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2016 CAIIFORNIA
RESIDENTIAI CODE

CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS
TITLE 24, PART 2.5

on the £015 Intemdtiensl Resrdenlial Code*

#l!^|

California Bjilding Standards Commission

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Act now to keep your code up-to-date.
The purchase of this code includes a
free subscription for all State-issued
supplements and errata. To receive
these important updates through
2019, you MUST register online
www.iccsafe.org/CAL16

2m CAIIFORNIA
REStDENTlAi CODE

CALIFORNI^ODE OF REGULATIO
TITLE 24, PART 2.5

Based on the 2015 International Residential Code'

California Building Standards Commission

INTERNATIONAL
CODE COUNCIL*

Effective January 1, 2017

For Errata and Supplement effective
dates see the History Note Appendix

2016 California Residential Code
California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 2.5

First Printing: July 2016

ISBN: 978-1-60983-656-6

Published by

International Code Council

500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor
Washington, D.C. 20001
1-888-422-7233

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2016 California Residential Code contains substantial copyrighted material from the 2015
International Residential Code, Second printing, and the 2012 International Residential Code, which is a copyrighted work
owned by the International Code Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this
book may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, opti-
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Trademarks: “International Code Council,” the “International Code Council” logo and the “International Residential Code” are
trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc.

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

PREFACE

This document is Part 2.5 of thirteen parts of the official triennial compilation and publication of the adoptions, amendments and
repeal of administrative regulations to California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Stan-
dards Code. This part is known as the California Residential Code.

The California Building Standards Code is published in its entirety every three years by order of the California legislature, with
supplements published in intervening years. The California legislature delegated authority to various state agencies, boards,
commissions and departments to create building regulations to implement the State’s statutes. These building regulations, or
standards, have the same force of law, and take effect 180 days after their publication unless otherwise stipulated. The California
Building Standards Code applies to occupancies in the State of California as annotated.

A city, county, or city and county may establish more restrictive building standards reasonably necessary because of local
climatic, geological or topographical conditions. Findings of the local condition(s) and the adopted local building standard(s)
must be filed with the California Building Standards Commission to become effective and may not be effective sooner than the
effective date of this edition of the California Building Standards Code. Local building standards that were adopted and
applicable to previous editions of the California Building Standards Code do not apply to this edition without appropriate
adoption and the required filing.

Should you find publication (e.g., typographical) errors or inconsistencies in this code or wish to offer comments toward
improving its format, please address your comments to:

California Building Standards Commission
2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130
Sacramento, CA 95833-2936

Phone: (916) 263-0916
Email: cbsc@dgs.ca.gov

Web page: www.bsc.ca.gov

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The 2016 California Building Standards Code (Code) was developed through the outstanding collaborative efforts of the
Department of Housing and Community Development, Division of State Architect, Office of the State Fire Marshal, Office of
Statewide Health Planning and Development, California Energy Commission, California Department of Public Health, Califor-
nia State Lands Commission, Board of State and Community Corrections, and the California Building Standards Commission
(Commission).

This collaborative effort included the assistance of the Commission’s Code Advisory Committees and many other volunteers
who worked tirelessly to assist the Commission in the production of this Code.

Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr.

Members of the California Building Standards Commission

Secretary Marybel Batjer - Chair
Steven Winkel - Vice-Chair

Raj Patel D. Malcolm Carson

Elley Klausbruckner Cheryl Roberts

Larry Booth Erick Mikiten

James Barthman Kent Sasaki

Peter Santillan

Jim McGowan — Executive Director
Michael L. Nearman - Deputy Executive Director

For questions on California state agency amendments, please refer to the contact list on page iv.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS, TITLE 24

California Agency Information Contact List

Board of State and Community Corrections

www.bscc.ca.gov (916) 445-5073

Local Adult Jail Standards
Local Juvenile Facility Standards

California Building Standards Commission

www.bsc.ca.gov (916) 263-0916

California Energy Commission

www.energy.ca.gov Energy Hotline (800) 772-3300

Building Efficiency Standards
Appliance Efficiency Standards
Compliance Manual/Forms

California State Lands Commission

www.slc.ca.gov (562) 499-6312

Marine Oil Terminals

California State Library

www.library.ca.gov (916) 653-5217

Department of Housing and Community Development

www.hcd.ca.gov (916) 445-9471

Residential — Hotels, Motels, Apartments,
Single-Family Dwellings; and
Permanent Structures in Mobilehome &
Special Occupancy Parks

(916) 445-3338

Factory-Built Housing, Manufactured Housing &
Commercial Modular

Mobilehome — Permits & Inspections
Northern Region-(916) 255-2501
Southern Region-(951) 782-4420

(916) 445-9471
Employee Housing Standards

Department of Public Health

www.dph.ca.gov (916) 449-5661

Organized Camps Standards
Public Swimming Pools Standards

Department of Consumer Affairs:

Acupuncture Board

www.acupuncture.ca.gov (916) 515-5200

Office Standards

Board of Pharmacy

www.pharmacy.ca.gov (916) 574-7900

Pharmacy Standards

Bureau of Bartering and Cosmetology

www.barbercosmo.ca.gov (800) 952-5210

Barber and Beauty Shop,
and College Standards

Bureau of Electronic and Appliance Repair,

Home Eurnishings and Thermal Insulation

www.bearhfti.ca.gov (916) 999-2041

Insulation Testing Standards

Structural Pest Control Board

www.pestboard.ca.gov (800) 737-8188

Structural Standards

Veterinary Medical Board

www.vmb.ca.gov (916) 515-5220

Veterinary Hospital Standards

Division of the State Architect

WWW. dgs. ca.gov/dsa (916) 445-8100

Access Complianee
Eire and Life Safety
Structural Safety

Public Schools Standards
Essential Services Building Standards
Community College Standards

State Historical Building Safety Board

Alternative Building Standards

Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development

www.oshpd.ca.gov (916) 440-8356

Hospital Standards
Skilled Nursing Facility Standards &
Clinic Standards

Permits (916) 654-3362

Office of the State Fire Marshal

osfm.fire.ca.gov (916) 445-8200

Department of Food and Agriculture

WWW. cdfa. ca.gov

Meat & Poultry Packing Plant Standards

Rendering & Collection Standards (916) 900-5004

Dairy Standards (916) 900-5008

Code Development and Analysis
Fire Safety Standards

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

How to Distinguish Between Modei Code Language

and

Catifornia Amendments

To distinguish between model code language and the incorporated California amendments, including exclusive California stan-
dards, California amendments will appear in italics.

[BSC] This is an example of a state agency acronym used to identify an adoption or amendment by the agency. The acronyms
will appear at California Amendments and in the Matrix Adoption Tables. Sections 1.2 through 1.14 in Chapter 1, Division 1 of
this code, explain the used acronyms, the application of state agency adoptions to building occupancies or building features, the
enforcement agency as designated by state law (may be the state adopting agency or local building or fire official), the authority
in state law for the state agency to make the adoption, and the specific state law being implemented by the agency’s adoption.
The following acronyms are used in Title 24 to identify the state adopting agency making an adoption.

Legend of Acronyms of Adopting State Agencies

BSC California Building Standards Commission (see Section 1.2)

BSC-CG California Building Standards Commission-CALGreen (see Section 1.22)

BSCC Board of State and Community Corrections (see Section 1.3)

SFM Office of the State Fire Marshal (see Section 1.11)

HCD 1 Department of Housing and Community Development (see Section 1.8.2. 1.1 )

HCD 2 Department of Housing and Community Development (see Section 1.8.2. 1.3)

HCD 1/AC Department of Housing and Community Development (see Section 1.8.2. 1.2)

DSA-AC Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance (see Section 1.9.1)

DSA-SS Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety (see Section 1.9.2)

DSA-SS/CC Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety/Community Colleges
(see Section 1.9. 2. 2)

OSHPD 1 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.1 )

OSHPD 2 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.2)

OSHPD 3 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.3)

OSHPD 4 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (see Section 1.10.4)

DPH Department of Public Health (see Section 1.7)

AGR Department of Food and Agriculture ( see Section 1.6)

CEC California Energy Commission (see Section 100 in Part 2, the California Energy Code)

CA Department of Consumer Affairs (see Section 1.6):

Board of Barbering and Cosmetology
Board of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine
Board of Pharmacy
Acupuncture Board
Bureau of Home Furnishings
Structural Pest Control Board

SL State Library (see Section 1.12)

SEC State Lands Commission (see Section 1.14)

DWR Department of Water Resources (see Section 1.12 of Chapter 1 of the California

Plumbing Code in Part 2 of Title 24)

The state agencies are available to answer questions about their adoptions. Contact information is provided on page iv of this
code.

To learn more about the use of this code refer to pages vii and viii. Training materials on the application and use of this code are
available at the website of the California Building Standards Commission www.bsc.ca.gov.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

California Matrix Adoption Tables

Format of the California Matrix Adoption Tables

The matrix adoption tables, examples of which follow, are non-regulatory aids intended to show the user which state agencies
have adopted and/or amended given sections of the model code. An agency's statutory authority for certain occupancies or build-
ing applications determines which chapter or section may be adopted, repealed, amended or added. See Chapter 1, Division I,
Sections 1.2 through 1.14 for agency authority, building applications and enforcement responsibilities.

The side headings identify the scope of state agencies’ adoption as follows:

Adopt the entire IRC chapter without state amendments.

If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row; this means that particular state agency has adopted the
entire model code chapter without any state amendments.

Example:

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE-MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

(Matrix Adoption Tabies are non-reguiatory, intended oniy as an aid to the user.

See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and buiiding appiioations.)

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

SLC

1-AC

ss/cc

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter/Section

Adopt the entire IRC chapter as amended, state-amended sections are listed below:

If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the
entire model code chapter; with state amendments.

Each state-amended section that the agency has added to that particular chapter is listed. There will be an “X” in the column,
by that particular section, under the agency’s acronym, as well as an “X” by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

SLC

1-AC

ss/cc

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter 1

202

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

vii

Adopt only those sections that are listed below:

If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency is adopting only
specific model code or state-amended sections within this chapter. There will be an “X” in the column under the agency’s
acronym, as well as an “X” by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

SLC

1-AC

ss/cc

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections iisted beiow)

Adopt oniy those sections
that are iisted beiow

Chapter 1

202

203

viii

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Marginal Markings

This symbol indicates that a change has been made to a California amendment.

> This symbol indicates deletion of California amendment language.

This symbol indicates that a change has been made to International Code Council model language.

• This symbol indicates deletion of International Code Council model language.

Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the
requirements of the 2012 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow (^) are provided in
the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in a
list of items or a table has been deleted.

Symbols in the margin indicate the status of code changes as follows:

A single asterisk [*] placed in the margin indicates that text or a table has been relocated within
the code. A double asterisk [**] placed in the margin indicates that the text or table immediately
following it has been relocated there from elsewhere in the code. The following table indicates such
relocations in the 2015 edition of the International Residential Code.

2015 LOCATION

2012 LOCATION

R302.13

R501.3

R403.1.3.4

R403.1.4.2

R404.1.1

R404.1.3

R502.2.2

R502.1.2

Tables R602.7(l) and (2)

Tables R502.5(l) and (2)

P2902.3.7

P2905.4.1

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Maintenance

The International Residential Code is kept up-to-date through the review of proposed changes sub-
mitted by code enforcing officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other inter-
ested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code development
process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.

The contents of this work are subject to change both through the code development cycles and
the governmental body that enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the code
development process, contact the Codes and Standards Development Department of the Interna-
tional Code Council.

The maintenance process for the fuel gas provisions is based upon the process used to maintain
the International Fuel Gas Code, in conjunction with the American Gas Association. The mainte-
nance process for the electrical provisions is undertaken by the National Fire Protection Association.

While the development procedure of the International Residential Code ensures the highest degree
of care, ICC, the founding members of ICC, its members and those participating in the development
of this code do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provi-
sions because ICC and its founding members do not have the power or authority to police or
enforce compliance with the contents of this code. Only the governmental body that enacts the
code into law has such authority.

Code Development Committee Responsibilities
(Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers)

In each code development cycle, proposed changes to the code are considered at the Committee
Action Flearings by the applicable International Code Development Committee as follows:

[RB] = IRC— Building Code Development Committee

[RE] = Residential Energy Code Development Committee

[RMP] = IRC— Mechanical/Plumbing Code Development Committee

The [RE] committee is also responsible for the lECC— Residential Provisions.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

For the development of the 2018 edition of the l-Codes, there will be three groups of code devel-
opment committees and they will meet in separate years. Note that these are tentative groups.

Group A Codes

(Heard in 2015, Code Change Proposals
Deadline: January 12, 2015)

Group B Codes

(Heard in 2016, Code Change Proposals
Deadline: January 11, 2016)

Group C Codes

(Heard in 2017, Code Change Proposals
Deadline: January 11, 2017)

International Building Code

- Fire Safety (Chapters 7, 8, 9, 14, 26)

- Means of Egress
(Chapters 10, 11, Appendix E)

- General (Chapters 2-6, 12, 27-33,
Appendices A, B, C, D, K)

Administrative Provisions (Chapter 1 all
codes except the IRC and lECC, adminis-
trative updates to currently referenced
standards, and designated definitions)

International Green Construction Code

International Fuel Gas Code

International Building Code
- Structural

(Chapters 15-25, Appendices F, G,
H, 1, J, L, M)

International Existing Building Code

International Energy Conservation Code

International Mechanical Code

International Fire Code

International Plumbing Code

International Residential Code

- IRC-Building (Chapters 1, 3-10,
Appendices E, F, FI, J, K, L, M,
0, R, S,T, U)

International Private Sewage
Disposal Code

International Wildland-Urban Interface
Code

International Property Maintenance
Code

International Residential Code

- IRC-Mechanical (Chapters 12-24)

- IRC-Plumbing

(Chapters 25-33, Appendices G, 1, N, P)

International Swimming Pool and Spa
Code

International Zoning Code

Note: Proposed changes to the ICC Performance Code will be heard by the code development committee noted in brackets [ ]
in the text of the code.

Code change proposals submitted to Chapters 1 and 3 through 10, Appendices E, F, FI, J, K, L, M,
0, R, S, T, U and Definitions designated [RB] of the International Residential Code are heard by the
IRC— Building Committee during the Group B (2016) cycle code development hearing. Proposed
changes to all other chapters are heard by the IRC Plumbing and Mechanical Committee during the
Group A (2015) code development cycle.

It is very important that anyone submitting code change proposals understand which code devel-
opment committee is responsible for the section of the code that is the subject of the code change
proposal. For further information on the code development committee responsibilities, please visit
the ICC web site at www.iccsafe.org/scoping.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE
INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE

Effective Use of the International Residential Code

The International Residential Code* (IRC®) was created to serve as a complete, comprehensive code
regulating the construction of single-family houses, two-family houses (duplexes) and buildings con-
sisting of three or more townhouse units. All buildings within the scope of the IRC are limited to
three stories above grade plane. For example, a four-story single-family house would fall within the
scope of the International Building Code® (IBC®), not the IRC. The benefits of devoting a separate
code to residential construction include the fact that the user need not navigate through a multi-
tude of code provisions that do not apply to residential construction in order to locate that which is
applicable. A separate code also allows for residential and nonresidential code provisions to be dis-
tinct and tailored to the structures that fall within the appropriate code's scopes.

The IRC contains coverage for all components of a house or townhouse, including structural com-
ponents, fireplaces and chimneys, thermal insulation, mechanical systems, fuel gas systems, plumb-
ing systems and electrical systems.

The IRC is a prescriptive-oriented (specification) code with some examples of performance code
language. It has been said that the IRC is the complete cookbook for residential construction. Sec-
tion R301.1, for example, is written in performance language, but states that the prescriptive
requirements of the code will achieve such performance.

It is important to understand that the IRC contains coverage for what is conventional and com-
mon in residential construction practice. While the IRC will provide all of the needed coverage for
most residential construction, it might not address construction practices and systems that are
atypical or rarely encountered in the industry. Sections such as R301.1.3, R301.2.2.1.1, R320.1,
M1301.1, G2401.1 and P2601.1 refer to other codes either as an alternative to the provisions of the
IRC or where the IRC lacks coverage for a particular type of structure, design, system, appliance or
method of construction. In other words, the IRC is meant to be all inclusive for typical residential
construction and it relies on other codes only where alternatives are desired or where the code
lacks coverage for the uncommon aspect of residential construction. Of course, the IRC constantly
evolves to address new technologies and construction practices that were once uncommon, but
now common.

The IRC is unique in that much of it, including Chapters 3 through 9 and Chapters 34 through 43,
is presented in an ordered format that is consistent with the normal progression of construction,
starting with the design phase and continuing through the final trim-out phase. This is consistent
with the "cookbook" philosophy of the IRC.

The IRC is divided into eight main parts, specifically. Part I— Administration, Part II— Definitions,
Part III— Building Planning and Construction, Part IV— Energy Conservation, Part V— Mechanical,
Part VI— Fuel Gas, Part VII— Plumbing and Part VIII— Electrical.

The following provides a brief description of the content of each chapter and appendix of the
IRC:

Chapter 1 Scope and Administration. This chapter contains provisions for the application,
enforcement and administration of subsequent requirements of the code. In addition to establish-
ing the scope of the code. Chapter 1 identifies which buildings and structures come under its pur-
view. Chapter 1 is largely concerned with maintaining "due process of law" in enforcing the building
criteria contained in the body of the code. Only through careful observation of the administrative
provisions can the building official reasonably expect to demonstrate that "equal protection under
the law" has been provided.

Chapter 2 Definitions. Terms defined in the code are listed alphabetically in Chapter 2. It is
important to note that two chapters have their own definitions sections: Chapter 24 for the defined
terms that are unique to fuel gas and Chapter 35 containing terms that are applicable to electrical
Chapters 34 through 43. In the case where Chapter 2 and another chapter both define the same
term differently, the definition found in Chapter 24 and/or 35 is intended to prevail where the term

xii 2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

is used in Chapter 24 and/or 35 and the definition contained in Chapter 2 is intended to prevail
where the term is used in all other locations in the code. Except where Chapter 24 or 35 has a defi-
nition that will prevail therein, the definitions in Chapter 2 are applicable throughout the code.

Where understanding a term's definition is key to or necessary for understanding a particular
code provision, the term is shown in italics where it appears in the code. This is true only for those
terms that have a meaning that is unique to the code. In other words, the generally understood
meaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning prescribed by
the code; therefore, it is essential that the code-defined meaning be known.

Guidance regarding not only tense, gender and plurality of defined terms, but also terms not
defined in this code, is provided.

Chapter 3 Building Planning. Chapter 3 provides guidelines for a minimum level of structural
integrity, life safety, fire safety and livability for inhabitants of dwelling units regulated by this code.
Chapter 3 is a compilation of the code requirements specific to the building planning sector of the
design and construction process. This chapter sets forth code requirements dealing with light, venti-
lation, sanitation, minimum room size, ceiling height and environmental comfort. Chapter 3 estab-
lishes life-safety provisions including limitations on glazing used in hazardous areas, specifications
on stairways, use of guards at elevated surfaces, window and fall protection, and rules for means of
egress. Snow, wind and seismic design live and dead loads and flood-resistant construction, as well
as solar energy systems, and swimming pools, spas and hot tubs, are addressed in this chapter.

Chapter 4 Foundations. Chapter 4 provides the requirements for the design and construction of
foundation systems for buildings regulated by this code. Provisions for seismic load, flood load and
frost protection are contained in this chapter. A foundation system consists of two interdependent
components: the foundation structure itself and the supporting soil.

The prescriptive provisions of this chapter provide requirements for constructing footings and
walls for foundations of wood, masonry, concrete and precast concrete. In addition to a founda-
tion's ability to support the required design loads, this chapter addresses several other factors that
can affect foundation performance. These include controlling surface water and subsurface drain-
age, requiring soil tests where conditions warrant and evaluating proximity to slopes and minimum
depth requirements. The chapter also provides requirements to minimize adverse effects of mois-
ture, decay and pests in basements and crawl spaces.

Chapter 5 Floors. Chapter 5 provides the requirements for the design and construction of floor
systems that will be capable of supporting minimum required design loads. This chapter covers four
different types: wood floor framing, wood floors on the ground, cold-formed steel floor framing and
concrete slabs on the ground. Allowable span tables are provided that greatly simplify the determi-
nation of joist, girder and sheathing sizes for raised floor systems of wood framing and cold-formed
steel framing. This chapter also contains prescriptive requirements for wood-framed exterior decks
and their attachment to the main building.

Chapter 6 Wall Construction. Chapter 6 contains provisions that regulate the design and con-
struction of walls. The wall construction covered in Chapter 6 consists of five different types: wood
framed, cold-formed steel framed, masonry, concrete and structural insulated panel (SIP). The pri-
mary concern of this chapter is the structural integrity of wall construction and transfer of all
imposed loads to the supporting structure. This chapter provides the requirements for the design
and construction of wall systems that are capable of supporting the minimum design vertical loads
(dead, live and snow loads) and lateral loads (wind or seismic loads). This chapter contains the pre-
scriptive requirements for wall bracing and/or shear walls to resist the imposed lateral loads due to
wind and seismic.

Chapter 6 also regulates exterior windows and doors installed in walls. The chapter contains cri-
teria for the performance of exterior windows and doors and includes provisions for testing and
labeling, garage doors, wind-borne debris protection and anchorage details.

Chapter 7 Wall Covering. Chapter 7 contains provisions for the design and construction of inte-
rior and exterior wall coverings. This chapter establishes the various types of materials, materials
standards and methods of application permitted for use as interior coverings, including interior
plaster, gypsum board, ceramic tile, wood veneer paneling, hardboard paneling, wood shakes and

201 6 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE xiii

wood shingles. Chapter 7 also contains requirements for the use of vapor retarders for moisture
control in walls.

Exterior wall coverings provide the weather-resistant exterior envelope that protects the build-
ing's interior from the elements. Chapter 7 provides the requirements for wind resistance and
water-resistive barrier for exterior wall coverings. This chapter prescribes the exterior wall cover-
ings as well as the water-resistive barrier required beneath the exterior materials. Exterior wall cov-
erings regulated by this section include aluminum, stone and masonry veneer, wood, hardboard,
particleboard, wood structural panel siding, wood shakes and shingles, exterior plaster, steel, vinyl,
fiber cement and exterior insulation finish systems.

Chapter 8 Roof-ceiling Construction. Chapter 8 regulates the design and construction of roof-
ceiling systems. This chapter contains two roof-ceiling framing systems: wood framing and cold-
formed steel framing. Allowable span tables are provided to simplify the selection of rafter and ceil-
ing joist size for wood roof framing and cold-formed steel framing. Chapter 8 also provides require-
ments for the application of ceiling finishes, the proper ventilation of concealed spaces in roofs
(e.g., enclosed attics and rafter spaces), unvented attic assemblies and attic access.

Chapter 9 Roof Assemblies. Chapter 9 regulates the design and construction of roof assem-
blies. A roof assembly includes the roof deck, vapor retarder, substrate or thermal barrier, insula-
tion, vapor retarder and roof covering. This chapter provides the requirement for wind resistance of
roof coverings.

The types of roof covering materials and installation regulated by Chapter 9 are: asphalt shingles,
clay and concrete tile, metal roof shingles, mineral-surfaced roll roofing, slate and slate-type shin-
gles, wood shakes and shingles, built-up roofs, metal roof panels, modified bitumen roofing, ther-
moset and thermoplastic single-ply roofing, sprayed polyurethane foam roofing, liquid applied
coatings and photovoltaic shingles. Chapter 9 also provides requirements for roof drainage, flash-
ing, above deck thermal insulation, rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems and recovering or
replacing an existing roof covering.

Chapter 10 Chimneys and Fireplaces. Chapter 10 contains requirements for the safe con-
struction of masonry chimneys and fireplaces and establishes the standards for the use and installa-
tion of factory-built chimneys, fireplaces and masonry heaters. Chimneys and fireplaces constructed
of masonry rely on prescriptive requirements for the details of their construction; the factory-built
type relies on the listing and labeling method of approval. Chapter 10 provides the requirements for
seismic reinforcing and anchorage of masonry fireplaces and chimneys.

Chapter 11 [RE] Energy Efficiency. The purpose of Chapter 11 [RE] is to provide minimum
design requirements that will promote efficient utilization of energy in buildings. The requirements
are directed toward the design of building envelopes with adequate thermal resistance and low air
leakage, and toward the design and selection of mechanical, water heating, electrical and illumina-
tion systems that promote effective use of depletable energy resources. The provisions of Chapter
11 [RE] are duplicated from the International Energy Conservation Code— Residential Provisions, as
applicable for buildings which fall under the scope of the IRC.

For ease of use and coordination of provisions, the corresponding lECC— Residential Provisions
section number is indicated following the IRC section number [e.g. N1102.1 (R402.1)].

Chapter 12 Mechanical Administration. Chapter 12 establishes the limits of applicability of
the code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. A mechanical code, like any
other code, is intended to be adopted as a legally enforceable document and it cannot be effective
without adequate provisions for its administration and enforcement. The provisions of Chapter 12
establish the authority and duties of the code official appointed by the jurisdiction having authority
and also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and property
owner. It also relates this chapter to the administrative provisions in Chapter 1.

Chapter 13 General Mechanical System Requirements. Chapter 13 contains broadly appli-
cable requirements related to appliance listing and labeling, appliance location and installation,
appliance and systems access, protection of structural elements and clearances to combustibles,
among others.

XIV

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Chapter 14 Heating and Cooling Equipment and Appliances. Chapter 14 is a collection of
requirements for various heating and cooling appliances, dedicated to single topics by section. The
common theme is that all of these types of appliances use energy in one form or another, and the
improper installation of such appliances would present a hazard to the occupants of the dwellings,
due to either the potential for fire or the accidental release of refrigerants. Both situations are
undesirable in dwellings that are covered by this code.

Chapter 15 Exhaust Systems. Chapter 15 is a compilation of code requirements related to resi-
dential exhaust systems, including kitchens and bathrooms, clothes dryers and range hoods. The
code regulates the materials used for constructing and installing such duct systems. Air brought into
the building for ventilation, combustion or makeup purposes is protected from contamination by
the provisions found in this chapter.

Chapter 16 Duct Systems. Chapter 16 provides requirements for the installation of ducts for
supply, return and exhaust air systems. This chapter contains no information on the design of these
systems from the standpoint of air movement, but is concerned with the structural integrity of the
systems and the overall impact of the systems on the fire-safety performance of the building. This
chapter regulates the materials and methods of construction which affect the performance of the
entire air distribution system.

Chapter 17 Combustion Air. Complete combustion of solid and liquid fuel is essential for the
proper operation of appliances, control of harmful emissions and achieving maximum fuel effi-
ciency. If insufficient quantities of oxygen are supplied, the combustion process will be incomplete,
creating dangerous byproducts and wasting energy in the form of unburned fuel (hydrocarbons).
The byproducts of incomplete combustion are poisonous, corrosive and combustible, and can cause
serious appliance or equipment malfunctions that pose fire or explosion hazards.

The combustion air provisions in this code from previous editions have been deleted from Chap-
ter 17 in favor of a single section that directs the user to NFPA 31 for oil-fired appliance combustion
air requirements and the manufacturer's installation instructions for solid fuel-burning appliances. If
fuel gas appliances are used, the provisions of Chapter 24 must be followed.

Chapter 18 Chimneys and Vents. Chapter 18 regulates the design, construction, installation,
maintenance, repair and approval of chimneys, vents and their connections to fuel-burning appli-
ances. A properly designed chimney or vent system is needed to conduct the flue gases produced by
a fuel-burning appliance to the outdoors. The provisions of this chapter are intended to minimize
the hazards associated with high temperatures and potentially toxic and corrosive combustion
gases. This chapter addresses factory-built and masonry chimneys, vents and venting systems used
to vent oil-fired and solid fuel-burning appliances.

Chapter 19 Special Appliances, Equipment and Systems. Chapter 19 regulates the
installation of fuel-burning appliances that are not covered in other chapters, such as ranges and
ovens, sauna heaters, fuel cell power plants and hydrogen systems. Because the subjects in this
chapter do not contain the volume of text necessary to warrant individual chapters, they have
been combined into a single chapter. The only commonality is that the subjects use energy to
perform some task or function. The intent is to provide a reasonable level of protection for the
occupants of the dwelling.

Chapter 20 Boilers and Water Heaters. Chapter 20 regulates the installation of boilers and
water heaters. Its purpose is to protect the occupants of the dwelling from the potential hazards
associated with such appliances. A water heater is any appliance that heats potable water and sup-
plies it to the plumbing hot water distribution system. A boiler either heats water or generates
steam for space heating and is generally a closed system.

Chapter 21 Hydronic Piping. Hydronic piping includes piping, fittings and valves used in building
space conditioning systems. Applications include hot water, chilled water, steam, steam conden-
sate, brines and water/antifreeze mixtures. Chapter 21 regulates installation, alteration and repair
of all hydronic piping systems to insure the reliability, serviceability, energy efficiency and safety of
such systems.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Chapter 22 Special Piping and Storage Systems. Chapter 22 regulates the design and Installa-
tion of fuel oil storage and piping systems. The regulations include reference to construction standards
for above-ground and underground storage tanks, material standards for piping systems (both above-
ground and underground) and extensive requirements for the proper assembly of system piping and
components. The purpose of this chapter is to prevent fires, leaks and spills involving fuel oil storage
and piping systems, whether inside or outside structures and above or underground.

Chapter 23 Solar Thermal Energy Systems. Chapter 23 contains requirements for the con-
struction, alteration and repair of all systems and components of solar thermal energy systems used
for space heating or cooling, and domestic hot water heating or processing. The provisions of this
chapter are limited to those necessary to achieve installations that are relatively hazard free.

A solar thermal energy system can be designed to handle 100 percent of the energy load of a
building, although this is rarely accomplished. Because solar energy is a low-intensity energy source
and dependent on the weather, it is usually necessary to supplement a solar thermal energy system
with traditional energy sources.

As our world strives to find alternate means of producing power for the future, the requirements
of this chapter will become more and more important over time.

Chapter 24 Fuel Gas. Chapter 24 regulates the design and installation of fuel gas distribution
piping and systems, appliances, appliance venting systems and combustion air provisions. The defi-
nition of "Fuel gas" includes natural, liquefied petroleum and manufactured gases and mixtures of
these gases.

The purpose of this chapter is to establish the minimum acceptable level of safety and to protect
life and property from the potential dangers associated with the storage, distribution and use of
fuel gases and the byproducts of combustion of such fuels. This code also protects the personnel
who install, maintain, service and replace the systems and appliances addressed herein.

Chapter 24 is composed entirely of text extracted from the IFGC; therefore, whether using the
IFGC or the IRC, the fuel gas provisions will be identical. Note that to avoid the potential for confu-
sion and conflicting definitions. Chapter 24 has its own definition section.

Chapter 25 Plumbing Administration. The requirements of Chapter 25 do not supersede the
administrative provisions of Chapter 1. Rather, the administrative guidelines of Chapter 25 pertain
to plumbing installations that are best referenced and located within the plumbing chapters. This
chapter addresses how to apply the plumbing provisions of this code to specific types or phases of
construction. This chapter also outlines the responsibilities of the applicant, installer and inspector
with regard to testing plumbing installations.

Chapter 26 General Plumbing Requirements. The content of Chapter 26 is often referred to
as "miscellaneous," rather than general plumbing requirements. This is the only chapter of the
plumbing chapters of the code whose requirements do not interrelate. If a requirement cannot be
located in another plumbing chapter, it should be located in this chapter. Chapter 26 contains safety
requirements for the installation of plumbing systems and includes requirements for the identifica-
tion of pipe, pipe fittings, traps, fixtures, materials and devices used in plumbing systems. If specific
provisions do not demand that a requirement be located in another chapter, the requirement is
located in this chapter.

Chapter 27 Plumbing Fixtures. Chapter 27 requires fixtures to be of the proper type, approved
for the purpose intended and installed properly to promote usability and safe, sanitary conditions.
This chapter regulates the quality of fixtures and faucets by requiring those items to comply with
nationally recognized standards. Because fixtures must be properly installed so that they are usable by
the occupants of the building, this chapter contains the requirements for the installation of fixtures.

Chapter 28 Water Heaters. Chapter 28 regulates the design, approval and installation of water
heaters and related safety devices. The intent is to minimize the hazards associated with the installation
and operation of water heaters. Although this chapter does not regulate the size of a water heater, it
does regulate all other aspects of the water heater installation such as temperature and pressure relief
valves, safety drip pans and connections. Where a water heater also supplies water for space heating,
this chapter regulates the maximum water temperature supplied to the water distribution system.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Chapter 29 Water Supply and Distribution. This chapter regulates the supply of potable
water from both public and individual sources to every fixture and outlet so that it remains potable
and uncontaminated by cross connections. Chapter 29 also regulates the design of the water distri-
bution system, which will allow fixtures to function properly. Because it is critical that the potable
water supply system remain free of actual or potential sanitary hazards, this chapter has the
requirements for providing backflow protection devices.

Chapter 30 Sanitary Drainage. The purpose of Chapter 30 is to regulate the materials, design
and installation of sanitary drainage piping systems as well as the connections made to the system.
The intent is to design and install sanitary drainage systems that will function reliably, are neither
undersized nor oversized and are constructed from materials, fittings and connections whose qual-
ity is regulated by this section. This chapter addresses the proper use of fittings for directing the
flow into and within the sanitary drain piping system. Materials and provisions necessary for servic-
ing the drainage system are also included in this chapter.

Chapter 31 Vents. Venting protects the trap seal of each trap. The vents are designed to limit dif-
ferential pressures at each trap to 1 inch of water column (249 Pa). Because waste flow in the drain-
age system creates pressure fluctuations that can negatively affect traps, the sanitary drainage
system must have a properly designed venting system. Chapter 31 covers the requirements for
vents and venting. All of the provisions set forth in this chapter are intended to limit the pressure
differentials in the drainage system to a maximum of 1 inch of water column (249 Pa) above or
below atmospheric pressure (i.e., positive or negative pressures).

Chapter 32 Traps. Traps prevent sewer gas from escaping from the drainage piping into the
building. Water seal traps are the simplest and most reliable means of preventing sewer gas from
entering the interior environment. This chapter lists prohibited trap types as well as specifies the
minimum trap size for each type of fixture.

Chapter 33 Storm Drainage. Rainwater infiltration into the ground adjacent to a building can
cause the interior of foundation walls to become wet. The installation of a subsoil drainage system
prevents the build-up of rainwater on the exterior of the foundation walls. This chapter provides the
specifications for subsoil drain piping. Where the discharge of the subsoil drain system is to a sump,
this chapter also provides coverage for sump construction, pumps and discharge piping.

Chapter 34 General Requirements. This chapter contains broadly applicable, general and mis-
cellaneous requirements including scope, listing and labeling, equipment locations and clearances
for conductor materials and connections and conductor identification.

Chapter 35 Electrical Definitions. Chapter 35 is the repository of the definitions of terms used
in the body of Part VIII of the code. To avoid the potential for confusion and conflicting definitions.
Part VIII, Electrical, has its own definition chapter.

Codes are technical documents and every word, term and punctuation mark can impact the
meaning of the code text and the intended results. The code often uses terms that have a unique
meaning in the code, which can differ substantially from the ordinarily understood meaning of the
term as used outside of the code.

The terms defined in Chapter 35 are deemed to be of prime importance in establishing the
meaning and intent of the electrical code text that uses the terms. The user of the code should be
familiar with and consult this chapter because the definitions are essential to the correct interpreta-
tion of the code and because the user may not be aware that a term is defined.

Chapter 36 Services. This chapter covers the design, sizing and installation of the building's elec-
trical service equipment and grounding electrode system. It includes an easy-to-use load calculation
method and service conductor sizing table. The electrical service is generally the first part of the
electrical system to be designed and installed.

Chapter 37 Branch Circuit and Feeder Requirements. Chapter 37 addresses the require-
ments for designing the power distribution system which consists of feeders and branch circuits
emanating from the service equipment. This chapter dictates the ratings of circuits and the allow-
able loads, the number and types of branch circuits required, the wire sizing for such branch circuits
and feeders and the requirements for protection from overcurrent for conductors. A load calcula-

201 6 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE xvii

tion method specific to feeders is also included. This chapter is used to design the electrical system
on the load side of the service.

Chapter 38 Wiring Methods. Chapter 38 specifies the allowable wiring methods, such as cable,
conduit and raceway systems, and provides the installation requirements for the wiring methods.
This chapter is primarily applicable to the "rough-in" phase of construction.

Chapter 39 Power and Lighting Distribution. This chapter mostly contains Installation
requirements for the wiring that serves the lighting outlets, receptacle outlets, appliances and
switches located throughout the building. The required distribution and spacing of receptacle out-
lets and lighting outlets is prescribed in this chapter, as well as the requirements for ground-fault
and arc-fault circuit interrupter protection.

Chapter 40 Devices and Luminaires. This chapter focuses on the devices, including switches
and receptacles, and lighting fixtures that are typically installed during the final phase of construc-
tion.

Chapter 41 Appliance Installation. Chapter 41 addresses the Installation of appliances includ-
ing HVAC appliances, water heaters, fixed space-heating equipment, dishwashers, garbage dispos-
als, range hoods and suspended paddle fans.

Chapter 42 Swimming Pools. This chapter covers the electrical installation requirements for
swimming pools, storable swimming pools, wading pools, decorative pools, fountains, hot tubs,
spas and hydromassage bathtubs. The allowable wiring methods are specified along with the
required clearances between electrical system components and pools, spas and tubs. This chapter
includes the special grounding requirements related to pools, spas and tubs, and also prescribes the
equipotential bonding requirements that are unique to pools, spas and tubs.

Chapter 43 Class 2 Remote-control, Signaling and Power-limited Circuits. This chapter
covers the power supplies, wiring methods and installation requirements for the Class 2 circuits
found in dwellings. Such circuits include thermostat wiring, alarm systems, security systems, auto-
mated control systems and doorbell systems.

Chapter 44 Referenced Standards. The code contains numerous references to standards that
are used to regulate materials and methods of construction. Chapter 44 contains a comprehensive
list of all standards that are referenced in the code. The standards are part of the code to the extent
of the reference to the standard. Compliance with the referenced standard is necessary for compli-
ance with this code. By providing specifically adopted standards, the construction and installation
requirements necessary for compliance with the code can be readily determined. The basis for code
compliance is, therefore, established and available on an equal basis to the code official, contractor,
designer and owner.

Chapter 44 is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate specific standards. It lists all of
the referenced standards, alphabetically, by acronym of the promulgating agency of the standard.
Each agency's standards are then listed in either alphabetical or numeric order based upon the stan-
dard identification. The list also contains the title of the standard; the edition (date) of the standard
referenced; any addenda included as part of the ICC adoption; and the section or sections of this
code that reference the standard.

Appendix A Sizing and Capacities of Gas Piping. This appendix is informative and not part of
the code. It provides design guidance, useful facts and data and multiple examples of how to apply
the sizing tables and sizing methodologies of Chapter 24.

Appendix B Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances Equipped with Draft
Hoods, Category 1 Appliances and Appliances Listed tor Use with Type B Vents. This
appendix is informative and not part of the code. It contains multiple examples of how to apply the
vent and chimney tables and methodologies of Chapter 24.

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2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Appendix C Exit Terminals of Mechanical Draft and Direct-vent Venting Systems. This
appendix is informative and not part of the code. It consists of a figure and notes that visually depict
code requirements from Chapter 24 for vent terminals with respect to the openings found in build-
ing exterior walls.

Appendix D Recommended Procedure for Safety Inspection of an Existing Appliance
Installation. This appendix is informative and not part of the code. It provides recommended pro-
cedures for testing and inspecting an appliance installation to determine if the installation is operat-
ing safely and if the appliance is in a safe condition.

Appendix E Manufactured Housing Used as Dwellings. The criteria for the construction of
manufactured homes are governed by the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety
Act. While this act may seem to cover the bulk of the construction of manufactured housing, it does
not cover those areas related to the placement of the housing on the property. The provisions of
Appendix E are not applicable to the design and construction of manufactured homes. Appendix E
provides a complete set of regulations in conjunction with federal law for the installation of manu-
factured housing. This appendix also contains provisions for existing manufactured home installa-
tions.

Appendix F Radon Control Methods. Radon comes from the natural (radioactive) decay of the
element radium in soil, rock and water and finds its way into the air. Appendix F contains require-
ments to mitigate the transfer of radon gases from the soil into the dwelling. The provisions of this
appendix regulate the design and construction of radon-resistant measures intended to reduce the
entry of radon gases into the living space of residential buildings.

Appendix G Piping Standards for Various Applications. Appendix G provides standards for
various types of plastic piping products. This appendix is informative and is not part of the code.

Appendix H Patio Covers. Appendix H sets forth the regulations and limitations for patio covers.
The provisions address those uses permitted in patio cover structures, the minimum design loads to
be assigned for structural purposes, and the effect of the patio cover on egress and emergency
escape or rescue from sleeping rooms. This appendix also contains the special provisions for alumi-
num screen enclosures in hurricane-prone regions.

Appendix I Private Sewage Disposal. Appendix I simply provides the opportunity to utilize the
International Private Sewage Disposal Code for the design and installation of private sewage dis-
posal in one- and two-family dwellings.

Appendix J Existing Buildings and Structures. Appendix J contains the provisions for the
repair, renovation, alteration and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures that are within
the scope of this code. To accomplish this objective and to make the rehabilitation process more
available, this appendix allows for a controlled departure from full code compliance without com-
promising minimum life safety, fire safety, structural and environmental features of the rehabili-
tated existing building or structure.

Appendix K Sound Transmission. Appendix K regulates the sound transmission of wall and
floor-ceiling assemblies separating dwelling units and townhouse units. Air-borne sound insulation
is required for walls. Air-borne sound insulation and impact sound insulation are required for floor-
ceiling assemblies. The provisions in Appendix K set forth a minimum Sound Transmission Class
(STC) rating for common walls and floor-ceiling assemblies between dwelling units. In addition, a
minimum Impact Insulation Class (IIC) rating is also established to limit structure-borne sound
through common floor-ceiling assemblies separating dwelling units.

Appendix L Permit Fees. Appendix L provides guidance to jurisdictions for setting appropriate
permit fees. This appendix will aid many jurisdictions to assess permit fees that will assist to fairly
and properly administer the code. This appendix can be used for informational purposes only or
may be adopted when specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix M Home Day Care-R-3 Occupancy. Appendix M provides means of egress and
smoke detection requirements for a Group R-3 Occupancy that is to be used as a home day care for
more than five children who receive custodial care for less than 24 hours. This appendix is strictly

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

XIX

for guidance and/or adoption by those jurisdictions that have Licensed Home Care Provider laws
and statutes that allow more than five children to be cared for in a person's home. When a jurisdic-
tion adopts this appendix, the provisions for day care and child care facilities in the IBC should be
considered also.

Appendix N Venting Methods. Because venting of sanitary drainage systems is perhaps the
most difficult concept to understand, and Chapter 31 uses only words to describe venting require-
ments, illustrations can offer greater insight into what the words mean. Appendix N has a number
of illustrations for commonly installed sanitary drainage systems in order for the reader to gain a
better understanding of this code's venting requirements.

Appendix O Automatic Vehicular Gates. Appendix 0 provides the requirements for the
design and construction of automatic vehicular gates. The provisions are for where automatic gates
are installed for use at a vehicular entrance or exit on the lot of a one- or two-family dwelling. The
requirements provide protection for individuals from potential entrapment between an automatic
gate and a stationary object or surface.

Appendix P Sizing of Water Piping System. Appendix P provides two recognized methods for
sizing the water service and water distribution piping for a building. The method under Section
AP103 provides friction loss diagrams that require the user to "plot" points and read values from
the diagrams in order to perform the required calculations and necessary checks. This method is the
most accurate of the two presented in this appendix. The method under Section AP201 is known to
be conservative; however, very few calculations are necessary in order to determine a pipe size that
satisfies the flow requirements of any application.

Appendix Q ICC International Residential Code Electrical Provisions/National Elec-
trical Code Cross Reference. This appendix provided a cross reference that allowed the code
user to trace the code sections in Chapters 34 through 43 back to their source: the National Electri-
cal Code. This appendix is no longer provided.

Appendix R Light Straw-Clay Construction. This appendix regulates the use of light straw-
clay as a construction material. It is limited in application to nonbearing wall infill systems.

Appendix S Strawbale Construction. This appendix provides prescriptive requirements for the
use of strawbale as a construction material. It is limited in application to the walls of one-story
structures, except where additional engineering is provided.

Appendix T Recommended Procedure for Worst-Case Testing of Atmospheric Venting
Systems under N1102.4 or N1105 Conditions < SACH^o- This appendix is an informative
appendix that is provided for testing of atmospheric venting conditions in a house when the leak
tightness is less than five air changes per hour at 50 Pascals. The air leakage limitations in the energy
provisions of Chapter 11 could have a direct impact on the building pressure boundary affecting the
safe operation of combustion equipment.

Appendix T is intended to provide clear guidance to builders, code officials and home perfor-
mance contractors for worst-case testing of atmospheric venting systems where air-sealing tech-
niques and air-leakage performance testing requirements of Chapter 11 or the 2015 lECC are
employed. Worst-case testing is used by home performance contractors to identify problems that
weaken draft and restrict combustion air. Worst-case vent testing uses the home's exhaust fans, air-
handling appliances and chimneys to create worst-case depressurization in the combustion appli-
ance zone (CAZ).

Appendix U Solar-Rea^ Provisions — Detached One- and Two-Family Dwellings,
Multiple Single-Family Dwellings (Townhouses). This appendix provides requirements for
preparation of a house for future installation of solar equipment for electrical power or heating.
Given the growing popularity of solar power and the possible need for the equipment in the future,
this appendix, if adopted, would require an area be provided on the building roof that would accom-
modate solar equipment. In addition, pathways for routing of plumbing and conduit need to be pro-
vided.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I — Administrative 3

CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND

APPLICATION 3

DIVISION I— CALIFORNIA

ADMINISTRATION 3

Section

1 . 1 General 3

1.2 Reserved 6

1.3 Reserved 6

1 .4 Reserved 6

1.5 Reserved 6

1.6 Reserved 6

1.7 Reserved 6

1.8 Department of Housing and Community

Development (HCD) 6

1.8.2 Authority and Abbreviations 6

1.8.3 Local Enforcing Agency 7

1.8.4 Permits, Fees, Applications and Inspections 8

1.8.5 Right of Entry for Enforcement 8

1.8.6 Local Modification by Ordinance or Regulation ... 9

1.8.7 Alternate Materials, Designs, Tests and

Methods of Construction 9

1.8.8 Appeals Board 10

1.8.9 Unsafe Buildings or Structures 10

1.8.10 Other Building Regulations 11

1.9 Reserved 11

1.10 Reserved 11

1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal 11

1.12 Reserved 15

1.13 Reserved 15

1.14 Reserved 15

DIVISION II— ADMINISTRATION 16

Section

RlOl General 16

R102 Applicability 16

R103 Department of Building Safety 17

R104 Duties and Powers of the Building Official 17

R105 Permits 18

R106 Construction Documents 20

R107 Temporary Structures and Uses 21

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

R108 Fees 21

R109 Inspections 22

R1 10 Certificate of Occupancy 23

Rill Service Utilities 23

R1 12 Board of Appeals 24

R113 Violations 24

R1 14 Stop Work Order 24

Part II — Definitions 29

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 29

Section

R201 General 29

R202 Definitions 29

Part III — Building Planning and Construction 45

CHAPTER 3 BUILDING PLANNING 45

Section

R300 Site Drainage 45

R301 Design Criteria 45

R302 Fire-resistant Construction 69

R303 Light, Ventilation and Heating 75

R304 Minimum Room Areas 76

R305 Ceiling Height 77

R306 Sanitation 77

R307 Toilet, Bath and Shower Spaces 77

R308 Glazing 77

R309 Garages and Carports 80

R310 Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings 81

R3 1 1 Means of Egress 82

R312 Guards and Window Fall Protection 85

R313 Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems 86

R314 Smoke Alarms 98

R315 Carbon Monoxide Alarms 102

R316 Foam Plastic 104

R3 1 7 Protection of W ood and Wood-based

Products against Decay 105

R318 Protection against Subterranean Termites 107

R319 Site Address 108

R320 Accessibility 108

R321 Elevators and Platform Lifts 108

xxl

TABLE OF CONTENTS

R322 Flood-resistant Construction 108

R323 Storm Shelters Ill

R324 Solar Energy Systems Ill

R325 Mezzanines 112

R326 Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs 113

R334 Construction Waste Reduction,

Disposal and Recycling 113

R335 Special Provisions for Licensed

24-hour Care Facilities in a Group R-3.1 .... 1 13

R336 Large Lamily Day-care Homes 116

R337 Materials and Construction Methods

for Exterior Wildfire Exposure 117

R337.1 Scope, Purpose and Application 117

R337.2 Definitions 118

R337.3 Standards of Quality 119

R337.4 Ignition Resistant Construction 120

R337.5 Roofing 120

R337.6 Vents 121

R337.7 Exterior Covering 121

R337.8 Exterior Windows and Doors 123

R337.9 Decking 124

R337.10 Accessory Structures 124

R338 Electric Vehicle 124

R340 Pollutant Control 125

CHAPTER 4 FOUNDATIONS 127

Section

R401 General 127

R402 Materials 128

R403 Lootings 129

R404 Eoundation and Retaining Walls 150

R405 Foundation Drainage 168

R406 Foundation Waterproofing and

Dampproofing 169

R407 Columns 170

R408 Under- floor Space 170

CHAPTER 5 FLOORS 173

Section

R501 General 173

R502 Wood Floor Framing 173

R503 Floor Sheathing 182

R504 Pressure Preservative-treated Wood

Floors (On Ground) 184

R505 Cold-formed Steel Floor Framing 184

R506 Concrete Floors (On Ground) 195

R507 Exterior Decks 197

CHAPTER 6 WALL CONSTRUCTION 207

Section

R601 General 207

R602 Wood Wall Framing 207

R603 Cold-formed Steel Wall Framing 257

R604 Wood Structural Panels 293

R605 Particleboard 293

R606 General Masonry Construction 298

R607 Glass Unit Masonry 310

R608 Exterior Concrete Wall Construction 312

R609 Exterior Windows and Doors 382

R610 Structural Insulated Panel Wall

Construction 385

CHAPTER 7 WALL COVERING 395

Section

R701 General 395

R702 Interior Covering 395

R703 Exterior Covering 399

CHAPTER 8 ROOF-CEILING

CONSTRUCTION 417

Section

R801 General 417

R802 Wood Roof Framing 417

R803 Roof Sheathing 443

R804 Cold-formed Steel Roof Framing 446

R805 Ceiling Finishes 460

R806 Roof Ventilation 460

R807 Attic Access 464

CHAPTER 9 ROOF ASSEMBLIES 465

Section

R901 General 465

R902 Roof Classification 465

R903 Weather Protection 466

R904 Materials 466

R905 Requirements for Roof Coverings 467

R906 Roof Insulation 477

R907 Rooftop-mounted Photovoltaic Systems 477

xxii 201 6 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

R908 Reroofing 477

R909 Rooftop-mounted Photovoltaic

Panel Systems 478

R918 Solar Photovoltaic Panels/Modules 478

CHAPTER 10 CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES ... 479

Section

RlOOl Masonry Fireplaces 479

R1002 Masonry Heaters 483

R1003 Masonry Chimneys 483

R1004 Factory-built Fireplaces 488

R1005 Factory-built Chimneys 488

R1006 Exterior Air Supply 488

Part IV — Energy Conservation 491

Part V — Mechanical 493

Part VI — Fuel Gas 495

Part VII — Plumbing 497

Part VIII — Electrical 499

Part IX — Referenced Standards 503

CHAPTER 44 REFERENCED STANDARDS 503

APPENDIX A SIZING AND CAPACITIES

OF GAS PIPING 533

APPENDIX B SIZING OF VENTING SYSTEMS

SERVING APPLIANCES EQUIPPED
WITH DRAFT HOODS, CATEGORY I
APPLIANCES, AND APPLIANCES
LISTED FOR USE WITH TYPE B
VENTS 543

APPENDIX C EXIT TERMINALS OF

MECHANICAL DRAFT AND
DIRECT- VENT VENTING
SYSTEMS 553

APPENDIX D RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
FOR SAFETY INSPECTION OF
AN EXISTING APPLIANCE
INSTALLATION 555

APPENDIX E MANUFACTURED HOUSING

USED AS DWELLINGS 561

Section

AElOl Scope 561

AE102 Application to Existing Manufactured Homes

and Building Service Equipment 561

AE201 Definitions 562

AE301 Permits 563

AE302 Application for Permit 563

AE303 Permits Issuance 563

AE304 Pees 564

AE305 Inspections 565

AE306 Special Inspections 566

AE307 Utility Service 566

AE401 Occupancy Classification 566

AE402 Location on Property 566

AE501 Design 566

AE502 Foundation Systems 566

AE503 Skirting and Perimeter Enclosures 567

AE504 Structural Additions 567

AE505 Building Service Equipment 567

AE506 Exits 567

AE507 Occupancy, Eire Safety and Energy

Conservation Standards 567

AE600 Special Requirements for

Poundation Systems 567

AE601 Footings and Foundations 567

AE602 Pier Construction 567

AE603 Height of Piers 568

AE604 Anchorage Installations 568

AE605 Ties, Materials and Installation 569

AE606 Referenced Standards 569

APPENDIX F PASSIVE RADON

GAS CONTROLS 571

Section

AFlOl Scope 571

AF102 Definitions 571

AF103 Passive Radon-resistant

System Requirements 572

APPENDIX G PIPING STANDARDS FOR

VARIOUS APPLICATIONS 579

Section

AGlOl Plastic Piping Standards 579

xxiii

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AG102 Referenced Standards 579

APPENDIX H PATIO COVERS 583

Section

AHlOl General 583

AH102 Definition 583

AH 103 Exterior Walls and Openings 583

AH104 Height 583

AH105 Structural Provisions 583

AH 106 Special Provisions for Aluminum Screen

Enclosures in Hurricane-prone Regions 584

APPENDIX I PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL ... 587

Section

AIlOl General 587

APPENDIX J EXISTING BUILDINGS

AND STRUCTURES 589

Section

AJIOI Purpose and Intent 589

AJ102 Compliance 589

AJ103 Preliminary Meeting 590

AJ104 Evaluation of an Existing Building 590

AJ105 Permit 590

AJ201 Definitions 591

AJ301 Repairs 591

AJ401 Renovations 591

AJ501 Alterations 592

AJ601 Reconstruction 593

APPENDIX K SOUND TRANSMISSION 595

Section

AKIOI General 595

AK102 Air-borne Sound 595

AK103 Structural-borne Sound 595

AK104 Referenced Standards 595

APPENDIX L PERMIT FEES 597

APPENDIX M HOME DAY CARE-
R-3 OCCUPANCY 599

APPENDIX N VENTING METHODS 601

xxiv

APPENDIX O AUTOMATIC

VEHICULAR GATES 607

Section

AOlOl General 607

AO102 Definition 607

AO 103 Automatic Vehicular Gates 607

APPENDIX P SIZING OF WATER

PIPING SYSTEM 609

Section

APlOl General 609

API 02 Information Required 609

API 03 Selection of Pipe Size 609

AP201 Selection of Pipe Size 626

APPENDIX Q Reserved 629

APPENDIX R LIGHT STRAW-CLAY

CONSTRUCTION 631

Section

ARlOl General 631

AR102 Definitions 631

AR103 Nonbearing Light Straw-clay Construction. ... 631

AR104 Thermal Insulation 633

AR105 Referenced Standard 633

APPENDIX S STRAWBALE CONSTRUCTION. . . 635

Section

ASlOl General 635

AS 102 Definitions 635

AS 103 Bales 636

AS104 Finishes 636

AS105 Strawbale Walls — General 637

AS106 Strawbale Walls — Structural 639

AS 107 Fire Resistance 641

AS 108 Thermal Insulation 643

AS 109 Referenced Standards 643

APPENDIX T RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
FOR WORST-CASE TESTING
OF ATMOSPHERIC VENTING
SYSTEMS UNDER N1 102.4 OR
N1105 CONDITIONS < SACHjo 645

Section

TlOl Scope 645

T202 General Definitions 645

T301 Testing Procedure 645

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPENDIX U SOLAR-READY PROVISIONS—
DETACHED ONE- AND TWO-
EAMILY DWELLINGS, MULTIPLE
SINGLE-EAMILY DWELLINGS
(TOWNHOUSES) 649

Section

UlOl Scope 649

U102 General Definitions 649

U103 Solar-ready Zone 649

APPENDIX V SWIMMING POOL

SAEETY ACT 651

APPENDIX W AREAS PROTECTED BY
THE EACILITIES OE THE
CENTRAL VALLEY ELOOD
PROTECTION PLAN 655

INDEX 661

HISTORY NOTE 667

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

XXV

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 1 - SCOPE AND APPLICATION

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter / Section

Division i Caiifornia
Administration

1.1 through 1.1.12

1.8 through 1.8.10.2

1.11 through 1.11.10

Division II
Administration

R104.2 - R104.4

R104.9 - R104.9.1

R105.1

R105.2

Building: Items 1-10

R105.2.1 - R105.2.2

R105.3- R105.3.1

R105.4

R105.6

R105.7

R106 - R106.5

R106.1

R106.1.1

R106.1.3

R106.1.4

R106.2

R107 - R107.4

R109.1

R109.1.1

R109.1.1.1

R109.1.3

R109.1.4

R109.1.4.1

R109.1.4.2

R109.1.5

R109.1.5.1

R109.1.5.2

R109.1.6

R109.1.6.1

R109.1.6.2

R109.2 - R109.4

R110 - R110.5

R111 - R111.3

R113 - R113.2

R114 - R114.2

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: t

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Part I — Administrative

CHAPTER 1

SCOPE AND APPLICA TION
DIVISION I

CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

SECTION 1.1
GENERAL

1.1.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Califor-
nia Residential Code, may be cited as such and will be
referred to herein as “this code. ” The California Residential

I I Code is Part 2.5 of thirteen parts of the official compilation
and publication of the adoption, amendment and repeal of
building regulations to the California Code of Regulations,
Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards
I I Code. This part incorporates by adoption the 2015 Interna-
tional Residential Code of the International Code Council
with necessary California amendments.

1.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the
minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety
and general welfare through structural strength, means of
egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities,
sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation, and energy
conservation; safety to life and property from fire and other
hazards attributed to the built environment; and to provide
safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during
emergency operations.

1.1.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the
construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replace-
ment, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, main-
tenance, removal and demolition of every detached one-and
two-family dwelling, efficiency dwelling unit, and townhouse
not more than three stories above grade plane in height with
a separate means of egress and structures accessory thereto
throughout the State of California.

Exceptions:

1. Live/work units complying with the requirements of
Section 419 of the California Building Code shall be
permitted to be built as one- and two-family dwell-
ings or townhouses. Fire suppression required by
Section 419.5 of the California Building Code when
constructed under the California Residential Code
for one- and two-family dwellings shall conform to
Section 903.3.1.3 of the California Building Code.

2. Owner-occupied lodging houses with five or fewer
guestrooms shall be permitted to be constructed in
accordance with the California Residential Code for
one- and two-family dwellings when equipped with a
fire sprinkler system in accordance with Section
R313.

1.1. 3.1 Classification. Structures or portions of structures
shall be classified with respect to occupancy in one or
more of the groups listed below. A room or space that is
intended to be occupied at different times for different pur-
poses shall comply with all of the requirements that are
applicable to each of the purposes for which the room or
space will be occupied. Structures with multiple occupan-
cies or uses shall comply with Section 508 of the Califor-
nia Building Code. Where a structure is proposed for a
purpose that is not specifically provided for in this code,
such structure shall be classified in the group that the
occupancy most nearly resembles, according to the fire
safety and relative hazard involved in accordance with
this code or the California Building Code.

1.1.3. 1.1 Residential Group R. Residential Group R
includes, among others, the use of a building or struc-
ture, or a portion thereof, for sleeping purposes when
not classified as an Institutional Group I. Residential
occupancies shall include the following:

R-3 Residential occupancies where the occupants
are primarily permanent in nature and not classified
as Group R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-3.1, R-4 or I, including:
Buildings that do not contain more than two
dwelling units.

Townhouses not more than three stories above
grade in height with a separate means of
egress.

Adult facilities that provide accommodations for
six or fewer persons of any age for less than
24-hours. Licensing categories that may use
this classification include, but are not limited
to:

Adult Day Programs.

Child care facilities that provide accommoda-
tions for six or fewer persons of any age for
less than 24-hours. Licensing categories that
may use this classification include, but are not
limited to:

Day-care Center for Mildly III Children, Infant
Care Center and School Age Child Day-care
Center.

Family Day-care Homes that provide accommo-
dations for 14 or fewer children, in the provider’s
own home for less than 24-hours.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

Congregate living facilities or congregate resi-
dences with 16 or fewer persons.

R-3.1 This occupancy group may include facilities
licensed by a governmental agency for a residentially
based 24-hour care facility providing accommodations
for six or fewer clients of any age. Clients may be clas-
sified as ambulatory, nonambulatory or bedridden. A
Group R-3.1 occupancy shall meet the requirements
for construction as defined for Group R-3, except as
otherwise provided for in Section R335 Special Provi-
sions For Licensed 24-Hour Care Facilities in a Group
R-3.1 Occupancy. This group may include:

Adult Residential Facilities Congregate Living
Health Facilities
Foster Family Homes
Group Homes

Intermediate Care Facilities for the develop-
mentally disabled habilitative
Intermediate Care Facilities for the developmen-
tally disabled nursing

Nurseries for the full-time care of children under
the age of six, but not including “infants” as
defined in Section 202
Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly
Small Family Homes and Residential Care Facil-
ities for the chronically ill

Exception: Foster Family Homes or Group
Homes licensed by the Department of Social
Services which provide nonmedical board,
room and care for six or fewer ambulatory
children or children two years of age or
younger, and which do not have any nonam-
bulatory clients shall not be subject to regula-
tions found in Section R335.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13143 with respect to these exempted facilities, no
city, county or public district shall adopt or enforce
any requirement for the prevention of fire or for the
protection of life and property against fire and panic
unless the requirement would be applicable to a
structure regardless of the special occupancy. Noth-
ing shall restrict the application of state or local
housing standards to such facilities if the standards
are applicable to residential occupancies and are
not based on the use of the structure as a facility for
ambulatory children. For the purpose of this excep-
tion, ambulatory children does not include relatives
of the licensee or the licensee’s spouse.

Large Family Day-Care Homes. See Section R336.

1.1. 3. 1.2 Utility and Miscellaneous Group U. Build-
ings and structures of an accessory character and mis-
cellaneous structures not classified in any specific
occupancy shall be constructed, equipped and main-
tained to conform to the requirements of this code com-
mensurate with the fire and life hazard incidental to
their occupancy. Group U shall include, but not be lim-
ited to, the following:

Agricultural buildings

Aircraft hangars, accessory to a one- or two-family
residence (see Section 412.5 of the California
Building Code)

Barns

Carports

Fences more than 7 feet (2134 mm) high \ \

Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy

Greenhouses

Livestock shelters

Private garages

Retaining walls

Sheds

Stables

Tanks

Towers

1. 1.3.2 Regulated buildings, struetures and applications.

The model code, state amendments to the model code, and/
or state amendments where there are no relevant model
code provisions shall apply to detached one- and two-fam-
ily dwellings, townhouses, ejficiency dwelling units, and \ \
structures accessory thereto. State agencies with regula-
tory authority as specified in Sections 1.2 through 1.14,
except where modified by local ordinance pursuant to Sec-
tion 1.1.8. When adopted by a state agency, the provisions
of this code shall be enforced by the appropriate enforcing
agency, but only to the extent of authority granted to such
agency by the state legislature.

Note: See Preface to distinguish the model code provi-
sions from the California provisions.

1. One- and two-family dwellings, townhouses,
employee housing, factory-built housing and other
types of dwellings containing sleeping accommoda-
tions with common toilets or cooking facilities. See
Section 1.8.2. 1.1.

2. Permanent buildings and permanent accessory
buildings or structures constructed within mobile-
home parks and special occupancy parks regulated
by the Department of Housing and Community
Development. See Section 1.8. 2. 1.3.

3. Applications regulated by the Office of the State
Fire Marshal include, but are not limited to, the fol-
lowing in accordance with Section 1.11:

3.1. Buildings or structures used or intended for use
as a/an:

1. Home for the elderly, children’s nursery,
children’s home or institution, school or
any similar occupancy of any capacity

2. Small family day-care homes, large family
day-care homes, residential facilities and
residential facilities for the elderly, resi-
dential care facilities

3. State institutions or other state-owned or
state-occupied buildings

4. Residential structures

5. Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures
used in connection with any occupancy

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

6. Fire alarm devices, equipment and systems
in connection with any occupancy

7 . Wildland-urban interface fire areas

1.1.4 Appendices. Provisions contained in the appendices of
this code shall not apply unless specifically adopted by a
state agency or adopted by a local enforcing agency in com-
pliance with Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq. for
Building Standards Law, Health and Safety Code Section
1 7950 for State Housing Law and Health and Safety Code
Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection Districts. See Section
1.1.8 of this code.

1.1.5 Referenced codes. The codes, standards and publica-
tions adopted and set forth in this code, including other
codes, standards and publications referred to therein are, by
title and date of publication, hereby adopted as standard ref-
erence documents of this code. When this code does not spe-
cifically cover any subject related to building design and
construction, recognized architectural or engineering prac-
tices shall be employed. The National Fire Codes, standards
and the Fire Protection Handbook of the National Fire Pro-
tection Association are permitted to be used as authoritative
guides in determining recognized fire prevention engineering
practices.

1.1.6 Nonbuilding standards, orders and regulations.

Requirements contained in the International Residential
Code, or in any other referenced standard, code or document,
which are not building standards as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 18909, shall not be construed as part of
the provisions of this code. For nonbuilding standards,
orders and regulations, see other titles of the California Code
of Regulations.

1.1.7 Order of precedence and use.

1. 1.7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences
between these building standards and the standard refer-
ence documents, the text of these building standards shall
govern.

1. 1.7.2 Specific provisions. Where a specific provision
varies from a general provision, the specific provision
shall apply.

1. 1.7.3 Conflicts. When the requirements of this code con-
flict with the requirements of any other part of the Califor-
nia Building Standards Code, Title 24, the most restrictive
requirements shall prevail.

1.1. 7.3.1 Detached one- and two-family dwellings.

Detached one- and two-family dwellings, efficiency
dwelling units and townhouses not more than three sto-
ries above grade plane in height with a separate means
of egress and their accessory structures may be
designed and constructed in accordance with this code
or the California Building Code, but not both, unless
the proposed structure(s) or element(s) exceed the
design limitations established in this code and the code
user is specifically directed by this code to use the Cal-
ifornia Building Code.

1.1.8 City, county, or city and county amendments, addi-
tions or deletions. The provisions of this code do not limit
the authority of a city, county, or city and county govern-
ments to establish more restrictive and reasonably neces-
sary differences to the provisions contained in this code
pursuant to complying with Section 1. 1.8.1. The effective
date of amendments, additions or deletions to this code by a
city, county, or city and county filed pursuant to Section

1.1. 8.1 shall be the date filed. However, in no case shall the
amendments, additions or deletions to this code be effective
any sooner than the effective date of this code.

Local modifications shall comply with Health and Safety
Code Section 18941.5 for Building Standards Law, Health
and Safety Code Section 17958 for State Housing Law or
Health and Safety Code Section 13869. 7 for Fire Protection
Districts.

1.1. 8.1 Findings and filings.

1. The city, county, or city and county shall make
express findings for each amendment, addition or
deletion based upon climatic, topographical or geo-
logical conditions.

Exception: Hazardous building ordinances and
programs mitigating unreinforced masonry
buildings.

2. The city, county, or city and county shall file the
amendments, additions or deletions expressly
marked and identified as to the applicable findings.
Cities, counties, cities and counties, and fire
departments shall file the amendments, additions
or deletions, and the findings with the California
Building Standards Commission at 2525 Natomas
Park Drive, Suite 130, Sacramento, CA 95833.

3. Findings prepared by fire protection districts shall
be ratified by the local city, county, or city and
county and filed with the California Department of
Housing and Community Development, Division of
Codes and Standards, P.O. Box 1407, Sacramento,
CA 95812-1407 or 2020 W. El Camino Avenue,
Suite 250, Sacramento, CA 95833-1829.

1.1.9 Effective date of this code. Only those standards
approved by the California Building Standards Commission
that are effective at the time an application for building per-
mit is submitted shall apply to the plans and specifications
for, and to the construction performed under, that permit. For
the effective dates of the provisions contained in this code,
see the History Note page of this code.

1.1.10 Availability of codes. At least one complete copy each
of Titles 8, 19, 20, 24 and 25 with all revisions shall be main-
tained in the office of the building official responsible for the
administration and enforcement of this code. Each state
department concerned and each city, county, or city and
county shall have an up-to-date copy of the code available for
public inspection. See Health and Safety Code Section
18942(e) (l)and (2).

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

1.1.11 Format. This part fundamentally adopts the Interna-
tional Residential Code by reference on a chapter-by-chapter
basis. When a specific chapter of the International Residen-
tial Code is not printed in the code and is marked "Reserved”
such chapter of the International Residential Code is not
adopted as a portion of this code. When a specific chapter of
the International Residential Code is marked “Not adopted
by the State of California ” but appears in the code, it may be
available for adoption by local ordinance.

Note: Matrix Adoption Tables at the front of each chapter
may aid the code user in determining which chapter or sec-
tions within a chapter are applicable to buildings under the
authority of a specific state agency, but they are not to be
considered regulatory.

1.1.12 Validity. If any chapter, section, subsection, sentence,
clause or phrase of this code is for any reason held to be
unconstitutional, contrary to statute, exceeding the authority
of the state as stipulated by statutes or otherwise inoperative,
such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining
portion of this code.

SECTION 1.2
Reserved

SECTION 1.3
Reserved

SECTION 1.4
Reserved

SECTION 1.5
Reserved

SECTION 1.6
Reserved

SECTION 1.7
Reserved

SECTION 1.8

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING
AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (HCD)

1.8.1 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the
minimum requirements necessary to protect the health, safety
and general welfare of the occupants and the public by gov-
erning accessibility, erection, construction, reconstruction,
enlargement, conversion, alteration, repair, moving,
removal, demolition, occupancy, use, height, court, area,
sanitation, ventilation, maintenance and safety to life and
property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built
environment.

SECTION 1.8.2

AUTHORITY AND ABBREVIATIONS

1.8.2. 1 General. The Department of Housing and Community
Development is authorized by law to promulgate and adopt
building standards and regulations for several types of build-
ing applications. The applications under the authority of the
Department of Housing and Community Development are
listed in Sections 1.8. 2. 1.1 through 1.8. 2. 1.3.

1.8.2. 1.1 Housing construction.

Application — Hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments, | |
dwellings, dormitories, condominiums, shelters for home-
less persons, congregate residences, employee housing,
factory-built housing and other types of dwellings contain-
ing sleeping accommodations with or without common toi-
let or cooking facilities including accessory buildings,
facilities and uses thereto. Sections of this code which per-
tain to applications listed in this section are identified
using the abbreviation "HCD 1. ”

Enforcing agency — Local building department or the
Department of Housing and Community Development.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections 1 7040,
17050, 17920.9, 17921, 17921.3, 17921.6, 17921.10,
17922, 17922.6, 17922.12, 17927, 17928, 17959.6, 18300,
18552, 18554, 18620, 18630, 18640, 18670, 18690,
18691, 18865, 18871.3, 18871.4, 18873, 18873.1,
18873.2, 18873.3, 18873.4, 18873.5, 18938.3, 18944.11
and 19990; and Government Code Section 12955.1.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
through 17062.5, 17910 through 17995.5, 18200 through
18700, 18860 through 18874, 19960 through 19997; and
Government Code Sections 12955.1 and 12955.1.1.

1.8.2. 1.2 Housing accessibility.

Application — Covered multifamily dwellings as defined in
Chapter 2 of the California Building Code including, but
not limited to, lodging houses, dormitories, timeshares,
condominiums, shelters for homeless persons, congregate
residences, apartments, dwellings, employee housing, fac- | |
tory-built housing and other types of dwellings containing
sleeping accommodations with or without common toilet
or cooking facilities.

Disabled access regulations promulgated under HCD
authority are located in Chapter llA of the California
Building Code and are identified by the abbreviation
“HCD 1-AC. ” The application of such provisions shall be
in conjunction with other requirements of the Building
Standards Code and apply only to newly constructed cov-
ered multifamily dwellings as defined in Chapter 2 of the
California Building Code. "HCD 1-AC” applications
include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. All newly constructed covered multifamily dwellings
as defined in Chapter 2 of the California Building
Code.

2. New common use areas as defined in Chapter 2 of
the California Building Code serving existing cov-
ered multifamily dwellings.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

3. Additions to existing buildings, where the addition
alone meets the definition of covered multifamily
dwellings as defined in Chapter 2 of the California
Building Code.

4. Common use areas serving covered multifamily
dwellings.

5. Where any portion of a building ’s exterior is pre-
served, but the interior of the building is removed,
including all structural portions of floors and ceil-
ings, the building is considered a new building for
the purpose of determining the application of Cali-
fornia Building Code Chapter 1 lA.

“HCD 1-AC” building standards generally do not
apply to public use areas or public accommodations
such as hotels and motels or public housing. Public use
areas, public accommodations, and public housing as
defined in Chapter 2 of the California Building Code
are subject to the Division of the State Architect (DSA-
AC) in Chapter IIB and are referenced in California
Building Code Section 1.9.1.

Enforcing agency — Local building department or the
Department of Housing and Community Development.

18873.1. 18873.2, 18873.3, 18873.4, 18873.5, 18938.3,
18944.11 and 19990; and Government Code Section

12955.1.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
through 17062.5, 17910 through 17995.5, 18200
through 18700, 18860 through 18874, 19960 through
19997; and Government Code Sections 12955.1 and

12955.1.1.

1.8.2. 1.3 Permanent buildings in mobilehome parks
and special occupancy parks.

Application — Permanent buildings, and permanent
accessory buildings or structures, constructed within
mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks that
are under the control and ownership of the park opera-
tor. Sections of this code which pertain to applications
listed in this section are identified using the abbrevia-
tion “HCD 2. ”

Enforcing agency — The Department of Housing and
Community Development, local building department or
other local agency that has assumed responsibility for
the enforcement of Health and Safety Code, Division
13, Part 2.1, commencing with Section 18200 for
mobilehome parks and Health and Safety Code, Divi-
sion 13, Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 for
special occupancy parks.

18873.1, 18873.2, 18873.3, 18873.4, 18873.5, 18938.3,
18944.11 and 19990; and Government Code Section

12955.1.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 17000
through 17062.5, 17910 'through 17995.5, 18200
through 18700, 18860 through 18874 and 19960
through 19997; and Government Code Sections
12955.1 and 12955.1.1.

SECTION 1.8.3

LOCAL ENFORCING AGENCY

1.8.3. 1 Duties and powers. The building department of every
city, county, or city and county shall enforce all the provisions
of law, this code, and the other rules and regulations promul-
gated by the Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment pertaining to the installation, erection, construction,
reconstruction, movement, enlargement, conversion, alter-
ation, repair, removal, demolition or arrangement of apart-
ments, condominiums, hotels, motels, lodging houses and
dwellings, including accessory buildings, facilities and uses
thereto.

The provisions regulating the erection and construction of
dwellings and appurtenant structures shall not apply to exist-
ing structures as to which construction is commenced or
approved prior to the effective date of these regulations.
Requirements relating to use, maintenance and occupancy
shall apply to all dwellings and appurtenant structures
approved for construction or constructed before or after the
effective date of this code.

For additional information regarding the use and occu-
pancy of existing buildings and appurtenant structures, see
California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter
1, Subchapter 1, commencing with Article 1, Section 1.

1.8.3.2 Laws, rules and regulations. Other than the building
standards contained in this code, and notwithstanding other
provisions of law, the statutory authority and location of the
laws, rules and regulations to be enforced by local enforcing
agencies are listed by statute in Sections 1.8. 3. 2.1 through
1.8. 3. 2. 5 below:

1.8.3.2.1 State Housing Law. Refer to the State Housing
Law, California Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part
1.5, commencing with Section 17910 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1,
commencing with Section 1, for the erection, construction,
reconstruction, movement, enlargement, conversion, alter-
ation, repair, removal, demolition or arrangement of apart-
ments, condominiums, hotels, motels, lodging houses and
dwellings, including accessory buildings, facilities and uses
thereto.

1.8.3. 2.2 Mobilehome Parks Act. Refer to the Mobilehome
Parks Act, California Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
Part 2.1, commencing with Section 18200 and California
Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2, com-
mencing with Section 1000 for mobilehome park adminis-
trative and enforcement authority, permits, plans, fees,
violations, inspections and penalties both within and out-
side mobilehome parks.

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DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

Exception: Mobilehome parks where the Department
of Housing and Community Development is the enforc-
ing agency.

1.8.3. 2. 3 Special Occupancy Parks Act. Refer to the Spe-
cial Occupancy Parks Act, California Health and Safety
Code, Division 13, Part 2.3, commencing with Section
18860 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 2.2, commencing with Section 2000
for special occupancy park administrative and enforce-
ment authority, permits, fees, violations, inspections and
penalties both within and outside of special occupancy
parks.

Exception: Special occupancy parks where the Depart-
ment of Housing and Community Development is the
enforcing agency.

1.8.3.2.4 Employee Housing Act. Refer to the Employee
Housing Act, California Health and Safety Code, Division
13, Part 1, commencing with Section 17000 and Califor-
nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1,
Subchapter 3, commencing with Section 600 for employee
housing administrative and enforcement authority, per-
mits, fees, violations, inspections and penalties.

1.8.3.2.5 Eactory-Built Housing Law. Refer to the Fac-
tory-Built Housing Law, California Health and Safety
Code, Division 13, Part 6, commencing with Section
19960 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25, Divi-
sion 1, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1, commencing with Section
3000 for factory-built housing administrative and enforce-
ment authority, permits, fees, violations, inspections and
penalties.

