revolutionary task. Our
enemies are not capable of reversing the situation on the
battlefield

However, we certainly should not be too lax, over
optimistic, or self-opinionated, and lose revolutionary
vigilance. We should perceive all past shortcomings and
overcome them. This includes the consolidation of our
real revolutionary forces’ quality in a phase in which we
have to assume all revolutionary tasks ourselves; the
expansion of the workers’ right to be collective masters
to increase the people’s confidence in the party, state
authorities, and new regime by following the slogan “Use
the people as the current of the new regime”; the
consolidation of internal unity among our cadres and
party members, in party chapters, party committees, and
establishments; the distribution of appropriate tasks to
strengthen localities and the methodology in building
and strengthening localities; the propaganda and ideo-
logical education of our cadres, combatants, and people
in the new phase of a diplomatic offensive; the concret-
ization of the principles and policies of the party and
State, and the inspection and control of organizational
tasks among which a number of principles have not yet
been changed on time to conform with the real situation.

Dear comrades and friends, while the revolution 1s
moving into a phase of fighting and talking at the same
time, Our own forces are moving toward taking over the
task of defending the motherland and revolutionary
gains from the Vietnamese volunteer forces, a large
percentage of which has been repatriated. It is true that
the enemies are weakened and disintegrating but they
have not yet abandoned their plans to carry out activities
to desiroy the revolution. This calls for determination
and a high sense of responsibility of the entire party,
Armed Forces, and people. We should heighten the spirit
of independence, of being masters of the situetion, and
self-reliance. We should be united as one and have
absolute confidence 1n the party’s path and leadership.
We should constantly hold aloft the banner of genuine
patriotism and international solidarity, particularly the
Cambodia-Vietnam-Laos solidarity, to strive toward
implementing the resolutions of the party Central (‘om-
mitice’s fifth, sixth, and seventh sessions. We should
contribute to successfully achieve the three revolution-
ary goals set by the party’s fifth congress, particularly
increasing the fighting forces to carry out concerted
activities to effect real changes in the three key tasks:

!. Build and strengthen localities and make them into
real and firm bases of the revolution in every situation
and circumstance

2. Build the armed forces into a really firm instrument of

the dictatorship of the proletariat, absolutely loyal to the
party and people in defending the party, revolutionary
state authorities, people, and the new regime. First of all,
attention should be paid to butlding and strengthening
district and militia forces

SOUTHEAST ASIA

3. Vigorously promote the political, revolutionary, and
ideological education of cadres, party members, combat-
ants, and people in the new situation aimed at heighten-
ing the spirit of being masters of the situation and fully
assuming all revolutionary tasks once Vietnamese vol-
unteer troops and experts are withdrawn by increasing
the absolute revolutionary will of a real master in accor-
dance with the spirit of daring to think, to do, and to take
responsibility, to firmly safeguard, defend, and expand
already achieved revolutionary gains.

Dear comrades, the congress of your province’s regional
party has achieved fine results. Based on the success of
the congress, the province’s new party committee should
heighten the sense of responsibility and lofty determina-
tion to transform the resolutions of the congress into
concrete results in ine revolutionary movement of cad-
res, party members, combatants, and people, at every
level of party organizations, state authorities, mass orga-
nizations, but first of all in localities. At all times, cen‘ral
level guidelines, principles, policies, decisions, and var-
ious circulars should be firmly grasped. Guidance and
directives should be provided in organizing and imple-
menting the tasks appropriate to the special conditions
of the real situation in localities. The principle of collec-
tive democratic leadership should be vigorously adhered
to. The efficiency of collective leadership and responsi-
ble individuals should be improved, aimed at strength-
ening the party’s leadership and the state authorities’
administrative capability to ensure the people’s right to
be collective masters in the cause of the revolution.
Internal solidarity and unity within the party should be
increased and used as the core of leadership and in
uniting the masses and people throughout the province.
Rally all forces to contribute to every revolutionary task.

I firmly hope and believe that by expanding the results of
this party congress, the regional party and people in
Kompong Cham Province will score new successes in
implementing the resolutions of the first regional party
congress and will create worthy results to welcome the
10th anniversary of our glorious 7 January national day.

Mat Ly Addresses Trade Union Opening Session
BK2408035588 Phnom Penh Domestic Service
in Cambodian 1300 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] On 23 August, the Ninth Session of the Kampu-
chean Federation of Trade Union [KFTU] First Central
Committee was held at the KFTU office under the
chairmanship of Comrade Mat Ly, member of the KPRP
Central Committee Political Bureau, vice chairman of
the !vationai Asse:ably, and chairman of the KFTU; with
the participation of the provincial and municipal trade
union committees’ delegates throughout the country.

Taking the floor at the opening of the session, Comrade
Mat Ly pointed out the great successes won by the
Cambodian working class during the past nearly 10
years, particularly in the first 6 months of implementing

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

the sixth resolution of the party Central Committee. [his
has brought about many new multifaceted changes and
created the master role in localities.

Mat Ly said that on the management and promotion of
production and exploitation, especially in the four eco-
nomic spearheads, we had, for instance, exploited
41,000 hectares of acreage under latex-yielding rubber
that represent an expansion of 1,600 hectares and a
surplus of 18 percent of crepe rubber over the same
period of last year. The industria! production amounting
to 1,810 million nels had been achieved, or an augmen-
tation of 25 percent over the same first 4 months of
1987. Moreover, many other sectors had achieved pro-
duction over the target planned, such as timber, fish,
road construction, and so on. He also emphasized that
all the results acquired depend on unions, cadres, staff,
workers, and masses who had strived hard to overcome
every difficulty to achieve the tasks given by the party
and state.

Comrade Mat Ly called on all the male and female
delegates at the meeting to uphold the principle of
collective democratic leadership, set new production
targets, and effectively achieve them in the future.

SPK Reports on Subsidiary Crops Plantation
BK2408012988 Phnom Penh SPK in French
1135 GMT 23 August 88

[Text] Phnom Penh, 23 August (SPK)}—By early this
month, the peasants throughout the country had planted
about 40,000 hectares of corn and nearly | 6,000 hectares
of asparagus bean, or respectively an increase of 5,340
and 1,445 hectares over the same period last year

They had also grown 9,890 hectares of manioc ard sweet
potato, 3,226 hectares of peanut, 7,160 hectares of
soybean, and 9,1 36 hectares of sesame. The plantation of
corn had covered an area of nearly 14,713 hectares,
asparagus bean 11.000 hectares, peanut !,!85 hectares.
and sesame 4,362 hectares.

Sugarcane had been planted on an area of 4,000 hectares,
including 873 hectares in Kompong Cham Province and
520 hectares in Battambang Province. Jute had been
planted, particularly in Battambang and Banteay Mean-
chey Provinces, on an area of 2,780 hectares to supply
the sack factory Don Teav. Pepper and castor. particu.
larly grown in Kampot Province and at Kompong Som
harbor city, had respectively covered an area of 161 and
53 hectares.

The country currently exports red corn, pepper, and
castor after satisfying internal consumption needs

SOUTHEAST ASIA

VODK Urges Continued Pressure on Vietnam
BK2308093788 (Clandestine) Voice of Democrat
Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT 22 Aug &8&

[Station commentary: “Aggressors and Their Victims
Cannot Be Put on an Equal Footing’’}

[Text] While the international community 1s paying
attention to and striving to solve the Cambodian prob-
lem politically, the Vietnamese enemy aggressors have
carried out all kinds of deceitful and tricky maneuvers to
alter the Cambodian problem—which resulted from
Vietnam’s aggression—by raising the so-called danger of
the Khmer Rouge so as to prevent the latter from
returning to power. The Vietnamese have done this to
exonerate themselves and to cover up their crime of
invading and occupying Cambodia, and also to avoid
withdrawing their aggressor tioops from Cambodia.

The DK recently put forth a proposal for a comprehen-
sive political solution to the Cambodian problem calling
for the withdrawal of all Vietnamese troops from Cam-
bodia; the setting up of a provisional four-party (ambo-
dian government to organize direct, free. and general
elections in Cambodia; and a number of other measures
to guarantee an agreement on the Cambodian problem
However, the Hanoi Vietnamese bluntly rejected this
reasonable proposal. They still insist on linking the issue
of Vietnamese troop withdrawal from Cambodia to the
one on preventing DK from returning to power and
stopping international assistance to DK _ resistance
forces.

This 1s the bandit’s logic of the Hanoi Vietnamese, who
rely on brute force and are ignorant of international law.
This also clearly shows that the Hanoi Vietnamese do
not want to resolve the Cambodian problem politically
or to pull out their aggressor forces from Cambodia, as
they have claimed. They still try to find all kinds of
pretexts to maintain their forces in Cambodia, to occupy
Cambodia forever in order to achieve their Indochinese
federation and regional expansionist strategy.

As everyone 1s well aware, the Cambodian problem is
one of Vietnam's aggression and not one among Cambo-
dians. Therefore, the current key to the Cambodian
problem is the withdrawai of all Vietnamese aggressor
forces from Cambodia under international control and
supervision. Other matters following Vietnam's pullout
are Cambodia's internal affairs, which the Cambodian
people should solve themselves through free elections in
accordance with the principle of self-determination
These two issues are very different from one another and
cannot be linked together. Furthermore, Vietnam is the
aggressor and guilty of criminal acts, and has been
denounced and condemned by the worid every day,
while DK 1s the most unjust victim of Vietnam's act of
aggression. Aggressors and their victims cannot be put
on an equal footing.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

As Zhao Ziyang, general secretary of the CPC, pointed
out to the head of a Japanese news agency on |7 August,
Vietnam's linking of the issue of Vietnamese troop
withdrawal from Cambodia to the one preventing 'he
DK from returning to power is unreasonable. Vietnam's
troop pullout from Cambodia and the organization of
political forces in Cambodia are two different issues. The
first issue is One of aggression, while the second is
Cambodia's internal affair.

Aggressors cannot speak on an equal footing with their
victims. Thus, the world cannot let the Hanoi Vietnam-
ese use their bandit’s logic to commit aggression against
others and impose conditions for others to fulfill. This is
because people clearly realize that if Vietnam 1s allowed
to do this, it would set a bad and dangerous precedent
which would encourage other countries with aggressive
ambitions to commit aggression against others and vio-
late the self-determination right of small and weak
countries, just as Vietnam has done. Therefore, people
clearly realize the necessity to continue pressuring the
Hanoi Vietnamese aggressors, to force them to pull out
all their aggressor forces from Cambodia in accordance
with resolutions of the past nine UN General Assembly
sessions and resolve the Cambodian problem politically,
justly, and definitively. Only in this way can the Cam-
bodian problem be solved, can Cambodia enjoy peace
and security, can the Cambodian people exercise their
self-determination right, and can Southeast Asia and the
Asia-Pacific region enjoy peace, security, and stability

again.

Khieu Samphan Greets Indonesia National Day
BK 2408008088 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic
Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] On 15 August, His Excellency Khieu Samphan,
DK vice president, sent messages to His Excellency
Sudharmono, vice president of the Republic of Indone-
sia, and His Excellency Ali Alatas, Indonesian foreign
minister, on the occasion of Indonesia's national day.
Full text of the message to His Excellency Sudharmono 1s
as follows:

Your excellency:

On the occasion of Indonesia's national day, | am honored
and pleased to extend warmest greetings and best wishes
to you and the Indonesian people and government. May
the Indonesian people and government under the leader-
ship of His Excellency President Suharto always be suc-
cessful in their national construction

On behalf of the Cambodian people, the CGDK, and
myself, | would like to express profound gratitude to
your excellency. the people and government of Indone-
sia, and particularly His Excellency President Suharto
for constantly supporting and helping us 1n our struggle
for independence. We will forever remember this sup-
port and assistance.

41

SOUTHEAST ASIA

May the traditional bond of friendship and solidarity
between our two peoples and two nonaligned countries
further strengthen and develop.

Please, your excellency, accept my highest regards.

[Signed] Khieu Samphan, DK vice president in charge of
Foreign Affairs.

The content of the message to His Excellency Ali Alatas,
Indonesian foreign minister, is similar to the above
message.