SECTION 1.8.4
PERMITS, FEES,

APPLICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS

1.8.4.1 Permits. A written construction permit shall be
obtained from the enforcing agency prior to the erection,
construction, reconstruction, installation, moving or alter-
ation of any building or structure.

Exceptions:

1. Work exempt from permits as specified in Chapter 1,
Scope and Application, Division 11, Administration,
Section R105.2.

2. Changes, alterations or repairs of a minor nature
not affecting structural features, egress, sanitation,
safety or accessibility as determined by the enforc-
ing agency.

Exemptions from permit requirements shall not be deemed
to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner
in violation of other provisions of law or this code.

1. 8.4.2 Eees. Subject to other provisions of law, the govern-
ing body of any city, county, or city and county may prescribe
fees to defray the cost of enforcement of rules and regulations
promulgated by the Department of Housing and Community
Development. The amount of the fees shall not exceed the
amount reasonably necessary to administer or process per-
mits, certificates, forms or other documents, or to defray the

costs of enforcement. For additional information, see State
Housing Law, Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5,
Section 17951 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1, Article 3, commencing
with Section 6.

1.8.4.3 Plan review and time limitations. Subject to other
provisions of law, provisions related to plan checking, prohi-
bition of excessive delays and contracting with or employ-
ment of private parties to perform plan checking are set forth
in State Housing Law, Health and Safety Code Section
17960.1, and for employee housing, in Health and Safety
Code Section 17021.

1.8.4.3.1 Retention of plans. The building department of
every city, county, or city and county shall maintain an
official copy, microfilm, electronic or other type of photo-
graphic copy of the plans of every building, during the life
of the building, for which the department issued a building
permit.

Exceptions:

1. Single or multiple dwellings not more than two
stories and basement in height.

2. Garages and other structures appurtenant to
buildings listed in Exception 1.

3. Farm or ranch buildings appurtenant to build-
ings listed in Exception 1.

4. Any one-story building where the span between
bearing walls does not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm),
except a steel frame or concrete building.

All plans for common interest developments as defined
in Section 4100 of the California Civil Code shall be \ \
retained. For additional information regarding plan
retention and reproduction of plans by an enforcing
agency, see Health and Safety Code Sections 19850
through 19852.

1.8.4.4 Inspections. Construction or work for which a permit
is required shall be subject to inspection by the building offi-
cial, and such construction or work shall remain accessible
and exposed for inspection purposes until approved.
Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed
to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code
or other regulations of the Department of Housing and Com-
munity Development. Required inspections are listed in
Chapter 1, Scope and Application, Division 11, Administra-
tion, Sections R109.1.1, R109. 1.1.1, R109.1.3, R109.1.4,
R109.1.4.1, R109.1.4.2, R109.1.5, R109.1.5.1, R109.1.5.2,
R109.1.6, R109.1.6.1 and R109.1.6.2.

SECTION 1.8.5

RIGHT OF ENTRY FOR ENFORCEMENT

1.8.5. 1 General. Subject to other provisions of law, officers
and agents of the enforcing agency may enter and inspect
public and private properties to secure compliance with the
rules and regulations promulgated by the Department of
Housing and Community Development. For limitations and
additional information regarding enforcement, see the fol-
lowing:

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1. For applications subject to the State Flousing Law as
referenced in Section 1.8. 3. 2.1 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5, com-
mencing with Section 17910 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchap-
ter 1, commencing with Section 1.

2. For applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act
as referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2.2 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 2.1, com-
mencing with Section 18200 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2, commenc-
ing with Section 1 000.

3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy
Parks Act as referenced in Section 1. 8.3.2. 3 of this
Code, refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 and Califor-
nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter
2.2, commencing with Section 2000.

4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act
as referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2.4 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1, Section
1 7000 and California Code of Regulations, Title 25,
Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3, commencing with
Section 600.

5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing
Law as referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2. 5 of this code,
refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 6,
commencing with Sections 19960 and California Code
of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Sub-
chapter 1, commencing with Section 3000.

SECTION 1.8.6
LOCAL MODIFICATION BY
ORDINANCE OR REGULATION

1. 8.6.1 General. Subject to other provisions of law, a city,
county, or city and county may make changes to the provi-
sions adopted by the Department of Housing and Community
Development. If any city, county, or city and county does not
amend, add or repeal by local ordinances or regulations the
provisions published in this code or other regulations pro-
mulgated by the Department of Housing and Community
Development, those provisions shall be applicable and shall
become effective 180 days after publication by the California
Building Standards Commission. Amendments, additions and
deletions to this code adopted by a city, county, or city and
county pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Sec-
tions 17958.5, 17958.7 and 18941.5, together with all appli-
cable portions of this code, shall also become effective 180
days after publication of the California Building Standards
Code by the California Building Standards Commission.

1.8. 6.2 Findings, filings and rejections of local modifica-
tions. Prior to making any modifications or establishing more
restrictive building standards, the governing body shall make
express findings and filings, as required by California Health
and Safety Code Section 1 7958. 7, showing that such modifi-
cations are reasonably necessary due to local climatic, geo-
logical or topographical conditions. No modification shall

become effective or operative unless the following require-
ments are met:

1. The express findings shall be made available as a pub-
lic record.

2. A copy of the modification and express finding, each
document marked to cross-reference the other, shall be
filed with the California Building Standards Commis-
sion for a city, county, or city and county and with the
Department of Housing and Community Development
for fire protection districts.

3. The California Building Standards Commission has not
rejected the modification or change.

Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of fire pro-
tection districts pursuant to California Health and Safety
Code Section 13869.7(a).

SECTION 1.8.7

ALTERNATE MATERIALS, DESIGNS,

TESTS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

1.8.7. 1 General. The provisions of this code as adopted by
the Department of Housing and Community Development are
not intended to prevent the use of any alternate material,
appliance, installation, device, arrangement, design or
method of construction not specifically prescribed by this
code. Consideration and approval of alternates shall comply
with Section 1.8.7. 2 for local building departments and Sec-
tion 1.8.7. 3 for the Department of Housing and Community
Development.

1.8.7. 2 Local building departments. The building department
of any city, county, or city and county may approve alternates
for use in the erection, construction, reconstruction, move-
ment, enlargement, conversion, alteration, repair, removal,
demolition or arrangement of apartments, condominiums,
hotels, motels, lodging houses, dwellings, or accessory struc-
tures, except for the following:

1. Structures located in mobilehome parks as defined in
California Health and Safety Code Section 18214.

2. Structures located in special occupancy parks as
defined in California Health and Safety Code Section
18862.43.

3. Factory-built housing as defined in California Health
and Safety Code Section 19971.

1.8.7.2.1 Approval of alternates. The consideration and

approval of alternates by a local building department

shall comply with the following procedures and limita-
tions:

1. The approval shall be granted on a case-by-case
basis.

2. Evidence shall be submitted to substantiate claims
that the proposed alternate, in performance, safety
and protection of life and health, conforms to, or is
at least equivalent to, the standards contained in this
code and other rules and regulations promulgated
by the Department of Housing and Community
Development.

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3. The local building department may require tests
performed by an approved testing agency at the
expense of the owner or owner’s agent as proof of
compliance.

4. If the proposed alternate is related to accessibility in
covered multifamily dwellings or in facilities serving
covered multifamily dwellings as defined in CBC
Chapter 2, the proposed alternate must also meet
the threshold set for equivalent facilitation as
defined in Chapter 2 of the California Building
Code.

For additional information regarding approval of
alternates by a building department pursuant to the State
Housing Law, see California Health and Safety Code Sec-
tion 17951(e) and California Code of Regulations, Title
25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1.

1. 8.7.3 Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment. The Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment may approve alternates for use in the erection,
construction, reconstruction, movement, enlargement, con-
version, alteration, repair, removal or demolition of apart-
ments, condominiums, hotels, motels, lodging houses,
dwellings, or an accessory thereto and permanent buildings
in mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks. The con-
sideration and approval of alternates shall comply with the
following:

1. The department may require tests at the expense of the
owner or owner’s agent to substantiate compliance
with the California Building Standards Code.

2. The approved alternate shall, for its intended purpose,
be at least equivalent in performance and safety to the
materials, designs, tests or methods of construction
prescribed by this code.

SECTION 1.8.8
APPEALS BOARD

1.8. 8.1 General. Every city, county, or city and county shall
establish a process to hear and decide appeals of orders,
decisions and determinations made by the enforcing agency
relative to the application and interpretation of this code and

I I other regulations governing construction, use, maintenance
and change of occupancy. The governing body of any city,
county, or city and county may establish a local appeals
board and a housing appeals board to serve this purpose.
Members of the appeals board(s) shall not be employees of
the enforcing agency and shall be knowledgeable in the
applicable building codes, regulations and ordinances as
determined by the governing body of the city, county, or city
and county.

Where no such appeals boards or agencies have been
established, the governing body of the city, county, or city
and county shall serve as the local appeals board or housing
appeals board as specified in California Health and Safety
Code Sections 17920.5 and 17920.6.

1. 8.8.2 Definitions. The following terms shall for the pur-
poses of this section have the meaning shown.

HOUSING APPEALS BOARD. The board or agency of a
city, county, or city and county which is authorized by the
governing body of the city, county, or city and county to
hear appeals regarding the requirements of the city,
county or city and county relating to the use, maintenance
and change of occupancy of buildings and structures,
including requirements governing alteration, additions,
repair, demolition and moving. In any area in which there
is no such board or agency, “Housing Appeals Board”
means the local appeals board having jurisdiction over the
area.

LOCAL APPEALS BOARD. The board or agency of a
city, county, or city and county which is authorized by the
governing body of the city, county, or city and county to
hear appeals regarding the building requirements of the
city, county, or city and county. In any area in which there
is no such board or agency, “Local Appeals Board”
means the governing body of the city, county, or city and
county having jurisdiction over the area.

1.8.8.3 Appeals. Except as otherwise provided in law, any
person, firm or corporation adversely affected by a decision,
order or determination by a city, county, or city and county
relating to the application of building standards published in
the California Building Standards Code, or any other appli-
cable rule or regulation adopted by the Department of Hous-
ing and Community Development, or any lawfully enacted
ordinance by a city, county, or city and county, may appeal
the issue for resolution to the local appeals board or housing
appeals board as appropriate.

The local appeals board shall hear appeals relating to
new building construction, and the housing appeals board
shall hear appeals relating to existing buildings.

SECTION 1.8.9

UNSAFE BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES

1.8.9. 1 Authority to enforce. Subject to other provisions of
law, the administration, enforcement, actions, proceedings,
abatement, violations and penalties for unsafe buildings and
structures are contained in the following statutes and regula-
tions:

1. Eor applications subject to the State Housing Law as
referenced in Section 1.8. 3. 2.1 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5, com-
mencing with Section 17910 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchap-
ter 1, commencing with Section 1.

2. Eor applications subject to the Mobilehome Parks Act
as referenced in Section 1.8. 3. 2. 2 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 2.1, com-
mencing with Section 18200 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 2, commenc-
ing with Section 1000.

3. Eor applications subject to the Special Occupancy
Parks Act as referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2. 3 of this
code, refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 and Calif or-

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nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter
2.2, commencing with Section 2000.

4. For applications subject to the Employee Housing Act
as referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2.4 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1, commenc-
ing with Section 17000 and California Code of Regula-
tions, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3,
commencing with Section 600.

5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing
Law as referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2. 5 of this code,
refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 6,
commencing with Section 19960 and California Code
of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Sub-
chapter 1, commencing with Section 3000.

1.8.9.2 Actions and proceedings. Subject to other provisions
of law, punishments, penalties and fines for violations of
building standards are contained in the following statutes
and regulations:

1. For applications subject to the State Housing Law as
referenced in Section 1.8. 3. 2.1 of this code, refer to
Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5, com-
mencing with Section 17910 and California Code of
Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchap-
ter 1, commencing with Section 1.

3. For applications subject to the Special Occupancy
Parks Act as referenced in Section 1. 8.3.2. 3 of this
code, refer to the Health and Safety Code, Division 13,
Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860 and Califor-
nia Code of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter
2.2, commencing with Section 2000.

5. For applications subject to the Factory-Built Housing
Law as referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2. 5 of this code,
refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 6,
commencing with Section 19960 and California Code
of Regulations, Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 3, Sub-
chapter 1, commencing with Section 3000.

SECTION 1.8.10

OTHER BUILDING REGULATIONS

1.8.10.1 Existing structures. Subject to the requirements of
California Health and Safety Code Sections 17912, 17920.3,
17922, 17922.3, 17958.8 and 17958.9, provisions relating to

existing structures (additions, alterations and repairs) shall
only apply as identified in the California Existing Building
Code, Matrix Adoption Table under the authority of the
Department of Housing and Community Development as
listed in Sections 1.8.2. 1.1 through 1.8. 2. 1.3 of this code.

1.8.10.2 Moved structures. Subject to the requirements of
California Health and Safety Code Sections 17922.3 and
17958.9, provisions relating to a moved residential structure
are located in the California Existing Building Code and
shall only apply as identified in the California Existing Build-
ing Code Matrix Adoption Table under the authority of the
Department of Housing and Community Development as
listed in Sections 1.8. 2. 1.1 through 1.8. 2. 1.3 of this code.

SECTION 1.9
Reserved

SECTION 1.10
Reserved

SECTION 1.11

OFFICE OF THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL

1.11.1 SEM — Office of the State Fire Marshal. Specific
scope of application of the agency responsible for enforce-
ment, the enforcement agency and the specific authority to
adopt and enforce such provisions of this code, unless other-
wise stated.

Application. Institutional, educational or any similar occu-
pancy. Any building or structure used or intended for use as
an asylum, jail, mental hospital, hospital, sanitarium, home
for the aged, children’s nursery, children’s home, school or
any similar occupancy of any capacity.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Assembly or similar place of assemblage. Any theater,
dancehall, skating rink, auditorium, assembly hall, meeting
hall, nightclub, fair building or similar place of assemblage
where 50 or more persons may gather together in a building,
room or structure for the purpose of amusement, entertain-
ment, instruction, deliberation, worship, drinking or dining,
awaiting transportation, or education.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Small family day-care homes.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections

1597.45, 1597.54, 13143 and 17921.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Large family day-care homes.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections

1597.46, 1597.54 and 17921.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

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Residential facilities and residential facilities for the elderly.
Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13133.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied
building.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13108.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

High-rise structures.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13211.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Motion picture production studios.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section

13143.1.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Organized camps.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section

18897.3.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Residential. All hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment
houses and dwellings, including congregate residences and
buildings and structures accessory thereto. Multiple -story
structures existing on January 1, 1975, let for human habita-
tion, including and limited to, hotels, motels and apartment
houses, less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest floor
level having building access, wherein rooms used for sleep-
ing are let above the ground floor.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections
13143.2 and 17921.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Residential care facilities. Certified family care homes, out-
of-home placement facilities, halfway houses, drug and/or
alcohol rehabilitation facilities and any building or structure
used or intended for use as a home or institution for the hous-
ing of any person of any age when such person is referred to
or placed within such home or institution for protective social
care and supervision services by any governmental agency.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Tents, awnings or other fabric enclosures used in connec-
tion with any occupancy.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13116.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Fire alarm devices, equipment and systems in connection
with any occupancy.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13114.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Hazardous materials.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section
13143.9.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Flammable and combustible liquids.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6.
Reference — Health and Safety Code Section 13143.

Public school automatic fire detection, alarm and sprinkler

systems.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Section 13143
and California Education Code Article 7.5, Sections
17074.50, 17074.52 and 17074.54.

Reference — Government Code Section 11152.5, Health
and Safety Code Section 13143 and California Education
Code Chapter 12.5, Leroy E. Greene School Facilities Act
of 1998, Article 1.

Wildland-Urban interface fire area.

Authority cited — Health and Safety Code Sections 13143,
13108.5(a) and 18949.2(b) and (c) and Government Code
Section 51189.

Reference — Health and Safety Code Sections 13143,
Government Code Sections 51176, 51177, 51178 and
51179 and Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through
4204.

1.11.1.1 Adopting agency identification. The provisions
of this code applicable to buildings identified in this Sub-
section 1.11.1 will be identified in the Matrix Adoption
Tables under the acronym SFM.

1.11.2 Duties and powers of the enforcing agency.

1.11.2.1 Enforcement.

1.11.2.1.1 The responsibility for enforcement of build-
ing standards adopted by the State Fire Marshal and
published in the California Building Standards Code
relating to fire and panic safety and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal shall except as provided in
Section 1.11.2.1.2 be as follows:

1. The city, county, or city and county with jurisdic-
tion in the area affected by the standard or regu-
lation shall delegate the enforcement of the
building standards relating to fire and panic
safety and other regulations of the State Fire
Marshal as they relate to Group R-3 occupan-
cies, as described in Section 1.1. 3.1 or CCR, Part
2 California Building Code, Section 310.1, to
either of the following:

1.1. The chief of the fire authority of the city,
county or city and county, or an authorized
representative.

1.2. The chief building official of the city, county
or city and county, or an authorized repre-
sentative.

2. The chief of any city or county fire department or
of any fire protection district, and authorized
representatives, shall enforce within the jurisdic-
tion the building standards and other regulations
of the State Fire Marshal, except those described
in Item 1 or 4.

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3. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to
enforce the building standards and other regula-
tions of the State Fire Marshal in areas outside of
corporate cities and districts providing fire pro-
tection services.

4. The State Fire Marshal shall have authority to
enforce the building standards and other regula-
tions of the State Fire Marshal in corporate cities
and districts providing fire protection services on
request of the chief fire official or the governing
body.

5. Any fee charged pursuant to the enforcement
authority of this section shall not exceed the esti-
mated reasonable cost of providing the service
for which the fee is charged pursuant to Section
66014 of the Government Code.

1.11.2.1.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13108, and except as otherwise provided in this sec-
tion, building standards adopted by the State Fire Mar-
shal published in the California Building Standards
Code relating to fire and panic safety shall be enforced
by the State Fire Marshal in all state-owned buildings,
state-occupied buildings and state institutions through-
out the state. Upon the written request of the chief fire
official of any city, county, or fire protection district,
the State Fire Marshal may authorize such chief fire
official and his or her authorized representatives, in
their geographical area of responsibility, to make fire
prevention inspections of state-owned or state-occu-
pied buildings, other than state institutions, for the pur-
pose of enforcing the regulations relating to fire and
panic safety adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursu-
ant to this section and building standards relating to
fire and panic safety published in the California Build-
ing Standards Code. Authorization from the State Fire
Marshal shall be limited to those fire departments or
fire districts which maintain a fire prevention bureau
staffed by paid personnel.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13108,
any requirement or order made by any chief fire official
who is authorized by the State Fire Marshal to make
fire prevention inspections of state-owned or state-
occupied buildings, other than state institutions, may
be appealed to the State Fire Marshal. The State Fire
Marshal shall, upon receiving an appeal and subject to
the provisions of Chapter 5 ( commencing with Section
18945) of Part 2.5 of Division 13 of the Health and
Safety Code, determine if the requirement or order
made is reasonably consistent with the fire and panic
safety regulations adopted by the State Fire Marshal
and building standards relating to fire and panic safety
published in the California Building Code.

Any person may request a code interpretation from
the State Fire Marshal relative to the intent of any reg-
ulation or provision adopted by the State Fire Marshal.
When the request relates to a specific project, occu-
pancy or building, the State Fire Marshal shall review

the issue with the appropriate local enforcing agency
prior to rendering such code interpretation.

1.11.2.1.3 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13112, any person who violates any order, rule or reg-
ulation of the State Fire Marshal is guilty of a misde-
meanor punishable by a fine of not less than $100.00 or
more than $500.00, or by imprisonment for not less
than six months, or by both. A person is guilty of a sep-
arate offense each day during which he or she commits,
continues or permits a violation of any provision of, or
any order, rule or regulation of, the State Fire Marshal
as contained in this code.

Any inspection authority who, in the exercise of his
or her authority as a deputy State Fire Marshal, causes
any legal complaints to be filed or any arrest to be
made shall notify the State Fire Marshal immediately
following such action.

1.11.2.2 Right of entry. The fire chief of any city, county or
fire protection district, or such person ’s authorized repre-
sentative, may enter any state institution or any other state-
owned or state-occupied building for the purpose of prepar-
ing afire suppression preplanning program or for the pur-
pose of investigating any fire in a state-occupied building.

The State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried
assistants, the chief of any city or county fire department
or fire protection district and his or her authorized repre-
sentatives may enter any building or premises not used for
dwelling purposes at any reasonable hour for the purpose
of enforcing this chapter. The owner, lessee, manager or
operator of any such building or premises shall permit the
State Fire Marshal, his or her deputies or salaried assis-
tants and the chief of any city or county fire department or
fire protection district and his or her authorized represen-
tatives to enter and inspect them at the time and for the
purpose stated in this section.

1.11.2.3 More restrictive fire and panic safety building
standards.

1.11.2.3.1 Any fire protection district organized pursu-
ant to Health and Safety Code Part 2.7 (commencing
with Section 13800) of Division 12 may adopt building
standards relating to fire and panic safety that are
more stringent than those building standards adopted
by the State Fire Marshal and contained in the Califor-
nia Building Standards Code. For these purposes, the
district board shall be deemed a legislative body and
the district shall be deemed a local agency. Any
changes or modifications that are more stringent than
the requirements published in the California Building
Standards Code relating to fire and panic safety shall
be subject to Section 1. 1.8.1.

1.11.2.3.2 Any fire protection district that proposes to
adopt an ordinance pursuant to this section shall, not
less than 30 days prior to noticing a proposed ordi-
nance for public hearing, provide a copy of that ordi-
nance, together with the adopted findings made
pursuant to Section 1.11.2.3.1, to the city, county, or

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city and county where the ordinance will apply. The
city, county, or city and county may provide the district
with written comments, which shall become part of the
fire protection district’s public hearing record.

1.11.2.3.3 The fire protection district shall transmit the
adopted ordinance to the city, county, or city and
county where the ordinance will apply. The legislative
body of the city, county, or city and county may ratify,
modify or deny an adopted ordinance and transmit its
determination to the district within 15 days of the deter-
mination. Any modification or denial of an adopted
ordinance shall include a written statement describing
the reasons for any modifications or denial. No ordi-
nance adopted by the district shall be effective until rat-
ification by the city, county, or city and county where
the ordinance will apply. Upon ratification of an
adopted ordinance, the city, county, or city and county
shall file a copy of the findings of the district, and any
findings of the city, county, or city and county, together
with the adopted ordinance expressly marked and iden-
tified to which each finding refers, in accordance with
Section 1.1. 8.1:3.

1.11.2.4 Request for alternate means of proteetion.

Requests for approval to use an alternative material,
assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment or means of protection
shall be made in writing to the enforcing agency by the
owner or the owner’s authorized representative and shall
be accompanied by a full statement of the conditions. Suf-
ficient evidence or proof shall be submitted to substantiate
any claim that may be made regarding its conformance.
The enforcing agency may require tests and the submis-
sion of a test report from an approved testing organization
as set forth in Title 19, California Code of Regulation, to
substantiate the equivalency of the proposed alternative
means of protection.

When a request for alternate means of protection
involves hazardous materials, the authority having juris-
diction may consider implementation of the findings and
recommendations identified in a Risk Management Plan
(RMP) developed in accordance with Title 19, Division 2,
Chapter 4.5, Article 3.

Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,
assembly of materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment or means of protection
made pursuant to these provisions shall be limited to the
particular case covered by request and shall not be con-
strued as establishing any precedent for any future request.

1.11.2.5 Appeals. When a request for an alternate means of
protection has been denied by the enforcing agency, the
applicant may file a written appeal to the State Fire Mar-
shal for consideration of the applicant’s proposal. In con-
sidering such appeal, the State Fire Marshal may seek the
advice of the State Board of Fire Services. The State Fire
Marshal shall, after considering all of the facts presented,
including any recommendations of the State Board of Fire
Services, determine if the proposal is for the purposes
intended, at least equivalent to that specified in these regu-
lations in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance.

durability and safety, and shall transmit such findings and
any recommendations to the applicant and to the enforcing
agency.

1.11.3 Construction documents.

1.11.3.1 Public schools. Plans and specifications for the
construction, alteration or addition to any building owned,
leased or rented by any public school district shall be sub-
mitted to the Division of the State Architect.

1.11.3.2 Movable walls and partitions. Plans or diagrams
shall be submitted to the enforcing agency for approval
before the installation of, or rearrangement of, any mov-
able wall or partition in any occupancy. Approval shall be
granted only if there is no increase in the fire hazard.

1.11.3.3 New eonstruction high-rise buildings.

1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
prepared covering all work required to comply with
new construction high-rise buildings. Such plans
and specifications shall be submitted to the enforc-
ing agency having jurisdiction.

2. All plans and specifications shall be prepared under
the responsible charge of an architect or a civil or
structural engineer authorized by law to develop
construction plans and specifications, or by both
such architect and engineer. Plans and specifica-
tions shall be prepared by an engineer duly quali-
fied in that branch of engineering necessary to
perform such services. Administration of the work of
construction shall be under the charge of the
responsible architect or engineer except that where
plans and specifications involve alterations or
repairs, such work of construction may be adminis-
tered by an engineer duly qualified to perform such
services and holding a valid certificate under Chap-
ter 7 (commencing with Section 65700) of Division 3
of the Business and Professions Code for perfor-
mance of services in that branch of engineering in
which said plans, specifications and estimates and
work of construction are applicable.

This section shall not be construed as preventing the
design of fire-extinguishing systems by persons holding a
C-16 license issued pursuant to Division 3, Chapter 9,
Business and Professions Code. In such instances, how-
ever, the responsibility charge of this section shall prevail.

1.11.3.4 Existing high-rise buildings.

1. Complete plans or specifications, or both, shall be
prepared covering all work required by Chapter 11
of the California Fire Code and the California
Existing Building Code for existing high-rise build-
ings. Such plans or specifications shall be submitted
to the enforcing agency having jurisdiction.

2. When new construction is required to conform with
the provisions of these regulations, complete plans
or specifications, or both, shall be prepared in
accordance with the provisions of this subsection.
As used in this section, “new construction” is not
intended to include repairs, replacements or minor

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DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

alterations which do not disrupt or appreciably add
to or ajfect the structural aspects of the building.

1.11.3.5 Retention of plans. Refer to Building Standards
Law, Health and Safety Code Sections 19850 and 19851
for permanent retention of plans.

1.11.4 Fees.

1.11.4.1 Other fees. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code
Section 13146.2, a city, county or district which inspects a
hotel, motel, lodging house or apartment house may charge
and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of the
structure in an amount, as determined by the city, county or
district, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.

1.11.4.2 Large family day-care. Pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 1597.46, Large Family Day-Care
Homes, the local government shall process any required
permit as economically as possible, and fees charged for
review shall not exceed the costs of the review and permit
process.

1.11.4.3 High -rise. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code
Section 13217, High-rise Structure Inspection: Fees and
costs, a local agency which inspects a high-rise structure
pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13217 may
charge and collect a fee for the inspection from the owner of
the high-rise structure in an amount, as determined by the
local agency, sufficient to pay its costs of that inspection.

1.11.4.4 Fire clearance preinspection. Pursuant to Health
and Safety Code Section 13235, Fire Clearance Prein-
spection, fee, upon receipt of a request from a prospective
licensee of a community care facility, as defined in Section
1502, of a residential care facility for the elderly, as
defined in Section 1569.2, or of a child day-care facility,
as defined in Section 1596.750, the local fire enforcing
agency, as defined in Section 13244, or State Fire Mar-
shal, whichever has primary jurisdiction, shall conduct a
preinspection of the facility prior to the final fire clear-
ance approval. At the time of the preinspection, the pri-
mary fire enforcing agency shall price consultation and
interpretation of the fire safety regulations and shall notify
the prospective licensee of the facility in writing of the
specific fire safety regulations which shall be enforced in
order to obtain fire clearance approval. A fee equal to, but
not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection services
may be charged for the preinspection of a facility with a
capacity to serve 25 or fewer persons. A fee equal to, but
not exceeding, the actual cost of the preinspection services
may be charged for a preinspection of a facility with a
capacity to serve 26 or more persons.

1.11.4.5 Care facilities. The primary fire enforcing agency
shall complete the final fire clearance inspection for a
community care facility, residential care facility for the
elderly, or child day-care facility within 30 days of receipt
of the request for the final inspection, or as of the date the
prospective facility requests the final prelicensure inspec-
tion by the State Department of Social Services, whichever
is later.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13235, a
preinspection fee equal to, but not exceeding, the actual
cost of the preinspection services may be charged for a
facility with a capacity to serve 25 or less clients. A fee
equal to, but not exceeding, the actual cost of the prein-
spection services may be charged for a preinspection of a
facility with a capacity to serve 26 or more clients.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13131.5, a
reasonable final inspection fee, not to exceed the actual
cost of inspection services necessary to complete a final
inspection may be charged for occupancies classified as
residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFE).

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 1569.84,
neither the State Fire Marshal nor any local public entity
shall charge any fee for enforcing fire inspection regula-
tions pursuant to state law or regulation or local ordi-
nance, with respect to residential care facilities for the
elderly (RCFE) which service six or fewer persons.

1.11.4.6 Requests of the Office of the State Fire Marshal.

Whenever a local authority having jurisdiction requests
that the State Fire Marshal perform plan review and/or
inspection services related to a building permit, the appli-
cable fees for such shall be payable to the Office of the
State Fire Marshal.

1.11.5 Inspections. Work performed subject to the provisions

of this code shall comply with the inspection requirements of

Sections R109.1 through R109.1.6.

1.11.5.1 Existing Group 1-1 or R occupancies. Licensed
24-hour care in a Group 1-1 or R occupancy in existence
and originally classified under previously adopted state
codes shall be reinspected under the appropriate previous
code, provided there is no change in the use or character
which would place the facility in a different occupancy
group.

1.11.6 Certificate of occupancy. A certificate of occupancy

shall be issued as specified in Section RllO.

1.11.7 Temporary structures and uses. See Section R107.

1.11.8 Service utilities. See Section Rill.

1.11.9 Stop work order. See Section R114.

1.11.10 Unsafe buildings, structures and equipment. See

Title 24, Part 2, California Building Code, Section 115.

SECTION 1.12
Reserved

SECTION 1.13
Reserved

SECTION 1.14
Reserved

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DIVISION II
ADMINISTRATION

Division II is not adopted by the Department of Housing and Community Development
or the State Fire Marshal exeept where specifieally indicated.

SECTION R101
GENERAL

RlOl.l Title. These provisions shall be known as the Resi-
dential Code for One- and Two-family Dwellings of [NAME
OF JURISDICTION], and shall be cited as such and will be
referred to herein as “this code.”

R101.2 Scope. The provisions of the California Residential
Code for One- and Two-family Dwellings shall apply to the
construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replace-
ment, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location,
removal and demolition of detached one- and two-family
dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above
grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and
their accessory structures not more than three stories above
grade plane in height.

Exceptions:

1. Live/work units located in townhouses and comply-
ing with the requirements of Section 419 of the Cal-
ifornia Building Code shall be permitted to be
constructed in accordance with the California Resi-
dential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
Fire suppression required by Section 419.5 of the
California Building Code where constructed under
the California Residential Code for One- and Two-
family Dwellings shall conform to Section R313.

2. Owner-occupied lodging houses with five or fewer
guestrooms shall be permitted to be constructed in
accordance with the California Residential Code for
One- and Two-family Dwellings where equipped
with a fire sprinkler system in accordance with Sec-
tion R313.

R101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to establish mini-
mum requirements to safeguard the public safety, health and
general welfare through affordability, structural strength,
means of egress facilities, stability, sanitation, light and venti-
lation, energy conservation and safety to life and property
from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environ-
ment and to provide safety to fire fighters and emergency
responders during emergency operations.

SECTION R102
APPLICABILITY

R102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general
requirement and a specific requirement, the specific require-
ment shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case, differ-
ent sections of this code specify different materials, methods
of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive
shall govern.

R102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be
deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.

R102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or
section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified
by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section
or provision of this code.

R102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and
standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of
the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each
such reference and as further regulated in Sections R102.4.1
and R102.4.2.

Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision would
violate the conditions of the listing of the equipment or
appliance, the conditions of the listing and manufacturer’s
instructions shall apply.

R102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provi-
sions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the
provisions of this code shall apply.

R102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards.

Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or
standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of
this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall
take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code
or standard.

R102.5 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not
apply unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordi-
nance.

R102.6 Partial invalidity. In the event any part or provision
of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the
effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or pro-
visions.

R102.7 Existing structures. The legal occupancy of any
structure existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be
permitted to continue without change, except as is specifi-
cally covered in this code, the International Property Mainte-
nance Code or the California Fire Code, or as is deemed
necessary by the building official for the general safety and
welfare of the occupants and the public.

R102.7.1 Additions, alterations or repairs. Additions,
alterations or repairs to any structure shall conform to the
requirements for a new structure without requiring the
existing structure to comply with the requirements of this
code, unless otherwise stated. Additions, alterations,
repairs and relocations shall not cause an existing structure
to become unsafe or adversely affect the performance of
the building.

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DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

SECTION R103

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SAFETY

R103.1 Creation of enforcement agency. The department of
building safety is hereby created and the official in charge
thereof shall be known as the building official.

R103.2 Appointment. The building official shall be
appointed by the jurisdiction.

R103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed proce-
dures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the
appointing authority, the building official shall have the
authority to appoint a deputy building official, the related
technical officers, inspectors, plan examiners and other
employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated
by the building official.

SECTION R104

DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL

R104.1 General. The building official is hereby authorized
and directed to enforce the provisions of this code. The build-
ing official shall have the authority to render interpretations
of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to
clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations,
policies and procedures shall be in conformance with the
intent and purpose of this code. Such policies and procedures
shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically
provided for in this code.

R104.2 Applications and permits. The building official
shall receive applications, review construction documents
and issue permits for the erection and alteration of buildings
and structures, inspect the premises for which such permits
have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions
of this code.

R104.3 Notices and orders. The building official shall issue
all necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this
code.

R104.4 Inspections. The building official shall make the
required inspections, or the building official shall have the
authority to accept reports of inspection by approved agen-
cies or individuals. Reports of such inspections shall be in
writing and be certified by a responsible officer of such
approved agency or by the responsible individual. The build-
ing official is authorized to engage such expert opinion as
deemed necessary to report upon unusual technical issues that
arise, subject to the approval of the appointing authority.

R104.5 Identification. The building official shall carry
proper identification when inspecting structures or premises
in the performance of duties under this code.

R104.6 Right of entry. Where it is necessary to make an
inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or where the
building official has reasonable cause to believe that there
exists in a structure or upon a premises a condition that is
contrary to or in violation of this code that makes the struc-
ture or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the building
official or designee is authorized to enter the structure or
premises at reasonable times to inspect or to perform the
duties imposed by this code, provided that if such structure or

premises be occupied that credentials be presented to the
occupant and entry requested. If such structure or premises is
unoccupied, the building official shall first make a reasonable
effort to locate the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, or |
other person having charge or control of the structure or
premises and request entry. If entry is refused, the building
official shall have recourse to the remedies provided by law
to secure entry.

R104.7 Department records. The building official shall
keep official records of applications received, permits and
certificates issued, fees collected, reports of inspections, and
notices and orders issued. Such records shall be retained in
the official records for the period required for the retention of
public records.

R104.8 Liability. The building official, member of the board
of appeals or employee charged with the enforcement of this
code, while acting for the jurisdiction in good faith and with-
out malice in the discharge of the duties required by this code
or other pertinent law or ordinance, shall not thereby be ren-
dered civilly or criminally liable personally and is hereby |
relieved from personal liability for any damage accruing to
persons or property as a result of any act or by reason of an
act or omission in the discharge of official duties.

R104.8.1 Legal defense. Any suit or criminal complaint |
instituted against an officer or employee because of an act
performed by that officer or employee in the lawful dis-
charge of duties and under the provisions of this code shall
be defended by legal representatives of the jurisdiction
until the final termination of the proceedings. The building
official or any subordinate shall not be liable for cost in
any action, suit or proceeding that is instituted in pursu-
ance of the provisions of this code.

R104.9 Approved materials and equipment. Materials,
equipment and devices approved by the building official shall
be constructed and installed in accordance with such
approval.

R104.9.1 Used materials and equipment. Used materi-
als, equipment and devices shall not be reused unless
approved by the building official.

R104.10 Modifications. Wherever there are practical diffi-
culties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code,
the building official shall have the authority to grant modifi-
cations for individual cases, provided the building official
shall first find that special individual reason makes the strict
letter of this code impractical and the modification is in com-
pliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that such
modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety or
structural requirements. The details of action granting modifi-
cations shall be recorded and entered in the files of the
department of building safety.

R104.10.1 Flood hazard areas. The building official
shall not grant modifications to any provisions required in
flood hazard areas as established by Table R301.2(l)
unless a determination has been made that:

1 . There is good and sufficient cause showing that the
unique characteristics of the size, configuration or

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

topography of the site render the elevation standards
of Section R322 inappropriate.

2. Failure to grant the modification would result in
exceptional hardship by rendering the lot undevel-
opable.

3. The granting of modification will not result in
increased flood heights, additional threats to public
safety, extraordinary public expense, cause fraud on
or victimization of the public, or conflict with exist-
ing laws or ordinances.

4. The modification is the minimum necessary to
afford relief, considering the flood hazard.

5. Written notice specifying the difference between the
design flood elevation and the elevation to which the
building is to be built, stating that the cost of flood
insurance will be commensurate with the increased
risk resulting from the reduced floor elevation and
stating that construction below the design flood ele-
vation increases risks to life and property, has been
submitted to the applicant.

R104.il Alternative materials, design and methods of
construction and equipment. The provisions of this code
are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or
to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifi-
cally prescribed by this code, provided that any such alterna-
tive has been approved. An alternative material, design or
method of construction shall be approved where the building
official finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and
complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and
that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose
intended, not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this
code. Compliance with the specific performance-based provi-
sions of the California Codes shall be an alternative to the
specific requirements of this code. Where the alternative
material, design or method of construction is not approved,
the building official shall respond in writing, stating the rea-
sons why the alternative was not approved.

R104.il. 1 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of
compliance with the provisions of this code, or evidence
that a material or method does not conform to the require-
ments of this code, or in order to substantiate claims for
alternative materials or methods, the building official shall
have the authority to require tests as evidence of compli-
ance to be made at no expense to the jurisdiction. Test
methods shall be as specified in this code or by other rec-
ognized test standards. In the absence of recognized and
accepted test methods, the building official shall approve
the testing procedures. Tests shall be performed by an
approved agency. Reports of such tests shall be retained
by the building official for the period required for reten-
tion of public records.

SECTION R105
PERMITS

I R105.1 Required. Any owner or owner’s authorized agent
who intends to construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, demol-
ish or change the occupancy of a building or structure, or to

erect, install, enlarge, alter, repair, remove, convert or replace
any electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system, the
installation of which is regulated by this code, or to cause any
such work to be performed, shall first make application to the
building official and obtain the required permit.

R105.2 Work exempt from permit. Exemption from permit
requirements of this code shall not be deemed to grant autho-
rization for any work to be done in any manner in violation of
the provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of
this jurisdiction. Permits shall not be required for the follow-
ing:

Building:

1. One-story detached accessory structures, provided |
that the floor area does not exceed 120 square feet
(77.75 m").

2. Fences not over 7 feet (2134 mm) high.

3. Retaining walls that are not over 4 feet (1219 mm)
in height measured from the bottom of the footing
to the top of the wall, unless supporting a sur-
charge.

4. Water tanks supported directly upon grade if the
capacity does not exceed 5,000 gallons (18 927 L)
and the ratio of height to diameter or width does
not exceed 2 to 1 .

5. Sidewalks and driveways.

6. Painting, papering, tiling, carpeting, cabinets,
counter tops and similar finish work.

7. Prefabricated swimming pools that are less than 24
inches (610 mm) deep.

8. Swings and other playground equipment.

9. Window awnings supported by an exterior wall
that do not project more than 54 inches (1372 mm)
from the exterior wall and do not require addi-
tional support.

10. Decks not exceeding 200 square feet (18.58 m^) in
area, that are not more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above grade at any point, are not attached to a
dwelling and do not serve the exit door required by
Section R311.4.

Electrical:

1. Listed cord-and-plug connected temporary decora-
tive lighting.

2. Reinstallation of attachment plug receptacles but not
the outlets therefor.

3. Replacement of branch circuit overcurrent devices
of the required capacity in the same location.

4. Electrical wiring, devices, appliances, apparatus or
equipment operating at less than 25 volts and not
capable of supplying more than 50 watts of energy.

5. Minor repair work, including the replacement of
lamps or the connection of approved portable elec-
trical equipment to approved permanently installed
receptacles.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

Gas:

1. Portable heating, cooking or clothes drying appli-
ances.

2. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter
approval of equipment or make such equipment
unsafe.

3. Portable-fuel-cell appliances that are not connected
to a fixed piping system and are not interconnected
to a power grid.

Mechanical:

1 . Portable heating appliances.

2. Portable ventilation appliances.

3. Portable cooling units.

4. Steam, hot- or chilled-water piping within any heat-
ing or cooling equipment regulated by this code.

5. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter
approval of equipment or make such equipment
unsafe.

6. Portable evaporative coolers.

7. Self-contained refrigeration systems containing 10
pounds (4.54 kg) or less of refrigerant or that are
actuated by motors of 1 horsepower (746 W) or less.

8. Portable-fuel-cell appliances that are not connected
to a fixed piping system and are not interconnected
to a power grid.

Plumbing:

1 . The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or
vent pipe; provided, however, that if any concealed
trap, drainpipe, water, soil, waste or vent pipe
becomes defective and it becomes necessary to
remove and replace the same with new material,
such work shall he considered as new work and a
permit shall he obtained and inspection made as pro-
vided in this code.

2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in
pipes, valves or fixtures, and the removal and rein-
stallation of water closets, provided such repairs do
not involve or require the replacement or rearrange-
ment of valves, pipes or fixtures.

R105.2.1 Emergency repairs. Where equipment replace-
ments and repairs must be performed in an emergency sit-
uation, the permit application shall be submitted within the
next working business day to the building official.

R105.2.2 Repairs. Application or notice to the building
official is not required for ordinary repairs to structures,
replacement of lamps or the connection of approved porta-
ble electrical equipment to approved permanently installed
receptacles. Such repairs shall not include the cutting
away of any wall, partition or portion thereof, the removal
or cutting of any structural beam or load-bearing support,
or the removal or change of any required means of egress,
or rearrangement of parts of a structure affecting the
egress requirements; nor shall ordinary repairs include
addition to, alteration of, replacement or relocation of any

water supply, sewer, drainage, drain leader, gas, soil,
waste, vent or similar piping, electric wiring or mechanical
or other work affecting public health or general safety.

R105.2.3 Public service agencies. A permit shall not be
required for the installation, alteration or repair of genera-
tion, transmission, distribution, metering or other related
equipment that is under the ownership and control of pub-
lic service agencies by established right.

R105.3 Application for permit. To obtain a permit, the
applicant shall first file an application therefor in writing on a
form furnished by the department of building safety for that
purpose. Such application shall:

1 . Identify and describe the work to be covered by the per-
mit for which application is made.

2. Describe the land on which the proposed work is to be
done by legal description, street address or similar
description that will readily identify and definitely
locate the proposed building or work.

3. Indicate the use and occupancy for which the proposed
work is intended.

4. Be accompanied by construction documents and other
information as required in Section R 106.1.

5. State the valuation of the proposed work.

6. Be signed by the applicant or the applicant’s authorized
agent.

7. Give such other data and information as required by the
building official.

R105.3.1 Action on application. The building official
shall examine or cause to be examined applications for
permits and amendments thereto within a reasonable time
after filing. If the application or the construction docu-
ments do not conform to the requirements of pertinent
laws, the building official shall reject such application in
writing stating the reasons therefor. If the building official
is satisfied that the proposed work conforms to the require-
ments of this code and laws and ordinances applicable
thereto, the building official shall issue a permit therefor
as soon as practicable.

R105.3.1.1 Determination of substantially improved
or substantially damaged existing buildings in flood
hazard areas. For applications for reconstruction,
rehabilitation, addition, alteration, repair or other |
improvement of existing buildings or structures located
in a flood hazard area as established by Table
R301.2(l), the building official shall examine or cause
to be examined the construction documents and shall
make a determination with regard to the value of the |
proposed work. For buildings that have sustained dam-
age of any origin, the value of the proposed work shall
include the cost to repair the building or structure to its
predamaged condition. If the building official finds that
the value of proposed work equals or exceeds 50 per-
cent of the market value of the building or structure
before the damage has occurred or the improvement is
started, the proposed work is a substantial improvement
or restoration of substantial damage and the building

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

official shall require existing portions of the entire
building or structure to meet the requirements of Sec-
tion R322.

For the purpose of this determination, a substantial
improvement shall mean any repair, reconstruction,
rehabilitation, addition or improvement of a building or
structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50 per-
cent of the market value of the building or structure
before the improvement or repair is started. Where the
building or structure has sustained substantial damage,
repairs necessary to restore the building or structure to
its predamaged condition shall be considered substan-
tial improvements regardless of the actual repair work
performed. The term shall not include either of the fol-
lowing:

1. Improvements to a building or structure that are
required to correct existing health, sanitary or
safety code violations identified by the building
official and that are the minimum necessary to
ensure safe living conditions.

2. Any alteration of a historic building or structure,
provided that the alteration will not preclude the
continued designation as a historic building or
structure. For the purposes of this exclusion, a
historic building shall be any of the following:

2.1. Listed or preliminarily determined to be eli-
gible for listing in the National Register of
Historic Places.

2.2. Determined by the Secretary of the U.S.
Department of Interior as contributing to the
historical significance of a registered historic
district or a district preliminarily determined
to qualify as an historic district.

2.3. Designated as historic under a state or local
historic preservation program that is
approved by the Department of Interior.

R105.3.2 Time limitation of application. An application
for a permit for any proposed work shall be deemed to
have been abandoned 180 days after the date of filing
unless such application has been pursued in good faith or a
permit has been issued; except that the building official is
authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for
additional periods not exceeding 180 days each. The
extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable
cause demonstrated.

R105.4 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a
permit shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an
approval of, any violation of any of the provisions of this
code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits
presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provi-
sions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall
not be valid. The issuance of a permit based on construction
documents and other data shall not prevent the building offi-
cial from requiring the correction of errors in the construction
documents and other data. The building official is authorized
to prevent occupancy or use of a structure where in violation
of this code or of any other ordinances of this jurisdiction.

R105.5 Expiration. Every permit issued shall become
invalid unless the work authorized by such permit is com-
menced within 180 days after its issuance, or if the work
authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned for a
period of 180 days after the time the work is commenced. The
building official is authorized to grant, in writing, one or
more extensions of time, for periods not more than 180 days
each. The extension shall be requested in writing and justifi-
able cause demonstrated.

R105.6 Suspension or revocation. The building official is
authorized to suspend or revoke a permit issued under the
provisions of this code wherever the permit is issued in error
or on the basis of incorrect, inaccurate or incomplete informa-
tion, or in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of
the provisions of this code.

R105.7 Placement of permit. The building permit or a copy
shall be kept on the site of the work until the completion of
the project.

R105.8 Responsibility. It shall be the duty of every person
who performs work for the installation or repair of building,
structure, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing systems,
for which this code is applicable, to comply with this code.

R105.9 Preliminary inspection. Before issuing a permit, the
building official is authorized to examine or cause to be
examined buildings, structures and sites for which an applica-
tion has been filed.

SECTION R106

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

R106.1 Submittal documents. Submittal documents consist-
ing of construction documents, and other data shall be sub-
mitted in two or more sets with each application for a permit.
The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered
design professional where required by the statutes of the
jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where
special conditions exist, the building official is authorized to
require additional construction documents to be prepared by a
registered design professional.

Exception: The building official is authorized to waive
the submission of construction documents and other data
not required to be prepared by a registered design profes-
sional if it is found that the nature of the work applied for
is such that reviewing of construction documents is not
necessary to obtain compliance with this code.

R106.1.1 Information on construction documents. Con-
struction documents shall be drawn upon suitable material.
Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted
where approved by the building official. Construction doc-
uments shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the loca-
tion, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in
detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code
and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as
determined by the building official.

R106.1.2 Manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Manufacturer’s installation instructions, as required by
this code, shall be available on the job site at the time of
inspection.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

R106.1.3 Information on braced wall design. For build-
ings and structures utilizing braced wall design, and where
required by the building official, braced wall lines shall be
identified on the construction documents. Pertinent infor-
mation including, but not limited to, bracing methods,
location and length of braced wall panels and foundation
requirements of braced wall panels at top and bottom shall
he provided.

R106.1.4 Information for construction in flood hazard
areas. For buildings and structures located in whole or in
part in flood hazard areas as established by Table
R301.2(l), construction documents shall include:

1. Delineation of flood hazard areas, floodway bound-
aries and flood zones and the design flood elevation,
as appropriate.

2. The elevation of the proposed lowest floor, includ-
ing basement; in areas of shallow flooding (AO
Zones), the height of the proposed lowest floor,
including basement, above the highest adjacent
grade.

3. The elevation of the bottom of the lowest horizontal
structural member in coastal high hazard areas (V
Zone) and in Coastal A Zones where such zones are
delineated on flood hazard maps identified in Table
R30 1.2(1) or otherwise delineated by the jurisdic-
tion.

4. If design flood elevations are not included on the
community’s Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM),
the building official and the applicant shall obtain
and reasonably utilize any design flood elevation
and floodway data available from other sources.

RI06.2 Site plan or plot plan. The construction documents
submitted with the application for permit shall be accompa-
nied by a site plan showing the size and location of new con-
struction and existing structures on the site and distances
from lot lines. In the case of demolition, the site plan shall
show construction to be demolished and the location and size
of existing structures and construction that are to remain on
the site or plot. The building official is authorized to waive or
modify the requirement for a site plan where the application
for permit is for alteration or repair or where otherwise war-
ranted.

RI06.3 Examination of documents. The building official
shall examine or cause to be examined construction docu-
ments for code compliance.

RI06.3.1 Approval of construction documents. Where
the building official issues a permit, the construction docu-
ments shall be approved in writing or by a stamp that
states “REVIEWED EOR CODE COMPLIANCE.” One
set of construction documents so reviewed shall be
retained by the building official. The other set shall be
returned to the applicant, shall be kept at the site of work
and shall be open to inspection by the building official or a
duly authorized representative.

R106.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall not require
changes in the construction documents, construction or
designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful

permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully
authorized, and the construction of which has been pur-
sued in good faith within 1 80 days after the effective date
of this code and has not been abandoned.

R106.3.3 Phased approval. The building official is
authorized to issue a permit for the construction of founda-
tions or any other part of a building or structure before the
construction documents for the whole building or structure
have been submitted, provided that adequate information
and detailed statements have been filed complying with
pertinent requirements of this code. The holder of such
permit for the foundation or other parts of a building or
structure shall proceed at the holder’s own risk with the
building operation and without assurance that a permit for
the entire structure will be granted.

R106.4 Amended construction documents. Work shall be
installed in accordance with the approved construction docu-
ments, and any changes made during construction that are not
in compliance with the approved construction documents
shall be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of con-
struction documents.

R106.5 Retention of construction documents. One set of

approved construction documents shall be retained by the
building official for a period of not less than 180 days from
date of completion of the permitted work, or as required by
state or local laws.

SECTION R107

TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND USES

R107.1 General. The building official is authorized to issue a
permit for temporary structures and temporary uses. Such
permits shall be limited as to time of service, but shall not be
permitted for more than 180 days. The building official is
authorized to grant extensions for demonstrated cause.

R107.2 Conformance. Temporary structures and uses shall
conform to the structural strength, fire safety, means of
egress, light, ventilation and sanitary requirements of this
code as necessary to ensure the public health, safety and gen-
eral welfare.

R107.3 Temporary power. The building official is autho-
rized to give permission to temporarily supply and use power
in part of an electric installation before such installation has
been fully completed and the final certificate of completion
has been issued. The part covered by the temporary certificate
shall comply with the requirements specified for temporary
lighting, heat or power in NEPA 70.

R107.4 Termination of approval. The building official is
authorized to terminate such permit for a temporary structure
or use and to order the temporary structure or use to be dis-
continued.

SECTION R108
FEES

R108.1 Payment of fees. A permit shall not be valid until the
fees prescribed by law have been paid, nor shall an amend-

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

ment to a permit be released until the additional fee, if any,
has been paid.

R108.2 Schedule of permit fees. On buildings, structures,
electrical, gas, mechanical and plumbing systems or alter-
ations requiring a permit, a fee for each permit shall be paid
as required, in accordance with the schedule as established by
the applicable governing authority.

R108.3 Building permit valuations. Building permit valua-
tion shall include total value of the work for which a permit is
being issued, such as electrical, gas, mechanical, plumbing
equipment and other permanent systems, including materials
and labor.

R108.4 Related fees. The payment of the fee for the con-
struction, alteration, removal or demolition for work done in
connection to or concurrently with the work authorized by a
building permit shall not relieve the applicant or holder of the
permit from the payment of other fees that are prescribed by
law.

R108.5 Refunds. The building official is authorized to estab-
lish a refund policy.

R108.6 Work commencing before permit issuance. Any

person who commences work requiring a permit on a build-
ing, structure, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system
before obtaining the necessary permits shall be subject to a
fee established by the applicable governing authority that
shall be in addition to the required permit fees.

SECTION R109
INSPECTIONS

R109.1 Types of inspections. For on-site construction, from
time to time the building official, upon notification from the
permit holder or his agent, shall make or cause to be made
any necessary inspections and shall either approve that por-
tion of the construction as completed or shall notify the per-
mit holder or his or her agent wherein the same fails to
comply with this code. The enforcing agency upon notifica-
tion of the permit holder or their agent shall within a reason-
able time make the inspections set forth in Sections R109.1.1,
R109.1.1.1, R109.1.3, R109.1.4, R109.1.4.f R109.1.4.2,
R109.1.5, R109.1.5.1, R109.1.5.2, R109.1.6, R109.1.6.1 and
R109.1.6.2.

Note: Reinforcing steel or structural framework of any part
of any building or structure shall not be covered or concealed
without first obtaining the approval of the enforcing agency.

R109.1.1 Foundation inspection. Inspection of the foun-
dation and footings shall be made after poles or piers are
set or trenches or basement areas are excavated and any
required forms erected and any required reinforcing steel
is in place and supported prior to the placing of concrete.
The foundation or footings inspection shall include exca-
vations for thickened slabs intended for the support of
bearing walls, partitions, structural supports, or equipment
and special requirements for wood foundations. Materials
for the foundation shall be on the job site except where
concrete is ready-mixed in accordance with ASTM C94.
Under this circumstance, concrete is not required to be at
the job site.

R109.1.1.1 Concrete slab and under-floor inspection.

Concrete slab and under-floor inspections shall be
made after in-slab or under-floor reinforcing steel and
building service equipment, conduits, piping or other
ancillary building trade products or equipment are
installed, but before any concrete is placed or floor
sheathing is installed, including the subfloor.

R109.1.2 Plumbing, mechanical, gas and electrical sys-
tems inspection. Rough inspection of plumbing, mechani-
cal, gas and electrical systems shall be made prior to
covering or concealment, before fixtures or appliances are
set or installed, and prior to framing inspection.

Exception: Backfilling of ground-source heat pump
loop systems tested in accordance with Section
M2 105. 28 prior to inspection shall be permitted. |

R109.1.3 Floodplain inspections. For construction in
flood hazard areas as established by Table R301.2(l),
upon placement of the lowest floor, including basement,
and prior to further vertical construction, the building offi-
cial shall require submission of documentation, prepared
and sealed by a registered design professional, of the ele-
vation of the lowest floor, including basement, required in
Section R322.

R109.1.4 Frame and masonry inspection. Inspection of
framing and masonry construction shall be made after the
roof, masonry, all framing, firestopping, draftstopping and
bracing are in place and after chimneys and vents to be <
concealed are completed and the rough electrical, plumb-
ing, heating, wires, pipes and ducts are approved.

R109. 1.4.1 Moisture content verification. Moisture
content of framing members shall be verified in accor-
dance with the California Green Building Standards
Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.5.

R109.1.4.2 Lath and gypsum board inspection. Lath
and gypsum board inspections shall be made after lath-
ing and gypsum board, interior and exterior, is in
place, but before any plastering is applied or gypsum
board joints and fasteners are taped and finished.

R109.1.5 Other inspections. In addition to inspections in
Sections R109.1.1 through R109.1.4.2, the building offi- | |
cial shall have the authority to make or require any other
inspections to ascertain compliance with this code and
other laws enforced by the building official.

R109.1.5.1 Fire-resistance-rated construction inspec-
tion. Where fire-resistance-rated construction is
required between dwelling units or due to location on
property, the building official shall require an inspection
of such construction after lathing or gypsum board or
gypsum panel products are in place, but before any plas-
ter is applied, or before board or panel joints and fasten-
ers are taped and finished. Protection of joints and
penetrations in fire-resistance-rated assemblies shall
not be concealed from view until inspected and
approved.

R109.1.5.2 Special inspections. For special inspec-
tions, see California Building Code, Chapter 17.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

R109.1.6 Final inspection. Final inspection shall be made
after the permitted work is complete and prior to occu-
pancy.

R109.1.6.1 Elevation documentation. If located in a
flood hazard area, the documentation of elevations
required in Section R322.1.10 shall be submitted to the
building official prior to the final inspection.

R109. 1.6.2 Operation and maintenance manual. At

the time of final inspection, a manual, compact disc,
web-based reference or other media acceptable to the
enforcing agency shall be placed in the building in
accordance with the California Green Building Stan-
dards Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.4.

R109.2 Inspection agencies. The building official is autho-
rized to accept reports of approved agencies, provided such
agencies satisfy the requirements as to qualifications and reli-
ability.

R109.3 Inspection requests. It shall be the duty of the permit
holder or their agent to notify the building official that such
work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the person
requesting any inspections required by this code to provide
access to and means for inspection of such work.

R109.4 Approval required. Work shall not be done beyond
the point indicated in each successive inspection without first
obtaining the approval of the building official. The building
official upon notification, shall make the requested inspec-
tions and shall either indicate the portion of the construction
that is satisfactory as completed, or shall notify the permit
holder or an agent of the permit holder wherein the same fails
to comply with this code. Any portions that do not comply
shall be corrected and such portion shall not be covered or
concealed until authorized by the building official.

SECTION R110

CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY

RllO.l Use and occupancy. A building or structure shall not
be used or occupied, and a change in the existing use or occu-
pancy classification of a building or structure or portion
thereof shall not be made, until the building official has
issued a certificate of occupancy therefor as provided herein.
Issuance of a certificate of occupancy shall not be construed
as an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or
of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Certificates presuming
to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this
code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.

Exceptions:

1. Certificates of occupancy are not required for work
exempt from permits under Section R105.2.

2. Accessory buildings or structures.

R110.2 Change in use. Changes in the character or use of an
existing structure shall not be made except as specified in
Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code and California Exist-
ing Building Code.

RI10.3 Certificate issued. After the building official
inspects the building or structure and does not find violations
of the provisions of this code or other laws that are enforced

by the department of building safety, the building official
shall issue a certificate of occupancy containing the follow-
ing:

1 . The building permit number.

2. The address of the structure.

3. The name and address of the owner or the owner’s
authorized agent.

4. A description of that portion of the structure for which
the certificate is issued.

5. A statement that the described portion of the structure
has been inspected for compliance with the require-
ments of this code.

6. The name of the building official.

7. The edition of the code under which the permit was
issued.

8. If an automatic sprinkler system is provided and
whether the sprinkler system is required.

9. Any special stipulations and conditions of the building
permit.

R110.4 Temporary occupancy. The building official is
authorized to issue a temporary certificate of occupancy
before the completion of the entire work covered by the per-
mit, provided that such portion or portions shall be occupied
safely. The building official shall set a time period during
which the temporary certificate of occupancy is valid.

R110.5 Revocation. The building official shall, in writing,
suspend or revoke a certificate of occupancy issued under the
provisions of this code wherever the certificate is issued in
error, or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or
where it is determined that the building or structure or portion
thereof is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of
the provisions of this code.

SECTION R111
SERVICE UTILITIES

Rlll.l Connection of service utilities. A person shall not
make connections from a utility, source of energy, fuel or
power to any building or system that is regulated by this code
for which a permit is required, until approved by the building
official.

R111.2 Temporary connection. The building official shall
have the authority to authorize the temporary connection of
the building or system to the utility, source of energy, fuel or
power.

R111.3 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The build-
ing official shall have the authority to authorize disconnec-
tion of utility service to the building, structure or system
regulated by this code and the referenced codes and standards
set forth in Section R 102.4 in case of emergency where nec-
essary to eliminate an immediate hazard to life or property or
where such utility connection has been made without the
approval required by Section Rlll.l or R1 1 1 .2. The building
official shall notify the serving utility and where possible the
owner or the owner’s authorized agent and occupant of the

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DIVISION II ADMINISTRATION

I building, structure or service system of the decision to dis-
connect prior to taking such action. If not notified prior to dis-
connection, the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or
occupant of the building, structure or service system shall be
notified in writing as soon as practical thereafter.

SECTION R112
BOARD OF APPEALS

R112.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of
orders, decisions or determinations made by the building offi-
cial relative to the application and interpretation of this code,
there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The
building official shall be an ex officio member of said board
but shall not have a vote on any matter before the board. The
board of appeals shall be appointed by the governing body
and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt
rules of procedure for conducting its business, and shall ren-
der decisions and findings in writing to the appellant with a
duplicate copy to the building official.

R112.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal
shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or
the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly
interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or
an equally good or better form of construction is proposed.
The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of
this code.

R112.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of
members who are qualified by experience and training to pass
judgement on matters pertaining to building construction and
are not employees of the jurisdiction.

R112.4 Administration. The building official shall take
immediate action in accordance with the decision of the
board.

SECTION R113
VIOLATIONS

R113.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person,
firm or corporation to erect, construct, alter, extend, repair,
move, remove, demolish or occupy any building, structure or
equipment regulated by this code, or cause same to be done,
in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this
code.

R113.2 Notice of violation. The building official is autho-
rized to serve a notice of violation or order on the person
responsible for the erection, construction, alteration, exten-
sion, repair, moving, removal, demolition or occupancy of a
building or structure in violation of the provisions of this
code, or in violation of a detail statement or a plan approved
thereunder, or in violation of a permit or certificate issued
under the provisions of this code. Such order shall direct the
discontinuance of the illegal action or condition and the
abatement of the violation.

R113.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is
not complied with in the time prescribed by such notice, the
building official is authorized to request the legal counsel of
the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceeding at law
or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to
require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy
of the building or structure in violation of the provisions of
this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.

R113.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a pro-
vision of this code or fails to comply with any of the require-
ments thereof or who erects, constructs, alters or repairs a
building or structure in violation of the approved construction
documents or directive of the building official, or of a permit
or certificate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be
subject to penalties as prescribed by law.

SECTION R114
STOP WORK ORDER

R114.1 Notice to owner or the owner’s anthorized agent. |

Upon notice from the building official that work on any
building or structure is being executed contrary to the provi-
sions of this code or in an unsafe and dangerous manner, such
work shall be immediately stopped. The stop work order shall
be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property
involved, or to the owner’ s authorized agent or to the person
performing the work and shall state the conditions under
which work will be permitted to resume.

R114.2 Unlawful continuance. Any person who shall con-
tinue any work in or about the structure after having been
served with a stop work order, except such work as that per-
son is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe
condition, shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter / Section

R201.1

R201.2

R201.3

R201.4

ACCESSORY STRUCTURE

ADDITION

AGED HOME OR INSTITUTION

ALTERATION

APPROVED

APPROVED AGENCY

APPROVED LISTING AGENCY

APPROVED TESTING AGENCY

ATTIC

ATTIC, HABITABLE

BASEMENT

BEDRIDDEN PERSON

BUILDING

BUILDING OFFICIAL

BUILT-UP ROOF COVERING

CARE AND SUPERVISION

CATASTROPHICALLY INJURED

CEILING HEIGHT

CHILD-CARE CENTER

CHILD OR CHILDREN

CHRONICALLY ILL

CLIMATE ZONES

CLOSET

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL

CONGREGATE LIVING
HEALTH-FACILITY (CLHF)

CONGREGATE RESIDENCE

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

DAYCARE

DAY-CARE HOME, FAMILY

DAY-CARE HOME,
LARGE FAMILY

DAY-CARE HOME,
SMALL FAMILY

DEPARTMENT

DESIGN PROFESSIONAL

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS— continued

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that are
listed below

Chapter / Section

DRAFT STOP

DUCT SYSTEM

DWELLING

DWELLING UNIT

EFFICIENCY DWELLING UNIT

EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND
RESCUE OPENING

ENFORCEMENT

ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

ENFORCING AGENCY

EXTERIOR WALL

FAMILY

FENESTRATION

FIREBLOCKING

FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED

WOOD

FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE

FLAME SPREAD

FLAME SPREAD INDEX

FULL-TIME CARE

GRADE

GRADE FLOOR OPENING

GRADE PLANE

GUARD OR GUARDRAIL

HABITABLE SPACE

HANDRAIL

HAZARDOUS LOCATION

HEIGHT, BUILDING

HEIGHT, STORY

IGNITION SOURCE

INFANT

INSULATING SHEATHING

LABEL

LABELED

LIMITED-DENSITY OWNER-
BUILT RURAL DWELLINGS

LISTED (HCD)

LISTING AGENCY

LIVING SPACE

LODGING HOUSE

LOT

LOT LINE

MARK

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS— continued

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter / Section

MASONRY UNIT

METAL ROOF PANEL

METAL ROOF SHINGLE

MEZZANINE

MULTIPLE STATION SMOKE
ALARM

NONAMBULA TORY PERSONS

NONCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL

OCCUPIED SPACE

OWNER

PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY
COLLECTOR

PERSONS WITH
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES,
PROFOUNDLY OR SEVERELY

PROTECTIVE SOCIAL CARE
FACILITY

PUBLIC WAY

RAMP

REPAIR

REROOFING

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY
FOR THE CHRONICALLY ILL
(RCF/CI)

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY
FOR THE ELDERLY (RCFE)

RESIDENTIAL FACILITY (RF)

RESTRAINT

RISER

ROOF ASSEMBLY

ROOF COVERING

ROOF COVERING SYSTEM

ROOFDECK

ROOF RECOVER

ROOF REPAIR

ROOFTOP STRUCTURE

SHALL

SINGLE STATION SMOKE
ALARM

SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX

STAIR

STAIRWAY

STA TE-OWNED/LEASED
BUILDING

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 - DEFINITIONS— continued

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter / Section

STORY

STORY ABOVE GRADE
PLANE

STRUCTURE

SUNROOM

TERMINALLY ILL

TESTING AGENCY

TOWNHOUSE

VENTILATION

■

I I The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: t

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Part II — Definitions

CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

Code change proposals to definitions in this chapter preceded by a bracketed letter are considered
by the IRC-Building Code Development Committee [RB] or the lECC-Residential Code Development Committee [RE]
during the Group B (2016) Code Development cycle. See page xfor explanation.

SECTION R201
GENERAL

75 Pa pressure differential as tested in accordance with
ASTME2178 or E283.

R201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the follow-
ing words and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have
the meanings indicated in this chapter.

R201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense
include the future; words in the masculine gender include the
feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural
and the plural, the singular.

R201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not
> defined in this code such terms shall have meanings ascribed
in the California Building Standards Code, Title 24, Califor-
nia Code of Regulations.

R201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not defined
through the methods authorized by this section, such terms
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies.

Eor applications listed in Section 1.11 regulated by the
Office of the State Eire Marshal, where terms are not defined
through the methods authorized by this section, such terms
shall have ordinarily accepted meanings such as the context
implies. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the
English Language, Unabridged, shall be considered as pro-
viding ordinarily accepted meanings.

SECTION R202
DEFINITIONS

[RB] ACCESSORY STRUCTURE. A structure that is
accessory to and incidental to that of the dwelling(s) and that
is located on the same lot.

[RB] ADDITION. An extension or increase in floor area or
height of a building or structure.

[RB] ADHERED STONE OR MASONRY VENEER.

Stone or masonry veneer secured and supported through the
adhesion of an approved bonding material applied to an
approved backing.

AGED HOME OR INSTITUTION. A facility used for the
housing of persons 65 years of age or older in need of care
and supervision. ( See definition of “care and supervision. ”)

[RB] AIR-IMPERMEABLE INSULATION. An insulation
having an air permanence equal to or less than 0.02 L/s-m^ at

[RB] ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an
existing structure other than repair or addition.

[RB] ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. A device that
has a series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and
1 .22 rad) from horizontal, usually attached to a center support
rail in an alternating manner so that the user does not have
both feet on the same level at the same time.

[RB] ANCHORED STONE OR MASONRY VENEER.

Stone or masonry veneer secured with approved mechanical
fasteners to an approved backing.

ANCHORS. See “Supports.”

[RB] APPROVED. Acceptable to the building official.

APPROVED. (HCD I) Meeting the approval of the enforc-
ing agency, except as otherwise provided by law, when used
in connection with any system, material, type of construction,
fixture or appliance as the result of investigations and tests
conducted by the agency, or by reason of accepted principles
or tests by national authorities or technical, health, or scien-
tific organizations or agencies.

Notes:

1. See Health and Safety Code Section 17920 for
“Approved” as applied to residential construction
and buildings or structures accessory thereto, as
referenced in Section 1.8.2. 1.1.

2. See Health and Safety Code Section 17921.1 for
“Approved” as applied to the use of hotplates in
residential construction referenced in Section
L8.2.1.1.

3. See Health and Safety Code Section 19966 for
“Approved” as applied to factory-built housing as
referenced in Section 1.8. 3.2. 5.

4. See Health and Safety Code Section 18201 for
“Approved” as applied to mobilehome parks as ref-
erenced in Section 1.8. 3. 2. 2.

5. See Health and Safety Code Section 18862.1 for
“Approved” as applied to special occupancy parks
as referenced in Section 1.8. 3. 2. 3.

[RB] APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recog-
nized agency that is regularly engaged in conducting tests or
furnishing inspection services, where such agency has been

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

approved by the building official. (HCD 1) “Approved
agency” shall mean “Listing agency” and “Testing agency. ”

APPROVED LISTING AGENCY. Any agency approved by
the enforcing agency, unless otherwise provided by statute,
which is in the business of listing and labeling and which makes
available at least an annual published report of such listings in
which specific information is included that the product has
been tested to recognized standards and found to comply.

APPROVED TESTING AGENCY. Any agency which is
determined by the enforcing agency, except as otherwise pro-
vided by statute, to have adequate personnel and expertise to
carry out the testing of systems, materials, and construction
fixtures or appliances.

[RB] ASPECT RATIO. The ratio of longest to shortest per-
pendicular dimensions, or for wall sections, the ratio of
height to length.

[RB] ATTIC. The unfinished space between the ceiling
assembly and the roof assembly.

[RB] ATTIC, HABITABLE. A finished or unfinished area,
not considered a story, complying with all of the following
requirements:

1. The occupiable floor area is not less than 70 square feet
(17 m^), in accordance with Section R304.

2. The occupiable floor area has a ceiling height in accor-
dance with Section R305.

3. The occupiable space is enclosed by the roof assembly
above, knee walls (if applicable) on the sides and the
floor-ceiling assembly below.

[RB] BASEMENT. A story that is not a story above grade
plane, (see “Story above grade plane”).

[RB] BASEMENT WALL. The opaque portion of a wall
that encloses one side of a basement and has an average
below grade wall area that is 50 percent or more of the total
opaque and nonopaque area of that enclosing side.

[RB] BASIC WIND SPEED. Three-second gust speed at 33
feet (10 058 mm) above the ground in Exposure C (see Sec-
tion R30 1.2.1) as given in Figure R301.2(4)A.

BEDRIDDEN PERSON. A person, requiring assistance in
turning and repositioning in bed, or being unable to inde-
pendently transfer to and from bed, except in facilities with
appropriate and sufficient care staff, mechanical devices if
necessary, and safety precautions as determined in Title 22
regulations, by the Director of Social Services or his or her
designated representative. Persons who are unable to inde-
pendently transfer to and from bed, but who do not need
assistance to turn or reposition in bed, shall be considered
nonambulatory.

The Director of Social Services or his or her designated
representative shall make the determination of the bedridden
status of persons with developmental disabilities, in consulta-
tion with the Director of Developmental Services or his or
her designated representative.

The Director of Social Services or his or her designated
representative shall make the determination of the bedridden

status of all other persons with disabilities who are not devel-
opmentally disabled.

[RB] BOND BEAM. A horizontal grouted element within
masonry in which reinforcement is embedded.

[RB] BRACED WALL LINE. A straight line through the
building plan that represents the location of the lateral resis-
tance provided by the wall bracing.

[RB] BRACED WALL LINE, CONTINUOUSLY
SHEATHED. A braced wall line with structural sheathing
applied to all sheathable surfaces including the areas above
and below openings.

[RB] BRACED WALL PANEL. A full-height section of
wall constructed to resist in-plane shear loads through inter-
action of framing members, sheathing material and anchors.
The panel’s length meets the requirements of its particular
bracing method, and contributes toward the total amount of
bracing required along its braced wall line in accordance with
Section R602.10.1.

[RB] BUILDING. Building shall mean any one- and two-
family dwelling or portion thereof, including townhouses,
that is used, or designed or intended to be used for human
habitation, for living, sleeping, cooking or eating purposes, or
any combination thereof, and shall include accessory struc-
tures thereto.

Exceptions: For applications listed in Section 1.8.2 regu-
lated by the Department of Housing and Community
Development, “Building” shall not include the following:

1. Any mobile home as defined in Health and Safety
Code Section 18008.

2. Any manufactured home as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 18007.

3. Any commercial modular as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 18001.8 or any special purpose
commercial modular as defined in Section 18012.5.

4. Any recreational vehicle as defined in Health and
Safety Code Section 18010.

5. Any multifamily manufactured home as defined in
Health and Safety Code Section 18008.7.

For additional information, see Health and Safety
Code Section 18908.

Note: Building shall have the same meaning as defined in
Health and Safety Code Sections 17920 and 18908 for the
applications specified in Section 1.11.

[RB] BUILDING, EXISTING. Existing building is a build-
ing erected prior to the adoption of this code, or one for which
a legal building permit has been issued.

[RB] BUILDING-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC
PRODUCT. A building product that incorporates photovol-
taic modules and functions as a component of the building
envelope.

[RB] BUILDING LINE. The line established by law,
beyond which a building shall not extend, except as specifi-
cally provided by law.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

[RB] BUILDING OFFICIAL. The officer or other desig-
nated authority charged with the administration and enforce-
ment of this code.

[RE] BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE. The basement
walls, exterior walls, floor, roof and any other building ele-
ment that enclose conditioned spaces.

[RB] BUILT-UP ROOF COVERING. Two or more layers
of felt cemented together and surfaced with a cap sheet, min-
eral aggregate, smooth coating or similar surfacing material.

[RB] CAP PLATE. The top plate of the double top plates
used in structural insulated panel (SIP) construction. The cap
plate is cut to match the panel thickness such that it overlaps
the wood structural panel facing on both sides.

CARE AND SUPERVISION. Any one or more of the follow-
ing activities provided by a person or facility to meet the
needs of the clients:

Assistance in dressing, grooming, bathing and other
personal hygiene

Assistance with taking medication
Central storing and/or distribution of medications
Arrangement of and assistance with medical and dental care
Maintenance of house rules for the protection of clients
Supervision of client schedules and activities

Maintenance and/or supervision of client cash resources
or property

Monitoring food intake or special diets

Providing basic services required by applicable law and
regulation to be provided by the licensee in order to
obtain and maintain a community-care facility license

CATASTROPHICALLY INJURED. A person whose origin
of disability was acquired through trauma or nondegenera-
tive neurologic illness, for whom it has been determined by
the Department of Health Services Certification and Licens-
ing that active rehabilitation would be beneficial.

[RB] CEILING HEIGHT. The clear vertical distance from
the finished floor to the finished ceiling.

[RB] CEMENT PLASTER. A mixture of portland or
blended cement, portland cement or blended cement and
hydrated lime, masonry cement or plastic cement and aggre-
gate and other approved materials as specified in this code.

CHILD-CARE CENTER. Any facility of any capacity other
than a large or small family day-care home as defined in
these regulations in which less than 24-hour-per-day non-
medical supervision is provided for children in a group set-
ting.

CHILD OR CHILDREN. A person or persons under the age
of 18 years.

[RB] CHIMNEY. A primary vertical structure containing
one or more flues, for the purpose of carrying gaseous prod-
ucts of combustion and air from a fuel-burning appliance to
the outside atmosphere.

CHRONICALLY ILL. See “TERMINALLY ILL."

[RB] CLADDING. The exterior materials that cover the sur-
face of the building envelope that is directly loaded by the
wind.

CLIMATE ZONES are the 16 geographic areas of Califor-
nia for which the California Energy Commission has estab-
lished typical weather data, prescriptive packages and
energy budgets. Climate zones are defined by ZIP code and
listed in Reference Joint Appendix JA2.

[RB] CLOSET. A small room or chamber used for storage.

[RB] COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. Any material not
defined as noncombustible.

COMBUSTION AIR. The air provided to fuel-burning
equipment including air for fuel combustion, draft hood dilu-
tion and ventilation of the equipment enclosure.

CONDENSATE. The liquid that separates from a gas due to
a reduction in temperature; for example, water that condenses
from flue gases and water that condenses from air circulating
through the cooling coil in air conditioning equipment.

[RB] CONDITIONED AIR. Air treated to control its tem-
perature, relative humidity or quality.

[RE] CONDITIONED ELOOR AREA. The horizontal pro-
jection of the floors associated with the conditioned space.

[RE] CONDITIONED SPACE. An area, room or space that
is enclosed within the building thermal envelope and that is
directly heated or cooled or that is indirectly heated or cooled.
Spaces are indirectly heated or cooled where they communi-
cate thru openings with conditioned spaces, where they are
separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated walls,
floors or ceilings or where they contain uninsulated ducts,
piping or other sources of heating or cooling.

CONGREGATE LIVING HEALTH EACILITY (CLHE)

means a residential home with a capacity, except as provided
in paragraph (3), of no more than 12 beds, that provides
inpatient care, including the following basic services: medi-
cal supervision, 24-hour skilled nursing and supportive care,
pharmacy, dietary, social, recreational, and at least one type
of service specified in paragraph (1). The primary need of
congregate living health facility residents shall be for avail-
ability of skilled nursing care on a recurring, intermittent,
extended, or continuous basis. This care is generally less
intense than that provided in general acute care hospitals but
more intense than that provided in skilled nursing facilities.

(1) Congregate living health facilities shall provide one of
the following services:

(A) Services for persons who are mentally alert, per-
sons with physical disabilities, who may be ventila-
tor dependent.

(B) Services for persons who have a diagnosis of termi-
nal illness, a diagnosis of a life-threatening illness,
or both. Terminal illness means the individual has a
life expectancy of six months or less as stated in
writing by his or her attending physician and sur-
geon. A “life-threatening illness” means the indi-
vidual has an illness that can lead to a possibility of
a termination of life within five years or less as

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

stated in writing by his or her attending physician
and surgeon.

(C) Services for persons who are catastrophically and
severely disabled. A person who is catastrophically
and severely disabled means a person whose origin
of disability was acquired through trauma or non-
degenerative neurologic illness, for whom it has
been determined that active rehabilitation would be
beneficial and to whom these services are being
provided. Services offered by a congregate living
health facility to a person who is catastrophically
disabled shall include, but not be limited to, speech,
physical, and occupational therapy.

(2) A congregate living health facility license shall specify
which of the types of persons described in paragraph
(1) to whom a facility is licensed to provide services.

(3) (A) A facility operated by a city and county for the pur-

poses of delivering services under this section may
have a capacity of 59 beds.

(B) A congregate living health facility not operated by
a city and county servicing persons who are termi-
nally ill, persons who have been diagnosed with a
life-threatening illness, or both, that is located in a
county with a population of 500,000 or more per-
sons, or located in a county of the 16th class pursu-
ant to Section 28020 of the Government Code, may
have not more than 25 beds for the purpose of serv-
ing persons who are terminally ill.

(C) A congregate living health facility not operated by
a city and county serving persons who are cata-
strophically and severely disabled, as defined in
subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) that is located
in a county of 500,000 or more persons may have
not more than 12 beds for the purpose of serving
persons who are catastrophically and severely dis-
abled.

(4) A congregate living health facility shall have a nonin-
stitutional, homelike environment.

CONGREGATE RESIDENCE. Any building or portion
thereof that contains facilities for living, sleeping and sanita-
tion, as required by this code, and may include facilities for
eating and cooking, for occupancy by other than a family. A
congregate residence may be a shelter, convent, monastery,
dormitory, fraternity or sorority house, but does not include
jails, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels or lodging houses.

[RB] CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. Written, graphic
and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing
the design, location and physical characteristics of the ele-
ments of a project necessary for obtaining a building permit.
Construction drawings shall be drawn to an appropriate scale.

[RE] CONTINUOUS INSULATION (ci). Insulating mate-
rial that is continuous across all structural members without
thermal bridges other than fasteners and service openings. It
is installed on the interior or exterior or is integral to any
opaque surface of the building envelope.

CORE. The lightweight middle section of a structural insu-
lated panel, composed of foam plastic insulation that provides
the link between the two facing shells.

[RB] CORROSION RESISTANCE. The ability of a mate-
rial to withstand deterioration of its surface or its properties
where exposed to its environment.

[RB] COURT. A space, open and unobstructed to the sky,
located at or above grade level on a lot and bounded on three
or more sides by walls or a building.

[RB] CRIPPLE WALL. A framed wall extending from the
top of the foundation to the underside of the floor framing of
the first story above grade plane.

[RB] CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER. A prefabricated
engineered wood product consisting of not less than three
layers of solid-sawn lumber or structural composite lumber
where the adjacent layers are cross-oriented and bonded with
structural adhesive to form a solid wood element.

[RB] DALLE GLASS. A decorative composite glazing
material made of individual pieces of glass that are embedded
in a cast matrix of concrete or epoxy.

DAY-CARE shall, for the purposes of these regulations,
mean the care of persons during any period of a 24-hour day
where permanent sleeping accommodations are not provided.

Note: “Day-care” shall not be construed to preclude the
use of cots or mats for napping purposes, provided all
employees, attendants and staff personnel are awake and
on duty in the area where napping occurs.

DAY-CARE HOME, EAMILY. A home that regularly pro-
vides care, protection and supervision for 14 or fewer chil-
dren, in the provider’s own home, for periods of less than 24
hours per day, while the parents or guardians are away, and
is either a large family day-care home or a small family day-
care home.

DAY-CARE HOME, LARGE EAMILY. A provider’s own
home which is licensed to provide day care for periods less
than 24 hours per day for nine to 14 persons, including chil-
dren under the age of 10 years who reside at the home.

DAY-CARE HOME, SMALL FAMILY. A home which pro-
vides family day-care to eight or fewer children, including
children under the age of 10 years who reside at the home, in
the provider’s own home, for periods of less than 24 hours
per day. Small family day-care homes are exempted from
state fire and life safety regulations other than those state and
local standards applicable to Group R-3 Occupancies. [See
Health and Safety Code, Section 13143 (b).[

[RB] DEAD LOADS. The weight of the materials of construc-
tion incorporated into the building, including but not limited to
walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, fin-
ishes, cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural
and structural items, and fixed service equipment.

[RB] DECORATIVE GLASS. A carved, leaded or Dalle
glass or glazing material with a purpose that is decorative or
artistic, not functional; with coloring, texture or other design
qualities or components that cannot be removed without

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

destroying the glazing material; and with a surface, or assem-
^ bly into which it is incorporated, that is divided into segments.

DEPARTMENT. The Department of Housing and Commu-
^ nity Development.

DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. See “Registered design profes-
sional.”

DIAMETER. Unless specifically stated, the term “diameter”
is the nominal diameter as designated by the approved mate-
rial standard.

[RB] DIAPHRAGM. A horizontal or nearly horizontal sys-
tem acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting
elements. Where the term “diaphragm” is used, it includes
^ horizontal bracing systems.

[RB] DRAFT STOP. A material, device or construction
installed to restrict the movement of air within open spaces of
concealed areas of building components such as crawl spaces,
^ floor-ceiling assemblies, roof-ceiling assemblies and attics.

DUCT SYSTEM. All ducts, duct fittings, plenums and fans
when assembled to form a continuous passageway for the dis-
tribution of air.

[RB] DWELLING. Any building that contains one or two
dwelling units used, intended, or designed to be built, used,
rented, leased, let or hired out to be occupied, or that are
occupied for living purposes.

[RB] DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete
independent living facilities for one or more persons, includ-
ing permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking
^ and sanitation.

EFEICIENCY DWELLING UNIT. A dwelling unit contain-
ing only one habitable room and includes an efficiency unit
as defined by Health and Safety Code Section 17958.1. See
^ Section R304.

[RB] EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPEN-
ING. An operable exterior window, door or similar device
that provides for a means of escape and access for rescue in
the event of an emergency.

ENFORCEMENT. Notwithstanding other provisions of law,
the applicable section of the Health and Safety Code, Section
17920, is repeated here for clarity:

“Enforcement” means diligent effort to secure compliance,
including review of plans and permit applications, response
to complaints, citation of violations, and other legal process.
Except as otherwise provided in this part, “enforcement”
may, but need not, include inspections of existing buildings
on which no complaint or permit application has been filed,
and effort to secure compliance as to these existing buildings.

ENFORCEMENT AGENCY. See “ENFORCING AGENCY.”

ENFORCING AGENCY. The designated department or
agency as specified by statute or regulation.

[RB] ENGINEERED WOOD RIM BOARD. A full-depth
structural composite lumber, wood structural panel, structural
glued laminated timber or prefabricated wood I-joist member
designed to transfer horizontal (shear) and vertical (compres-

sion) loads, provide attachment for diaphragm sheathing, sid-
ing and exterior deck ledgers and provide lateral support at
the ends of floor or roof joists or rafters.

[RB] ESCARPMENT. With respect to topographic wind ^
effects, a cliff or steep slope generally separating two levels
or gently sloping areas.

[RB] EXTERIOR INSULATION AND FINISH SYS-
TEMS (EIFS). EIFS are nonstructural, nonload-bearing
exterior wall cladding systems that consist of an insulation
board attached either adhesively or mechanically, or both, to
the substrate; an integrally reinforced base coat; and a tex-
tured protective finish coat.

[RB] EXTERIOR INSULATION AND FINISH SYS-
TEMS (EIFS) WITH DRAINAGE. An EIFS that incorpo-
rates a means of drainage applied over a water-resistive
barrier.

[RB] EXTERIOR WALL. An above-grade wall that defines
the exterior boundaries of a building. Includes between-floor
spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, roof and basement knee
walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a man-
sard roof and basement walls with an average below-grade
wall area that is less than 50 percent of the total opaque and
nonopaque area of that enclosing side.

[RB] EXTERIOR WALL COVERING. A material or
assembly of materials applied on the exterior side of exterior
walls for the purpose of providing a weather-resistive barrier,
insulation or for aesthetics, including but not limited to,
veneers, siding, exterior insulation and finish systems, archi-
tectural trim and embellishments such as cornices, soffits,
and fascias.

[RB] FACING. The wood structural panel facings that form
the two outmost rigid layers of the structural insulated panel.

FACTORY-BUILT CHIMNEY. A listed and labeled chim-
ney composed of factory-made components assembled in the
field in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and
the conditions of the listing. ^

FAMILY. (HCD I) An individual or two or more persons
who are related by blood or marriage; or otherwise live
together in a dwelling unit.

FENESTRATION. See “Fenestration Product” as defined
in the California Energy Code. <

FIBER-CEMENT (BACKERBOARD, SIDING, SOFFIT,
TRIM AND UNDERLAYMENT) PRODUCTS. Manufac-
tured thin section composites of hydraulic cementitious
matrices and discrete nonasbestos fibers.

FIREBLOCKING. Building materials or materials
approved for use as fireblocking, installed to resist the free
passage of flame to other areas of the building through con-
cealed spaces.

[RB] FIREPLACE. An assembly consisting of a hearth and
fire chamber of noncombustible material and provided with a
chimney, for use with solid fuels.

Factory-built fireplace. A listed and labeled fireplace and
chimney system composed of factory-made components.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

and assembled in the field in accordance with manufac-
turer’s instructions and the conditions of the listing.

Masonry fireplace. A field-constructed fireplace com-
posed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones or concrete.

FIREPLACE STOVE. A free-standing, chimney-con-
nected solid-fuel-burning heater designed to be operated with
the fire chamber doors in either the open or closed position.

[RB] FIREPLACE THROAT. The opening between the top
of the firebox and the smoke chamber.

[RB] FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED WOOD. Pressure-
treated lumber and plywood that exhibit reduced surface
burning characteristics and resist propagation of fire.

Other means during manufacture. A process where the
wood raw material is treated with a fire-retardant formula-
tion while undergoing creation as a finished product.

Pressure process. A process for treating wood using an
initial vacuum followed by the introduction of pressure
above atmospheric.

[RB] FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE. The distance mea-
sured from the building face to one of the following:

1. To the closest interior lot line.

2. To the centerline of a street, an alley or public way.

3. To an imaginary line between two buildings on the lot.
The distance shall be measured at a right angle from the

face of the wall.

FIXTURE. See “Plumbing fixture.”

[RB] ELAME SPREAD. The propagation of flame over a
surface.

[RB] FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure,
expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual
measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a mate-
rial tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723.

[RB] ELIGHT. A continuous run of rectangular treads or
winders or combination thereof from one landing to another.

FLUE. See “Vent.”

FLUE GASES. Products of combustion plus excess air in
appliance flues or heat exchangers.

[RB] FOAM BACKER BOARD. Foam plastic used in sid-
ing applications where the foam plastic is a component of the
siding.

[RB] FOAM PLASTIC INSULATION. A plastic that is
intentionally expanded by the use of a foaming agent to pro-
duce a reduced-density plastic containing voids consisting of
open or closed cells distributed throughout the plastic for
thermal insulating or acoustic purposes and that has a density
less than 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m^) unless it is
used as interior trim.

[RB] FOAM PLASTIC INTERIOR TRIM. Exposed foam
plastic used as picture molds, chair rails, crown moldings,
baseboards, handrails, ceiling beams, door trim and window

trim and similar decorative or protective materials used in
fixed applications.

FULL-TIME CARE shall mean the establishment and rou-
tine care of persons on an hourly, daily, weekly, monthly,
yearly or permanent basis, whether for 24-hours per day or
less, and where sleeping accommodations are provided.

[RB] GLAZING AREA. The interior surface area of all
glazed fenestration, including the area of sash, curbing or
other framing elements, that enclose conditioned space.
Includes the area of glazed fenestration assemblies in walls
bounding conditioned basements.

[RB] GRADE. The finished ground level adjoining the
building at all exterior walls.

[RB] GRADE ELOOR OPENING. A window or other
opening located such that the sill height of the opening is not
more than 44 inches (1118 mm) above or below the finished
ground level adjacent to the opening.

[RB] GRADE PLANE. A reference plane representing the
average of the finished ground level adjoining the building at
all exterior walls. Where the finished ground level slopes
away from the exterior walls, the reference plane shall be
established by the lowest points within the area between the
building and the lot line or, where the lot line is more than 6
feet (1829 mm) from the building between the structure and a
point 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building.

[RB] GROSS AREA OE EXTERIOR WALLS. The nor-
mal projection of all exterior walls, including the area of all
windows and doors installed therein.

[RB] GUARD OR GUARDRAIL. A building component or
a system of building components located near the open sides
of elevated walking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of
a fall from the walking surface to the lower level.

[RB] GUESTROOM. Any room or rooms used or intended
to be used by one or more guests for living or sleeping pur-
poses.

[RB] GYPSUM BOARD. The generic name for a family of
sheet products consisting of a noncombustible core primarily
of gypsum with paper surfacing. Gypsum wallboard, gypsum
sheathing, gypsum base for gypsum veneer plaster, exterior
gypsum soffit board, predecorated gypsum board and water-
resistant gypsum backing board complying with the standards
listed in Section R702.3 and Part IX of this code are types of
gypsum board.

[RB] GYPSUM PANEL PRODUCT. The general name for
a family of sheet products consisting essentially of gypsum.

[RB] HABITABLE SPACE. A space in a building for liv-
ing, sleeping, eating or cooking. Bathrooms, toilet rooms,
closets, halls, storage or utility spaces and similar areas are
not considered habitable spaces.

[RB] HANDRAIL. A horizontal or sloping rail intended for
grasping by the hand for guidance or support.

HANGERS. See “Supports.”

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

HAZARDOUS LOCATION. Any location considered to be
a fire hazard for flammable vapors, dust, combustible fibers
or other highly combustible substances.

^ [RB] HEIGHT, BUILDING. The vertical distance from
grade plane to the average height of the highest roof surface.

[RB] HEIGHT, STORY. The vertical distance from top to
top of two successive tiers of beams or finished floor sur-
faces; and, for the topmost story, from the top of the floor fin-
ish to the top of the ceiling joists or, where there is not a
ceiling, to the top of the roof rafters.

[RB] HILL. With respect to topographic wind effects, a land
surface characterized by strong relief in any horizontal direc-
tion.

^ [RB] HURRICANE-PRONE REGIONS. Areas vulnerable
to hurricanes, defined as the U.S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of
I Mexico coasts where the ultimate design wind speed, is
greater than 115 miles per hour (51 m/s), and Hawaii, Puerto
Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands and America Samoa.

IGNITION SOURCE. A flame, spark or hot surface capable
of igniting flammable vapors or fumes. Such sources include
appliance burners, burner ignitions and electrical switching
devices.

INFANT, for the purpose of these regulations, shall mean
any child who because of age only, is unable to walk and
requires the aid of another person to evacuate the building.
In no case shall the term “infant” mean a child 2 years of age
or older.

^ [RB] INSULATED VINYL SIDING. A vinyl cladding
product, with manufacturer-installed foam plastic insulating
material as an integral part of the cladding product, having a
thermal resistance of not less than R-2.

[RB] INSULATING CONCRETE FORM (ICE). A con-
crete forming system using stay-in-place forms of rigid foam
plastic insulation, a hybrid of cement and foam insulation, a
hybrid of cement and wood chips, or other insulating material
for constructing cast-in-place concrete walls.

[RE] INSULATING SHEATHING. An insulating board
having a thermal resistance of not less than R-2 of the core
> material.

[RB] JURISDICTION. The governmental unit that has
adopted this code under due legislative authority.

[RB] KITCHEN. Kitchen shall mean an area used, or desig-
nated to be used, for the preparation of food.

[RB] LABEL. An identification applied on a product by the
manufacturer that contains the name of the manufacturer, the
function and performance characteristics of the product or
material, and the name and identification of an approved
agency and that indicates that the representative sample of the
product or material has been tested and evaluated by an
approved agency. (See also “Manufacturer’s designation”
and “Mark.”)

LABELED. (HCD I) Labeled means equipment or materials
to which has been attached a label, symbol or other identify-
ing mark of an organization, approved by the Department,
that maintains a periodic inspection program of production

of labeled products, installations, equipment or materials and
by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance
with appropriate standards or performance in a specified
manner.

[RB] LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION. A type of con-
struction with vertical and horizontal structural elements that
are primarily formed by a system of repetitive wood or cold-
formed steel framing members.

LIMITED-DENSITY OWNER-BUILT RURAL DWELL-
INGS. Any structure consisting of one or more habitable
rooms intended or designed to be occupied by one family with
facilities for living or sleeping, with use restricted to rural
areas designated by local jurisdiction. Notwithstanding other
sections of law, the applicable section of Health and Safety
Code Section 17958.2 is repeated here for clarification pur-
poses.

Section 17958.2. (a) Notwithstanding Section 17958, regula-
tions of the department adopted for limited-density owner-
built rural dwellings, which are codified in Article 8 (com-
mencing with Section 74 ) of Subchapter 1 of Chapter 1 of
Title 25 of the California Code of Regulations, shall not
become operative within any city or county unless and until
the governing body of the city or county makes an express
finding that the application of those regulations within the
city or county is reasonably necessary because of local con-
ditions and the city or county files a copy of that finding with
the department.

(b) In adopting ordinances or regulations for limited-
density owner-built rural dwellings, a city or county may
make such changes or modifications in the requirements
contained in Article 8 (commencing with Section 74) of
Subchapter 1 of Chapter 1 of Title 25 of the California
Code of Regulations that it determines are reasonably
necessary because of local conditions, if the city or county
files a copy of the changes or modifications and the
express findings for the changes or modifications with the
department. No change or modification of that type shall
become effective or operative for any purpose until the
finding and the change or modification has been filed with
the department.

LISTED. (HCD I ) All products that appear in a list published
by an approved testing or listing agency. For additional infor-
mation, see Health and Safety Code Section 17920(h).

[RB] LISTED. (SFM) Equipment, materials, products or
services included in a list published by an organization
acceptable to the code official and concerned with evaluation
of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of
production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalu-
ation of services and whose listing states either that the equip-
ment, material, product or service meets identified standards
or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
For applications listed in Section 1.11 regulated by the Office
of the State Fire Marshal, “listed” shall also mean equipment
or materials accepted by the state fire marshal as conforming
to the provisions of the State Fire Marshal’s regulations and
which are included in a list published by the State Fire Mar-
shal.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

I I LISTING AGENCY. (HCD I & HCD 2) An agency approved
by the department that is in the business of listing and labeling
products, materials, equipment and installations tested by an
approved testing agency, and that maintains a periodic
inspection program on current production of listed products,
equipment and installations, and that, at least annually,
makes available a published report of these listings. For addi-
tional information, see Health and Safety Code Section
17920(i).

[RB] LIVE LOADS. Those loads produced by the use and
occupancy of the building or other structure and do not
include construction or environmental loads such as wind
load, snow load, rain load, earthquake load, flood load or
dead load.

LIVING SPACE. Space within a dwelling unit utilized for
living, sleeping, eating, cooking, bathing, washing and sanita-
tion purposes.

LOCAL EXHAUST. An exhaust system that uses one or
more fans to exhaust air from a specific room or rooms within
a dwelling.

I I LODGING HOUSE. (HCD I) Any building or portion
thereof containing not more than five guest rooms where rent
is paid in money, goods, labor or otherwise, and that is occu-
pied by the proprietor as the residence of such proprietor.

[RB] LOT. A portion or parcel of land considered as a unit.

[RB] LOT LINE. A line dividing one lot from another, or
from a street or any public place.

^ [RB] MANUFACTURER’S DESIGNATION. An identifi-
cation applied on a product by the manufacturer indicating
that a product or material complies with a specified standard
or set of rules. (See also “Mark” and “Label.”)

[RB] MANUFACTURER’S INSTALLATION INSTRUC-
TIONS. Printed instructions included with equipment as part
of the conditions of their listing and labeling.

[RB] MARK. An identification applied on a product by the
manufacturer indicating the name of the manufacturer and the
function of a product or material. (See also “Manufacturer’s
designation” and “Label.”)

[RB] MASONRY CHIMNEY. A field-constructed chimney
composed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones or concrete.

[RB] MASONRY HEATER. A masonry heater is a solid
fuel burning heating appliance constructed predominantly of
concrete or solid masonry having a mass of not less than
1,100 pounds (500 kg), excluding the chimney and founda-
tion. It is designed to absorb and store a substantial portion of
heat from a fire built in the firebox by routing exhaust gases
through internal heat exchange channels in which the flow
path downstream of the firebox includes not less than one
180-degree (3.14-rad) change in flow direction before enter-
ing the chimney and that deliver heat by radiation through the
masonry surface of the heater.

[RB] MASONRY, SOLID. Masonry consisting of solid
masonry units laid contiguously with the joints between the
units filled with mortar.

[RB] MASONRY UNIT. Brick, tile, stone, architectural cast
stone, glass block or concrete block conforming to the

requirements specified in Section 2103 of the California
Building Code.

Clay. A building unit larger in size than a brick, composed
of burned clay, shale, fire clay or mixtures thereof.

Concrete. A building unit or block larger in size than 12
inches by 4 inches by 4 inches (305 mm by 102 mm by
102 mm) made of cement and suitable aggregates.

Glass. Nonload-bearing masonry composed of glass units
bonded by mortar.

Hollow. A masonry unit with a net cross-sectional area in
any plane parallel to the loadbearing surface that is less
than 75 percent of its gross cross-sectional area measured
in the same plane.

Solid. A masonry unit with a net cross-sectional area in
every plane parallel to the loadbearing surface that is 75
percent or more of its cross-sectional area measured in the
same plane.

[RB] MEAN ROOF HEIGHT. The average of the roof eave
height and the height to the highest point on the roof surface,
except that eave height shall be used for roof angle of less
than or equal to 10 degrees (0.18 rad).

[RB] METAL ROOF PANEL. An interlocking metal sheet
having an installed weather exposure of not less than 3 square
feet (0.28 m^) per sheet.

[RB] METAL ROOF SHINGLE. An interlocking metal
sheet having an installed weather exposure less than 3 square
feet (0.28 m^) per sheet.

[RB] MEZZANINE. An intermediate level or levels
between the floor and ceiling of any story.

MEZZANINE, LOFT. An intermediate level or levels
between the floor and ceiling of any story with an aggregate
floor area of not more than one-third of the area of the room
or space in which the level or levels are located.

[RB] MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF COVERING. One or

more layers of polymer modified asphalt sheets. The sheet
materials shall be fully adhered or mechanically attached to
the substrate or held in place with an approved ballast layer.

[RB] MULTIPLE STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or

more single station alarm devices that are capable of inter-
connection such that actuation of one causes all integral or
separate audible alarms to operate.

[RB] NAILABLE SUBSTRATE. A product or material
such as framing, sheathing or furring, composed of wood or
wood-based materials, or other materials and fasteners pro-
viding equivalent fastener withdrawal resistance.

[RB] NATURALLY DURABLE WOOD. The heartwood
of the following species with the exception that an occasional
piece with corner sapwood is permitted if 90 percent or more
of the width of each side on which it occurs is heartwood.

Decay resistant. Redwood, cedar, black locust and black
walnut.

Termite resistant. Alaska yellow cedar, redwood. Eastern
red cedar and Western red cedar including all sapwood of
Western red cedar.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

NONAMBULATORY PERSONS are persons unable to
leave a building unassisted under emergency conditions. It
includes, but is not limited to, persons who depend on
mechanical aids such as crutches, walkers and wheelchairs
and any person who is unable to physically and mentally
respond to a sensory signal approved by the state fire mar-
shal or an oral instruction relating to fire danger.

The determination of ambulatory or nonambulatory status
of persons with developmental disabilities shall be made by
the Director of Social Services or his or her designated rep-
resentative, in consultation with the director of Developmen-
tal Services or his or her designated representative. The
determination of ambulatory or nonambulatory status of all
other disabled persons placed after January 1, 1984, who are
not developmentally disabled shall be made by the Director
of Social Services or his or her designated representative.

> NONCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. Noncombustible as
applied to building construction material means a material
which, in the form in which it is used, is either one of the fol-
lowing:

1. Material of which no part will ignite and burn when
subjected to fire. Any material passing ASTM E136
shall be considered noncombustible.

2. Material having a structural base of noncombustible
material as defined in Item 1 above, with a surfacing
material not over Vg inch (3.2 mm) thick which has a
flame-spread index of 50 or less.

“Noncombustible” does not apply to surface finish materi-
als. Material required to be noncombustible for reduced
clearances to flues, heating appliances or other sources of
high temperature shall refer to material conforming to Item
1. No material shall be classed as noncombustible which is
subject to increase in combustibility or flame-spread index,
beyond the limits herein established, through the effects of
age, moisture or other atmospheric condition.

[RB] NOSING. The leading edge of treads of stairs and of
landings at the top of stairway flights.

[RB] OCCUPIED SPACE. The total area of all buildings or
structures on any lot or parcel of ground projected on a hori-
zontal plane, excluding permitted projections as allowed by
this code.

[RB] OWNER. Any person, agent, firm or corporation hav-
ing a legal or equitable interest in the property.

[RB] PAN FLASHING. Corrosion-resistant flashing at the
base of an opening that is integrated into the building exterior
wall to direct water to the exterior and is premanufactured,
fabricated, formed or applied at the job site.

[RB] PANEL THICKNESS. Thickness of core plus two
layers of structural wood panel facings.

PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR. Uses architec-
tural components, rather than mechanical components, to
provide heating or cooling for a building interior.

PELLET EUEL-BURNING APPLIANCE. A closed com-
bustion, vented appliance equipped with a fuel feed mecha-
nism for burning processed pellets of solid fuel of a specified
size and composition.

PELLET VENT. A vent listed and labeled for use with a
listed pellet fuel-burning appliance.

[RB] PEREORMANCE CATEGORY. A designation of
wood structural panels as related to the panel performance
used in Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 8.

[RB] PERMIT. An official document or certificate issued by
the authority having jurisdiction that authorizes performance
of a specified activity.

[RB] PERSON. An individual, heirs, executors, administra-
tors or assigns, and a firm, partnership or corporation, its or
their successors or assigns, or the agent of any of the afore-
said.

PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES,
PROEOUNDLY OR SEVERELY. Shall mean any persons
with intellectual disabilities who is unable to evacuate a
building unassisted during emergency conditions.

Note: The determination as to such incapacity shall be
made by the Director of the State Department of Public
Health or his or her designated representative pursuant to
Health and Safety Code Section 13131.3.

[RB] PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE. A complete, environ-
mentally protected unit consisting of solar cells, optics and
other components, exclusive of a tracker, designed to gener-
ate DC power where exposed to sunlight.

[RB] PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL. A collection of photo-
voltaic modules mechanically fastened together, wired, and
designed to provide a field-installable unit.

[RB] PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SYSTEM. A system that
incorporates discrete photovoltaic panels that convert solar
radiation into electricity, including rack support systems.

[RB] PHOTOVOLTAIC SHINGLES. A roof covering that
resembles shingles and that incorporates photovoltaic mod-
ules.

[RB] PLASTIC COMPOSITE. A generic designation that
refers to wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber.

[RB] PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION. A method of con-
struction by which floor framing bears on load bearing walls
that are not continuous through the story levels or floor fram-
ing.

PLENUM. A chamber that forms part of an air-circulation
system other than the occupied space being conditioned.

PLUMBING APPLIANCE. An energized household appli-
ance with plumbing connections, such as a dishwasher, food
waste disposer, clothes washer or water heater.

PLUMBING EIXTURE. A receptacle or device that is con-
nected to a water supply system or discharges to a drainage
system or both. Such receptacles or devices require a supply

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

of water; or discharge liquid waste or liquid-borne solid
waste; or require a supply of water and discharge waste to a
drainage system.

PLUMBING SYSTEMS. Includes the water distribution
pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; water-treating or water-
using equipment; soil, waste and vent pipes; and building
drains; in addition to their respective connections, devices
and appurtenances within a structure or premises; and the
water service, building sewer and building storm sewer serv-
ing such structure or premises.

[RB] POLYPROPYLENE SIDING. A shaped material,
made principally from polypropylene homopolymer, or copo-
lymer, that in some cases contains fillers or reinforcements,
that is used to clad exterior walls or buildings.

[RB] POSITIVE ROOE DRAINAGE. The drainage condi-
tion in which consideration has been made for the loading
deflections of the roof deck, and additional slope has been
provided to ensure drainage of the roof within 48 hours of
precipitation.

[RB] PRECAST CONCRETE. A structural concrete ele-
ment cast elsewhere than its final position in the structure.

[RB] PRECAST CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALLS.

Pre-engineered, precast concrete wall panels that are
designed to withstand specified stresses and used to build
below-grade foundations.

PROTECTIVE SOCIAL CARE EACILITY. A facility hous-
ing persons, who are referred, placed or caused to be placed
in the facility, by any governmental agency and for whom the
services, or a portion thereof, are paid for by any governmen-
tal agency. These occupancies shall include, but are not lim-
ited to, those commonly referred to as “assisted living
facilities,” “social rehabilitation facilities,” “ certified family
care homes,” “out-of-home placement facilities” and “half-
way houses. ”

[RB] PUBLIC WAY. Any street, alley or other parcel of
land open to the outside air leading to a public street, that has
been deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropri-
ated to the public for public use and that has a clear width and
height of not less than 10 feet (3048 mm).

[RB] RAMP. A walking surface that has a running slope
steeper than 1 unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5 -percent
slope).

[RB] REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL. An

individual who is registered or licensed to practice their
respective design profession as defined by the statutory
requirements of the professional registration laws of the state
or jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.

[RB] REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of
an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance or to
correct damage.

[RB] REROOFING. The process of recovering or replacing
an existing roof covering. See “Roof recover.”

For definition applicable in Chapter 11, see Section
N1101.6.

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE CHRON-
ICALLY ILL (RCF/CI), as termed, means a housing
arrangement with a maximum capacity of 25 residents that
provides a range of services to residents who have chronic,
life-threatening illnesses.

RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITY FOR THE ELDERLY
(RCFE), as defined in Health and Safety Code Section
1569.2, shall mean a facility with a housing arrangement
chosen voluntarily by persons 60 years of age or over, or
their authorized representative, where varying levels and
intensities of care and supervision, protective supervision or
personal care are provided, based on their varying needs, as
determined in order to be admitted and to remain in the facil-
ity. Persons under 60 years of age with compatible needs, as
determined by the Department of Social Services in regula-
tions, may be allowed to be admitted or retained in a residen-
tial-care facility for the elderly. Pursuant to Health and
Safety Code Section 13133, regulations of the State Fire Mar-
shal pertaining to Group R, Division 2 Occupancies classi-
fied as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residential-care
Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uniformly
throughout the state and no city, county, city and county,
including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection
district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or
regulation relating to fire and panic safety which is in consis-
tent with these regulations. A city, county, city and county,
including a charter city or charter county may pursuant to
Health and Safety Code Section 13143.5, or afire protection
district may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13869.7, adopt standards more stringent than those adopted
by the State Fire Marshal that are reasonably necessary to
accommodate local climate, geological or topographical
conditions relating to roof coverings for Residential-care
Facilities for the Elderly.

RESIDENTIAL FACILITY (RF), as defined in Section
1502 of the Health and Safety Code, shall mean any family
home, group care facility or similar facility determined by the
director of Social Services, for 24-hour nonmedical care of
persons in need of personal services, supervision, or assis-
tance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living or
for the protection of the individual. Such facilities include
small family homes and social rehabilitation facilities. Pursu-
ant to Health and Safety Code Section 13133, regulations of
the State Fire Marshal pertaining to Group R Occupancies
classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and Residential-care
Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall apply uniformly
throughout the state and no city, county, city and county,
including a charter city or charter county, or fire protection
district shall adopt or enforce any ordinance or local rule or
regulation relating to fire and panic safety which is in consis-
tent with these regulations. A city, county, city and county,
including a charter city or charter county may pursuant to
Health and Safety Code Section 13143.5, or afire protection
district may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13869.7, adopt standards more stringent than those adopted
by the State Fire Marshal that are reasonably necessary to
accommodate local climate, geological or topographical
conditions relating to roof coverings for Residential-care
Facilities for the Elderly.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

RESTRAINT. The physical retention of a person within a
room, cell or cell block by any means, or within the exterior
walls of a building by means of locked doors inoperable by
the person restrained. Restraint shall also mean the physical
binding, strapping or similar restriction of any person in a
chair, walker, bed or other contrivance for the purpose of
deliberately restricting the free movement of ambulatory per-
sons. Restraint shall not be construed to include nonambula-
tory persons nor shall it include the use of bandage material,
strip sheeting or other fabrics or materials (soft ties) used to
restrain persons in hospital-type beds or wheelchairs to pre-
vent injury, provided an approved method of quick release is
maintained. Facilities employing the use of soft ties, however,
shall be classified as a building used to house nonambulatory
persons. Restraint shall not be practiced in licensed facilities
classified as Group I-l, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies unless
constructed as a Group 1-3 occupancy. For Group 1-3 Occu-
I I pancies see Section 308.5 of the California Building Code.

> [RB] RIDGE. With respect to topographic wind effects, an
elongated crest of a hill characterized hy strong relief in two
directions.

[RB] RISER. The vertical component of a step or stair.

[RB] ROOF ASSEMBLY. A system designed to provide
weather protection and resistance to design loads. The system
consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single compo-
nent serving as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A
roof assembly includes the roof deck, vapor retarder, sub-
strate or thermal barrier, insulation, vapor retarder, and roof
covering.

[RB] ROOF COVERING. The covering applied to the roof
deck for weather resistance, fire classification or appearance.

ROOF COVERING SYSTEM. See “Roof assembly.”

[RB] ROOF DECK. The flat or sloped surface not including
its supporting members or vertical supports.

[RB] ROOF RECOVER. The process of installing an addi-
tional roof covering over a prepared existing roof covering
without removing the existing roof covering.

For definition applicable in Chapter 11, see Section N1 101.6.

[RB] ROOF REPAIR. Reconstruction or renewal of any
part of an existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.

For definition applicable in Chapter 11, see Section N1 101.6.

[RB] ROOF REPLACEMENT. The process of removing
the existing roof covering, repairing any damaged substrate
and installing a new roof covering.

[RB] ROOFTOP STRUCTURE. An enclosed structure on
or above the roof of any part of a building.

[RB] RUNNING BOND. The placement of masonry units
such that head joints in successive courses are horizontally
offset not less than one-quarter the unit length.

SCUPPER. An opening in a wall or parapet that allows water
to drain from a roof.

[RB] SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY (SDC). A classifi-
cation assigned to a structure based on its occupancy category

and the severity of the design earthquake ground motion at
the site.

[RB] SHALL. The term, where used in the code, is construed
as mandatory.

[RB] SHEAR WALL. A general term for walls that are
designed and constructed to resist racking from seismic and
wind by use of masonry, concrete, cold-formed steel or wood
framing in accordance with Chapter 6 of this code and the
associated limitations in Section R301.2 of this code.

[RB] SINGLE PLY MEMBRANE. A roofing membrane
that is field applied using one layer of membrane material
(either homogeneous or composite) rather than multiple layers.

[RB] SINGLE STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly
incorporating the detector, control equipment and alarm
sounding device in one unit that is operated from a power
supply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installa-
tion.

[RB] SHINGLE FASHION. A method of installing roof or
wall coverings, water-resistive barriers, flashing or other
building components such that upper layers of material are
placed overlapping lower layers of material to provide drain-
age and protect against water intrusion at unsealed penetra-
tions and joints or in combination with sealed joints.

[RB] SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. A comparative mea-
sure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from
measurements of smoke obscuration versus time for a mate-
rial tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723.

[RB] SOLID MASONRY. Load-bearing or nonload-bearing
construction using masonry units where the net cross-sec-
tional area of each unit in any plane parallel to the bearing
surface is not less than 75 percent of its gross cross-sectional
area. Solid masonry units shall conform to ASTM C55, C62,
C73, C145orC216.

[RB] SPLINE. A strip of wood structural panel cut from the
same material used for the panel facings, used to connect two
structural insulated panels. The strip (spline) fits into a
groove cut into the vertical edges of the two structural insu-
lated panels to be joined. Splines are used behind each facing
of the structural insulated panels being connected as shown in
Figure R613.8.

[RB] STACK BOND. The placement of masonry units in a
bond pattern is such that head joints in successive courses are
vertically aligned. For the purpose of this code, requirements
for stack bond shall apply to all masonry laid in other than
running bond.

[RB] STAIR. A change in elevation, consisting of one or
more risers.

[RB] STAIRWAY. One or more flights of stairs, either inte-
rior or exterior, with the necessary landings and connecting
platforms to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage
from one level to another within or attached to a building,
porch or deck.

[RB] STAIRWAY, SPIRAL. A stairway with a plan view of
closed circular form and uniform section- shaped treads radi-
ating from a minimum-diameter circle.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

STATE-OWNED/LEASED BUILDING. A building or por-
tion of a building that is owned, leased or rented by the state.
State-leased buildings shall include all required exits to a
public way serving such leased area or space. Portions of
state-leased buildings that are not leased or rented by the
state shall not be included within the scope of this section
unless such portions present an exposure hazard to the state-
leased area or space.

[RB] STORY. That portion of a building included between
the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor
or roof next above.

[RB] STORY ABOVE GRADE PLANE. Any story having
its finished floor surface entirely above grade plane, or in
which the finished surface of the floor next above is either of
the following:

1. More than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade plane.

2. More than 12 feet (3658 mm) above the finished
ground level at any point.

[RB] STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE LUMBER. Structural
members manufactured using wood elements bonded
together with exterior adhesives.

Examples of structural composite lumber are:

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL). A composite of wood
veneer elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along
the length of the member, where the veneer element thick-
nesses are 0.25 inches (6.4 mm) or less.

Parallel strand lumber (PSL). A composite of wood
strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along
the length of the member, where the least dimension of the
wood strand elements is 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) or less and
their average lengths are not less than 300 times the least
dimension of the wood strand elements.

Laminated strand lumber (LSL). A composite of wood
strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along
the length of the member, where the least dimension of the
wood strand elements is 0.10 inch (2.54 mm) or less and
their average lengths are not less than 150 times the least
dimension of the wood strand elements.

Oriented strand lumber (OSL). A composite of wood
strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along
the length of the member, where the least dimension of the
wood strand elements is 0.10 inch (2.54 mm) or less and
their average lengths are not less than 75 times and less
than 150 times the least dimension of the wood strand ele-
ments.

[RB] STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANEL (SIP). A

structural sandwich panel that consists of a light-weight foam
plastic core securely laminated between two thin, rigid wood
structural panel facings.

[RB] STRUCTURE. That which is built or constructed.

[RB] SUNROOM. A one-story structure attached to a dwell-
ing with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of the gross
area of the structure’s exterior walls and roof.

SUPPORTS. Devices for supporting, hanging and securing
pipes, fixtures and equipment.

TERMINALLY ILL, as termed for an individual, means the
individual has a life expectancy of six months or less as stated
in writing by his or her attending physician and surgeon.

[RB] TERMITE-RESISTANT MATERIAL. Pressure-
preservative treated wood in accordance with the AWPA
standards in Section R318.1, naturally durable termite-resis-
tant wood, steel, concrete, masonry or other approved mate-
rial.

TESTING AGENCY. An agency approved by the department
as qualified and equipped for testing of products, materials,
equipment and installations in accordance with nationally
recognized standards. For additional information, see Health
and Safety Code Section 17920(m).

[RB] THERMAL ISOLATION. Physical and space condi-
tioning separation from conditioned space(s) consisting of
existing or new walls, doors or windows. The conditioned
space(s) shall be controlled as separate zones for heating and
cooling or conditioned by separate equipment.

For definition applicable in Chapter 11, see Section N1101.6.

[RB] TOWNHOUSE. A single-family dwelling unit con-
structed in a group of three or more attached units in which
each unit extends from foundation to roof and with a yard or
public way on not less than two sides.

[RB] TRIM. Picture molds, chair rails, baseboards, hand-
rails, door and window frames, and similar decorative or pro-
tective materials used in fixed applications.

[RB] TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING. The graphic depiction
of an individual truss, that describes the design and physical
characteristics of the truss.

[RE] TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICE (TDD). A

nonoperable fenestration unit primarily designed to transmit
daylight from a roof surface to an interior ceiling via a tubular
conduit. The basic unit consists of an exterior glazed weather-
ing surface, a light-transmitting tube with a reflective interior
surface, and an interior- sealing device such as a translucent
ceiling panel. The unit may be factory assembled, or field
assembled from a manufactured kit.

TYPE L VENT. A listed and labeled vent conforming to UL
641 for venting oil-burning appliances listed for use with
Type L vents or with gas appliances listed for use with Type
B vents.

[RB] UNDERLAYMENT. One or more layers of felt,
sheathing paper, nonbituminous saturated felt, or other
approved material over which a roof covering, with a slope of
2 to 12 (17-percent slope) or greater, is applied.

[RB] VAPOR PERMEABLE. The property of having a
moisture vapor permeance rating of 5 perms (2.9 x 10 *° kg/
Pa • s • m^) or greater, where tested in accordance with the
desiccant method using Procedure A of ASTM E96. A vapor
permeable material permits the passage of moisture vapor.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

DEFINITIONS

[RB] VAPOR RETARDER CLASS. A measure of the abil-
ity of a material or assembly to limit the amount of moisture
that passes through that material or assembly. Vapor retarder
class shall be defined using the desiccant method with Proce-
dure A of ASTM E96 as follows:

Class I: 0. 1 perm or less
Class II: 0.1 < perm <1.0 perm
Class III: 1.0 < perm < 10 perm

VENT. A passageway for conveying flue gases from fuel-
fired appliances, or their vent connectors, to the outside atmo-
sphere.

VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of sup-
plying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such
air from, any space.

VENTING. Removal of combustion products to the out-
doors.

VENTING SYSTEM. A continuous open passageway from
the flue collar of an appliance to the outside atmosphere for
the purpose of removing flue or vent gases. A venting system
is usually composed of a vent or a chimney and vent connec-
tor, if used, assembled to form the open passageway.

[RB] VINYL SIDING. A shaped material, made principally
from rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC), that is used to cover
exterior walls of buildings.

[RB] WALL, RETAINING. A wall not laterally supported
at the top, that resists lateral soil load and other imposed
loads.

[RB] WALLS. Walls shall be defined as follows:

Load-bearing wall. A wall supporting any vertical load in
addition to its own weight.

Nonbearing wall. A wall which does not support vertical
loads other than its own weight.

[RB] WATER-RESISTIVE BARRIER. A material behind
an exterior wall covering that is intended to resist liquid water
that has penetrated behind the exterior covering from further
intruding into the exterior wall assembly.

[RB] WINDER. A tread with nonparallel edges.

[RB] WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL. A panel manufac-
tured from veneers; or wood strands or wafers; bonded
together with waterproof synthetic resins or other suitable
bonding systems. Examples of wood structural panels are
plywood, OSB or composite panels.

[RB] YARD. An open space, other than a court, unobstructed
from the ground to the sky, except where specifically pro-
vided by this code, on the lot on which a building is situated.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 3 - BUILDING PLANNING

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as amended
(amended sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter / Section

R300

R300. 1

R300.2

R301.1

R301. 1.1.1

R301. 1.3.1

R301. 1.3.2

R301. 1.3.3

Table R301.2(1)

R301. 2.2.1. 1

R301.2.2.1.2

R301.2.2.3.7

R302.1 - R302.14

R302.1

R302.2

R302.5.1

R302.6

R302.14

R303.1

R303.3

R303.3. 1

R303.4

R303.7 - R308.1

R303.8. 1. 1

R303.9

R304.2

R304.5

R307.1

Figure R307.1

R308.3 - R308.4

R309.4

R309.5

R309.6

R309.7

R309.8

R310- R310.4

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 3 - BUILDING PLANNING— continued

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt Entire Chapter

Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)

Adopt only those sections that
are listed below

Chapter / Section

R310.2.2

R311 - R311. 8.3.3

R312 - R312.2.2

R312.1.2

R313 - R313.3.8.2

R314 - R314.8.3

R315.1.1

R315.2

R315.2.1

R31 5.2.2

R315.3

R315.4

R315.5

R31 5.6.2

R315.6.4

R315.7

R316

R319

R320.1

R320.1.1

R321

R321 .3

R322.1.6

R322.1.7

R322.1.9

R324

R324.2

R324.3

R324.6.1

R324.7.2.5

R326

R334

R334. 1

R335 - R335.9

R336 - R336.8

R337 - R337. 10.4

R338 - R338.4

R340

R340. 1

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: t

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Part III — Building Planning and Construction

CHAPTER 3

BUILDING PLANNING

SECTION R300
SITE DRAINAGE

R300.1 Storm water drainage and retention during con-
struction. Projects which disturb less than one acre of soil
and are not part of a larger common plan of development
which in total disturbs one acre or more, shall manage storm
water drainage during construction in accordance with the
California Green Building Standards Code, Chapter 4, Divi-
sion 4.1.

R300.2 Grading and paving. Construction plans shall indi-
cate how the site grading or drainage system will manage all
surface water flows to keep water from entering buildings in
accordance with the California Green Building Standards
Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.1.

SECTION R301
DESIGN CRITERIA

R301.1 Application. Buildings and structures, and parts
thereof, shall be constructed to safely support all loads,
including dead loads, live loads, roof loads, flood loads, snow
loads, wind loads and seismic loads as prescribed by this
code. The construction of buildings and structures in accor-
dance with the provisions of this code shall result in a system
that provides a complete load path that meets the require-
ments for the transfer of loads from their point of origin
through the load-resisting elements to the foundation. Build-
ings and structures constructed as prescribed by this code are
deemed to comply with the requirements of this section.

Existing buildings housing existing protective social care
homes or facilities established prior to 1972 (see Chapter 11
of the California Fire Code and the California Existing
Building Code).

R301.1.1 Alternative provisions. As an alternative to the
requirements in Section R301.1, the following standards
are permitted subject to the limitations of this code and the
limitations therein. Where engineered design is used in
conjunction with these standards, the design shall comply
with the California Building Code.

1. AF&PA Wood Frame Construction Manual
(WFCM).

2. AISI Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing —
Prescriptive Method for One- and Two-Family
Dwellings (AISI S230).

3. ICC Standard on the Design and Construction of
Log Structures (ICC 400).

R301. 1.1.1 Alternative provisions for limited-density
owner-built rural dwellings. The purpose of this sub-
section is to permit alternatives that provide minimum
protection of life, limb, health, property, safety and

welfare of the general public and the owners and occu-
pants of limited-density owner-built rural dwellings as
defined in Chapter 2 of this code. For additional infor-
mation see Chapter 1, Subchapter 1, Article 8, of Title
25, California Code of Regulations, commencing with
Section 74.

To meet compliance with the requirements of this
code, provisions of Section R301. 1.1.1, Items 1 though 5
may be utilized for limited-density owner-built rural
dwellings when the materials, methods of construction,
or appliances are determined appropriate or suitable
for their intended purpose by the local enforcing agency.

1. A limited-density owner-built rural dwelling may
be of any type of construction which will provide
for a sound structural condition. Structural haz-
ards which result in an unsound condition and
which may constitute a substandard building are
delineated in Section 17920.3 of the Health and
Safety Code.

2. There shall be no requirements for room dimen-
sions as required in Chapter 3, provided there is
adequate light and ventilation and means of
egress.

3. There shall be no specified requirement for heat-
ing capacity or for temperature maintenance.
The use of solid-fuel or solar heating devices
shall be deemed as complying with the require-
ments of Chapter 3. If nonrenewable fuel is used
in these dwellings, rooms so heated shall meet
current installation standards.

4. Pier foundations, stone masonry footings and
foundations, pressure-treated lumber, poles or
equivalent foundation materials or designs may
be used provided that bearing is sufficient.

5. Owner-produced or used materials and appli-
ances may be utilized unless found not to be of
sufficient strength or durability to perform the
intended function. Owner-produced or used lum-
ber, or shakes and shingles may be utilized unless
found to contain dry rot, excessive splitting or
other defects obviously rendering the material
unfit in strength or durability for the intended
purpose.

R301.1.2 Construction systems. The requirements of this
code are based on platform and balloon-frame construc-
tion for light-frame buildings. The requirements for con-
crete and masonry buildings are based on a balloon
framing system. Other framing systems must have equiva-
lent detailing to ensure force transfer, continuity and com-
patible deformations.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R301.1.3 Engineered design. Where a building of other-
wise conventional construction contains structural ele-
ments exceeding the limits of Section R301 or otherwise
not conforming to this code, these elements shall be
designed in accordance with accepted engineering prac-
tice. The extent of such design need only demonstrate
compliance of nonconventional elements with other appli-
cable provisions and shall be compatible with the perfor-
mance of the conventional framed system. Engineered
design in accordance with the California Building Code is
permitted for buildings and structures, and parts thereof,
included in the scope of this code.

R301. 1.3.1 California licensed architect or engineer.

When any portion of any structure deviates from sub-
stantial compliance with conventional framing require-
ments for woodframe construction found in this code,
the building official shall require the construction doc-
uments to be approved and stamped by a California
licensed architect or engineer for that irregular or non-
conforming portion of work. Notwithstanding other
sections of law, the law establishing these provisions is
found in Business and Professions Code Sections 5537
and 6737.1.

R301. 1.3.2 Woodframe structures greater than two-
stories. The building official shall require construction
documents to be approved and stamped by a California
licensed architect or engineer for all dwellings of
woodframe construction more than two stories and
basement in height. Notwithstanding other sections of
law, the law establishing these provisions is found in
Business and Professions Code Sections 5537 and
6737.1.

R301. 1.3.3 Structures other than woodframe. The

building official shall require floor, wall or roof-ceiling
structural elements in dwellings designed of cold-
formed steel, concrete, masonry or structural insulated
panels prescribed by this code to be approved and
stamped by a California licensed architect or engineer.
Notwithstanding other sections of law, the law estab-
lishing these provisions is found in Business and Pro-
fessions Code Sections 5537 and 6737.1.

R301.2 Climatic and geographic design criteria. Buildings
shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of this
code as limited by the provisions of this section. Additional
criteria shall be established by the local jurisdiction and set
forth in Table R301.2(l).

TABLE R301.2(1)

CLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DESIGN CRITERIA

GROUND

SNOW

LOAD

WIND DESIGN

SEISMIC

DESIGN

CATEGORY*

SUBJECT TO DAMAGE FROM

WINTER

DESIGN

TEMP"

ICE BARRIER
UNDERLAYMENT
REQUIRED**

FLOOD

HAZARDS^

AIR

FREEZING

INDEX*

MEAN

ANNUAL

TEMP'

Speed‘s

(mph)

Topographic

effects'^

Special

wind

region'

Wind-

borne

debris

zone""

Weathering^

Frost

line

depth**

Termite‘s

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

a. Weathering may require a higher strength concrete or grade of masonry than necessary to satisfy the structural requirements of this code. The weathering
column shall be filled in with the weathering index, “negligible,” “moderate” or “severe” for concrete as determined from Figure R301.2(3). The grade of
masonry units shall be determined from ASTM C34, C55, C62, C73, C90, C129, C145, C216 or C652.

b. The frost line depth may require deeper footings than indicated in Figure R403.1(l). The jurisdiction shall fill in the frost line depth column with the
minimum depth of footing below finish grade.

c. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table to indicate the need for protection depending on whether there has been a history of local subterranean termite
damage.

d. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the wind speed from the basic wind speed map [Figure R301.2(4)A]. Wind exposure category shall be
determined on a site-specific basis in accordance with Section R301.2.1.4.

e. Temperatures shall be permitted to reflect local climates or local weather experience as determined by the building official.

f. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the seismic design category determined from Section R301.2.2.1.

g. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with (a) the date of the jurisdiction’ s entry into the National Flood Insurance Program (date of adoption of the
first code or ordinance for management of flood hazard areas), (b) the date(s) of the Flood Insurance Study and (c) the panel numbers and dates of the
currently effective FIRMs and FBFMs or other flood hazard map adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, as amended.

h. In accordance with Sections R905.1.2, R905.4.3.1, R905.5.3.1, R905.6.3.1, R905.7.3.1 and R905.8.3.1, where there has been a history of local damage from
the effects of ice damming, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with “YES.” Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with “NO.”

i. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the 100-year return period air freezing index (BF-days) from Figure R403.3(2) or from the 100-year (99
percent) value on the National Climatic Data Center data table “Air Freezing Index-USA Method (Base 32°F).”

j. The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with the mean annual temperature from the National Climatic Data Center data table “Air Freezing Index-
USA Method (Base 32"F).”

k. In accordance with Section R301.2.1.5, where there is local historical data documenting structural damage to buildings due to topographic wind speed-up
effects, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table with “YES.” Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall indicate “NO” in this part of the table.

l. In accordance with Figure R301.2(4)A, where there is local historical data documenting unusual wind conditions, the jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the
table with “YES” and identify any specific requirements. Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall indicate “NO” in this part of the table.

m. In accordance with Section R301.2.1.2.1, the jurisdiction shall indicate the wind-borne debris wind zone(s). Otherwise, the jurisdiction shall indicate “NO” in
this part of the table.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R301.2(2)

COMPONENT AND CLADDING LOADS FOR A BUILDING WITH A MEAN
ROOF HEIGHT OF 30 FEET LOCATED IN EXPOSURE B (ASD) (psff ^

ZONE

EFFECTIVE
WIND AREA
(feet^)

ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED, Vr(mph)

110

115

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

Roof 0 to 7 degrees

10.0

- 13.0

10.0

- 14.0

10.0

- 15.0

10.0

- 18.0

10.0

- 21.0

9.9

- 24.0

11.2

- 27.0

12.6

- 31.0

14.2

- 35.0

10.0

- 12.0

10.0

- 13.0

10.0

- 15.0

10.0

- 17.0

10.0

- 20.0

9.2

- 23.0

10.6

- 26.0

11.9

- 30.0

13.3

- 34.1

10.0

- 12.0

10.0

- 13.0

10.0

- 14.0

10.0

- 17.0

10.0

- 19.0

8.5

- 22.0

10.0

- 26.0

10.8

- 29.0

12.2

- 32.9

100

10.0

- 11.0

10.0

- 13.0

10.0

- 14.0

10.0

- 16.0

10.0

- 19.0

7.8

- 22.0

10.0

- 25.0

10.0

- 28.0

11.3

- 32.0

10.0

- 21.0

10.0

- 23.0

10.0

- 26.0

10.0

- 30.0

10.0

- 35.0

9.9

- 40.0

11.2

- 46.0

12.6

- 52.0

14.2

- 58.7

10.0

- 19.0

10.0

- 21.0

10.0

- 23.0

10.0

- 27.0

10.0

- 31.0

9.2

- 36.0

10.6

- 41.0

11.9

- 46.0

13.3

- 52.4

10.0

- 16.0

10.0

- 18.0

10.0

- 19.0

10.0

- 23.0

10.0

- 26.0

8.5

- 30.0

10.0

- 34.0

10.8

- 39.0

12.2

- 44.1

100

10.0

- 14.0

10.0

- 15.0

10.0

- 16.0

10.0

- 19.0

10.0

- 22.0

7.8

- 26.0

10.0

- 30.0

10.0

- 33.0

11.3

- 37.9

10.0

- 33.0

10.0

- 36.0

10.0

- 39.0

10.0

- 46.0

10.0

- 53.0

9.9

- 61.0

11.2

- 69.0

12.6

- 78.0

14.2

- 88.3

10.0

- 27.0

10.0

- 29.0

10.0

- 32.0

10.0

- 38.0

10.0

- 44.0

9.2

- 50.0

10.6

- 57.0

11.9

- 65.0

13.3

- 73.1

10.0

- 19.0

10.0

- 21.0

10.0

- 23.0

10.0

- 27.0

10.0

- 32.0

8.5

- 36.0

10.0

- 41.0

10.8

- 47.0

12.2

- 53.1

100

10.0

- 14.0

10.0

- 15.0

10.0

- 16.0

10.0

- 19.0

10.0

- 22.0

7.8

- 26.0

10.0

- 30.0

10.0

- 33.0

11.3

- 37.9

Roof > 7 to 27 degrees

10.0

- 11.0

10.0

- 13.0

10.0

- 14.0

10.5

- 16.0

12.2

- 19.0

14.0

- 22.0

15.9

- 25.0

17.9

- 28.0

20.2

- 32.0

10.0

- 11.0

10.0

- 12.0

10.0

- 13.0

10.0

- 16.0

11.1

- 18.0

12.8

- 21.0

14.5

- 24.0

16.4

- 27.0

18.4

- 31.1

10.0

- 11.0

10.0

- 12.0

10.0

- 13.0

10.0

- 15.0

10.0

- 18.0

11.1

- 20.0

12.7

- 23.0

14.3

- 26.0

16.0

- 29.9

100

10.0

- 10.0

10.0

- 11.0

10.0

- 12.0

10.0

- 15.0

10.0

- 17.0

9.9

- 20.0

11.2

- 22.0

12.6

- 25.0

14.2

- 29.0

10.0

- 20.0

10.0

- 22.0

10.0

- 24.0

10.5

- 29.0

12.2

- 33.0

14.0

- 38.0

15.9

- 44.0

17.9

- 49.0

20.2

- 55.8

10.0

- 19.0

10.0

- 20.0

10.0

- 22.0

10.0

- 26.0

11.1

- 31.0

12.8

- 35.0

14.5

- 40.0

16.4

- 45.0

18.4

- 51.2

10.0

- 16.0

10.0

- 18.0

10.0

- 20.0

10.0

- 23.0

10.0

- 27.0

11.1

- 31.0

12.7

- 35.0

14.3

- 40.0

16.0

- 45.4

100

10.0

- 15.0

10.0

- 16.0

10.0

- 18.0

10.0

- 21.0

10.0

- 24.0

9.9

- 28.0

11.2

- 32.0

12.6

- 36.0

14.2

- 40.9

10.0

- 30.0

10.0

- 33.0

10.0

- 36.0

10.5

- 43.0

12.2

- 49.0

14.0

- 57.0

15.9

- 65.0

17.9

- 73.0

20.2

- 82.4

10.0

- 28.0

10.0

- 31.0

10.0

- 34.0

10.0

- 40.0

11.1

- 46.0

12.8

- 53.0

14.5

- 60.0

16.4

- 68.0

18.4

- 77.0

10.0

- 26.0

10.0

- 28.0

10.0

- 31.0

10.0

- 36.0

10.0

- 42.0

11.1

- 48.0

12.7

- 55.0

14.3

- 62.0

16.0

- 69.9

100

10.0

- 24.0

10.0

- 26.0

10.0

- 28.0

10.0

- 33.0

10.0

- 39.0

9.9

- 44.0

11.2

- 51.0

12.6

- 57.0

14.2

- 64.6

Roof > 27 to 45 degrees

11.9

- 13.0

13.1

- 14.0

14.2

- 15.0

16.7

- 18.0

19.4

- 21.0

22.2

- 24.0

25.3

- 27.0

28.5

- 31.0

32.0

- 35.0

11.6

- 12.0

12.7

- 13.0

13.8

- 14.0

16.2

- 17.0

18.8

- 20.0

21.6

- 23.0

24.6

- 26.0

27.7

- 29.0

31.1

- 33.2

11.2

- 11.0

12.2

- 12.0

13.3

- 13.0

15.6

- 16.0

18.1

- 18.0

20.8

- 21.0

23.6

- 24.0

26.7

- 27.0

29.9

- 30.8

100

10.9

- 10.0

11.9

- 11.0

12.9

- 12.0

15.1

- 15.0

17.6

- 17.0

20.2

- 20.0

22.9

- 22.0

25.9

- 25.0

29.0

- 29.0

11.9

- 15.0

13.1

- 16.0

14.2

- 18.0

16.7

- 21.0

19.4

- 24.0

22.2

- 28.0

25.3

- 32.0

28.5

- 36.0

32.0

- 40.9

11.6

- 14.0

12.7

- 16.0

13.8

- 17.0

16.2

- 20.0

18.8

- 23.0

21.6

- 27.0

24.6

- 30.0

27.7

- 34.0

31.1

- 39.1

11.2

- 13.0

12.2

- 15.0

13.3

- 16.0

15.6

- 19.0

18.1

- 22.0

20.8

- 25.0

23.6

- 29.0

26.7

- 32.0

29.9

- 36.8

100

10.9

- 13.0

11.9

- 14.0

12.9

- 15.0

15.1

- 18.0

17.6

- 21.0

20.2

- 24.0

22.9

- 27.0

25.9

- 31.0

29.0

- 35.0

11.9

- 15.0

13.1

- 16.0

14.2

- 18.0

16.7

- 21.0

19.4

- 24.0

22.2

- 28.0

25.3

- 32.0

28.5

- 36.0

32.0

- 40.9

11.6

- 14.0

12.7

- 16.0

13.8

- 17.0

16.2

- 20.0

18.8

- 23.0

21.6

- 27.0

24.6

- 30.0

27.7

- 34.0

31.1

- 39.1

11.2

- 13.0

12.2

- 15.0

13.3

- 16.0

15.6

- 19.0

18.1

- 22.0

20.8

- 25.0

23.6

- 29.0

26.7

- 32.0

29.9

- 36.8

100

10.9

- 13.0

11.9

- 14.0

12.9

- 15.0

15.1

- 18.0

17.6

- 21.0

20.2

- 24.0

22.9

- 27.0

25.9

- 31.0

29.0

- 35.0

Wall

13.1

- 14.0

14.3

- 15.0

15.5

- 16.0

18.2

- 19.0

21.2

- 22.0

24.3

- 26.0

27.7

- 30.0

31.2

- 33.0

35.0

- 37.9

12.5

- 13.0

13.6

- 14.0

14.8

- 16.0

17.4

- 19.0

20.2

- 22.0

23.2

- 25.0

26.4

- 28.0

29.7

- 32.0

33.4

- 36.4

11.7

- 12.0

12.8

- 14.0

13.9

- 15.0

16.3

- 17.0

19.0

- 20.0

21.7

- 23.0

24.7

- 27.0

27.9

- 30.0

31.3

- 34.3

100

11.1

- 12.0

12.1

- 13.0

13.2

- 14.0

15.5

- 17.0

18.0

- 19.0

20.6

- 22.0

23.5

- 25.0

26.5

- 29.0

29.8

32.7

500

10.0

- 10.0

10.6

- 11.0

11.6

- 12.0

13.6

- 15.0

15.8

- 17.0

18.1

- 20.0

20.6

- 22.0

23.2

- 25.0

26.1

- 29.0

13.1

- 17.0

14.3

- 19.0

15.5

- 20.0

18.2

- 24.0

21.2

- 28.0

24.3

- 32.0

27.7

- 37.0

31.2

- 41.0

35.0

- 46.8

12.5

- 16.0

13.6

- 17.0

14.8

- 19.0

17.4

- 22.0

20.2

- 26.0

23.2

- 30.0

26.4

- 34.0

29.7

- 39.0

33.4

- 43.7

11.7

- 14.0

12.8

- 16.0

13.9

- 17.0

16.3

- 20.0

19.0

- 23.0

21.7

- 27.0

24.7

- 31.0

27.9

- 35.0

31.3

- 39.5

100

11.1

- 13.0

12.1

- 14.0

13.2

- 16.0

15.5

- 19.0

18.0

- 22.0

20.6

- 25.0

23.5

- 28.0

26.5

- 32.0

29.8

- 36.4

500

10.0

- 10.0

10.6

- 11.0

11.6

- 12.0

13.6

- 15.0

15.8

- 17.0

18.1

- 20.0

20.6

- 22.0

23.2

- 25.0

26.1

- 29.0

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. The effective wind area shall be equal to the span length multiplied by an effective width. This width shall be permitted to be not less than one-third the span

length. For cladding fasteners, the effective wind area shall not be greater than the area that is tributary to an individual fastener.

b. For effective areas between those given, the load shall be interpolated or the load associated with the lower effective area shall be used.

c. Table values shall be adjusted for height and exposure by multiplying by the adjustment coefficient in Table R301.2(3).

d. See Figure R301.2(7) for location of zones.

e. Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the building surfaces.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

DESIGN TEMPERATURES IN THIS AREA MUST BE BASED ON
ANALYSIS OF LOCAL CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY

For SI: °C = [fF)-32]/1.8.

FIGURE R301.2(1)

ISOLINES OF THE PERCENT WINTER (DECEMBER, JANUARY AND FEBRUARY) DESIGN TEMPERATURES (°F)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Building Seismic Safety Council, 2009, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for
New Buildings and Other Souctures; FEMA P750/2009 Edition, Federal Emergency Management

BUILDING PLANNING

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FIGURE R301.2(2) — continued
SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES— SITE CLASS D

BUILDING PLANNING

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FIGURE R301. 2(2)— continued
SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES— SITE CLASS D

BUILDING PLANNING

REFERENCES

Building Seismic Safely Council, 2009, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for
New Buildings and Other Structures: FEMAP75CV2009 Edition, Fedeial Emergency Management
Agency, Washii^ton, DC.

Huai^ Yin-Nan, Whittaker, AS., and Luco, Nicolas, 2008, Maximum spectral demands in the near-feult
regbn,EaithquakeSpectia Volume 24, Issue l,pp. 319-341.

Luco, Nicolas, Ellingwood, B.R., Hamburger, R.O., Hooper, J.D., Kimball, I.K, and Kiicher, C. A, 2007,
Risk-Targeted versus Current Seismic Design Maps for the Conterminous United States, Structural
Engineeis Association of California 2007 Convention Ffoceedings, pp. 1 63-1 75.

Pfetersen, M.D., Ftankel, AD., Harmsen, S.C., Mueller, CS., Haller, KM, Wheeler, R.L, Wesson, RL,
Zeng Yuehua, Boyd, O.S., Peridns, DM, Luco, Nicolas, Reid, EH, Wills, C.J., and
Rukstales, KS,, 20CB, Documentation for the 2008 Update of the United States National Seismic
Hazard Maps; US, Geological Survey Open-Rle Report 2008-1 1 28, 61 p

Map prepared by US. Geological Survey in collaboration with the Federal Emeigency Management
AgeiKy (FEMA)-ftinded Building Seismic Safety Council’ s (BSSC) Code Resource Support
Committee (CRSC).

100°

95°

FIGURE R301. 2(2)— continued
SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES— SITE CLASS D

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

3. Islands and coastal areas outside the last contour shall use the last wind speed contour of the coastal area.

4. Mountainous terrain, gorges, ocean promontories, and special wind regions shall be examined for unusual wind conditions.

5. Wind speeds correspond to approximately a 7% probability of exceedance in 50 years (Annual Exceedance Probability = 0.00143, MRI = 700 Years).

Wind Design Required

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

(2<!P)

k20

poo)

( 100 )

(300)

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 mile = 1.61 km.

a. In CS areas, site-specific Case Studies are required to establish ground snow loads. Extreme local
variations in ground snow loads in these areas preclude mapping at this scale.

b. Numbers in parentheses represent the upper elevation limits in feet for the ground snow load values
presented below. Site-specific case studies are required to establish ground snow loads at elevations
not covered.

FIGURE R301 .2(5)

GROUND SNOW LOADS, Pg, FOR THE UNITED STATES (Ib/ft^)

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FIGURE R301.2(6)

TERMITE INFESTATION PROBABILITY MAP

BUILDING PLANNING

7” < 6 < 45° HIP ROOFS

7° < 0 < 27°

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.0175 rad.

Note: a = 4 feet in all cases.

FIGURE R301 .2(7)

COMPONENT AND CLADDING PRESSURE ZONES

R301.2.1 Wind design criteria. Buildings and portions
thereof shall be constructed in accordance with the wind
provisions of this code using the ultimate design wind
speed in Table R301.2(l) as determined from Figure
R301.2(4)A. The structural provisions of this code for
wind loads are not permitted where wind design is required
as specified in Section R301.2.1.1. Where different con-
struction methods and structural materials are used for var-
ious portions of a building, the applicable requirements of
this section for each portion shall apply. Where not other-
wise specified, the wind loads listed in Table R301.2(2)
adjusted for height and exposure using Table R301.2(3)
shall be used to determine design load performance require-
ments for wall coverings, curtain walls, roof coverings,
exterior windows, skylights, garage doors and exterior
doors. Asphalt shingles shall be designed for wind speeds
in accordance with Section R905.2.4. A continuous load
path shall be provided to transmit the applicable uplift
forces in Section R802.1 1.1 from the roof assembly to the
foundation.

R301.2.1.1 Wind limitations and wind design
required. The wind provisions of this code shall not
apply to the design of buildings where wind design is
required in accordance with Figure R301.2(4)B.

Exceptions:

1 . For concrete construction, the wind provisions
of this code shall apply in accordance with the
limitations of Sections R404 and R608.

2. For structural insulated panels, the wind provi-
sions of this code shall apply in accordance
with the limitations of Section R610.

3. For cold-formed steel light-frame construc-
tion, the wind provisions of this code shall
apply in accordance with the limitations of
Sections R505, R603 and R804.

In regions where wind design is required in accor-
dance with Figure R301.2(4)B, the design of buildings |
for wind loads shall be in accordance with one or more
of the following methods:

1. AF&PA Wood Frame Construction Manual
(WFCM).

2. ICC Standard for Residential Construction in
High-Wind Regions (ICC 600).

3. ASCE Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
Other Structures (ASCE 7).

4. AISI Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing —
Prescriptive Method For One- and Two-Family
Dwellings (AISI S230).

5. California Building Code.

The elements of design not addressed by the meth-
ods in Items I through 5 shall be in accordance with the
provisions of this code.

Where ASCE 7 or the California Building Code is
used for the design of the building, the wind speed map
and exposure category requirements as specified in
ASCE 7 and the California Building Code shall be
used.

R301.2.1.1.1 Sunrooms. Sunrooms shall comply

with AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100. Eor the purpose of

applying the criteria of AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

based on the intended use, sunrooms shall be identi-
fied as one of the following categories by the permit
applicant, design professional or the property owner
or owner’s agent in the construction documents.
Component and cladding pressures shall be used for
the design of elements that do not qualify as main
windforce-resisting systems. Main windforce-resist-
ing system pressures shall be used for the design of
elements assigned to provide support and stability
for the overall sunroom.

Category I: A thermally isolated sunroom with
walls that are open or enclosed with insect screen-
ing or 0.5 mm (20 mil) maximum thickness plastic
film. The space is nonhabitable and unconditioned.

Category II: A thermally isolated sunroom with
enclosed walls. The openings are enclosed with
translucent or transparent plastic or glass. The
space is nonhabitable and unconditioned.

Category III: A thermally isolated sunroom with
enclosed walls. The openings are enclosed with
translucent or transparent plastic or glass. The
sunroom fenestration complies with additional
requirements for air infiltration resistance and
water penetration resistance. The space is non-
habitable and unconditioned.

Category IV : A thermally isolated sunroom with
enclosed walls. The sunroom is designed to be
heated or cooled by a separate temperature con-
trol or system and is thermally isolated from the
primary structure. The sunroom fenestration
complies with additional requirements for water
penetration resistance, air infiltration resistance
and thermal performance. The space is nonhabit-
able and conditioned.

Category V: A sunroom with enclosed walls.
The sunroom is designed to be heated or cooled
and is open to the main structure. The sunroom
fenestration complies with additional require-
ments for water penetration resistance, air infil-
tration resistance and thermal performance. The
space is habitable and conditioned.

R301.2.I.2 Protection of openings. Exterior glazing in
buildings located in windborne debris regions shall be
protected from windborne debris. Glazed opening pro-
tection for windborne debris shall meet the requirements
of the Large Missile Test of ASTM E1996 and ASTM
E1886 as modified in Section 301.2.1.2.1. Garage door
glazed opening protection for windborne debris shall
meet the requirements of an approved impact-resisting
standard or ANSI/D ASM A 115.

Exception: Wood structural panels with a thickness
of not less than inch (11 mm) and a span of not
more than 8 feet (2438 mm) shall be permitted for
opening protection. Panels shall be precut and
attached to the framing surrounding the opening
containing the product with the glazed opening. Pan-

els shall be predrilled as required for the anchorage
method and shall be secured with the attachment
hardware provided. Attachments shall be designed
to resist the component and cladding loads deter-
mined in accordance with either Table R30 1.2(2) or
ASCE 7, with the permanent corrosion-resistant
attachment hardware provided and anchors perma-
nently installed on the building. Attachment in
accordance with Table R301.2.1.2 is permitted for
buildings with a mean roof height of 45 feet (13, 728
mm) or less where the ultimate design wind speed,
is 180 mph (290 kph) or less.

TABLE R301.2.1.2

WINDBORNE DEBRIS PROTECTION FASTENING
SCHEDULE FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS"

FASTENER TYPE

FASTENER SPACING (inches)" '’

Panel
span <
4 feet

4 feet <
panelspan
< 6 feet

6 feet <
panel span
< 8 feet

No. 8 wood screw based anchor
with 2-inch embedment length

No. 10 wood screw based anchor
with 2-inch embedment length

'/ 4 -inch lag screw based anchor
with 2-inch embedment length

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 4.448 N,

1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

a. This table is based on 180 mph ultimate design wind speeds, and a 33- |
foot mean roof height.

b. Fasteners shall be installed at opposing ends of the wood structural panel.
Fasteners shall be located not less than 1 inch from the edge of the panel.

c. Anchors shall penetrate through the exterior wall covering with an
embedment length of not less than 2 inches into the building frame.
Fasteners shall be located not less than 2 V 2 inches from the edge of
concrete block or concrete.

d. Panels attached to masonry or masonry/stucco shall be attached using
vibration-resistant anchors having an ultimate withdrawal capacity of not
less than 1,500 pounds.

R301.2.1.2.I Application of ASTM EI996. The

text of Section 2.2 of ASTM El 996 shall be substi-
tuted as follows:

2.2 ASCE Standard:

ASCE 7-10 American Society of Civil Engineers
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures

The text of Section 6.2.2 of ASTM E1996 shall
be substituted as follows:

6.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, select the wind
zone based on the ultimate design wind speed,

as follows:

6.2.2. 1 Wind Zone 1-130 mph < ultimate design
wind speed, < 140 mph.

6. 2. 2. 2 Wind Zone 2-140 mph < ultimate design
wind speed, <150 mph at greater than 1 mile
(1.6 km) from the coastline. The coastline shall be
measured from the mean high water mark.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

6. 2. 2. 3 Wind Zone 3-150 mph (58 m/s) < ulti-
mate design wind speed, V^i, < 170 mph (76 m/s),
or 140 mph (54 m/s) < ultimate design wind
speed, < 170 mph (76 m/s) and within 1 mile
(1.6 km) of the coastline. The coastline shall be
measured from the mean high water mark.

6. 2. 2.4 Wind Zone 4-ultimate design wind speed,
V^i, > 170 mph (76 m/s).

R301.2.1.3 Wind speed conversion. Where referenced
documents are based on nominal design wind speeds
and do not provide the means for conversion between
ultimate design wind speeds and nominal design wind
speeds, the ultimate design wind speeds, of Figure
R301.2(4)A shall be converted to nominal design wind
speeds, using Table R301.2.1.3.

R301.2.1.4 Exposure category. For each wind direc-
tion considered, an exposure category that adequately
reflects the characteristics of ground surface irregulari-
ties shall be determined for the site at which the build-
ing or structure is to be constructed. For a site located
in the transition zone between categories, the category
resulting in the largest wind forces shall apply. Account
shall be taken of variations in ground surface roughness
that arise from natural topography and vegetation as
well as from constructed features. For a site where mul-
tiple detached one- and two-family dwellings, town-
houses or other structures are to be constructed as part
of a subdivision or master-planned community, or are
otherwise designated as a developed area by the author-
ity having jurisdiction, the exposure category for an
individual structure shall be based upon the site condi-
tions that will exist at the time when all adjacent struc-
tures on the site have been constructed, provided that
their construction is expected to begin within one year
of the start of construction for the structure for which
the exposure category is determined. For any given
wind direction, the exposure in which a specific build-
ing or other structure is sited shall be assessed as being
one of the following categories:

1. Exposure B. Urban and suburban areas, wooded
areas or other terrain with numerous closely
spaced obstructions having the size of single-
family dwellings or larger. Exposure B shall be
assumed unless the site meets the definition of
another type exposure.

2. Exposure C. Open terrain with scattered
obstructions, including surface undulations or
other irregularities, having heights generally
less than 30 feet (9144 mm) extending more
than 1,500 feet (457 m) from the building site in
any quadrant. This exposure shall also apply to
any building located within Exposure B type

terrain where the building is directly adjacent to
open areas of Exposure C type terrain in any
quadrant for a distance of more than 600 feet
(183 m). This category includes flat, open coun-
try and grasslands.