Briefs

143 Siem Reap Returnees

In the past month, our people and authorities in Siem
Reap-Oddar Meanchey Province welcomed 143 misled
persons who have repented, deserted the Pol Pot clique,
and returned to live with the revolution and their fami-
lies, bringing with them 131 weapons. [Excerpt]
[BK2308065388 Phnom Penh Domestic Service in Cam-
bodian 1200 GMT 22 Aug 88 BK]

Philippines

Aquino Discusses Bases Review Agenda
HK 2408044788 Quezon City Radyo ng Bayan
in Tagalog 0400 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] The government ts presently lining up projects in
the event that the U.S. Congress does not consent to the
Philippine proposal regarding the payment of its foreign
debt. This was announced by President Aquino. The
Philippines has recommended that debt payments
should come from U.S. rental payments for the use of the
military bases. The president also revealed that the talks
involving payment for the military bases will resume
when Ambassador Nicholas Platt returns from the
United States. Sel Baiza has more details:

{Begin recording} Although she did not reveal what
possible options the Philippines has, the chief executive
expressed the hope that the deliberations by both panels
will be completed by the end of the year. On the other
hand the president revealed that the ongoing bases
review only covers the period up to the year 1991.

{[Aquino, in English] What is being discussed now
between the two panels is not a question of going beyond
1991. What we are just reviewing now is that portion of
the bases agreement existing between the two countnes,
between now and 1991. We are not yet talking beyond
1991. We have not even decided whether we will talk
beyond 1991. [end recording]

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Government Preparing To Sue Westinghouse
HK2008085 188 Hong Kong AFP in English 0828 GM1
20 Aug 88

[Text] Manila, Aug 2( (AFP)}—The Philippine Govern-
ment 1s preparing a one billion dollar civil suit against
the Westinghouse Corp. for damages resulting from the
firm’s construction of a nuclear power plant, news
reports said Saturday.

Ruling coalition Senator Rene Saguisag was quoted as
saying the company and some prominent personalities
would be named in the civil suit if current talks between
their representatives and the government do not reach a
settlement by September | 5.

Spokesmen for Mr. Saguisag could not be contacted to
confirm the report.

Under a tolling agreement, if neither Westinghouse nor
Manila takes legal action immediately after the Septem-
ber 15 deadline, they will lose the right to do so in the
future.

Westinghouse built the nuclear plant tn the northern
province of Bataan in 1985 under the administration of
then-President Marcos.

After he was toppled in a popular revolt in 1986, the
government refused to operate the plant, saying it was
defective and the project fraud-ridden.

Mr. Saguisag, head of a senate committee on the nuclear
plant, was quoted as saying one of the people named in
the suit would be Herminio Disini, a close supporter ct
deposed President Ferdinand Marcos.

Mr. Disini, who acted as the middle-man between
Westinghouse and Manila, and Mr. Marcos are both
suspected of having profitted illegally from the deal. Mr.
Disini is reportedly living in luxury in Austria.

Manila has been paying daily interest of 35,000 dollars
on loans for the 2.1 billion dollar project.

Saudi Arabia Stops Visas for Filipino Workers
HK2408024988 Manila Far East Broadcasting
Company in English 2300 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] A Ph'lippine Embassy source yesterday [23
August] said Saudi Arabia has stopped issuing visas to
Filipino workers. A Jeddah-based Arab newspaper yes-
terday quoted an embassy source as saying this [word
indistinct] move seems to be a reaction to Manila’s
restriction on the employment of domestic help. Manila
banned the overseas employment of Filipino maids as of
March | to prevent their being abused by foreign
employers. The ban was later lifted for some countries.
The Arab newspaper said Manila had also recently

SOUTHEAST ASIA

tightened requirements for Saudis wanting tourist visas
for the Philippines. An estimated 250,000 Filipinos work
in Saudi Arabia in technical, clerical, and other fields.

Aquino Clarifies ‘Contract With God’ Statement
HK2408042988 Manila THE MANILA CHRONICLE
in English 24 Aug 88 pp 1, 6

{Text} Mind your own business, President Aquino virtu-
ally told breakaway Vice President Salvador Laurel
yesterday.

In her first mini-press conference, Mrs Aquino said she
did not “want to engage in name-calling’ because “‘l
have more important tasks to attend to...”

But she added: ‘Well, | would just like io remind the vice
president: I know what my duties are as President of the
Philippines. I think and I would like to believe that he
knows what his duties are as vice president.”

At no time in the press conference did Mrs Aquino
mention Laurel by name while answering questions from
Malacanang reporters on the issue.

She also declined to answer Laurel's charges that she was
mismanaging the affairs of the Government and that her
relatives were allegedly involved in graft and corruption.

Since he announced his breakaway, Laurel had accused
the President of using the same words of Marcos in
reyecting demands for his resignation.

By invoking a “contract with God,” Mrs Aquino had
gone beyond Marcos in “reviving the divine right of the
kings,’ Laurel said.

Mrs Aquino’s answer: “First of all, even if I were not
President (but) because I believe I am a creature of God,
I have a contract with God.

“With my being a Christian, my being a Catholic, I know
that I have to render an account to my Creator. That’s
what I mean.”

Columnist Assails ‘Contract’
HK2308043188 Manila PHILIPPINE DAILY
GLOBE in English 23 Aug 88 p 4

(“Turn of Events” column by Francisco S. Tatad: “A
Contract With God”}

[Text] In 1985, faced with mounting pressure to cut short
his term and call a “snap” presidential election before
1987, President Ferdinand Marcos snapped back at his
critics, “I have a covenant with the people.” We laughed.
He also accented “covenant” on the wrong syllable, and
we laughed even more. Mrs Aquino may or may not have
laughed with us then, but in the end Marcos called the
“snap” election, and that provided to be his doom.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Now, Vice President Salvador Laurel has challenged
President Aquino to resign—and he with her—for hav-
ing failed to govern. He wants to pave the way for the
choosing of a competent leader. To this, Mrs Aquino has
said no, invoking her husband and the gods. “For my
mandate is with this nation, not with its enemy; my
convenant is with the Constitution; our contract 1s with
God, our pledge was to Ninoy.”

This 1s a definite improvement upon Marcos who, for all
his excesses, did not quite have the audacity to claim any
political connections in Heaven. So, as in 1985, the
people are laughing. But the shoe 1s now on the other
foot, so she is not laughing with them.

In that short statement, Mrs. Aquino succeeded in call-
ing Laurel an enemy of the state, which he isn’t, and in
claiming to possess a mandate from the people, which,
strictly speaking, she doesn’t. She shows him less kind-
ness than she is willing to show the leaders of the
Communist Party and the New People’s Army.

Laurel's offense, if indeed offense it is, 1s against Mrs.
Cory Aquino, not against the state, unless, like Louis
XIV, she has come to believe “L’etat c’est moi’ —*‘l am
the state.”’ Now, has she? It 1s too soon and too much
even for us to suspect her of being that far gone.

So, she 1s not yet the state. What about her ““mandate’”’
In his August 13 news conference where he announced
his challenge to Mrs Aquino, Laurel, in answer to a
question, said that as a candidate he believed he had won
the vice presidency but that there was no legal evidence
showing he and Mrs Aquino had, in fact, won the 1986
“snap” election. The same statement had been made
much earlier by Commission on Elections Chairman
Ramon Felipe Jr. prior to his retirement. What ts not
disputed is that Mrs Aquino was installed in office by a
civilian-backed military coup d'etat whose leaders she
subsequently betrayed. The successful military challenge
to Marcos and the U.S. intervention which took Marcos
out of the way—not the nation as such—gave her her
“mandate”.

What about her “convenant with the Constitution”?
Another hogwash. You will remember that Mrs Aquino
ran against Marcos under a special election law enacted
under the 1973 Constitution. It was a controversial,
oft-rewritten Constitution. Under martial law, Marcos
wrote several amendments into it that ultimately dis-
torted the parliamentary system originally intended by
the constitutional convention. The propriety of its rati-
fication had also been questioned. But it had been
drafted by a duly elected convention, and in 1986,
several amendments had been written into it to remove
certain mischiefs inflicted into it by the authoritarian
President. In any case, Mrs Aquino ran under tt.

And yet on March 25, 1986, one month after acceding to
the throne, she set aside the Constitution, decreed a
provisional one and named 48 men and women to draft

SOUTHEAST ASIA

its final replacement. She thereby proclaimed a revolu-
tionary government. In setting aside the Constitution,
she abolished her constitutional term of office, and made
it cO-terminous with the revolutionary government. But
wanting to have her cake and eat it too, she conspired
with her appointive commissioners to put in the new
Constitution a rider giving her a term that runs until
June 30, 1992. This is her only known “convenant with
the Constitution” —a rigged one.

And now, her “contract with God.”’ No one has seen a
copy of that. But if government is the participation of
men in God's governance of the universe, then we can
accept her claim—that she has a “contract with God.”
Yet by her word and deed she has made it very clear that
she has not at all read its text. It says—and not in fine
print either—that she must deliver some service. She has
not done that. God has done his part, but she hasn't. The
next step is to rescind the contract.

Laurel Launches Campaign for Opposition Coalition
HK2308111188 Hong Kong AFP in English 1048 GMT
23 Aug 88

[Text] Cebu, Philippines, Aug 23 (AFP)—Vice President
Salvador Laurel Tuesday launched a nationwide cam-
paign to enlist support for a new opposition coalition
against President Corazon Aquino, but remained silent
on whether he would lead it.

“There will be this opposition coalition to be composed
of persons, regardless of party affiliations, who are not
satisfied with the Aquino government,” he told a news
conference in this central city.

Mr. Laurel, 59, met with politicians here as part of what
he called a nationwide campaign to organize the new
coalition and “report to the people” the realities about
the Aquino administration, correspondents said.

The vice-president, who has long been estranged from
Mrs. Aquino, called earlier this month for both of them
to resign in favour of a snap presidential election. The
55-year old president has rejected the call.

Mr. Laurel has edged closer to the right-wing opposition
in recent months after aides abandoned him en masse in
favour of a new ruling party now being organized by
Aquino followers and due to be formally launched next
month.

Critics have dismissed Mr. Laurel's moves as a self-
serving effort to weaken Mrs. Aquino. The MALAYA
newspaper in Manila Tuesday said in an editorial that he
was a “political buffoon with an undoubted capacity to
make mischief.”

Under the constitution, Mr. Laurel will automatically
succeed Mrs. Aquino if she dies, resigns, is disabled or
impeached before her term ends in 1992, which analysts
say 1s his biggest attraction to the nght-wing opposition

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

The Aquino-Laurel ticket came to power on February
25, 1986 after a military-civilian revolt ended the 20-
year rule of Ferdinand Marcos.

The current leader of the political right-wing, Senator
Juan Ponce Enrile, has said he is ready to stand aside in
favour of Mr. Laurel as head of a unified opposition
through the merger of their respective wings of the
conservative Nacionalista Party.

Opposition sources said the merger could be announced
at the weekend.

‘All of those who are happy with the way Mrs. Aquino is
running the country, you join forces,” Mr. Laurel said.
“Those of you who feel that she is not governing the
nation well, that she is making a mess out of our people,
should also join forces and work together to bring about
a better government.”

Mr. Laurel remained silent on who would lead the
opposition coalition.

Asked if he would join forces with Mr. Marcos if he
returned from exile in Hawaii, the vice-president said “‘I
do not think he will have time to participate in any
political activity here.”

Mr. Marcos, 70, is facing graft charges here and has put
off the burial of his 95-year-old mother Josefa, who died
in May, in the hope of returning home.

“He will be busy defending himself in the courts. I think
the first thing he will do is to bury his mother, so I do not
believe Mr. Marcos will be involved in politics,” Mr.
Laurel said.

Threatens Disobedience Campaign
HK2408043788 Manila THE MANILA CHRONICLE
in English 24 Aug 88 pp 1, 7

[Text] Vice President Salvador Laurel threatened yester-
day a mass civil disobedience campaign in his bid to
force early presidential elections.

Laurel, speaking at the start of a nationwide tour to try to
gain public support for his bid to topple President
Aquino, was cheered by a group of about 300 supporters.

“While I do not think it is necessary yet to initiate a
campaign for civil disobedience against the Aquino
government, I think that will come as a last resort,”
Laurel said in Cebu City.

Laurel kept up his attack against the Aquino Adminis-
tration, claiming that the President failed to solve prob-
lems like graft and corruption and the insurgency as she
had promised.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

“All these problems have worsened after more than 30
months of the Aquino Administration,” he said in his
first provincial sortie since his breakaway from the
ruling coalition.

Laurel also tried to dispel speculations that his demand
for Mrs Aquino’s resignation was due to his ambition to
succeed her in office.

He claimed he had no plans to succeed Mrs Aquino as
president. If both of them resign, he said, there would
not be a political crisis and leadership vacuum since
Senate President Jovito Salonga could take over until a
successor is duly elected under the new Constitution.

Columnist Assesses Anti-Ramos Forces
HK2308054988 Manila BUSINESS WORLD in
English 23 Aug 88 p 4

{“On the other hand” column by Antonio C. Abaya:
“Who Wants Ramos Out?’’}

[Text] This writer warned on July 28 that there were
forces scheming to drive a wedge between President
Aquino and Defense Secretary Fidel Ramos. They have
apparently succeeded. A Malacanang insider confirms
that President Aquino is “no longer comfortable” with
Secretary Ramos and that she may replace him soon at
the DND [Department of National Defense].

The Bulong-Bulongan [whispering] Brigade has appar-
ently convinced the President that Ramos is a threat to
her in 1992 or eaclier, which is an indirect confirmation
that she will seek reelection in 1992.

There are speculations as to who is or are fueling this
anti-Ramos agitation. The most obvious suspects are the
ex-RAM [Reform the Armed Forces Movement] boys,
who have some scores to settle with their former supe-
rior. The reasoning is that with Ramos out of the way,
they would be free to muster their forces for a final push
against Malacanang. The end result would be a civilian-
military junta.

The second possible agitators against Ramos would be
the politicians in Congress who have presidential or
vice-presidential ambitions in 1992 and who would be
edged out of the picture should Ramos succeed in
defeating the insurgency by 1991, as he has said he
would. The putative Magsaysay will not be allowed to
succeed. To make doubly sure that he doesn’t, he should
be removed from the DND, so the theory goes. The
outcome will be More of the Same: more chaos, more
insurgency, more politics.

The third possible agitators would be the Radical Left.
Like the politicians, they do not want Ramos to succeed.
Ramos has stated, even when he was still AFP [Armed
Forces of the Philippines] chief-of-staff, that the military

F BIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

alone cannot defeat the insurgency, that the civilian
government must supply the political, social and eco-
nomic components of the anti-insurgency effort.

(The Aquino Government has indeed tried to do some-
thing about this in the form of the Peace Commission,
the Peace and Order councils, and the Regional Devel-
opment councils. But the results have been minimal and
spotty. Principally because the efforts are not coordi-
nated and lack cohesion. And no wonder, since the heads
of these agencies hold concurrent and more pressing
positions in the Cabinet when they should be doing
nothing but non-violent counter-insurgency. The distr-
bution of work is also curious: why would NEDA, an
economic planning body, be in charge of the rehabilita-
tion of NPA surrenderees?)

To get back to the business at hand, it is to the interest of
the Radical Left that Ramos be removed from the DND
before he and the AFP capture the rest of the CPP
Politburo, the NDF commission heads, and the NPA
field commanders. At tne rate the Radical left is losing
iis national and regional leaders to the AFP, the
(PP/NDF/NPA is in real danger of becoming less ideo-
logical than the Sicilian Mafia or the Japanese Yakuza.

Secretary Ramos shares with this writer the perception
that the most dangerous—because they are the must
successful—components of the Radical Left are the
cause-oriented fronts of the NDF, to which the civilian
government has no effective response. The burgis lead-
ership simply does not know how to build ideological
defenses against the united front strategy of the Radical
Left

The tact that Senator Aquilino Pimentel is being floated
as the replacement for Ramos suggests that it may be the
Radical Left, acting through the still powerful clique of
Malacanang human rights lawyers, that is engineering the
moves against Ramos. The end game here 1s Coalition

To be fair to Senator Pimentel, he is an authentic
democratic socialist or socdem and 1s therefore ideolog-
ically opposed to Marxism-Leninism. But it could be
that he 1s being programmed by the Radical Left without
his even knowing it.

The tact that he makes the requisite and Amenican noises
and that he co-authored, with natdem [Nationalist Dem-
ocrats) Senator Wigberto Tanada, the Senate anti-nuke
bill. make him “acceptable” to the Radical Left, despite
his socdem credentials.

In the personalized world of Philippine politics, the
dividing line between natdem and socdem can easily be
blurred or disregarded if it will suit the Party's long-term
KI vals

It 1s instructive to keep in mind the derivation of the
term natdem. This, of course, means national democrat
or someone who believes in national democracy. Which

SOUTHEAST ASIA

means a member or a supporter of the National Demo-
cratic Front (NDF), which is the political arm of the
Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), the military
arm being the New People’s Army (NPA).

With a bonafide socdem like Senator Pimentel, friendly
and acceptable to the natdems, installed in the DND, the
Stage can be set for the NPA to “terminate” the insur-
gency before 1992. Pimentel thus emerges as the Peace-
maker and his presidential stock mses. He can then run,
and win, under a Salonga/Pimentel or, more probably, a
Pimentel/Boy Morales (of the PNB [Partido ng bayan—
People’s Party]}) ticket of the Liberal Party (LP).

It is no coincidence that Pimentel’s PDP [Pilipino Dem-
ocratic Party] and Fidel Agcaoili’s PNB (together with
Raul Manglapus’s NUCD [Nationa! Union of Christian
Democrats} and the ghost party BANDILA [Bansang
Nagkaisa sa Diwa at Layunin—Nation United in Spint
and Purpose]) are joining the LP. It is an explicit strategy
of the CPP to infiltrate all bourgeois political parties,
since the PNB, by itself, has been a total failure.
Salonga’s LP is the most susceptible to this infiltration
because it already has an in-house left wing component.

Coalition has always been the name of the game of the
Radical Left. The tactical moves towards that Coalition
may be emerging.

Marcos’ Sister To Ask for His Travel Documents
HK 2408090188 Manila Radio Veritas in Tagalog
0700 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] The Sandiganbayan [Anti-Graft Court] 1s expect-
ing Mrs Fortuna Marcos Barba, former president
Marcos’ sister, to formally request issuance of her broth-
er’s travel documents so that the latter can return to the
country. Mr Marcos gave her authorization to get his
travel documents on the 22d of this month.

Columnist Advises Against Return of Marcos
HK2408051988 Manila PHILIPPINE DAILY
INQUIRER in English 24 Aug 88 p 4

[““Posteript column by Federico Suarez: “Cory Taking a
Big Risk}

[Text] In 1985, Ferdinand Marcos was not called upon to
schedule presidential elections since the next polls were
to be held only in 1987.

But bowing to American pressure, Marcos called for
snap elections in February 1986 to deodorize his regime.
That was his Big Blunder.

Having opened the floodgates, the tottering Marcos was
unable to hold back the rushing tide that swept him to
the gutter

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Today, Cory Aquino is not called upon to allow Marcos
to return before the U.S. president elections in Novem-
ber—and even before cr ninal charges are filed against
him in Manila.

But for some far-from-transparent reason, Cory Aquino
‘S$ Opening the door for the return of Marcos and the four
horsemen of the Apocalypse.

Some of us are worried this may be the Biggest Blunder
of Cory Aquino.

President Aquino said that if the courts say so, she would
allow Marcos to return. Of course! She thinks she has a
choice?

She can’t keep her options open on whether or not to
obey the court.

Our military seems to suffer from the same illusions.
Gen Renato de Villa, AFP [Armed Forces of the Philip-
pines] chief of staff has announced that they would abide
by the decision of the court.

The military has to be reminded that like the rest of us,
our soldiers actually have no choice. They are expected
to just obey orders. They have no business pretending to
go through a tortuous mental process, weighing the pros
and cons, and making the difficult decision to obey the
courts

Is anybody making just a feeble attempt to put the
military in its proper place—under civilian authority—
or has the military finally succeeded in transforming
itself into a fourth co-equal branch of government?

Then there’s Solicitor General Frank Chavez, who has
conceded that Marcos may have to be summoned if
criminal charges were filed, but who announced that he
would oppose-for political and security reasons [under-
lined words as published]—the former strongman’s
return.

Our solicitor general, I think, should stay within his turf
and leave the political and security issues to the proper
authorities.

If Chavez thinks, for instance, that Marcos’s return poses
security problems, that should not color his legal brief. He
should argue and act on the basis of the law. If the law says
that Marcos should be allowed to return, then regardless
of the security fears of the solicitor general, the accused
Marcos must be permitted to confront his accusers.

But many of us agree with Chavez's opinion that, at this
stage. Marcos must not be allowed to return. At least not
for the prepetuation of the testimony of former Public
Works Secretary Baltazar Aquino. Let's wait till criminal
charges have actually been filed.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Until Baltazar Aquino makes his formal testimony, we
do not know what he would say in the perpetuation
proceedings. It is premature to presume that Marcos
would be an adversely affected party and should, there-
fore, be allowed to be present.

If Marcos were to show up, will he be a witness, an
accused, an attorney for somebody, an amicus curiae, a
bystander, or what? Nobody knows, we repeat, until the
former Marcos cabinet member makes his statement.

POSTSCRIPT: Remember that Ferdinand Marcos used
the same perpetuation process in tightening the noose
around the neck of Ninoy Aquino when the former
senator was languishing in jail while a kangaroo court
went through the motions of trying him for a number of
imagined crimes.

“Witnesses,” some of them criminals, were trotted out
by Marcos. Their incredible tales had to be perpetuated
because Marcos wanted to consolidate as early as possi-
ble all evidence to clinch his case against Ninoy.

The eerrie thing was that not long after the hapless
““witnesses”’ recited their lines and signed the perjurious
affidavits, they were killed and silenced forever—so they
won't be able to retract their statements against Ninoy
and Ninoy won't get the chance later to challenge their
statements.

As clincher, Ninoy who was locked up in tight security
cell was even accused of ordering the murder of the
witnesses!

House Vetos Purchase of Air Force Jets
HK 2408074988 Manila Radio Veritas in Tagalog
0700 GMT 24 Aug 88

[Text] The House Committee on National Defense
vetoed a Philippine Air Force plan to purchase 18 fighter
planes next year. Instead, it recommended that funds
allocated for the proposed purchase be used to imple-
ment social and economic projects. The planes had been
intended for training Philippine Air Force pilots who are
still flying aircraft dating from the Second Wor d War.
Meanwhile, there is a dire shortage of experienced com-
bat pilots in the Philippine Air Force to fly modern
fighter planes in the current counterinsurgency cam-
paign. This was revealed by Air Force Chief Major
General Jose de Leon to the committee.

According to De Leon, only 12 of the 35 reserve pilots in
the Armed Forces of the Philippines can take part in the
campaign which deploys nine S-5 fighter jets.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Extension of Alsa Masa’s Activities Proposed
HK2208140788 Manila Radio Veritas in Tagalog
1300 GMT 22 Aug 88

[Text] A high-ranking military official has suggested that
the Alsa Masa’s activities be extended, not only in Davao
but also in Metro Manila and leading provinces of the
country, to completely eradicate the insurgency problem.
More details from Bong Roxas of DXGNFM News
Express, Davao City:

{Begin recording in English] Colonel Jaime Canatoy,
chief of operations of the civil relations group, explained
the purpose of his visit to Davao City the other day.
Canatoy said that the CPP [Communist Party of the
Philippines]-NPA had mad Davao City a laboratory to
test their activities and eventually apply them to other
regions of the country. [end recording]

Military Reports Improved Insurgency Situation
HK2208130188 Manila PHILIPPINE DAILY
GLOBE in English 21 Aug 88 pp 1, 6

[By Noel T. Catorillo]

[Text] The Armed Forces of the Philippines [AFP]
initiated 67 percent of tactical engagements and posted a
more favorable kill ratio against the communist New
People’s Army during the first six months of this year,
according to the latest DND [Department of National
Defense]-AFP nationwide situation report obtained by
ASSOCIATED EDITORS.

Despite the improved situation, however, the Armed
Forces say “the CPP [Communist Party of the Philip-
pines]-NPA remains the most potent threat to national
security” and that the terrorists are still active in 20
percent of the 41,818 barangays throughout the country.