3. Exposure D. Flat, unobstructed areas exposed to
wind flowing over open water, smooth mud flats,
salt flats and unbroken ice for a distance of not
less than 5,000 feet (1524 m). This exposure shall
apply only to those buildings and other structures
exposed to the wind coming from over the unob-
structed area. Exposure D extends downwind
from the edge of the unobstructed area a distance
of 600 feet (183 m) or 20 times the height of the
building or structure, whichever is greater.

R301.2.1.5 Topographic wind effects. In areas desig-
nated in Table R301.2(l) as having local historical data
documenting structural damage to buildings caused by
wind speed-up at isolated hills, ridges and escarpments
that are abrupt changes from the general topography of
the area, topographic wind effects shall be considered
in the design of the building in accordance with Section
R301.2.1.5.1 or in accordance with the provisions of
ASCE 7. See Figure R301.2.1.5.1(l) for topographic
features for wind speed-up effect.

In these designated areas, topographic wind effects
shall apply only to buildings sited on the top half of an
isolated hill, ridge or escarpment where all of the fol-
lowing conditions exist:

1 . The average slope of the top half of the hill, ridge
or escarpment is 10 percent or greater.

2. The hill, ridge or escarpment is 60 feet (18 288
mm) or greater in height for Exposure B, 30 feet
(9144 mm) or greater in height for Exposure C,
and 15 feet (4572 mm) or greater in height for
Exposure D.

3. The hill, ridge or escarpment is isolated or unob-
structed by other topographic features of similar
height in the upwind direction for a distance mea-
sured from its high point of 100 times its height
or 2 miles (3.2 km), whichever is less. See Figure
R30 1.2. 1.5. 1(3) for upwind obstruction.

4. The hill, ridge or escarpment protrudes by a fac-
tor of two or more above the height of other
upwind topographic features located in any quad-
rant within a radius of 2 miles (3.2 km) measured
from its high point.

R301.2.1.5.1 Simplified topographic wind speed-
up method. As an alternative to the ASCE 7 topo-
graphic wind provisions, the provisions of Section

R301.2.1.5.1 shall be permitted to be used to design

TABLE R301.2.1.3
WIND SPEED CONVERSIONS"

K/,

110

115

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

101

108

116

124

132

139

147

155

For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
a. Linear interpolation is permitted.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R301.2.1.5.1

ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED MODIFICATION FOR TOPOGRAPHIC WIND EFFECT"

ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND
SPEED FROM FIGURE
R301.2(4)A (mph)

AVERAGE SLOPE OF THE TOP HALF OF HILL, RIDGE OR ESCARPMENT (percent)

0.10

0.125

0.15

0.175

0.20

0.23

0.25

Required ultimate design wind speed-up, modified for topographic wind speed-up (mph)

110

132

137

142

147

152

158

162

115

138

143

148

154

159

165

169

120

144

149

155

160

166

172

176

130

156

162

168

174

179

N/A

140

168

174

181

N/A

150

180

N/A

For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Table applies to a feature height of 500 feet or less and dwellings sited a distance equal or greater than half the feature height.

b. Where the ultimate design wind speed as modified by Table R301.2.1.5.1 equals or exceeds 140 miles per hour, the building shall be considered as “wind
design required” in accordance with Section R301.2.1.1.

Note: H/2 determines the measurement point for Lh. L is twice Lh.

FIGURE R301. 2.1. 5.1(1)

TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES FOR WIND SPEED-UP EFFECT

GREATER OF 1.5L OR 6H

APPLY INCREASED < >

H/2

FIGURE R301.2.1.5.1(2)

ILLUSTRATION OF WHERE ON A TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE, WIND SPEED INCREASE IS APPLIED

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

ESCARPMENT

RIDGE OR HILL

for wind speed-up effects, where required by Sec-
tion R301.2.1.5.

Structures located on the top half of isolated
hills, ridges or escarpments meeting the conditions
of Section R301.2.1.5 shall be designed for an
increased basic wind speed as determined by Table
R301.2.1.5.1. On the high side of an escarpment, the
increased basic wind speed shall extend horizontally
downwind from the edge of the escarpment 1.5
times the horizontal length of the upwind slope
(1.5L) or 6 times the height of the escarpment (6H),
whichever is greater. See Figure R30 1.2. 1.5. 1(2) for
where wind speed increase is applied.

R301.2.2 Seismic provisions. The seismic provisions of
this code shall apply as follows:

1. Townhouses in Seismic Design Categories C, D^, Dj
and D 2 .

2. Detached one- and two-family dwellings in Seismic
Design Categories, D^, Dj and Dj.

R301.2.2.1 Determination of seismic design cate-
gory. Buildings shall be assigned a seismic design cate-
gory in accordance with Figure R301.2(2).

R301.2.2.1.1 Alternate determination of seismic
design category. The seismic design categories and
corresponding short-period design spectral response
accelerations, shown in Figure R30 1.2(2) are
based on soil Site Class D, as defined in Section
1613.3.2 of the California Building Code. If soil con-
ditions are other than Site Class D, the short-period
design spectral response accelerations, for a site
can be determined in accordance with Section 1613.3
of the California Building Code. The value of
determined in accordance with Section 1613.3 of the
California Building Code is permitted to be used to
set the seismic design category in accordance with
Table R301.2.2.1.1, and to interpolate between val-
ues in Tables R602.10.3(3), R603.9.2(l) and other
seismic design requirements of this code.

R301.2.2.1.2 Alternative determination of Seis-
mic Design Category E. Buildings located in Seis-
mic Design Category E in accordance with Figure

R30 1.2(2) are permitted to be reclassified as being
in Seismic Design Category Dj provided that one of
the following is done:

1. A more detailed evaluation of the seismic
design category is made in accordance with
the provisions and maps of the California
Building Code. Buildings located in Seismic
Design Category E in accordance with Table
R301.2.2.1.1, but located in Seismic Design
Category D in accordance with the California
Building Code, shall be permitted to be
designed using the Seismic Design Category
Dj requirements of this code.

2. Buildings located in Seismic Design Category
E that conform to the following additional
restrictions are permitted to be constructed in
accordance with the provisions for Seismic
Design Category Dj of this code:

2.1. All exterior shear wall lines or braced
wall panels are in one plane vertically
from the foundation to the uppermost
story.

2.2. Eloors shall not cantilever past the
exterior walls.

2.3. The building is within the requirements
of Section R301.2.2.2.5 for being
considered as regular.

TABLE R301 .2.2.1 .1

SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY DETERMINATION

CALCULATED

SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY

5»<0.17g

0.17g<S,,,<0.33g

0.33g < Sos ^ 0.50g

0.50g < < 0.67g

0.67g<5,,,<0.83g

0.83g<5,,,<1.25g

1.25g<5„,

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R301.2.2.2 Seismic Design Category C. Structures
assigned to Seismic Design Category C shall conform
to the requirements of this section.

R301.2.2.2.1 Weights of materials. Average dead
loads shall not exceed 15 pounds per square foot
(720 Pa) for the combined roof and ceiling assem-
blies (on a horizontal projection) or 10 pounds per
square foot (480 Pa) for floor assemblies, except as
further limited by Section R301.2.2. Dead loads for
walls above grade shall not exceed:

1. Fifteen pounds per square foot (720 Pa) for
exterior light-frame wood walls.

2. Fourteen pounds per square foot (670 Pa) for
exterior light-frame cold-formed steel walls.

3. Ten pounds per square foot (480 Pa) for inte-
rior light-frame wood walls.

4. Five pounds per square foot (240 Pa) for inte-
rior light-frame cold-formed steel walls.

5. Eighty pounds per square foot (3830 Pa) for 8-
inch-thick (203 mm) masonry walls.

6. Eighty-five pounds per square foot (4070 Pa)
for 6-inch-thick (152 mm) concrete walls.

7. Ten pounds per square foot (480 Pa) for SIP
walls.

Exceptions:

1. Roof and ceiling dead loads not exceeding
25 pounds per square foot (1190 Pa) shall be
permitted provided that the wall bracing
amounts in Section R602.10.3 are increased
in accordance with Table R602. 10.3(4).

2. Light-frame walls with stone or masonry
veneer shall be permitted in accordance with
the provisions of Sections R702.1 and R703.

3. Eireplaces and chimneys shall be permitted
in accordance with Chapter 10.

R301.2.2.2.2 Stone and masonry veneer.

Anchored stone and masonry veneer shall comply
with the requirements of Sections R702.1 and R703.

R301.2.2.2.3 Masonry construction. Masonry con-
struction shall comply with the requirements of Sec-
tion R606.12.

R301.2.2.2.4 Concrete construction. Detached
one- and two-family dwellings with exterior above-
grade concrete walls shall comply with the require-
ments of Section R608, PCA 100 or shall be
designed in accordance with ACI 318. Townhouses
with above-grade exterior concrete walls shall com-
ply with the requirements of PCA 100 or shall be
designed in accordance with ACI 318.

R301.2.2.2.5 Irregular buildings. The seismic pro-
visions of this code shall not be used for irregular
structures located in Seismic Design Categories C,
Dq, Dj and Dj. Irregular portions of stractures shall be
designed in accordance with accepted engineering

practice to the extent the irregular features affect the
performance of the remaining stractural system.
Where the forces associated with the irregularity are
resisted by a structural system designed in accordance
with accepted engineering practice, design of the
remainder of the building shall be permitted using the
provisions of this code. A building or portion of a
building shall be considered to be irregular where one
or more of the following conditions occur:

1 . Where exterior shear wall lines or braced wall
panels are not in one plane vertically from the
foundation to the uppermost story in which
they are required.

Exception: For wood light-frame construc-
tion, floors with cantilevers or setbacks not
exceeding four times the nominal depth of
the wood floor joists are permitted to sup-
port braced wall panels that are out of plane
with braced wall panels below provided
that:

1 . Floor joists are nominal 2 inches by
10 inches (51 mm by 254 mm) or
larger and spaced not more than 16
inches (406 mm) on center.

2. The ratio of the back span to the
cantilever is not less than 2 to 1 .

3. Floor joists at ends of braced wall
panels are doubled.

4. For wood-frame construction, a con-
tinuous rim joist is connected to ends
of cantilever joists. When spliced, the
rim joists shall be spliced using a gal-
vanized metal tie not less than 0.058
inch (1.5 mm) (16 gage) and IV 2
inches (38 mm) wide fastened with
six 16d nails on each side of the splice
or a block of the same size as the rim
joist of sufficient length to fit securely
between the joist space at which the
splice occurs fastened with eight 16d
nails on each side of the splice; and

5. Gravity loads carried at the end of
cantilevered joists are limited to
uniform wall and roof loads and the
reactions from headers having a span
of 8 feet (2438 mm) or less.

2. Where a section of floor or roof is not laterally
supported by shear walls or braced wall lines
on all edges.

Exception: Portions of floors that do not
support shear walls or braced wall panels
above, or roofs, shall be permitted to
extend not more than 6 feet (1829 mm)
beyond a shear wall or braced wall line.

3. Where the end of a braced wall panel occurs
over an opening in the wall below and ends at
a horizontal distance greater than 1 foot (305

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

mm) from the edge of the opening. This provi-
sion is applicable to shear walls and braced
wall panels offset in plane and to braced wall
panels offset out of plane as permitted by the
exception to Item 1 .

Exception: For wood light-frame wall con-
struction, one end of a braced wall panel
shall be permitted to extend more than 1
foot (305 mm) over an opening not more
than 8 feet (2438 mm) in width in the wall
below provided that the opening includes a
header in accordance with the following:

1 . The building width, loading condition
and framing member species limita-
tions of Table R602.7(l) shall apply;
and

2. Not less than one 2 x 12 or two 2 x
10 for an opening not more than 4
feet (1219 mm) wide; or

3. Not less than two 2 x 12 or three 2 x
10 for an opening not more than 6
feet (1829 mm) in width; or

4. Not less than three 2 x 12 or four 2 x
10 for an opening not more than 8
feet (2438 mm) in width; and

5. The entire length of the braced wall
panel does not occur over an opening
in the wall below.

4. Where an opening in a floor or roof exceeds
the lesser of 12 feet (3658 mm) or 50 percent
of the least floor or roof dimension.

5. Where portions of a floor level are vertically
offset.

Exceptions:

1. Framing supported directly by
continuous foundations at the
perimeter of the building.

2. For wood light-frame construction,
floors shall be permitted to be
vertically offset when the floor
framing is lapped or tied together as
required by Section R502.6.1.

6. Where shear walls and braced wall lines do
not occur in two perpendicular directions.

7. Where stories above grade plane partially or
completely braced by wood wall framing in
accordance with Section R602 or cold-formed
steel wall framing in accordance with Section
R603 include masonry or concrete construc-
tion. Where this irregularity applies, the entire
story shall be designed in accordance with
accepted engineering practice.

Exception: Fireplaces, chimneys and

masonry veneer as permitted by this code.

R301.2.2.3 Seismic Design Categories D„, Dj and Dj.

Structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories Dg,

Dj and Dj shall conform to the requirements for Seis-
mic Design Category C and the additional requirements
of this section.

R301.2.2.3.1 Height limitations. Wood-framed
buildings shall be limited to three stories above
grade plane or the limits given in Table
R602. 10.3(3). Cold-formed, steel-framed buildings
shall be limited to less than or equal to three stories
above grade plane in accordance with AISl S230.
Mezzanines as defined in Section R202 that comply
with Section R325 shall not be considered as stories.
Structural insulated panel buildings shall be limited
to two stories above grade plane.

R301.2.2.3.2 Stone and masonry veneer.

Anchored stone and masonry veneer shall comply
with the requirements of Sections R702.1 and R703.

R301.2.2.3.3 Masonry construction. Masonry con-
struction in Seismic Design Categories Dg and Dj
shall comply with the requirements of Section
R606.12.1. Masonry construction in Seismic Design
Category Dj shall comply with the requirements of
Section R606.12.4.

R301.2.2.3.4 Concrete construction. Buildings
with exterior above-grade concrete walls shall com-
ply with PC A 100 or shall be designed in accor-
dance with ACI 318.

R301.2.2.3.5 Cold-formed steel framing in Seis-
mic Design Categories Dg, Dj and Dj. In Seismic
Design Categories Dg, Dj and Dj in addition to the
requirements of this code, cold-formed steel framing
shall comply with the requirements of AISI S230.

R301.2.2.3.6 Masonry chimneys. Masonry chim-
neys shall be reinforced and anchored to the build-
ing in accordance with Sections R 1003. 3 and
R1003.4.

R301.2.2.3.7 Anchorage of water heaters. Water
heaters shall be anchored against movement and over-
turning in accordance with the California Plumbing
Code.

R301.2.2.4 Seismic Design Category E. Buildings in
Seismic Design Category E shall be designed to resist
seismic loads in accordance with the California Build-
ing Code, except where the seismic design category is
reclassified to a lower seismic design category in accor-
dance with Section R301.2.2.1. Components of build-
ings not required to be designed to resist seismic loads
shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions
of this code.

R301.2.3 Snow loads. Wood-framed construction, cold-
formed, steel-framed construction and masonry and con-
crete construction, and structural insulated panel construc-
tion in regions with ground snow loads 70 pounds per
square foot (3.35 kPa) or less, shall be in accordance with
Chapters 5, 6 and 8. Buildings in regions with ground
snow loads greater than 70 pounds per square foot (3.35
kPa) shall be designed in accordance with accepted engi-
neering practice.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R301.2.4 Floodplain construction. Buildings and struc-
tures constructed in whole or in part in flood hazard areas
(including A or V Zones) as established in Table
R301.2(l), and substantial improvement and restoration of
substantial damage of buildings and structures in flood
hazard areas, shall be designed and constructed in accor-
dance with Section R322. Buildings and structures that are
located in more than one flood hazard area shall comply
with the provisions associated with the most restrictive
flood hazard area. Buildings and structures located in
whole or in part in identified floodways shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with ASCE 24.

R301.2.4.1 Alternative provisions. As an alternative
to the requirements in Section R322, ASCE 24 is per-
mitted subject to the limitations of this code and the
limitations therein.

R301.3 Story height. The wind and seismic provisions of
this code shall apply to buildings with story heights not
exceeding the following:

1. Eor wood wall framing, the story height shall not
exceed 11 feet 7 inches (3531 mm) and the laterally
unsupported bearing wall stud height permitted by
Table R602.3(5).

2. Eor cold-formed steel wall framing, the story height
shall be not more than 1 1 feet 7 inches (3531 mm) and
the unsupported bearing wall stud height shall be not
more than 10 feet (3048 mm).

3. Eor masonry walls, the story height shall be not more
than 13 feet 7 inches (4140 mm) and the bearing wall
clear height shall be not greater than 12 feet (3658 mm).

Exception: An additional 8 feet (2438 mm) of bear-
ing wall clear height is permitted for gable end walls.

4. For insulating concrete form walls, the maximum story
height shall not exceed 1 1 feet 7 inches (3531 mm) and
the maximum unsupported wall height per story as per-
mitted by Section R608 tables shall not exceed 10 feet
(3048 mm).

5. For structural insulated panel (SIP) walls, the story
height shall be not greater than 11 feet 7 inches (3531
mm) and the bearing wall height per story as permitted
by Section R610 tables shall not exceed 10 feet (3048
mm).

Individual walls or wall studs shall be permitted to exceed
these limits as permitted by Chapter 6 provisions, provided
that story heights are not exceeded. An engineered design
shall be provided for the wall or wall framing members where
the limits of Chapter 6 are exceeded. Where the story height
limits of this section are exceeded, the design of the building,
or the noncompliant portions thereof, to resist wind and seis-
mic loads shall be in accordance with the California Building
Code.

R301.4 Dead load. The actual weights of materials and con-
struction shall be used for determining dead load with consid-
eration for the dead load of fixed service equipment.

R301.5 Live load. The minimum uniformly distributed live
load shall be as provided in Table R301.5.

TABLE R301.5

MINIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LIVE LOADS
(in pounds per square foot)

USE

LIVE LOAD

Uninhabitable attics without storage'’

Uninhabitable attics with limited storage'’’ ®

Habitable attics and attics served with fixed stairs

Balconies (exterior) and decks”

Fire escapes

Guards and handrails'*

200”

Guard in-fill components^

50”

Passenger vehicle garages”

50”

Rooms other than sleeping rooms

Sleeping rooms

Stairs

40”

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 square inch = 645 mm^,

1 pound = 4.45 N.

a. Elevated garage floors shall be capable of supporting a 2,000-pound load
applied over a 20-square-inch area.

b. Uninhabitable attics without storage are those where the clear height
between joists and rafters is not more than 42 inches, or where there are
not two or more adjacent trusses with web configurations capable of
accommodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches in height by 24 inches in
width, or greater, within the plane of the trusses. This live load need not be
assumed to act concurrently with any other live load requirements.

c. Individual stair treads shall be designed for the uniformly distributed live
load or a 300-pound concentrated load acting over an area of 4 square
inches, whichever produces the greater stresses.

d. A single concentrated load applied in any direction at any point along the
top.

e. See Section R507.1 for decks attached to exterior walls.

f. Guard in-fill components (all those except the handrail), balusters and
panel fillers shall be designed to withstand a horizontally applied normal
load of 50 pounds on an area equal to 1 square foot. This load need not be
assumed to act concurrently with any other live load requirement.

g. Uninhabitable attics with limited storage are those where the clear height
between joists and rafters is not greater than 42 inches, or where there are
two or more adjacent trusses with web configurations capable of
accommodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches in height by 24 inches in
width, or greater, within the plane of the trusses.

The live load need only be applied to those portions of the joists or truss
bottom chords where all of the following conditions are met:

1 . The attic area is accessible from an opening not less than 20 inches in
width by 30 inches in length that is located where the clear height in
the attic is not less than 30 inches.

2. The slopes of the joists or truss bottom chords are not greater than 2
inches vertical to 12 units horizontal.

3. Required insulation depth is less than the joist or truss bottom chord
member depth.

The remaining portions of the joists or truss bottom chords shall be
designed for a uniformly distributed concurrent live load of not less than
10 pounds per square foot.

h. Glazing used in handrail assemblies and guards shall be designed with a
safety factor of 4. The safety factor shall be applied to each of the
concentrated loads applied to the top of the rail, and to the load on the in-
fill components. These loads shall be determined independent of one
another, and loads are assumed not to occur with any other live load.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R301.6 Roof load. The roof shall be designed for the live
load indicated in Table R301.6 or the snow load indicated in
Table R301.2(l), whichever is greater.

R301.7 Deflection. The allowable deflection of any struc-
tural member under the live load listed in Sections R301.5
and R301.6 or wind loads determined by Section R301.2.1
shall not exceed the values in Table R301.7.

R301.8 Nominal sizes. For the purposes of this code, dimen-
sions of lumber specified shall be deemed to be nominal dimen-
sions unless specifically designated as actual dimensions.

SECTION R302

FIRE-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION

R302.1 Exterior walls. Construction, projections, openings
and penetrations of exterior walls of dwellings and accessory
buildings shall comply with Table R302.1(l); or dwellings
and accessory buildings equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section
R313 shall comply with Table R302.1(2).

Exceptions:

1. Walls, projections, openings or penetrations in walls
perpendicular to the line used to determine the fire
separation distance.

2. Walls of dwellings and accessory structures located
on the same lot.

3. Detached tool sheds and storage sheds, playhouses
and similar structures exempted from permits are
not required to provide wall protection based on
location on the lot. Projections beyond the exterior
wall shall not extend over the lot line.

4. Detached garages accessory to a dwelling located
within 2 feet (610 mm) of a lot line are permitted to
have roof eave projections not exceeding 4 inches
(102 mm).

5. Foundation vents installed in compliance with this
code are permitted.

TABLE R301.6

MINIMUM ROOF LIVE LOADS IN POUNDS-FORCE PER SQUARE FOOT OF HORIZONTAL PROJECTION

ROOF SLOPE

TRIBUTARY LOADED AREA IN SQUARE FEET FOR ANY STRUCTURAL MEMBER

0 to 200

201 to 600

Over 600

Flat or rise less than 4 inches per foot (1:3)

Rise 4 inches per foot (1:3) to less than 12 inches per foot (1:1)

Rise 12 inches per foot (1:1) and greater

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.

TABLE R301.7

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS” '

STRUCTURAL MEMBER

ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION

Rafters having slopes greater than 3:12 with finished ceiling not attached to rafters

L/180

Interior walls and partitions

17/180

Floors

L/360

Ceilings with brittle finishes (including plaster and stucco)

L/360

Ceilings with flexible finishes (including gypsum board)

L/240

All other structural members

L/240

Exterior walls — wind loads” with plaster or stucco finish

77/360

Exterior walls — wind loads” with other brittle finishes

77/240

Exterior walls — wind loads” with flexible finishes

77/120”

Lintels supporting masonry veneer walls”

L/600

Note: L = span length, H = span height.

a. For the purpose of the determining deflection limits herein, the wind load shall be permitted to be taken as 0.7 times the component and cladding (ASD) loads
obtained from Table R301.2(2).

b For cantilever members, L shall be taken as twice the length of the cantilever.

c. For aluminum structural members or panels used in roofs or walls of sunroom additions or patio covers, not supporting edge of glass or sandwich panels,
the total load deflection shall not exceed L/60. For continuous aluminum structural members supporting edge of glass, the total load deflection shall not
exceed L/175 for each glass lite or L/60 for the entire length of the member, whichever is more stringent. For sandwich panels used in roofs or walls of
sunroom additions or patio covers, the total load deflection shall not exceed L/120.

d. Deflection for exterior walls with interior gypsum board finish shall be limited to an allowable deflection of ///1 80.

e. Refer to Section R703. 8. 2.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R302.2 Townhouses. Common walls separating townhouses
shall be assigned a fire-resistance rating in accordance with
Section R302.2, Item 1 or 2. The common wall shared by two
townhouses shall be constructed without plumbing or
mechanical equipment, ducts or vents in the cavity of the
common wall. The wall shall be rated for fire exposure from
both sides and shall extend to and be tight against exterior
walls and the underside of the roof sheathing. Electrical
installations shall be in accordance with the California Elec-
trical Code. Penetrations of the membrane of common walls
for electrical outlet boxes shall be in accordance with Section
R302.4.

1. Where a fire sprinkler system in accordance with
Section R313 is provided, the common wall shall be
not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated wall
assembly tested in accordance with ASTM El 19 or
UL 263.

2. Where a fire sprinkler system in accordance with
Section R313 is not provided, the common wall shall
be not less than a 2-hour fire-resistance-rated wall
assembly tested in accordance with ASTM El 19 or
UL 263.

TABLE R302.1(1)
EXTERIOR WALLS

EXTERIOR WALL ELEMENT

MINIMUM FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING

MINIMUM FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE

Walls

Fire-resistance rated

1 hour — tested in accordance with ASTM El 19
or UL 263 with exposure from both sides

< 5 feet

Not fire-resistance rated

0 hours

> 5 feet

Projections

Not allowed

N/A

< 2 feet

Fire-resistance rated

1 hour on the underside^’

> 2 feet to < 5 feet

Not fire-resistance rated

0 hours

> 5 feet

Openings
in walls

Not allowed

N/A

< 3 feet

25% maximum of wall area

0 hours

3 feet

Unlimited

0 hours

5 feet

Penetrations

All

Comply with Section R302.4

< 3 feet

None required

3 feet

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

N/A = Not Applicable.

a. Roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave if fireblocking is provided from the wall top plate to
the underside of the roof sheathing.

b. Roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave provided that gable vent openings are not installed.

TABLE R302.1(2)

EXTERIOR WALLS— DWELLINGS AND ACCESSORY BUILDINGS WITH AUTOMA TIC RESIDENTIAL FIRE SPRINKLER PROTECTION

EXTERIOR WALL ELEMENT

MINIMUM

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING

MINIMUM FIRE
SEPARATION DISTANCE

Walls

Fire-resistance rated

1 hour — tested in accordance with ASTM El 19
or UL 263 with exposure from the outside

0 feet

Not fire-resistance rated

0 hours

3 feeP

Projections

Not allowed

N/A

< 2 feet

Fire-resistance rated

1 hour on the underside'’ '

2 feeP

Not fire-resistance rated

0 hours

3 feet

Openings in walls

Not allowed

N/A

< 3 feet

Unlimited

0 hours

3 feeP

Penetrations

All

Comply with Section R302.4

< 3 feet

None required

3 feeP

For SI: I foot = 304.8 mm.

N/A = Not Applicable

a. For residential subdivisions where all dwellings are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section R313, the
fire separation distance for nonrated exterior walls and rated projections shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 feet, and unlimited unprotected openings and
penetrations shall be permitted, where the adjoining lot provides an open setback yard that is 6 feet or more in width on the opposite side of the property line.

b. The roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave if fireblocking is provided from the wall top plate
to the underside of the roof sheathing.

c. The roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave provided that gable vent openings are not installed.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R302.2.1 Continuity. The fire-resistance-rated wall or
assembly separating townhouses shall be continuous from
the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck
or slab. The fire-resistance rating shall extend the full
length of the wall or assembly, including wall extensions
through and separating attached enclosed accessory struc-
tures.

R302.2.2 Parapets for townhouses. Parapets constructed
in accordance with Section R302.2.3 shall be constructed
for townhouses as an extension of exterior walls or com-
mon walls in accordance with the following:

1. Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are
at the same elevation, the parapet shall extend not less
than 30 inches (762 mm) above the roof surfaces.

2. Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are
at different elevations and the higher roof is not
more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower roof,
the parapet shall extend not less than 30 inches (762
mm) above the lower roof surface.

Exception: A parapet is not required in the pre-
ceding two cases where the roof covering com-
plies with a minimum Class C rating as tested in
accordance with ASTM El 08 or UL 790 and the
roof decking or sheathing is of noncombustible
materials or approved fire-retardant-treated wood
for a distance of 4 feet (1219 mm) on each side of
the wall or walls, or one layer of Vg-inch (15.9
mm) Type X gypsum board is installed directly
beneath the roof decking or sheathing, supported
by not less than nominal 2-inch (5 1 mm) ledgers
attached to the sides of the roof framing members,
for a distance of not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on
each side of the wall or walls and any openings or
penetrations in the roof are not within 4 feet (1219
mm) of the common walls.

3. A parapet is not required where roof surfaces adja-
cent to the wall or walls are at different elevations
and the higher roof is more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the lower roof. The common wall construc-
tion from the lower roof to the underside of the
higher roof deck shall have not less than a 1-hour
fire-resistance rating. The wall shall be rated for
exposure from both sides.

R302.2.3 Parapet construction. Parapets shall have the
same fire-resistance rating as that required for the sup-
porting wall or walls. On any side adjacent to a roof sur-
face, the parapet shall have noncombustible faces for the
uppermost 18 inches (457 mm), to include counterflash-
ing and coping materials. Where the roof slopes toward a
parapet at slopes greater than 2 units vertical in 12 units
horizontal (16.7-percent slope), the parapet shall extend to
the same height as any portion of the roof within a dis-
tance of 3 feet (914 mm), and the height shall be not less
than 30 inches (762 mm).

R302.2.4 Structural independence. Each individual
townhouse shall be structurally independent.

Exceptions:

1. Foundations supporting exterior walls or com-
mon walls.

2. Structural roof and wall sheathing from each unit
fastened to the common wall framing.

3. Nonstructural wall and roof coverings.

4. Flashing at termination of roof covering over
common wall.

5. Townhouses separated by a common wall as pro-
vided in Section R302.2, Item 1 or 2.

R302.3 Two-family dwellings. Dwelling units in two-family
dwellings shall be separated from each other by wall and
floor assemblies having not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance
rating where tested in accordance with ASTM El 19 or UL
263. Fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling and wall assemblies
shall extend to and be tight against the exterior wall, and wall
assemblies shall extend from the foundation to the underside
of the roof sheathing.

Exceptions:

1 . A fire-resistance rating of V 2 hour shall be permitted in
buildings equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA
13.

2. Wall assemblies need not extend through attic spaces
where the ceiling is protected by not less than Vg-inch
(15.9 mm) Type X gypsum board, an attic draft stop
constructed as specified in Section R302.12.1 is pro-
vided above and along the wall assembly separating
the dwellings and the structural framing supporting
the ceiling is protected by not less than Vj-inch (12.7
mm) gypsum board or equivalent.

R302.3.1 Supporting construction. Where floor assem-
blies are required to be fire-resistance rated by Section
R302.3, the supporting construction of such assemblies
shall have an equal or greater fire-resistance rating.

R302.4 Dwelling unit rated penetrations. Penetrations of
wall or floor-ceiling assemblies required to be fire-resistance
rated in accordance with Section R302.2 or R302.3 shall be
protected in accordance with this section.

R302.4.1 Through penetrations. Through penetrations of
fire-resistance-rated wall or floor assemblies shall comply
with Section R302.4. 1 . 1 or R302.4. 1 .2.

Exception: Where the penetrating items are steel, fer-
rous or copper pipes, tubes or conduits, the annular
space shall be protected as follows:

1 . In concrete or masonry wall or floor assemblies,
concrete, grout or mortar shall be permitted
where installed to the full thickness of the wall or
floor assembly or the thickness required to main-

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

tain the fire-resistance rating, provided that both
of the following are complied with:

1.1. The nominal diameter of the penetrating
item is not more than 6 inches (152 mm).

1 .2. The area of the opening through the wall
does not exceed 144 square inches (92
900 mm^).

2. The material used to fill the annular space shall pre-
vent the passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to
ignite cotton waste where subjected to ASTM El 19
or UL 263 time temperature fire conditions under a
positive pressure differential of not less than 0.01
inch of water (3 Pa) at the location of the penetra-
tion for the time period equivalent to the fire-resis-
tance rating of the construction penetrated.

R302.4.1.1 Fire-resistance-rated assembly. Penetra-
tions shall be installed as tested in the approved fire-
resistance-rated assembly.

R302.4.1.2 Penetration firestop system. Penetrations
shall be protected by an approved penetration firestop
system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM
E814 or UL 1479, with a positive pressure differential
of not less than 0.01 inch of water (3 Pa) and shall have
an E rating of not less than the required fire-resistance
rating of the wall or floor-ceiling assembly penetrated.

R302.4.2 Membrane penetrations. Membrane penetra-
tions shall comply with Section R302.4.1. Where walls are
required to have a fire-resistance rating, recessed fixtures
shall be installed so that the required fire-resistance rating
will not be reduced.

Exceptions:

1. Membrane penetrations of not more than 2-hour
fire-resistance-rated walls and partitions by steel
electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 square
inches (0.0103 m^) in area provided that the aggre-
gate area of the openings through the membrane
does not exceed 100 square inches (0.0645 m^) in
any 100 square feet (9.29 m^) of wall area. The
annular space between the wall membrane and the
box shall not exceed Vg inch (3.1 mm). Such boxes
on opposite sides of the wall shall be separated by
one of the following:

1.1. By a horizontal distance of not less than
24 inches (610 mm) where the wall or
partition is constructed with individual
noncommunicating stud cavities.

1.2. By a horizontal distance of not less than
the depth of the wall cavity where the wall
cavity is filled with cellulose loose-fill,
rockwool or slag mineral wool insulation.

1.3. By solid fireblocking in accordance with
Section R302.il.

1 .4. By protecting both boxes with listed putty
pads.

1.5. By other listed materials and methods.

2. Membrane penetrations by listed electrical boxes
of any materials provided that the boxes have
been tested for use in fire-resistance-rated assem-
blies and are installed in accordance with the
instructions included in the listing. The annular
space between the wall membrane and the box
shall not exceed Vg inch (3.1 mm) unless listed
otherwise. Such boxes on opposite sides of the
wall shall be separated by one of the following:

2.1. By the horizontal distance specified in the
listing of the electrical boxes.

2.2. By solid fireblocking in accordance with
Section R302.1 1.

2.3. By protecting both boxes with listed putty
pads.

2.4. By other listed materials and methods.

3. The annular space created by the penetration of a
fire sprinkler provided that it is covered by a
metal escutcheon plate.

R302.5 Dwelling-garage opening and penetration protec-
tion. Openings and penetrations through the walls or ceilings
separating the dwelling from the garage shall be in accor-
dance with Sections R302.5.1 through R302.5.3.

R302.5.1 Opening protection. Openings from a private
garage directly into a room used for sleeping purposes shall
not be permitted. Other openings between the garage and
residence shall be equipped with solid wood doors not less
than iVg inches (35 mm) in thickness, solid or honeycomb-
core steel doors not less than iVg inches (35 mm) thick, or
20-minute fire-rated doors, equipped with a self-closing and
self-latching device.

Exception: Where the residence and the private garage
are protected by an automatic residential fire sprinkler
system in accordance with Sections R309.6 and R313,
other door openings between the private garage and
the residence need only be self-closing and self-latch-
ing. This exception shall not apply to rooms used for
sleeping purposes.

R302.5.2 Duct penetration. Ducts in the garage and ducts
penetrating the walls or ceilings separating the dwelling
from the garage shall be constructed of a minimum No. 26
gage (0.48 mm) sheet steel or other approved material and
shall not have openings into the garage.

R302.5.3 Other penetrations. Penetrations through the
separation required in Section R302.6 shall be protected as
required by Section R302.1 1, Item 4.

R302.6 Dwelling/garage and/or carport fire separation.

The garage and/or carport shall be separated as required by
Table R302.6. Openings in garage walls shall comply with
Section R302.5. Attachment of gypsum board shall comply
with Table R702.3.5. The wall separation provisions of Table
R302.6 shall not apply to garage walls that are perpendicular
to the adjacent dwelling unit wall. A separation is not
required between the dwelling unit and a carport, provided
the carport is entirely open on two or more sides and there
are not enclosed areas above.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R302.6

DWELLING-GARAGE AND/OR CARPORT SEPARATION

SEPARATION

MATERIAL

From the residence and attics

Not less than Vj-inch gypsum board or equivalent applied to the
garage side

From habitable rooms above the garage or carport

Not less than ^/g-inch Type X gypsum board or equivalent

Structure(s) supporting floor/ceiling assemblies used for separation
required by this section

Not less than Vj-inch gypsum board or equivalent

Garages located less than 3 feet from a dwelling unit on the same lot

Not less than V^-inch gypsum board or equivalent applied to the inte-
rior side of exterior walls that are within this area

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

R302.7 Under-stair protection. Enclosed accessible space
under stairs shall have walls, under-stair surface and any sof-
fits protected on the enclosed side with '/ 2 -inch (12.7 mm)
gypsum board.

R302.8 Foam plastics. For requirements for foam plastics,
see Section R316.

R302.9 Flame spread index and smoke-developed index
for wall and ceiling finishes. Flame spread and smoke devel-
oped indexes for wall and ceiling finishes shall be in accor-
dance with Sections R302.9. 1 through R302.9.4.

R302.9.1 Flame spread index. Wall and ceiling finishes
shall have a flame spread index of not greater than 200.

Exception: Flame spread index requirements for fin-
ishes shall not apply to trim defined as picture molds,
chair rails, baseboards and handrails; to doors and win-
dows or their frames; or to materials that are less than
Vjg inch (0.91 mm) in thickness cemented to the sur-
face of walls or ceilings if these materials exhibit
flame spread index values not greater than those of
paper of this thickness cemented to a noncombustible
backing.

R302.9.2 Smoke-developed index. Wall and ceiling fin-
ishes shall have a smoke-developed index of not greater
than 450.

R302.9.3 Testing. Tests shall be made in accordance with
ASTM E84orUF 723.

R302.9.4 Alternative test method. As an alternative to
having a flame spread index of not greater than 200 and a
smoke-developed index of not greater than 450 where
tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UF 723, wall and
ceiling finishes shall be permitted to be tested in accor-
dance with NFPA 286. Materials tested in accordance with
NFPA 286 shall meet the following criteria:

The interior finish shall comply with the following:

1. During the 40 kW exposure, flames shall not
spread to the ceiling.

2. The flame shall not spread to the outer extremity
of the sample on any wall or ceiling.

3. Flashover, as defined in NFPA 286, shall not
occur.

4. The peak heat release rate throughout the test
shall not exceed 800 kW.

5. The total smoke released throughout the test shall
not exceed 1,000 m^.

R302.9.5 Stability. Interior finish materials regulated by
this chapter shall be applied or otherwise fastened in such
a manner that such materials will not readily become
detached where subjected to room temperatures of 200° F
(93°C)for not less than 30 minutes.

R302.10 Flame spread index and smoke-developed index
for insulation. Flame spread and smoke-developed index for
insulation shall be in accordance with Sections R302.10.1
through R302.10.5.

R302.10.1 Insulation. Insulation materials, including fac-
ings, such as vapor retarders and vapor-permeable mem-
branes installed within floor-ceiling assemblies, roof-
ceiling assemblies, wall assemblies, crawl spaces and
attics shall have a flame spread index not to exceed 25
with an accompanying smoke-developed index not to
exceed 450 where tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or
UF 723.

Exceptions:

1. Where such materials are installed in concealed
spaces, the flame spread index and smoke-devel-
oped index limitations do not apply to the fac-
ings, provided that the facing is installed in
substantial contact with the unexposed surface of
the ceiling, floor or wall finish.

2. Cellulose fiber loose-fill insulation, that is not |
spray applied, complying with the requirements
of Section R302.10.3, shall not be required to |
meet the smoke-developed index of not more
than 450 and shall be required to meet a smoke-
developed index of not more than 450 where
tested in accordance with CANAJFC S102.2.

3. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with Sec-
tion R316.

R302.10.2 Loose-fill insulation. Loose-fill insulation
materials that cannot be mounted in the ASTM E84 or UL
723 apparatus without a screen or artificial supports shall
comply with the flame spread and smoke-developed limits
of Section R302.10.1 where tested in accordance with
CAN/ULC S102.2.

Exception: Cellulosic fiber loose-fill insulation shall |
not be required to be tested in accordance with CAN/

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

ULC S 102.2, provided such insulation complies with
the requirements of Sections R302.10.1 and R302.10.3.

R302.10.3 Cellulosic fiber loose-fill insulation. Cellu-
losic fiber loose-fill insulation shall comply with CPSC 16
CFR, Parts 1209 and 1404. Each package of such insulat-
ing material shall be clearly labeled in accordance with
CPSC 16 CFR, Parts 1209 and 1404.

R302.10.4 Exposed attic insulation. Exposed insulation
materials installed on attic floors shall have a critical radi-
ant flux not less than 0.12 watt per square centimeter.

R302.10.5 Testing. Tests for critical radiant flux shall be
made in accordance with ASTM E970.

R302.il Fireblocking. In combustible construction, fire-
blocking shall be provided to cut off both vertical and hori-
zontal concealed draft openings and to form an effective fire
barrier between stories, and between a top story and the roof
space.

Fireblocking shall be provided in wood-framed construc-
tion in the following locations:

1. In concealed spaces of stud walls and partitions, includ-
ing furred spaces and parallel rows of studs or stag-
gered studs, as follows:

1.1. Vertically at the ceiling and floor levels.

1.2. Horizontally at intervals not exceeding 10 feet
(3048 mm).

2. At interconnections between concealed vertical and
horizontal spaces such as occur at soffits, drop ceilings
and cove ceilings.

3. In concealed spaces between stair stringers at the top
and bottom of the run. Enclosed spaces under stairs
shall comply with Section R302.7.

4. At openings around vents, pipes, ducts, cables and
wires at ceiling and floor level, with an approved mate-
rial to resist the free passage of flame and products of
combustion. The material filling this annular space
shall not be required to meet the ASTM El 36 require-
ments.

5. For the fireblocking of chimneys and fireplaces, see
Section R1003. 19.

6. Fireblocking of cornices of a two-family dwelling is
required at the line of dwelling unit separation.

R302.il. 1 Fireblocking materials. Except as provided in
Section R302.il, Item 4, fireblocking shall consist of the
following materials.

1 . Two-inch (5 1 mm) nominal lumber.

2. Two thicknesses of 1-inch (25.4 mm) nominal lum-
ber with broken lap joints.

3. One thickness of ^V 32 -inch (18.3 mm) wood struc-
tural panels with joints backed by ^V 32 -inch (18.3
mm) wood structural panels.

4. One thickness of ^/^-inch (19.1 mm) particleboard
with joints backed by V 4 -inch (19.1 mm) particle-
board.

5. One-half-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board.

6. One-quarter-inch (6.4 mm) cement-based millboard.

7. Batts or blankets of mineral wool or glass fiber or
other approved materials installed in such a manner
as to be securely retained in place.

8. Cellulose insulation installed as tested in accordance
with ASTM El 19 or UL 263, for the specific appli-
cation.

R302.11.1.1 Batts or blankets of mineral or glass
fiber. Batts or blankets of mineral or glass fiber or
other approved nonrigid materials shall be permitted
for compliance with the 10-foot (3048 mm) horizontal
fireblocking in walls constructed using parallel rows of
studs or staggered studs.

R302.il. 1.2 Unfaced fiberglass. Unfaced fiberglass
batt insulation used as fireblocking shall fill the entire
cross section of the wall cavity to a height of not less
than 16 inches (406 mm) measured vertically. Where
piping, conduit or similar obstructions are encountered,
the insulation shall be packed tightly around the
obstruction.

R302.il. 1.3 Loose-fill insulation material. Loose-fill
insulation material shall not be used as a fireblock
unless specifically tested in the form and manner
intended for use to demonstrate its ability to remain in
place and to retard the spread of fire and hot gases.

R302.11.2 Fireblocking integrity. The integrity of fire-
blocks shall be maintained.

R302.12 Draftstopping. In combustible construction where
there is usable space both above and below the concealed
space of a floor-ceiling assembly, draftstops shall be installed
so that the area of the concealed space does not exceed 1 ,000
square feet (92.9 m^). Draftstopping shall divide the con-
cealed space into approximately equal areas. Where the
assembly is enclosed by a floor membrane above and a ceil-
ing membrane below, draftstopping shall be provided in
floor-ceiling assemblies under the following circumstances:

1. Ceiling is suspended under the floor framing.

2. Floor framing is constructed of truss-type open-web or
perforated members.

R302.12.1 Materials. Draftstopping materials shall be not
less than V 2 -inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board, Vg-inch (9.5
mm) wood structural panels or other approved materials
adequately supported. Draftstopping shall be installed par-
allel to the floor framing members unless otherwise
approved by the building official. The integrity of the
draftstops shall be maintained.

R302.13 Fire protection of floors. Floor assemblies that are **
not required elsewhere in this code to be fire-resistance rated,
shall be provided with a */ 2 -inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wall-
board membrane, ^/g-inch (16 mm) wood structural panel
membrane, or equivalent on the underside of the floor fram-
ing member. Penetrations or openings for ducts, vents, elec-
trical outlets, lighting, devices, luminaires, wires, speakers.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

drainage, piping and similar openings or penetrations shall be
permitted.

Exceptions:

1. Floor assemblies located directly over a space pro-
tected by an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
dance with Section R313, NFPA 13D, or other
approved equivalent sprinkler system.

2. Floor assemblies located directly over a crawl space
not intended for storage or fuel-fired appliances.

3. Portions of floor assemblies shall be permitted to be
unprotected where complying with the following:

3.1. The aggregate area of the unprotected portions
does not exceed 80 square feet (7.4 m^) per story.

3.2. Fireblocking in accordance with Section
R302.1 1.1 is installed along the perimeter of the
unprotected portion to separate the unprotected
portion from the remainder of the floor assem-
bly.

4. Wood floor assemblies using dimension lumber or
structural composite lumber equal to or greater than
2-inch by 10-inch (50.8 mm by 254 mm) nominal
dimension, or other approved floor assemblies
demonstrating equivalent fire performance.

R302.14 Combustible insulation clearance. Combustible
insulation shall be separated not less than 3 inches (76 mm)
from recessed luminaires, fan motors and other heat-produc-
ing devices.

Exception: Where heat-producing devices are listed for
lesser clearances, combustible insulation complying with
the listing requirements shall be separated in accordance
with the conditions stipulated in the listing.

Recessed luminaires installed in the building envelope
shall meet or exceed the requirements specified in the Cali-
fornia Energy Code for recessed luminaires installed in insu-
lated ceilings.

SECTION R303

LIGHT, VENTILATION AND HEATING

R303.1 Habitable rooms. Flabitable rooms shall have an
aggregate glazing area of not less than 8 percent of the floor
area of such rooms. Natural ventilation shall be through win-
I dows, skylights, doors, louvers or other approved openings to
the outdoor air. Such openings shall be provided with ready
access or shall otherwise be readily controllable by the build-
ing occupants. The openable area to the outdoors shall be not
less than 4 percent of the floor area being ventilated.

Exceptions:

1. The glazed areas need not be openable where the
opening is not required by Section R310 and a
whole-house mechanical ventilation system is
installed in accordance with the California Mechan-
ical Code.

2. The glazed areas need not be installed in rooms
where Exception 1 is satisfied and artificial light is

provided that is capable of producing an average
illumination of 6 footcandles (65 lux) over the area
of the room at a height of 30 inches (762 mm) above
the floor level.

3. Use of sunroom and patio covers, as defined in Sec-
tion R202, shall be permitted for natural ventilation
if in excess of 40 percent of the exterior sunroom
walls are open, or are enclosed only by insect
screening.

4. The windows, doors, louvers and other approved
closeable openings not required by Section R310
may open into a passive solar energy collector for
ventilation required by this section. The area of ven-
tilation openings to the outside of the passive solar
energy collector shall be increased to compensate
for the openings required by the interior space.

5. Glazed openings may open into a passive solar
energy collector provided the area of exterior
glazed opening(s) into the passive solar energy col-
lector is increased to compensate for the area
required by the interior space.

R303.2 Adjoining rooms. For the purpose of determining
light and ventilation requirements, any room shall be consid-
ered to be a portion of an adjoining room where not less than
one-half of the area of the common wall is open and unob-
structed and provides an opening of not less than one-tenth of
the floor area of the interior room and not less than 25 square
feet (2.3 m^).

Exception: Openings required for light or ventilation shall
be permitted to open into a sunroom with thermal isolation
or a patio cover, provided that there is an openable area
between the adjoining room and the sunroom or patio
cover of not less than one-tenth of the floor area of the
interior room and not less than 20 square feet (2 m^). The
minimum openable area to the outdoors shall be based
upon the total floor area being ventilated.

R303.3 Bathrooms. Bathrooms, water closet compartments
and other similar rooms shall be provided with aggregate glaz-
ing area in windows of not less than 3 square feet (0.3 m^), one-
half of which must be openable.

Exception: The glazed areas shall not be required where
artificial light and a local exhaust system are provided.
The minimum local exhaust rates shall be 50 cubic feet per
minute (25 L/s)for intermittent ventilation or 20 cubic feet
per minute (10 Us) for continuous ventilation in accor-
dance with the California Mechanical Code, Chapter 4.
Exhaust air from the space shall be exhausted directly to
the outdoors.

R303.3.1 Bathroom exhaust fans. Each bathroom con-
taining a bathtub, shower or tub/shower combination shall
be mechanically ventilated for purposes of humidity con-
trol in accordance with the California Mechanical Code,
Chapter 4; and the California Green Building Standards
Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.5.

Note: Window operation is not a permissible method of

providing bathroom exhaust for humidity control.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R303.4 Ventilation. Ventilation air rates shall be in compli-
ance with the California Mechanical Code.

R303.5 Opening location. Outdoor intake and exhaust open-
ings shall he located in accordance with Sections R303.5.1
and R303.5.2.

R303.5.1 Intake openings. Mechanical and gravity out-
door air intake openings shall he located not less than 10
feet (3048 mm) from any hazardous or noxious contami-
nant, such as vents, chimneys, plumbing vents, streets,
alleys, parking lots and loading docks.

For the purpose of this section, the exhaust from dwell-
ing unit toilet rooms, bathrooms and kitchens shall not be
considered as hazardous or noxious.

Exceptions:

1. The 10-foot (3048 mm) separation is not required
where the intake opening is located 3 feet (914
mm) or greater below the contaminant source.

2. Vents and chimneys serving fuel-burning appli-
ances shall be terminated in accordance with the
applicable provisions of Chapters 18 and 24.

3. Clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall be terminated in
accordance with Section M1502.3.

R303.5.2 Exhaust openings. Exhaust air shall not be
directed onto walkways.

R303.6 Outside opening protection. Air exhaust and intake
openings that terminate outdoors shall be protected with cor-
rosion-resistant screens, louvers or grilles having an opening
size of not less than V 4 inch (6 mm) and a maximum opening
size of Vj inch (13 mm), in any dimension. Openings shall be
protected against local weather conditions. Outdoor air
exhaust and intake openings shall meet the provisions for
exterior wall opening protectives in accordance with this
code.

R303.7 Interior stairway illumination. Interior stairways
shall be provided with an artificial light source to illuminate
the landings and treads. The light source shall be capable of
illuminating treads and landings to levels of not less than 1
foot-candle (11 lux) as measured at the center of treads and
landings. There shall be a wall switch at each floor level to
control the light source where the stairway has six or more
risers.

Exception: A switch is not required where remote, central
or automatic control of lighting is provided.

R303.8 Exterior stairway illumination. Exterior stairways
shall be provided with an artificial light source located at the
top landing of the stairway. Exterior stairways providing

access to a basement from the outdoor grade level shall be
provided with an artificial light source located at the bottom
landing of the stairway.

R303.8.1 Sunroom additions. Required glazed openings
shall be permitted to open into sunroom additions or patio
covers that abut a street, yard or court if in excess of 40
percent of the exterior sunroom walls are open, or are
enclosed only by insect screening, and the ceiling height
of the sunroom is not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

R303.8.1.1 Passive solar energy collectors. When a
passive solar energy collector is designed as a condi-
tioned area it shall comply with the California Energy
Code. Nonconditioned passive solar energy collectors
are exempt from the California Energy Code.

R303.9 Required heating. Where the winter design tempera-
ture in Table R301.2(l) is below 60°E (16°C), every dwelling
unit shall be provided with heating facilities capable of main-
taining a room temperature of not less than 68 °E (20°C) at a
point 3 feet (914 mm) above the floor and 2 feet (610 mm)
from exterior walls in habitable rooms at the design tempera-
ture. The installation of one or more portable space heaters
shall not be used to achieve compliance with this section.

Note: See Section R301. 1.1.1 for limited-density owner-
built rural dwellings.

SECTION R304
MINIMUM ROOM AREAS

R304.1 Minimum area. Habitable rooms shall have a floor
area of not less than 70 square feet (6.5 m^).

Exceptions: Kitchens.

R304.2 Minimum dimensions. Habitable rooms shall be not
less than 7 feet (2134 mm) in any horizontal dimension.

Exceptions:

1. Kitchens.

2. Limited-density owner-built rural dwellings. See
Section R301. 1.1.1.

R304.3 Height effect on room area. Portions of a room with
a sloping ceiling measuring less than 5 feet (1524 mm) or a
furred ceiling measuring less than 7 feet (2134 mm) from the
finished floor to the finished ceiling shall not be considered
as contributing to the minimum required habitable area for
that room.

R304.5 Efficiency dwelling units. (HCD 1) Unless modified
by local ordinance pursuant to Health and Safety Code

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

Section 17958.1, ejficiency dwelling units shall comply with
the following:

1. The unit shall have a living room of not less than 220
square feet (20.4 m^) of floor area. An additional
100 square feet (9.3 m^) of floor area shall be provided
for each occupant of such unit in excess of two.

2. The unit shall be provided with a separate closet.

3. The unit shall be provided with a kitchen sink, cooking
appliance and refrigeration facilities, each having a
clear working space of not less than 30 inches (762
mm) in front. Light and ventilation conforming to this
code shall be provided.

4. The unit shall be provided with a separate bathroom
containing a water closet, lavatory and bathtub or
shower.

SECTION R305
CEILING HEIGHT

I R305.1 Minimum height. Habitable space, hallways and
portions of basements containing these spaces shall have a
ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm). Bathrooms,
toilet rooms and laundry rooms shall have a ceiling height of
not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm).

Exceptions:

1. For rooms with sloped ceilings, the required floor
area of the room shall have a ceiling height of not
less than 5 feet (1524 mm) and not less than 50 per-
cent of the required floor area shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

2. The ceiling height above bathroom and toilet room
fixtures shall be such that the fixture is capable of
being used for its intended purpose. A shower or tub
equipped with a showerhead shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm)
above an area of not less than 30 inches (762 mm)
by 30 inches (762 mm) at the showerhead.

3. Beams, girders, ducts or other obstructions in base-
ments containing habitable space shall be permitted
to project to within 6 feet 4 inches (1931 mm) of the
finished floor.

R305.1.1 Basements. Portions of basements that do not
I contain habitable space or hallways shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm).

Exception: At beams, girders, ducts or other obstruc-
tions, the ceiling height shall be not less than 6 feet 4
inches (1931 mm) from the finished floor.

SECTION R306
SANITATION

R306.1 Toilet facilities. Every dwelling unit shall be pro-
vided with a water closet, lavatory, and a bathtub or shower.

R306.2 Kitchen. Each dwelling unit shall be provided with a
kitchen area and every kitchen area shall be provided with a
sink.

R306.3 Sewage disposal. Plumbing fixtures shall be con-
nected to a sanitary sewer or to an approved private sewage
disposal system.

R306.4 Water supply to fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall
be connected to an approved water supply. Kitchen sinks,
lavatories, bathtubs, showers, bidets, laundry tubs and
washing machine outlets shall be provided with hot and cold
water.

SECTION R307

TOILET, BATH AND SHOWER SPACES

R307.1 Space required. Fixtures shall be spaced in accor-
dance with the California Plumbing Code.

R307.2 Bathtub and shower spaces. Bathtub and shower
floors and walls above bathtubs with installed shower heads
and in shower compartments shall be finished with a nonab-
sorbent surface. Such wall surfaces shall extend to a height of
not less than 6 feet ( 1 829 mm) above the floor.

SECTION R308
GLAZING

R308.1 Identification. Except as indicated in Section
R308.1.1 each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations
as defined in Section R308.4 shall be provided with a manufac-
turer’s designation specifying who applied the designation,
designating the type of glass and the safety glazing standard
with which it complies, which is visible in the final installation.
The designation shall be acid etched, sandblasted, ceramic-
fired, laser etched, embossed, or be of a type that once applied
cannot be removed without being destroyed. A label shall be
permitted in lieu of the manufacturer’s designation.

Exceptions:

1. Eor other than tempered glass, manufacturer’s desig-
nations are not required provided that the building
official approves the use of a certificate, affidavit or
other evidence confirming compliance with this
code.

2. Tempered spandrel glass is permitted to be identi-
fied by the manufacturer with a removable paper
designation.

R308.1.1 Identification of multiple assemblies. Multipane
assemblies having individual panes not exceeding 1 square
foot (0.09 m^) in exposed area shall have not less than one
pane in the assembly identified in accordance with Section
R308.1. Other panes in the assembly shall be labeled
“CPSC 16 CER 1201” or “ANSI Z97.1” as appropriate.

R308.2 Louvered windows or jalonsies. Regular, float,
wired or patterned glass in jalousies and louvered windows
shall be not less than nominal inch (5 mm) thick and not
more than 48 inches (1219 mm) in length. Exposed glass
edges shall be smooth.

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R308.2.1 Wired glass prohibited. Wired glass with wire
exposed on longitudinal edges shall not be used in jalou-
sies or louvered windows.

R308.3 Human impact loads. Individual glazed areas,
including glass mirrors in hazardous locations such as those
indicated as defined in Section R308.4, shall pass the test
requirements of Section R308.3.1.

Exceptions:

1. Louvered windows and jalousies shall comply with
Section R308.2.

2. Mirrors and other glass panels mounted or hung on a
surface that provides a continuous backing support.

3. Glass unit masonry complying with Section R607.

R308.3.1 Impact test. Where required by other sections
of the code, glazing shall be tested in accordance with
CPSC 16 CFR 1201. Glazing shall comply with the test
criteria for Category II unless otherwise indicated in Table
R308.3.1(l).

Exception: Glazing not in doors or enclosures for hot
tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs and
showers shall be permitted to be tested in accordance
with ANSI Z97. 1 . Glazing shall comply with the test cri-
teria for Class A unless indicated in Table R308.3.1(2).
R308.4 Hazardous locations. The locations specified in Sec-
tions R308.4.1 through R308.4.7 shall be considered to be
specific hazardous locations for the purposes of glazing.

R308.4.I Glazing in doors. Glazing in fixed and opera-
ble panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be
considered to be a hazardous location.

Exceptions:

1. Glazed openings of a size through which a 3-
inch-diameter (76 mm) sphere is unable to pass.

2. Decorative glazing.

R308.4.2 Glazing adjacent to doors. Glazing in an indi-
vidual fixed or operable panel adjacent to a door shall be
considered to be a hazardous location where the bottom
exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524
mm) above the floor or walking surface and it meets either
of the following conditions:

1. Where the glazing is within 24 inches (610 mm) of
either side of the door in the plane of the door in a
closed position.

2. Where the glazing is on a wall perpendicular to the
plane of the door in a closed position and within 24
inches (610 mm) of the hinge side of an in-swinging
door.

Exceptions:

1 . Decorative glazing.

2. Where there is an intervening wall or other
permanent barrier between the door and the
glazing.

3. Where access through the door is to a closet or
storage area 3 feet (914 mm) or less in depth.
Glazing in this application shall comply with
Section R308.4.3.

4. Glazing that is adjacent to the fixed panel of
patio doors.

R308.4.3 Glazing in windows. Glazing in an individual
fixed or operable panel that meets all of the following con-
ditions shall be considered to be a hazardous location:

1 . The exposed area of an individual pane is larger than
9 square feet (0.836 m^),

2. The bottom edge of the glazing is less than 18 inches
(457 mm) above the floor,

3. The top edge of the glazing is more than 36 inches
(914 mm) above the floor; and

TABLE R308.3.1(1)

MINIMUM CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION OF GLAZING USING CPSC 16 CFR 1201

EXPOSED SURFACE
AREA OF ONE SIDE
OF ONE LITE

GLAZING IN
STORM OR
COMBINATION
DOORS

(Category Class)

GLAZING IN
DOORS

(Category Class)

GLAZED PANELS
REGULATED BY
SECTION R308.4.3
(Category Class)

GLAZED PANELS
REGULATED BY
SECTION R308.4.2
(Category Class)

GLAZING IN
DOORS AND
ENCLOSURES
REGULATED BY
SECTION 308.4.5
(Category Class)

SLIDING GLASS
DOORS PATIO TYPE
(Category Class)

9 square feet or less

More than 9 square feet

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m^.
NR = “No Requirement.”

TABLE R308.3.1(2)

MINIMUM CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION OF GLAZING USING ANSI Z97.1

EXPOSED SURFACE AREA
OF ONE SIDE OF ONE LITE

GLAZED PANELS REGULATED BY
SECTION R308.4.3
(Category Class)

GLAZED PANELS REGULATED BY
SECTION R308.4.2
(Category Class)

DOORS AND ENCLOSURES REGULATED
BY SECTION R308.4.5=
(Category Class)

9 square feet or less

No requirement

More than 9 square feet

For SI: I square foot = 0.0929 m^.

a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R308.3.1.

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BUILDING PLANNING

4. One or more walking surfaces are within 36 inches
(914 mm), measured horizontally and in a straight
line, of the glazing.

Exceptions:

1. Decorative glazing.

2. Where a horizontal rail is installed on the
accessible side(s) of the glazing 34 to 38
inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking
surface. The rail shall be capable of with-
standing a horizontal load of 50 pounds per
linear foot (730 N/m) without contacting
the glass and have a cross-sectional height
of not less than 1 V 2 inches (38 mm).

3. Outboard panes in insulating glass units
and other multiple glazed panels where the
bottom edge of the glass is 25 feet (7620
mm) or more above grade, a roof, walking
surfaces or other horizontal [within 45
degrees (0.79 rad) of horizontal] surface
adjacent to the glass exterior.

R308.4.4 Glazing in guards and railings. Glazing in
guards and railings, including structural baluster panels
and nonstructural in-fill panels, regardless of area or
height above a walking surface shall be considered to be a
hazardous location.

R308.4.5 Glazing and wet surfaces. Glazing in walls,
enclosures or fences containing or facing hot tubs, spas,
whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs, showers and
indoor or outdoor swimming pools where the bottom
exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524
mm) measured vertically above any standing or walking
surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location. This
shall apply to single glazing and each pane in multiple glaz-
ing.

Exception: Glazing that is more than 60 inches (1524
mm), measured horizontally and in a straight line, from
the water’s edge of a bathtub, hot tub, spa, whirlpool or

swimming pool or from the edge of a shower, sauna or
steam room.

R308.4.6 Glazing adjacent to stairs and ramps. Glaz-
ing where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less
than 36 inches (914 mm) above the plane of the adjacent
walking surface of stairways, landings between flights of
stairs and ramps shall be considered to be a hazardous
location.

Exceptions:

1 . Where a rail is installed on the accessible side(s)
of the glazing 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm)
above the walking surface. The rail shall be capa-
ble of withstanding a horizontal load of 50
pounds per linear foot (730 N/m) without con-
tacting the glass and have a cross-sectional height
of not less than IV 2 inches (38 mm).

2. Glazing 36 inches (914 mm) or more measured
horizontally from the walking surface.

R308.4.7 Glazing adjacent to the bottom stair landing.

Glazing adjacent to the landing at the bottom of a stairway
where the glazing is less than 36 inches (914 mm) above
the landing and within a 60-inch (1524 mm) horizontal arc
less than 180 degrees from the bottom tread nosing shall
be considered to be a hazardous location.

Exception: The glazing is protected by a guard com-
plying with Section R312 and the plane of the glass is
more than 1 8 inches (457 mm) from the guard.

R308.5 Site-built windows. Site-built windows shall comply
with Section 2404 of the California Building Code.

R308.6 Skylights and sloped glazing. Skylights and sloped
glazing shall comply with the following sections.

R308.6.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in
Chapter 2:

SKYLIGHT, UNIT.

SKYLIGHTS AND SLOPED GLAZING.
TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICE (TDD).

FIGURE R308.4.7

PROHIBITED GLAZING LOCATIONS AT BOTTOM STAIR LANDINGS

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R308.6.2 Materials. The following types of glazing shall
be permitted to be used:

1. Laminated glass with not less than a 0.015-inch
(0.38 mm) polyvinyl butyral interlayer for glass
panes 16 square feet (1.5 m^) or less in area located
such that the highest point of the glass is not more
than 12 feet (3658 mm) above a walking surface or
other accessible area; for higher or larger sizes, the
interlayer thickness shall be not less than 0.030 inch
(0.76 mm).

2. Fully tempered glass.

3. Heat-strengthened glass.

4. Wired glass.

5. Approved rigid plastics.

R308.6.3 Screens, general. For fully tempered or heat-
strengthened glass, a retaining screen meeting the require-
ments of Section R308.6.7 shall be installed below the
glass, except for fully tempered glass that meets either
condition listed in Section R308.6.5.

R308.6.4 Screens with multiple glazing. Where the
inboard pane is fully tempered, heat-strengthened or wired
glass, a retaining screen meeting the requirements of Sec-
tion R308.6.7 shall be installed below the glass, except for
either condition listed in Section R308.6.5. Other panes in
the multiple glazing shall be of any type listed in Section
R308.6.2.

R308.6.5 Screens not required. Screens shall not be
required where fully tempered glass is used as single glaz-
ing or the inboard pane in multiple glazing and either of
the following conditions are met:

1. Glass area 16 square feet (1.49 m^) or less. Highest
point of glass not more than 12 feet (3658 mm)
above a walking surface or other accessible area,
nominal glass thickness not more than inch (4.8
mm), and (for multiple glazing only) the other pane
or panes fully tempered, laminated or wired glass.

2. Glass area greater than 16 square feet (1.49 m^).
Glass sloped 30 degrees (0.52 rad) or less from ver-
tical, and highest point of glass not more than 10 feet
(3048 mm) above a walking surface or other acces-
sible area.

R308.6.6 Glass in greenhouses. Any glazing material is
permitted to be installed without screening in the sloped
areas of greenhouses, provided that the greenhouse height
at the ridge does not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm) above
grade.

R308.6.7 Screen characteristics. The screen and its fas-
tenings shall be capable of supporting twice the weight of
the glazing, be firmly and substantially fastened to the
framing members, and have a mesh opening of not more
than 1 inch by 1 inch (25 mm by 25 mm).

R308.6.8 Curbs for skylights. Unit skylights installed in
a roof with a pitch flatter than three units vertical in 12
units horizontal (25-percent slope) shall be mounted on a
curb extending not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the

plane of the roof unless otherwise specified in the manu-
facturer’s installation instructions.

R308.6.9 Testing and labeling. Unit skylights and tubular
daylighting devices shall be tested by an approved inde-
pendent laboratory, and bear a label identifying manufac-
turer, performance grade rating and approved inspection
agency to indicate compliance with the requirements of
AAMAAVDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440.

R308.6.9.1 Comparative analysis for glass-glazed
unit skylights. Structural wind load design pressures
for glass-glazed unit skylights different than the size
tested in accordance with Section R308.6.9 shall be
permitted to be different than the design value of the
tested unit where determined in accordance with one of
the following comparative analysis methods:

1. Structural wind load design pressures for glass-
glazed unit skylights smaller than the size tested
in accordance with Section R308.6.9 shall be per-
mitted to be higher than the design value of the
tested unit provided that such higher pressures
are determined by accepted engineering analysis.
Components of the smaller unit shall be the same
as those of the tested unit. Such calculated design
pressures shall be validated by an additional test
of the glass-glazed unit skylight having the high-
est allowable design pressure.

2. In accordance with WDMA I. S. 11.

SECTION R309
GARAGES AND CARPORTS

R309.1 Floor surface. Garage floor surfaces shall be of
approved noncombustible material.

The area of floor used for parking of automobiles or other
vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement of liquids
to a drain or toward the main vehicle entry doorway.

R309.2 Carports. Carports shall be open on not less than two
sides. Carport floor surfaces shall be of approved noncom-
bustible material. Carports not open on two or more sides
shall be considered to be a garage and shall comply with the
provisions of this section for garages.

Exception: Asphalt surfaces shall be permitted at ground
level in carports.

The area of floor used for parking of automobiles or other
vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement of liquids
to a drain or toward the main vehicle entry doorway.

R309.3 Flood hazard areas. For buildings located in flood
hazard areas as established by Table R301.2(l), garage floors
shall be:

1. Elevated to or above the design flood elevation as
determined in accordance with Section R322; or

2. Located below the design flood elevation provided that
the floors are at or above grade on not less than one
side, are used solely for parking, building access or
storage, meet the requirements of Section R322 and are
otherwise constructed in accordance with this code.

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R309.4 Automatic garage door openers. Automatic garage
door openers, if provided, shall be listed and labeled in accor-
dance with UL 325. See Health and Safety Code Sections
19890 and 19891 for additional provisions for residential
garage door openers.

R309.5 Fire sprinklers location on property. Private
garages shall be protected by fire sprinklers where the garage
wall has been designed based on Table R302.1(2), Footnote
a. Sprinklers in garages shall be connected to an automatic
sprinkler system that complies with Section R313. Garage
sprinklers shall be residential sprinklers or quick-response
sprinklers, designed to provide a density of 0.05 gpm/ft^.
Garage doors shall not be considered obstructions with
respect to sprinkler placement.

R309.6 Fire sprinklers, attached garages, and carports with
habitable space above. Attached garages and carports with
habitable space above shall be protected by fire sprinklers in
accordance with this section and Section R313. Protection
shall be provided in accordance with one of the following:

1. Residential sprinklers installed in accordance with
their listing.

2. Extended coverage sprinklers discharging water not
less than their listed flow rate for Light Hazard in
accordance with NFPA 13.

3. Quick-response spray sprinklers at light hazard spac-
ing in accordance with NFPA 13 designed to discharge
at 0.05 gpm/ff density (minimum).

The system demand shall be permitted to be limited to the
number of sprinklers in the compartment but shall not exceed
two sprinklers for hydraulic calculation purposes. Garage
doors shall not be considered obstructions and shall be per-
mitted to be ignored for placement and calculation of sprin-
klers.

Exception: An automatic residential fire sprinkler system
shall not be required when additions or alterations are
made to existing carports and/or garages that do not have
an automatic residential fire sprinkler system installed in
accordance with this section.

R309.7 Extension garage door springs. Every extension
garage door spring sold or offered for sale, whether new or
sold as a replacement, or installed in any garage or carport
which is accessory to a dwelling covered by this code, shall
conform to the requirements for garage door springs located
in Section 1211 of the California Building Code.

R309.8 Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure.

Newly constructed one- and two-family dwellings and town-
houses with attached private garages shall comply with EV
infrastructure requirements in accordance with the Califor-
nia Green Building Standards Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.1.

SECTION R310

EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENINGS

R310.1 Emergency escape and rescue opening required.

Basements, habitable attics and every sleeping room shall
have not less than one operable emergency escape and rescue

opening. Where basements contain one or more sleeping
rooms, an emergency escape and rescue opening shall be
required in each sleeping room. Emergency escape and res-
cue openings shall open directly into a public way, or to a
yard or court that opens to a public way.

Exception: Storm shelters and basements used only to
house mechanical equipment not exceeding a total floor
area of 200 square feet (18.58 m^).

R310.1.1 Operational constraints and opening control
devices. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall be
maintained free of any obstructions other than those
allowed by this section and shall be operational from the
inside of the room without the use of keys, tools or special
knowledge. Window opening control devices complying
with ASTM F2090 shall be permitted for use on windows
serving as a required emergency escape and rescue open-
ing.

R310.2 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Emergency
escape and rescue openings shall have minimum dimensions
as specified in this section.

R310.2.1 Minimum opening area. Emergency and
escape rescue openings shall have a net clear opening of
not less than 5.7 square feet (0.530 m^). The net clear
opening dimensions required by this section shall be
obtained by the normal operation of the emergency escape
and rescue opening from the inside. The net clear height
opening shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm) and the
net clear width shall be not less than 20 inches (508 mm).

Exception: Grade floor or below grade openings shall
have a net clear opening of not less than 5 square feet
(0.465 m").

R310.2.2 Window sill height. Where a window is pro-
vided as the emergency escape and rescue opening, it shall
have the bottom of the clear opening not greater than 44
inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor; where the sill
height is below grade, it shall be provided with a window
well in accordance with Section R3 10.2.3.

R310.2.3 Window wells. The horizontal area of the win-
dow well shall be not less than 9 square feet (0.9 m^), with
a horizontal projection and width of not less than 36 inches
(914 mm). The area of the window well shall allow the
emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.

Exception: The ladder or steps required by Section
R310.2.3.1 shall be permitted to encroach not more
than 6 inches (152 mm) into the required dimensions of
the window well.

R310.2.3.1 Ladder and steps. Window wells with a
vertical depth greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall
be equipped with a permanently affixed ladder or steps
usable with the window in the fully open position. Lad-
ders or steps required by this section shall not be
required to comply with Sections R311.7 and R311.8.
Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of not less
than 12 inches (305 mm), shall project not less than 3
inches (76 mm) from the wall and shall be spaced not
more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center vertically for
the full height of the window well.

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R310.2.3.2 Drainage. Window wells shall be designed
for proper drainage by connecting to the building’s
foundation drainage system required by Section R405.1
or by an approved alternative method.

Exception: A drainage system for window wells is
not required where the foundation is on well-drained
soil or sand-gravel mixture soils in accordance with
the United Soil Classification System, Group I Soils,
as detailed in Table R405.1.

R310.3 Emergency escape and rescue doors. Where a door
is provided as the required emergency escape and rescue
opening, it shall be permitted to be a side-hinged door or a
slider. Where the opening is below the adjacent ground eleva-
tion, it shall be provided with a bulkhead enclosure.

R310.3.1 Minimum door opening size. The minimum
net clear height opening for any door that serves as an
emergency and escape rescue opening shall be in accor-
dance with Section R3 10.2.1.

R310.3.2 Bulkhead enclosures. Bulkhead enclosures
shall provide direct access from the basement. The bulk-
head enclosure shall provide the minimum net clear open-
ing equal to the door in the fully open position.

R310.3.2.1 Drainage. Bulkhead enclosures shall be
designed for proper drainage by connecting to the
building’s foundation drainage system required by Sec-
tion R405.1 or by an approved alternative method.

Exception: A drainage system for bulkhead enclo-
sures is not required where the foundation is on
well-drained soil or sand-gravel mixture soils in
accordance with the United Soil Classification
System, Group I Soils, as detailed in Table
R405.1.

R310.4 Bars, grilles, covers and screens. Bars, grilles,
covers, screens or similar devices are permitted to be placed
over emergency escape and rescue openings, bulkhead
enclosures, or window wells that serve such openings, pro-
vided that the minimum net clear opening size complies
with Sections R310.1.1 to R3 10.2.3, and such devices shall
be releasable or removable from the inside without the use
of a key, tool, special knowledge or force greater than that
required for the normal operation of the escape and rescue
opening. The release mechanism shall be maintained opera-
ble at all times.

Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be
equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by
the fire department only when required by the authority hav-
ing jurisdiction.

Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emer-
gency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1,
2000, such devices shall comply with California Building
Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable
provisions of this code.

R310.5 Dwelling additions. Where dwelling additions occur
that contain sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and rescue
opening shall be provided in each new sleeping room. Where
dwelling additions occur that have basements, an emergency

escape and rescue opening shall be provided in the new base-
ment.

Exceptions:

1. An emergency escape and rescue opening is not
required in a new basement that contains a sleeping
room with an emergency escape and rescue opening.

2. An emergency escape and rescue opening is not
required in a new basement where there is an emer-
gency escape and rescue opening in an existing
basement that is accessible from the new basement.

R310.6 Alterations or repairs of existing basements. An

emergency escape and rescue opening is not required where
existing basements undergo alterations or repairs.

Exception: New sleeping rooms created in an existing
basement shall be provided with emergency escape and
rescue openings in accordance with Section R310.1.

SECTION R311
MEANS OF EGRESS

R311.1 Means of egress. Dwellings shall be provided with a
means of egress in accordance with this section. The means
of egress shall provide a continuous and unobstructed path of
vertical and horizontal egress travel from all portions of the
dwelling to the required egress door without requiring travel
through a garage. The required egress door shall open directly
into a public way or to a yard or court that opens to a public
way.

R311.2 Egress door. Not less than one egress door shall be
provided for each dwelling unit. The egress door shall be
side-hinged, and shall provide a clear width of not less than
32 inches (813 mm) where measured between the face of the
door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees (1.57 rad).
The clear height of the door opening shall be not less than 78
inches (1981 mm) in height measured from the top of the
threshold to the bottom of the stop. Other doors shall not be
required to comply with these minimum dimensions. Egress
doors shall be readily openable from inside the dwelling
without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.

R311.3 Eloors and landings at exterior doors. There shall
be a landing or floor on each side of each exterior door. The
width of each landing shall be not less than the door served.
Every landing shall have a dimension of not less than 36
inches (914 mm) measured in the direction of travel. The
slope at exterior landings shall not exceed V4 unit vertical in
12 units horizontal (2 percent).

Exception: Exterior balconies less than 60 square feet (5.6
m^) and only accessible from a door are permitted to have
a landing less than 36 inches (914 mm) measured in the
direction of travel.

R311.3.1 Floor elevations at the required egress doors.

Landings or finished floors at the required egress door
shall be not more than iVj inches (38 mm) lower than the
top of the threshold.

Exception: The landing or floor on the exterior side
shall be not more than 7% inches (196 mm) below the

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

top of the threshold provided the door does not swing
over the landing or floor.

Where exterior landings or floors serving the required
egress door are not at grade, they shall be provided with
access to grade by means of a ramp in accordance with
Section R311.8 or a stairway in accordance with Section
R311.7.

R311.3.2 Floor elevations for other exterior doors.

Doors other than the required egress door shall be pro-
vided with landings or floors not more than 7 V 4 inches
(196 mm) below the top of the threshold.

Exception: A top landing is not required where a stair-
way of not more than two risers is located on the exte-
rior side of the door, provided that the door does not
swing over the stairway.

R311.3.3 Storm and screen doors. Storm and screen
doors shall be permitted to swing over exterior stairs and
landings.