From January to July 15 this year, a total of 1,148
insurgency-related tactical engagements were reported
nationwide. Sixty-seven percent of these, or 768, were
AFP-initiated and 380, or 33 percent, were credited to
the NPA.

“It was the lowest recorded average in NPA-initiated
incidents for the past five years,” says the report, which
reviewed the period from January | to June 30, 1988.

It notes that the decrease in NPA-initiated combat inci-
dents was largely due to a “more aggressive” AFP counte-
rinsurgency operation, in which gains were measured by
the number of rebels killed and firearms recovered.

The kill ratio, the report says, “was most favorable” last
May at | to 2, in favor of the government. It used to be
a “disturbing” 1.5:1 ratio, also in favor of the military.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

The violent incidents in the past six months this year
resulted in 2,133 deaths, of which 54 percent was halved
between government soldiers and innocent civilians—
580 soldiers and 568 civilians killed. NPA rebels made
up the other 46 percent, or 985.

Despite these military gains, armed city guermilas, or
“Sparrows,” continue their assassination activities,
although targets are now “selected carefully.”

From January to July this year, Sparrow-related killings
nationwide were counted at 88, or less than 34 percent
during the same period last year, when the military
recorded 133 NPA Sparrow-related killings.

Most of these killings took place in Metro Manila, where
NPA assassins continue to enjoy the advantages of
surprise, time and place of attack.

The CPP-NPA is beset with leadership and organiza-
tional problems, which, the report says, is due to
“intense” ideological and political debates, infractions
of party rules and the vacuum left by recently neutralized
leaders.

In addition, five Central Committee members, 19 func-
tional and territorial staff officers, eight regional leaders
and 397 CPP-NPA regulars, subversive mass activists
and supporters have been arrested.

Recent operations, the report says, also resulted in the
dismantling of five CPP-NPA communication and
finance centers in Metro Manila and other parts of the
country, including a field medical facility in Metro
Manila.

Significantly, too, 7,209 alleged CPP-NPA members
have returned to the fold from March 1987 through
February this year, under the government's National
Reconciliation and Development Program.

Most of those who took advantage of the program came
from Mindanao. This “partly explains,’ says the report,
the reduction of the CPP-NPA strength in Mindanao.

Despite these setbacks, the NPA continues to raid mili-
tary detachments and police stations. It has not let up in
its ambuscades of military convoys and foot patrols and
liquidation of soldiers and policemen.

With the temporary weakening of the military after the
aborted coup on August 28, 1987, the raids on AFP
detachments, police stations and even municipal halls
increased dramatically. This year, however, the NPA has
so far failed to sustain this objective.

The report says the AFP has made headway in solving
the factionalism in its ranks with the neutralization of
certain former members of the Reform-the-Armed-Forc-
es-Movement, including ex-colonel Gregorio Honasan.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

While the military continues to score modest successes
in counter-insurgency, such as increasing the killing ratio
of two rebels per one soldier and recovering thousands of
loose firearms from the insurgents, the ultimate yard-
sticks of success are not body counts and kill ratios but
the removal of CPP-NPA influence in the barangays and
the winning of the psychological warfare, the report said.

Military Accused of Bombing Tribal Communities
HK240805 1388 Manila PH. LIPPINE DAILY
GLOBE in English 24 Aug 8& p 3

[Text] The military has for the past three months con-
tinuously bombed and strafed 13 tribal communities in
the hinterlands of Agusan del Norte in Mindanao, a
human rights group disclosed yesterday.

In a press statement, the Tunay na Alyansa ng Bayan
Alay sa Tribu (Tabak) [Genuine People’s Alliance for the
Tribes] claimed 250 Higaonon families were forced to
evacuate due to military operations conducted from May
27 to July 3.

“The more than 2,000 men, women and children,” said
Tabak secretary-general Mercie Ferrer, “sought refuge in
the forests of Buenavista town, Agusan del Sur. Their
condition is now fast deteriorating having been deprived
of their sources of food.”

Ferrer was quoting the initial report of a fact-finding
mission (FFM) team which investigated reported cases
of human rights violations allegedly committed by the
military in the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Surigao
del Sur and Surigao del Norte.

The 15-day FFM conducted August 1-15 was partici-
pated in by national and Mindanao-based church and
human rights organizations and was conducted at the
request of 10 Higaonon datus [local headman].

Ferrer, who the press statements said had joined the
FFM-Agusan team, claimed Higaonon leaders reported
two Tora-tora (World War II) planes incessantly bombed
their communities for 37 days. Bombed areas, she said,
are the sitios of Bocbocon, Anas, Lilok Bulan-bula,
Pasiyohan, Talutoan, Lano, Hanginan, Baklayon, Tam-
bubud-an, Nabungkas and Bayocboc, all in Buenavista
town.

“The Higaonon leaders,” said Ferrer, “reported that at
one time the planes dropped at least 80 bombs (last May
27) on their communities. Helicopter gunships would
often hover above and strafe the forests where they
(Higaonons) sought refuge.”

The Agusan team reportedly documented cases of pre-
mature births (3), salvagings (4), destruction of farm-
lands and properties as a result of the bombings and
strafings.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

The Higaonons claimed their territory is suspected by
the military to be a stronghold of the New People’s Army
guerrillas.

“Ground operations conducted by elements of the Spe-
cial Operation Groups (SOGs) and 30th Infantry Battal-
ion Philippine Army (IBPA),” claimed Ferrer, “resulted
also in five houses destroyed including farm touls and
house implements.”

“The massive strafing and bombing, including ground
troop maneuvers also participated in by Civilian Home
Defense Forces deprived | 3 tribal communities of their
economic sources of livelihood,” Ferrer said.

Military Warned Against Guerrilla "nfiltration
HK2208072388 Manila MANILA BULLETIN
in English 22 Aug 88 p 10

[Text] Dinaig, Maguindanao (PNA)}—A military official
in Central Mindanao has warned unit commanders
against rebel! infiltration of military ranks by way of
enlistment.

Brig. Gen. Jose Cesar Capa, commander of the 6th Army
Infantry Division based at Camp Gen. Siongco at Awang
here, said intelligence reports indicated attempts by
those in the communist movement to gain foothold in
the military organization by joining in.

In a directive, Capa urged unit commanders of the
division assigned in Central and Southeastern Mindanao
regions to intensify counter-intelligence operations
against rebel poseurs.

He urged all military personnel to be security conscious
at all times.

He suggested security seminars and retraining programs.

NPA Recruitment in Cordillera Region Drops
HK 1908125388 Quezon City Radyo ng Bayan
in Tagalog 1200 GMT 19 Aug 88

[Text] The NPA is having difficulty recruiting members
in the Cordillera region due to the continuous evacua-
tion of the area. Captain Rudy Guligardo, chief of the
special Cordillera civi! relation service, said the number
of NPA elements started to drop in the past 2 years,
following the departure of rebel priest Conrado Balweg
from the group, who formed the Cordillera People’s
Liberation Army. This brought about the surrender of
other regular NPA members who took advantage of the
government's amnesty program.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Tribesmen Said Killed by Anticommunist Group
HK2208135788 Hong Kong AFP in English 1347 GMT
22 Aug 88

[Text] Dipolog, Philippines, Aug 22 (AFP)}—Anti-com-
munist militias killed 13 tribesmen near this southern
city over the weekend, a tribal leader reported here
Monday.

About 30 machete-wielding members of the “Tadtad
{Chop Chop]” cult raided the mountain village of the
Subanons near Manuel Roxas town on Saturday, hogtied
seven of the men, and hacked them to death, village
leader Timuay Engad told reporters.

They shot dead four children and two women as the rest
of the village fled, he added. Military spokesmen here
could not immediately confirm the report.

The Tadtad are among dozens of bizarre pseudo-Chnis-
tian cults which hunt down communist New People’s
Army (NPA) guerrillas and sympathizers here in the
southern island of Mindanao.

The military denies arming these groups, but admit they
are helping in the fight against the insurgency.

Fleeing residents of another mountain village near Man-
uel Roxas claimed Monday that at least 10 of their fellow
residents were killed when the military launched a mor-
tar attack on the community.

A military statement issued here Monday maintained
that the target was an NPA camp and that the rebels
suffered “heavy casualties.”

NPA guerrillas set fire to 10 houses in the central island
of Negros on Thursday, the official PHILIPPINE NEWS
AGENCY said Monday.

The houses near Himamaylan town were owned by
members of an anti-communist vigilante group, it said,
adding that none of them were harmed.

Attack on Radio Towers Called ‘Act of War’
HK2208051588 Manila THE MANILA CHRONICLE
in English 22 Aug 88 p 7

[Text] llollo City—The underground National Demo-
cratic Front on Negros Island (NDF-NI) has invoked its
“belligerency status’ in destroying two radio station
transmitters in Bacolod City last month, and called the
stimultaneous attacks “an act of war.”

“As a belligerent power, the NDF through its armed
force, the New People’s Army, reserves the right and
prerogative to inflict damage on all forces employed by
the . government _i1n waging its counterrevolutionary
war.” the NDF said in a statement

SOUTHEAST ASIA

The four-page English language communique, a copy of
which was obtained by the PHILIPPINE NEWS and
FEATURES, sought to explain the attacks last July 27 on
the transmitters of radio stations DYHB and DYEZ.

Signed by Fr Frank Fernandez, representing NDF-NI,
and Celso Magsilang of the NPA Negros Island Regional
Operational Command (NPA-Niroc), the communique
was specifically addressed to four media people: Loreto
Lapuos, president of the local Kapisanan ng mga Brod-
kasters sa Pilipinas (KBP) [Association of Broadcasters
in the Philippines]; Percy Torre, president of the Con-
gress of Active Media Practitioners (Camp); Pnmo
Esleyer, president of the Negros Press Club; and Lui
Tribago president of the Correspondents and Broadcast-
ers Association—Action News Service (Cobra-ANS).

Fernandez was also heard over the radio reading in tape
the vernacular version of the communique.

NDF-Ni said the burning of the two radio transmitters was
an “act of war” by its armed city partisans. Most personnel
of the two stations were “diehard anti-communist hacks”
who abet the AFP’s [Armed Forces of the Philippines]
psychological warfare, said the communique.

It said the AFP enlists the media for “subliminal propa-
ganda” and accused the island's media practitioners,
“many of its leading lights—from the present president
of the KBP, down to several sation managers, anchor-
men and reporters” of breaching the National Press
Club's code of neutrality.

The local military, disputing the NDF’s claim to bellig-
erency status, dismissed the NPAs as mere “communist
terrorists” and their attacks on the radio transmitters as
“criminal acts.”

The NDF-NI's claim to belligerency status goes back a
couple of months. Frank Fernandez, alleged head of
NDF-NI, announced last May in a taped message that
the NDF 1s already a belligerent force, “even if the
U.S.-Aquino regime chooses to ignore it”.

Thailand

Prem Named ‘Privy Councillor,’ ‘Elder Statesman’
BK 2408081988 Bangkok THE NATION in English
24 Aug 88 Afternoon edition p 1

[Text] Gen Prem Tinsulanon’s possible comback was
completely ruled out this morning with his appointment
as privy councillor and elder statesman and his state-
ment indicating his full support for Army Commander in
Chief Gen Chawalit Yongchasyut.

Government sources said this morning Prem will be
granted an audience with HM [His Majesty] the King
late Friday afternoon to be sworn in as privy councillor

FBIS-EAS-82 164
24 August 1988

HM the King will also bestow him with the top-ranking
royal decoration, called Noppharat Ratchawaraphon
during the audience, the sources said.

HM the King has so far granted the royal decoration to
only four figures and Prem will be the fifth. The four are
late senior statesmen Pridi Phanomyong, late Field Mar-
shal Sarit Thanarat, late Field Marshal Plaek Phibun-
songkhram and Her Royal Highness Princess Kanlayani
Watthana. The royal decoration has been traditionally
bestowed to senior royal family members who are Bud-
dhist devouts.

Prem will be granted an audience at 4:15 pm Friday at
Chitlada Palace, the sources said.

In a related development, about 150 top-brass officers
led by Gen Chawalit this morning showed up in full force
at Prem’s Si Sao residence to congratulate him about the
appointment to senior statesmanship. All these develop-
ments, analysts pointed out, indicated that Prem has no
chance of making a comeback to power.

Prem told the well-wishers his relations with them are
deeper than ordinary friendship and can never be
disrupted.

The top-ranking officers, including the air force, the
navy iad the police chiefs, called on Prem also to wish
him a happy birthday.

Leading the officers, Chawalit, concurrently acting
supreme commander, told Prem the form er premier and
the military shared the same “blood” and the same
“responsibility” which made their bondage ever-lasting.

He pledged that they will follow in the footsteps of Prem,
who served as their example for his devotion to strength-
ening national security and the throne.

“Pa Prem is also our example of a gentleman and we will
follow his pattern throughout our remaining life,’ he
said.

Chawalit said the officers called on Prem because not all
of them could make it to Songkhla where the former
premier will celebrate his birthday anniversary tomor-
row.

He said they were paying respect to Prem also because
HM the King had just appointed him senior statesman,
which Chawalit described as an “invaluable title”.

Wishing Prem a long life, Chawalit, air force chief + CM
| Air Chief Marshal] Woranat Aphichari, navy chief Adm
Praphat Kritsanachan and police chief Pol Gen Phao
Sarasin, handed Prem bouquets at the end of Chawalit’s
speech.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Responding to the show of respect, Prem said Chawal.t
and friends already were aware that they are more than
ordinary friends.

“We have fought side by side for national interests,” he
said.

Prem said their friendship was once again demonstrated
by their presence this morning and the bondage will be
ever-lasting.

“We belong to the same group and nothing can separate
us because all of us have the common duty towards our
motherland,” Prem said.

After the address, Prem exchanged pleasantries with
Chawalit and other well-wishers, including Armed
Forces Chief of Staff Gen Sunthon Khongsomphong, on
Miss Universe Phonthip Nakhirankanok’s return to
Thailand.

“Is she very beautiful?” asked Prem. Chawalit said she
was but he was too shy to gaze at her.

Prem stepped down from power when he turned down
an invitation from leaders of his former political part-
ners to head a coalition government after the July 24
general election.

Prem sprang the surprise after having consulted with
Chawalit and after a series of trooping into his residence
before the nationwide polls. He was reported to make up
his mind before the election.

Speculations had been persistant that Prem may make a
comeback if the Chatchai administration failed to prove
its value. But in an apparent move to appease Prem, the
Chatchai administration asked HM the King to bestow
Prem the title of statesman. Relations between Chatchai
and Chawalit are said to be excellent.

Chatchai Criticized Over Invitation to Military
BK2408021788 Bangkok THE NATION in English
19 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] Government members, Opposition MPs and a
student group launched attacks yesterday [18 August] at
Prime Minister Chatchai Chunhawan’s plan to invite
Army Commander in Chief Chawalit Yong haiyut to
attend the weekly Cabinet meetings.

Some opponents simply said the idea is unreasonable,
while others want Chatchai to clarify his proposal.

“It's funny,” said Samak Suntharawet, leader of the
Prachakon Thai Party. “Sometimes soldiers are heavily
attacked (by politicians), but sometimes they are unrea-
sonably flattered.”

Samak recounted that the military has vowed to stay
away from politics.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

“So what is all this about? I don’t think there is a spare
seat in the Cabinet room,” said Samak, a former com-
munications minister.

Prime Minister Chatchai, saying that he considers the
armed forces “part of the staff’ of his government,
suggested on Wednesday [17 August] that Chawalit
attend the weekly meetings.

Chawalit welcomed the idea and claimed the military
can provide the Cabinet with useful information con-
cerning the national security and can aid in the solving of
certain problems. He also said the military's participa-
tion will “strengthen” relations between the armed
forces and the government.

Samak said Chatchai, who also serves as defence minis-
ter, should be blamed for the controversy.

“If only he had sacrificed the (defence) portfolio to a
military man!” the outspoken Opposition leader said.

Deputy Interior Minister Trairong Suwannakhiri
declined to criticize Chatchai directly, but said any “odd
act” will damage the government's and Thailand's
images.

“We should look around and see whether the other
democratic countries are doing something like this,”
Trairong said.

Trairong said the government should consider “‘on a
case-by-case basis” whether to allow military represen-
tatives to attend Cabinet sessions.

“We are in the democratic world, so we shouldn't do odd
things which will bring more bad results than good ones.
We should be very careful,” he said.

“That is all | can say. The premier is my boss and it’s not
appropriate to give a senior a lot of advice,” Trairong
said.

Agriculture Minister Sanan Khachonprasat believes
Chatchai will consult the coalition partners before decid-
ing to go ahead with his plan.

“The coalition parties haven't yet been told of his
reasons,’ Sanan said.

Chatchai claimed that several government agencies,
including the National Security Council and the Public
Relations Department, are normally represented in the
Cabinet meetings. Therefore, he said, “having the mili-
tary represented will be nothing unusual.”

Gen Athit Kamlang-ek, leader of the opposition Phuang-
chon Chao Thai Party and former army commander in
chief, declined to comment on the issue, which he said is
“unprecedented”.

51

SOUTHEAST ASIA

“This is something I never did and is unprecedented. So
I cannot say whether it’s night or wrong,” Athit said.

Chatchai’s move prompted speculation that he is giving
in to pressure from the politically powerful military.

Anuson Thamchai, leader of Chulalongkon University’s
student union, said Chatchai invited Chawalit because
the prime munister “seems too concerned” about the
government's stability.

“As far as I know, a permanent official's duty is to carry
out policies, not making policies,” the student activist
said.

The matter also apparently confused the Opposition
parties.

Wira Musikaphong, secretary-general of the Prachachon
Party, said on Wednesday that Chatchai’s move is very
“strange”, while Piyanat Watcharaphon, secretary-gen-
eral of the Ruam Thai Party, said it “is something very
unthinkable”.

A Cabinet minister demanding anonymity on Wednes-
day described Chatchai’s move as “absurd”.

Army Officers Welcome Invitation
BK2408024588 Bangkok THE NATION in English
19 Aug 88 Afternoon edition p 2

[Text] Two senior army officers this morning welcomed
Prime Minister Chatchai Chunhawan’s invitation for the
armed forces to attend the weekly Cabinet meetings.

“We should accept the honour given to us by the prime
minister,” said Gen [General] Suchinda Khraprayun,
deputy army chief of staff.

Lt Gen [Lieutenant General] Panya Singsakda, secretary
general to the prime minister, quoted Army Commander
in Chief Gen Chawalit Yongchaiyut as saying that the
armed forces must help the government as much as it
possibly could.

Panya, who is also assistant army chief of staff, stated
that the armed forces have yet to define its role in the
Cabinet. “They may not have to attend every Cabinet
meeting,” he said.

Chatchai said on Wednesday [18 August] that he wanted
the armed forces to be represented in the weekly Cabinet
meetings. He suggested that the supreme commander
attend the meetings on behalf of the armed forces.

The idea was immediately assailed by several govern-
ment and opposition MPs who accuse Chatchai of giving
in to the military's pressure.

However, Chawalit, who ts acting supreme commander,
welcomed the idea.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

But Assistant Army Commander in Chief Gen Phichit
Kunlawanit said the pros and cons of the military’s
presence in the Cabinet meetings should be studied.

Chatchai did not say when the armed forces will actually
begin attending the weekly meetings, which are normally
limited to Cabinet members and representatives of
selected government agencies, such as the National Secu-
rity Council.

Chatchai May Withdraw Offer
BK 2408091188 Bangkok THAI RAT in Thai
20 Aug 88 p 6

[Text] Prime Minister Major General Chatchai Chunha-
wan on 19 August spoke to reporters at Government
House about opposition by several MP’s to plans to have
the commanders of the Armed Forces attend cabinet
meetings. He said that it was just an idea and the military
had agreed with it; the idea can be abandoned if most
people do not want it. Major General Chatchai said that
democracy is in full bloom and it is normal for people to
express their opinions on any issue.

The prime minister said that: ‘The idea aims to create
closer cooperation with al! government units. Civil ser-
vants from eight agencies such as the National Economic
and Social Development Board, the National Security
Council, ihe Mass Communications Authority of Thai-
land, the Public Relations Department, as well as the
National Intelligence Agency have been attending Cabi-
net meetings. There have never been military officers in
Cabinet meetings despite the fact that they have fre-
quently assisted the government, such as in cases of
drought and floods.”

Mayor General Chatchai said that he had told the Army
commander in chief that the government, military, and
civilians should cooperate more closely than in the past
because in the future soldiers will have to play a greater
role in national development and national defense.
National development is also the duty of parties. “‘Do
not misunderstand that the military will be present as
part of the cabinet; they will be present as part of the staff
of government officials, but will not vote in Cabinet
meetings,’ Maj Gen Chatchai said.

When asked how he would decide on this issue, and he
replied that he had nothing to decide since no action has
been taken. He just floated the idea with the commander
in chief who agreed that it was a good idea and in line
with the democratic system. If the people do not want it,
then it can be abandoned.

Chawalit on Military at Meetings
BK 2408085788 Bangkok SIAM RAT in Thai
23 Aug 88 p 1, 2

[Text] General Chawalit Yongchaiyut, Army com-
mander and acting supreme commander, granted an
interview on 22 August in the wake of widspread criti-
cism over moves to have the military attend cabinet

SOUTHEAST ASIA

meetings. Gen Chawalit said: This is the wish of the
government and the Army must comply. Asked whether
he felt uneasy about the move, Gen Chawalit said: We
better not talk about it as comments would be endless.
He said: “Let us make it plain. The military will not
participate in Cabinet meetings. That is all.”

Gen Chawalit added: We do not have to give reasons for
ending this controversy. It is now closed. He said that
Prime Minister Major General Chatchai Chunhawan
was sincere in his intiative which is based on his concern
for national security. If military representatives are
present at the Cabinet meeetings, they can offer the
government immediate suggestions. However, as the
move has come under broad criticism, we have to listen
to others. We have discussed the matter and come to the
conclusion that the move should be shelved. We do not
have to push for it, and there should be other rnore
suitable options.

“I would like to reiterate that the duty of the military is
to support the prime minister and his government.
Whatever the prime minister wishes, the military must
comply. Whether it is good or bad depends on the prime
minister,” Gen Chawalit said.

In an earlier interview, Gen Chawalit said that Maj Gen
Chatchai consulted with him and proposed that those
with direct responsibility for national security should be
invited to attend Cabinet meetings. He said the Cabinet
is also attended by a large number of permanent officials,
most of them in charge of development projects, so why
not invite those in charge of national security to attend
Cabinet meetings also, especially when the prime minis-
ter himself is concurrently defense minister and may
need correct information to help him make decisions.

This report has drawn strong criticism. Most people
think that the move is inappropriate.

Government Defends Cabinet Composition
BK2408013188 Bangkok THE NATION in English
19 Aug 88 p 1

[Text] The government went all-out yesterday [August
18] to counter the Opposition’s claim that the Cabinet is
unconstitutional because it has an “extra member.”

PM’s [prime minister] Office Minister Chaloem Yubam-
rung cited in a programme broadcast by every TV
channel a similar case involving the 1976 Cabinet of
former premier M.R. Seni Pramot.

The programme also featured leading academics trying
to blunt the Opposition’s move to question the constitu-
tionality of the Cabinet.

Leaders of the eight opposition parties yesterday signed
a petition to HM the King over the controversy.

Details of the petition were not disclosed.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

The Opposition claims that the Cabinet consists of 45
ministers, including Premier Chatchai Chunhawan who
serves concurrently as defence minister. The Constitu-
tion stipulates that a government must comprise “one
premier and no more than 44 persons as ministers.”

Chaloem said there are 45 “persons” in the Cabinet
(including Chatchai as premier), but 46 “positions.”

Chaloem said the Seni Cabinet had 31 persons, including
the premier, but there was then 32 ministerial positions.
Seni at that time served concurrrently as interior minister.

“The public should not be confused. The government
wants to deny the charge that the Cabinet is unconstitu-
tional,’ said Chaloem, who oversees the Mass Commu-
nications Organization of Thailand which controls TV
Channels 3 and 9.