R311.4 Vertical egress. Egress from habitable levels includ-
ing habitable attics and basements not provided with an
egress door in accordance with Section R311.2 shall be by
one or more ramps in accordance with Section R3 1 1 .8 or one
or more stairways in accordance with Section R311.7 or
both. For habitable levels or basements located more than
one story above or more than one story below an egress door,
the maximum travel distance from any occupied point to a
stairway or ramp that provides egress from such habitable
level or basement, shall not exceed 50 feet (15 240 mm).

R311.5 Construction.

R311.5.1 Attachment. Exterior landings, decks, balco-
nies, stairs and similar facilities shall be positively
anchored to the primary structure to resist both vertical
and lateral forces or shall be designed to be self-support-
ing. Attachment shall not be accomplished by use of toe-
nails or nails subject to withdrawal.

R311.6 Hallways. The width of a hallway shall be not less
than 3 feet (914 mm).

R311.7 Stairways.

R311.7.1 Width. Stairways shall be not less than 36
inches (914 mm) in clear width at all points above the per-
mitted handrail height and below the required headroom
height. Handrails shall not project more than inches
(114 mm) on either side of the stairway and the clear
width of the stairway at and below the handrail height,
including treads and landings, shall be not less than 3 IV 2
inches (787 mm) where a handrail is installed on one side
and 27 inches (698 mm) where handrails are provided on
both sides.

Exception: The width of spiral stairways shall be in
accordance with Section R311.7.10.1.

R311.7.2 Headroom. The headroom in stairways shall be
not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) measured verti-
cally from the sloped line adjoining the tread nosing or

from the floor surface of the landing or platform on that
portion of the stairway.

Exceptions:

1 . Where the nosings of treads at the side of a flight
extend under the edge of a floor opening through
which the stair passes, the floor opening shall be
allowed to project horizontally into the required
headroom not more than 4% inches (121 mm).

2. The headroom for spiral stairways shall be in
accordance with Section R3 11.7.10.1.

R311.7.3 Vertical rise. A flight of stairs shall not have a
vertical rise larger than 147 inches (3734 mm) between |
floor levels or landings.

R311.7.4 Walkline. The walkline across winder treads
shall be concentric to the curved direction of travel
through the turn and located 12 inches (305 mm) from the
side where the winders are narrower. The 12-inch (305
mm) dimension shall be measured from the widest point
of the clear stair width at the walking surface of the
winder. If winders are adjacent within the flight, the point
of the widest clear stair width of the adjacent winders shall
be used.

R311.7.5 Stair treads and risers. Stair treads and risers
shall meet the requirements of this section. For the pur-
poses of this section, dimensions and dimensioned sur-
faces shall be exclusive of carpets, rugs or runners.

R311.7.5.1 Risers. The riser height shall be not more
than 7 V 4 inches (196 mm). The riser shall be measured
vertically between leading edges of the adjacent treads.
The greatest riser height within any flight of stairs shall
not exceed the smallest by more than Vg inch (9.5 mm).
Risers shall be vertical or sloped from the underside of
the nosing of the tread above at an angle not more than 30
degrees (0.5 1 rad) from the vertical. Open risers are per-
mitted provided that the openings located more than 30
inches (762 mm), as measured vertically, to the floor or
grade below do not permit the passage of a 4-inch-diam-
eter (102 mm) sphere.

Exceptions:

1. The opening between adjacent treads is not
limited on spiral stairways.

2. The riser height of spiral stairways shall be in
accordance with Section R3 11.7.10.1.

R311.7.5.2 Treads. The tread depth shall be not less
than 10 inches (254 mm). The tread depth shall be mea-
sured horizontally between the vertical planes of the
foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right
angle to the tread’s leading edge. The greatest tread
depth within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the
smallest by more than ^/g inch (9.5 mm).

R311.7.5.2.1 Winder treads. Winder treads shall
have a tread depth of not less than 10 inches (254
mm) measured between the vertical planes of the
foremost projection of adjacent treads at the intersec-

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

tions with the walkline. Winder treads shall have a
tread depth of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) at any
point within the clear width of the stair. Within any
flight of stairs, the largest winder tread depth at the
walkline shall not exceed the smallest winder tread
by more than Vg inch (9.5 mm). Consistently shaped
winders at the walkline shall be allowed within the
same flight of stairs as rectangular treads and do not
have to be within Vg inch (9.5 mm) of the rectangular
tread depth.

Exception: The tread depth at spiral stairways
shall be in accordance with Section R31 1.7.10.1.

R311.7.5.3 Nosings. The radius of curvature at the nos-
ing shall be not greater than inch (14 mm). A nosing
projection not less than % inch (19 mm) and not more
than 1 V4 inches (32 mm) shall be provided on stairways
with solid risers. The greatest nosing projection shall
not exceed the smallest nosing projection by more than
Vg inch (9.5 mm) between two stories, including the
nosing at the level of floors and landings. Beveling of
nosings shall not exceed Vj inch (12.7 mm).

Exception: A nosing projection is not required
where the tread depth is not less than 11 inches (279
mm).

R311.7.5.4 Exterior plastic composite stair treads.

Plastic composite exterior stair treads shall comply
with the provisions of this section and Section R507.3.

R311.7.6 Landings for stairways. There shall be a floor
or landing at the top and bottom of each stairway. The
width perpendicular to the direction of travel shall be not
less than the width of the flight served. Landings of shapes
other than square or rectangular shall be permitted pro-
vided that the depth at the walk line and the total area is
not less than that of a quarter circle with a radius equal to
the required landing width. Where the stairway has a
straight run, the depth in the direction of travel shall be not
less than 36 inches (914 mm).

Exception: A floor or landing is not required at the top
of an interior flight of stairs, including stairs in an
enclosed garage, provided that a door does not swing
over the stairs.

R311.7.7 Stairway walking surface. The walking surface
of treads and landings of stairways shall be sloped not
steeper than one unit vertical in 48 inches horizontal (2-per-
cent slope).

R311.7.8 Handrails. Handrails shall be provided on not
less than one side of each continuous run of treads or flight
with four or more risers.

R311.7.8.1 Height. Handrail height, measured verti-
cally from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing, or
finish surface of ramp slope, shall be not less than 34
inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm).

Exceptions:

1. The use of a volute, turnout or starting easing
shall be allowed over the lowest tread.

2. Where handrail fittings or bendings are used to
provide continuous transition between flights,
transitions at winder treads, the transition from
handrail to guard, or used at the start of a flight, |
the handrail height at the fittings or bendings
shall be permitted to exceed 38 inches (956
mm).

R311.7.8.2 Continuity. Handrails for stairways shall
be continuous for the full length of the flight, from a
point directly above the top riser of the flight to a point
directly above the lowest riser of the flight. Handrail
ends shall be returned or shall terminate in newel posts
or safety terminals. Handrails adjacent to a wall shall
have a space of not less than IV2 inches (38 mm)
between the wall and the handrails.

Exceptions:

1. Handrails shall be permitted to be interrupted
by a newel post at the turn.

2. The use of a volute, turnout, starting easing or
starting newel shall be allowed over the lowest
tread.

R311.7.8.3 Grip -size. Required handrails shall be of
one of the following types or provide equivalent grasp-
ability.

1. Type 1. Handrails with a circular cross section
shall have an outside diameter of not less than 1 V4
inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches (5 1
mm). If the handrail is not circular, it shall have a
perimeter dimension of not less than 4 inches (102
mm) and not greater than 6V4 inches (160 mm)
with a cross section of dimension of not more than
2V4 inches (57 mm). Edges shall have a radius of
not less than 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).

2. Type II. Handrails with a perimeter greater than
6V4 inches (160 mm) shall have a graspable finger
recess area on both sides of the profile. The finger
recess shall begin within a distance of V4 inch (19
mm) measured vertically from the tallest portion
of the profile and achieve a depth of not less than
^/jg inch (8 mm) within 7g inch (22 mm) below the
widest portion of the profile. This required depth
shall continue for not less than Vg inch (10 mm) to
a level that is not less than IV4 inches (45 mm)
below the tallest portion of the profile. The width
of the handrail above the recess shall be not less
than IV4 inches (32 mm) and not more than 2^/4
inches (70 mm). Edges shall have a radius of not
less than 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).

R311.7.8.4 Exterior plastic composite handrails.

Plastic composite exterior handrails shall comply with
the requirements of Section R507.3.

R311.7.9 Illumination. Stairways shall be provided with
illumination in accordance with Section R303.7.

R311.7.10 Special stairways. Spiral stairways and bulk-
head enclosure stairways shall comply with the require-
ments of Section R311.7 except as specified in Sections
R311.7.10.1 and R311.7.10.2.

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BUILDING PLANNING

R311.7.10.1 Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways are
permitted, provided that the clear width at and below
the handrail is not less than 26 inches (660 mm) and the
walkline radius is not greater than inches (622
mm). Each tread shall have a depth of not less than 6^/4
inches (171 mm) at the walkline. All treads shall be
identical, and the rise shall be not more than OVj inches
(241 mm). Headroom shall be not less than 6 feet 6
inches (1982 mm).

R311.7.10.2 Bulkhead enclosure stairways. Stair-
ways serving bulkhead enclosures, not part of the
required building egress, providing access from the out-
side grade level to the basement shall be exempt from
the requirements of Sections R311.3 and R311.7 where
the height from the basement finished floor level to
grade adjacent to the stairway is not more than 8 feet
(2438 mm) and the grade level opening to the stairway
is covered by a bulkhead enclosure with hinged doors
or other approved means.

R311.7.11 Alternating tread devices. Alternating tread
devices shall not be used as an element of a means of
egress. Alternating tread devices shall be permitted pro-
vided that the required means of egress stairway or ramp
serves the same space at each adjoining level or where a
means of egress is not required. The clear width at and
below the handrails shall be not less than 20 inches (508
mm).

R311.7.11.1 Treads of alternating tread devices.

Alternating tread devices shall have a tread depth of not
less than 5 inches (127 mm), a projected tread depth of
not less than 8 V 2 inches (216 mm), a tread width of not
less than 7 inches (178 mm) and a riser height of not
more than 9*4 inches (241 mm). The tread depth shall
be measured horizontally between the vertical planes of
the foremost projections of adjacent treads. The riser
height shall be measured vertically between the leading
edges of adjacent treads. The riser height and tread
depth provided shall result in an angle of ascent from
the horizontal of between 50 and 70 degrees (0.87 and
1.22 rad). The initial tread of the device shall begin at
the same elevation as the platform, landing or floor sur-
face.

R311.7.11.2 Handrails of alternating tread devices.

Handrails shall be provided on both sides of alternating
tread devices and shall comply with Sections
R3 11. 7.8.2 to R3 11. 7.8.4. Handrail height shall be uni-
form, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more
than 34 inches (864 mm).

R311.7.12 Ships ladders. Ships ladders shall not be used
as an element of a means of egress. Ships ladders shall be
permitted provided that a required means of egress stair-
way or ramp serves the same space at each adjoining
level or where a means of egress is not required. The
clear width at and below the handrails shall be not less
than 20 inches.

R311.7.12.1 Treads of ships ladders. Treads shall
have a depth of not less than 5 inches (127 mm). The

tread shall be projected such that the total of the tread
depth plus the nosing projection is not less than 8*4
inches (216 mm). The riser height shall be not more
than 9*4 inches (241 mm).

R311.7.12.2 Handrails of ships ladders. Handrails
shall be provided on both sides of ships ladders and
shall comply with Sections R3 11.7.8.2 to R311.7.8.4.
Handrail height shall be uniform, not less than 30
inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864
mm).

R311.8 Ramps.

R311.8.1 Maximum slope. Ramps serving the egress
door required by Section R31 1.2 shall have a slope of not
more than 1 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal ( 8 . 3 -per-
cent slope). All other ramps shall have a maximum slope
of 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal (12.5 percent).

Exception: Where it is technically infeasible to comply
because of site constraints, ramps shall have a slope of
not more than 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal (12.5
percent).

R311.8.2 Landings required. There shall be a floor or
landing at the top and bottom of each ramp, where doors
open onto ramps, and where ramps change directions. The
width of the landing perpendicular to the ramp slope shall
be not less than 36 inches (914 mm).

R31 1.8.3 Handrails required. Handrails shall be pro-
vided on not less than one side of ramps exceeding a slope
of one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.33-percent
slope).

R311.8.3.1 Height. Handrail height, measured above
the finished surface of the ramp slope, shall be not less
than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches
(965 mm).

R311.8.3.2 Grip size. Handrails on ramps shall comply
with Section R31 1.7.8.3.

R311.8.3.3 Continuity. Handrails where required on
ramps shall be continuous for the full length of the
ramp. Handrail ends shall be returned or shall terminate
in newel posts or safety terminals. Handrails adjacent
to a wall shall have a space of not less than 1 *4 inches
(38 mm) between the wall and the handrails.

SECTION R312

GUARDS AND WINDOW FALL PROTECTION

R312.1 Guards. Guards shall be provided in accordance with
Sections R312.1.1 through R312.1.4.

R312.1.1 Where required. Guards shall be located along
open-sided walking surfaces, including stairs, ramps and
landings, that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm)
measured vertically to the floor or grade below at any
point within 36 inches (914 mm) horizontally to the edge
of the open side. Insect screening shall not be considered
as a guard.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R312.1.2 Height. Required guards at open-sided walking
surfaces, including stairs, porches, balconies or landings,
shall be not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) in height as
measured vertically above the adjacent walking surface or
the line connecting the leading edges of the treads.

Exceptions:

1. Guards on the open sides of stairs shall have a
height not less than 34 inches (864 mm) mea-
sured vertically from a line connecting the lead-
ing edges of the treads.

2. Where the top of the guard serves as a handrail on
the open sides of stairs, the top of the guard shall be
not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than
38 inches (965 mm) as measured vertically from a
line connecting the leading edges of the treads.

R312.1.3 Opening limitations. Required guards shall not
have openings from the walking surface to the required
guard height that allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102
mm) in diameter.

Exceptions:

1 . The triangular openings at the open side of stair,
formed by the riser, tread and bottom rail of a
guard, shall not allow passage of a sphere 6
inches (153 mm) in diameter.

2. Guards on the open side of stairs shall not have
openings that allow passage of a sphere 4^/g
inches (111 mm) in diameter.

R312.1.4 Exterior plastic composite guards. Plastic
composite exterior guards shall comply with the require-
ments of Section R317.4.

R312.2 Window fall protection. Window fall protection
shall be provided in accordance with Sections R3 12.2.1 and
R312.2.2.

R312.2.1 Window sills. In dwelling units, where the top of
the sill of an operable window opening is located less than
24 inches (610 mm) above the finished floor and greater
than 72 inches (1829 mm) above the finished grade or
other surface below on the exterior of the building, the
operable window shall comply with one of the following:

1 . Operable windows with openings that will not allow
a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere to pass through
the opening where the opening is in its largest
opened position.

2. Operable windows that are provided with window fall
prevention devices that comply with ASTM F2090.

3. Operable windows that are provided with window
opening control devices that comply with Section
R312.2.2.

R312.2.2 Window opening control devices. Window
opening control devices shall comply with ASTM F2090.
The window opening control device, after operation to
release the control device allowing the window to fully
open, shall not reduce the net clear opening area of the win-
dow unit to less than the area required by Section R310.2.1.

SECTION R313

AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

R313.1 Townhouse automatic fire sprinkler systems. An

automatic residential fire sprinkler system shall be installed
in townhouses.

Exception: An automatic residential fire sprinkler system
shall not be required where additions or alterations are
made to existing townhouses that do not have an auto-
matic residential fire sprinkler system installed.

R313.1.1 Design and installation. Automatic residential
fire sprinkler systems for townhouses shall be designed and
installed in accordance with Section R313.3 orNFPA 13D.

R313.2 One- and two-family dwellings automatic fire sys-
tems. An automatic residential fire sprinkler system shall be
installed in one- and two-family dwellings.

Exception: An automatic residential fire sprinkler system
shall not be required for additions or alterations to existing
buildings that are not already provided with an automatic
residential sprinkler system.

R313.2.1 Design and installation. Automatic residential
fire sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in
accordance with Section R313.3 or NFPA 13D.

R313.3 Dwelling unit fire sprinkler systems.

R313.3.1 General. The design and installation of residen-
tial fire sprinkler systems shall be in accordance with
NFPA 13D or Section R313.3, which shall be considered
equivalent to NFPA 13D. Partial residential sprinkler sys-
tems shall be permitted to be installed only in buildings
not required to be equipped with a residential sprinkler
system. Section R313.3 shall apply to stand-alone and
multipurpose wet-pipe sprinkler systems that do not
include the use of antifreeze. A multipurpose fire sprinkler
system shall supply domestic water to both fire sprinklers
and plumbing fixtures. A stand-alone sprinkler system
shall be separate and independent from the water distribu-
tion system.

R313.3.1.1 Backflow protection. A backflow preventer
shall not be required to separate a sprinkler system
from the water distribution system, provided that:

1. The system complies with NFPA 13D or Section
R313;

2. Piping materials are suitable for potable water in
accordance with the California Plumbing Code;
and

3. The system does not contain antifreeze or have a
fire department connection.

R313.3.1.2 Required sprinkler locations. Sprinklers
shall be installed to protect all areas of a dwelling unit.

Exceptions:

1 . Attics, crawl spaces and normally unoccupied
concealed spaces that do not contain fuel-fired
appliances do not require sprinklers. In attics,
crawl spaces and normally unoccupied con-
cealed spaces that contain fuel-fired equip-
ment, a sprinkler shall be installed above the

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

equipment; however, sprinklers shall not he
required in the remainder of the space.

2. Clothes closets, linen closets and pantries not
exceeding 24 square feet (2.2 m^) in area, with
the smallest dimension not greater than 3 feet
(915 mm) and having wall and ceiling sur-
faces of gypsum board.

3. Bathrooms not more than 55 square feet (5.1
m^) in area.

4. Detached garages; carports with no habitable
space above; open attached porches; unheated
entry areas, such as mud rooms, that are adja-
cent to an exterior door; and similar areas.

R313.3.2 Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be new listed resi-
dential sprinklers and shall be installed in accordance with
the sprinkler manufacturer’s installation instructions.

R313.3.2.1 Temperature rating and separation from
heat sources. Except as provided for in Section
R313. 3.2.2, sprinklers shall have a temperature rating
of not less than 135°F (57°C) and not more than 170°F
(77°C). Sprinklers shall be separated from heat sources
as required by the sprinkler manufacturer’ s installation
instructions.

R313.3.2.2 Intermediate temperature sprinklers.

Sprinklers shall have an intermediate temperature rat-
ing not less than 175°F (79°C) and not more than
225°F (107°C) where installed in the following loca-
tions:

1. Directly under skylights, where the sprinkler is
exposed to direct sunlight.

2. In attics.

3. In concealed spaces located directly beneath a
roof.

4. Within the distance to a heat source as specified
in Table R313.3.2.2.

R313.3.2.3 Freezing areas. Piping shall be protected
from freezing as required by the California Plumbing
Code. Where sprinklers are required in areas that are
subject to freezing, dry-sidewall or dry-pendent sprin-
klers extending from a nonfreezing area into a freez-
ing area shall be installed. Where fire sprinkler piping
cannot be adequately protected against freezing, the
system shall be designed and installed in accordance
with NFPA 13D.

R313.3.2.4 Sprinkler coverage. Sprinkler coverage
requirements and sprinkler obstruction requirements
shall be in accordance with Sections R313. 3.2.4. 1 and
R313.3.2.4.2.

R313.3.2.4.1 Coverage area limit. The area of cov-
erage of a single sprinkler shall not exceed 400
square feet (37 m^) and shall be based on the
sprinkler listing and the sprinkler manufacturer’ s
installation instructions.

TABLE R313.3.2.2

LOCATIONS WHERE INTERMEDIATE
TEMPERATURE SPRINKLERS ARE REQUIRED

HEAT

SOURCE

RANGE OF DISTANCE FROM
HEAT SOURCE WITHIN
WHICH INTERMEDIATE
TEMPERATURE
SPRINKLERS ARE
REQUIRED''" (Inches)

Fireplace, side of open or recessed fireplace

12 to 36

Fireplace, front of recessed fireplace

36 to 60

Coal and wood burning stove

12 to 42

Kitchen range top

9 to 18

Oven

9 to 18

Vent connector or chimney connector

9 to 18

Heating duct, not insulated

9 to 18

Hot water pipe, not insulated

6 to 12

Side of ceiling or wall warm air register

12 to 24

Front of wall mounted warm air register

18 to 36

Water heater, furnace or boiler

3 to 6

Luminaire up to 250 watts

3 to 6

Luminaire 250 watts up to 499 watts

6 to 12

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Sprinklers shall not be located at distances less than the minimum table
distance unless the sprinkler listing allows a lesser distance.

b. Distances shall be measured in a straight line from the nearest edge of the
heat source to the nearest edge of the sprinkler.

R313.3.2.4.2 Obstructions to coverage. Sprinkler
discharge shall not be blocked by obstructions
unless additional sprinklers are installed to protect
the obstructed area. Additional sprinklers shall not
be required where the sprinkler separation from
obstructions complies with either the minimum dis-
tance indicated in Figure R313.3.2.4.2 or the mini-
mum distances specified in the sprinkler
manufacturer’s instructions where the manufac-
turer’s instructions permit a lesser distance.

R313.3.2.4.2.1 Additional requirements for
pendent sprinklers. Pendent sprinklers within 3
feet (915 mm) of the center of a ceiling fan, sur-
face- mounted ceiling luminaire or similar object
shall be considered to be obstructed, and addi-
tional sprinklers shall be installed.

R313.3.2.4.2.2 Additional requirements for
sidewall sprinklers. Sidewall sprinklers within 5
feet (1524 mm) of the center of a ceiling fan, sur-
face- mounted ceiling luminaire or similar object
shall be considered to be obstructed, and addi-
tional sprinklers shall be installed.

R313.3.2.5 Sprinkler installation on systems assem-
bled with solvent cement. The solvent cementing of
threaded adapter fittings shall be completed and
threaded adapters for sprinklers shall be verified as

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

being clear of excess cement prior to the installation of
sprinklers on systems assembled with solvent cement.

R313.3.2.6 Sprinkler modifications prohibited.

Painting, caulking or modifying of sprinklers shall be
prohibited. Sprinklers that have been painted, caulked,
modified or damaged shall be replaced with new sprin-
klers.

R313.3.3 Sprinkler piping system. Sprinkler piping shall
be supported in accordance with the requirements for cold
water distribution piping. Sprinkler piping shall comply
with all requirements for cold water distribution piping.
For multipurpose piping systems, the sprinkler piping
shall connect to and be a part of the cold water distribution
piping system.

Exception: For plastic piping, it shall be permissible to
follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

R313.3.3.1 Nonmetallic pipe and tnbing. Nonmetallic
pipe and tubing, such as CPVC, PEX, and PE-RT shall
be listed for use in residential fire sprinkler systems.

R313.3.3.1.1 Nonmetallic pipe protection. Nonme-
tallic pipe and tubing systems shall be protected
from exposure to the living space by a layer of not
less than % inch (9.5 mm) thick gypsum wallboard,
Vj inch thick plywood (13 mm), or other material
having a 15 minute fire rating.

Exceptions:

1 . Pipe protection shall not be required in areas
that do not require protection with sprinklers
as specified in Section R313.3.1.2.

2. Pipe protection shall not be required
where exposed piping is permitted by the
pipe listing.

R313.3.3.2 Shutoff valves prohibited. With the excep-
tion of shutoff valves for the entire water distribution
system, valves shall not be installed in any location
where the valve would isolate piping serving one or
more sprinklers.

R313.3.3.3 Single dwelling limit. Piping beyond the ser-
vice valve located at the beginning of the water distribu-
tion system shall not serve more than one dwelling.

R313.3.3.4 Drain. A means to drain the sprinkler sys-
tem shall be provided on the system side of the water
distribution shutoff valve.

R313.3.4 Determining system design flow. The flow for
sizing the sprinkler piping system shall be based on the
flow rating of each sprinkler in accordance with Section
R313.3.4.1 and the calculation in accordance with Section
R313.3.4.2.

R313.3.4.1 Determining required flow rate for each
sprinkler. The minimum required flow for each sprin-
kler shall be determined using the sprinkler manufac-
turer’s published data for the specific sprinkler model
based on all of the following:

1 . The area of coverage.

2. The ceiling configuration.

3. The temperature rating.

4. Any additional conditions specified by the sprin-
kler manufacturer.

R313. 3.4.2 System design flow rate. The design flow
rate for the system shall be based on the following:

1 . The design flow rate for a room having only one
sprinkler shall be the flow rate required for that
sprinkler, as determined by Section R3 13. 3. 4.1.

2. The design flow rate for a room having two or
more sprinklers a shall be determined by identify-
ing the sprinkler in that room with the highest
required flow rate, based on Section R313. 3.4.1,
and multiplying that flow rate by 2.

3. Where the sprinkler manufacturer specifies dif-
ferent criteria for ceiling configurations that are
not smooth, flat and horizontal, the required flow
rate for that room shall comply with the sprinkler
manufacturer’s instructions.

4. The design flow rate for the sprinkler system
shall be the flow required by the room with the
largest flow rate, based on Items 1, 2 and 3.

5. For the purpose of this section, it shall be permis-
sible to reduce the design flow rate for a room by
subdividing the space into two or more rooms,
where each room is evaluated separately with
respect to the required design flow rate. Each
room shall be bounded by walls and a ceiling.
Openings in walls shall have a lintel not less than
8 inches (203 mm) in depth and each lintel shall
form a solid barrier between the ceiling and the
top of the opening.

R3I3.3.5 Water supply. The water supply shall provide
not less than the required design flow rate for sprinklers in
accordance with Section R313. 3.4.2 at a pressure not less
than that used to comply with Section R313.3.6. Where a
water supply serves both domestic and fire sprinkler sys-
tems, 5 gpm ( 19 L/min) shall be added to the sprinkler sys-
tem demand at the point where the systems are connected,
to determine the size of common piping and the size of the
total water supply requirements where no provision is
made to prevent flow into the domestic water system upon
operation of a sprinkler.

R313.3.5.1 Water supply from individual sources.

Where a dwelling unit water supply is from a tank sys-
tem, a private well system, a pump, or a combination of
these, the available water supply shall be based on the
minimum pressure control setting for the pump.

R313.3.5.2 Required capacity. The water supply shall
have the capacity to provide the required design flow
rate for sprinklers for a period of time as follows:

1. Seven minutes for dwelling units one story in
height and less than 2,000 square feet (186 m^) in
area. For the purpose of determining the area of
the dwelling unit, the area of attached garages
and attached open carports, porches, balconies
and patios shall not be included.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

PENDANT SPRINKLER TO SIDE OBSTRUC

W R W M

TION

OBSTRUCTION

CEILING

sprinkler'"^

DEFLECTOR

ihA

4 B ►

WHERE “A” IS
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO:
(INCHES)

“B" MUST BE NOT
LESS THAN:
(FEET)

r/2

4V2

ey2

SIDEWALL SPRINKLER TO SIDE OBSTRUC

N N M

TION

OBSTRUCTION

CEILING r

X ® ^A

.BPRINKI PR 1 T

DEFLECTOR L p -

WHERE “A” IS
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO:
(INCHES)

“B" MUST BE NOT
LESS THAN:
(FEET)

r/2

4V2

ey2

SID

OBSTRUCTION

EWALL SPRINKLER TO FORWARD OB!

SPRINKLER

1 M WTM

3TRUCTION

— ?

CEILING j

r ^

WHERE “A” IS
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO:
(INCHES)

“B" MUST BE NOT
LESS THAN:
(FEET)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R313.3.2.4.2

MINIMUM ALLOWABLE DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRINKLER AND OBSTRUCTION

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

2. Ten minutes for dwelling units two or more stories
in height or equal to or greater than 2,000 square
feet (186 m^) in area. For the purpose of determin-
ing the area of the dwelling unit, the area of
attached garages and attached open carports,
porches, balconies, and patios shall not be
included.

Where a well system, a water supply tank system, a
pump, or a combination thereof, is used, the water sup-
ply shall serve both domestic and fire sprinkler sys-
tems. Any combination of well capacity and tank
storage shall be permitted to meet the capacity require-
ment.

R313.3.5.3 Connections to automatic fire sprinkler
systems. The potable water supply to automatic fire
sprinkler shall be protected against backflow by a dou-
ble check backflow prevention assembly, a double
check fire protection backflow prevention assembly, a
reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assem-
bly or a reduced pressure principle fire protection back-
flow prevention assembly.

Exception: Where permitted by Section R3 13. 3. 1.1,
backflow protection for the water supply system
shall not be required.

R313.3.5.3.1 Additives or nonpotable source.

Where systems contain chemical additives or anti-
freeze, or where systems are connected to a nonpota-
ble secondary water supply, the potable water
supply shall be protected against backflow by a
reduced pressure principle backflow prevention
assembly or a reduced pressure principle fire protec-
tion backflow prevention assembly. Where chemical
additives or antifreeze is added to only a portion of
an automatic fire sprinkler or standpipe system, the
reduced pressure principle fire protection backflow
preventer shall be permitted to be located so as to
isolate that portion of the system.

R313.3.6 Pipe sizing. The piping to sprinklers shall be
sized for the flow required by Section R313. 3.4.2. The
flow required to supply the plumbing fixtures shall not be
required to be added to the sprinkler design flow.

R313.3.6.1 Method of sizing pipe. Piping supplying
sprinklers shall be sized using the prescriptive method
in Section R313.3.6.2 or by hydraulic calculation in
accordance with NFPA 13D. The minimum pipe size
from the water supply source to any sprinkler shall be
% inch (19 mm) nominal. Threaded adapter fittings at
the point where sprinklers are attached to the piping
shall be a minimum of Vj inch (13 mm) nominal.

R313.3.6.2 Prescriptive pipe sizing method. Pipe
shall be sized by determining the available pressure to
offset friction loss in piping and identifying a piping
material, diameter and length using the equation in Sec-
tion R313. 3.6.2. 1 and the procedure in Section
R313.3.6.2.2.

R313.3.6.2.1 Available pressure equation. The

pressure available to offset friction loss in the inte-
rior piping system (P,) shall be determined in accor-
dance with the Equation 29- 1 .

P, = P,„,-PL,,-PL-PL,-PL-P,^

(Equation 29-1)

where;

P, = Pressure used in applying Tables
R3 13.3.6.2(4) through R3 13. 3. 6.2(9).

Psup- Pressure available from the water supply
source.

= Pressure loss in the water-service pipe.

PL„, = Pressure loss in the water meter.

PL^ = Pressure loss from devices other than the
water meter.

PL^ = Pressure loss associated with changes in
elevation.

P^^ = Maximum pressure required by a sprinkler.

R313.3.6.2.2 Calculation procedure. Determina-
tion of the required size for water distribution piping
shall be in accordance with the following procedure:

Step 1 - Determine

Obtain the static supply pressure that will be avail-
able from the water main from the water purveyor,
or for an individual source, the available supply
pressure shall be in accordance with Section
R3 13.3.5.1.

Step 2 - Determine PL^„^

Use Table R313.3.6.2(l) to determine the pressure
loss in the water service pipe based on the selected
size of the water service.

Step 3 - Determine PL^

Use Table R313.3.6.2(2) to determine the pressure
loss from the water meter, based on the selected
water meter size.

Step 4 - Determine PL^

Determine the pressure loss from devices other
than the water meter installed in the piping system
supplying sprinklers, such as pressure-reducing
valves, backflow preventers, water softeners or
water filters. Device pressure losses shall be based
on the device manufacturer’s specifications. The
flow rate used to determine pressure loss shall be
the rate from Section R313.3.4.2, except that 5 gpm
(0.3 L/S) shall be added where the device is
installed in a water-service pipe that supplies more
than one dwelling. As alternative to deducting
pressure loss for a device, an automatic bypass
valve shall be installed to divert flow around the
device when a sprinkler activates.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

Step 5 - Determine PL^

Use Table R313.3.6.2(3) to determine the pressure
loss associated with changes in elevation. The eleva-
tion used in applying the table shall he the difference
between the elevation where the water source pres-
sure was measured and the elevation of the highest
sprinkler.

Step 6 - Determine

Determine the maximum pressure required by any
individual sprinkler based on the flow rate from Sec-
tion R313.3.4.1 . The required pressure is provided in
the sprinkler manufacturer’s published data for the
specific sprinkler model based on the selected flow
rate.

Step 7 - Calculate P,

Using Equation 29-1, calculate the pressure avail-
able to offset friction loss in water-distribution pip-
ing between the service valve and the sprinklers.

Step 8 - Determine the maximum allowable pipe
length

Use Tables R313.3.6.2(4) through R313.3.6.2(9) to
select a material and size for water distribution pip-
ing. The piping material and size shall be acceptable
if the developed length of pipe between the service
valve and the most remote sprinkler does not exceed
the maximum allowable length specified by the
applicable table. Interpolation of P, between the tab-
ular values shall be permitted.

The maximum allowable length of piping in
Tables R313.3.6.2(4) through R313.3.6.2(9) incor-
porates an adjustment for pipe fittings, and no addi-
tional consideration of friction losses associated
with pipe fittings shall be required.

R313.3.7 Instructions and signs. An owner’s manual
for the fire sprinkler system shall be provided to the
owner. A sign or valve tag shall be installed at the main
shutoff valve to the water distribution system stating the
following: “Warning, the water system for this home
supplies fire sprinklers that require certain flows and
pressures to fight a fire. Devices that restrict the flow or
decrease the pressure or automatically shut off the water
to the fire sprinkler system, such as water softeners, fil-
tration systems and automatic shutoff valves, shall not be
added to this system without a review of the fire sprin-
kler system by a fire protection specialist. Do not remove
this sign.’’

R3I3.3.8 Inspections. The water distribution system shall
be inspected in accordance with Sections R313.3.8.1 and
R313.3.8.2.

R313.3.8.1 Preconcealment inspection. The following
items shall be verified prior to the concealment of any
sprinkler system piping:

1 . Sprinklers are installed in all areas as required by
Section R313.3.1.2.

2. Where sprinkler water spray patterns are
obstructed by construction features, luminaires or
ceiling fans, additional sprinklers are installed as
required by Section R313.3.2.4.2.

3. Sprinklers are the correct temperature rating and
are installed at or beyond the required separation
distances from heat sources as required by Sec-
tions R313. 3.2.1 and R313. 3.2.2.

4. The pipe size equals or exceeds the size used in
applying Tables R313.3.6.2(4) through
R313.3.6.2(9) or, if the piping system was
hydraulically calculated in accordance with Sec-
tion R313.3.6.1, the size used in the hydraulic
calculation.

5. The pipe length does not exceed the length per-
mitted by Tables R313.3.6.2(4) through
R313.3.6.2(9) or, if the piping system was
hydraulically calculated in accordance with Sec-
tion R313. 3.6.1, pipe lengths and fittings do not
exceed those used in the hydraulic calculation.

6. Nonmetallic piping that conveys water to sprin-
klers is listed for use with fire sprinklers.

7. Piping is supported in accordance with the pipe
manufacturer’s and sprinkler manufacturer’s
installation instructions.

8. The piping system is tested in accordance with
the California Plumbing Code.

R313.3.8.2 Final inspection. The following items shall
be verified upon completion of the system:

1 . Sprinkler are not painted, damaged or otherwise
hindered from operation.

2. Where a pump is required to provide water to the
system, the pump starts automatically upon sys-
tem water demand.

3. Pressure-reducing valves, water softeners, water
filters or other impairments to water flow that
were not part of the original design have not been
installed.

4. The sign or valve tag required by Section
R3 13.3.7 is installed and the owner’s manual for

the system is present.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R313.3.6.2(1)
WATER SERVICE PRESSURE LOSS

FLOW

RATE'

(gpm)

VINCH water service pressure loss

(psi)

1-INCH WATER SERVICE PRESSURE LOSS
(psi)

IV 4 -INCH WATER SERVICE PRESSURE
LOSS (psi)

Length of water service pipe (feet)

40 or less

41 to 75

76 to 100

101 to 150

40 or less

41 to 75

76 to 100

101 to 150

40 or less

41 to 75

76 to 100

101 to 150

5.1

8.7

11.8

17.4

1.5

2.5

3.4

5.1

0.6

1.0

1.3

1.9

7.7

13.1

17.8

26.3

2.3

3.8

5.2

7.7

0.8

1.4

2.0

2.9

10.8

18.4

24.9

3.2

5.4

7.3

10.7

1.2

2.0

2.7

4.0

14.4

24.5

4.2

7.1

9.6

14.3

1.6

2.7

3.6

5.4

18.4

5.4

9.1

12.4

18.3

2.0

3.4

4.7

6.9

22.9

6.7

11.4

15.4

22.7

2.5

4.3

5.8

8.6

27.8

8.1

13.8

18.7

27.6

3.1

5.2

7.0

10.4

9.7

16.5

22.3

3.7

6.2

8.4

12.4

11.4

19.3

26.2

4.3

7.3

9.9

14.6

13.2

22.4

5.0

8.5

11.4

16.9

15.1

25.7

5.7

9.7

13.1

19.4

17.2

6.5

11.0

14.9

22.0

19.4

7.3

12.4

16.8

24.8

21.7

8.2

13.9

18.8

24.1

9.1

15.4

20.9

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 0.063 L/s, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

NP — Not permitted. Pressure loss exceeds reasonable limits.

a. Values are applicable for underground piping materials listed in the California Plumbing Code and are based on an SDR of 1 1 and a Hazen Williams C Factor
of 150.

b. Values include the following length allowances for fittings: 25% length increase for actual lengths up to 100 feet and 15% length increase for actual lengths
over 100 feet.

c. Flow rate from Section R313. 3.4.2. Add 5 gpm to the flow rate required by Section R313. 3.4.2 where the water-service pipe supplies more than one dwelling.

TABLE R313.3.6.2(2)

MINIMUM WATER METER PRESSURE LOSS {PLJ^

FLOW RATE

(gallons per minute, gpm)"

%-INCH METER PRESSURE LOSS
(pounds per square inch, psi)

V 4 -INCH METER PRESSURE LESS
(pounds per square inch, psi)

1-INCH METER PRESSURE LOSS
(pounds per square inch, psi)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 0.063 L/s.

NP — Not permitted unless the actual water meter pressure loss is known.

a. Table R313.3.6.2(2) establishes conservative values for water meter pressure loss or installations where the water meter loss is unknown. Where the actual
water meter pressure loss is known, shall be the actual loss.

b. Flow rate from Section R313. 3.4.2. Add 5 gpm to the flow rate required by Section R313. 3.4.2 where the water-service pipe supplies more than one dwelling.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R313.3.6.2(3)
ELEVATION LOSS (PLJ

ELEVATION (feet)

PRESSURE LOSS (psi)

2.2

4.4

6.5

8.7

10.9

15.2

17.4

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

TABLE R313.3.6.2(4)

ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR %-INCH TYPE M COPPER WATER TUBING

SPRINKLER

WATER

AVAILABLE PRESSURE P,(psl)

FLOW RATE®

DISTRIBUTION

(gpm)

SIZE (Inch)

Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) |

217

289

361

434

506

578

650

723

795

867

174

232

291

349

407

465

523

581

639

697

143

191

239

287

335

383

430

478

526

574

120

160

200

241

281

321

361

401

441

481

102

137

171

205

239

273

307

341

375

410

118

147

177

206

235

265

294

324

353

103

128

154

180

205

231

257

282

308

113

136

158

181

203

226

248

271

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

241

108

125

143

161

179

197

215

113

129

145

161

177

193

102

117

131

146

160

175

106

119

133

146

159

109

121

133

145

100

111

122

133

102

113

123

104

114

105

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 0.963 L/s.

NP — Not permitted

a. Flow rate from Section R3I33.4.2.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R313.3.6.2(5)

ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 1-INCH TYPE M COPPER WATER TUBING

SPRINKLER
FLOW RATE*
(gpm)

WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SIZE (inch)

AVAILABLE PRESSURE P,(psl)

Allowable length of pipe from service vaive to farthest sprinkler (feet)

806

1075

1343

1612

1881

2149

2418

2687

2955

3224

648

864

1080

1296

1512

1728

1945

2161

2377

2593

533

711

889

1067

1245

1422

1600

1778

1956

2134

447

586

745

894

1043

1192

1341

1491

1640

1789

381

508

634

761

888

1015

1142

1269

1396

1523

328

438

547

657

766

875

985

1094

1204

1313

286

382

477

572

668

763

859

954

1049

1145

252

336

420

504

588

672

756

840

924

1008

224

298

373

447

522

596

671

745

820

894

200

266

333

400

466

533

600

666

733

799

180

240

300

360

420

479

539

599

659

719

163

217

271

325

380

434

488

542

597

651

148

197

247

296

345

395

444

493

543

592

135

180

225

270

315

360

406

451

496

541

124

165

207

248

289

331

372

413

455

496

114

152

190

228

267

305

343

381

419

457

106

141

176

211

246

282

317

352

387

422

131

163

196

228

261

294

326

359

392

121

152

182

212

243

273

304

334

364

113

142

170

198

226

255

283

311

340

106

132

159

185

212

238

265

291

318

124

149

174

198

223

248

273

298

116

140

163

186

210

233

256

280

110

132

153

175

197

219

241

263

103

124

145

165

186

207

227

248

117

137

156

176

195

215

234

111

129

148

166

185

203

222

105

123

140

158

175

193

210

100

116

133

150

166

183

199

111

126

142

158

174

190

105

120

135

150

165

181

100

115

129

143

158

172

109

123

137

150

164

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 0.963 L/s.
a. Flow rate from Section R3 13.3.4.2.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R313.3.6.2(6)

ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR %-INCH CPVC PIPE

SPRINKLER
FLOW RATE“
(gpm)

WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SIZE (Inch)

AVAILABLE PRESSURE P,(psl)

Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet)

348

465

581

697

813

929

1045

1161

1278

1394

280

374

467

560

654

747

841

934

1027

1121

231

307

384

461

538

615

692

769

845

922

193

258

322

387

451

515

580

644

709

773

165

219

274

329

384

439

494

549

603

658

142

189

237

284

331

378

426

473

520

568

124

165

206

247

289

330

371

412

454

495

109

145

182

218

254

290

327

363

399

436

129

161

193

226

258

290

322

354

387

115

144

173

202

230

259

288

317

346

104

130

155

181

207

233

259

285

311

117

141

164

188

211

234

258

281

107

128

149

171

192

213

235

256

117

136

156

175

195

214

234

107

125

143

161

179

197

214

115

132

148

165

181

198

107

122

137

152

167

183

113

127

141

155

169

105

118

131

144

157

110

122

135

147

103

114

126

137

107

118

129

101

111

121

104

114

107

101

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 0.963 L/s.
a. Flow rate from Section RSI 33.4.2.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R313.3.6.2(7)

ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 1-INCH CPVC PIPE

SPRINKLER
FLOW RATE=
(gpm)

WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SIZE (Inch)

AVAILABLE PRESSURE P,(psi)

Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet)

1049

1398

1748

2098

2447

2797

3146

3496

3845

4195

843

1125

1406

1687

1968

2249

2530

2811

3093

3374

694

925

1157

1388

1619

1851

2082

2314

2545

2776

582

776

970

1164

1358

1552

1746

1940

2133

2327

495

660

826

991

1156

1321

1486

1651

1816

1981

427

570

712

854

997

1139

1281

1424

1566

1709

372

497

621

745

869

993

1117

1241

1366

1490

328

437

546

656

765

874

983

1093

1202

1311

291

388

485

582

679

776

873

970

1067

1164

260

347

433

520

607

693

780

867

954

1040

234

312

390

468

546

624

702

780

858

936

212

282

353

423

494

565

635

706

776

847

193

257

321

385

449

513

578

642

706

770

176

235

293

352

410

469

528

586

645

704

161

215

269

323

377

430

484

538

592

646

149

198

248

297

347

396

446

496

545

595

137

183

229

275

321

366

412

458

504

550

127

170

212

255

297

340

382

425

467

510

118

158

197

237

276

316

355

395

434

474

111

147

184

221

258

295

332

368

405

442

103

138

172

207

241

275

310

344

379

413

129

161

194

226

258

290

323

355

387

121

152

182

212

242

273

303

333

364

114

143

171

200

228

257

285

314

342

108

134

161

188

215

242

269

296

323

102

127

152

178

203

229

254

280

305

120

144

168

192

216

240

265

289

114

137

160

182

205

228

251

273

108

130

151

173

195

216

238

260

103

123

144

165

185

206

226

247

117

137

157

176

196

215

235

112

131

149

168

187

205

224

107

125

142

160

178

196

214

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 0.963 L/s.
a. Flow rate from Section R313.3.4.2.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

ALLOWABLE F

SPRINKLER

WATER

FLOW RATE=
(gpm)

DISTRIBUTION
SIZE (inch)

123

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound pe

NP — Not permitted.

a. Flow rate from Section R313. 3.4.2.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R313.3.6.2(8)

'IPE LENGTH FOR %-INCH PEX AND PE-RT TUBING

AVAILABLE PRESSURE P,(psl)

Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet)

154

185

216

247

278

309

339

370

124

149

174

199

223

248

273

298

102

123

143

163

184

204

225

245

103

120

137

154

171

188

205

102

117

131

146

160

175

101

113

126

138

151

110

121

132

106

116

103

r square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 0.963 L/s.

BUILDING PLANNING

TABLE R313.3.6.2(9)

ALLOWABLE PIPE LENGTH FOR 1-INCH PEX AND PE-RT TUBING

SPRINKLER

WATER

AVAILABLE PRESSURE P,(PS')

FLOW RATE“

DISTRIBUTION

60 1

(gpm)

SIZE (Inch)

Allowable length of pipe from service valve to farthest sprinkler (feet) |

314

418

523

628

732

837

941

1046

1151

1255

252

336

421

505

589

673

757

841

925

1009

208

277

346

415

485

554

623

692

761

831

174

232

290

348

406

464

522

580

638

696

148

msm

296

346

395

445

494

543

593

128

msm

256

298

341

383

426

469

511

111

149

186

223

260

297

334

371

409

446

131

163

196

229

262

294

327

360

392

116

145

174

203

232

261

290

319

348

104

130

156

182

208

233

259

285

311

117

140

163

187

210

233

257

280

106

127

148

169

190

211

232

253

115

134

154

173

192

211

230

105

123

140

158

175

193

211

113

129

145

161

177

193

104

119

133

148

163

178

110

123

137

151

164

102

114

127

140

152

106

118

130

142

110

121

132

103

113

124

106

116

100

109

102

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 gallon per minute = 0.963 L/s.
a. Flow rate from Section RSI 33.4.2.

SECTION R314
SMOKE ALARMS

R314.1 General. Smoke alarms shall comply with NFPA 72
and Section R314.

R314.1.1 Listings. Smoke alarms shall he listed in accor-
dance with UL 217. Combination smoke and carbon mon-
oxide alarms shall be listed in accordance with UL 217
and UL 2034. Systems and components shall be California
State Fire Marshal listed and approved in accordance
with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1
for the purpose for which they are installed.

R314.2 Where required. Smoke alarms shall be provided in
accordance with this section.

R314.2.1 New construction. Smoke alarms shall be pro-
vided in dwelling units.

R3 14.2.2 Alterations, repairs and additions. Where
alterations, repairs or additions requiring a permit occur,
or where one or more sleeping rooms are added or created
in existing dwellings, the individual dwelling unit shall be
equipped with smoke alarms located as required for new
dwellings.

Exception: See Section R314.6.

R314.3 Location. Smoke alarms shall be installed in the fol-
lowing locations:

1 . In each sleeping room.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

2. Outside each separate sleeping area in the immediate
vicinity of the bedrooms.

3. On each additional story of the dwelling, including
basements and habitable attics and not including crawl
spaces and uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwell-
ing units with split levels and without an intervening
door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm
installed on the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent
lower level provided that the lower level is less than
one full story below the upper level.

4. Smoke alarms shall be installed not less than 3 feet
(914 mm) horizontally from the door or opening of a
bathroom that contains a bathtub or shower unless this
would prevent placement of a smoke alarm required by
Section R314.3.

See Section R314.3.3 for specific location requirements.

R314.3.1 Installation near cooking appliances. See Sec-
tion R314.3.3 for specific location requirements.

R314.3.2 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be tested
and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Smoke alarms that no longer function shall
be replaced.

R314.3.3 Specific location requirements.

Extract from NFPA 72 Section 29.8.3.4 Specific Location
Requirements. *

This extract has been provided by NFPA as amended
by the Office of the State Fire Marshal and adopted by ref-
erence as follows:

29.8.3.4 Specific location requirements. The installation
of smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall comply with
the following requirements:

(1) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
located where ambient conditions, including humidity
and temperature, are outside the limits specified by
the manufacturer's published instructions.

(2) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
located within unfinished attics or garages or in other
spaces where temperatures can fall below 40°F (4°C)
or exceed 100°F (38°C).

(3) Where the mounting surface could become consider-
ably warmer or cooler than the room, such as a
poorly insulated ceiling below an unfinished attic or
an exterior wall, smoke alarms and smoke detectors
shall be mounted on an inside wall.

(4) Smoke alarms or smoke detectors shall be installed a
minimum of 20 feet horizontal distance from a perma-
nently installed cooking appliance.

Exception: Ionization smoke alarms with an alarm-
silencing switch or Photoelectric smoke alarms
shall be permitted to be installed 10 feet (3 m) or
greater from a permanently installed cooking appli-
ance.

Photoelectric smoke alarms shall be permitted to
be installed greater than 6 feet (1.8 m) from a per-
manently installed cooking appliance where the

kitchen or cooking area and adjacent spaces have
no clear interior partitions and the 10 ft distances
would prohibit the placement of a smoke alarm or
smoke detector required by other sections of the
code. Smoke alarms listed for use in close proximity
to a permanently installed cooking appliance.

(5) Installation near bathrooms. Smoke alarms shall be
installed not less than a 3 foot (0.91 m) horizontal dis-
tance from the door or opening of a bathroom that
contains a bathtub or shower unless this would pre-
vent placement of a smoke alarm required by other
sections of the code.

(6) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
installed within a 36 in. (910 mm) horizontal path
from the supply registers of a forced air heating or
cooling system and shall be installed outside of the
direct airflow from those registers.

(7) Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall not be
installed within a 36 in. (910 mm) horizontal path
from the tip of the blade of a ceiling-suspended (pad-
dle) fan.

(8) Where stairs lead to other occupied levels, a smoke
alarm or smoke detector shall be located so that
smoke rising in the stairway cannot be prevented from
reaching the smoke alarm or smoke detector by an
intervening door or obstruction.

(9) For stairways leading up from a basement, smoke
alarms or smoke detectors shall be located on the
basement ceiling near the entry to the stairs.

(10) For tray-shaped ceilings (coffered ceilings), smoke
alarms and smoke detectors shall be installed on the
highest portion of the ceiling or on the sloped portion
of the ceiling within 12 in. (300 mm) vertically down
from the highest point.

(11) Smoke alarms and detectors installed in rooms with
joists or beams shall comply with the requirements of
17.7.3.2.4.

(12) Heat alarms and detectors installed in rooms with
joists or beams shall comply with the requirements of
17.6.3.

*For additional requirements or clarification see NFPA 72.

R314.4 Interconnection. Where more than one smoke alarm
is required to be installed within an individual dwelling or
sleeping unit, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected in
such a manner that the activation of one alarm will activate
all of the alarms in the individual unit. The alarm shall be
clearly audible in all bedrooms over background noise levels
with all intervening doors closed.

Exceptions:

1. Interconnection is not required in buildings that are
not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction
of any kind.

2. Smoke alarms in existing areas are not required to
be interconnected where alterations or repairs do
not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling
finishes exposing the structure, unless there is an

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

attic, crawl space or basement available which
could provide access for interconnection without the
removal of interior finishes.

3. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected
where repairs or alterations are limited to the exte-
rior surfaces of dwellings, such as the replacement
of roofing or siding, or the addition or replacement
of windows or doors, or the addition of a porch or
deck.

4. Smoke alarms are not required to be interconnected
when work is limited to the installation, alteration or
repairs of plumbing or mechanical systems or the
installation, alteration or repair of electrical sys-
tems which do not result in the removal of interior
wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure.

R314.5 Combination alarms. Combination smoke and car-
bon monoxide alarms shall be permitted to be used in lieu of
smoke alarms. Systems and components shall be California
State Fire Marshal listed and approved in accordance with
California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 for the
purpose for which they are installed.

R314.6 Power source. Smoke alarms shall receive their pri-
mary power from the building wiring provided that such wir-
ing is served from a commercial source and shall be
equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms with integral
strobes that are not equipped with battery backup shall be
connected to an emergency electrical system. Smoke alarms
shall emit a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall
be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than
as required for overcurrent protection.

Exceptions:

1. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery
operated in existing buildings where no construction
is taking place.

2. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery
operated in buildings that are not served from a
commercial power source.

3. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery
operated in existing areas of buildings undergoing
alterations or repairs that do not result in the
removal of interior walls or ceiling finishes expos-
ing the structure, unless there is an attic, crawl
space or basement available which could provide
access for building wiring without the removal of
interior finishes.

4. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery
operated where repairs or alterations are limited to
the exterior surfaces of dwellings, such as the
replacement of roofing or siding, or the addition or
replacement of windows or doors, or the addition of
a porch or deck.

5. Smoke alarms are permitted to be solely battery
operated when work is limited to the installation,
alteration or repairs of plumbing or mechanical sys-
tems or the installation, alteration or repair of elec-
trical systems which do not result in the removal of

interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the struc-
ture.

R314.7 Fire alarm systems. Fire alarm systems shall he per-
mitted to be used in lieu of smoke alarms and shall comply
with Sections R3 14.7.1 through R3 14.7.4.

R314.7.1 General. Fire alarm systems shall comply with
the provisions of this code and the household fire warning
equipment provisions of NFPA 72. Smoke detectors shall
be listed in accordance with UL 268. Systems and compo-
nents shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and
approved in accordance with California Code of Regula-
tions, Title 19, Division 1 for the purpose for which they
are installed.

R314.7.2 Location. Smoke detectors shall be installed in
the locations specified in Section R314.3.

R314.7.3 Permanent fixture. Where a household fire
alarm system is installed, it shall become a permanent fix-
ture of the occupancy, owned by the homeowner.

R314.7.4 Combination detectors. Combination smoke
and carbon monoxide detectors shall be permitted to be
installed in fire alarm systems in lieu of smoke detectors,
provided that they are listed in accordance with UL 268
and UL 2075.

R314.8 Existing Group R-3 occupancies.

R314.8.1 Existing buildings housing Group R-3 occupan-
cies established prior to the effective date of these regula-
tions may have their use continued if they conform or are
made to conform to provisions of these regulations to the
extent that reasonable and adequate life safety against the
hazards of fire, panic and explosion is substantially pro-
vided. Additional means of egress, the installation of auto-
matic sprinkler systems, automatic fire alarm system or
other life safety measures, may be required to provide rea-
sonable and adequate safety.

Note: It is the intent of this section that every existing
occupancy need not mandatorily conform with the
requirements for new construction. Reasonable judg-
ment in the application of requirements must be exer-
cised by the enforcing agency.

R314.8.2 For purposes of clarification. Health and Safety \ \
Code Section 13113.7 is repeated.

a. Except as otherwise provided in this section, a
smoke detector, approved and listed by the State
Fire Marshal pursuant to Section 13114, shall be
installed, in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions in each dwelling intended for human
occupancy within the earliest applicable time period
as follows:

1. For all dwelling units intended for human occu-
pancy, upon the owner's application on or after
January 1, 1985, for a permit for alterations,
repairs, or additions, exceeding one thousand
dollars ($1,000).

2. For all other dwelling units intended for human
occupancy on or after January 1, 1987.

100

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

However, if any local rule, regulation, or
ordinance, adopted prior to the compliance dates
specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) requires
installation in a dwelling unit intended for human
occupancy of smoke detector, which receive their
power from the electrical system of the building
and requires compliance with the local rule, reg-
ulation, or ordinance at a date subsequent to the
dates specified in this section, the compliance
date specified in the rule, regulation, or ordi-
nance shall, but only with respect to the dwelling
units specified in this section, take precedence
over the dates specified in this section.

The State Fire Marshal may adopt regula-
tions exempting dwellings intended for human
occupancy with fire sprinkler systems from the
provisions of this section, if he or she determines
that a smoke detector is not reasonably necessary
for fire safety in the occupancy.

Unless prohibited by local rules, regulations,
or ordinances, a battery-operated smoke detector
which otherwise meets the standards adopted
pursuant to Section 13114 for smoke detectors,
satisfies the requirements of this section.

b. “Dwelling units intended for human occupancy, ” as
used in this section, includes a duplex, lodging
house, apartment complex, hotel, motel, condo-
minium, stock cooperative, time-share project, or
dwelling unit of a multiple-unit dwelling complex.
For the purpose of this part, “dwelling units
intended for human occupancy ” does not include
manufactured homes as defined in Section 18007,
mobile homes as defined in Section 18008, and com-
mercial coaches as defined in Section 18001.8.

c. The owner of each dwelling unit subject to this sec-
tion shall supply and install smoke detectors
required by this section in the locations and in the
manner set forth in the manufacturer's instructions,
as approved by the State Fire Marshal’s regulations.
In the case of apartment complexes and other multi-
ple- dwelling complexes, a smoke detector shall be
installed in the common stairwells. All fire alarm
warning systems supplemental to the smoke detector
shall also be listed by the State Fire Marshal.

d. A high-rise structure, as defined in subdivision (b) of
Section 13210 and regulated by Chapter 3 (com-
mencing with Section 13210), and which is used for
purposes other than as dwelling units intended for
human occupancy, is exempt from the requirements
of this section.

e. The owner shall be responsible for testing and main-
taining detectors in hotels, motels, lodging houses,
and common stairwells of apartment complexes and
other multiple-dwelling complexes.

An owner or the owner’s agent may enter any
dwelling unit, efficiency dwelling unit, guest room,
and suite owned by the owner for the purpose of
installing, repairing, testing, and maintaining single

station smoke detectors required by this section.
Except in cases of emergency, the owner or owner’s
agent shall give the tenants of each such unit, room, or
suite reasonable notice in writing of the intention to
enter and shall enter only during normal business
hours. Twenty-four hours shall be presumed to be rea-
sonable notice in absence of evidence to the contrary.

The smoke detector shall be operable at the time
that the tenant takes possession. The apartment
complex tenant shall be responsible for notifying the
manager or owner if the tenant becomes aware of an
inoperable smoke detector within his or her unit.

The owner or authorized agent shall correct any
reported deficiencies in the smoke detector and shall
not be in violation of this section for a deficient
smoke detector when he or she has not received
notice of the deficiency.

f. A violation of this section is an infraction punish-
able by a maximum fine of two hundred dollars
($200) for each offense.

g. This section shall not affect any rights which the
parties may have under any other provision of law
because of the presence or absence of a smoke
detector.

h. This section shall not apply to the installation of
smoke detectors in single-family dwellings or fac-
tory-built housing which is regulated by Section
13113.8, as added by Assembly Bill No. 2285 of the
1983-84 Regular Session.

R314.8.3 For purposes of clarification, Health and Safety \ \
Code Section 13113.8 is repeated.

a. On and after January 1, 1986, every single-family
dwelling and factory-built housing, as defined in
Section 19971, which is sold shall have an operable
smoke detector. The detector shall be approved and
listed by the State Fire Marshal and installed in
accordance with the State Fire Marshal's regula-
tions. Unless prohibited by local rules, regulations,
or ordinances, a battery-operated smoke detector
shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this
section.

b. On and after January 1, 1986, the transferor of any
real property containing a single-family dwelling, as
described in subdivision (a), whether the transfer is
made by sale, exchange, or real property sales con-
tract, as defined in Section 2985 of the Civil Code,
shall deliver to the transferee a written statement
indicating that the transferor is in compliance with
this section. The disclosure statement shall be either
included in the receipt for deposit in a real estate
transaction, an addendum attached thereto, or a
separate document.

c. The transferor shall deliver the statement referred to
in subdivision (b) as soon as practicable before the
transfer of title in the case of a sale or exchange, or
prior to execution of the contract where the transfer
is by a real property sales contract, as defined in

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

101

BUILDING PLANNING

Section 2985. For purposes of this subdivision,
“delivery” means delivery in person or by mail to
the transferee or transferor, or to any person autho-
rized to act for him or her in the transaction, or to
additional transferees who have requested delivery
from the transferor in writing. Delivery to the
spouse of a transferee or transferor shall be deemed
delivery to a transferee or transferor, unless the
contract states otherwise.

d. This section does not apply to any of the following:

1. Transfers which are required to be preceded by
the furnishing to a prospective transferee of a
copy of a public report pursuant to Section
11018.1 of the Business and Professions Code.

2. Transfers pursuant to court order, including, but
not limited to, transfers ordered by a probate
court in the administration of an estate, transfers
pursuant to a writ of execution, transfers by a
trustee in bankruptcy, transfers by eminent
domain, or transfers resulting from a decree for
specific performance.

3. Transfers to a mortgagee by a mortgagor in
default, transfers to a beneficiary of a deed of
trust by a trustor in default, transfers by any fore-
closure sale after default, transfers by any fore-
closure sale after default in an obligation secured
by a mortgage, or transfers by a sale under a
power of sale after a default in an obligation
secured by a deed of trust or secured by any other
instrument containing a power of sale.

4. Transfers by a fiduciary in the course of the
administration of a decedent's estate, guardian-
ship, conservatorship, or trust.

5. Transfers from one co-owner to one or more co-
owners.

6. Transfers made to a spouse, or to a person or
persons in the lineal line of consanguinity of one
or more of the transferors.

7. Transfers between spouses resulting from a
decree of dissolution of a marriage, from a
decree of legal separation, or from a property
settlement agreement incidental to either of those
decrees.

8. Transfers by the Controller in the course of
administering the Unclaimed Property Law pro-
vided for in Chapter 7 (commencing with Section
1500) of Title 10 of Part 3 of the Code of Civil
Procedure.

9. Transfers under the provisions of Chapter 7
( commencing with Section 3691 ) or Chapter 8
(commencing with Section 3771) of Part 6 of
Division 1 of the Revenue and Taxation Code.

e. No liability shall arise, nor any action be brought or
maintained against, any agent of any party to a
transfer of title, including any person or entity act-
ing in the capacity of an escrow, for any error, inac-

curacy, or omission relating to the disclosure
required to be made by a transferor pursuant to this
section. However, this subdivision does not apply to
a licensee, as defined in Section 10011 of the Busi-
ness and Professions Code, where the licensee par-
ticipates in the making of the disclosure required to
be made pursuant to this section with actual knowl-
edge of the falsity of the disclosure.

f. Except as otherwise provided in this section, this
section shall not be deemed to create or imply a duty
upon a licensee, as defined in Section 10011 of the
Business and Professions Code, or upon any agent
of any party to a transfer of title, including any per-
son or entity acting in the capacity of an escrow, to
monitor or ensure compliance with this section.

g. No transfer of title shall be invalidated on the basis
of a failure to comply with this section, and the
exclusive remedy for the failure to comply with this
section is an award of actual damages not to exceed
one hundred dollars ($100), exclusive of any court
costs and attorney’s fees.

h. Local ordinances requiring smoke detectors in sin-
gle-family dwellings may be enacted or amended.
However, the ordinances shall satisfy the minimum
requirements of this section.

i. For the purposes of this section, “ single -family
dwelling ” does not include a manufactured home as
defined in Section 18007, a mobilehome as defined
in Section 18008, or a commercial coach as defined
in Section 18001.8.

j. This section shall not apply to the installation of
smoke detectors in dwellings intended for human
occupancy, as defined in and regulated by Section
13113.7 of the Health and Safety Code, as added by
Senate Bill No. 1448 in the 1983-84 Regular Session.

SECTION R315

CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS

R315.1 General. Carbon monoxide alarms shall comply with
Section R315.

R315.1.1 Listings. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be
listed in accordance with UL 2034. Combination carbon
monoxide and smoke alarms shall he listed in accordance
with UL 2034 and UL 217.

No person shall install, market, distribute, offer for
sale, or sell any carbon monoxide device in the State of
California unless the device and instructions have been
approved and listed by the Office of the State Fire Mar-
shal.

R315.2 Where required. Carhon monoxide alarms shall be
provided in accordance with Sections R3 15.2.1 and R3 15.2.2.

Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 17926, car-
bon monoxide devices shall be installed in all existing dwell-
ing units as required in this section.

102

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

BUILDING PLANNING

R315.2.1 Existing buildings and new construction. For

existing buildings and new construction, carbon monoxide
alarms shall be provided in dwelling units where either or
both of the following conditions exist.

1 . The dwelling unit contains a fuel-fired appliance or
fireplace.

2. The dwelling unit has an attached garage with an
opening that communicates with the dwelling unit.

R315.2.2 Alterations, repairs and additions. Where an
addition is made to an existing dwelling, or a fuel-burning
heater, appliance, or fireplace is added to an existing
dwelling, not previously required to be provided with car-
bon monoxide alarms, new carbon monoxide alarms shall
be installed in accordance with Section R315.

R315.3 Location. Carhon monoxide alarms in dwelling units
shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s published instructions in the following loca-
tions:

1. Outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate
vicinity of the bedrooms.

2. On every occupiable level of a dwelling unit, including
basements.

3. Where a fuel-burning appliance is located within a bed-
room or its attached bathroom, a carbon monoxide
alarm shall be installed within the bedroom.

R315.4 Combination alarms. Combination carbon monox-
ide and smoke alarms shall be permitted to be used in lieu of
carbon monoxide alarms.

Combination carbon monoxide/ smoke alarms shall
comply with Section R315 and all requirements for listing
and approval by the Office of the State Fire Marshal for
smoke alarms.

R315.5 Power source. Carbon monoxide alarms shall
receive their primary power from the building wiring where
such wiring is served from a commercial source and, where
primary power is interrupted, shall receive power from a bat-
tery. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting
switch other than those required for overcurrent protection.

Exceptions:

1. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be permitted to be
battery operated where installed in buildings without
commercial power.

2. Carbon monoxide alarms installed in accordance
with Section R315.2.2 shall be permitted to be bat-
tery powered.

3. Carbon monoxide alarms in Group R occupancies
shall be permitted to receive their primary power
from other power sources recognized for use by
NFPA 720.

4. Carbon monoxide alarms in Group R occupancies
shall be permitted to be battery-powered or plug-in
with a battery backup in existing buildings built
prior to January 1, 2011, under any of the following
conditions:

4.2. Repairs or alterations do not result in the
removal of interior wall and ceiling finishes
exposing the structure in areas/spaces where
carbon monoxide alarms are required.

4.3. Repairs or alterations are limited to the exte-
rior surfaces of dwellings, such as the
replacement of roofing or siding, or the
addition or replacement of windows or
doors, or the addition of a porch or deck.

4.4. Work is limited to the installation, alteration
or repair of plumbing, mechanical or electri-
cal systems, which do not result in the
removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes
exposing the structure in areas/spaces where
carbon monoxide alarms are required.

R315.6 Carbon monoxide detection systems. Carbon mon-
oxide detection systems shall be permitted to be used in lieu
of carbon monoxide alarms and shall comply with Sections
R315.6.1 through R3 15. 6.4.

R315.6.1 General. Household carbon monoxide detection
systems shall comply with NFPA 720. Carbon monoxide
detectors shall be listed in accordance with UL 2075.

R315.6.2 Location. Carbon monoxide detectors shall be
installed and maintained in the locations specified in Sec-
tion R315.3 or NFPA 720.

R315.6.3 Permanent fixture. Where a household carbon
monoxide detection system is installed, it shall become a
permanent fixture of the occupancy and owned by the
homeowner.

R315.6.4 Combination detectors. Combination carbon
monoxide and smoke detectors shall be permitted to be
installed in carbon monoxide detection systems in lieu of
carbon monoxide detectors, provided that they are listed in
accordance with UL 2075 and UL 268.

Combination carbon monoxide/ smoke detectors shall
comply with all requirements for listing and approval by
the Office of the State Fire Marshal for smoke alarms.

R315.7 Interconnection. Where more than one carbon mon-
oxide alarm is required to be installed within a dwelling unit
or within a sleeping unit in Group R occupancies, the alarms
shall be interconnected in a manner that activation of one
alarm shall activate all of the alarms in the individual unit.

Exception: Interconnection is not required in existing
buildings built prior to January 1, 2011, under any of the
following conditions:

1. Physical interconnection is not required where
listed wireless alarms are installed and all alarms
sound upon activation of one alarm.

2. No construction is taking place.

3. Repairs or alterations do not result in the removal of
interior wall and ceiling finishes exposing the struc-
ture in areas/spaces where carbon monoxide alarms
are required.

4. Repairs or alterations are limited to the exterior
surfaces of dwellings, such as the replacement of

4.1. No construction is taking place.

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roofing or siding, or the addition or replacement of
windows or doors, or the addition of a porch or
deck.

5. Work is limited to the installation, alteration or
repair of plumbing, mechanical, or electrical sys-
tems, which do not result in the removal of interior
wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure in
areas/spaces where carbon monoxide alarms are
required.

SECTION R316
FOAM PLASTIC

R316.1 General. The provisions of this section shall govern
the materials, design, application, construction and installa-
tion of foam plastic materials.

R316.2 Labeling and identification. Packages and contain-
ers of foam plastic insulation and foam plastic insulation
components delivered to the job site shall bear the label of an
approved agency showing the manufacturer’s name, the prod-
uct listing, product identification and information sufficient
to determine that the end use will comply with the require-
ments.

R316.3 Surface burning characteristics. Unless otherwise
allowed in Section R316.5, foam plastic or foam plastic cores
used as a component in manufactured assemblies used in
building construction shall have a flame spread index of not
more than 75 and shall have a smoke-developed index of not
more than 450 when tested in the maximum thickness and
density intended for use in accordance with ASTM E84 or
UL 723. Loose-fill-type foam plastic insulation shall be
tested as board stock for the flame spread index and smoke-
developed index.

Exception: Foam plastic insulation more than 4 inches
(102 mm) thick shall have a flame spread index of not
more than 75 and a smoke-developed index of not more
than 450 where tested at a thickness of not more than 4
inches (102 mm), provided that the end use is approved in
accordance with Section R316.6 using the thickness and
density intended for use.

R316.4 Thermal barrier. Unless otherwise allowed in Sec-
tion R316.5, foam plastic shall be separated from the inte-
rior of a building by an approved thermal barrier of not less
than V 2 -inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard, ^Vjj-inch (18.2
mm) wood structural panel or a material that is tested in
accordance with and meets the acceptance criteria of both
the Temperature Transmission Fire Test and the Integrity
Fire Test of NFPA 275.

R316.5 Specific requirements. The following requirements
shall apply to these uses of foam plastic unless specifically
approved in accordance with Section R316.6 or by other sec-
tions of the code or the requirements of Sections R316.2
through R316.4 have been met.

R316.5.1 Masonry or concrete construction. The ther-
mal barrier specified in Section R316.4 is not required in a
masonry or concrete wall, floor or roof when the foam
plastic insulation is separated from the interior of the

building by not less than a 1-inch (25 mm) thickness of
masonry or concrete.

R316.5.2 Roofing. The thermal barrier specified in Sec-
tion R316.4 is not required where the foam plastic in a
roof assembly or under a roof covering is installed in
accordance with the code and the manufacturer’s instruc-
tions and is separated from the interior of the building by
tongue-and-groove wood planks or wood structural panel
sheathing, in accordance with Section R803, that is not
less than inch (11.9 mm) thick bonded with exterior
glue, identified as Exposure 1 and with edges supported by
blocking or tongue-and-groove joints or an equivalent
material. The smoke-developed index for roof applications
shall not be limited.

R316.5.3 Attics. The thermal barrier specified in Section
R316.4 is not required where all of the following apply:

1. Attic access is required by Section R807.1.

2. The space is entered only for purposes of repairs or
maintenance.

3. The foam plastic insulation has been tested in accor-
dance with Section R316.6 or the foam plastic insu-
lation is protected against ignition using one of the
following ignition barrier materials:

3.1. 1 V 2 -inch- thick (38 mm) mineral fiber insula-
tion.

3.2. '/ 4 -inch-thick (6.4 mm) wood structural pan-
els.

3.3. Vg-inch (9.5 mm) particleboard.

3.4. '/ 4 -inch (6.4 mm) hardboard.

3.5. Vg-inch (9.5 mm) gypsum board.

3.6. Corrosion-resistant steel having a base metal
thickness of 0.016 inch (0.406 mm).

3.7. 1 V 2 -inch-thick (38 mm) cellulose insulation;
or

3.8. '/ 4 -inch (6.4 mm) fiber-cement panel, soffit
or backer board.

The ignition barrier is not required where the foam
plastic insulation has been tested in accordance with Sec-
tion R316.6.

R316.5.4 Crawl spaces. The thermal barrier specified in
Section R316.4 is not required where all of the following
apply:

1. Crawl space access is required by Section R408.4.

2. Entry is made only for purposes of repairs or main-
tenance.

3.1. 1 V 2 -inch- thick (38 mm) mineral fiber insula-
tion;

3.2. */ 4 -inch-thick (6.4 mm) wood structural pan-
els;

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3.3. Vg-inch (9.5 mm) particleboard;

3.4. V 4 -inch (6.4 mm) hardboard;

3.5. Vg-inch (9.5 mm) gypsum board; or

3.6. Corrosion-resistant steel having a base metal
thickness of 0.016 inch (0.406 mm).

R316.5.5 Foam-filled exterior doors. Foam-filled exte-
rior doors are exempt from the requirements of Sections
R316.3 and R316.4.

R316.5.6 Foam-filled garage doors. Foam-filled garage
doors in attached or detached garages are exempt from the
requirements of Sections R316.3 and R316.4.

R316.5.7 Foam backer board. The thermal barrier speci-
fied in Section R316.4 is not required where siding hacker
board foam plastic insulation has a thickness of not more
than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and a potential heat of not more
than 2000 Btu per square foot (22 720 kJ/m^) when tested
in accordance with NFPA 259 provided that:

1. The foam plastic insulation is separated from the
interior of the building by not less than 2 inches (5 1
mm) of mineral fiber insulation;

2. The foam plastic insulation is installed over existing
exterior wall finish in conjunction with re-siding; or

3. The foam plastic insulation has been tested in accor-
dance with Section R316.6.

R316.5.8 Re-siding. The thermal barrier specified in Sec-
tion R316.4 is not required where the foam plastic insula-
tion is installed over existing exterior wall finish in
conjunction with re-siding provided that the foam plastic
has a thickness of not more than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and a
potential heat of not more than 2000 Btu per square foot
(22 720 kJ/m^) when tested in accordance with NFPA 259.

R316.5.9 Interior trim. The thermal harrier specified in
Section R316.4 is not required for exposed foam plastic
interior trim, provided that all of the following are met:

1 . The density is not less than 20 pounds per cubic foot
(320 kg/m^).

2. The thickness of the trim is not more than 0.5 inch
(12.7 mm) and the width is not more than 8 inches
(204 mm).

3. The interior trim shall not constitute more than 10
percent of the aggregate wall and ceiling area of any
room or space.

4. The flame spread index does not exceed 75 when
tested per ASTM E84 or UL 723. The smoke-devel-
oped index is not limited.

R316.5.10 Interior finish. Foam plastics shall be permit-
ted as interior finish where approved in accordance with
Section R316.6. Foam plastics that are used as an interior
finish shall meet the flame spread index and smoke-devel-
oped index requirements of Sections R302.9.1 and
R302.9.2.

R3I6.5.1I Sill plates and headers. Foam plastic shall be
permitted to be spray applied to sill plates and headers or
installed in the perimeter joist space without the thermal

barrier specified in Section R316.4 subject to all of the fol-
lowing:

1 . The thickness of the foam plastic shall be not more
than 3 V 4 inches (83 mm).

2. The density of the foam plastic shall be in the range
of 0.5 to 2.0 pounds per cubic foot (8 to 32 kg/m^).

3. The foam plastic shall have a flame spread index of
25 or less and an accompanying smoke-developed
index of 450 or less when tested in accordance with
ASTME84 orUL723.

R316.5.12 Sheathing. Foam plastic insulation used as
sheathing shall comply with Section R316.3 and Section
R316.4. Where the foam plastic sheathing is exposed to
the attic space at a gable or kneewall, the provisions of
Section R3 16.5.3 shall apply. Where foam plastic insula-
tion is used as exterior wall sheathing on framed wall
assemblies, it shall comply with Section R316.8.

R316.5.13 Floors. The thermal barrier specified in Sec-
tion R316.4 is not required to be installed on the walking
surface of a structural floor system that contains foam
plastic insulation when the foam plastic is covered by not
more than a nominal Vj-inch-thick (12.7 mm) wood struc-
tural panel or equivalent. The thermal barrier specified in
Section R316.4 is required on the underside of the struc-
tural floor system that contains foam plastic insulation
when the underside of the structural floor system is
exposed to the interior of the building.

R316.6 Specific approval. Foam plastic not meeting the
requirements of Sections R316.3 through R316.5 shall he
specifically approved on the basis of one of the following
approved tests: NFPA 286 with the acceptance criteria of
Section R302.9.4, FM 4880, UL 1040 or UL 1715, or fire
tests related to actual end-use configurations. Approval shall
be based on the actual end-use configuration and shall he per-
formed on the finished foam plastic assembly in the maxi-
mum thickness intended for use. Assemblies tested shall
include seams, joints and other typical details used in the
installation of the assembly and shall be tested in the manner
intended for use.

R316.7 Termite damage. The use of foam plastics in areas
of “very heavy” termite infestation probability shall be in
accordance with Section R318.4.

R316.8 Wind resistance. Foam plastic insulation complying
with ASTM C578 and ASTM Cl 289 and used as exterior
wall sheathing on framed wall assemblies shall comply with
SBCA FS 100 for wind pressure resistance unless installed
directly over a sheathing material that is separately capable of
resisting the wind load or otherwise exempted from the scope
of SBCA FS 100.

SECTION R317

PROTECTION OF WOOD AND WOOD-
BASED PRODUCTS AGAINST DECAY

R317.1 Location required. Protection of wood and wood-
based products from decay shall be provided in the following
locations by the use of naturally durable wood or wood that is

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preservative-treated in accordance with AWPA U1 for the
species, product, preservative and end use. Preservatives shall
he listed in Section 4 of AWPA Ul.