Seni, a legal expert. said yesterday the current Cabinet is
“rightful” because “the Constitution mentions ‘persons’,
not ‘positions’.”” [quotation marks as published]

The Opposition criticized the TV programme as unfair.
“We should have been allowed to express our opinions
also,” said Piyanat Watcharaphon, secretary-general of
the Raum Thai Party.

Piyanat said the opposition parties decided to petition
the King because “it 1s our duty.”

Chaloem said during the TV programme a “dignified
politician” was also a member of the Seni Cabinet. The
minister was sarcastically referring to Prachakon Thai
leader Sam~k Suntharawet, who has been labelling the
present Cabinet as unconstitutional.

Khukrit Urged To Stop Defending Government
BK2408065588 Bangkok BANGKOK POST in English
24 Aug 88 p 2

[Excerpt] Elder statesman M.R. Khukrit Pramot
should stop defending Prime Minister Chatchai Chun-
hawan and his Government because he is making the
Opposition fee! awkward, a Ruam Thai MP said
yesterday [23 August].

M.R. Khukrit was the ‘“‘main democratic pillar’ of the
country, said Lamphun MP Saman Chomphuthep, and
he should not speak in favour of Maj-Gen [Major
General] Chatchai and his administration because the
Social Action Party he once led was a coalition partner.
[passage omitted]

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Chawalit Seeks Press Restraint on Reshuffle
BK2408034588 Bangkok BANGKOK POST in English
23 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] Acting Supreme Commander and Army com-
mander in chief Gen [General] Chawalit Yongchaiyut
yesterday [22 August] urged newspapers not to speculate
on the annual military reshuffle list, saying recent
accounts have been wrong.

Calling stories purporting to contain information on the
reshuffle of senior officers ““wrong and unfounded”’, he
said the accounts only serve to discredit the publications
in the eyes of the public.

‘Everything (on the reshuffle) that appears in the news-
papers is wrong,” he said.

Gen Chawalit said such “untrue reports” only create rifts
in the Armed Forces.

“Sometimes friends will become foes after reading such
reports,” he said.

Gen Chawalit said there are “always problems in reshuf-
fling the Armed Forces, but that’s normal”.

“The Press should not sensationalise it,” he said.

Gen Chawalit said he would be carefully overseeing the
reshuffle and added that “justice will be assured”.

He said the Air Force reshuffle list had not yet reached
him, although the Army list is finished.

Gen Chawalit confirmed that he had been visited
recently by senior Air Force officers, but said the meet-
ing was not meant to pressure him.

“They just came to tell their troubles like brother talks to
brothers,” he said.

“The Air Force is still united,” he added.

Gen Chawalit also said he agreed with the idea of
rotations after serving in posts for about two years,
especially in the commander-in-chief post.

“However, sometimes ideas can’t be put into practice,”
he said. “The post of commander-in-chief is not like
food or dessert that can be shared.”

Officials on Budget Revision, Deficit Cut
BK2408022988 Bangkok BANGKOK POST in English
24 Aug 88 pp 15, 16

[Text] The deficit for the next fiscal year will be reduced
significantly to only 1.5 percent of gross domestic prod-
uct (GDP) by the revised national budget, Budget
Bureau Director Bodi Chunnanon said yesterday.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Under a target set by the National Economic and Social
Development Board [NESDB] under the ongoing Sixth
Pian, the country’s budget deficit for next year would be
about 2.6 percent of GDP, he said.

According to PM's [Prime Minister's] Office Minister
Anuwat Watthanaphongsiri who visited the Budget
Bureau yesterday, the bureau, the Finance Ministry, the
Bank of Thailand and the NESDB have completed a
revision of the national budget set by the previous
Government for the next fiscal year beginning this
October.

Under the revised version, government expenditure
would rise from 270,000 million baht to 285,500 million
baht while revenues would increase by 32,000 million
baht from 230,500 million baht to 262,500 million baht.

The 32,000 million baht revenue increase would be
allocated in three portions. The first 6,000 million baht
will be used to increase the salaries of civil servants. This
would be in addition to 4,000 million baht which ts
needed to divert cost of living expenses into salary
expenses for civil servants.

A further 17,000 million baht would be used to pay
ahead of time the country’s debts before they mature to
Save interest payments.

Finally 9,000 million baht would be used for additional
investment purposes.

Mr Anuwat said as there has to be revision in details of
the national budget, the draft budget bill would be ready
to be submitted to Parliament on October 16 and Par-
liament would take 45 days to scrutinise it.

That means enforcement of the next budget would be
delayed from September to December.

Meanwhile, Budget Bureau Director Bodi predicted that
the increase in the size of the budget would push up the
inflation rate by about one percentage point which he
described as manageable.

The country’s fiscal position would be very good next
fiscal year which will promote national economic expan-
sion through a higher investment budget.

The budget deficit for the next fiscal year would be
reduced from the original 40,000 million baht to only
23,000 million baht due to the revisions, he said.

That means the budget deficit would fall from 2.6
percent of GDP specified in the Sixth Plan to only 1.5
percent. This deficit rate would be maintained in subse-
quent years, he added.

He said as the deficit would fall to 23,000 million baht,
the Government Savings Bank, which 1s a source of
funding for the Government, would not be affected.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Next fiscal year 17,000 million baht will be borrowed
from the bank to finance the deficit while the balance of
6,000 miilion baht wouid be borrowed from the public
through the sale of government bonds.

According to an NESDB projection based on the revised
budget, economic growth for the 1989 calendar year
would be 7 percent.

This is considered satisfactory as the country’s economic
base would be widened this year. Mr Bod: added that the
next budget would give more importance to the Green
Isan [northeast region] Project.

Khun Sa Offers Guns for Opium to Hilltribesmen
BK2408011988 Bangkok BANGKOK POST in English
24 Aug 88 p 3

[Text] Chiang Mai—Opium warlord Khun Sa and his
drug allies have encouraged Northern border hilltribes-
men to grow opium poppies for heroin factories in the
Golden Triangle.

Sources in Government anti-narcotic agencies said sev-
eral hundred automatic rifles were given to hilltribesmen
at the Thai-Burmese border in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai
and Mae Hong Son to protect opium plantations.

The villagers were asked to grow poppies and sell opium
to Khun Sa’s Muang Tai Army (also known as the Shan
United Army), sources said.

The drug producers pledged to provide protection for
villagers who joined in the poppy cultivation—provided
they keep their plantations in Burmese territory to avoid
Thai anti-narcotic authorities.

The sources said the Muang Tai Army appointed senior
members to oversee poppy cultivation by the hilltribes-
men.

It is estimated that about 20,000 rai of poppies will be
cultivated in the Northern part of the country.

The sources said the Government's tough suppression of
opium cultivation has caused growers to find new fields
in remote areas, making it more difficult for authorities
to find them.

PRC Minister Calls on Industry Minister
BK 2308160888 Bangkok ZHONG HUA RIBAO
in Chinese 23 Aug 88 p 3

[Text] Zou Jiahua, Chinese state councilor and minister
of machinery and electronic industry, who 1s leading an
8-member Chinese industry delegation on a visit to
Thailand, highly praised Thailand's success in industrial
development, saying it can serve as an example for
China's economic development. He also stressed that
China and Thailand should strengthen exchanges on this
aspect.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Minister Zou and his entourage paid a courtesy call on
Industry Minister Banhan Sinlapa-acha at the Industry
Ministry on 22 August. They were warmly welcomed by
the host. Both sides discussed and exchanged views on
the current situation. In his welcome speech, Banhan
said Thailand is trying to expand its light and heavy
industnes into rural areas, and it needs funds and
machinery to increase this development. He believed
China could provide its cooperation since it has such
materials. Banhan raised the issue with Minister Zou
that previously China had expressed a desire to partici-
pate in a joint venture in Thailand to produce (potas-
sium) in the northeast and to buy sugar from Thailand,
but there have been on further developments.

Minister Zou Jiahua said that he would inquire about the
progress of this issue. He also hoped that from now on
Chinese and Thai officials can make contact and hold
talks directly in order to avoid red tape. He will send
officials to visit Thailand and welcome Thai representa-
tives to China for direct talks. China has experience in
producing generators, drilling machines, and computers.
So, he hoped both sides can strengthen exchanges and
cooperation on this aspect. He believed the prospects for
this aspect are bright. Both sides also discussed other
cooperation and were satisfied with the results. They
believed that industnal technological exchanges between
China and Thailand will further progress.

Phichai on Political, Economic Ties With SRV
BK 2408005588 Bangkok BANGKOK POST in English
24 Aug 88 p 2

[Text] Thai-Vietnamese trade and economic ties should
be separated from political relations to facilitate more
commerce between the two countries, Deputy Prime
Minister Phichai Rattakun told a senior Vietnamese
Embassy official yesterday.

The Vietnamese charge d'affaires, Viet Tan Tran, called
on the deputy premier at Government House to discuss
his planned visit to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Mr Phichai said a visit to Vietnam could only take place
when the Kampuchean problem 1s resolved.

He said he could not visit Vietnam for the time being
because the recent peace talks in Jakarta failed to pro-
duce a settlement plan for Kampuchea.

Mr Phichai said the Thais and Vietnamese should con-
centrate on co-operation in trade, especially in fishing
joint ventures.

He said he was informed by Mr Tran that Vietnamese
Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Co Thach, who ts cur-
rently visiting Thailand, would like to meet him and
Prime Minister Chatchai Chunhawan before his depar-
ture on Friday.

Mr Phichai said such a meeting has not yet been set up.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Chatchai Adviser Discusses Foreign Policy
BK 1908062588 Bangkok THE NATION in English
19 Aug 88 p 8

{By Kawi Chongkitthawon: “Foreign Policy Views of the
PM’s Advisor—Flexibility Toward Foes, Firmness
Toward Friends]

[Text] Thailand’s foreign policy under Prime Minister
[PM] Chatchai Chunhawan will be more flexible toward
adversaries and more firm toward friends.

In an interview with THE NATION, M.R. Sukhumphan
Boriphat, the foreign policy advisor to the premier, said
Thailand’s “‘quite sucessful’ foreign policy would be
continued.

“I would go along with the general direction of Thai
foreign policy,”’ said the academic known as one of the
most ardent critics of Thai foreign policy. Sukhumphan
concurred that Thailand has succeeded in containing the
Vietnamese threat, in making foreign policy an instru-
ment of economic development, in trying to play a more
active, independent and high profile role in the interna-
tional community.

But there are certain areas where he would like to see
some improvements, especially in Thailand’s relations
with adversaries, potential adversaries and friends. Thai-
land should be more flexible with Indochina and more
firm with friends like the United States. ““We must deal
with them constructively, and from a position of
strength,” the 35-year-old advisor said.

He also played down the divergence of views between the
Foreign Ministry and himself.

“I think the possibility of my clashing with the Foreign
Ministry has been exaggerated,” he said.

He addmitted that in the past he had played only one
role, as an academic who was trying to inspire new
thinking and provide objective analysis of Thailand's

foreign policy.

“In my new role, I have to take into account the question
of feasibility. It is not feasible to formulate or implement
any policy without the Foreign Ministry,” he said.

Sukhumphan also said that he would like to meet For-
eign Ministry officials “as soon as possible.” “But the
question is whether they would meet me or not,” he said.

Sukhumphan pledged that the advisory board will act as
an “independent” source of input for policy options.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

“We have certain perspectives which are different from
the bureaucracy. What we will try to do 1s compliment
the bureaucracy, to reinforce decision-making by bring-
ing in Outside perspectives,” he said. “A good and strong
policy-making system should be an open one. If it is a
closed one, it may lack perspective.”

Sukhumphan also tried to allay fear among bureaucrats
that the advisory groups will play a prominent role or
overrule them on policy matters. “There is fear that we
might supplant the bureaucracy, that we will try to
reduce the influence of the bureaucracy. Such fear is
unfounded,” he said.

Sukhumphan said that there is a difference between
academics and _ bureaucrats in policy-making
approaches. “Academics tend to look at things in terms
of desirability too much and the question of feasibility is
secondary,” he said.

For government policy-makers, feasibility 1s the most
important element, he said, but added that occasionally
some things that are desirable but could not be done
“may be relevant to policy-makers.”

The advisory group, he said, will strike a balance
between the elements of desirability and feasibility in
order to arrive at a better policy that serves both the
public and the national interest.

“We are probably smart enou h *">w what can be
done and what cannot be done,” he said.

As for Vietnam, Sukhumphan reiterated that it is impor-
tant that the Vietnamese troops leave Kampuchea as
soon as possible.

“There is no doubt we have to live in peace with
Vietnam and try to manage and control conflicts that we
have between us and promote venues for cooperation in
all fields, with the exception of military,” he said.

There 1s also an urgent need to look at the long-term
structure of Thai-Vietnamese relations with Hanoi. The
question 1s how well we can live with Vietnam and how
we can build stronger relations, according to the young
advisor.

Vietnam's military occupation of Kampuchea should
not prevent Thailand and Vietnam from improving their
ties or holding dialogue, citing, for example, the exist-
ence of talks between the Soviet Union and the West
despite Soviet troops being stationed in Eastern Europe,
diplomatic relations between archrivals North and South
Korea, and ties between China and Taiwan.

Regarding Thailand's relations with Vietnam, he set
forth two priorities which are interconnected: To keep
the momentum of solving the Kampuchean problem
going, and come to grips with what kind of relations we
want with Vietnam in the future.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

“We cannot allow tne momentum of Kampuchea’s set-
tlement effort to decrease. A lot has been achieved in the
past eight months. We must not sit still,” Sukhumphan
said.

“But the Foreign Ministry tends to postpone the consid-
eration of ties with Vietnam to the future saying in effect
we cannot consider it until Vietnam leaves Kampu-
chea,”’ he said.

Sukhumphan stressed that Thailand has to consider this
question because “it will have an impact on what we are
trying to achieve in Kampuchea as well.”

“We have to improve our relations with Vietnam with-
out conditions. That does not mean we accept Vietnam's
occupation of Kampuchea. We should promote direct,
government approved trade relations with Vietnam
without going through third parties.”

The government can encourage this trend by providing
the psychological and operational framework for the
private sector to deal with Vietnam.

The government, he said, should continue to normalize
relations with Laos after the Ban Rom Klao battle by
trading and re-opening border checkpoints. ““Normalcy
is a great healer of wound,” he said.

To strengthen Thai-Lao relations, Sukhumphan sug-
gested the revitalization of the 1979 Joint Communique
between former Premier Kriangsak Chamanan and Lao-
tian Premier Kaysone Phomvihan. “The framework of
good relations is already there, except we have not really
paid as much attention as we should have. That's why we
neglect Laos because we think they are not as important
as they are,” he said.

Currently there are two perceptions, contradictory in
nature, governing the Thai view of Laos. One is that Laos
is a Vietnamese puppet. “Therefore, we must teach Laos
a lesson now and then for betraying the big brother,”’ he
said.

The other perception is that Thailand still thinks that it
has a possibility of winning Laos away from Vietnam,
which encourages the Thai policy makers to use “carrot
and stick” strategy. He said neither belief is true.

Sukhumphan argued that it would be foolish to think
that Thailand can win Laos from Vietnam for “Laos 1s
structured under Vietnamese control, which would be
difficult for Thailand to do.”

“That does not mean we should beat Laos on the head to
teach it a lesson.”

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

He said Laotian leaders want to have some flexibility in
dealing with Vietnam even though it cannot leave Viet-
nam’s orbit. “The only way Thailand can encourage this
trend is to conduct a good neighbourly policy,” the
advisor said.

While Thailand cannot ignore any act of Laotian aggres-
sion, Bangkok should normalize the Thai-Lao border all
the way through, encourage trade with Laos and allow
transit of goods across the border.

Asked whether Laos would try to revitalize its connec-
tion with the remanants of the Communist Party of
Thailand (CPT) as Thai authorities claim, Sukhumhan
said: “The Lao side can revive whatever they want to
revive. The CPT isa thing of the past. This day we don’t
have to fear communists. Communists have to fear us.
We have a more dynamic system. To fear communists or
communist subversion is an anachronism that must be
gotten rid of.”

Part 2 of Interview
BK2308100088 Bangkok THE NATION in English
20 Aug 88 p 8

[Second of two articles on the foreign policy views of
M.R. Sukhumphan Boriphat, director of Chulalongkon
University’s Institute of Security and International
Studies,” from an interview on 16 August with Kawi
Chongkitthawon, entitled: “Copyright Bill Will Shape
Thai-US Ties”]

[Text] Future Thai-United States relations will be deter-
mined by the new Thai government's attitude toward the
copyright issue.

“The government's stand on this issue will set the tone
on bilateral relations for years to come,” said M.R.
Sukhumphan Boriphat, the prime minister's newly-ap-
pointed foreign policy advisor.

The upcoming copyright dispute remains controversial.
The US government has been pressing Thailand to enact
protection guaranteeing international royalties and safe-
guards, and this promises to pose a great dilemma to the
Chatchai administration. Sukhumphan argued that if the
government gives in now, it will be difficult for Thailand
to deny further concessions to the US. On the other
hand, if the government 1s too tough, it may provoke a
strong US reaction.

“The government has to tread a fine line between
toughness and yielding,” he said.

This singular issue, according to the young advisor, is a
very difficult bilateral issue, but he 1s confident that the
Thai-US conflict will be restricted by the countries’
mutual security interests. “The Thai-US conflicts can be
managed in the current situation,”’ he said.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Sukhumphan pointed out that though the US 1s a super-
power, it must learn to be patient with countries such as
Thailand, where democracy will take some time to take
root. “The US is not very happy with us. They are not
used to seeing Thai MPs being recalcitrant—but they
must learn to be patient because we now have a demo-
cratic system,” he said.

“‘Democracy works very slowly as a system as the US
knows. The government cannot simply say ‘Let the
Parliament pass the law’ and lo and behold, the law is
passed. We no longer are a dictatorship. We must let our
democratic processes play themselves out. After all that’s
what the US has been wanting for a long time. And now
we have it.”

Sukhumphan said that Thailand has always taken the
United States for granted, as if the US was a big brother.
*“When a big brother wants something, it must be done,”
he said.

The only exception was when Thailand condemned the
US government's bombing raid on Libya in 1986, which
caused a great strain in the bilateral relations.

“We tend to bow too much to US demands. We should
be more firm, if possible, with the US,” the academic
said.

Although the structure of Thai-US relations is an imba-
lanced one, the US being far more powerful than Thai-
land, it does not mean that the Thais have a degree of
flexibility in dealing with the US, according to Sukhum-
phan.

“We have up to a certain limit. But we have not tried
even to recognize this limit yet,”” he said.

He cited the example of US-Philippine relations and the
trouble over the future of US bases there. “Obviously,
the talks on the bases hit a snag. It is just a review. When
the real negotiations come in !991, the problem will be
worse,” he said.

Sukhumphan said that if the US's presence in the area
continues, it is inevitable that Washington will centralize
its bases in the region. Certainly the US considers the
region crucial to its strategic interests.

“Thailand is on the list because of the infrastructure
which is in place. In general, Thai people do not have
much antipathy toward the US. Some of us may not greet
the US with open arms, but many others will,” he said.

“I am one of those selfish people \ ho wants the US to
remain in Southeast Asia but not in Thailand.”

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

It is necessary to have the US presence in Southeast Asia,
he argued, and added that there are far “too many things
which may happen to make the region less secure”’ if the
US were to abandon the region and remove its military
presence.

“It will open up oportunities for the Soviet Union to
expand, for China to expand, and it will force Japan to
expand. At the moment, the US is protecting Japan’s
economic interests. If the US is not here, Japan will have
to do that by itself.”

However, he also thinks that the US 1s on the decline.
“But the decline will not be an apocalyptic one,” he said
reassuringly.

As far as the Soviets’ role in the Asia-Pacific region is
concerned, Sukhumphan said that Moscow has turned
from “a fear” to “a fear and a respected great power’.
“That is a substantial improvement,” he said.

Thailand is not happpy with the Soviet military presence
in the region. But it 1s beginning to pay more attention to
the Soviet Union because it has assumed an active and
positive role in the region in the past few years.

“The current attitude of the Soviet Union will not
change for some time. It 1s a feared and respected great
power,” he said.

The academic said it would be difficult for the Soviet
Union to cooperate with Thailand militarily. “Sino-Thai
military cooperation developed during the period when
Thailand faced an immediate danger. Where the Soviet
Union is concerned, there is no immediate threat to
force Thailand and Soviet Union to have military ties,”
he said.

Referring to Thai-Chinese relations, Sukhumphan said
they are too close “to make me feel comfortable”.

Given the intimate relations, Thailand should be more
firm with China, especially over the Kampuchean issue.
“The problem with China is that the Kampuchean
conflict is not at its doorstep. It is at ours. Therefore the
risk for China is considerably less than Thailand faces. If
we feel that we should be more flexible, we should tell
China so and we should attempt to persuade China to be
more flexible as well.”

Sukhumphan said the Thai leaders’ perspectives and
interests have prevented Thailand from being firm with
China

Furthermore, closer Thai-Chinese ties also stem from a
basic Thai defensive need to improve its logistical capa-
bilities, which China can help supply. “China can pro-
vide us with cheaper and less sophisticated weapons. But
the socialist countries cannot replace the West as source
of sophisticated weapons,” he said.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

The idea of establishing a Chinese war reserve stockpile
in Thailand is to satisfy the perception among Thai
military leaders of a Vietnamese threat, which could in
the long term strain relations between Thailand and
other ASEAN members, such as Indonesia and Malaysia.

As a result, regarding the defence policy, there will be a
“dual track” policy toward China.

“Where military cooperation is concerned, we allow that
to develop because the government cannot do otherwise.
The military wants it, they get it. If the military think
that our defence systems require such form of coopera-
tion with Chia, then that must be so.”

Politically and diplomatically, he said, Thailand must be
more independent vis-a-vis China, especially on the
minor matters like the Dalai Lama. Thailand refused to
issue a visa to the Dalai Lama for a visit last year, and
this action drew strong protests from student activists,
peace groups and Buddhist monks.

“When considering our relations with China we must
take into consideration our ASEAN neighbours,” he
said.

Asked whether Thailand should be concerned with the
possibility of a Japanese defence build-up, Sukhumphan
said that there is no concern yet with Japanese defence
increases because Japan faces the Soviet Union. “Jap-
anese military power should be judged not in the rela-
tionship with the rest of ASEAN’s military capabilities,
but in the context of the Soviet military capability.
Japan's military capability is very low.”

As long as the US maintains its presence in the region,
limited growth of Japanese defence and increase and
extention of Japan's sealane patrols are not dangerous,
he said.

On ASEAN, he said that after the Kampuchean problem
is settled, “ASEAN will continue to be accustomed to
help its members to manage and resolve conflicts among
one another as in the past. In the future, it will continue
to play this role.”

In terms of international diplomacy, ASEAN coopera-
tion has enabled the members to sustain a bargaining
position which it would forfeit if it were to act separately.

He said the relations among the six countnes have
developed to a point that they can mse above such
traditional conflicts such as in Sabah. “ASEAN will be
able to continue to do this—to manage or resolve con-
flicts among us, with or without Kampuchea,” Sukhum-
phan said.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

Asked whether the closer ASEAN cooperation would
result in the formation of a military alliance, the young
advisor said there should not be “quantitative change”
in military cooperation among ASEAN, though there
might be incremental changes.

““ASEAN should not become a military pact or alliance
because we can polarize the region. We want to heal the
conflicts, the wounds of war.”

But there are some areas in defence cooperation that
ASEAN members can help one another. He said that if
Singapore has an early warning system, then Singapore
could share its information with Thailand’s air force,
which in turn, would greatly aid its security.

“Greater cooperation in patrolling ASEAN’s coastlines
and joint manufacture of weapons should be done. These
actions represent incremental changes,’ Sukhumphan
said.

Vietnam

NHAN DAN Article Analyzes U.S. Election
BK2308104588 Hanoi Domestic Service in Vietnamese
1430 GMT 20 Aug 88

{Le Ba Thuyen article in “recent issue’ of NHAN DAN:
“The Race to the White House Enters a Crucial Stage”’]

[Text] The Republican Party convention closed in New
Orleans on 18 August after approving a ticket compris-
ing incumbent Vice President Bush and Senator Quayle
of Indiana as Republican presidential and vice presiden-
tial candidates in the November 1988 general election.
Earlier, the Democratic Party convention, held in
Atlanta in July, appointed Massachusetts Governor
Dukakis and Texas Senator Bentsen as Democratic run-
ners for the presidency and vice presidency respectively.
The US. presidential election campaign has thus ended
its first stage—that of intraparty primaries that took
place from February to mid-August this year—and has
shifted to its second stage—-that of the formal contest
between the two biggest bourgeois parties—which will
last from now until 8 November 1988.