1. Wood joists or the bottom of a wood structural floor
when closer than 18 inches (457 mm) or wood girders
when closer than 12 inches (305 mm) to the exposed
ground in crawl spaces or unexcavated area located
within the periphery of the building foundation.

2. Wood framing members that rest on concrete or
masonry exterior foundation walls and are less than 8
inches (203 mm) from the exposed ground.

3. Sills and sleepers on a concrete or masonry slab that is
in direct contact with the ground unless separated from
such slab by an impervious moisture barrier.

4. The ends of wood girders entering exterior masonry or
concrete walls having clearances of less than V 2 inch
(12.7 mm) on tops, sides and ends.

5. Wood siding, sheathing and wall framing on the exte-
rior of a building having a clearance of less than 6
inches (152 mm) from the ground or less than 2 inches
(51 mm) measured vertically from concrete steps,
porch slabs, patio slabs and similar horizontal surfaces
exposed to the weather.

6. Wood structural members supporting moisture-perme-
able floors or roofs that are exposed to the weather,
such as concrete or masonry slabs, unless separated
from such floors or roofs by an impervious moisture
barrier.

7. Wood furring strips or other wood framing members
attached directly to the interior of exterior masonry
walls or concrete walls below grade except where an
approved vapor retarder is applied between the wall
and the furring strips or framing members.

R317.1.1 Field treatment. Field-cut ends, notches and
drilled holes of preservative-treated wood shall be treated
in the field in accordance with AWPA M4.

R317.1.2 Ground contact. All wood in contact with the
ground, embedded in concrete in direct contact with the
ground or embedded in concrete exposed to the weather
that supports permanent structures intended for human
occupancy shall be approved pressure-preservative-
treated wood suitable for ground contact use, except that
untreated wood used entirely below groundwater level or
continuously submerged in fresh water shall not be
required to be pressure-preservative treated.

R317.1.3 Geographical areas. In geographical areas
where experience has demonstrated a specific need,
approved naturally durable or pressure-preservative-
treated wood shall be used for those portions of wood
members that form the structural supports of buildings,
balconies, porches or similar permanent building appurte-
nances when those members are exposed to the weather
without adequate protection from a roof, eave, overhang or
other covering that would prevent moisture or water accu-
mulation on the surface or at joints between members.

Depending on local experience, such members may
include:

1 . Horizontal members such as girders, joists and deck-
ing.

2. Vertical members such as posts, poles and columns.

3. Both horizontal and vertical members.

R317.1.4 Wood columns. Wood columns shall be
approved wood of natural decay resistance or approved
pressure-preservative-treated wood.

Exceptions:

1 . Columns exposed to the weather or in basements
where supported by concrete piers or metal ped-
estals projecting 1 inch (25 mm) above a concrete
floor or 6 inches (152 mm) above exposed earth
and the earth is covered by an approved impervi-
ous moisture barrier.

2. Columns in enclosed crawl spaces or unexcavated
areas located within the periphery of the building
when supported by a concrete pier or metal pedes-
tal at a height more than 8 inches (203 mm) from
exposed earth and the earth is covered by an
impervious moisture barrier.

3. Deck posts supported by concrete piers or metal
pedestals projecting not less than 1 inch (25 mm)
above a concrete floor or 6 inches (152 mm)
above exposed earth.

R317.1.5 Exposed glued-laminated timbers. The por-
tions of glued-laminated timbers that form the structural
supports of a building or other structure and are exposed to
weather and not properly protected by a roof, eave or sim-
ilar covering shall be pressure treated with preservative, or
be manufactured from naturally durable or preservative-
treated wood.

R317.2 Quality mark. Lumber and plywood required to be
pressure-preservative treated in accordance with Section
R318.1 shall bear the quality mark of an approved inspection
agency that maintains continuing supervision, testing and
inspection over the quality of the product and that has been
approved by an accreditation body that complies with the
requirements of the American Lumber Standard Committee
treated wood program.

R317.2.1 Required information. The required quality
mark on each piece of pressure-preservative-treated lum-
ber or plywood shall contain the following information:

1 . Identification of the treating plant.

2. Type of preservative.

3. The minimum preservative retention.

4. End use for which the product was treated.

5. Standard to which the product was treated.

6. Identity of the approved inspection agency.

7. The designation “Dry,” if applicable.

Exception: Quality marks on lumber less than 1 inch

(25 mm) nominal thickness, or lumber less than nomi-

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nal 1 inch by 5 inches (25 mm by 127 mm) or 2 inches
by 4 inches (51 mm by 102 mm) or lumber 36 inches
(914 mm) or less in length shall be applied by stamping
the faces of exterior pieces or by end labeling not less
than 25 percent of the pieces of a bundled unit.

R317.3 Fasteners and connectors in contact with preser-
vative-treated and fire-retardant-treated wood. Fasteners,
including nuts and washers, and connectors in contact with
preservative-treated wood and fire-retardant-treated wood
shall be in accordance with this section. The coating weights
for zinc-coated fasteners shall be in accordance with ASTM
A153. Stainless steel driven fasteners shall be in accordance
with the material requirements of ASTM F1667.

R317.3.1 Fasteners for preservative-treated wood. Fas-
teners, including nuts and washers, for preservative-
treated wood shall be of hot-dipped, zinc-coated galva-
nized steel, stainless steel, silicon bronze or copper. Coat-
ing types and weights for connectors in contact with
preservative-treated wood shall be in accordance with the
connector manufacturer’s recommendations. In the
absence of manufacturer’s recommendations, a minimum
of ASTM A653 type G185 zinc-coated galvanized steel,
or equivalent, shall be used.

Exceptions:

1. V 2 -inch-diameter (12.7 mm) or greater steel bolts.

2. Fasteners other than nails and timber rivets shall
be permitted to be of mechanically deposited
zinc-coated steel with coating weights in accor-
dance with ASTM B695, Class 55 minimum.

3. Plain carbon steel fasteners in SBX/DOT and
zinc borate preservative-treated wood in an inte-
rior, dry environment shall be permitted.

R317.3.2 Fastenings for wood fonndations. Fastenings,
including nuts and washers, for wood foundations shall be
as required in AF&PA PWF.

R317.3.3 Fasteners for fire-retardant-treated wood
used in exterior applications or wet or damp locations.

Fasteners, including nuts and washers, for fire-retardant-
treated wood used in exterior applications or wet or damp
locations shall be of hot-dipped, zinc-coated galvanized
steel, stainless steel, silicon bronze or copper. Fasteners
other than nails and timber rivets shall be permitted to be
of mechanically deposited zinc-coated steel with coating
weights in accordance with ASTM B695, Class 55 mini-
mum.

R317.3.4 Fasteners for fire-retardant-treated wood
used in interior applications. Fasteners, including nuts
and washers, for fire-retardant-treated wood used in inte-
rior locations shall be in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s recommendations. In the absence of the
manufacturer’s recommendations. Section R317.3.3 shall
apply.

R317.4 Plastic composites. Plastic composite exterior deck
boards, stair treads, guards and handrails containing wood,
cellulosic or other biodegradable materials shall comply with
the requirements of Section R507.3.

SECTION R318
PROTECTION AGAINST
SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES

R318.1 Subterranean termite control methods. In areas
subject to damage from termites as indicated by Table
R301.2(l), methods of protection shall be one, or a combina-
tion, of the following methods:

1 . Chemical termiticide treatment in accordance with Sec-
tion R318.2.

2. Termite baiting system installed and maintained in
accordance with the label.

3. Pressure-preservative-treated wood in accordance with
the provisions of Section R317.1.

4. Naturally durable termite-resistant wood.

5. Physical barriers in accordance with Section R318.3
and used in locations as specified in Section R317.1.

6. Cold-formed steel framing in accordance with Sections
R505.2.1 and R603.2.1.

R318.1.1 Quality mark. Lumber and plywood required to
be pressure-preservative treated in accordance with Sec-
tion R318.1 shall bear the quality mark of an approved
inspection agency that maintains continuing supervision,
testing and inspection over the quality of the product and
that has been approved by an accreditation body that com-
plies with the requirements of the American Lumber Stan-
dard Committee treated wood program.

R318.1.2 Field treatment. Field-cut ends, notches and
drilled holes of pressure-preservative-treated wood shall
be retreated in the field in accordance with AWPA M4.

R318.2 Chemical termiticide treatment. Chemical termiti-
cide treatment shall include soil treatment or field-applied
wood treatment. The concentration, rate of application and
method of treatment of the chemical termiticide shall be in
strict accordance with the termiticide label.

R318.3 Barriers. Approved physical barriers, such as metal
or plastic sheeting or collars specifically designed for termite
prevention, shall be installed in a manner to prevent termites
from entering the structure. Shields placed on top of an exte-
rior foundation wall are permitted to be used only if in combi-
nation with another method of protection.

R318.4 Foam plastic protection. In areas where the proba-
bility of termite infestation is “very heavy” as indicated in
Figure R301.2(6), extruded and expanded polystyrene, poly-
isocyanurate and other foam plastics shall not be installed on
the exterior face or under interior or exterior foundation walls
or slab foundations located below grade. The clearance
between foam plastics installed above grade and exposed
earth shall be not less than 6 inches (152 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Buildings where the structural members of walls,
floors, ceilings and roofs are entirely of noncombus-
tible materials or pressure-preservative-treated
wood.

2. Where in addition to the requirements of Section
R318.1, an approved method of protecting the foam

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plastic and structure from subterranean termite dam-
age is used.

3. On the interior side of basement walls.

SECTION R319
SITE ADDRESS

R319.1 Address identification. Buildings shall he provided
with approved address identification. The address identifica-
tion shall he legible and placed in a position that is visible
from the street or road fronting the property. Address identifi-
cation characters shall contrast with their background.
Address numbers shall be Arabic numbers or alphabetical let-
ters. Numbers shall not he spelled out. Each character shall be
not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height with a stroke width
of not less than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm). Where required by the
fire code official, address identification shall be provided in
additional approved locations to facilitate emergency
response. Where access is by means of a private road and the
building address cannot be viewed from the public way, a
monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to iden-
I tify the structure. Address identification shall be maintained.

SECTION R320
ACCESSIBILITY

R320.1 Scope. Dwelling units in a building consisting of
three or more dwelling units or four or more condominium
units shall meet the requirements of the California Building
Code Chapter 11 A. Covered Multifamily Dwellings include
but are not limited to dwelling units listed in Section
1.8.2. 1.2. Dwelling units within a single structure separated
^ by firewalls do not constitute separate buildings.

SECTION R321

ELEVATORS AND PLATFORM LIFTS

R321.1 Elevators. Where provided, passenger elevators, lim-
ited-use and limited-application elevators or private residence
elevators shall comply with ASME A17.1/CSA B44.

R321.2 Platform lifts. Where provided, platform lifts shall
comply with ASME A18.1.

R321.3 Accessibility. Elevators or platform (wheelchair) lifts
that are part of an accessible route required by Chapter 1 lA of
the California Building Code, shall comply with requirements
in Chapter llA of the California Building Code.

SECTION R322

FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION

R322.1 General. Buildings and structures constructed in
whole or in part in flood hazard areas, including A or V
Zones and Coastal A Zones, as established in Table
R301.2(l), and substantial improvement and restoration of
substantial damage of buildings and structures in flood haz-
ard areas, shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with the provisions contained in this section. Buildings and
structures that are located in more than one flood hazard area

shall comply with the provisions associated with the most
restrictive flood hazard area. Buildings and structures located
in whole or in part in identified floodways shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with ASCE 24.

R322.1.1 Alternative provisions. As an alternative to the
requirements in Section R322, ASCE 24 is permitted sub- |
ject to the limitations of this code and the limitations
therein.

R322.1.2 Structural systems. Structural systems of build-
ings and structures shall be designed, connected and
anchored to resist flotation, collapse or permanent lateral
movement due to structural loads and stresses from flood-
ing equal to the design flood elevation.

R322.1.3 Flood-resistant construction. Buildings and
structures erected in areas prone to flooding shall be con-
structed by methods and practices that minimize flood
damage.

R322.1.4 Establishing the design flood elevation. The

design flood elevation shall be used to define flood hazard
areas. At a minimum, the design flood elevation shall be
the higher of the following:

1 . The base flood elevation at the depth of peak eleva-
tion of flooding, including wave height, that has a 1
percent (100-year flood) or greater chance of being
equaled or exceeded in any given year; or

2. The elevation of the design flood associated with the
area designated on a flood hazard map adopted by
the community, or otherwise legally designated.

R322.1.4.1 Determination of design flood elevations.

If design flood elevations are not specified, the building
official is authorized to require the applicant to comply
with either of the following:

1. Obtain and reasonably use data available from a
federal, state or other source; or

2. Determine the design flood elevation in accor-
dance with accepted hydrologic and hydraulic
engineering practices used to define special flood
hazard areas. Determinations shall be undertaken
by a registered design professional who shall
document that the technical methods used reflect
currently accepted engineering practice. Studies,
analyses and computations shall be submitted in
sufficient detail to allow thorough review and
approval.

R322. 1.4.2 Determination of impacts. In riverine
flood hazard areas where design flood elevations are
specified but floodways have not been designated, the
applicant shall demonstrate that the effect of the pro-
posed buildings and structures on design flood eleva-
tions, including fill, when combined with other existing
and anticipated flood hazard area encroachments, will
not increase the design flood elevation more than 1 foot
(305 mm) at any point within the jurisdiction.

R322.1.5 Lowest floor. The lowest floor shall be the low-
est floor of the lowest enclosed area, including basement,
and excluding any unfinished flood-resistant enclosure that

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is useable solely for vehicle parking, building access or lim-
ited storage provided that such enclosure is not built so as to
render the building or structure in violation of this section.

R322.1.6 Protection of mechanical, plumbing and elec-
trical systems. Electrical systems, equipment and compo-
nents; heating, ventilating, air conditioning; plumbing
appliances and plumbing fixtures; duct systems; and other
service equipment shall be located at or above the eleva-
tion required in Section R322.2 or R322.3. If replaced as
part of a substantial improvement, electrical systems,
equipment and components; heating, ventilating, air con-
ditioning and plumbing appliances and plumbing fixtures;
duct systems; and other service equipment shall meet the
requirements of this section. Systems, fixtures, and equip-
ment and components shall not be mounted on or penetrate
through walls intended to break away under flood loads.

Exception: Locating electrical systems, equipment
and components; heating, ventilating, air condition-
ing; plumbing appliances and plumbing fixtures; duct
systems; and other service equipment is permitted
below the elevation required in Section R322.2 or
R322.3 provided that they are designed and installed
to prevent water from entering or accumulating within
the components and to resist hydrostatic and hydrody-
namic loads and stresses, including the effects of
buoyancy, during the occurrence of flooding to the
design flood elevation in accordance with ASCE 24.
Electrical wiring systems are permitted to be located
below the required elevation provided that they con-
form to the provisions of the California Electrical
Code for wet locations.

R322.1.7 Protection of water supply and sanitary sew-

> age systems. Water supply systems shall be designed to
minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the

> I I water supply and distribution system. Sanitary sewage
systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infil-
tration of floodwaters into systems and discharges from

> systems into floodwaters.

R322.1.8 Flood-resistant materials. Building materials
and installation methods used for flooring and interior and
exterior walls and wall coverings below the elevation
required in Section R322.2 or R322.3 shall be flood dam-
age-resistant materials that conform to the provisions of
EEMA TB-2.

> R322.1.9 Manufactured homes.

R322.1.10 As-built elevation documentation. A regis-
tered design professional shall prepare and seal documen-
tation of the elevations specified in Section R322.2 or
R322.3.

R322.2 Flood hazard areas (including A Zones). Areas that
have been determined to be prone to flooding and that are not
subject to high-velocity wave action shall be designated as
flood hazard areas. Flood hazard areas that have been delin-
eated as subject to wave heights between iVj feet (457 mm)
and 3 feet (914 mm) or otherwise designated by the jurisdic-
tion shall be designated as Coastal A Zones and are subject to
the requirements of Section R322.3. Buildings and structures
constructed in whole or in part in flood hazard areas shall be

designed and constructed in accordance with Sections
R322.2.1 through R322.2.3.

R322.2.1 Elevation requirements.

1. Buildings and structures in flood hazard areas,
including flood hazard areas designated as Coastal |
A Zones, shall have the lowest floors elevated to or
above the base flood elevation plus 1 foot (305 mm),
or the design flood elevation, whichever is higher.

2. In areas of shallow flooding (AO Zones), buildings
and structures shall have the lowest floor (including
basement) elevated to a height above the highest
adjacent grade of not less than the depth number
specified in feet (mm) on the FIRM plus 1 foot (305
mm), or not less than 3 feet (915 mm) if a depth
number is not specified.

3. Basement floors that are below grade on all sides
shall be elevated to or above base flood elevation
plus 1 foot (305 mm), or the design flood elevation,
whichever is higher.

Exception: Enclosed areas below the design flood ele-
vation, including basements with floors that are not
below grade on all sides, shall meet the requirements of
Section R322.2.2.

R322.2.2 Enclosed area below design flood elevation.

Enclosed areas, including crawl spaces, that are below the

design flood elevation shall:

1. Be used solely for parking of vehicles, building
access or storage.

2. Be provided with flood openings that meet the fol-
lowing criteria and are installed in accordance with
Section R322.2.2.1:

2.1. The total net area of openings shall be not less
than 1 square inch (645 mm^) for each square
foot (0.093 m^) of enclosed area where the
enclosed area is measured on the exterior of
the enclosure walls, or the openings shall be
designed as engineered openings and the con-
struction documents shall include a statement
by a registered design professional that the
design of the openings will provide for equal-
ization of hydrostatic flood forces on exterior
walls by allowing for the automatic entry and
exit of floodwaters as specified in Section
2.6.2.2 of ASCE 24.

2.2. Openings shall be not less than 3 inches (76
mm) in any direction in the plane of the wall.

2.3. The presence of louvers, blades, screens and
faceplates or other covers and devices shall
allow the automatic flow of floodwater into
and out of the enclosed areas and shall be
accounted for in the determination of the net
open area.

R322.2.2.1 Installation of openings. The walls of
enclosed areas shall have openings installed such that:

1 . There shall be not less than two openings on dif-
ferent sides of each enclosed area; if a building

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has more than one enclosed area below the design
flood elevation, each area shall have openings.

2. The bottom of each opening shall be not more
than 1 foot (305 mm) above the higher of the
final interior grade or floor and the finished exte-
rior grade immediately under each opening.

3. Openings shall be permitted to be installed in
doors and windows; doors and windows without
installed openings do not meet the requirements
of this section.

R322.2.3 Foundation design and construction. Founda-
tion walls for buildings and structures erected in flood haz-
ard areas shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4.

Exception: Unless designed in accordance with Sec-
tion R404:

1. The unsupported height of 6-inch (152 mm) plain
masonry walls shall be not more than 3 feet (914
mm).

2. The unsupported height of 8-inch (203 mm) plain
masonry walls shall be not more than 4 feet (1219
mm).

3. The unsupported height of 8-inch (203 mm) rein-
forced masonry walls shall be not more than 8
feet (2438 mm).

For the purpose of this exception, unsupported height is
the distance from the finished grade of the under-floor
space to the top of the wall.

R322.2.4 Tanks. Underground tanks shall be anchored to
prevent flotation, collapse and lateral movement under
conditions of the base flood. Above-ground tanks shall be
installed at or above the elevation required in Section
R322.2.1 or shall be anchored to prevent flotation, col-
lapse and lateral movement under conditions of the base
flood.

R322.3 Coastal high-hazard areas (including V Zones and
Coastal A Zones, where designated). Areas that have been
determined to be subject to wave heights in excess of 3 feet
(914 mm) or subject to high-velocity wave action or wave-
induced erosion shall be designated as coastal high-hazard
areas. Flood hazard areas that have been designated as subject
to wave heights between IV 2 feet (457 mm) and 3 feet (914
mm) or otherwise designated by the jurisdiction shall be des-
ignated as Coastal A Zones. Buildings and structures con-
structed in whole or in part in coastal high-hazard areas and
coastal A Zones, where designated, shall be designed and con-
structed in accordance with Sections R322.3.1 through
R322.3.7.

R322.3.1 Location and site preparation.

1. New buildings and buildings that are determined to
be substantially improved pursuant to Section
R105.3.1.1 shall be located landward of the reach of
mean high tide.

2. For any alteration of sand dunes and mangrove
stands, the building official shall require submission
of an engineering analysis that demonstrates that the

proposed alteration will not increase the potential
for flood damage.

R322.3.2 Elevation requirements.

1 . Buildings and structures erected within coastal high-
hazard areas and Coastal A Zones, shall be elevated
so that the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural
members supporting the lowest floor, with the
exception of piling, pile caps, columns, grade beams
and bracing, is elevated to or above the base flood
elevation plus 1 foot (305 mm) or the design flood
elevation, whichever is higher.

2. Basement floors that are below grade on all sides are
prohibited.

3. The use of fill for structural support is prohibited.

4. Minor grading, and the placement of minor quanti-
ties of fill, shall be permitted for landscaping and for
drainage purposes under and around buildings and
for support of parking slabs, pool decks, patios and
walkways.

5. Walls and partitions enclosing areas below the
design flood elevation shall meet the requirements
of Sections R322.3.4 and R322.3.5.

R322.3.3 Foundations. Buildings and structures erected in
coastal high-hazard areas and Coastal A Zones shall be sup-
ported on pilings or columns and shall be adequately
anchored to such pilings or columns. The space below the
elevated building shall be either free of obstruction or, if
enclosed with walls, the walls shall meet the requirements
of Section R322.3.4. Pilings shall have adequate soil pene-
trations to resist the combined wave and wind loads (lateral
and uplift). Water-loading values used shall be those asso-
ciated with the design flood. Wind-loading values shall be
those required by this code. Pile embedment shall include
consideration of decreased resistance capacity caused by
scour of soil strata surrounding the piling. Pile systems
design and installation shall be certified in accordance with
Section R322.3.6. Spread footing, mat, raft or other foun-
dations that support columns shall not be permitted where
soil investigations that are required in accordance with Sec-
tion R401.4 indicate that soil material under the spread
footing, mat, raft or other foundation is subject to scour or
erosion from wave-velocity flow conditions. If permitted,
spread footing, mat, raft or other foundations that support
columns shall be designed in accordance with ASCE 24.
Slabs, pools, pool decks and walkways shall be located and
constructed to be structurally independent of buildings and
structures and their foundations to prevent transfer of flood
loads to the buildings and structures during conditions of
flooding, scour or erosion from wave-velocity flow condi-
tions, unless the buildings and structures and their founda-
tions are designed to resist the additional flood load.

Exception: In Coastal A Zones, stem wall foundations
supporting a floor system above and backfilled with
soil or gravel to the underside of the floor system shall
be permitted provided the foundations are designed to
account for wave action, debris impact, erosion and

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local scour. Where soils are susceptible to erosion and
local scour, stem wall foundations shall have deep foot-
ings to account for the loss of soil.

R322.3.4 Walls below design flood elevation. Walls and
partitions are permitted below the elevated floor, provided
that such walls and partitions are not part of the structural
support of the building or structure and:

1 . Electrical, mechanical and plumbing system compo-
nents are not to be mounted on or penetrate through
walls that are designed to break away under flood
loads; and

2. Are constructed with insect screening or open lat-
tice; or

3. Are designed to break away or collapse without
causing collapse, displacement or other structural
damage to the elevated portion of the building or
supporting foundation system. Such walls, framing
and connections shall have a resistance of not less
than 10 (479 Pa) and not more than 20 pounds per
square foot (958 Pa) as determined using allowable
stress design; or

4. Where wind loading values of this code exceed 20
pounds per square foot (958 Pa), as determined
using allowable stress design, the construction docu-
ments shall include documentation prepared and
sealed by a registered design professional that:

4.1. The walls and partitions below the design
flood elevation have been designed to col-
lapse from a water load less than that which
would occur during the base flood.

4.2. The elevated portion of the building and sup-
porting foundation system have been
designed to withstand the effects of wind and
flood loads acting simultaneously on struc-
tural and nonstructural building components.
Water-loading values used shall be those
associated with the design flood. Wind-load-
ing values shall be those required by this code.

5. Walls intended to break away under flood loads as
specified in Item 3 or 4 have flood openings that
meet the criteria in Section R322.2.2, Item 2.

R322.3.5 Enclosed areas below design flood elevation.

Enclosed areas below the design flood elevation shall be
used solely for parking of vehicles, building access or stor-
age.

R322.3.5.1 Protection of building envelope. An exte-
rior door that meets the requirements of Section R609
shall be installed at the top of stairs that provide access
to the building and that are enclosed with walls
designed to break away in accordance with Section
R322.3.4.

R322.3.6 Construction documents. The construction
documents shall include documentation that is prepared
and sealed by a registered design professional that the
design and methods of construction to be used meet the
applicable criteria of this section.

R322.3.7 Tanks. Underground tanks shall be anchored to
prevent flotation, collapse and lateral movement under
conditions of the base flood. Above-ground tanks shall be
installed at or above the elevation required in Section
R322.3.2. Where elevated on platforms, the platforms
shall be cantilevered from or knee braced to the building
or shall be supported on foundations that conform to the
requirements of Section R322.3.

SECTION R323
STORM SHELTERS

R323.1 General. This section applies to storm shelters where
constructed as separate detached buildings or where con-
structed as safe rooms within buildings for the purpose of
providing refuge from storms that produce high winds, such
as tornados and hurricanes. In addition to other applicable
requirements in this code, storm shelters shall be constructed
in accordance with ICC/NSSA-500.

SECTION 324

SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS

R324.1 General. Solar energy systems shall comply with the
provisions of this section.

R324.2 Solar thermal systems. Solar thermal systems shall
be designed and installed in accordance with the California
Plumbing Code and the California Fire Code.

R324.3 Photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems shall be
designed and installed in accordance with Sections R324.3.1
through R324.7.2.7 and the California Electrical Code.
Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL
1741. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters
listed for utility interaction.

R324.3.1 Equipment listings. Photovoltaic panels and
modules shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL
1703.

R324.4 Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems. Rooftop-
mounted photovoltaic panel systems installed on or above the
roof covering shall be designed and installed in accordance
with Section R907.

R324.4.1 Roof live load. Roof structures that provide sup-
port for photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for
applicable roof live load. The design of roof structures
need not include roof live load in the areas covered by
photovoltaic panel systems. Portions of roof structures not
covered by photovoltaic panels shall be designed for roof
live load. Roof structures that provide support for photo-
voltaic panel systems shall be designed for live load, L^,
for the load case where the photovoltaic panel system is
not present.

R324.5 Building-integrated photovoltaic systems. Build-
ing-integrated photovoltaic systems that serve as roof cover-
ings shall be designed and installed in accordance with
Section R905.

R324.5.1 Photovoltaic shingles. Photovoltaic shingles
shall comply with Section R905.16.

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R324.6 Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems. Ground-
mounted photovoltaic systems shall be designed and in-
stalled in accordance with Section R301.

R324.6.1 Fire separation distances. Ground-mounted
photovoltaic systems shall be subject to the fire separation
distance requirements determined by the enforcing agency.

R324.7 Access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and
spacing requirements shall be provided in accordance with
Sections R324.7.1 through R324.7.2.7.

Exceptions:

1. Detached, nonhabitable Group U Structures includ-
ing, but not limited to, garages and accessory struc-
tures to one- and two-family dwellings and
townhouses, such as parking shade structures, car-
ports, solar trellises and similar structures.

2. Roof access, pathways and spacing requirements
need not be provided where an alternative ventilation
method approved by the enforcing agency has been
provided or where the enforcing agency has deter-
mined that vertical ventilation techniques will not be
employed.

R324.7.1 Roof access points. Roof access points shall be
located in areas that do not require the placement of
ground ladders over openings such as windows or doors,
and located at strong points of building construction in
locations where the access point does not conflict with
overhead obstructions such as tree limbs, wires or signs.

R324.7.2 Solar photovoltaic systems. Solar photovoltaic
systems shall comply with Sections R324.7.2.1 through
R324.7.2.7.

R324.7.2.1 Size of solar photovoltaic array. Each
photovoltaic array shall be limited to 150 feet by 150
feet (45 720 by 45 720 mm). Multiple arrays shall be
separated by a clear access pathway not less than 3 feet
(914 mm) in width.

R324.7.2.2 Hip roof layouts. Panels and modules
installed on dwellings with hip roof layouts shall be
located in a manner that provides a clear access path-
way not less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width from the
eave to the ridge on each roof slope where panels and
modules are located. The access pathway shall be
located at a structurally strong location on the building
capable of supporting the live load of fire fighters
accessing the roof.

Exception: These requirements shall not apply to
roofs with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (16.6 percent) and less.

R324.7.2.3 Single ridge roofs. Panels and modules
installed on dwellings with a single ridge shall be
located in a manner that provides two, 3-foot-wide (914
mm) access pathways from the eave to the ridge on
each roof slope where panels or modules are located.

Exception: This requirement shall not apply to
roofs with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (16.6 percent) and less.

R324.7.2.4 Roofs with hips and valleys. Panels and
modules installed on dwellings with roof hips or valleys
shall not be located less than 1 8 inches (457 mm) from a
hip or valley where panels or modules are to be placed
on both sides of a hip or valley. Where panels are to be
located on one side only of a hip or valley that is of equal
length, the 18-inch (457 mm) clearance does not apply.

Exception: These requirements shall not apply to
roofs with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units hori-
zontal (16.6 percent) and less.

R324.7.2.5 Allowance for smoke ventilation opera-
tions. Panels and modules installed on dwellings shall
not be located less than 3 feet (914 mm) below the roof
ridge to allow for fire department smoke ventilation oper-
ations.

Exception: Where an alternative ventilation method
approved by the enforcing agency has been provided
or where the enforcing agency has determined that
vertical ventilation techniques will not be employed,
clearance from the roof ridge is not required.

R324.7.2.6 Ground-mounted photovoltaic arrays. |

Ground mounted photovoltaic arrays shall comply with
this section and the California Electrical Code. Setback
requirements shall not apply to ground-mounted, free-
standing photovoltaic arrays. A clear, brush-free area
of 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be required for ground-
mounted photovoltaic arrays.

R324.7.2.7 Locations of DC conductors. Conduit, wir-
ing systems, and raceways for photovoltaic circuits
shall be located as close as possible to the ridge or hip
or valley and from the hip or valley as directly as possi-
ble to an outside wall to reduce trip hazards and maxi-
mize ventilation opportunities. Conduit runs between
sub arrays and to DC combiner boxes shall be installed
in a manner that minimizes the total amount of conduit
on the roof by taking the shortest path from the array to
the DC combiner box. The DC combiner boxes shall be
located such that conduit runs are minimized in the
pathways between arrays. DC wiring shall be installed
in metallic conduit or raceways when located within
enclosed spaces in a building. Conduit shall run along
the bottom of load bearing members.

SECTION R325
MEZZANINES

R325.1 General. Mezzanines shall comply with Section
R325.

R325.2 Mezzanines. The clear height above and below mezza-
nine floor construction shall be not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).

R325.3 Area limitation. The aggregate area of a mezzanine
or mezzanines shall be not greater than one-third of the floor
area of the room or space in which they are located. The
enclosed portion of a room shall not be included in a determi-
nation of the floor area of the room in which the mezzanine is
located.

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R325.4 Means of egress. The means of egress for mezzanines
shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section R3 1 1 .

R325.5 Openness. Mezzanines shall be open and unob-
structed to the room in which they are located except for
walls not more than 42 inches (1067 mm) in height, columns
and posts.

Exceptions:

1 . Mezzanines or portions thereof are not required to be
open to the room in which they are located, provided
that the aggregate floor area of the enclosed space is
not greater than 10 percent of the mezzanine area.

2. In buildings that are not more than two stories above
grade plane and equipped throughout with an auto-
matic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
R3 1 3, a mezzanine shall not be required to be open to
the room in which the mezzanine is located.

SECTION R326

SWIMMING POOLS, SPAS AND HOT TUBS

R326.1 General. The design and construction of pools and
spas shall comply with the International Swimming Pool and
Spa Code.

SECTION R334

CONSTRUCTION WASTE REDUCTION,
DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING

R334.1 Construction waste management. Recycle and/or
salvage for reuse a minimum of 65 percent of the nonhazard-
ous construction and demolition waste in accordance with
the California Green Building Standards Code, Chapter 4,
Division 4.4.

I I SECTION R335

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR LICENSED
24-HOUR CARE FACILITIES IN A GROUP R-3. 1

I I R335.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to
24-hour care facilities in a Group R-3.1 occupancy licensed
by a governmental agency.

I I R335.2 General. The provisions in this section shall apply in
addition to general requirements in this code.

I I R335.2.1 Restraint shall not be practiced in a Group R-3.1
occupancy.

Exception: Occupancies which meet all the require-
ments for a Group 1-3 occupancy.

I I R335.2.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13133, regulations of the state fire marshal pertaining to
Occupancies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) and
Residential-care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shall
apply uniformly throughout the state and no city, county,
city and county, including a charter city or charter county,
or fire protection district shall adopt or enforce any ordi-
nance or local rule or regulation relating to fire and panic

safety which is inconsistent with these regulations. A city,
county, city and county, including a charter city or charter
county may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13143.5, or a fire protection district may pursuant to
Health and Safety Code Section 13869. 7, adopt standards
more stringent than those adopted by the state fire mar-
shal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate local
climate, geological, or topographical conditions relating
to roof coverings for Residential-care Facilities for the
Elderly.

Exception: Local regulations relating to roof coverings
in facilities licensed as a Residential Care Facility for
the Elderly (RCFE) per Health and Safety Code Section
13133.

R335.3 Building height and area provisions.

R335.3.1 Limitations six or less clients. Group R-3.1
occupancies where nonambulatory clients are housed
above the first story, having more than two stories in
height or having more than 3,000 square feet (279 m^) of
floor area above the first story shall not be of less than
one-hour fire-resistance-rated construction throughout.

In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden cli-
ent, the client sleeping room shall not be located above or
below the first story.

Exception: Clients who become bedridden as a result
of a temporary illness as defined in Health and Safety
Code Sections 1566.45, 1568.0832 and 1569.72. A tem-
porary illness is an illness which persists for 14 days or
less. A bedridden client may be retained in excess of the
14 days upon approval by the Department of Social
Services and may continue to be housed on any story in
a Group R-3.1 occupancy classified as a licensed resi-
dential facility.

Every licensee admitting or retaining a bedridden resi-
dent shall, within 48 hours of the resident’s admission or
retention in the facility, notify the local fire authority with
jurisdiction of the estimated length of time the resident
will retain his or her bedridden status in the facility.

R335.3.2. Buildings housing protective social- care homes | |
or in occupancies housing inmates who are not restrained
need not be of one-hour fire-resistive construction when
not more than two stories in height. In no case shall indi-
vidual floor areas exceed 3,000 square feet (279 m^). The
fire-resistive protection of the exterior walls shall not be
less than one hour where such walls are located within 5
feet (1524 mm) of the property line. Openings within such
walls are not permitted. Openings in exterior nonrated
walls need not be protected.

R335.4 Interior finish provisions.

R335.4.1 Interior wall and ceiling finish. Group R-3.1
occupancies housing a bedridden client shall comply with
Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish requirements specified
for Group 1-2 occupancies in Table 803.11 of the Califor- | |
nia Building Code.

R335.5 Fire protection system provisions. I I

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R335.5.1 Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R-3.1
oecupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be
installed where required in Section R313.

Exceptions:

1. Existing Group R-3 occupancies converted to
Group R-3.1 occupancies not housing bedridden
clients, not housing nonambulatory clients above
the first floor, and not housing clients above the
second floor.

2. Existing Group R-3 occupancies converted to
Group R-3.1 occupancies housing only one bed-
ridden client and complying with Section
R335.6.3.3.

3. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13113 existing occupancies housing ambulatory
children only, none of whom are mentally ill chil-
dren or children with intellectual disabilities, and
the buildings or portions thereof in which such
children are housed are not more than two sto-
ries in height, and buildings or portions thereof
housing such children have an automatic fire
alarm system activated by approved smoke detec-
tors.

4. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section
13143.6 existing occupancies licensed for protec-
tive social care which house ambulatory clients
only, none of whom is a child ( under the age of 18
years), or who is elderly ( 65 years of age or over).

R335.5.2 Smoke alarms in Groups R-3.1 occupancies.

Smoke alarms shall be installed where required in Section
R314. In addition to the provisions set forth in Section
R314 the following shall apply:

1. Smoke alarms shall be provided throughout the hab-
itable areas of the dwelling unit except kitchens.

2. Facilities housing a bedridden client:

2.1. Smoke alarms shall receive their primary power
from the building wiring when such wiring is
served from a commercial source and shall be
equipped with a battery backup.

2.2. Smoke alarms shall be electrically intercon-
nected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound
a distinctive alarm signal upon actuation of any
single smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be
audible throughout the facility at a minimal
level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These
devices need not be interconnected to any other
fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be
electrically supervised or provided with emer-
gency power.

R335.5.2.1 Audible alarm signal. The audible signal
shall be the standard fire alarm evacuation signal,
ANSI S3.41 Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal,
“three pulse temporal pattern, ” as described in NFPA
72.

R335. 5.2.2 Hearing impaired. See Section 907.5.2.3 of
the California Building Code.

R335.5.2.3 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification | |
appliances shall be provided in accordance with Sec-
tions 907.5.2.3.1 through 907.5.2.3.5 of the California
Building Codes.

Exceptions:

1. Visible alarm notification appliances are not
required in alterations, except where an exist-
ing fire alarm system is upgraded or replaced,
or a new fire alarm system is installed.

2. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not
be required in enclosed exit stairways, exte-
rior exit stairs, and exterior exit ramps.

3. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not
be required in elevator cars.

R335.5.2.4 Group R-3.1. Protective social care facili- | |
ties which house persons who are hearing impaired,
shall be provided with notification appliances for the
hearing impaired installed in accordance with NFPA
72 and which shall activated upon initiation of the fire
alarm system or the smoke alarms.

Exception: The use of the existing evacuation sig-
naling scheme shall be permitted where approved by
the enforcing agency.

R335.6 Means of egress provisions.

R335.6.1 General. In addition to the general means of
egress requirements of Chapter 10 of the California Build-
ing Code, this section shall apply to Group R-3.1 occu-
pancies.

R335.6.2 Number of exits.

R335.6.2.1. Group R-3.1 occupancies shall have a min-
imum of two exits.

R335.6.3 Egress arrangements.

R335.6.3.1. Egress through adjoining dwelling units
shall not be permitted.

R335.6.3.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing nonam- | |
bulatory clients. In a Group R-3.1 occupancy, bed-
rooms used by nonambulatory clients shall have access
to at least one of the required exits which shall conform
to one of the following:

1. Egress through a hallway or area into a bedroom
in the immediate area which has an exit directly
to the exterior and the corridor/hallway is con-
structed consistent with the dwelling unit interior
walls. The hallway shall be separated from com-
mon areas by a solid wood door not less than ff
inch (35 mm) in thickness, maintained self-clos-
ing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of
a smoke detector installed in accordance with
Section 716.5.9 of the California Building Code. | |

2 . Egress through a hallway which has an exit
directly to the exterior. The hallway shall be sep-
arated from the rest of the house by a wall con-
structed consistent with the dwelling unit interior
walls and opening protected by a solid wood
door not less than ff inch (35 mm) in thickness.

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maintained self-closing or shall be automatic
closing by actuation of a smoke detector installed
in accordance with Section 716.5.9 of the Cali-
fornia Building Code.

3. Direct exit from the bedroom to the exterior, such
doors shall be of a size as to permit the installa-
tion of a door not less than 3 feet (914 mm) in
width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm)
in height. When installed, doors shall be capable
of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so
mounted that the clear width of the exit way is not
less than 32 inches (813 mm).

4. Egress through an adjoining bedroom which
exits to the exterior.

R335.6.3.3 Group R-3.I occupancies housing only
one bedridden client. In Group R-3.1 occupancies
housing a bedridden client and not provided with an
approved automatic fire sprinkler system, all of the fol-
lowing shall apply:

1. In Group R-3.1 Occupancies housing a bedrid-
den client, a direct exit to the exterior of the resi-
dence shall be provided from the client sleeping
room.

2. Doors to a bedridden client’s sleeping room shall
be of a self-closing, positive latching 7 % inch
solid wood door. Such doors shall be provided
with a gasket so installed as to provide a seal
where the door meets the jam on both sides and
across the top. Doors shall be maintained self-
closing or shall be automatic closing by actua-
tion of a smoke detector in accordance with Sec-
tion 716.5.9 of the California Building Code.

3. Group R-3.1 Occupancies housing a bedridden
client, shall not have a night latch, dead bolt,
security chain or any similar locking device
installed on any interior door leading from a bed-
ridden client’s sleeping room to any interior area
such as a corridor, hallway and or general use
areas of the residence in accordance with Chap-
ter 10 of the California Building Code.

4. The exterior exit door to a bedridden client’s
sleeping room shall be operable from both the
interior and exterior of the residence.

5. Every required exit doorway from a bedridden
client sleeping room shall be of a size as to per-
mit the installation of a door not less than 3 feet
(914 mm) in width and not less than 6 feet 8
inches (2032 mm) in height. When installed in
exit doorways, exit doors shall be capable of
opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so
mounted that the clear width of the exit way is not
less than 32 inches (813 mm).

Note: A sliding glass door can be used as an exte-
rior exit doorway as long as it is operable from the

inside and outside and the clear width of the exit

way is not less than 32 inches (813 mm).

R335.6.3.4 Intervening rooms. A means of exit shall | |
not pass through more than one intervening room. A
means of egress shall not pass through kitchens, store-
rooms, closets, garages or spaces used for similar pur-
poses.

Exception: Kitchens which do not form separate

rooms by construction.

R335.6.4 Changes in level. In Group R-3.1 occupancies | |
housing nonambulatory clients interior changes in level
up to 0.25 inch (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge
treatment. Changes in level between 0.25 inch (6 mm) and

0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no
greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50%
slope). Changes in level greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm)
shall be accomplished by means of a ramp.

R335.6.5 Stairways. Group R-3.1 occupancies may con- | |
tinue to use existing stairways ( except for winding and spi-
ral stairways which are not permitted as a required means
of egress) provided the stairs have a maximum rise of 8
inches (203 mm) with a minimum run of 9 inches (229
mm). The minimum stairway width may be 30 inches (762
mm).

R335.6.6 Floor separation. Group R-3.1 occupancies with
non-ambulatory clients housed above the first floor shall
be provided with a non-fire resistance constructed floor
separation at stairs which will prevent smoke migration
between floors. Such floor separation shall have equiva-
lent construction of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard
on one side of wall framing.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies with at least one exterior exit from
floors occupied by clients.

2. Occupancies provided with automatic fire sprin-
kler systems complying with Chapter 9.

R335. 6.6.1 Doors within floor separations. Doors | |
within such floor separations shall be tight fitting solid
wood at least fi/g inches (35 mm) in thickness. Door
glazing shall not exceed 1296 square inches (32 918
mm^) with no dimension greater than 54 inches (1372
mm). Such doors shall be positive latching, smoke gas-
keted and shall be automatic-closing by smoke detec-
tion.

R335.6.7 Fences and gates. Grounds of a Residential | |
Care for the Elderly facility serving Alzheimer clients may
be fenced and gates therein equipped with locks, provided
safe dispersal areas are located not less than 50 feet (15
240 mm) from the buildings. Dispersal areas shall be sized
to provide an area of not less than 3 square feet (0.28 m^)
per occupant. Gates shall not be installed across corridors
or passageways leading to such dispersal areas unless
they comply with egress requirements.

R335.6.8 Basement exits. One exit is required to grade | |
level when the basement is accessible to clients.

R335.6.9 Delayed egress locks. See Section 1010.1.9.7 of | |
the California Building Code.

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R335.7 Request for alternate means of protection for facili-
ties housing bedridden clients. Request for alternate means
of protection shall apply to Sections R335 through R335. 7.
Request for approval to use an alternative material, assembly
or materials, equipment, method of construction, method of
installation of equipment, or means of protection shall be
made in writing to the local fire authority having jurisdiction
by the facility, client or the client’s authorized representative.
Sufficient evidence shall be submitted to substantiate the need
for an alternate means of protection.

The facility, client or the client’s representative or the local
fire authority having jurisdiction may request a written opinion
from the State Fire Marshal concerning the interpretation of
the regulations promulgated by the State Fire Marshal for a
particular factual dispute. The State Fire Marshal shall issue
the written opinion within 45 days following the request.

Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,
assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction,
method of installation of equipment, or means of protection
made pursuant to this section shall be limited to Group R-3.1
occupancies housing a bedridden client.

Approvals made by the local fire authority having jurisdic-
tion and the written opinion by the State Fire Marshal shall
be applicable only to the requesting facility and shall not be
construed as establishing any precedent for any future
request by that facility or any other facility.

R335.8 Temporarily bedridden clients. Clients who become
temporarily bedridden as defined in Health and Safety Code
Section 1569. 72, as enforced by the Department of Social
Services, may continue to be housed on any story in Group R-
3.1 occupancies classified as Residential Care Facilities for
the Elderly (RCFE). Every Residential Care Facility for the
Elderly (RCEE) admitting or retaining a bedridden resident
shall, within 48 hours of the resident's admission or retention
in the facility, notify the local fire authority with jurisdiction
of the estimated length of time the resident will retain his or
her bedridden status in the facility.

R335.9 Group R. Buildings housing protective social-care
homes or in occupancies housing inmates who are not
restrained need not be of one-hour fire-resistive construction
when not more than two stories in height. In no case shall
individual floor areas exceed 3,000 square feet (279 m^). The
fire-resistive protection of the exterior walls shall not be less
than one hour where such walls are located within 5 feet
(1524 mm) of the property line. Openings within such walls
are not permitted. Openings in exterior nonrated walls need
not be protected.

SECTION R336

LARGE FAMIL Y DA Y-CARE HOMES

R336.1 Large family day-care homes.

R336.2. For purposes of clarification, Health and Safety
Code Section 1597.46 is repeated.

a. A city, county, or city and county shall not prohibit
large family day-care homes on lots zoned for single-
family dwellings, but shall do one of the following:

1. Classify these homes as a permitted use of residen-
tial property for zoning purposes.

2. Grant a nondiscretionary permit to use a lot zoned
for a single-family dwelling to any large family day
care home that complies with local ordinances pre-
scribing reasonable standards, restrictions, and
requirements concerning spacing and concentra-
tion, traffic control, parking, and noise control
relating to such homes, and complies with subdivi-
sion (d) and any regulations adopted by the State
Fire Marshal pursuant to that subdivision. Any
noise standards shall be consistent with local noise
ordinances implementing the noise element of the
general plan and shall take into consideration the
noise level generated by children. The permit
issued pursuant to this paragraph shall be granted
by the zoning administrator, if any, or if there is no
zoning administrator by the person or persons des-
ignated by the planning agency to grant such per-
mits, upon the certification without a hearing.

3. Require any large family day-care home to apply
for a permit to use a lot zoned for single-family
dwellings. The zoning administrator, if any, or if
there is no zoning administrator, the person or per-
sons designated by the planning agency to handle
the use permits shall review and decide the appli-
cations. The use permit shall be granted if the
large family day-care home complies with local
ordinances, if any, prescribing reasonable stan-
dards, restrictions, and requirements concerning
spacing and concentration, traffic control, parking,
and noise control relating to such homes, and com-
plies with subdivision (d) and any regulations
adopted by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to that
subdivision.

Any noise standards shall be consistent with
local noise ordinances implementing the noise ele-
ment of the general plan and shall take into consid-
eration the noise levels generated by children.

The local government shall process any required
permit as economically as possible, and fees
charged for review shall not exceed the costs of the
review and permit process. Not less than 10 days
prior to the date on which the decision will be made
on the application, the zoning administrator or per-
son designated to handle such use permits shall give
notice of the proposed use by mail or delivery to all
owners shown on the last equalized assessment roll
as owning real property within a 100 foot radius of
the exterior boundaries of the proposed large family
day care home. No hearing on the application for a
permit issued pursuant to this paragraph shall be
held before a decision is made unless a hearing is
requested by the applicant or other affected person.
The applicant or other affected person may appeal
the decision. The appellant shall pay the cost, if any
of the appeal.

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b. A large family day-care home shall not be subject to the
provisions of Division 13 ( commencing with Section
21000) of the Public Resources Code.

c. Use of a single-family dwelling for the purposes of a
large family day-care home shall not constitute a
change of occupancy for purposes of Part 1.5 (com-
mencing with Section 17910) of Division 13 (State
Housing Law), or for purposes of local building and
fire codes.

d. Large family day-care homes shall be considered as
single-family residences for the purposes of the State
Uniform Building Standards Code and local building
and fire codes, except with respect to any additional
standards specifically designed to promote the fire
and life safety of the children in these homes adopted
by the State Fire Marshal pursuant to this subdivi-
sion.

I I R336.3 Smoke alarms. Large family day-care homes shall be
equipped with State Fire Marshal approved and listed single
station residential type smoke alarms. The number and place-
ment of smoke alarms shall be determined by the enforcement
authority.

I I R336.4 Fire extinguishers. Large and small family day-care
homes shall be equipped with a portable fire extinguisher
having a minimum 2A10BC rating.

I I R336.5 Fire alarm devices. Every large family day-care
home shall be provided with at least one manual device at a
location approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Such
device shall actuate afire alarm signal, which shall be audi-
ble throughout the facility at a minimum level of 15 db above
ambient noise level. These devices need not be interconnected
to any other fire alarm device, have a control panel or be
electrically supervised or provided with emergency power.
Such device or devices shall be attached to the structure and
may be of any type acceptable to the enforcing agent, pro-
vided that such devices are distinctive in tone and are audible
throughout the structure.

I I R336.6 Compliance. Every large family day-care home shall
comply with the provisions for Group R-3 occupancies and, if
appropriate. Section R336.1. For the purposes of Section
R336.1, the first story shall be designated as the floor used
for residential occupancy nearest to the street level which
provides primary access to the building.

Enforcement of the provisions shall be in accordance with
the Health and Safety Code Sections 13145 and 13146. No
city, county, city and county, or district shall adopt or enforce
any building ordinance or local rule or regulation relating to
the subject of fire and life safety in large-family day-care
homes which is inconsistent with those standards adopted by
the State Fire Marshal, except to the extent the building ordi-
nance or local rule or regulation applies to single-family res-
idences in which day care is not provided.

I I R336.7 Special hazards. Every unenclosed gas-fired water
heater or furnace which is within the area used for child care

in a large family day-care home shall be protected in such a
way as to prevent children from making contact with those
appliances.

Exception: This does not apply to kitchen stoves or ovens.

R336.8 Exiting. Every story or basement of a large family | |
day-care home shall be provided with two exits which are
remotely located from each other. Every required exit shall
be of a size to permit the installation of a door not less than
32 inches (813mm) in clear width and not less than 6 feet 8
inches (2032 mm) in height. A manually operated horizon-
tal sliding door may be used as one of the two required
exits.

Where basements are used for day-care purposes, one of
the two required exits shall provide access directly to the
exterior without entering the first story. The second exit from
the basement may either pass through the story above or exit
directly to the exterior.

Rooms used for day-care purposes shall not be located
above the first story.

Exception: Buildings equipped with an automatic sprin-
kler system throughout and which have at least one of the
required exits providing access directly to the exterior.
NFPA 13R may be used in large family day-care homes.

The sprinkler omissions of NEPA 13R shall not apply
unless approved by the enforcing agency.

Exit doors, including manually operated horizontal sliding
doors, shall be openable from the inside without use of a key
or any special knowledge or effort.

SECTION R337 I I

MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

SECTION R337.1 I I

SCOPE, PURPOSE AND APPLICATION

R337.1.1 Scope. This chapter applies to building materi- | |
als, systems and or assemblies used in the exterior design
and construction of new buildings located within a Wild-
land-Urban Interface Fire Area as defined in Section
R337.2A. I I

R337.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to estab- | |

lish minimum standards for the protection of life and
property by increasing the ability of a building located in
any Fire Hazard Severity Zone within State Responsibility
Areas or any Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area to resist
the intrusion of flame or burning embers projected by a
vegetation fire and contributes to a systematic reduction in
conflagration losses.

R337.1.3 Application. New buildings located in any Fire | |

Hazard Severity Zone or any Wildland-Urban Interface
Fire Area designated by the enforcing agency constructed

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after the application date shall comply with the provisions
of this chapter.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings of an accessory character classified as
a Group U occupancy and not exceeding 120
square feet in floor area, when located at least 30
feet from an applicable building.

2. Buildings of an accessory character classified as
Group U occupancy of any size located least 50
feet from an applicable building.

3. Buildings classified as a Group U Agricultural
Building, as defined in Section 202 of this code
{see also Appendix C - Group U Agricultural
Buildings), when located at least 50 feet from an
applicable building.

4. Additions to and remodels of buildings originally
constructed prior to the applicable application
date.

R337. 1.3.1 Application date and where required. New

buildings for which an application for a building per-
mit is submitted on or after July 1, 2008 located in any
Fire Hazard Severity Zone or Wildland Interface Fire
Area shall comply with all sections of this chapter,
including all of the following areas:

1. All unincorporated lands designated by the State
Board of Forestry and Fire Protection as State
Responsibility Area ( SRA ) including:

1.1. Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zones

1.2. High Fire Hazard Severity Zones

1.3. Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zones

2. Land designated as Very-High Fire Hazard
Severity Zone by cities and other local agencies.

3. Land designated as Wildland Interface Fire Area
by cities and other local agencies.

Exceptions:

1. New buildings located in any Fire Hazard
Severity Zone within State Responsibility
Areas, for which an application for a build-
ing permit is submitted on or after January
1, 2008, shall comply with all sections of
this chapter.

2. New buildings located in any Fire Hazard
Severity Zone within State Responsibility
Areas or any Wildland Interface Fire Area
designated by cities and other local agen-
cies for which an application for a building
permit is submitted on or after December 1,
2005 but prior to July 1, 2008, shall only
comply with the following sections of this
chapter:

2.1. Section R337.5 - Roofing

2.2. Section R337.6 - Vents

R337.1.4 Inspection and certification. Building permit | |
applications and final completion approvals for buildings
within the scope and application of this chapter shall com-
ply with the following:

1. Building permit issuance. The local building official
shall, prior to construction, provide the owner or
applicant a certification that the building as pro-
posed to be built complies with all applicable state
and local building standards, including those for
materials and construction methods for wildfire
exposure as described in this chapter. Issuance of a
building permit by the local building official for the
proposed building shall be considered as complying
with this section.

2. Building permit final. The local building official
shall, upon completion of construction, provide the
owner or applicant with a copy of the final inspec-
tion report that demonstrates the building was con-
structed in compliance with all applicable state and
local building standards, including those for materi-
als and construction methods for wildfire exposure
as described in this chapter. Issuance of a certificate
of occupancy by the local building official for the
proposed building shall be considered as complying
with this section.

R337.1.5 Vegetation management compliance. Prior to | |
building permit final approval, the property shall be in
compliance with the vegetation management requirements
prescribed in California Fire Code Section 4906, includ-
ing California Public Resources Code 4291 or California
Government Code Section 51182. Acceptable methods of
compliance inspection and documentation shall be deter-
mined by the enforcing agency and may include any of the
following:

1. Local, state, or federal fire authority or designee
authorized to enforce vegetation management
requirements.

2. Enforcing agency.

3. Third party inspection and certification authorized
to enforce vegetation management requirements.

4. Property owner certification authorized by the
enforcing agency.

SECTION R337.2 I I

DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this chapter, certain terms are defined
below:

CDF DIRECTOR means the Director of the California
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

EXTERIOR COVERING. The exposed siding or cladding
material applied to the exterior side of an exterior wall,
roof eave soffit, floor projection or exposed underfloor
framing.

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FIRE PROTECTION PLAN is a document prepared for a
specific project or development proposed for a Wildland-
Urban Interface Fire Area. It describes ways to minimize and
mitigate potential for loss from wildfire exposure. The fire
protection plan shall be in accordance with this chapter and
the California Fire Code, Chapter 49. When required by the
enforcing agency for the purposes of granting modifications,
a fire protection plan shall be submitted. Only locally
adopted ordinances that have been filed with the California
Building Standards Commission or the Department of Hous-
ing and Community Development in accordance with Section
1.1.8 shall apply.

FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES are geographical
areas designated pursuant to California Public Resources
Codes Sections 4201 through 4204 and classified as Very-
High, High, or Moderate in State Responsibility Areas or as
Local Agency Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zones desig-
nated pursuant to California Government Code Sections
51175 through 51189. See California Fire Code Article 86.

The California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section
1280 entitles the maps of these geographical areas as “Maps
of the Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the State Responsibility
Area of California. ”

HEAVY TIMBER. A type of construction classification spec-
ified in Section R602. For use in this chapter, heavy timber
shall be sawn lumber or glue laminated wood with the small-
est minimum nominal dimension of 4 inches (102 mm). Heavy
timber walls or floors shall be sawn or glue-laminated planks
splined, tongue-and- grove, or set close together and well
spiked.

IGNITION-RESISTANT MATERIAL. A type of building
material that resists ignition or sustained flaming combustion
sufficiently so as to reduce losses from wildland-urban inter-
face conflagrations under worst-case weather and fuel condi-
tions with wildfire exposure of burning embers and small
I I flames, as prescribed in Section R337.3 and SFM Standard
12-7A-5, Ignition-Resistant Material.

LOCAL AGENCY VERY-HIGH EIRE HAZARD SEVER-
ITY ZONE means an area designated by a local agency upon
the recommendation of the CDF Director pursuant to Gov-
ernment Code Sections 51177(c), 51178 and 5118 that is not
a state responsibility area and where a local agency, city,
county, city and county, or district is responsible for fire
protection.

LOG WALL CONSTRUCTION. A type of construction in
which exterior walls are constructed of solid wood members
and where the smallest horizontal dimension of each solid
wood member is at least 6 inches ( 152 mm).

RAFTER TAIL. The portion of roof rafter framing in a slop-
ing roof assembly that projects beyond and overhangs an
exterior wall.

ROOE EAVE. The lower portion of a sloping roof assembly
that projects beyond and overhangs an exterior wall at the
lower end of the rafter tails. Roof eaves may be either “open"
or “enclosed. ” Open roof eaves have exposed rafter tails and
an unenclosed space on the underside of the roof deck.

Enclosed roof eaves have a boxed-in roof eave soffit with a
horizontal underside or sloping rafter tails with an exterior
covering applied to the underside of the rafter tails.

ROOE EAVE SOEEIT. An enclosed boxed-in soffit under a
roof eave with exterior covering material applied to the soffit
framing creating a horizontal surface on the exposed under-
side.

STATE RESPONSIBILITY AREA means lands that are
classified by the Board of Forestry pursuant to Public
Resources Code Section 4125 where the financial responsi-
bility of preventing and suppressing forest fires is primarily
the responsibility of the state.

WILDFIRE is any uncontrolled fire spreading through vege-
tative fuels that threatens to destroy life, property or
resources as defined in Public Resources Code Sections 4103
and 4104.

WILDEIRE EXPOSURE is one or a combination of radiant
heat, convective heat, direct flame contact and burning
embers being projected by vegetation fire to a structure and
its immediate environment.

WILDLAND-URBAN INTEREACE FIRE AREA is a geo-
graphical area identified by the state as a “Fire Hazard
Severity Zone" in accordance with the Public Resources
Code Sections 4201 through 4204 and Government Code
Sections 51175 through 51189, or other areas designated by
the enforcing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires.

SECTION R337.3 I I

STANDARDS OF QUALITY

R337.3.1 General. Building material, systems, assemblies | |
and methods of construction used in this chapter shall be
in accordance with Section R337.3.

R337.3.2 Qualification by testing. Material and material
assemblies tested in accordance with the requirements of
Section R337.3 shall be accepted for use when the results | |
and conditions of those tests are met. Product evaluation
testing of material and material assemblies shall be
approved or listed by the State Fire Marshal, or identified
in a current report issued by an approved agency.

R337.3.3 Approved agency. Product evaluation testing | |
shall be performed by an approved agency as defined in
Section 1702 of the California Building Code. The scope | |
of accreditation for the approved agency shall include
building product compliance with code.

R337.3.4 Labeling. Material and material assemblies | |
tested in accordance with the requirements of Section
R337.3 shall bear an identification label showing the fire | |
test results. That identification label shall be issued by a
testing and/or inspecting agency approved by the State
Fire Marshal.

1. Identification mark of the approved testing and/or
inspecting agency.

2. Contact and identification information of the manu-
facturer.

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3. Model number or identification of the product or
material.

4. Pre-test weathering specified in this chapter.

5. Compliance standard as described under Section
R337.3.7.

R337.3.5 Weathering and surface treatment protection.

R337.3.5.1 General. Material and material assemblies
tested in accordance with the requirements of Section
R337.3 shall maintain their fire test performance under
conditions of use when installed in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.

R337.3.5.2 Weathering. Fire-retardant-treated wood
and fire-retardant-treated wood shingles and shakes
shall meet the fire test performance requirements of
this chapter after being subjected to the weathering
conditions contained in the following standards, as
applicable to the materials and the conditions of use.

R337.3.5.2.1 Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-
retardant-treated wood shall be tested in accor-
dance with ASTM D2898, “Standard Practice for
Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant Treated
Wood for Fire Testing (Method A)’’ and the require-
ments of Section 2303.2 of the California Building
Code.

R337.3.5.2.2 Fire-retardant-treated wood shingles
and shakes. Fire-retardant-treated wood shingles
and shakes shall be approved and listed by the State
Fire Marshal in accordance with Section 208(c),
Title 19 California Code of Regulations.

R337.3.5.3 Surface treatment protection. The use of

paints, coatings, stains, or other surface treatments are
not an approved method of protection as required in
this section.

R337.3.6 Alternates for materials, design, tests and meth-
ods of construction. The enforcing agency is permitted to
modify the provisions of this chapter for site-specific con-
ditions in accordance with Section 1.11.2.4. When
required by the enforcing agency for the purposes of
granting modifications, afire protection plan shall be sub-
mitted in accordance with the California Fire Code,
Chapter 49.

R337.3.7 Standards of quality. The State Fire Marshal
standards for exterior wildfire exposure protection listed
below and as referenced in this chapter are located in the
California Referenced Standards Code, Part 12 and
Chapter 35 of this code.

SFM Standard 12-7A-1, Exterior Wall Siding and
Sheathing. Afire resistance test standard consisting
of a 150 kW intensity direct flame exposure for a 10
minutes duration.

SFM Standard 12-7A-2, Exterior Windows. A fire
resistance test standard consisting of a 150 kW
intensity direct flame exposure for a 8 minutes dura-
tion.

SFM Standard 12-7A-3, Horizontal Projection Under-
side A fire resistance test standard consisting of a

300 kW intensity direct flame exposure for a 10 min-
ute duration.

SFM Standard 12-7A-4, Decking. A two-part test con-
sisting of a heat release rate (Part A) deck assembly
combustion test with an under deck exposure of 80
kW intensity direct flame for a 3 minute duration,
and a (Part B) sustained deck assembly combustion
test consisting of a deck upper surface burning
ember exposure with a 12 mph wind for 40 minutes
using a 2.2 lb (1 kg) burning “Class A” size 12” x
12” X 2.25” (300 mm x 300 mm x 57 mm) roof test
brand.

SFM Standard 12-7A-4A, Decking Alternate Method
A. A heat release rate deck assembly combustion test
with an under deck exposure of 80 kW intensity
direct flame for a 3 minute duration.

SFM Standard 12-7A-5, Ignition-Resistant Material. A
generic building material surface burning flame
spread test standard consisting of an extended 30
minute ASTM E84 or UL 723 test method as is used
for Fire-Retardant-Treated wood.

SECTION R337.4 I I

IGNITION RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION

R337.4.1 General. The materials prescribed herein for | |
ignition resistance shall conform to the requirements of
this chapter.

R337.4.2 Ignition-resistant material. Ignition-resistant | |
material shall be determined in accordance with the test
procedures set forth in SFM Standard 12-7A-5 “Ignition-
Resistant Material” or in accordance with this section.

R337.4.3 Alternative methods for determining ignition- | |
resistant material. Any one of the following shall be
accepted as meeting the definition of ignition-resistant
material:

1. Noncombustible material. Material that complies
with the definition for noncombustible materials in
Section 202.

2. Fire-retardant-treated wood. Fire-retardant-treated
wood identified for exterior use that complies with
the requirements of Section 2303.2 of the California
Building Code.

3. Fire-retardant-treated wood shingles and shakes.
Fire-retardant-treated wood shingles and shakes, as
defined in Section 1505.6 of the California Building
Code and listed by State Fire Marshal for use as
“Class B” roof covering, shall be accepted as an
Ignition-resistant wall covering material when
installed over solid sheathing.

SECTION R337.5 I I

ROOFING

R337.5.1 General. Roofs shall comply with the require-
ments of Sections R337 and R902. Roofs shall have a roof-

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ing assembly installed in accordance with its listing and
the manufacturer's installation instructions.

R337.5.2 Roof coverings. Where the roof profile allows
a space between the roof covering and roof decking, the
spaces shall be constructed to prevent the intrusion of
flames and embers, be firestopped with approved materi-
als or have one layer of minimum 72 pound (32.4 kg)
mineral-surfaced nonperforated cap sheet complying
with ASTM D3909 installed over the combustible deck-
ing.

R337.5.3 Roof valleys. Where valley flashing is installed,
the flashing shall be not less than 0.019-inch (0.48 mm)
No. 26 gage galvanized sheet corrosion-resistant metal
installed over not less than one layer of minimum 72-
pound (32.4 kg) mineral-surfaced nonperforated cap sheet
complying with ASTM D3909, at least 36-inch-wide (914
mm) running the full length of the valley.

R337.5.4 Roof gutters. Roof gutters shall be provided with
the means to prevent the accumulation of leaves and
debris in the gutter.

SECTION R337.6
VENTS

R337.6.1 General. Where provided, ventilation openings
for enclosed attics, enclosed eave soffit spaces, enclosed
rafter spaces formed where ceilings are applied directly
to the underside of roof rafters, and underfloor ventila-
tion shall be in accordance with Section 1203 of the Cal-
ifornia Building Code and Sections R337.6.1 through
R337.6.3 of this section to resist building ignition from
the intrusion of burning embers and flame through the
ventilation opening.

R337.6.2 Requirements. Ventilation openings for enclosed
attics, enclosed eave soffit spaces, enclosed rafter spaces
formed where ceilings are applied directly to the underside
of roof rafters, and underfloor ventilation openings shall be
fully covered with metal wire mesh, vents, other materials,
or other devices that meet one of the following require-
ments:

1. Listed vents complying with ASTM E2886 with the
following test results:

1.1. The Ember Intrusion Test shall have no flaming
ignition of the cotton material.

1.2. There shall be no flaming ignition during the
Integrity Test portion of the Elame Intrusion
Test. The maximum temperature of the unex-
posed side of the vent shall not exceed 662° E
(350°C).

2. Vents complying with all of the following:

exposed surface of the vent covered by non-
combustible wire mesh, may be of combustible
materials.

2.3. The materials used shall be corrosion resistant.

R337.6.3 Ventilation openings on the underside of eaves
and cornices. Vents shall not be installed on the underside
of eaves and cornices.

Exceptions:

1. Listed vents complying with ASTM E2886 with
the following test results:

1.1. The Ember Intrusion Test shall have no
flaming ignition of the cotton material.

1.2. There shall be no flaming ignition during the
Integrity Test portion of the Flame Intrusion
Test. The maximum temperature of the unex-
posed side of the vent shall not exceed 662°F
(350°C).

2. The enforcing agency may accept or approve
special eave and cornice vents that resist the
intrusion of flame and burning embers.

3. Vents complying with the requirements of Section
R337.6.2 may be installed on the underside of
eaves and cornices in accordance with either one
of the following conditions:

3.1. The attic space being ventilated is fully pro- | |
tected by an automatic sprinkler system
installed in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 of the California Building Code

or,

3.2. The exterior wall covering and exposed | |
underside of the eave are of noncombustible
material, or ignition-resistant-materials as
determined in accordance with SFM Stan-
dard 12-7A-5 Ignition-Resistant Material
and the vent is located more than 12 feet
from the ground or walking surface of a
deck, porch, patio, or similar surface.

SECTION R337.7 I I

EXTERIOR COVERING

R337.7.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall gov- | |
em the materials and construction methods used to resist
building ignition and/or safeguard against the intrusion of
flames resulting from small ember and short-term direct
flame contact exposure.

R337.7.2 General. The following exterior covering mate- | |
rials and/or assemblies shall comply with this section:

1. Exterior wall covering material.

2. Exterior wall assembly.

3. Exterior exposed underside of roof eave overhangs.

4. Exterior exposed underside of roof eave soffits.

2.1. The dimensions of the openings therein shall be
a minimum of rfjg inch (1.6 mm) and shall not
exceed Vg inch (3.2 mm).

2.2. The materials used shall be noncombustible.

Exception: Vents located under the roof cov-
ering, along the ridge of roofs, with the

5. Exposed underside of exterior porch ceilings.

6. Exterior exposed underside of floor projections.

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7 . Exterior underfloor areas.

Exceptions:

1. Exterior wall architectural trim, embellishments,
fascias and gutters.

2. Roof or wall top comice projections and similar
assemblies.

3. Roof assembly projections over gable end walls.

4. Solid wood rafter tails and solid wood blocking
installed between rafters having minimum dimen-
sion 2 inch (50.8 mm) nominal.

5. Deck walking surfaces shall comply with Section
R337.9 only.

R337.7.3 Exterior walls. The exterior wall covering or
wall assembly shall comply with one of the following
requirements:

1. Noncombustible material.

2. Ignition-resistant material.

3. Heavy timber exterior wall assembly.

4. Log wall construction assembly.

5. Wall assemblies that meet the performance criteria
in accordance with the test procedures for a 10-min-
ute direct flame contact exposure test set forth in
SFM Standard 12-7A-1.

Exception: Any of the following shall be deemed to
meet the assembly performance criteria and intent of
this section:

1. One layer of ^/g-inch Type X gypsum sheathing
applied behind the exterior covering or cladding
on the exterior side of the framing.

2. The exterior portion of a 1-hour fire resistive
exterior wall assembly designed for exterior fire
exposure including assemblies using the gypsum
panel and sheathing products listed in the Gyp-
sum Association Eire Resistance Design Manual.

R337.7.3.1 Extent of exterior wall covering. Exterior
wall coverings shall extend from the top of the founda-
tion to the roof, and terminate at 2 inch (50.8 mm) nomi-
nal solid wood blocking between rafters at all roof
overhangs, or in the case of enclosed eaves, terminate at
the enclosure.

R337.7.4 Open roof eaves. The exposed roof deck on the
underside of unenclosed roof eaves shall consist of one of
the following:

1. Noncombustible material.

2. Ignition-resistant material.

3. One layer of ^/g-inch Type X gypsum sheathing
applied behind an exterior covering on the under-
side exterior of the roof deck.

4. The exterior portion of a 1 -hour fire resistive exte-
rior wall assembly applied to the underside of the
roof deck designed for exterior fire exposure includ-
ing assemblies using the gypsum panel and sheath-

ing products listed in the Gypsum Association Fire
Resistance Design Manual.

Exceptions: The following materials do not require
protection:

1. Solid wood rafter tails on the exposed underside
of open roof eaves having a minimum nominal
dimension of 2 inch (50.8 mm).

2. Solid wood blocking installed between rafter tails
on the exposed underside of open roof eaves hav-
ing a minimum nominal dimension of 2 inch (50.8
mm).

3. Gable end overhangs and roof assembly projec-
tions beyond an exterior wall other than at the
lower end of the rafter tails.

4. Fascia and other architectural trim boards.

R337.7.5 Enclosed roof eaves and roof eave soffits. The | |

exposed underside of enclosed roof eaves having either a
boxed-in roof eave soffit with a horizontal underside, or
sloping rafter tails with an exterior covering applied to the
underside of the rafter tails, shall be protected by one of
the following:

1. Noncombustible material.

2. Ignition-resistant material.

3. One layer of ^/g-inch Type X gypsum sheathing
applied behind an exterior covering on the under-
side of the rafter tails or sojfit.

4. The exterior portion of a 1 -hour fire resistive exterior
wall assembly applied to the underside of the rafter
tails or sojfit including assemblies using the gypsum
panel and sheathing products listed in the Gypsum
Association Fire Resistance Design Manual.

5. Boxed-in roof eave soffit assemblies with a horizon-
tal underside that meet the performance criteria in
accordance with the test procedures set forth in
either of the following:

5.1. SFM Standard 12-7A-3; or

5.2. ASTME2957

Exceptions: The following materials do not require
protection:

1. Gable end overhangs and roof assembly projec-
tions beyond an exterior wall other than at the
lower end of the rafter tails.

2. Fascia and other architectural trim boards.

R337.7.6 Exterior poreh ceilings. The exposed underside | |
of exterior porch ceilings shall be protected by one of the
following:

1. Noncombustible material.

2. Ignition-resistant material.

3. One layer of ^/g-inch Type X gypsum sheathing
applied behind the exterior covering on the under-
side of the ceiling.

4. The exterior portion of a 1 -hour fire resistive exterior
wall assembly applied to the underside of the ceiling

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assembly including assemblies using the gypsum
panel and sheathing products listed in the Gypsum
Association Fire Resistance Design Manual.

5. Porch ceiling assemblies with a horizontal under-
side that meet the performance criteria in accor-
dance with the test procedures set forth in either of
the following:

5.1. SFM Standard 12-7A-3; or

5.2. ASTME2957

Exception: Architectural trim boards.

R337.7.7 Floor projections. The exposed underside of a
cantilevered floor projection where a floor assembly
extends over an exterior wall shall be protected by one of
the following:

1. Noncombustible material.

2. Ignition-resistant material.

3. One layer of ^/g-inch Type X gypsum sheathing
applied behind an exterior covering on the under-
side of the floor projection.

4. The exterior portion of a 1 -hour fire resistive exte-
rior wall assembly applied to the underside of the
floor projection including assemblies using the gyp-
sum panel and sheathing products listed in the Gyp-
sum Association Fire Resistance Design Manual.

5. The underside of a floor projection assembly that
meet the performance criteria in accordance with the
test procedures set forth in either of the following:

5.1. SFM Standard 12-7A-3; or

5.2. ASTME2957

Exception: Architectural trim boards.

R337.7.8 Underfloor protection. The underfloor area of
elevated or overhanging buildings shall be enclosed to
grade in accordance with the requirements of this chapter
or the underside of the exposed underfloor shall consist of
one of the following:

1. Noncombustible material.

2. Ignition-resistant material.

3. One layer of ^/g-inch Type X gypsum sheathing
applied behind an exterior covering on the under-
side of the floor projection.

4. The exterior portion of a 1 -hour fire resistive exte-
rior wall assembly applied to the underside of the
floor including assemblies using the gypsum panel
and sheathing products listed in the Gypsum Associ-
ation Eire Resistance Design Manual.

5. The underside of a floor assembly that meets the
performance criteria in accordance with the test
procedures set forth in either of the following :

5.1. SFM Standard 12-7A-3; or

5.2. ASTME2957

Exception: Heavy-timber structural columns and
beams do not require protection.

R337.7.9 Underside of appendages. When required by | |
the enforcing agency the underside of overhanging
appendages shall be enclosed to grade in accordance
with the requirements of this chapter or the underside of
the exposed underfloor shall consist of one of the follow-
ing:

1. Noncombustible material.

2. Ignition-resistant material.

3. One layer of ^/g-inch Type X gypsum sheathing
applied behind an exterior covering on the under-
side of the floor projection.

5. The underside of a floor assembly that meets the
performance criteria in accordance with the test
procedures set forth in either of the following:

5.1. SFM Standard 12-7A-3; or

5.2. ASTME2957

Exception: Heavy-timber structural columns and
beams do not require protection.

SECTION R337.8 I I

EXTERIOR WINDOWS AND DOORS

R337.8.1 General.

R337.8.2 Exterior glazing. The following exterior glazing
materials and/or assemblies shall comply with this sec-
tion:

1. Exterior windows.

2. Exterior glazed doors.

3. Glazed openings within exterior doors.

4. Glazed openings within exterior garage doors.

5. Exterior structural glass veneer.

R337.8.2.1 Exterior windows and exterior glazed door | |
assembly requirements. Exterior windows and exterior
glazed door assemblies shall comply with one of the
following requirements:

1. Be constructed of multipane glazing with a mini-

mum of one tempered pane meeting the require-
ments of Section R308 Safety Glazing, or | |

2. Be constructed of glass block units, or

3. Have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 20
minutes when tested according to NEPA 257, or

4. Be tested to meet the performance requirements
ofSEM Standard 12-7A-2.

R337.8.2.2 Structural glass veneer. The wall assembly | |
behind structural glass veneer shall comply with Sec-
tion R3 37. 7. 3. I I

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R337.8.3 Exterior doors. Exterior doors shall comply with
one of the following:

1. The exterior surface or cladding shall be of noncom-
bustible or Ignition-resistant material, or

2. Shall be constructed of solid core wood that comply
with the following requirements:

2.1. Stiles and rails shall not be less than 1^/g inches
thick

2.2. Raised panels shall not be less than 7V^ inches
thick, except for the exterior perimeter of the
raised panel that may taper to a tongue not less
than ^/g inch thick.

3. Shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than
20 minutes when tested according to NFPA 252.

4. Shall be tested to meet the performance require-
ments ofSFM Standard 12-7A-1.

R337.8.3.1 Exterior door glazing. Glazing in exterior
doors shall comply with Section R337.8.2.1.

SECTION R337.9
DECKING

R337.9.1 General. The walking surface material of decks,
porches, balconies and stairs shall comply with the
requirements of this section.

R337.9.2 Where required. The walking surface material
of decks, porches, balconies and stairs shall comply with
the requirements of this section when any portion of such
surface is within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the building.

R337.9.3 Decking surfaces. The walking surface material
of decks, porches, balconies and stairs shall be con-
structed with one of the following materials:

1. Ignition-resistant material that complies with the
performance requirements of both SFM Standard
12-7A-4 and SFM Standard 12-7A-5.