Running in his capacity as an incumbent leader extolled
by President Reagan as the best vice president in Amer-
ican history, wielding considerable power that may be
used to manipulate the administrative apparatus for
self-publicity, and having at his disposal a campaign
fund 50 percent larger than his Democratic rival’s—
these are the advantages Bush enjoys over Dukakis. Mr
Bush cleverly capitalized on a number of results of the
Reagan administration’s economic policy—such as its
relatively steady economic restructuring and develop-
ment—and exploited the signing of the U.S.-Soviet
treaty on the elimination of medium- and shorter-range
missiles, the INF treaty, to portray himself as a clear-
sighted and practical man in an effort to win over large

SOUTHEAST ASIA

numbers of voters. At the same time, he declared con-
tinued support for U.S. rearmament and the SDI Star
Wars program, to secure the backing of the powerful
military-industrial compiex.

However, Bush and the Republican Party are encounter-
ing great difficulties that their rivals will not fail to
exploit. Just as in previous elections, this year U.S.
voters are paying special attention to domestic socioeco-
nomic issues, because these questions are closely related
to their daily lives. In its 30,000-word platform, the
Republican Party still advocates the continuation of
Reaganomics, calls for a strong U.S. national defense,
and supports the U.S. militarization and SDI programs.
Meanwhile, the broad masses of U.S. voters have real-
ized ever more clearly that Reaganomics is a dou-
ble-edged sword. Under this policy, to secure sufficient
capital for achieving economic restructuring and devel-
opment, the Reagan administration advocates seeking
loans at home and abroad, turning the United States—
the world’s biggest creditor when Mr Reagan first
entered the White House—into the world’s biggest
debtor. As Reagan prepares to leave the White House,
U.S. foreign debts have shot up to $600 billion.

In addition to these great difficulties, Bush is also
regarded as a man who is too closely identified with
Reagan’s policies over the past 8 years, who plays only a
vacuous role in the White House, and who is suspected
by public opinion of involvement in a number of scan-
dals—especially the Iran-Contragate affair. Being a
former director of the CIA is also considered a liability
for Bush, because many U.S. voters loath this notori-
ously scheming organization. Recently, Bush tried to
distance himself a little from Reagan by fashioning a
seven-point framework for the formulation of a U.S.
policy for the next decade, in the hope of making voters
see him not as a shadow of Reagan but as a man with an
independent stance.

Exploiting the socioeconomic difficulties and shortcom-
ings of the Republican administration over the past 8
years, the Democratic Party put forth a platform advo-
cating the restoration of potentials and the revival of
hope. This 4,500-word document, the shortest electoral
platform in the past half century, calls for a complete
change from the Reagan administration’s moribund
economy, makeshift policies, financial irresponsibility,
and use of economic violence against the poor and
working people.

Dukakis’ promise to set aside more money for social
welfare projects than for military spending has won the
support of many voters. In foreign affairs, the Demo-
cratic stand differs somewhat from the Republican plat-
form in some cpecific issues, but both parties have no
choice bu. to follow the current trend for detente in the
world by advocating a reduction of overseas military

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

commitments, strategic disarmament through negotia-
tions, and settlement of global and regional issues. How-
ever, they still maintain the outdated formula of negoti-
ating from a position of strength and standing ready to
use force when necessary to carry out major U.S. security
commitments. Generally speaking, both parties’ plat-
forms do not prescribe any miraculous cure for the
chronic ailments of the United States and the disastrous
effects of Reaganomics.

The Democratic Party’s selection of Massachusetts Gov-
ernor Dukakis as its presidential candidate shows that
the middle-aged generation’s pragmatic tendency has
gained the upper hand in the Democratic ranks. Dukakis
belongs to the capitalist coterie of the American North-
east—the cradle of liberals in the early sixties, the time of
John Kennedy—and represents the realistic 40-year-old
generation that entered politics at the time the United
States suffered its historic defeat in the war of aggression
against Vietnam.

A two-time governor of one of the most economically
prosperous states, Dukakis is regarded as an extraordi-
narily talented intellect and a capable manager, repre-
senting the new middle class who want to see reforms
that accord with their interests and those of many other
classes in America. Dukakis’ choice of Senator Bentsen
from the southern state of Texas as his running mate is
considered a smart move, a marriage between the liber-
als and conservatives in the Democratic Party, and a
close geopolitical coordination between the North and
South. In so doing, Dukakis hopes to counterattack Bush
in the Southern states, the incumbent vice president's
traditional power base. He has also won the support of
black civil rights ieader Jackson—who played a promi-
nent role in ihe recent primaries—and through Jackson,
the backing of the black community—which accounts for
12 percent of the total American population—and a
large mass of white voters comprising workers, ranch
owners, and the middle class.

Many have said that they will vote for Dukakis and the
Democratic Party for the sole reason of their disappoint-
ment with Bush and the Republican Party. But numer-
ous conservative, warmongering forces in America still
want to throw their weight behind Reagan's policy—of
which Bush is the heir—and root for another Republican
administration.

Neither contender in this presidential race holds a clear
edge over his rival, and the outcome may be very close.
But no matter who wins the White House—whether he is
the man of the elephant or the donkey party—he will
have to cope with enormous difficulties left behind by
the Reagan administration's policies. This is a heavy
task that many believe the next president can hardly
tackle during his term of office.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

PRK Achievements Since ‘Liberation’ Viewed
BK2308151988 Hanoi International Service
in English 1000 GMT 23 Aug 88

(“Report on the achievements of the Kampuchean peo-
ple since liberation”)

[Text] Foreign newsmen who have visited Kampuchea
since its liberation all used the word “wonderful” to
describe the rebirth of that country. It does not mean
that Kampuchea is already powerful and prosperous.
Numerous difficulties and hardships still lie ahead, but
what has been achieved by the Kampuchean people since
liberation is really wonderful as compared with condi-
tions under the Pol Pot regime.

It is still fresh in people’s mind that in only 4 years in
power, the Pol Pot clique turned Kampuchea into a giant
hell on earth, massacred more than 3 million Kampu-
cheans, destroyed all technical establishments and the
national economy and natural resources. Agricultural
production in particular declined drastically. The Kam-
puchean people are now embarking on the 5-year eco-
nomic program, 1986-90, to restore and boost socioeco-
nomic development with four targets: food, rubber,
wood, and aquatic products. At present, the per capita
food output in Kampuchea reaches 300 kg. Since early
August, Kampuchean farmers have put 570,000 hectares
of land under monsoon-season rice, the major food crop
in the year, 260,000 hectares more than in the same
season last year. In 1988, Kampuchea produced 25,000
tonnes of crepe and extracted 160,000 cubic meters of
timber, a 30 percent increase over 1986. In the 1987-88
fishing season, Kampuchean fishermen caught nearly
70,000 tonnes, 10,000 tonnes more than last year.

Together with these economic achievements, the PRK
has won many successes in political, military, and dip-
lomatic fields. In 1981, Kampuchea conducted free and
democratic elections to perfect the administration. The
victory in the 1984-85 dry season of the Kampuchean
Army with the help of Vietnamese Army volunteers
partly foiled the hostile forces’ attempt to turn the tide in
the country. The Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary
Army has rapidly grown up, with many regular army
brigades and a number of units of regional army and
self-defense forces in various localities.

This growth has made possible several partial withdraw-
als of Vietnamese Army volunteers from Kampuchea
since 1982. On 30 June, the command of the Vietnamese
Army volunteers in Kampuchea also left for home. This
event, together with the recent seventh partial with-
drawal of Vietnamese Army volunteers from Kampu-
chea with 50,000 troops, demonstrates the goodwill of
the SRV and the PRK in promoting the process of
finding political solution to the Kampuchea issue. On
this occasion, President Heng Samrin said: The Kampu-
chean People’s Armed Forces, with the support of the
people, are capable of defending the revolutionary gains.

FBIS-EAS-88-164
24 August 1988

With its foreign policy of peace, friendship, and cooper-
ation, the PRK has seen its prestige rising in the inter-
national arena. By now, it has established relations with
40 countries and movements for national liberation. The
results of the Jakarta Informal Meeting in late July help
enhance the international role and position of the PRK.
The seven-point position advanced by Chairman of the
Council of Ministers Hun Sen on 25 July at this meeting
has won worldwide support and approval. The interna-
tional conference on national reconciliation in Kampu-
chea and dialogue and cooperation in Southeast Asia
held in Phnom Penh in early August issued a commun!-
que totally supporting Kampuchea’s seven-point posi-
tion. Following the Jakarta informal meeting, the world
public has acknowledged Kampuchea’s goodwill in seek-
ing a political solution to the Kampuchea issue. From
these achievements, Kampuchea is steadily moving for-
ward. That is an undeniable fact.

Party-State Delegation Completes Visit to Congo
BK2308160388 Hanoi VNA in English
1532 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] Hanoi VNA August 23—Vietnamese party and
state delegation led by Nguyen Viet Dung, general sec-
retary of the State Council and special envoy of the
council's president, attended the celebrations of the 25th
revolution day of the People’s Republic of the Congo
held from August 13-15.

The delegation was received by Denis Sassou-Nguesso,
president of the Congolese Party of Labour and presi-
dent of the Republic. Vietnamese Ambassador to Congo
Bui Van Thanh was also present at the reception.

Nguyen Viet Dung conveyed to the Congolese president
a letter from State Council President Vo Chi Cong,
which affirmed Vietnam's solidarity and friendship with
the Congolese people and conveyed warm greetings from
the Vietnaese party and state leaders to their Congolese
counterparts. He reported to the Congolese president on
Vietnam’s situation and its foreign policy at present.

President Denis Sassou-Nguesso asked the delegation to
convey his thanks to the Vietnamese party and state
leaders for sending a delegation to attend the celebra-
tions of Congo's independence day, describing this as a
fine expression of the traditional friendship and solidar-
ity between ithe two peoples.

He recalled the active mutual support shared by the two
peoples in their common revolutionary struggle, and
expressed his gratitude to the Vietnamese party, Govern-
ment and people for sending industrious and qualified
experts to Congo.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

The president said: “We fully support the Vietnamese
party and state’s political line and Vietnam's efforts for
peace and for strengthening the forces of socialism. We
also favour the improvement of relations between Viet-
nam and China”.

The delegation attended the festivities in Brazzaville and
granted an interview to Congolese television on the
“three glorious days” of the Congolese revolution and on
the solidarity between the two peoples.

It left Brazzaville for home on August 19.

Do Muoi Sends Message of Sympathy to India
BK2308153888 Hanoi VNA in English
1530 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] Hanoi VNA August 23—Do Muoi, chairman of
the Council of Ministers, today extended his deep sym-
pathy to Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi over the
extensive material and human losses caused by a power-
ful earthquake in Bihar State and its vicinity.

In his message, Chairman Do Muo)i also expressed his
hope that with the care and timely relief measures taken
by the Indian prime minister and his government, the
people in the affected region will soon overcome all
difficulties in bringing their life and production back to
normal.

Press Draft Law Made Public for Discussion
BK2308161888 Hanoi VNA in English
1523 GMT 23 Aug 88

[Text] Hanoi VNA 23 Aug—A press conference was
jointly sponsored here this morning by the Ministry of
Information and the Secretariat of the Vietnam Journal-
ists’ Association (V.J.A) to make public a draft law of the
press.

Among those present were Tran Hoan, member of the
Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee and
minister of information, Hong Chuong, president of the
V.J.A; and representatives of the party’s Commission for
Education and Training and of the Mass Media.

Phan Quang, director of the “Voice of Vietnam” Radio
ond head of the Board for Drafting the Law of the Press,
s,oke of the necessity to promulgate a law of the press in
th present revolutionary situation. He presented the
content of the draft, the fourth one made so far, so that
mediamen may discuss and complement it before sub-
mitting it to the National Assembly and the State Coun-
cil for approval.

END OF
FICHE
DATE FILMED

Hy