2. Exterior fire retardant treated wood.

3. Noncombustible material.

4. Any material that complies with the performance
requirements of SFM Standard 12-7A-4A when
attached exterior wall covering is also either non-
combustible or ignition-resistant material.

Exception: Wall material may be of any material
that otherwise complies with this chapter when
the decking surface material complies with the
performance requirements ASTM E84 with a
Class B flame spread rating.

SECTION R337.10
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES

R337.10.1 General. Accessory and miscellaneous struc-
tures, other than buildings covered by Section R337.1.3,
which pose a significant exterior exposure hazard to

applicable buildings during wildfires shall be constructed
to conform to the ignition resistance requirements of this
section.

R337.10.2 Applicability. The provisions of this section | |
shall apply to trellises, arbors, patio covers, carports,
gazebos, and similar structures of an accessory or miscel-
laneous character.

Exceptions:

1. Decks shall comply with the requirements of Sec-
tion R3 37. 9. I I

2. Awnings and canopies shall comply with the
requirements of Section 3105 of the California
Building Code.

R337.10.3 Where required. Accessory structures shall
comply with the requirements of this section.

R337. 10.3.1. Attached accessory structures shall com- | |
ply with the requirements of this section.

R337. 10.3.2. When required by the enforcing agency, | |
detached accessory structures within 50 feet of an
applicable building shall comply with the requirements
of this section.

R337.10.4 Requirements. When required by the enforcing | |
agency accessory structures shall be constructed of non-
combustible or ignition-resistant materials.

SECTION R338 I I

ELECTRIC VEHICLE

R338.1 Electric vehicle. An automotive-type vehicle for high- | |
way use, such as passenger automobiles, buses, trucks, vans
and the like, primarily powered by an electric motor that
draws current from a rechargeable storage battery, fuel cell,
photovoltaic array or other source of electric current. For the
purpose of this chapter, electric motorcycles and similar type
vehicles and off-road self-propelled electric vehicles such as
industrial trucks, hoists, lifts, transports, golf carts, airline
ground support equipment, tractors, boats and the like, are
not included.

R338.2 Charging. In any building or interior area used for | |
charging electric vehicles, electrical equipment shall be
installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

R338.3 Ventilation. Mechanical exhaust ventilation, when | |
required by the California Electrical Code shall be provided
at a rate as required by Article 625 or as required by Section
1203 of the California Building Code whichever is greater.

The ventilation system shall include both the supply and
exhaust equipment and shall be permanently installed and
located to intake supply air from the outdoors, and vent the
exhaust directly to, the outdoors without conducting the
exhaust air through other spaces within the building.

Exception: Positive pressure ventilation systems shall
only be allowed in buildings or areas that have been
designed and approved for that application.

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I I R338.4 Electrical interface. The electrical supply circuit to
electrically powered mechanical ventilation equipment shall
be interlocked with the recharging equipment used to supply
the vehicle(s) being charged, and shall remain energized
during the entire charging cycle. Electric vehicle recharging
equipment shall be marked or labeled in accordance with the
California Electrical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Exhaust ventilation shall not be required in areas
with an approved engineered ventilation system,
which maintains a hydrogen gas concentration at
less than 25 percent of the lower flammability limit.

2. Mechanical exhaust ventilation for hydrogen shall
not be required where the charging equipment uti-
lized is installed and listed for indoor charging of
electric vehicles without ventilation.

I I SECTION R340

POLLUTANT CONTROL

I I R340.1 Einish material pollutant control. Finish materials
including adhesives, sealants, caulks, paints and coatings,
aerosol paints and coatings, carpet systems, carpet cushion,
carpet adhesive, resilient flooring systems and composite
wood products shall meet the volatile organic compound
(VOC) emission limits in accordance with the California
Green Building Standards Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.5.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 4 - FOUNDATIONS

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

SS/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter / Section

R401 .2

R401.4.1.1 through
R401.4.1.1.5

R404.5.1

R408.3

R408.4

CHAPTER 4

FOUNDATIONS

SECTION R401
GENERAL

R401.1 Application. The provisions of this chapter shall
control the design and construction of the foundation and
foundation spaces for buildings. In addition to the provisions
of this chapter, the design and construction of foundations in
flood hazard areas as established by Table R301.2(l) shall
meet the provisions of Section R322. Wood foundations shall
be designed and installed in accordance with AWC PWF.

Exception: The provisions of this chapter shall be permit-
ted to be used for wood foundations only in the following
situations:

1 . In buildings that have no more than two floors and a
roof.

2. Where interior basement and foundation walls are
constructed at intervals not exceeding 50 feet (15
240 mm).

Wood foundations in Seismic Design Category Dq, Dj or
D 2 shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering
practice.

R401.2 Requirements. Foundation construction shall be
capable of accommodating all loads in accordance with Sec-
tion R301 and of transmitting the resulting loads to the sup-
porting soil. Fill soils that support footings and foundations
shall be designed, installed and tested in accordance with
accepted engineering practice. Gravel fill used as footings for

wood and precast concrete foundations shall comply with
Section R403.

Note: See Section R301. 1.1.1 for limited-density owner-
built rural dwellings.

R401.3 Drainage. Surface drainage shall be diverted to a
storm sewer conveyance or other approved point of collection
that does not create a hazard. Lots shall be graded to drain
surface water away from foundation walls. The grade shall
fall a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) within the first 10 feet
(3048 mm).

Exception: Where lot lines, walls, slopes or other physical
barriers prohibit 6 inches (152 mm) of fall within 10 feet
(3048 mm), drains or swales shall be constructed to ensure
drainage away from the structure. Impervious surfaces
within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the building foundation shall
be sloped a minimum of 2 percent away from the building.

R401.4 Soil tests. Where quantifiable data created by
accepted soil science methodologies indicate expansive, com-
pressible, shifting or other questionable soil characteristics
are likely to be present, the building official shall determine
whether to require a soil test to determine the soil’s character-
istics at a particular location. This test shall be done by an
approved agency using an approved method.

R401.4.1 Geotechnical evaluation. In lieu of a complete
geotechnical evaluation, the load-bearing values in Table
R40 1.4.1 shall be assumed.

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FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R401.4.1

PRESUMPTIVE LOAD-BEARING
VALUES OF FOUNDATION MATERIALS®

CLASS OF MATERIAL

LOAD-BEARING

PRESSURE

(pounds per square foot)

Crystalline bedrock

12,000

Sedimentary and foliated rock

4,000

Sandy gravel and/or gravel (GW and GP)

3,000

Sand, silty sand, clayey sand, silty gravel
and clayey gravel (SW, SP, SM, SC, GM
and GC)

2,000

Clay, sandy silty clay, clayey silt, silt and
sandy siltclay (CL, ML, MH and CH)

1,500”

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. Where soil tests are required by Section R401.4, the allowable bearing
capacities of the soil shall be part of the recommendations.

b. Where the building official determines that in-place soils with an
allowable bearing capacity of less than 1,500 psf are likely to be present at
the site, the allowable bearing capacity shall be determined by a soils
investigation.

R401.4.1.1 General and where required for appliea-
tions listed in Seetion 1.8.2. 1.1 regulated by the
Department of Housing and Community Develop-
ment. Foundations and soils investigations shall be
conducted in conformance with Health and Safety Code
Sections 17953 through 17957 as summarized below.

R401.4.1.1.1 Preliminary soil report. Each city,
county, or city and county shall enact an ordinance
which requires a preliminary soil report, prepared
by a civil engineer who is registered by the state.
The report shall be based upon adequate test bor-
ings or excavations, of every subdivision, where a
tentative and final map is required pursuant to Sec-
tion 66426 of the Government Code.

The preliminary soil report may be waived if the
building department of the city, county or city and
county, or other enforcement agency charged with
the administration and enforcement of the provi-
sions of Section R401.4.1.1, shall determine that,
due to the knowledge such department has as to the
soil qualities of the soil of the subdivision or lot, no
preliminary analysis is necessary.

R401.4. 1.1.2 Soil investigation by lot, necessity,
preparation, and recommendations. If the prelimi-
nary soil report indicates the presence of critically
expansive soils or other soil problems which, if not
corrected, would lead to structural defects, such
ordinance shall require a soil investigation of each
lot in the subdivision.

The soil investigation shall be prepared by a civil
engineer who is registered in this state. It shall rec-
ommend corrective action which is likely to prevent
structural damage to each dwelling proposed to be
constructed on the expansive soil.

R401.4. 1.1.3 Approval, building permit conditions,
appeal. The building department of each city, county
or city and county, or other enforcement agency
charged with the administration and enforcement of
the provisions of this code, shall approve the soil
investigation if it determines that the recommended
action is likely to prevent structural damage to each
dwelling to be constructed. As a condition to the
building permit, the ordinance shall require that the
approved recommended action be incorporated in
the construction of each dwelling. Appeal from such
determination shall be to the local appeals board.

R401.4.1.1.4 Liability. A city, county, or city and
county or other enforcement agency charged with
the administration and enforcement of the provi-
sions of Section R401.4.1.1, is not liable for any
injury which arises out of any act or omission of the
city, county or city and county, or other enforcement
agency, or a public employee or any other person
under Section R401.4. 1.1.1, R401.4. 1.1.2 or

R401.4.1.1.3.

R401.4.1.1.5 Alternate procedures. The governing
body of any city, county, or city and county may
enact an ordinance prescribing an alternate proce-
dure which is equal to or more restrictive than the
procedures specified in Sections R401.4. 1.1.1,
R401.4.1.1.2 andR401.1.1.3.

R401.4.2 Compressible or shifting soil. Instead of a
complete geotechnical evaluation, where top or subsoils
are compressible or shifting, they shall be removed to a
depth and width sufficient to ensure stable moisture con-
tent in each active zone and shall not be used as fill or sta-
bilized within each active zone by chemical, dewatering or
presaturation.

SECTION R402
MATERIALS

R402.1 Wood foundations. Wood foundation systems shall
be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions
of this code.

R402.1.1 Fasteners. Fasteners used below grade to attach
plywood to the exterior side of exterior basement or crawl-
space wall studs, or fasteners used in knee wall construc-
tion, shall be of Type 304 or 316 stainless steel. Fasteners
used above grade to attach plywood and all lumber-to-
lumber fasteners except those used in knee wall construc-
tion shall be of Type 304 or 316 stainless steel, silicon
bronze, copper, hot-dipped galvanized (zinc coated) steel
nails, or hot-tumbled galvanized (zinc coated) steel nails.
Electro-galvanized steel nails and galvanized (zinc coated)
steel staples shall not be permitted.

R402.1.2 Wood treatment. All lumber and plywood shall
be pressure-preservative treated and dried after treatment
in accordance with AWPA U 1 (Commodity Specification
A, Use Category 4B and Section 5.2), and shall bear the
label of an accredited agency. Where lumber and/or ply-
wood is cut or drilled after treatment, the treated surface

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2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

shall be field treated with copper naphthenate, the concen-
tration of which shall contain a minimum of 2-percent
copper metal, by repeated brushing, dipping or soaking
until the wood absorbs no more preservative.

R402.2 Concrete. Concrete shall have a minimum specified
compressive strength oif\, as shown in Table R402.2. Con-
crete subject to moderate or severe weathering as indicated in
Table R301.2(l) shall be air entrained as specified in Table
R402.2. The maximum weight of fly ash, other pozzolans,
silica fume, slag or blended cements that is included in con-
crete mixtures for garage floor slabs and for exterior porches,
carport slabs and steps that will be exposed to deicing chemi-
cals shall not exceed the percentages of the total weight of
cementitious materials specified in Section 19.3.3.4 of ACI
318. Materials used to produce concrete and testing thereof
shall comply with the applicable standards listed in Chapters
19 and 20 of ACI 318 or ACI 332.

R402.2.1 Materials for concrete. Materials for concrete
shall comply with the requirements of Section R608.5.1.

R402.3 Precast concrete. Precast concrete foundations shall
be designed in accordance with Section R404.5 and shall be
installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and
the manufacturer’s instructions.

R402.3.1 Precast concrete foundation materials. Mate-
rials used to produce precast concrete foundations shall
meet the following requirements.

1 . All concrete used in the manufacture of precast con-
crete foundations shall have a minimum compres-
sive strength of 5,000 psi (34 470 kPa) at 28 days.
Concrete exposed to a freezing and thawing envi-
ronment shall be air entrained with a minimum total
air content of 5 percent.

2. Structural reinforcing steel shall meet the require-
ments of ASTM A615, A706 or A996. The minimum
yield strength of reinforcing steel shall be 40,000 psi
(Grade 40) (276 MPa). Steel reinforcement for pre-
cast concrete foundation walls shall have a minimum
concrete cover of % inch (19.1 mm).

3. Panel-to-panel connections shall be made with
Grade II steel fasteners.

4. The use of nonstructural fibers shall conform to
ASTM Cl 116.

5. Grout used for bedding precast foundations placed
upon concrete footings shall meet ASTM Cl 107.

R402.4 Masonry. Masonry systems shall be designed and
installed in accordance with this chapter and shall have a mini-
mum specified compressive strength of 1,500 psi (10.3 MPa).

SECTION R403
FOOTINGS

R403.1 General. All exterior walls shall be supported on
continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete foot-
ings, crushed stone footings, wood foundations, or other
approved structural systems which shall be of sufficient
design to accommodate all loads according to Section R301
and to transmit the resulting loads to the soil within the lim-
itations as determined from the character of the soil. Footings
shall be supported on undisturbed natural soils or engineered
fill. Concrete footing shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with the provisions of Section R403 or in accor-
dance with ACI 332.

R403.1.1 Minimum size. The minimum width, W, and
thickness, T, for concrete footings shall be in accordance
with Tables R403.1(l) through R403.1(3) and Figure
R403.1(l) or R403.1.3, as applicable. The footing width
shall be based on the load-bearing value of the soil in accor-
dance with Table R401 .4. 1 . Footing projections, P, shall be
not less than 2 inches (51 mm) and shall not exceed the
thickness of the footing. Footing thickness and projection
for fireplaces shall be in accordance with Section R1001.2.
The size of footings supporting piers and columns shall be
based on the tributary load and allowable soil pressure in
accordance with Table R401.4.1. Footings for wood foun-
dations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in
Section R403.2, and Figures R403.1(2) and R403.1(3).

TABLE R402.2

MINIMUM SPECIFIED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

TYPE OR LOCATION OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

MINIMUM SPECIFIED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH* (f'j

Weathering Potential*

Negligible

Moderate

Severe

Basement walls, foundations and other concrete not exposed to the weather

2,500

2,500'

Basement slabs and interior slabs on grade, except garage floor slabs

2,500

2,500'

Basement walls, foundation walls, exterior walls and other vertical concrete work
exposed to the weather

2,500

3,000“

Porches, carport slabs and steps exposed to the weather, and garage floor slabs

2,500

3,000“’

3,500“’ '■'

For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

a. Strength at 28 days psi.

b. See Table R301.2(l) for weathering potential.

c. Concrete in these locations that is subject to freezing and thawing during construction shall be air-entrained concrete in accordance with Footnote d.

d. Concrete shall be air-entrained. Total air content (percent by volume of concrete) shall be not less than 5 percent or more than 7 percent.

e. See Section R402.2 for maximum cementitious materials content.

f. For garage floors with a steel-troweled finish, reduction of the total air content (percent by volume of concrete) to not less than 3 percent is permitted if the
specified compressive strength of the concrete is increased to not less than 4,000 psi.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

129

FOUNDATIONS

R403.1.2 Continuous footing in Seismic Design Catego-
ries Dj, Dj and Dj. Exterior walls of buildings located in
Seismic Design Categories Dq, Dj and D 2 shall be supported
by continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete
footings. Other footing materials or systems shall be
designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
All required interior braced wall panels in buildings located
in Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and D 2 with plan
dimensions greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm) shall be sup-
ported by continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or con-
crete footings in accordance with Section R403. 1.3.4,
except for two-story buildings in Seismic Design Category
D 2 , in which all braced wall panels, interior and exterior,
shall be supported on continuous foundations.

Exception: Two-story buildings shall be permitted to
have interior braced wall panels supported on continu-
ous foundations at intervals not exceeding 50 feet (15
240 mm) provided that:

1 . The height of cripple walls does not exceed 4 feet
(1219 mm).

2. First-floor braced wall panels are supported on
doubled floor joists, continuous blocking or floor
beams.

3. The distance between bracing lines does not
exceed twice the building width measured paral-
lel to the braced wall line.

R403.1.3 Footing and stem wall reinforcing in Seismic
Design Categories Dg, Dj, and Dj. Concrete footings
located in Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and D 2 , as
established in Table R301.2(l), shall have minimum rein-
forcement in accordance with this section and Figure
R403.1.3. Reinforcement shall be installed with support
and cover in accordance with Section R403.1.3.5.

R403.1.3.1 Concrete stem walls with concrete foot-
ings. In Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and D2 where
a construction joint is created between a concrete foot-
ing and a concrete stem wall, a minimum of one No. 4
vertical bar shall be installed at not more than 4 feet
(1219 mm) on center. The vertical bar shall have a stan-
dard hook and extend to the bottom of the footing and
shall have support and cover as specified in Section
R403.1.3.5.3 and extend a minimum of 14 inches (357
mm) into the stem wall. Standard hooks shall comply
with Section R608.5.4.5. A minimum of one No. 4 hor-
izontal bar shall be installed within 12 inches (305 mm)
of the top of the stem wall and one No. 4 horizontal bar
shall be located 3 to 4 inches (76 mm to 102 mm) from
the bottom of the footing.

R403.1.3.2 Masonry stem walls with concrete foot-
ings. In Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and D2
where a masonry stem wall is supported on a concrete
footing, a minimum of one No. 4 vertical bar shall be
installed at not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center.
The vertical bar shall have a standard hook and extend
to the bottom of the footing and shall have support and

cover as specified in Section R403.1.3.5.3 and extend a
minimum of 14 inches (357 mm) into the stem wall.
Standard hooks shall comply with Section R608.5.4.5.
A minimum of one No. 4 horizontal bar shall be
installed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the
wall and one No. 4 horizontal bar shall be located 3 to 4
inches (76 mm to 102 mm) from the bottom of the foot-
ing. Masonry stem walls shall be solid grouted.

R403.1.3.3 Slabs-on-ground with turned-down foot-
ings. In Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and D 2 , slabs
on ground cast monolithically with turned-down foot-
ings shall have a minimum of one No. 4 bar at the top
and the bottom of the footing or one No. 5 bar or two
No. 4 bars in the middle third of the footing depth.

Where the slab is not cast monolithically with the
footing. No. 3 or larger vertical dowels with standard
hooks on each end shall be installed at not more than 4
feet (1219 mm) on center in accordance with Figure
R403.1.3, Detail 2. Standard hooks shall comply with
Section R608.5.4.5.

R403.1.3.4 Interior bearing and braced wall panel
footings in Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and Dj.

In Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and D2, interior
footings supporting bearing walls or braced wall pan-
els, and cast monolithically with a slab on grade, shall
extend to a depth of not less than 12 inches (305 mm)
below the top of the slab.

R403. 1.3.5 Reinforcement. Footing and stem wall
reinforcement shall comply with Sections R403.1.3.5.1
through R403.1.3.5.4.

R403.1.3.5.1 Steel reinforcement. Steel reinforce-
ment shall comply with the requirements of ASTM
A615, A706 or A996. ASTM A996 bars produced
from rail steel shall be Type R. The minimum yield
strength of reinforcing steel shall be 40,000 psi
(Grade 40) (276 MPa).

R403.1.3.5.2 Location of reinforcement in wall.

The center of vertical reinforcement in stem walls
shall be located at the centerline of the wall. Hori-
zontal and vertical reinforcement shall be located in
footings and stem walls to provide the minimum
cover required by Section R403.1.3.5.3.

R403.1.3.5.3 Support and cover. Reinforcement
shall be secured in the proper location in the forms with
tie wire or other bar support system to prevent displace-
ment during the concrete placement operation. Steel
reinforcement in concrete cast against the earth shall
have a minimum cover of 3 inches (75 mm). Minimum
cover for reinforcement in concrete cast in removable
forms that will be exposed to the earth or weather shall
be 1 V 2 inches (38 mm) for No. 5 bars and smaller, and 2
inches (50 mm) for No. 6 bars and larger. For concrete
cast in removable forms that will not be exposed to the
earth or weather, and for concrete cast in stay-in-place
forms, minimum cover shall be inch (19 mm).

130

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.1(1)

MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION (inches)'"’

SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD

STORY AND TYPE
OF STRUCTURE WITH
LIGHT FRAME

LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL
(psf)

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1 story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

18 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

«4-H

2 story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

16 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

22 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

19 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

25 X 8

19 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

13 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

19 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

«4-H

2 story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

17 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

23 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

15 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

20 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

26 X 8

20 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

16 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

21 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

«4-H

2 story — slab-on-grade

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

19 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

25 X 7

19 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

17 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

22 X 6

17 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

28 X 9

21 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

18 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

24 X 7

18 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

<4-H

2 story — slab-on-grade

16 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

21 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

27 X 9

20 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

19 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

25 X 7

18 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

30 X 10

23 X 6

18 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m^.

a. Interpolation allowed. Extrapolation is not allowed.

b. Based on 32-foot-wide house with load-bearing center wall that carries half of the tributary attic, and floor framing. For every 2 feet of adjustment to the width

of the house, add or subtract 2 inches of footing width and 1 inch of footing thickness (but not less than 6 inches thick).

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

131

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.1(2)

MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION WITH BRICK VENEER (inches)"

SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD

STORY AND TYPE OF
STRUCTURE
WITH BRICK VENEER

LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL
(psf)

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1 Story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

15 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

21 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — slab-on-grade

15 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

20 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

26 X 8

20 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

20 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

26 X 8

19 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

32 X 11

24 X 7

19 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

16 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

22 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — slab-on-grade

16 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

22 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

27 X 9

21 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

21 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

27 X 8

20 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

33 X 11

24 X 7

20 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

13 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

18 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

24 X 7

18 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — slab-on-grade

18 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

24 X 7

18 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

IT)

2 story — plus basement

29 X 10

22 X 6

18 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

27 X 7

18 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

29 X 9

22 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

35 X 12

26 X 8

21 X 6

17 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

15 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

20 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

26 X 8

20 X 6

16x 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — slab-on grade

20 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

26 X 8

19 X 6

15X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

32 X 11

24 X 7

19 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

26 X 8

19 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

31 X 11

23 X 7

19 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — plus basement

37 X 13

28 X 9

22 X 6

18 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m^.

a. Interpolation allowed. Extrapolation is not allowed.

b. Based on 32-foot-wide house with load-bearing center wall that caiTies half of the tributary attic, and floor framing. For every 2 feet of adjustment to the width
of the house, add or subtract 2 inches of footing width and 1 inch of footing thickness (but not less than 6 inches thick).

132

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.1(3)

MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR CONCRETE FOOTINGS
WITH CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE OR FULLY GROUTED MASONRY WALL CONSTRUCTION (Inches)®

SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD

STORY AND TYPE
OF STRUCTURE WITH CMU

LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL
(psf)

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1 Story — slab-on-grade

14 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

19 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

25 X 8

19 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

<4-H

2 story — slab-on-grade

23 X 7

18 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

29 X 9

22 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

35 X 12

26 X 8

21 X 6

17 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

32X 11

24 X 7

19 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

38 X 14

28 X 9

23 X 6

19 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

3 story — plus basement

43 X 17

33 X 11

26 X 8

22 X 6

19 X 6

16 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

15 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

20 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

26 X 8

20 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — slab-on-grade

24 X 7

18 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

30 X 10

22 X 6

18 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

36 X 13

27 X 8

21 X 6

18 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

33 X 12

25 X 7

20 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

39 X 14

29 X 9

23 X 7

19 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

3 story — plus basement

44 X 17

33 X 12

27X 8

22 X 6

19 X 6

17 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

17 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

22 X 6

17 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

28X 9

21 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

<4-H

2 story — slab-on-grade

27 X 8

20 X 6

16 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

32 X 11

24 X 7

19 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — plus basement

38 X 14

28 X 9

23 X 6

19 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

35 X 13

27 X 8

21 X 6

18 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

41 X 15

31 X 10

24 X 7

20 X 6

17 X 6

15 X 6

3 story — plus basement

47 X 18

35 X 12

28 X 9

23 X 7

20 X 6

17 X 6

1 story — slab-on-grade

19 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — with crawl space

25 X 7

18 X 6

15 X 6

12 X 6

1 story — plus basement

30 X 10

23 X 6

18 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

12 X 6

<4-H

2 story — slab-on-grade

29 X 9

22 X 6

17 X 6

14 X 6

12 X 6

2 story — with crawl space

34 X 12

26 X 8

21 X 6

17 X 6

15 X 6

13 X 6

2 story — plus basement

40 X 15

30 X 10

24 X 7

20 X 6

17 X 6

15 X 6

3 story — slab-on-grade

38 X 14

28 X 9

23 X 6

19 X 6

16 X 6

14 X 6

3 story — with crawl space

43 X 16

32 X 11

26 X 8

21 X 6

18 X 6

16 X 6

3 story — plus basement

49 X 19

37 X 13

29 X 10

24 X 7

21 X 6

18 X 6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m^.

a. Interpolation allowed. Extrapolation is not allowed.

b. Based on 32-foot-wide house with load-bearing center wall that carries half of the tributary attic, and floor framing. For every 2 feet of adjustment to the width
of the house add or subtract 2 inches of footing width and 1 inch of footing thickness (but not less than 6 inches thick).

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

133

FOUNDATIONS

BOTTOM (SOLE) PLATE

MONOLITHIC SLAB-ON-GROUND
WITH TURNED-DOWN FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

3 %" MIN CONCRETE SLAB

THICKENED SLAB-ON-GROUND FOOTING
AT BEARING WALLS OR BRACED WALL LINES

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

SLAB-ON-GROUND WITH

MASONRY STEM WALL AND SPREAD FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH
MASONRY WALL AND SPREAD FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH
CONCRETE WALL AND SPREAD FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH
FOUNDATION WALL BEARING DIRECTLY ON SOIL

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

W = Width of footing, T = Thickness of footing and P = Projection per Section R403.1.1
NOTES:

a. See Section R404.3 for sill requirements,
h. See Section R403.1.6 for sill attachment.

c. See Section R506.2.3 for vapor harrier requirements.

d. See Section R403.1 for base.

e. See Figure R403.1.3 for additional footing requirements for structures in SDC D^, Dj and and townhouses in SDC C.

f. See Section R408 for under-floor ventilation and access requirements.

FIGURE R403.1(1)

PLAIN CONCRETE FOOTINGS WITH MASONRY AND CONCRETE STEM WALLS IN SDC A, B AND C“ '

134

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

(SEE SECTION R403.2)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mil = 0.0254.

FIGURE R403.1(2)

PERMANENT WOOD FOUNDATION BASEMENT WALL SECTION

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

135

FOUNDATIONS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mil = 0.0254 mm.

FIGURE R403.1(3)

PERMANENT WOOD FOUNDATION CRAWL SPACE SECTION

136

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

BEARING WALL OR
BRACED WALL LINE -

12" MIN DEPTH
OR GREATER FOR
FROST PROTECTION
PER SECTIONS R403.1.4
AND R403. 1.4.1

MIN REINFORCEMENT
PER SECTION
R403. 1.3.3

SILL OR BOTTOM (SOLE) PLATE
ATTACHMENT PER SECTION
R403.1.6 W/ 3 X 3 WASHERS
PER SECTION R602.11.1

MIN CLEARANCE
PER SECTIONS
R404.1.6AND
R317.1

CONSTRUCTION JOINT
#4 MIN HORIZONTAL
BAR TOP AND BOTTOM

PER SECTION

R403.1.3.3

3%" MIN CONCRETE
SLAB PER SECTION
R506.1

MIN
PER SECTION
R403. 1.4.2

#3 MIN

48" O.C. VERTICAL
DOWELS WITH
STANDARD HOOK

EACH END PER

SECTION R403.1.3.3

mr~

SLAB-ON-GROUND WITH
MONOLITHIC TURNED-DOWN FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

SILL OR BOTTOM (SOLE) PLATE
ATTACHMENT PER SECTION
R403.1.6 W/ 3 X 3 WASHERS
PER SECTION R602.11.1

MIN CLEARANCE
PER SECTIONS
R404.1.6
AND R317.1

12" MIN DEPTH
PER SECTION R403.1.4
OR GREATER FOR
FROST PROTECTION
PER SECTION
R403.1.4.1

3'/2” MIN CONCRETE SLAB
PER SECTION R506.1

■' Mil

T©'

(1)#4 HORIZ. IN TOP 12"

8" MIN CMU STEM-
WALL, SOLID-GROUTED
PER SECTION R404.1.4.1

-#4 DOWEL @48" ON-
CENTER PER SECTION
R403.1.3.2, 14" MIN INTO
STEM-WALL WITH
STANDARD HOOK PER
SECTION R608.5.4.5

DOWELS FOR SLAB-ON-GROUND
WITH TURNED-DOWN FOOTINGS

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

(1)#4 HORIZ. IN TOP 12"

#4 DOWEL @ 48" ON-
CENTER PER SECTION
R403.1.3.2 14" MIN INTO STEM-
WALL WITH STANDARD
HOOK PER SECTION
R608.5.4.5

8" MIN CMU STEM
WALL, SOLID GROUTED
PER SECTION R404.1.4.1

n r|f||-.

, w

SLAB-ON-GROUND WITH

MASONRY STEM WALLAND SPREAD FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

MIN CLEARANCE
PER SECTIONS

R404.1.6

AND R317.1

12" MIN DEPTH
PER SECTION R403.1.4
OR GREATER FOR
FROST PROTECTION
PER SECTION
R403.1.4.1

CONCRETE STEM WALL
THICKNESS PER SECTION
R404.1.4.2

(1 ) #4 CONT PER SECTION
R403.1.3.1

#4 DOWEL @ 48" ON
CENTER PER SECTION
R403.1.3.1 14" MIN INTO
STEM WALLAND
STANDARD HOOK
PER SECTION R608.5.4.5

CONCRETE FOOTING
PLACED PRIOR TO STEM
WALL

— REINFORCEMENT

PER SECTION R403.1.3.2

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH
MASONRY STEM WALLAND SPREAD FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

MIN CLEARANCE
PER SECTIONS 2

R404.1.6

AND R317.1

12" MIN DEPTH
PER SECTION

R403.1.4 OR ^

GREATER
FOR FROST
PROTECTION PER
SECTION R403.1.4.1

■ CONCRETE
STEM WALL
THICKNESS
PER SECTION
R404.1.4.2

(1) #4 CONT TOP
- PER SECTION
R403. 1.3.1

(1) #4 CONT
AT BOTTOM
■ PER SECTION
R403. 1.3.1

(1 ) #4 CONT PER SECTION
10-1

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE

CONCRETE STEM WALLAND SPREAD FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH MONOLITHIC
CONCRETE STEM WALLAND SPREAD FOOTING

SCALE: NOT TO SCALE

W = Width of footing, T = Thickness of footing and P = Projection per Section R403.1.1

NOTES:

a. See Section R404.3 for sill requirements.

b. See Section R403.1.6 for sill attachment.

c. See Section R506.2.3 for vapor barrier requirements.

d. See Section R403.1 for base.

e. See Section R408 for under-floor ventilation and access requirements.

f. See Section R403. 1.3.5 for reinforcement requirements.

FIGURE R403.1.3

REINFORCED CONCRETE FOOTINGS AND MASONRY AND CONCRETE STEM WALLS IN SDC D„, D, AND e, t.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

137

FOUNDATIONS

R403.1.3.5.4 Lap splices. Vertical and horizontal
reinforcement shall he the longest lengths practical.
Where splices are necessary in reinforcement, the
length of lap splice shall be in accordance with Table
R608.5.4.(l) and Figure R608. 5.4(1). The maximum
gap between noncontact parallel bars at a lap splice
shall not exceed the smaller of one-fifth the required
lap length and 6 inches (152 mm) [see Figure
R608.5.4(l)].

R403.1.3.6 Isolated concrete footings. In detached
one- and two-family dwellings that are three stories or
less in height and constructed with stud bearing walls,
isolated plain concrete footings supporting columns or
pedestals are permitted.

R403.I.4 Minimum depth. Exterior footings shall be
placed not less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the undis-
turbed ground surface. Where applicable, the depth of foot-
ings shall also conform to Sections R403. 1.4.1 through
R403. 1.4.2.

R403.I.4.I Frost protection. Except where otherwise
protected from frost, foundation walls, piers and other
permanent supports of buildings and structures shall be
protected from frost by one or more of the following
methods:

1. Extended below the frost line specified in Table
R301.2.(l).

2. Constructed in accordance with Section R403.3.

3. Constructed in accordance with ASCE 32.

4. Erected on solid rock.

Exceptions:

1 . Protection of freestanding accessory structures
with an area of 600 square feet (56 m^) or less,
of light-frame construction, with an eave
height of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less shall not be
required.

2. Protection of freestanding accessory structures
with an area of 400 square feet (37 m^) or less,
of other than light-frame construction, with an
eave height of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less shall
not be required.

3. Decks not supported by a dwelling need not be
provided with footings that extend below the
frost line.

Footings shall not bear on frozen soil unless the fro-
zen condition is permanent.

R403.1.5 Slope. The top surface of footings shall be level.
The bottom surface of footings shall not have a slope
exceeding one unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-per-
cent slope). Footings shall be stepped where it is necessary
to change the elevation of the top surface of the footings or
where the slope of the bottom surface of the footings will
exceed one unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent
slope).

R403.1.6 Foundation anchorage. Wood sill plates and
wood walls supported directly on continuous foundations

shall be anchored to the foundation in accordance with this
section.

Cold-formed steel framing shall be anchored directly to
the foundation or fastened to wood sill plates anchored to
the foundation. Anchorage of cold-formed steel framing
and sill plates supporting cold-formed steel framing shall
be in accordance with this section and Section R505.3.1 or
R603.3.1.

Wood sole plates at all exterior walls on monolithic
slabs, wood sole plates of braced wall panels at building
interiors on monolithic slabs and all wood sill plates shall
be anchored to the foundation with minimum '/ 2 -inch-
diameter (12.7 mm) anchor bolts spaced a maximum of 6
feet (1829 mm) on center or approved anchors or anchor
straps spaced as required to provide equivalent anchorage
to Vj-inch-diameter (12.7 mm) anchor bolts. Bolts shall
extend a minimum of 7 inches (178 mm) into concrete or
grouted cells of concrete masonry units. The bolts shall be
located in the middle third of the width of the plate. A nut
and washer shall be tightened on each anchor bolt. There
shall be a minimum of two bolts per plate section with one
bolt located not more than 12 inches (305 mm) or less than
seven bolt diameters from each end of the plate section.
Interior bearing wall sole plates on monolithic slab foun-
dation that are not part of a braced wall panel shall be pos-
itively anchored with approved fasteners. Sill plates and
sole plates shall be protected against decay and termites
where required by Sections R317 and R318.

Exceptions:

1. Walls 24 inches (610 mm) total length or shorter
connecting offset braced wall panels shall be
anchored to the foundation with a minimum of
one anchor bolt located in the center third of the
plate section and shall be attached to adjacent
braced wall panels at corners as shown in Item 9
of Table R602.3(I).

2. Connection of walls 12 inches (305 mm) total
length or shorter connecting offset braced wall
panels to the foundation without anchor bolts
shall be permitted. The wall shall be attached to
adjacent braced wall panels at corners as shown
in Item 9 of Table R602.3(l).

R403.I.6.I Foundation anchorage in Seismic Design
Categories C, Dj, Dj and Dj. In addition to the
requirements of Section R403.1.6, the following
requirements shall apply to wood light-frame structures
in Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and Dj and wood
light-frame townhouses in Seismic Design Category C.

1. Plate washers conforming to Section R602.11.1
shall be provided for all anchor bolts over the full
length of required braced wall lines except where
approved anchor straps are used. Properly sized
cut washers shall be permitted for anchor bolts in
wall lines not containing braced wall panels.

2. Interior braced wall plates shall have anchor bolts
spaced at not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) on cen-
ter and located within 12 inches (305 mm) of the

138

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

ends of each plate section when supported on a
continuous foundation.

3. Interior bearing wall sole plates shall have anchor
bolts spaced at not more than 6 feet (1829 mm)
on center and located within 12 inches (305 mm)
of the ends of each plate section when supported
on a continuous foundation.

4. The maximum anchor bolt spacing shall be 4 feet
(1219 mm) for buildings over two stories in
height.

5. Stepped cripple walls shall conform to Section
R602.11.2.

6. Where continuous wood foundations in accor-
dance with Section R404.2 are used, the force
transfer shall have a capacity equal to or greater
than the connections required by Section
R602. 11.1 or the braced wall panel shall be con-
nected to the wood foundations in accordance
with the braced wall panel-to-floor fastening
requirements of Table R602.3(l).

R403.1.7 Footings on or adjacent to slopes. The place-
ment of buildings and structures on or adjacent to slopes
steeper than one unit vertical in three units horizontal
(33.3-percent slope) shall conform to Sections R403. 1.7.1
through R403. 1.7.4.

R403. 1.7.1 Building clearances from ascending
slopes. In general, buildings below slopes shall be set a
sufficient distance from the slope to provide protection
from slope drainage, erosion and shallow failures.
Except as provided in Section R403. 1.7.4 and Figure
R403. 1.7.1, the following criteria will be assumed to
provide this protection. Where the existing slope is
steeper than one unit vertical in one unit horizontal (100-
percent slope), the toe of the slope shall be assumed to be
at the intersection of a horizontal plane drawn from the
top of the foundation and a plane drawn tangent to the
slope at an angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizon-
tal. Where a retaining wall is constructed at the toe of the
slope, the height of the slope shall be measured from the
top of the wall to the top of the slope.

R403. 1.7.2 Footing setback from descending slope
surfaces. Footings on or adjacent to slope surfaces shall
be founded in material with an embedment and setback
from the slope surface sufficient to provide vertical and
lateral support for the footing without detrimental set-
tlement. Except as provided for in Section R403.1.7.4
and Figure R403. 1.7.1, the following setback is deemed
adequate to meet the criteria. Where the slope is steeper
than one unit vertical in one unit horizontal (100-per-
cent slope), the required setback shall be measured from
an imaginary plane 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizon-
tal, projected upward from the toe of the slope.

R403.1.7.3 Foundation elevation. On graded sites, the
top of any exterior foundation shall extend above the
elevation of the street gutter at point of discharge or the
inlet of an approved drainage device a minimum of 1 2
inches (305 mm) plus 2 percent. Alternate elevations
are permitted subject to the approval of the building
official, provided it can be demonstrated that required
drainage to the point of discharge and away from the
structure is provided at all locations on the site.

R403.1.7.4 Alternate setbacks and clearances. Alter-
nate setbacks and clearances are permitted, subject to
the approval of the building official. The building offi-
cial is permitted to require an investigation and recom-
mendation of a qualified engineer to demonstrate that
the intent of this section has been satisfied. Such an
investigation shall include consideration of material,
height of slope, slope gradient, load intensity and ero-
sion characteristics of slope material.

R403.1.8 Foundations on expansive soils. Foundation
and floor slabs for buildings located on expansive soils
shall be designed in accordance with Section 1808.6 of the
California Building Code.

Exception: Slab-on-ground and other foundation sys-
tems which have performed adequately in soil condi-
tions similar to those encountered at the building site
are permitted subject to the approval of the building
official.

R403.1.8.1 Expansive soils classifications. Soils
meeting all four of the following provisions shall be
considered expansive, except that tests to show compli-

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R403.1.7.1

FOUNDATION CLEARANCE FROM SLOPES

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

139

FOUNDATIONS

ance with Items 1, 2 and 3 shall not be required if the
test prescribed in Item 4 is conducted:

1. Plasticity Index (PI) of 15 or greater, determined
in accordance with ASTM D4318.

2. More than 10 percent of the soil particles pass a
No. 200 sieve (75 pm), determined in accordance
with ASTM D422.

3. More than 10 percent of the soil particles are less
than 5 micrometers in size, determined in accor-
dance with ASTM D422.

4. Expansion Index greater than 20, determined in
accordance with ASTM D4829.

R403.2 Footings for wood foundations. Footings for wood
foundations shall be in accordance with Figures R403.1(2)
and R403.1(3). Gravel shall be washed and well graded. The
maximum size stone shall not exceed inch (19.1 mm).
Gravel shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Sand
shall be coarse, not smaller than Vj^-inch (1.6 mm) grains and
shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Crushed stone
shall have a maximum size of V 2 inch (12.7 mm).

R403.3 Frost-protected shallow foundations. For buildings
where the monthly mean temperature of the building is main-
tained at a minimum of 64°F (18°C), footings are not
required to extend below the frost line when protected from
frost by insulation in accordance with Figure R403.3(l) and
Table R403.3(l). Foundations protected from frost in accor-
dance with Figure R403.3(l) and Table R403.3(l) shall not
be used for unheated spaces such as porches, utility rooms,
garages and carports, and shall not be attached to basements
or crawl spaces that are not maintained at a minimum
monthly mean temperature of 64°F (18°C).

Materials used below grade for the purpose of insulating
footings against frost shall be labeled as complying with
ASTM C578.

R403.3.1 Foundations adjoining frost-protected shal-
low foundations. Foundations that adjoin frost-protected
shallow foundations shall be protected from frost in accor-
dance with Section R403.1.4.

R403.3.1.1 Attachment to unheated slab-on-ground
structure. Vertical wall insulation and horizontal insula-
tion of frost-protected shallow foundations that adjoin a
slab-on-ground foundation that does not have a monthly
mean temperature maintained at a minimum of 64°F
(18°C) shall be in accordance with Figure R403.3(3) and
Table R403.3(l). Vertical wall insulation shall extend
between the frost-protected shallow foundation and the
adjoining slab foundation. Required horizontal insulation
shall be continuous under the adjoining slab foundation
and through any foundation walls adjoining the frost- pro-
tected shallow foundation. Where insulation passes
through a foundation wall, it shall be either of a type com-
plying with this section and having bearing capacity equal
to or greater than the structural loads imposed by the
building, or the building shall be designed and con-
stracted using beams, lintels, cantilevers or other means

of transferring building loads such that the structural
loads of the building do not bear on the insulation.

R403.3.1.2 Attachment to heated structure. Where a
frost-protected shallow foundation abuts a structure
that has a monthly mean temperature maintained at a
minimum of 64 °F (18°C), horizontal insulation and
vertical wall insulation shall not be required between
the frost-protected shallow foundation and the adjoin-
ing structure. Where the frost-protected shallow foun-
dation abuts the heated structure, the horizontal
insulation and vertical wall insulation shall extend
along the adjoining foundation in accordance with Fig-
ure R403.3(4) a distance of not less than Dimension A
in Table R403.3(l).

Exceptiou: Where the frost-protected shallow foun-
dation abuts the heated structure to form an inside
corner, vertical insulation extending along the
adjoining foundation is not required.

R403.3.2 Protection of horizontal insulation below
gronnd. Horizontal insulation placed less than 12 inches
(305 mm) below the ground surface or that portion of hor-
izontal insulation extending outward more than 24 inches
(610 mm) from the foundation edge shall be protected
against damage by use of a concrete slab or asphalt paving
on the ground surface directly above the insulation or by
cementitious board, plywood rated for below-ground use,
or other approved materials placed below ground, directly
above the top surface of the insulation.

R403.3.3 Drainage. Final grade shall be sloped in
accordance with Section R401.3. In other than Group I
Soils, as detailed in Table R405.1, gravel or crushed
stone beneath horizontal insulation below ground shall
drain to daylight or into an approved sewer system.
R403.3.4 Termite protection. The use of foam plastic in
areas of “very heavy” termite infestation probability shall
be in accordance with Section R318.4.

R403.4 Footings for precast concrete foundations. Foot-
ings for precast concrete foundations shall comply with Sec-
tion R403.4.

R403.4.1 Crushed stone footings. Clean crushed stone
shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Crushed
stone shall be angular in nature and meet ASTM C33, with
the maximum size stone not to exceed Vj inch (12.7 mm)
and the minimum stone size not to be smaller than inch
(1.6 mm). Crushed stone footings for precast foundations
shall be installed in accordance with Figure R403.4(l) and
Table R403.4. Crushed stone footings shall be consolidated
using a vibratory plate in a maximum of 8-inch (203 mm)
lifts. Crushed stone footings shall be limited to Seismic
Design Categories A, B and C.

R403.4.2 Concrete footings. Concrete footings shall be
installed in accordance with Section R403.1 and Figure
R403.4(2).

140

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(1)

MINIMUM FOOTING DEPTH AND INSULATION REQUIREMENTS FOR FROST-PROTECTED FOOTINGS IN HEATED BUILDINGS^

AIR FREEZING
INDEX
("F-days)”

MINIMUM FOOTING
DEPTH, D
(Inches)

VERTICAL

INSULATION

R-VALUE'"

HORIZONTAL INSULATION
R-VALUE” '

HORIZONTAL INSULATION DIMENSIONS
PER FIGURE R403.3(1) (Inches)

Along walls

At corners

1,500 or less

4.5

Not required

2,000

5.6

Not required

2,500

6.7

1.7

4.9

3,000

7.8

6.5

8.6

3,500

9.0

8.0

11.2

4,000

10.1

10.5

13.1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, °C = [(°F) - 32J/1.8.

a. Insulation requirements are for protection against frost damage in heated buildings. Greater values may be required to meet energy conservation standards.

b. See Figure R403.3(2) or Table R403.3(2) for Air Freezing Index values.

c. Insulation materials shall provide the stated minimum R-values under long-term exposure to moist, below-ground conditions in freezing climates. The
following R-values shall be used to determine insulation thicknesses required for this application: Type II expanded polystyrene-2. 4R per inch; Type IV
extruded polystyrene-4. 5R per inch; Type VI extruded polystyrene-4. 5R per inch; Type IX expanded polystyrene-3. 2R per inch; Type X extruded
polystyrene-4. 5R per inch.

d. Vertical insulation shall be expanded polystyrene insulation or extruded polystyrene insulation.

e. Horizontal insulation shall be expanded polystyrene insulation or extruded polystyrene insulation.

INSULATION DETAIL

FLASHING PER SECTION R703.8

INSULATION PROTECTION PER SECTION R403.3.1
SLOPE FINAL GRADE PER SECTION R403.3.2

SLAB-ON-GROUND FOUNDATION FLOOR
PER SECTIONS R403.1 AND R506

' » \ 0 Y 0

'//{ V/f \% '//! n\\\V// \\\*

-V//\\\v///|
\\\'////
^y//\\v
\\\V///

\WV///

i\\\v///

NOMINAL 4 IN. SCREENED AND
WASHED GRAVEL OR CRUSHED
STONE DRAINED PER SECTION
R403.3.3

VERTICAL WALL INSUALTION"
' HORIZONTAL INSULATION^

HORIZONTAL INSULATION PLAN

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. See Table R403.3(l) for required dimensions and R-values for vertical and horizontal insulation and minimum footing depth.

FIGURE R403.3(1)

INSULATION PLACEMENT FOR FROST PROTECTED FOOTINGS IN HEATED BUILDINGS

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

141

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)

AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY

STATE

AIR-FREEZING INDEX

1500 or less

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Alabama

All counties

—

Alaska

Ketchikan
Gateway,
Prince of Wales-
Outer Ketchikan
fCA), Sitka,
Wrangell-
Petersburg (CA)

—

Aleutians West (CA),
Haines, Juneau,
Skagway-Hoonah-
Angoon (CA), Yakutat

—

All counties
not listed

Arizona

All counties

—

— -

—

Arkansas

All counties

—

California

All counties
not listed

Nevada, Sierra

—

Colorado

All counties
not listed

Archuleta, Custer,
Fremont, Huerfano,
Las Animas, Ouray,
Pitkin, San Miguel

Clear Creek, Conejos,
Costilla, Dolores, Eagle,
La Plata, Park, Routt,
San Juan, Summit

Alamosa, Grand,
Jackson, Larimer,
Moffat,

Rio Blanco,
Rio Grande

Chaffee, Gunnison,
Lake, Saguache

Hinsdale,

Mineral

Connecticut

All counties
not listed

Hartford,

Litchfield

—

Delaware

All counties

—

District of
Columbia

All counties

—

Florida

All counties

—

Georgia

All counties

—

Flawaii

All counties

—

Idaho

All counties
not listed

Adams, Bannock, Blaine,
Clearwater, Idaho,
Lincoln, Oneida, Power,
Valley, Washington

Bingham,

Bonneville, Camas,
Caribou, Elmore,
Eranklin, Jefferson,
Madison, Teton

Bear Lake, Butte,
Custer, Eremont,
Lemhi

Clark

—

Illinois

All counties
not listed

Boone, Bureau, Cook,
Dekalb, DuPage, Fulton,
Grundy, Henderson,
Henry, Iroquois,

Jo Daviess, Kane,
Kankakee, Kendall,
Knox, La Salle, Lake,
Lee, Livingston,
Marshall, Mason,
McHenry, McLean,
Mercer, Peoria, Putnam,
Rock Island,

Stark, Tazewell, Warren,
Whiteside, Will,
Woodford

Carroll, Ogle,
Stephenson,
Winnebago

—

Indiana

All counties
not listed

Allen, Benton, Cass,
Fountain, Fulton,
Howard, Jasper,
Kosciusko, La Porte,
Lake, Marshall, Miami,
Newton, Porter, Pulaski,
Starke, Steuben, Tippeca-
noe, Tipton, Wabash,
Warren, White

—

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

143

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)— continued
AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY

STATE

AIR-FREEZING INDEX

1500 or less

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Iowa

Appanoose,

Davis,

Fremont, Lee,
Van Buren

All counties
not listed

Allamakee, Black
Hawk, Boone, Bremer,
Buchanan, Buena Vista,
Butler, Calhoun,
Cerro Gordo, Cherokee,
Chickasaw, Clay,
Clayton, Delaware,
Dubuque, Fayette,
Floyd, Franklin,
Grundy, Hamilton,
Hancock, Hardin,
Humboldt, Ida,
Jackson, Jasper, Jones,
Linn, Marshall,
Palo Alto, Plymouth,
Pocahontas, Powesh-
iek, Sac, Sioux, Story,
Tama, Webster,
Winnebago, Woodbury,
Worth, Wright

Dickinson,
Emmet, Howard,
Kossuth, Lyon,
Mitchell,
O'Brien, Osce-
ola,

Winneshiek

—

Kansas

All counties

—

Kentucky

All counties

—

Louisiana

All counties

—

Maine

York

Knox, Lincoln,
Sagadahoc

Androscoggin,
Cumberland, Hancock,
Kennebec, Waldo,
Washington

Aroostook,
Franklin, Oxford,
Penobscot,
Piscataquis,
Somerset

—

Maryland

All counties

—

Massachusetts

All counties
not listed

Berkshire, Franklin,
Hampden,
Worcester

—

Michigan

Berrien,
Branch, Cass,
Kalamazoo,
Macomb, Ottawa,
St. Clair,

St. Joseph

All counties
not listed

Alger, Charlevoix,
Cheboygan, Chippewa,
Crawford, Delta,
Emmet, Iosco,
Kalkaska, Lake, Luce,
Mackinac, Menominee,
Missaukee,
Montmorency,
Ogemaw, Osceola,
Otsego, Roscommon,
Schoolcraft, Wexford

Baraga,

Dickinson, Iron,
Keweenaw,
Marquette

Gogebic,

Houghton,

Ontonagon

—

Minnesota

—

Houston, Winona

All counties
not listed

Aitkin,

Big Stone,
Carlton,
Crow Wing,
Douglas, Itasca,
Kanabec, Lake,
Morrison, Pine,
Pope, Steams,
Stevens, Swift,
Todd, Wadena

Becker,

Beltrami, Cass,
Clay, Clearwater,
Grant, Hubbard,
Kittson,
Koochiching,
Lake of the Woods,
Mahnomen,
Marshall, Norman,
Otter Tail,
Pennington, Polk,
Red Lake, Roseau,
St. Louis, Traverse,
Wilkin

(continued)

144

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)— continued
AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY

STATE

AIR-FREEZING INDEX

1500 or less

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Mississippi

All counties

—

Missouri

All counties
not listed

Atchison, Mercer,
Nodaway, Putnam

—

Montana

Mineral

Broadwater,
Golden Valley,
Granite, Lake,
Lincoln,
Missoula,
Ravalli, Sanders,
Sweet Grass

Big Horn, Carbon,
Jefferson,
Judith Basin,
Lewis and Clark,
Meagher,
Musselshell,
Powder River,
Powell, Silver Bow,
Stillwater,
Westland

Carter, Cascade,
Deer Lodge,
Ealcon, Fergus,
Flathead, Gallanting,
Glacier, Madison,
Park, Petroleum,
Ponder, Rosebud,
Teton, Treasure,
Yellowstone

Beaverhead,

Blaine,

Chouteau, Custer,
Dawson, Gar-
field, Liberty,
McCone, Prairie,
Toole, Wibaux

Daniels, Hill,
Phillips, Richland,
Roosevelt,
Sheridan, Valley

Nebraska

Adams, Banner,
Chase, Cheyenne,
Clay, Deuel, Dundy,
Fillmore, Franklin,
Frontier, Furnas,
Gage, Garden,
Gosper, Harlan,
Hayes, Hitchcock,
Jefferson, Kimhall,
Morrill, Nemaha,
Nuckolls, Pawnee,
Perkins, Phelps,
Red Willow,
Richardson, Saline,
Scotts Bluff, Seward,
Thayer, Webster

All counties
not listed

Boyd, Burt, Cedar,
Cuming, Dakota,
Dixon, Dodge,
Knox, Thurston

—

Nevada

All counties
not listed

Elko, Eureka,
Nye, Washoe,
White Pine

—

New

Hampshire

—

All counties
not listed

—

Carroll, Coos,
Grafton

New Jersey

All counties

—

New Mexico

All counties
not listed

Rio Arriba

Colfax, Mora, Taos

—

New York

Albany, Bronx,
Cayuga, Columbia,
Cortland, Dutchess,
Genessee, Kings,
Livingston, Monroe,
Nassau, New York,
Niagara, Onondaga,
Ontario, Orange,
Orleans, Putnam,
Queens, Richmond,
Rockland, Seneca,
Suffolk, Wayne,
Westchester, Yates

All counties
not listed

Clinton, Essex,
Eranklin, Hamilton,
Herkimer,
Jefferson, Lewis, St.
Lawrence,
Warren

—

North

Carolina

All counties

—

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

145

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)— continued
AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY

STATE

AIR-FREEZING INDEX

1500 or less

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

North

Dakota

—

Billings,

Bowman

Adams, Dickey,
Golden Valley, Het-
tinger, LaMoure,
Oliver, Ransom,
Sargent, Sioux,
Slope, Stark

All counties
not listed

Ohio

All counties not
listed

Ashland, Crawford,
Defiance, Holmes,
Huron, Knox,
Licking, Morrow,
Paulding, Putnam,
Richland, Seneca,
Williams

—

Oklahoma

All counties

—

Oregon

All counties
not listed

Baker, Crook, Grant,
Harney

—

Pennsylvania

All counties
not listed

Berks, Blair,
Bradford, Cambria,
Cameron, Centre,
Clarion, Clearfield,
Clinton, Crawford,
Elk, Forest,
Huntingdon,
Indiana, Jefferson,
Lackawanna,
Lycoming, McKean,
Pike, Potter,
Susquehanna, Tioga,
Venango, Warren,
Wayne, Wyoming

—

Rhode Island

All counties

—

South

Carolina

All counties

—

South Dakota

—

Bennett, Custer,
Fall River,
Lawrence, Mellette,
Shannon, Todd,
Tripp

Bon Homme,
Charles Mix,
Davison, Douglas,
Gregory, Jackson,
Jones, Lyman

All counties
not listed

Beadle, Brookings,
Brown, Campbell,
Codington, Corson,
Day, Deuel,
Edmunds, Faulk,
Grant, Hamlin,
Kingsbury,
Marshall,
McPherson,
Perkins, Roberts,
Spink, Walworth

—

Tennessee

All counties

—

Texas

All counties

—

Utah

All counties
not listed

Box Elder,
Morgan, Weber

Garfield, Salt Lake,
Summit

Carbon, Daggett,
Duchesne, Rich,
Sanpete, Uintah,
Wasatch

—

(continued)

146

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)— continued
AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY

STATE

AIR-FREEZING INDEX

1500 or less

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Vermont

—

Bennington,
Grand Isle, Rut-
land, Windham

Addison,
Chittenden,
Franklin, Orange,
Washington,
Windsor

Caledonia, Essex,
Lamoille, Orleans

—

Virginia

All counties

—

Washington

All counties
not listed

Chelan, Douglas,
Ferry, Okanogan

—

West

Virginia

All counties

—

Wisconsin

—

Kenosha,

Kewaunee, Racine,
Sheboygan,
Walworth

All counties
not listed

Ashland, Barron,
Burnett, Chippewa,
Clark, Dunn,
Eau Claire,
Elorence, Forest,
Iron, Jackson,

La Crosse,
Langlade,
Marathon, Monroe,
Pepin, Polk,
Portage, Price, Rust,
St. Croix, Taylor,
Trempealeau,
Vilas, Wood

Bayfield, Douglas,
Lincoln, Oneida,
Sawyer, Washburn

—

Wyoming

Goshen, Platte

Converse, Crook,
Laramie, Niobrara

Campbell, Carbon,
Hot Springs,
Johnson, Natrona,
Sheridan, Uinta,
Weston

Albany, Big Horn,
Park, Washakie

Fremont, Teton

Lincoln,

Sublette,

Sweetwater

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

147

FOUNDATIONS

INSULATION DETAIL

FLASHING PER SECTION R703.8
INSULATION PROTECTION PER SECTION R403.3.2

FINISH GRADE OR CONCRETE
SLAB OF ADJACENT UNHEATED
SLAB-ON-GROUND STRUCTURE

BEAM LINTEL OR CANTILEVER
TO CARRY LOAD OVER
NONLOAD-BEARING
INSULATION

CONCRETE MASONRY OR
PERMANENT WOOD
FOUNDATION GRADE BEAM
OR WALL OF ADJACENT
UNHEATED STRUCTURE

FOOTING AS REQUIRED

FROST-PROTECTED SHALLOW
FOUNDATION SLAB-ON-GRADE
FLOOR PER SECTION 403.3

NOMINAL 4 IN. SCREEN AND
WASHED GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE,
DRAINED PER SECTION R403.3.3

VERTICAL WALL INSULATION’

HORIZONTAL INSULATION’

HORIZONTAL INSULATION PLAN

ATTACHED SLAB
FOUNDATION OF UNHEATED
SLAB-ON-GROUND r-

STRUCTURE PER
SECTION R403.1
AND R403.2

1-FOUNDATION PERIMETER ]

HEATED BUILDING AREA

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. See Table R403.3(l) for required dimensions and R-values for vertical and horizontal insulation.

FIGURE R403.3(3)

INSULATION PLACEMENT FOR FROST-PROTECTED FOOTINGS ADJACENT TO UNHEATED SLAB-ON-GROUND STRUCTURE

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FOUNDATIONS

FOUNDATION OF HEATED
STRUCTURE PER
SECTIONS R403.1,
R403.2.AND R403.3.2

FROST-PROTECTION —
SHALLOW FOUNDATION

-INSIDE CORNER

FIGURE R403.3(4)

INSULATION PLACEMENT FOR FROST-PROTECTED FOOTINGS ADJACENT TO HEATED STRUCTURE

TABLE R403.4

MINIMUM DEPTH OF CRUSHED STONE FOOTINGS" (D), (inches)

NUMBER

STORIES

UNIFORM

WALL

LOAD

LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)

1500

2000

3000

4000

MH, CH, CL, ML

SC, GC, SM, GM, SP, SW

GP, GW

Wall width (inches)

Conventional light-frame construction

1 -story

1100 plf

2-story

1800 plf

3 -story

2900 plf

4-inch brick veneer over light-frame or 8-inch hollow concrete masonry

1 -story

1500 plf

2-story

2700 plf

3 -story

4000 plf

8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry

1 -story

2000 plf

2-story

3600 plf

3 -story

5300 plf

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m^.

a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).

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FOUNDATIONS

PRECAST

CONCRETE

WALL

CRASHED STONE
FOOTING \

INTERIOR

►

PRECAST

CONCRETE

WALL

FIGURE R403.4(1)

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH PRECAST
FOUNDATION WALL BEARING ON CRUSHED STONE

FIGURE R403.4(2)

BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH PRECAST
FOUNDATION WALL ON SPREAD FOOTING

SECTION R404

FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALLS

R404.1 Concrete and masonry foundation walls. Concrete
foundation walls shall be selected and constructed in accor-
dance with the provisions of Section R404.1.3. Masonry
foundation walls shall be selected and constructed in accor-
dance with the provisions of Section R404.1.2.

R404.1.1 Design required. Concrete or masonry founda-
tion walls shall be designed in accordance with accepted
engineering practice where either of the following condi-
tions exists:

1. Walls are subject to hydrostatic pressure from
ground water.

2. Walls supporting more than 48 inches (1219 mm) of
unbalanced backfill that do not have permanent lat-
eral support at the top or bottom.

R404.1.2 Design of masonry foundation walls. Masonry
foundation walls shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with the provisions of this section or in accor-
dance with the provisions of TMS 402/ ACI 530/ASCE 5.
When TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5 or the provisions of this
section are used to design masonry foundation walls, proj-
ect drawings, typical details and specifications are not
required to bear the seal of the architect or engineer
responsible for design, unless otherwise required by the
state law of the jurisdiction having authority.

R404.1.2.1 Masonry foundation walls. Concrete
masonry and clay masonry foundation walls shall be
constructed as set forth in Table R404. 1.1(1),

R404.1.1(2), R404.1.1(3) or R404.1.1(4) and shall also
comply with applicable provisions of Section R606. In
buildings assigned to Seismic Design Categories Dq, Dj
and D 2 , concrete masonry and clay masonry foundation
walls shall also comply with Section R404. 1.4.1. Rub-
ble stone masonry foundation walls shall be con-
structed in accordance with Sections R404.1.8 and
R606.3.2. Rubble stone masonry walls shall not be
used in Seismic Design Categories Dq, Dj and Dj.
R404.1.3 Concrete foundation walls. Concrete founda- |
tion walls that support light-frame walls shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with the provisions of this
section, ACI 318, ACI 332 or PCA 100. Concrete founda-
tion walls that support above-grade concrete walls that are
within the applicability limits of Section R608.2 shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with the provi-
sions of this section, ACI 318, ACI 332 or PCA 100. Con-
crete foundation walls that support above-grade concrete
walls that are not within the applicability limits of Section
R608.2 shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with the provisions of ACI 318, ACI 332 or PCA 100.
When ACI 318, ACI 332, PCA 100 or the provisions of
this section are used to design concrete foundation walls,
project drawings, typical details and specifications are not
required to bear the seal of the architect or engineer
responsible for design, unless otherwise required by the
state law of the jurisdiction having authority.

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2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.1(1)

PLAIN MASONRY FOUNDATION WALLS^

MAXIMUM WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

MAXIMUM
UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHr
(feet)

PLAIN MASONRY'

‘ MINIMUM NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS (inches)

Soil classes'’

GW, GP, SW
and SP

GM, GC, SM,
SM-SC and ML

SC, MH, ML-CL
and Inorganic CL

6 solid"* or 8

10 solid"*

12 solid"*

6 solid"* or 8

12 solid"*

Footnote e

10 grout"*

12 grout"*

Footnote e

6 grout"* or 8 solid"* or 12

6 grout"* or 8 solid"*

8 grout"* or 10 solid"*

6 grout"* or 10 solid"*

8 grout"* or 12 solid"*

8 grout"*

8 grout"* or 12 solid"*

10 grout"*

12 grout

10 grout"*

12 grout

Footnote e

12 grout

Footnote e

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 Pa.

a. Mortar shall be Type M or S and masonry shall be laid in running bond. Ungrouted hollow masonry units are permitted except where otherwise indicated.

b. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

c. Unbalanced backfill height is the difference in height between the exterior finish ground level and the lower of the top of the concrete footing that supports the
foundation wall or the interior finish ground level. Where an interior concrete slab-on-grade is provided and is in contact with the interior surface of the
foundation wall, measurement of the unbalanced backfill height from the exterior finish ground level to the top of the interior concrete slab is permitted.

d. Solid indicates solid masonry unit; grout indicates grouted hollow units.

e. Wall construction shall be in accordance with either Table R404. 1.1(2), Table R404. 1.1(3), Table R404. 1.1(4), or a design shall be provided.

f. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

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151

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.1(2)

8-INCH MASONRY FOUNDATION WALLS WITH REINFORCING WHERE d > 5 INCHES" ^

HEIGHT OF
UNBALANCED

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT AND SPACING (INCHES)"

WALL HEIGHT

Soil classes and lateral soil load'ipsf per foot below grade)

BACKFILL'

GW, GP, SW and SP soils

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML soils

SC, ML-CL and inorganic CL soils

4 feet for less)

#4 at 48

6 feet 8 inches

5 feet

#4 at 48

6 feet 8 inches

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 48

7 feet 4 inches

5 feet

#4 at 48

6 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

7 feet 4 inches

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

#6 at 40

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 48

5 feet

#4 at 48

8 feet

6 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

7 feet

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

#6 at 40

8 feet

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

#6 at 32

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 48

5 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

8 feet 8 inches

6 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

7 feet

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

#6 at 40

8 feet 8 inches

#6 at 48

#6 at 32

#6 at 24

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 48

5 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

9 feet 4 inches

6 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

7 feet

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

#6 at 40

8 feet

#6 at 48

#6 at 40

#6 at 24

9 feet 4 inches

#6 at 40

#6 at 24

#6 at 16

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 48

5 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

6 feet

#4 at 48

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

10 feet

7 feet

#5 at 48

#6 at 48

#6 at 32

8 feet

#6 at 48

#6 at 32

#6 at 24

9 feet

#6 at 40

#6 at 24

#6 at 16

10 feet

#6 at 32

#6 at 16

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.157 kPa/mm.

a. Mortar shall be Type M or S and masonry shall be laid in running bond.

b. Alternative reinforcing bar sizes and spacings having an equivalent cross-sectional area of reinforcement per lineal foot of wall shall be permitted provided
the spacing of the reinforcement does not exceed 72 inches in Seismic Design Categories A, B and C, and 48 inches in Seismic Design Categories Dq, D^ and
D,.

c. Vertical reinforcement shall be Grade 60 minimum. The distance, d, from the face of the soil side of the wall to the center of vertical reinforcement shall be
not less than 5 inches.

d. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System and design lateral soil loads are for moist conditions without hydrostatic pressure.
Refer to Table R405.1.

e. Unbalanced backfill height is the difference in height between the exterior finish ground level and the lower of the top of the concrete footing that supports the
foundation wall or the interior finish ground level. Where an interior concrete slab-on-grade is provided and is in contact with the interior surface of the
foundation wall, measurement of the unbalanced backfill height from the exterior finish ground level to the top of the interior concrete slab is permitted.

f. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

152

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.1(3)

10-INCH MASONRY FOUNDATION WALLS WITH REINFORCING WHERE d > 6.75 INCHES"

HEIGHT OF
UNBALANCED

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT AND SPACING (INCHES)' '

WALL HEIGHT

Soil classes and later soil load'lpsf per foot below grade)

BACKFILL'

GW, GP, SW and SP soils

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML soils

SC, ML-CL and Inorganic CL soils

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 56

6 feet 8 inches

5 feet

#4 at 56

6 feet 8 inches

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 56

7 feet 4 inches

5 feet

#4 at 56

6 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

7 feet 4 inches

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

#6 at 56

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 56

5 feet

#4 at 56

8 feet

6 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

7 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

#6 at 56

8 feet

#5 at 56

#6 at 56

#6 at 48

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 56

5 feet

#4 at 56

8 feet 8 inches

6 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

7 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

#6 at 56

8 feet 8 inches

#5 at 56

#6 at 48

#6 at 32

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 56

5 feet

#4 at 56

9 feet 4 inches

6 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

7 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

#6 at 56

8 feet

#5 at 56

#6 at 56

#6 at 40

9 feet 4 inches

#6 at 56

#6 at 40

#6 at 24

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 56

5 feet

#4 at 56

6 feet

#4 at 56

#5 at 56

10 feet

7 feet

#5 at 56

#6 at 56

#6 at 48

8 feet

#5 at 56

#6 at 48

#6 at 40

9 feet

#6 at 56

#6 at 40

#6 at 24

10 feet

#6 at 48

#6 at 32

#6 at 24

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.157 kPa/mm.

a. Mortar shall be Type M or S and masonry shall be laid in running bond.

c. Vertical reinforcement shall be Grade 60 minimum. The distance, d, from the face of the soil side of the wall to the center of vertical reinforcement shall be
not less than 6.75 inches.

d. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System and design lateral soil loads are for moist conditions without hydrostatic pressure.
Refer to Table R405.1.

f. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

153

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.1(4)

12-INCH MASONRY FOUNDATION WALLS WITH REINFORCING WHERE d > 8.75 INCHES"

HEIGHT OF
UNBALANCED

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT AND SPACING (INCHES)"

WALL HEIGHT

Soil classes and lateral soil load'lpsf per foot below grade)

BACKFILL'

GW, GP, SW and SP soils
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML soils
45

SC, ML-CL and inorganic CL soils
60

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 72

6 feet 8 inches

5 feet

#4 at 72

6 feet 8 inches

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 72

7 feet 4 inches

5 feet

#4 at 72

6 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

7 feet 4 inches

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

#6 at 72

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 72

5 feet

#4 at 72

8 feet

6 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

7 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

#6 at 72

8 feet

#5 at 72

#6 at 72

#6 at 64

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 72

5 feet

#4 at 72

8 feet 8 inches

6 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

7 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

#6 at 72

8 feet 8 inches

#5 at 72

#7 at 72

#6 at 48

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 72

5 feet

#4 at 72

9 feet 4 inches

6 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

7 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

#6 at 72

8 feet

#5 at 72

#6 at 72

#6 at 56

9 feet 4 inches

#6 at 72

#6 at 48

#6 at 40

4 feet (or less)

#4 at 72

5 feet

#4 at 72

6 feet

#4 at 72

#5 at 72

10 feet

7 feet

#4 at 72

#6 at 72

8 feet

#5 at 72

#6 at 72

#6 at 48

9 feet

#6 at 72

#6 at 56

#6 at 40

10 feet

#6 at 64

#6 at 40

#6 at 32

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.157 kPa/mm.

a. Mortar shall be Type M or S and masonry shall be laid in running bond.

c. Vertical reinforcement shall be Grade 60 minimum. The distance, d, from the face of the soil side of the wall to the center of vertical reinforcement shall be
not less than 8.75 inches.

d. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System and design lateral soil loads are for moist conditions without hydrostatic pressure.
Refer to Table R405.1.

e. Unbalanced backfill height is the difference in height between the exterior finish ground level and the lower of the top of the concrete footing that supports the
foundation wall or the interior finish ground levels. Where an interior concrete slab-on-grade is provided and in contact with the interior surface of the
foundation wall, measurement of the unbalanced backfill height is permitted to be measured from the exterior finish ground level to the top of the interior
concrete slab is permitted.

f. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

154

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(1)

MINIMUM HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE BASEMENT WALLS®

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
HEIGHT OF BASEMENT WALL
(feet)

LOCATION OF HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT

One No. 4 bar within 12 inches of the top of the wall story and one No. 4 bar near mid-height of the wall story.

One No. 4 bar within 12 inches of the top of the wall story and one No. 4 bar near third points in the wall story.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

a. Horizontal reinforcement requirements are for reinforcing bars with a minimum yield strength of 40,000 psi and concrete with a minimum concrete
compressive strength of 2,500 psi.

b. See Section R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for foundation walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

TABLE R404.1.2(2)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR 6-INCH NOMINAL FLAT CONCRETE BASEMENT WALLS'’

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

MAXIMUM UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHT'
(feet)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classes^ and design lateral soil (psf per foot of depth)

GW, GP, SW, SP
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML
45

SC, ML-CL and Inorganic CL
60

6 @ 39

6 @ 48

5 @ 39

6 @ 48

6 @ 35

6 @ 48

6 @ 34

6 @ 25

6 @ 39

6 @ 25

6 @ 18

5 @ 37

6 @ 48

5 @ 36

6 @ 44

6 @ 32

6 @ 47

6 @ 22

6 @ 34

6 @ 22

6 @ 16

6 @ 27

6 @ 17

5 @ 35

6 @ 48

6 @ 41

6 @ 30

6 @ 43

6 @ 28

6 @ 20

6 @ 31

6 @ 20

6 @ 24

6 @ 15

6 @ 19

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPaVm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

NR = Not required.

a. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

b. Table values are based on reinforcing bars with a minimum yield strength of 60,000 psi concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi
and vertical reinforcement being located at the centerline of the wall. See Section R404.1.3.3.7.2.

c. Vertical reinforcement with a yield strength of less than 60,000 psi and/or bars of a different size than specified in the table are permitted in accordance with
Section R404.1.3.3.7.6 and Table R404. 1.2(9).

d. Deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the height of the basement wall in inches.

e. Interpolation is not permitted.

f. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

g. NR indicates no vertical wall reinforcement is required, except for 6-inch-nominal walls formed with stay-in-place forming systems in which case vertical
reinforcement shall be No. 4@48 inches on center.

h. See Section R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

i. See Table R608.3 for tolerance from nominal thickness permitted for flat walls.

j. DR means design is required in accordance with the applicable building code, or where there is no code, in accordance with ACI 318.

k. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

155

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(3)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR 8-INCH (203 mm) NOMINAL FLAT CONCRETE BASEMENT WALLS'^

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

MAXIMUM UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHT®
(feet)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classes® and design lateral soil (psf per foot of depth)

GW, GP, SW, SP
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML
45

SC, ML-CL and inorganic CL
60

6 @ 37

6 @ 36

6 @ 35

6 @ 41

6 @ 35

6 @ 26

6 @ 35

6 @ 32

6 @ 36

6 @ 32

6 @ 23

6 @ 35

6 @ 25

6 @ 18

6 @ 35

6 @ 29

6 @ 35

6 @ 29

6 @ 21

6 @ 34

6 @ 22

6 @ 16

6 @ 27

6 @ 17

6 @ 13

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPaVm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

NR = Not required.

a. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

b. Table values are based on reinforcing bars with a minimum yield strength of 60,000 psi, concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi
and vertical reinforcement being located at the centerline of the wall. See Section R404.1.3.3.7.2.

d. NR indicates no vertical reinforcement is required.

e. Deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the height of the basement wall in inches.

f. Interpolation is not permitted.

g. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

h. See Section R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

i. See Table R608.3 for tolerance from nominal thickness permitted for flat walls.

I j. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

R404.1.3.1 Concrete cross-section. Concrete walls
constructed in accordance with this code shall comply
with the shapes and minimum concrete cross-sectional
dimensions required by Table R608.3. Other types of
forming systems resulting in concrete walls not in com-
pliance with this section and Table R608.3 shall be
designed in accordance with ACI 318.

R404.1.3.2 Reinforcement for foundation walls.

Concrete foundation walls shall be laterally supported
at the top and bottom. Horizontal reinforcement shall
be provided in accordance with Table R404. 1.2(1).
Vertical reinforcement shall be provided in accordance
with Table R404. 1.2(2), R404. 1.2(3), R404. 1.2(4),
R404. 1.2(5), R404. 1.2(6), R404. 1.2(7) or R404. 1.2(8).
Vertical reinforcement for flat basement walls retaining
4 feet (1219 mm) or more of unbalanced backfill is per-
mitted to be determined in accordance with Table
R404. 1.2(9). For basement walls supporting above-

grade concrete walls, vertical reinforcement shall be the
greater of that required by Tables R404. 1.2(2) through
R404. 1.2(8) or by Section R608.6 for the above-grade
wall. In buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category
Dq, Dj or D 2 , concrete foundation walls shall also com-
ply with Section R404. 1 .4.2.

R404.1.3.2.1 Concrete foundation stem walls sup- |
porting above-grade concrete walls. Foundation
stem walls that support above-grade concrete walls
shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with this section.

1 . Stem walls not laterally supported at top. Con-
crete stem walls that are not monolithic with
slabs-on-ground or are not otherwise laterally
supported by slabs-on-ground shall comply
with this section. Where unbalanced backfill
retained by the stem wall is less than or equal to
18 inches (457 mm), the stem wall and above-

156

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FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(4)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR 10-INCH NOMINAL FLAT CONCRETE BASEMENT WALLS'^ ‘

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

MAXIMUM UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHT^
(feet)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classes' and design lateral soil (psf per foot of depth)

GW, GP, SW, SP
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML
45

SC, ML-CL and inorganic CL
60

6 @ 48

6 @ 35

6 @ 28

6 @ 31

6 @ 28

6 @ 37

6 @ 28

6 @ 24

6 @ 28

6 @ 33

6 @ 28

6 @ 21

6 @ 28

6 @ 23

6 @ 17

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPa^/m, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
NR = Not required.

a. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

d. NR indicates no vertical reinforcement is required.

e. Deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the height of the basement wall in inches.

f. Interpolation is not permitted.

g. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

h. See Section R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

i. See Table R608.3 for tolerance from nominal thickness permitted for flat walls.

j. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

grade wall it supports shall be provided with
vertical reinforcement in accordance with Sec-
tion R608.6 and Table R608.6(l), R608.6(2) or
R608.6(3) for above-grade walls. Where unbal-
anced backfill retained by the stem wall is
greater than 18 inches (457 mm), the stem wall
and above-grade wall it supports shall be pro-
vided with vertical reinforcement in accordance
with Section R608.6 and Table R608.6(4).

2. Stem walls laterally supported at top. Concrete
stem walls that are monolithic with slabs-on-
ground or are otherwise laterally supported by
slabs-on-ground shall be vertically reinforced
in accordance with Section R608.6 and Table
R608.6(l), R608.6(2) or R608.6(3) for above-
grade walls. Where the unbalanced backfill
retained by the stem wall is greater than 18

inches (457 mm), the connection between the
stem wall and the slab-on-ground, and the por-
tion of the slab-on-ground providing lateral
support for the wall shall be designed in accor-
dance with PC A 100 or with accepted engineer-
ing practice. Where the unbalanced backfill
retained by the stem wall is greater than 18
inches (457 mm), the minimum nominal thick-
ness of the wall shall be 6 inches (152 mm).

R404.1. 3.2.2 Concrete foundation stem walls sup- |
porting light-frame above-grade walls. Concrete
foundation stem walls that support light-frame
above-grade walls shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with this section.

1 . Stem walls not laterally supported at top. Con-
crete stem walls that are not monolithic with
slabs-on-ground or are not otherwise laterally

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

157

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(5)

MINIMUM VERTICAL WALL REINFORCEMENT FOR 6-INCH WAFFLE-GRID BASEMENT WALLS'^ ® ^ ‘ ^

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

MAXIMUM UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHT'
(feet)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classes^and design lateral soil (psf per foot of depth)

GW, GP, SW, SP
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML
45

SC, ML-CL and inorganic CL
60

4 @ 48

4 @ 46

6 @ 39

4 @ 45

5 @ 46

6 @ 47

5 @ 45

6 @ 40

6 @ 44

6 @ 32

4 @ 48

4 @ 46

4 @ 37

4 @ 42

5 @ 43

6 @ 44

5 @ 41

6 @ 37

6 @ 39

DR‘

4 @ 48

4 @ 46

4 @ 35

4 @ 40

5 @ 40

6 @ 41

5 @ 38

6 @ 34

6 @ 36

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPaVm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
a. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

c. Maximum spacings shown are the values calculated for the specified bar size. Where the bar used is Grade 60 and the size specified in the table, the actual
spacing in the wall shall not exceed a whole-number multiple of 12 inches (i.e., 12, 24, 36 and 48) that is less than or equal to the tabulated spacing. Vertical
reinforcement with a yield strength of less than 60,000 psi and/or bars of a different size than specified in the table are permitted in accordance with Section
R404.1.3.3.7.6 and Table R404.1.2(9).

d. Deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the height of the basement wall in inches.

e. Interpolation is not permitted.

f. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

g. See Section R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

h. See Table R608.3 for thicknesses and dimensions of waffle-grid walls.

i. DR means design is required in accordance with the applicable building code, or where there is no code, in accordance with ACI 318.

j. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

supported by slabs-on-ground and retain 48
inches (1219 mm) or less of unbalanced fill,
measured from the top of the wall, shall be con-
structed in accordance with Section R404.1.3.

Foundation stem walls that retain more than 48
inches (1219 mm) of unbalanced fill, measured
from the top of the wall, shall be designed in
accordance with Sections R404.1.4 and
R404.4.

2. Stem walls laterally supported at top. Concrete
stem walls that are monolithic with slabs-on-
ground or are otherwise laterally supported by
slabs-on-ground shall be constructed in accor-
dance with Section R404.1.3. Where the
unbalanced backfill retained by the stem wall
is greater than 48 inches (1219 mm), the con-
nection between the stem wall and the slab-
on-ground, and the portion of the slab-on-
ground providing lateral support for the wall,
shall be designed in accordance with PCA 100

or in accordance with accepted engineering
practice.

R404. 1.3.3 Concrete, materials for concrete, and |
forms. Materials used in concrete, the concrete itself
and forms shall conform to requirements of this section
or ACI 318.

R404.1.3.3.1 Compressive strength. The minimum |
specified compressive strength of concrete, / shall
comply with Section R402.2 and shall be not less
than 2,500 psi (17.2 MPa) at 28 days in buildings
assigned to Seismic Design Category A, B or C and
3000 psi (20.5 MPa) in buildings assigned to Seis-
mic Design Category D^, Dj or D 2 .

R404.1.3.3.2 Concrete mixing and delivery. Mix- |
ing and delivery of concrete shall comply with
ASTM C94 or ASTM C685.

R404.1.3.3.3 Maximum aggregate size. The nomi- |
nal maximum size of coarse aggregate shall not
exceed one-fifth the narrowest distance between

158

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FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(6)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR 8-INCH WAFFLE-GRID BASEMENT WALLS'’ '^ ® ^ ‘ ‘

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

MAXIMUM UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHT®
(feet)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classes® and design lateral soli (psf per foot of depth)

GW, GP, SW, SP
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML
45

SC, ML-CL and Inorganic CL
60

5 @48

5 @ 46

5 @ 48

5 @ 43

6 @ 45

5 @ 46

6 @ 43

6 @ 31

6 @ 48

6 @ 32

6 @ 23

5 @ 47

5 @ 46

5 @ 39

6 @ 41

5 @ 42

6 @ 38

6 @ 28

6 @ 44

6 @ 28

6 @ 20

6 @ 34

6 @ 21

5 @46

5 @ 44

5 @ 46

5 @ 37

6 @ 38

5 @ 38

6 @ 35

6 @ 25

6 @ 39

6 @ 25

6 @ 30

6 @ 24

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPa^/m, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
NR = Not required.

a. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

c. Maximum spacings shown are the values calculated for the specified bar size. Where the bar used is Grade 60 (420 MPa) and the size specified in the table, the
actual spacing in the wall shall not exceed a whole-number multiple of 12 inches (i.e., 12, 24, 36 and 48) that is less than or equal to the tabulated spacing.
Vertical reinforcement with a yield strength of less than 60,000 psi and/or bars of a different size than specified in the table are permitted in accordance with
Section R404.1.3.3.7.6 and Table R404. 1.2(9).

d. NR indicates no vertical reinforcement is required.

e. Deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the height of the basement wall in inches.

f. Interpolation shall not be permitted.

g. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

h. See Section R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

i. See Table R608.3 for thicknesses and dimensions of waffle-grid walls.

j. DR means design is required in accordance with the applicable building code, or where there is no code, in accordance with ACI 318.

k. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

sides of forms, or three-fourths the clear spacing
between reinforcing bars or between a bar and the
side of the form.

Exception: When approved, these limitations
shall not apply where removable forms are used
and workability and methods of consolidation
permit concrete to be placed without honeycombs
or voids.

R404.1.3.3.4 Proportioning and slump of con-
crete. Proportions of materials for concrete shall be
established to provide workability and consistency
to permit concrete to be worked readily into forms
and around reinforcement under conditions of place-

ment to be employed, without segregation or exces-
sive bleeding. Slump of concrete placed in
removable forms shall not exceed 6 inches (152
mm).

Exception: When approved, the slump is permit-
ted to exceed 6 inches (152 mm) for concrete
mixtures that are resistant to segregation, and are
in accordance with the form manufacturer’s rec-
ommendations.

Slump of concrete placed in stay-in-place forms
shall exceed 6 inches (152 mm). Slump of concrete
shall be determined in accordance with ASTM
C143.

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FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(7)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR 6-INCH (152 mm) SCREEN-GRID BASEMENT WALLS'^ ® ‘ j

MAXIMUM UNSUPPORTED
WALL HEIGHT
(feet)

MAXIMUM UNBALANCED
BACKFILL HEIGHT*
(feet)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classes^ and design lateral soil (psf per foot of depth)

GW, GP, SW, SP
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML
45

SC, ML-CL and Inorganic CL
60

4 @ 48

5 @ 43

4 @ 48

5 @ 48

5 @ 37

5 @48

6 @ 45

6 @ 32

6 @ 48

6 @ 36

4 @ 48

4 @ 41

4 @ 48

5 @ 48

6 @ 48

5 @45

6 @ 41

6 @43

4 @ 48

4 @ 39

4 @ 44

5 @ 44

6 @ 46

5 @ 42

6 @ 38

6 @ 40

d. Deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the height of the basement wall in inches.

e. Interpolation is not permitted.

f. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

g. See Sections R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.

h. See Table R608.3 for thicknesses and dimensions of screen-grid walls.

i. DR means design is required in accordance with the applicable building code, or where there is no code, in accordance with ACI 318.

j. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

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FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(8)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR 6-, 8-, 10-INCH AND 12-INCH NOMINAL FLAT BASEMENT WALLS‘S

MAXIMUM

WALL

HEIGHT

(feet)

MAXIMUM

UNBALANCED

BACKFILL

HEIGHT®

(feet)

MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING (inches)

Soil classes® and design lateral soil (psf per foot of depth)

GW, GP, SW, SP
30

GM, GC, SM, SM-SC and ML
45

SC, ML-CL and Inorganic CL
60

Minimum nominal wall thickness (Inches)

NR‘

4 @ 35

NR'

5 @ 48

5 @ 36

5 @ 47

5 @ 42

6 @ 43

5 @ 48

NR'

5 @46

6 @ 42

5 @ 46

NR'

6 @ 34

6 @ 48

4 @ 38

NR‘

5 @43

4 @ 37

NR‘

5 @ 37

6 @ 37

5 @43

NR'

5 @ 40

6 @ 37

5 @ 41

NR'

6 @ 34

6 @ 43

6 @43

5 @ 47

NR‘

6 @ 34

6 @ 43

6 @ 27

6 @ 32

6 @ 44

4 @ 35

NR‘

5 @ 40

4 @ 34

NR‘

6 @ 48

6 @ 36

6 @ 39

NR'

5 @ 36

6 @ 34

5 @ 37

6 @ 33

6 @ 38

5 @ 37

NR'

6 @ 38

5 @ 41

NR‘

6 @ 33

6 @ 38

5 @ 37

NR'

6 @ 24

6 @ 29

6 @ 39

4 @ 48"

6 @ 34

6 @ 46

6 @ 26

6 @ 30

6 @ 41

6 @ 19

6 @ 23

6 @ 30

6 @ 39

4 @33

NR‘

5 @ 38

5 @48

NR‘

6 @45

6 @ 34

5 @ 37

6 @ 47

6 @ 34

6 @ 48

6 @ 30

6 @ 35

6 @ 48

NR'

6 @ 34

5 @ 38

6 @ 30

6 @ 34

6 @ 47

NR'

6 @ 22

6 @ 26

6 @ 35

6 @45"

6 @ 34

6 @ 41

4 @ 48

NR‘

6 @ 23

6 @ 27

6 @ 35

4 @ 48“

6 @ 22

6 @ 27

6 @ 34

6 @ 28

6 @ 33

6 @ 45

DRj

6 @ 23

6 @ 29

6 @ 38

6 @ 22

6 @28

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 1 foot = 304.8 mm; 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.1571 kPaVm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

NR = Not required.

a. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R405.1.

b. Table values are based on reinforcing bars with a minimum yield strength of 60,000 psi.

d. NR indicates no vertical wall reinforcement is required, except for 6 -inch nominal walls formed with stay-in-place forming systems in which case vertical
reinforcement shall be No. 4@48 inches on center.

e. Allowable deflection criterion is L/240, where L is the unsupported height of the basement wall in inches.

f. Interpolation is not permitted.

g. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.

h. Vertical reinforcement shall be located to provide a cover of IV 4 inches measured from the inside face of the wall. The center of the steel shall not vary from
the specified location by more than the greater of 10 percent of the wall thickness or Vg inch.

i. Concrete cover for reinforcement measured from the inside face of the wall shall be not less than V 4 inch. Concrete cover for reinforcement measured from
the outside face of the wall shall be not less than 1 V 2 inches for No. 5 bars and smaller, and not less than 2 inches for larger bars.

j. DR means design is required in accordance with the applicable building code, or where there is no code, in accordance with ACI 318.

k. Concrete shall have a specified compressive strength,/^, of not less than 2,500 psi at 28 days, unless a higher strength is required by Footnote 1 or m.

l. The minimum thickness is permitted to be reduced 2 inches, provided the minimum specified compressive strength of concrete, is 4,000 psi.

m. A plain concrete wall with a minimum nominal thickness of 12 inches is permitted, provided minimum specified compressive strength of concrete, / is
3,500 psi.

n. See Table R608.3 for tolerance from nominal thickness permitted for flat walls.

o. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

161

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R404.1.2(9)

MINIMUM SPACING FOR ALTERNATE BAR SIZE AND/OR ALTERNATE GRADE OF STEEL"

BAR SPACING FROM
APPLICABLE TABLE IN
SECTION R404.1.3.2
(inches)

BAR SIZE FROM APPLICABLE TABLE IN SECTION R404.1.3.2

Alternate bar size and/or alternate grade of steel desired

Grade 60

Grade 40

Grade 60

Grade 40

Grade 60

Grade 40

Maximum spacing for alternate bar size and/or alternate grade of steel (inches)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

a. This table is for use with tables in Section R404.1.3.2 that specify the minimum bar size and maximum spacing of vertical wall reinforcement for foundation
walls and above-grade walls. Reinforcement specified in tables in Section R404. 1.3.2 is based on Grade 60 steel reinforcement.

b. Bar spacing shall not exceed 48 inches on center and shall be not less than one-half the nominal wall thickness.

c. For Grade 50 steel bars (ASTM A996, Type R), use spacing for Grade 40 bars or interpolate between Grades 40 and 60.

162

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FOUNDATIONS

R404.1.3.3.5 Consolidation of concrete. Concrete
shall be consolidated by suitable means during
placement and shall be worked around embedded
items and reinforcement and into corners of forms.
Where stay-in-place forms are used, concrete shall
be consolidated by internal vibration.

Exception: When approved for concrete to be
placed in stay-in-place forms, self-consolidating
concrete mixtures with slumps equal to or greater
than 8 inches (203 mm) that are specifically
designed for placement without internal vibration
need not be internally vibrated.

R404.1.3.3.6 Form materials and form ties. Forms
shall be made of wood, steel, aluminum, plastic, a
composite of cement and foam insulation, a compos-
ite of cement and wood chips, or other approved
material suitable for supporting and containing con-
crete. Forms shall provide sufficient strength to con-
tain concrete during the concrete placement
operation.

Form ties shall be steel, solid plastic, foam plas-
tic, a composite of cement and wood chips, a com-
posite of cement and foam plastic, or other suitable
material capable of resisting the forces created by
fluid pressure of fresh concrete.

R404.1.3.3.6.1 Stay-in-place forms. Stay-in-
place concrete forms shall comply with this sec-
tion.

1. Surface burning characteristics. The flame-
spread index and smoke-developed index
of forming material, other than foam plas-
tic, left exposed on the interior shall com-
ply with Section R302. The surface burning
characteristics of foam plastic used in insu-
lating concrete forms shall comply with
Section R316.3.

2. Interior covering. Stay-in-place forms con-
structed of rigid foam plastic shall be pro-
tected on the interior of the building as
required by Section R316. Where gypsum
board is used to protect the foam plastic, it
shall be installed with a mechanical fasten-
ing system. Use of adhesives in addition to
mechanical fasteners is permitted.

3. Exterior wall covering. Stay-in-place forms
constructed of rigid foam plastics shall be
protected from sunlight and physical dam-
age by the application of an approved exte-
rior wall covering complying with this
code. Exterior surfaces of other stay-in-
place forming systems shall be protected in
accordance with this code.

4. Termite protection. In areas where the
probability of termite infestation is “very
heavy” as indicated by Table R301.2(l) or
Figure R30 1.2(6), foam plastic insulation
shall be permitted below grade on founda-

tion walls in accordance with Section
R318.4.

5. Flat ICF wall system forms shall conform
to ASTM E2634.

R404.1.3.3.7 Reinforcement.

R404.1.3.3.7.1 Steel reinforcement. Steel rein-
forcement shall comply with the requirements of
ASTM A615, A706, or A996. ASTM A996 bars
produced from rail steel shall be Type R. In
buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category
A, B or C, the minimum yield strength of rein-
forcing steel shall be 40,000 psi (Grade 40) (276
MPa). In buildings assigned to Seismic Design
Category D^, Dj or D 2 , reinforcing steel shall
comply with the requirements of ASTM A706 for
low-alloy steel with a minimum yield strength of
60,000 psi (Grade 60) (414 MPa).

R404.1.3.3.7.2 Location of reinforcement in |
wall. The center of vertical reinforcement in
basement walls determined from Tables
R404. 1 .2(2) through R404. 1 .2(7) shall be located |
at the centerline of the wall. Vertical reinforce-
ment in basement walls determined from Table
R404. 1.2(8) shall be located to provide a maxi- |
mum cover of IV 4 inches (32 mm) measured
from the inside face of the wall. Regardless of the
table used to determine vertical wall reinforce-
ment, the center of the steel shall not vary from
the specified location by more than the greater of
10 percent of the wall thickness and Vg inch (10
mm). Horizontal and vertical reinforcement shall
be located in foundation walls to provide the min-
imum cover required by Section R404. 1.3. 3.7.4.

R404.1.3.3.7.3 Wall openings. Vertical wall
reinforcement required by Section R404. 1.3.2
that is interrupted by wall openings shall have
additional vertical reinforcement of the same size
placed within 12 inches (305 mm) of each side of
the opening.

R404.1.3.3.7.4 Support and cover. Reinforce- |
ment shall be secured in the proper location in the
forms with tie wire or other bar support system to
prevent displacement during the concrete place-
ment operation. Steel reinforcement in concrete
cast against the earth shall have a minimum cover
of 3 inches (75 mm). Minimum cover for rein-
forcement in concrete cast in removable forms
that will be exposed to the earth or weather shall
be 1 V 2 inches (38 mm) for No. 5 bars and smaller,
and 2 inches (50 mm) for No. 6 bars and larger.
For concrete cast in removable forms that will not
be exposed to the earth or weather, and for con-
crete cast in stay-in-place forms, minimum cover
shall be V 4 inch (19 mm). The minus tolerance for
cover shall not exceed the smaller of one-third the
required cover or Vg inch (10 mm).

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

163

FOUNDATIONS

R404.1.3.3.7.5 Lap splices. Vertical and hori-
zontal wall reinforcement shall be the lon-
gest lengths practical. Where splices are
necessary in reinforcement, the length of
lap splice shall be in accordance with Table
R608.5.4.(l) and Figure R608.5.4(l). The
maximum gap between noncontact parallel
bars at a lap splice shall not exceed the
smaller of one-fifth the required lap length
and 6 inches (152 mm) [See Figure
R608.5.4(l)].

R404.1.3.3.7.6 Alternate grade of reinforce-
ment and spacing. Where tables in Section
R404.1.3.2 specify vertical wall reinforcement
based on minimum bar size and maximum spac-
ing, which are based on Grade 60 (414 MPa)
steel reinforcement, different size bars or bars
made from a different grade of steel are permitted
provided an equivalent area of steel per linear
foot of wall is provided. Use of Table
R404. 1.2(9) is permitted to determine the maxi-
mum bar spacing for different bar sizes than
specified in the tables or bars made from a differ-
ent grade of steel. Bars shall not be spaced less
than one-half the wall thickness, or more than 48
inches (1219 mm) on center.

R404.1.3.3.7.7 Standard hooks. Where rein-
forcement is required by this code to terminate
with a standard hook, the hook shall comply with
Section R608.5.4.5 and Figure R608.5.4(3).

R404.1.3.3.7.8 Construction joint reinforce-
ment. Construction joints in foundation walls
shall be made and located to not impair the
strength of the wall. Construction joints in plain
concrete walls, including walls required to have
not less than No. 4 bars at 48 inches (1219 mm) on
center by Sections R404. 1.3.2 and R404. 1.4.2,
shall be located at points of lateral support, and a
minimum of one No. 4 bar shall extend across the
construction joint at a spacing not to exceed 24
inches (610 mm) on center. Construction joint
reinforcement shall have a minimum of 12 inches
(305 mm) embedment on both sides of the joint.
Construction joints in reinforced concrete walls
shall be located in the middle third of the span
between lateral supports, or located and con-
structed as required for joints in plain concrete
walls.

Exception: Use of vertical wall reinforcement
required by this code is permitted in lieu of
construction joint reinforcement provided the
spacing does not exceed 24 inches (610 mm),
or the combination of wall reinforcement and
No.4 bars described above does not exceed 24
inches (610 mm).

R404.1.3.3.8 Exterior wall coverings. Require-
ments for installation of masonry veneer, stucco and
other wall coverings on the exterior of concrete walls

and other construction details not covered in this sec-
tion shall comply with the requirements of this code.

R404.1.3.4 Requirements for Seismic Design Cate- |
gory C. Concrete foundation walls supporting above-
grade concrete walls in townhouses assigned to Seismic
Design Category C shall comply with ACI 318, ACI
332 or PCA 100 (see Section R404.1.3). |

R404.1.4 Seismic Design Category D„, Dj or D^.

R404.1.4.1 Masonry foundation walls. In buildings
assigned to Seismic Design Category Dg, Dj or Dj, as
established in Table R301.2(l), masonry foundation
walls shall comply with this section. In addition to the
requirements of Table R404. 1.1(1), plain masonry
foundation walls shall comply with the following:

1. Wall height shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm).

2. Unbalanced backfill height shall not exceed 4
feet (1219 mm).

3. Minimum nominal thickness for plain masonry
foundation walls shall be 8 inches (203 mm).

4. Masonry stem walls shall have a minimum verti-
cal reinforcement of one No. 4 (No. 13) bar
located a maximum of 4 feet (1219 mm) on center
in grouted cells. Vertical reinforcement shall be
tied to the horizontal reinforcement in the foot-
ings.

Foundation walls, supporting more than 4 feet
(1219 mm) of unbalanced backfill or exceeding 8 feet
(2438 mm) in height shall be constructed in accordance
with Table R404.1.1(2), R404.1.1(3) or R404.1.1(4).
Masonry foundation walls shall have two No. 4 (No.
13) horizontal bars located in the upper 12 inches (305
mm) of the wall.

R404.1.4.2 Concrete foundation walls. In buildings
assigned to Seismic Design Category Dg, Dj or Dj, as
established in Table R301.2(l), concrete foundation
walls that support light-frame walls shall comply with
this section, and concrete foundation walls that support
above-grade concrete walls shall comply with ACI 318,
ACI 332 or PCA 100 (see Section R404.I.3). In addi-
tion to the horizontal reinforcement required by Table
R404. 1.2(1), plain concrete walls supporting light-
frame walls shall comply with the following.

1. Wall height shall not exceed 8 feet (2438 mm).

2. Unbalanced backfill height shall not exceed 4
feet (1219 mm).

3. Minimum thickness for plain concrete foundation
walls shall be 7.5 inches (191 mm) except that 6
inches (152 mm) is permitted where the maxi-
mum wall height is 4 feet, 6 inches (1372 mm).

Foundation walls less than 7.5 inches (191 mm) in
thickness, supporting more than 4 feet (1219 mm) of
unbalanced backfill or exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) in
height shall be provided with horizontal reinforcement
in accordance with Table R404. 1.2(1), and vertical
reinforcement in accordance with Table R404. 1.2(2),
R404. 1.2(3), R404. 1.2(4), R404. 1.2(5), R404. 1.2(6),

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R404. 1.2(7) or R404. 1.2(8). Where Tables R404. 1.2(2)
through R404. 1.2(8) permit plain concrete walls, not
less than No. 4 (No. 13) vertical bars at a spacing not
exceeding 48 inches (1219 mm) shall be provided.

R404.1.5 Foundation wall thickness based on walls
supported. The thickness of masonry or concrete founda-
tion walls shall not be less than that required by Section
R404. 1.5.1 or R404.1.5.2, respectively.

R404.1.5.1 Masonry wall thickness. Masonry founda-
tion walls shall be not bless than the thickness of the
wall supported, except that masonry foundation walls
of at least 8-inch (203 mm) nominal thickness shall be
permitted under brick veneered frame walls and under
10-inch-wide (254 mm) cavity walls where the total

height of the wall supported, including gables, is not
more than 20 feet (6096 mm), provided the require-
ments of Section R404. 1 . 1 are met.

R404.1.5.2 Concrete wall thickness. The thickness of
concrete foundation walls shall be equal to or greater
than the thickness of the wall in the story above. Con-
crete foundation walls with corbels, brackets or other
projections built into the wall for support of masonry
veneer or other purposes are not within the scope of the
tables in this section.

Where a concrete foundation wall is reduced in
thickness to provide a shelf for the support of masonry
veneer, the reduced thickness shall be equal to or
greater than the thickness of the wall in the story above.

MIN. NINE 16D NAILS

MIN. 4 IN. MASONRY
CURTAIN WALL

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.0175 rad.

FIGURE R404.1.5(1)

FOUNDATION WALL CLAY MASONRY CURTAIN WALL WITH CONCRETE MASONRY PIERS

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

165

FOUNDATIONS

Vertical reinforcement for the foundation wall shall be
based on Table R404. 1.2(8) and located in the wall as
required by Section R404.1.3.3.7.2 where that table is
used. Vertical reinforcement shall be based on the
thickness of the thinner portion of the wall.

Exception: Where the height of the reduced thick-
ness portion measured to the underside of the floor
assembly or sill plate above is less than or equal to
24 inches (610 mm) and the reduction in thickness
does not exceed 4 inches (102 mm), the vertical
reinforcement is permitted to be based on the thicker
portion of the wall.

R404.1.5.3 Pier and cnrtain wall foundations. Use of

pier and curtain wall foundations shall be permitted to
support light-frame construction not more than two sto-
ries in height, provided the following requirements are
met:

1 . All load-bearing walls shall be placed on continu-
ous concrete footings placed integrally with the
exterior wall footings.

2. The minimum actual thickness of a load-bearing
masonry wall shall be not less than 4 inches (102
mm) nominal or 3% inches (92 mm) actual thick-
ness, and shall be bonded integrally with piers
spaced in accordance with Section R606.6.4.

3. Piers shall be constructed in accordance with Sec-
tions R606.7 and R606.7.1, and shall be bonded
into the load-bearing masonry wall in accordance
with Section R606.13.1 or R606.13.1.1.

4. The maximum height of a 4-inch (102 mm) load-
bearing masonry foundation wall supporting
wood-frame walls and floors shall be not more
than 4 feet (1219 mm).

5. Anchorage shall be in accordance with Section
R403.1.6, Figure R404. 1.5(1), or as specified by
engineered design accepted by the building offi-
cial.

6. The unbalanced fill for 4-inch (102 mm) founda-
tion walls shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm)
for solid masonry or 12 inches (305 mm) for hol-
low masonry.

7. In Seismic Design Categories Dq, Dj and D 2 , pre-
scriptive reinforcement shall be provided in the
horizontal and vertical direction. Provide mini-
mum horizontal joint reinforcement of two No. 9
gage wires spaced not less than 6 inches (152 mm)
or one V 4 -inch-diameter (6.4 mm) wire at 10
inches (254 mm) on center vertically. Provide
minimum vertical reinforcement of one No. 4 bar
at 48 inches (1220 mm) on center horizontally
grouted in place.

R404.1.6 Height above finished grade. Concrete and
masonry foundation walls shall extend above the finished
grade adjacent to the foundation at all points a minimum
of 4 inches (102 mm) where masonry veneer is used and a
minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) elsewhere.

R404.1.7 Backfill placement. Backfill shall not be placed
against the wall until the wall has sufficient strength and
has been anchored to the floor above, or has been suffi-
ciently braced to prevent damage by the backfill.

Exception: Bracing is not required for walls supporting
less than 4 feet (1219 mm) of unbalanced backfill.

R404.1.8 Rubble stone masonry. Rubble stone masonry
foundation walls shall have a minimum thickness of 16
inches (406 mm), shall not support an unbalanced backfill
exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm) in height, shall not support a
soil pressure greater than 30 pounds per square foot per
foot (4.71 kPa/m), and shall not be constructed in Seismic
Design Categories Dg, Dj, Dj or townhouses in Seismic
Design Category C, as established in Figure R301.2(2).

R404.1.9 Isolated masonry piers. Isolated masonry piers
shall be constructed in accordance with this section and
the general masonry construction requirements of Section
R606. Hollow masonry piers shall have a minimum nomi-
nal thickness of 8 inches (203 mm), with a nominal height
not exceeding four times the nominal thickness and a nom-
inal length not exceeding three times the nominal thick-
ness. Where hollow masonry units are solidly filled with
concrete or grout, piers shall be permitted to have a nomi-
nal height not exceeding ten times the nominal thickness.
Footings for isolated masonry piers shall be sized in accor-
dance with Section R403. 1.1.

R404.I.9.1 Pier cap. Hollow masonry piers shall be
capped with 4 inches (102 mm) of solid masonry or
concrete, a masonry cap block, or shall have cavities of
the top course filled with concrete or grout. Where
required, termite protection for the pier cap shall be
provided in accordance with Section R318.

R404. 1.9.2 Masonry piers supporting floor girders.

Masonry piers supporting wood girders sized in accor-
dance with Tables R602.7(l) and R602.7(2) shall be
permitted in accordance with this section. Piers sup-
porting girders for interior bearing walls shall have a
minimum nominal dimension of 12 inches (305 mm)
and a maximum height of 10 feet (3048 mm) from top
of footing to bottom of sill plate or girder. Piers sup-
porting girders for exterior bearing walls shall have a
minimum nominal dimension of 12 inches (305 mm)
and a maximum height of 4 feet (1220 mm) from top of
footing to bottom of sill plate or girder. Girders and sill
plates shall be anchored to the pier or footing in accor-
dance with Section R403.1.6 or Figure R404. 1.5(1).
Floor girder bearing shall be in accordance with Sec-
tion R502.6.

R404.I.9.3 Masonry piers supporting braced wall
panels. Masonry piers supporting braced wall panels
shall be designed in accordance with accepted engi-
neering practice.

R404.I.9.4 Seismic design of masonry piers.

Masonry piers in dwellings located in Seismic Design
Category Dg, Dj or Dj, and townhouses in Seismic
Design Category C, shall be designed in accordance
with accepted engineering practice.

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R404.1.9.5 Masonry piers in flood hazard areas.

Masonry piers for dwellings in flood hazard areas shall
be designed in accordance with Section R322.

R404.2 Wood foundation walls. Wood foundation walls
shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of Sec-
tions R404.2.1 through R404.2.6 and with the details shown
in Figures R403.1(2) and R403.1(3).

R404.2.1 Identiflcation. Load-bearing lumber shall be
identified by the grade mark of a lumber grading or
inspection agency which has been approved by an accredi-
tation body that complies with DOC PS 20. In lieu of a
grade mark, a certificate of inspection issued by a lumber
grading or inspection agency meeting the requirements of
this section shall be accepted. Wood structural panels shall
conform to DOC PS 1 or DOC PS 2 and shall be identified
by a grade mark or certificate of inspection issued by an
approved agency.

R404.2.2 Stud size. The studs used in foundation walls
shall be 2-inch by 6-inch (51 mm by 152 mm) members.

When spaced 16 inches (406 mm) on center, a wood spe-
cies with an Cj, value of not less than 1,250 pounds per
square inch (8619 kPa) as listed in ANSI AWC NDS shall
be used. When spaced 12 inches (305 mm) on center, an
of not less than 875 psi (6033 kPa) shall be required.

R404.2.3 Height of backfill. For wood foundations that are
not designed and installed in accordance with AWC PWF,
the height of backfill against a foundation wall shall not
exceed 4 feet (1219 mm). When the height of fill is more
than 12 inches (305 mm) above the interior grade of a crawl
space or floor of a basement, the thickness of the plywood
sheathing shall meet the requirements of Table R404.2.3.

R404.2.4 Backfilling. Wood foundation walls shall not be
backfilled until the basement floor and first floor have
been constructed or the walls have been braced. For crawl
space construction, backfill or bracing shall be installed on
the interior of the walls prior to placing backfill on the
exterior.

TABLE R404.2.3

PLYWOOD GRADE AND THICKNESS FOR WOOD FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION (30 pcf equivalent-fluid weight soil pressure)

HEIGHT OF FILL
(inches)

STUD SPACING
(inches)

FACE GRAIN ACROSS STUDS

FACE GRAIN PARALLEL TO STUDS

Grade“

Minimum thickness
(inches)

Span rating

Grade“

Minimum thickness
(inches)”'

Span rating

15/

'32

32/16

15/

'32

32/16

15/ c
'32

32/16

15/

'32

32/16

15/ c
'32

32/16

‘%2^(4, 5 ply)

40/20

15/

'32

32/16

'32

32/16

‘%2^(4, 5 ply)

32/16

‘%2(4, 5 ply)

40/20

15/ c

'32

32/16

19/

'32

40/20

23/

'32

48/24

15/

'32

32/16

15/ c
'32

32/16

‘%/(4, 5 ply)

40/20

19/

'32

40/20

19/ c
'32

40/20

23/

'32

48/24

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per cubic foot = 0.1572 kN/m’.
a. Plywood shall be of the following minimum grades in accordance with DOC PS 1 or DOC PS 2:

1 . DOC PS 1 Plywood grades marked:

1.1. Structural I C-D (Exposure 1).

1.2. C-D (Exposure 1).

2. DOC PS 2 Plywood grades marked:

2.1. Structural I Sheathing (Exposure 1).

2.2. Sheathing (Exposure 1).

3. Where a major portion of the wall is exposed above ground and a better appearance is desired, the following plywood grades marked exterior are suitable:

3.1. Structural I A-C, Structural I B-C or Structural I C-C (Plugged) in accordance with DOC PS 1.

3.2. A-C Group 1, B-C Group 1, C-C (Plugged) Group 1 or MDO Group 1 in accordance with DOC PS 1.

3.3. Single Floor in accordance with DOC PS 1 or DOC PS 2.

b. Minimum thickness 'V 32 inch, except crawl space sheathing shall have not less than Vginch for face grain across studs 16 inches on center and maximum 2-foot
depth of unequal fill.

c. For this fill height, thickness and grade combination, panels that are continuous over less than three spans (across less than three stud spacings) require
blocking 16 inches above the bottom plate. Offset adjacent blocks and fasten through studs with two 16d corrosion-resistant nails at each end.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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FOUNDATIONS

R404.2.5 Drainage and dampprooflng. Wood founda-
tion basements shall be drained and dampproofed in accor-
dance with Sections R405 and R406, respectively.

R404.2.6 Fastening. Wood structural panel foundation
wall sheathing shall be attached to framing in accordance
with Table R602.3(l) and Section R402.1.1.

R404.3 Wood sill plates. Wood sill plates shall be a mini-
mum of 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) nominal lum-
ber. Sill plate anchorage shall be in accordance with Sections
R403.1.6 and R602.il.

R404.4 Retaining walls. Retaining walls that are not later-
ally supported at the top and that retain in excess of 48 inches
(1219 mm) of unbalanced fill, or retaining walls exceeding 24
inches (610 mm) in height that resist lateral loads in addition
to soil, shall be designed in accordance with accepted engi-
neering practice to ensure stability against overturning, slid-
ing, excessive foundation pressure and water uplift. Retaining
walls shall be designed for a safety factor of 1 .5 against lat-
eral sliding and overturning. This section shall not apply to
foundation walls supporting buildings.

R404.5 Precast concrete foundation walls.

R404.5.1 Design. Precast concrete foundation walls shall
be designed in accordance with accepted engineering prac-
tice. The design and manufacture of precast concrete foun-
dation wall panels shall comply with the materials
requirements of Section R402.3 or ACI 318. The panel
design drawings shall be prepared by a registered design
professional.

R404.5.2 Precast concrete foundation design drawings.

Precast concrete foundation wall design drawings shall be
submitted to the building official and approved prior to
installation. Drawings shall include, at a minimum, the
following information:

1 . Design loading as applicable.

2. Footing design and material.

3. Concentrated loads and their points of application.

4. Soil bearing capacity.

5. Maximum allowable total uniform load.

6. Seismic design category.

7. Basic wind speed.

R404.5.3 Identification. Precast concrete foundation wall
panels shall be identified by a certificate of inspection
label issued by an approved third-party inspection agency.

SECTION R405
FOUNDATION DRAINAGE

R405.1 Concrete or masonry foundations. Drains shall be
provided around concrete or masonry foundations that retain
earth and enclose habitable or usable spaces located below
grade. Drainage tiles, gravel or crushed stone drains, perfo-

rated pipe or other approved systems or materials shall be
installed at or below the area to be protected and shall dis-
charge by gravity or mechanical means into an approved
drainage system. Gravel or crushed stone drains shall extend
not less than 1 foot (305 mm) beyond the outside edge of the
footing and 6 inches (152 mm) above the top of the footing and
be covered with an approved filter membrane material. The
top of open joints of drain tiles shall be protected with strips of
building paper. Except where otherwise recommended by the
drain manufacturer, perforated drains shall be surrounded with
an approved filter membrane or the filter membrane shall
cover the washed gravel or crushed rock covering the drain.
Drainage tiles or perforated pipe shall be placed on a minimum
of 2 inches (5 1 mm) of washed gravel or crushed rock not less
than one sieve size larger than the tile joint opening or perfo-
ration and covered with not less than 6 inches (152 mm) of the
same material.

Exception: A drainage system is not required where the
foundation is installed on well-drained ground or sand-
gravel mixture soils according to the Unified Soil Classi-
fication System, Group I soils, as detailed in Table
R405.1.

R405.1.1 Precast concrete foundation. Precast concrete
walls that retain earth and enclose habitable or useable
space located below-grade that rest on crushed stone foot-
ings shall have a perforated drainage pipe installed below
the base of the wall on either the interior or exterior side of
the wall, not less than 1 foot (305 mm) beyond the edge of
the wall. If the exterior drainage pipe is used, an approved
filter membrane material shall cover the pipe. The drain-
age system shall discharge into an approved sewer system
or to daylight.

R405.2 Wood foundations. Wood foundations enclosing
habitable or usable spaces located below grade shall be ade-
quately drained in accordance with Sections R405.2.1
through R405.2.3.

R405.2.1 Base. A porous layer of gravel, crushed stone or
coarse sand shall be placed to a minimum thickness of 4
inches (102 mm) under the basement floor. Provision shall
be made for automatic draining of this layer and the gravel
or crushed stone wall footings.

R405.2.2 Vapor retarder. A 6-mil-thick (0.15 mm) poly-
ethylene vapor retarder shall be applied over the porous
layer with the basement floor constructed over the poly-
ethylene.

R405.2.3 Drainage system. In other than Group I soils, a
sump shall be provided to drain the porous layer and foot-
ings. The sump shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm)
in diameter or 20 inches square (0.0129 m^), shall extend
not less than 24 inches (610 mm) below the bottom of the
basement floor and shall be capable of positive gravity or
mechanical drainage to remove any accumulated water.
The drainage system shall discharge into an approved
sewer system or to daylight.

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TABLE R405.1

PROPERTIES OF SOILS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SOIL

GROUP

UNIFIED SOIL
CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM SYMBOL

SOIL DESCRIPTION

DRAINAGE

CHARACTERISTICS*

FROST HEAVE
POTENTIAL

VOLUME CHANGE
POTENTIAL
EXPANSION”

Group I

Well-graded gravels, gravel sand mixtures, little or no
fines

Good

Low

Poorly graded gravels or gravel sand mixtures, little or no
fines

Good

Low

Well-graded sands, gravelly sands, little or no fines

Good

Low

Poorly graded sands or gravelly sands, little or no fines

Good

Low

Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures

Good

Medium

Low

Silty sand, sand-silt mixtures

Good

Medium

Low

Group II

Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures

Medium

Low

Clayey sands, sand-clay mixture

Medium

Low

Inorganic silts and very fine sands, rock flour, silty or
clayey fine sands or clayey silts with slight plasticity

Medium

High

Low

Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly
clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays

Medium

Medium
to Low

Group III

Inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat clays

Poor

Medium

High

Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sandy or
silty soils, elastic silts

Poor

High

Group IV

Organic silts and organic silty clays of low plasticity

Poor

Medium

Organic clays of medium to high plasticity, organic silts

Unsatisfactory

Medium

High

Peat and other highly organic soils

Unsatisfactory

Medium

High

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. The percolation rate for good drainage is over 4 inches per hour, medium drainage is 2 inches to 4 inches per hour, and poor is less than 2 inches per hour.

b. Soils with a low potential expansion typically have a plasticity index (PI) of 0 to 15, soils with a medium potential expansion have a PI of 10 to 35 and soils
with a high potential expansion have a PI greater than 20.

SECTION R406

FOUNDATION WATERPROOFING
AND DAMPPROOFING

R406.1 Concrete and masonry foundation dampproofing.

Except where required by Section R406.2 to be waterproofed,
foundation walls that retain earth and enclose interior spaces
and floors below grade shall be dampproofed from the higher
of (a) the top of the footing or (b) 6 inches (152 mm) below the
top of the basement floor, to the finished grade. Masonry walls
shall have not less than inch (9.5 mm) portland cement parg-
ing applied to the exterior of the wall. The parging shall be
dampproofed in accordance with one of the following:

1. Bituminous coating.

2. Three pounds per square yard (1.63 kg/m^) of acrylic
modified cement.

3. One-eighth-inch (3.2 mm) coat of surface-bonding
cement complying with ASTM C887.

4. Any material permitted for waterproofing in Section
R406.2.

5. Other approved methods or materials.

Exception: Parging of unit masonry walls is not
required where a material is approved for direct appli-
cation to the masonry.

Concrete walls shall be dampproofed by applying any one
of the listed dampproofing materials or any one of the water-
proofing materials listed in Section R406.2 to the exterior of
the wall.

R406.2 Concrete and masonry foundation waterproofing.

In areas where a high water table or other severe soil-water
conditions are known to exist, exterior foundation walls that
retain earth and enclose interior spaces and floors below
grade shall be waterproofed from the higher of (a) the top of
the footing or (b) 6 inches (152 mm) below the top of the
basement floor, to the finished grade. Walls shall be water-
proofed in accordance with one of the following:

1 . Two-ply hot-mopped felts.

2. Fifty-five-pound (25 kg) roll roofing.

3. Six-mil (0.15 mm) polyvinyl chloride.

4. Six-mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene.

5. Forty-mil (1 mm) polymer-modified asphalt.

6. Sixty-mil (1.5 mm) flexible polymer cement.

7. One-eighth-inch (3 mm) cement-based, fiber-reinforced,
waterproof coating.

8. Sixty-mil (1.5 mm) solvent-free liquid-applied syn-
thetic rubber.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

169

FOUNDATIONS

Exception: Organic-solvent-based products such as

hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones and es-
ters shall not he used for ICF walls with expanded polysty-
rene form material. Use of plastic roofing cements, acrylic
coatings, latex coatings, mortars and pargings to seal ICF
walls is permitted. Cold-setting asphalt or hot asphalt shall
conform to Type C of ASTM D449. Hot asphalt shall be
applied at a temperature of less than 200°F (93°C).

All joints in membrane waterproofing shall he lapped and
sealed with an adhesive compatible with the membrane.

R406.3 Dampproofing for wood foundations. Wood foun-
dations enclosing habitable or usable spaces located below
grade shall be dampproofed in accordance with Sections
R406.3.1 through R406.3.4.

R406.3.1 Panel joint sealed. Plywood panel joints in the
foundation walls shall be sealed full length with a caulking
compound capable of producing a moistureproof seal
under the conditions of temperature and moisture content
at which it will he applied and used.

R406.3.2 Below-grade moisture barrier. A 6 -mil-thick
(0.15 mm) polyethylene film shall be applied over the
below-grade portion of exterior foundation walls prior to
backfilling. Joints in the polyethylene film shall he lapped
6 inches (152 mm) and sealed with adhesive. The top edge
of the polyethylene film shall be bonded to the sheathing to
form a seal. Film areas at grade level shall be protected
from mechanical damage and exposure by a pressure-pre-
servative treated lumber or plywood strip attached to the
wall several inches above finished grade level and extend-
ing approximately 9 inches (229 mm) below grade. The
joint between the strip and the wall shall be caulked full
length prior to fastening the strip to the wall. Where
approved, other coverings appropriate to the architectural
treatment shall be permitted to be used. The polyethylene
film shall extend down to the bottom of the wood footing
plate but shall not overlap or extend into the gravel or
crushed stone footing.

R406.3.3 Porous fill. The space between the excavation
and the foundation wall shall he backfilled with the same
material used for footings, up to a height of 1 foot (305
mm) above the footing for well-drained sites, or one-half
the total back-fill height for poorly drained sites. The
porous fill shall be covered with strips of 30-pound (13.6
kg) asphalt paper or 6 -mil (0.15 mm) polyethylene to per-
mit water seepage while avoiding infiltration of fine soils.
R406.3.4 Backfill. The remainder of the excavated area
shall be backfilled with the same type of soil as was
removed during the excavation.

R406.4 Precast concrete foundation system dampprooHng.

Except where required hy Section R406.2 to be waterproofed,
precast concrete foundation walls enclosing habitable or use-
able spaces located below grade shall be dampproofed in
accordance with Section R406. 1 .

R406.4.1 Panel joints sealed. Precast concrete foundation
panel joints shall be sealed full height with a sealant meet-
ing ASTM C920, Type S or M, Grade NS, Class 25, Use
NT, M or A. Joint sealant shall he installed in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions.

SECTION R407
COLUMNS

R407.1 Wood column protection. Wood columns shall be
protected against decay as set forth in Section R317.

R407.2 Steel column protection. All surfaces (inside and
outside) of steel columns shall be given a shop coat of rust-
inhibitive paint, except for corrosion-resistant steel and steel
treated with coatings to provide corrosion resistance.

R407.3 Structural requirements. The columns shall be
restrained to prevent lateral displacement at the bottom end.
Wood columns shall he not less in nominal size than 4 inches
by 4 inches (102 mm by 102 mm). Steel columns shall be not
less than 3 -inch-diameter (76 mm) Schedule 40 pipe manufac-
tured in accordance with ASTM A53 Grade B or approved
equivalent.

Exception: In Seismic Design Categories A, B and C, col-
umns not more than 48 inches (1219 mm) in height on a
pier or footing are exempt from the bottom end lateral dis-
placement requirement within under-floor areas enclosed
by a continuous foundation.

SECTION R408
UNDER-FLOOR SPACE

R408.1 Ventilation. The under-floor space between the bot-
tom of the floor joists and the earth under any building
(except space occupied by a basement) shall have ventilation
openings through foundation walls or exterior walls. The
minimum net area of ventilation openings shall be not less
than 1 square foot (0.0929 m^) for each 150 square feet (14
m^) of under-floor space area, unless the ground surface is
covered by a Class 1 vapor retarder material. Where a Class 1
vapor retarder material is used, the minimum net area of ven-
tilation openings shall be not less than 1 square foot (0.0929
m^) for each 1,500 square feet (140 m^) of under-floor space
area. One such ventilating opening shall be within 3 feet (914
mm) of each corner of the building.

R408.2 Openings for under-floor ventilation. The mini-
mum net area of ventilation openings shall be not less than 1
square foot (0.0929 m^) for each 150 square feet (14 m^) of
under-floor area. One ventilation opening shall he within 3
feet (915 mm) of each corner of the building. Ventilation
openings shall he covered for their height and width with any
of the following materials provided that the least dimension
of the covering shall not exceed V 4 inch (6.4 mm):

1. Perforated sheet metal plates not less than 0.070 inch
( 1.8 mm) thick.

2. Expanded sheet metal plates not less than 0.047 inch
( 1.2 mm) thick.

3. Cast-iron grill or grating.

4. Extruded load-bearing brick vents.

5. Hardware cloth of 0.035 inch (0.89 mm) wire or heavier.

6 . Corrosion-resistant wire mesh, with the least dimension
being Vg inch (3.2 mm) thick.

Exception: The total area of ventilation openings shall be
permitted to be reduced to V 1500 of the under-floor area
where the ground surface is covered with an approved

170

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FOUNDATIONS

Class I vapor retarder material and the required openings
are placed to provide cross ventilation of the space. The
installation of operable louvers shall not be prohibited.
R408.3 Unvented crawl space. Ventilation openings in
under- floor spaces specified in Sections R408.1 and R408.2
shall not be required where the following items are provided:

1. Exposed earth is covered with a continuous Class I
vapor retarder. Joints of the vapor retarder shall overlap
by 6 inches (152 mm) and shall be sealed or taped. The
edges of the vapor retarder shall extend not less than 6
inches (152 mm) up the stem wall and shall be attached
and sealed to the stem wall or insulation.

2. One of the following is provided for the under-floor
space:

2. 1 . Continuously operated mechanical exhaust ven-
tilation at a rate equal to 1 cubic foot per minute
(0.47 L/s) for each 50 square feet (4.7 m^) of
crawl space floor area, including an air pathway
to the common area (such as a duct or transfer

> grille).

2.2. Conditioned air supply sized to deliver at a rate
equal to 1 cubic foot per minute (0.47 L/s) for
each 50 square feet (4.7 m^) of under-floor area,
including a return air pathway to the common
area (such as a duct or transfer grille). Crawl
space perimeter walls shall be insulated in
accordance with the minimum insulation
requirements established in the California
Energy Code. Crawl space insulation shall be
permanently fastened to the wall and extend
downward from the floor to the finished grade
level and then vertically and/or horizontally for
at least an additional 24 inches (610 mm).

2.3. Plenum in structures complying with the Cali-
fornia Mechanical Code, if under-floor space is
used as a plenum.

R408.4 Access. Access shall be provided to all under-floor
spaces. Access openings through the floor shall be a mini-
mum of 18 inches by 24 inches (457 mm by 610 mm). Open-
ings through a perimeter wall shall be not less than 16 inches
by 24 inches (407 mm by 610 mm). Where any portion of the
through-wall access is below grade, an areaway not less than
16 inches by 24 inches (407 mm by 610 mm) shall be pro-
vided. The bottom of the areaway shall be below the thresh-
old of the access opening. Through wall access openings shall
not be located under a door to the residence. See the Califor-
nia Mechanical Code for access requirements where mechan-
ical equipment is located under floors.

R408.5 Removal of debris. The under-floor grade shall be
cleaned of all vegetation and organic material. All wood
forms used for placing concrete shall be removed before a
building is occupied or used for any purpose. All construction
materials shall be removed before a building is occupied or
used for any purpose.

R408.6 Finished grade. The finished grade of under-floor
surface shall be permitted to be located at the bottom of the
footings; however, where there is evidence that the ground-
water table can rise to within 6 inches (152 mm) of the fin-
ished floor at the building perimeter or where there is
evidence that the surface water does not readily drain from
the building site, the grade in the under- floor space shall be as
high as the outside finished grade, unless an approved drain-
age system is provided.

R408.7 Flood resistance. For buildings located in flood haz-
ard areas as established in Table R301.2(l):

1. Walls enclosing the under-floor space shall be provided
with flood openings in accordance with Section
R322.2.2.

2. The finished ground level of the under-floor space shall
be equal to or higher than the outside finished ground
level on at least one side.

Exception: Under-floor spaces that meet the require-
ments of FEMA/FIA TB 1 1 - 1 .

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

171

172

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

CHAPTER 5 - FLOORS

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

SS/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended sections
iisted beiow)

Adopt oniy those sections
that are iisted beiow

Chapter / Section

R502.1.1

R502.11.1

R506.2.3. 1

CHAPTER 5

FLOORS

SECTION R501
GENERAL

R501.1 Application. The provisions of this chapter shall
control the design and construction of the floors for buildings,
including the floors of attic spaces used to house mechanical
or plumbing fixtures and equipment.

R501.2 Requirements. Floor construction shall be capable
of accommodating all loads in accordance with Section R301
and of transmitting the resulting loads to the supporting struc-
tural elements.

SECTION R502
WOOD FLOOR FRAMING

R502.1 General. Wood and wood-based products used for
load-supporting purposes shall conform to the applicable pro-
visions of this section.

R502.1.1 Sawn lumber. Sawn lumber shall be identified
by a grade mark of an accredited lumber grading or
inspection agency and have design values certified by an
accreditation body that complies with DOC PS 20. In lieu
of a grade mark, a certificate of inspection issued by a
lumber grading or inspection agency meeting the require-
ments of this section shall be accepted.

Note: See Section R301. 1.1.1 for limited-density
owner-built rural dwellings.

R502.1.1.1 Preservative-treated lumber. Preservative
treated dimension lumber shall also be identified as
required by Section R317.2.

R502.1.1.2 End-jointed lumber. Approved end-
jointed lumber identified by a grade mark conforming
to Section R502. 1 . 1 shall be permitted to be used inter-
changeably with solid-sawn members of the same spe-
cies and grade. End-jointed lumber used in an assembly
required elsewhere in this code to have a fire-resistance
rating shall have the designation “Heat Resistant Adhe-
sive” or “HRA” included in its grade mark.

R502.1.2 Prefabricated wood I-joists. Structural capaci- |
ties and design provisions for prefabricated wood I-joists
shall be established and monitored in accordance with
ASTM D5055.

R502.1.3 Structural glued lamiuated timbers. Glued |
laminated timbers shall be manufactured and identified as
required in ANSI/AITC A190.1 and ASTM D3737.
R502.1.4 Structural log members. Structural log mem-
bers shall comply with the provisions of ICC-400.

R502.1.5 Structural composite lumber. Structural
capacities for structural composite lumber shall be estab-
lished and monitored in accordance with ASTM D5456.
R502.1.6 Cross-laminated timber. Cross-laminated tim-
ber shall be manufactured and identified as required by
ANSI/APA PRG 320.

R502.1.7 Engineered wood rim board. Engineered wood
rim boards shall conform to ANSI/APA PRR 410 or shall
be evaluated in accordance with ASTM D7672. Structural
capacities shall be in accordance with ANSI/APA PRR
410 or established in accordance with ASTM D7672. Rim
boards conforming to ANSEAPA PRR 410 shall be
marked in accordance with that standard.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

173

FLOORS

R502.2 Design and construction. Floors shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with the provisions of this
chapter, Figure R502.2 and Sections R317 and R318 or in
accordance with ANSI AWC NDS.

R502.2.1 Framing at braced wall lines. A load path for
lateral forces shall be provided between floor framing and
braced wall panels located above or below a floor, as spec-
ified in Section R602.10.8.

R502.2.2 Blocking and subflooring. Blocking for fasten-
ing panel edges or fixtures shall be a minimum of utility
grade lumber. Subflooring shall be a minimum of utility
grade lumber. No. 4 common grade boards or wood struc-
tural panels as specified in Section R503.2. Fireblocking
shall be of any grade lumber.

R502.3 Allowable joist spans. Spans for floor joists shall be
in accordance with Tables R502.3.1(l) and R502.3.1(2). For
other grades and species and for other loading conditions,
refer to the AWC STIR.

R502.3.1 Sleeping areas and attic joists. Table
R502.3.1(l) shall be used to determine the maximum
allowable span of floor joists that support sleeping areas
and attics that are accessed by means of a fixed stairway in
accordance with Section R31 1.7 provided that the design
live load does not exceed 30 pounds per square foot (1.44
kPa) and the design dead load does not exceed 20 pounds
per square foot (0.96 kPa). The allowable span of ceiling
joists that support attics used for limited storage or no
storage shall be determined in accordance with Section
R802.4.

R502.3.2 Other floor joists. Table R502.3.1(2) shall be
used to determine the maximum allowable span of floor
joists that support other areas of the building, other than
sleeping rooms and attics, provided that the design live
load does not exceed 40 pounds per square foot (1.92 kPa)
and the design dead load does not exceed 20 pounds per
square foot (0.96 kPa).

R502.3.3 Floor cantilevers. Floor cantilever spans shall
not exceed the nominal depth of the wood floor joist. Floor
cantilevers constructed in accordance with Table
R502.3.3(l) shall be permitted where supporting a light-
frame bearing wall and roof only. Floor cantilevers sup-
porting an exterior balcony are permitted to be constructed
in accordance with Table R502.3.3(2).

R502.4 Joists under bearing partitions. Joists under paral-
lel bearing partitions shall be of adequate size to support the
load. Double joists, sized to adequately support the load, that
are separated to permit the installation of piping or vents shall
be full depth solid blocked with lumber not less than 2 inches
(51 mm) in nominal thickness spaced not more than 4 feet
(1219 mm) on center. Bearing partitions perpendicular to
joists shall not be offset from supporting girders, walls or par-
titions more than the joist depth unless such joists are of suffi-
cient size to carry the additional load.

R502.5 Allowable girder and header spans. The allowable
spans of girders and headers fabricated of dimension lumber
shall not exceed the values set forth in Tables R602.7(l),
R602.7(2) and R602.7(3).

R502.6 Bearing. The ends of each joist, beam or girder
shall have not less than iVj inches (38 mm) of bearing on
wood or metal and not less than 3 inches (76 mm) on
masonry or concrete except where supported on a 1-inch by
4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) ribbon strip and nailed to the
adjacent stud or by the use of approved joist hangers. The
bearing on masonry or concrete shall be direct, or a sill plate
of 2-inch-minimum (51 mm) nominal thickness shall be
provided under the joist, beam or girder. The sill plate shall
provide a minimum nominal bearing area of 48 square
inches (30 865 square mm).

R502.6.1 Floor systems. Joists framing from opposite
sides over a bearing support shall lap not less than 3 inches
(76 mm) and shall be nailed together with a minimum
three lOd face nails. A wood or metal splice with strength
equal to or greater than that provided by the nailed lap is
permitted.

R502.6.2 Joist framing. Joists framing into the side of a
wood girder shall be supported by approved framing
anchors or on ledger strips not less than nominal 2 inches
by 2 inches (51 mm by 51 mm).

R502.7 Lateral restraint at supports. Joists shall be sup-
ported laterally at the ends by full-depth solid blocking not
less than 2 inches (5 1 mm) nominal in thickness; or by attach-
ment to a full-depth header, band or rim joist, or to an adjoin-
ing stud or shall be otherwise provided with lateral support to
prevent rotation.

Exceptions:

1. Trusses, structural composite lumber, structural
glued-laminated members and 1-joists shall be sup-
ported laterally as required by the manufacturer’ s rec-
ommendations.

2. In Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and Dj, lateral
restraint shall be provided at each intermediate sup-
port.

R502.7.1 Bridging. Joists exceeding a nominal 2 inches
by 12 inches (51 mm by 305 mm) shall be supported later-
ally by solid blocking, diagonal bridging (wood or metal),
or a continuous 1 inch by 3 inch (25.4 mm by 76 mm) strip
nailed across the bottom of joists perpendicular to joists at
intervals not exceeding 8 feet (2438 mm).

Exception: Trusses, structural composite lumber, struc-
tural glued-laminated members and I-joists shall be sup-
ported laterally as required by the manufacturer’s
recommendations.

R502.8 Cutting, drilling and notching. Structural floor
members shall not be cut, bored or notched in excess of the
limitations specified in this section. See Figure R502.8.

R502.8.1 Sawn lumber. Notches in solid lumber joists,
rafters and beams shall not exceed one- sixth of the depth
of the member, shall not be longer than one-third of the
depth of the member and shall not be located in the mid-
dle one-third of the span. Notches at the ends of the
member shall not exceed one-fourth the depth of the
member. The tension side of members 4 inches (102 mm)
or greater in nominal thickness shall not be notched
except at the ends of the members. The diameter of holes

174

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FLOORS

bored or cut into members shall not exceed one-third the
depth of the member. Holes shall not be closer than 2
inches (5 1 mm) to the top or bottom of the member, or to
any other hole located in the member. Where the member
is also notched, the hole shall not be closer than 2 inches
(5 1 mm) to the notch.

R502.8.2 Engineered wood products. Cuts, notches and
holes bored in trusses, structural composite lumber, struc-
tural glue-laminated members, cross-laminated timber
members or I-joists are prohibited except where permitted
by the manufacturer’s recommendations or where the
effects of such alterations are specifically considered in
the design of the member by a registered design profes-
sional.

R502.9 Fastening. Floor framing shall be nailed in accor-
dance with Table R602.3(l). Where posts and beam or girder
construction is used to support floor framing, positive con-
nections shall be provided to ensure against uplift and lateral
displacement.

R502.10 Framing of openings. Openings in floor framing
shall be framed with a header and trimmer joists. Where the
header joist span does not exceed 4 feet (1219 mm), the
header joist shall be a single member the same size as the
floor joist. Single trimmer joists shall be used to carry a sin-
gle header joist that is located within 3 feet (914 mm) of the
trimmer joist bearing. Where the header joist span exceeds 4
feet (1219 mm), the trimmer joists and the header joist shall
be doubled and of sufficient cross section to support the floor
joists framing into the header.

R502.il Wood trusses.

R502.11.1 Design. Wood trusses shall be designed in
accordance with approved engineering practice. The
design and manufacture of metal-plate-connected wood
trusses shall comply with ANSI/TPI 1. The truss design
drawings shall be prepared by a registered design profes-
sional.

R502.11.2 Bracing. Trusses shall be braced to prevent
rotation and provide lateral stability in accordance with the
requirements specified in the construction documents for
the building and on the individual truss design drawings.
In the absence of specific bracing requirements, trusses
shall be braced in accordance with accepted industry prac-
tices, such as, the SBCA Building Component Safety
Information (BCSI) Guide to Good Practice for Handling,
Installing & Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood
Trusses.

R502.11.3 Alterations to trusses. Truss members and
components shall not be cut, notched, spliced or otherwise
altered in any way without the approval of a registered
design professional. Alterations resulting in the addition of

load that exceed the design load for the truss, shall not be
permitted without verification that the truss is capable of
supporting the additional loading.

R502.11.4 Truss design drawings. Truss design draw-
ings, prepared in compliance with Section R502.11.1,
shall be submitted to the building official and approved
prior to installation. Truss design drawings shall be pro-
vided with the shipment of trusses delivered to the job site.
Truss design drawings shall include, at a minimum, the
information specified as follows:

1 . Slope or depth, span and spacing.

2. Location of all joints.

3. Required bearing widths.

4. Design loads as applicable:

4.1. Top chord live load.

4.2. Top chord dead load.

4.3. Bottom chord live load.

4.4. Bottom chord dead load.

4.5. Concentrated loads and their points of appli-
cation.

4.6. Controlling wind and earthquake loads.

5. Adjustments to lumber and joint connector design
values for conditions of use.

6. Each reaction force and direction.

7. Joint connector type and description, such as size,
thickness or gage, and the dimensioned location of
each joint connector except where symmetrically
located relative to the joint interface.

8. Lumber size, species and grade for each member.

9. Connection requirements for:

9.1. Truss-to-girder-truss.

9.2. Truss ply-to-ply.

9.3. Field splices.

10. Calculated deflection ratio and/or maximum descrip-
tion for live and total load.

11. Maximum axial compression forces in the truss
members to enable the building designer to design the
size, connections and anchorage of the permanent
continuous lateral bracing. Forces shall be shown on
the truss drawing or on supplemental documents.

12. Required permanent truss member bracing location.
R502.12 Draftstopping required. Draftstopping shall be
provided in accordance with Section R302.12.

R502.13 Fireblocking required. Fireblocking shall be pro-
vided in accordance with Section R302.1 1.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

175

FLOORS

SUBFLOOR OR

SEPARATED FOR PIPES, BLOCK
4 FT ON CENTER MAXIMUM

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R502.2
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION

176

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FLOORS

TABLE R502.3.1(1)

FLOOR JOIST SPANS FOR COMMON LUMBER SPECIES
(Residential sleeping areas, live load = 30 psf, L/A = 360)^

JOIST

SPACING

(inches)

SPECIES AND GRADE

DEAD LOAD = 10 psf

DEAD LOAD = 20 psf

2x6

2x8

2 X 10

2 X 12

2x6

2x8

2x10

2 X 12

Maximum floor joist spans

(ft -in.)

(ft - in.)

(ft -in.)

Douglas fir-larch

12-6

16-6

21-0

25-7

12-6

16-6

21-0

25-7

Douglas fir-larch

12-0

15-10

20-3

24-8

12-0

15-7

19-0

22-0

Douglas fir-larch

11-10

15-7

19-10

23-4

11-8

14-9

18-0

20-11

Douglas fir-larch

9-11

12-7

15-5

17-10

8-11

11-3

13-9

16-0

Hem-fir

11-10

15-7

19-10

24-2

11-10

15-7

19-10

24-2

Hem-fir

11-7

15-3

19-5

23-7

11-7

15-3

18-9

21-9

Hem-fir

11-0

14-6

18-6

22-6

11-0

14-4

17-6

20-4

Hem-fir

9-8

12-4

15-0

17-5

11-0

13-5

15-7

Southern pine

12-3

16-2

20-8

25-1

12-3

16-2

20-8

25-1

Southern pine

11-10

15-7

19-10

24-2

11-10

15-7

18-7

22-0

Southern pine

11-3

14-11

18-1

21-4

10-9

13-8

16-2

19-1

Southern pine

9-2

11-6

14-0

16-6

8-2

10-3

12-6

14-9

Spruce-pine-fir

11-7

15-3

19-5

23-7

11-7

15-3

19-5

23-7

Spruce-pine-fir

11-3

14-11

19-0

23-0

11-3

14-7

17-9

20-7

Spruce-pine-fir

11-3

14-11

19-0

23-0

11-3

14-7

17-9

20-7

Spruce-pine-fir

9-8

12-4

15-0

17-5

11-0

13-5

15-7

Douglas fir-larch

11-4

15-0

19-1

23-3

11-4

15-0

19-1

23-3

Douglas fir-larch

10-11

14-5

18-5

21-4

10-8

13-6

16-5

19-1

Douglas fir-larch

10-9

14-2

17-5

20-3

10-1

12-9

15-7

18-1

Douglas fir-larch

8-7

10-11

13-4

15-5

7-8

9-9

11-11

13-10

Hem-fir

10-9

14-2

18-0

21-11

10-9

14-2

18-0

21-11

Hem-fir

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-1

10-6

13-4

16-3

18-10

Hem-fir

10-0

13-2

16-10

19-8

9-10

12-5

15-2

17-7

Hem-fir

8-5

10-8

13-0

15-1

7-6

9-6

11-8

13-6

Southern pine

11-2

14-8

18-9

22-10

11-2

14-8

18-9

22-10

Southern pine

10-9

14-2

18-0

21-4

10-9

13-9

16-1

19-1

Southern pine

10-3

13-3

15-8

18-6

9-4

11-10

14-0

16-6

Southern pine

7-11

10-0

11-1

14-4

7-1

8-11

10-10

12-10

Spruce-pine-fir

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-6

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-4

Spruce-pine-fir

10-3

13-6

17-2

19-11

9-11

12-7

15-5

17-10

Spruce-pine-fir

10-3

13-6

17-2

19-11

9-11

12-7

15-5

17-10

Spruce-pine-fir

8-5

10-8

13-0

15-1

7-6

9-6

11-8

13-6

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

177

FLOORS

TABLE R502.3.1(1)— continued
FLOOR JOIST SPANS FOR COMMON LUMBER SPECIES
(Residential sleeping areas, live load = 30 psf, L/A = 360)^

JOIST

SPACING

(inches)

SPECIES AND GRADE

DEAD LOAD = 10 psf

DEAD LOAD = 20 psf

2x6

2x8

2 X 10

2 X 12

2x6

2x8

2 X 10

2x12

Maximum floor joist spans

(ft -in.)

19.2

Douglas fir-larch

10-8

14-1

18-0

21-10

10-8

14-1

18-0

21-4

Douglas fir-larch

10-4

13-7

16-9

19-6

9-8

12-4

15-0

17-5

Douglas fir-larch

10-1

13-0

15-11

18-6

9-3

11-8

14-3

16-6

Douglas fir-larch

7-10

10-0

12-2

14-1

7-0

8-11

10-11

12-7

Hem-fir

10-1

13-4

17-0

20-8

10-1

13-4

17-0

20-7

Hem-fir

9-10

13-0

16-7

19-3

9-7

12-2

14-10

17-2

Hem-fir

9-5

12-5

15-6

17-1

8-11

11-4

13-10

16-1

Hem-fir

7-8

9-9

11-10

13-9

6-10

8-8

10-7

12-4

Southern pine

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-6

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-6

Southern pine

10-1

13-4

16-5

19-6

9-11

12-7

14-8

17-5

Southern pine

9-6

12-1

14-4

16-10

8-6

10-10

12-10

15-1

Southern pine

7-3

9-1

11-0

13-1

6-5

8-2

9-10

11-8

Spruce-pine-fir

9-10

13-0

16-7

20-2

9-10

13-0

16-7

19-6

Spruce-pine-fir

9-8

12-9

15-8

18-3

9-1

11-6

14-1

16-3

Spruce-pine-fir

9-8

12-9

15-8

18-3

9-1

11-6

14-1

16-3

Spruce-pine-fir

7-8

9-9

11-10

13-9

6-10

10-7

12-4

Douglas fir-larch

9-11

13-1

16-8

20-3

9-11

13-1

16-5

19-1

Douglas fir-larch

9-7

12-4

15-0

17-5

11-0

13-5

15-7

Douglas fir-larch

9-3

11-8

14-3

16-6

8-3

10-5

12-9

14-9

Douglas fir-larch

7-0

8-11

10-11

12-7

6-3

8-0

9-9

11-3

Hem-fir

9-4

12-4

15-9

19-2

9-4

12-4

15-9

18-5

Hem-fir

9-2

12-1

14-10

17-2

8-7

10-10

13-3

15-5

Hem-fir

8-9

11-4

13-10

16-1

8-0

10-2

12-5

14-4

Hem-fir

6-10

10-7

12-4

6-2

7-9

9-6

11-0

Southern pine

9-9

12-10

16-5

19-11

9-9

12-10

16-5

19-8

Southern pine

9-4

12-4

14-8

17-5

8-10

11-3

13-1

15-7

Southern pine

8-6

10-10

12-10

15-1

7-7

9-8

11-5

13-6

Southern pine

6-5

8-2

9-10

11-8

5-9

7-3

8-10

10-5

Spruce-pine-fir

9-2

12-1

15-5

18-9

9-2

12-1

15-0

17-5

Spruce-pine-fir

8-11

11-6

14-1

16-3

8-1

10-3

12-7

14-7

Spruce-pine-fir

8-11

11-6

14-1

16-3

8-1

10-3

12-7

14-7

Spruce-pine-fir

6-10

8-8

10-7

12-4

6-2

7-9

9-6

11-0

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

Note: Check sources for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20 feet.

a. Dead load limits for townhouses in Seismic Design Category C and all structures in Seismic Design Categories D„, Dj and Dj shall be determined in
accordance with Section R301.2.2.2.1.

178

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FLOORS

TABLE R502.3.1(2)

FLOOR JOIST SPANS FOR COMMON LUMBER SPECIES
(Residential living areas, iive load = 40 psf, L/A = 360)'’

JOIST

SPACING

(inches)

SPECIES AND GRADE

DEAD LOAD = 10 psf

DEAD LOAD = 20 psf

2x6

2x8

2 X 10

2 X 12

2x6

2x8

2 X 10

2 X 12

Maximum floor joist spans

(ft - in.)

Douglas fir-larch

11-4

15-0

19-1

23-3

11-4

15-0

19-1

23-3

Douglas fir-larch

10-11

14-5

18-5

22-0

10-11

14-2

17-4

20-1

Douglas fir-larch

10-9

14-2

18-0

20-11

10-8

13-6

16-5

19-1

Douglas fir-larch

8-11

11-3

13-9

16-0

8-1

10-3

12-7

14-7

Hem-fir

10-9

14-2

18-0

21-11

10-9

14-2

18-0

21-11

Hem-fir

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-6

10-6

13-10

17-1

19-10

Hem-fir

10-0

13-2

16-10

20-4

10-0

13-1

16-0

18-6

Hem-fir

11-0

13-5

15-7

7-11

10-0

12-3

14-3

Southern pine

11-2

14-8

18-9

22-10

11-2

14-8

18-9

22-10

Southern pine

10-9

14-2

18-0

21-11

10-9

14-2

16-11

20-1

Southern pine

10-3

13-6

16-2

19-1

9-10

12-6

14-9

17-5

Southern pine

8-2

10-3

12-6

14-9

7-5

9-5

11-5

13-6

Spruce-pine-fir

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-6

10-6

13-10

17-8

21-6

Spruce-pine-fir

10-3

13-6

17-3

20-7

10-3

13-3

16-3

18-10

Spruce-pine-fir

10-3

13-6

17-3

20-7

10-3

13-3

16-3

18-10

Spruce-pine-fir

11-0

13-5

15-7

7-11

10-0

12-3

14-3

Douglas fir-larch

10-4

13-7

17-4

21-1

10-4

13-7

17-4

21-1

Douglas fir-larch

9-11

13-1

16-5

19-1

9-8

12-4

15-0

17-5

Douglas fir-larch

9-9

12-9

15-7

18-1

9-3

11-8

14-3

16-6

Douglas fir-larch

7-8

9-9

11-11

13-10

7-0

8-11

10-11

12-7

Hem-fir

9-9

12-10

16-5

19-11

9-9

12-10

16-5

19-11

Hem-fir

9-6

12-7

16-0

18-10

9-6

12-2

14-10

17-2

Hem-fir

9-1

12-0

15-2

17-7

8-11

11-4

13-10

16-1

Hem-fir

7-6

9-6

11-8

13-6

6-10

10-7

12-4

Southern pine

10-2

13-4

17-0

20-9

10-2

13-4

17-0

20-9

Southern pine

9-9

12-10

16-1

19-1

9-9

12-7

14-8

17-5

Southern pine

9-4

11-10

14-0

16-6

8-6

10-10

12-10

15-1

Southern pine

7-1

8-11

10-10

12-10

6-5

8-2

9-10

11-8

Spruce-pine-fir

9-6

12-7

16-0

19-6

9-6

12-7

16-0

19-6

Spruce-pine-fir

9-4

12-3

15-5

17-10

9-1

11-6

14-1

16-3

Spruce-pine-fir

9-4

12-3

15-5

17-10

9-1

11-6

14-1

16-3

Spruce-pine-fir

7-6

9-6

11-8

13-6

6-10

10-7

12-4

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

179

FLOORS

TABLE R502.3.1 (2)— continued
FLOOR JOIST SPANS FOR COMMON LUMBER SPECIES
(Residential living areas, live load = 40 psf, L/A = 360)'’

JOIST

SPACING

(Inches)

SPECIES AND GRADE

DEAD LOAD = 10 psf

DEAD LOAD = 20 psf

2x6

2x8

2 X 10

2 X 12

2x6

2x8

2 X 10

2x12

Maximum floor joist spans

(ft - In.)

(ft -in.)

(ft - in.)

19.2

Douglas fir-larch

9-8

12-10

16-4

19-10

9-8

12-10

16-4

19-6

Douglas fir-larch

9-4

12-4

15-0

17-5

8-10

11-3

13-8

15-11

Douglas fir-larch

9-2

11-8

14-3

16-6

8-5

10-8

13-0

15-1

Douglas fir-larch

7-0

8-11

10-11

12-7

6-5

8-2

9-11

11-6

Hem-fir

9-2

12-1

15-5

18-9

9-2

12-1

15-5

18-9

Hem-fir

9-0

11-10

14-10

17-2

8-9

11-1

13-6

15-8

Hem-fir

8-7

11-3

13-10

16-1

8-2

10-4

12-8

14-8

Hem-fir

6-10

10-7

12-4

6-3

7-11

9-8

11-3

Southern pine

9-6

12-7

16-0

19-6

9-6

12-7

16-0

19-6

Southern pine

9-2

12-1

14-8

17-5

9-0

11-5

13-5

15-11

Southern pine

8-6

10-10

12-10

15-1

7-9

9-10

11-8

13-9

Southern pine

6-5

8-2

9-10

11-8

5-11

7-5

9-0

10-8

Spruce-pine-fir

9-0

11-10

15-1

18-4

9-0

11-10

15-1

17-9

Spruce-pine-fir

8-9

11-6

14-1

16-3

8-3

10-6

12-10

14-10

Spruce-pine-fir

8-9

11-6

14-1

16-3

8-3

10-6

12-10

14-10

Spruce-pine-fir

6-10

10-7

12-4

6-3

7-11

9-8

11-3

Douglas fir-larch

9-0

11-11

15-2

18-5

9-0

11-11

15-0

17-5

Douglas fir-larch

11-0

13-5

15-7

7-11

10-0

12-3

14-3

Douglas fir-larch

8-3

10-5

12-9

14-9

7-6

9-6

11-8

13-6

Douglas fir-larch

6-3

8-0

9-9

11-3

5-9

7-3

8-11

10-4

Hem-fir

8-6

11-3

14-4

17-5

8-6

11-3

14-4

16-10“

Hem-fir

8-4

10-10

13-3

15-5

7-10

9-11

12-1

14-0

Hem-fir

7-11

10-2

12-5

14-4

7-4

9-3

11-4

13-1

Hem-fir

6-2

7-9

9-6

11-0

5-7

7-1

10-1

Southern pine

8-10

11-8

14-11

18-1

8-10

11-8

14-11

18-0

Southern pine

8-6

11-3

13-1

15-7

8-1

10-3

12-0

14-3

Southern pine

7-7

9-8

11-5

13-6

7-0

8-10

10-5

12-4

Southern pine

5-9

7-3

8-10

10-5

5-3

6-8

8-1

9-6

Spruce-pine-fir

8-4

11-0

14-0

17-0

8-4

11-0

13-8

15-11

Spruce-pine-fir

8-1

10-3

12-7

14-7

7-5

9-5

11-6

13-4

Spruce-pine-fir

8-1

10-3

12-7

14-7

7-5

9-5

11-6

13-4

Spruce-pine-fir

6-2

7-9

9-6

11-0

5-7

7-1

10-1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

Note: Check sources for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20 feet.

a. End bearing length shall be increased to 2 inches.

b. Dead load limits for townhouses in Seismic Design Category C and all structures in Seismic Design Categories D„, Dj, and Dj shall be determined in
accordance with Section R301.2.2.2.1.

180

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FLOORS

TABLE R502.3.3(1)

CANTILEVER SPANS FOR FLOOR JOISTS SUPPORTING LIGHT-FRAME EXTERIOR BEARING WALL AND ROOF ONLY" ^ ^

(Floor Live Load < 40 psf, Roof Live Load < 20 psf)

MEMBER & SPACING

MAXIMUM CANTILEVER SPAN (Uplift Force at Backspan Support in Lbs.)" "

Ground Snow Load

< 20 psf

30 psf

50 psf

70 psf

Roof Width

24 ft

32 ft

40 ft

24 ft

32 ft

40 ft

24 ft

32 ft

40 ft

24 ft

32 ft

40 ft

2 X 8 @ 12"

20"

(177)

15"

(227)

—

18"

(209)

—

2 X 10 @ 16"

29"

(228)

21"

(297)

16"

(364)

26"

(271)

18"

(354)

—

20"

(375)

—

2 X 10 @ 12"

36"

(166)

26"

(219)

20"

(270)

34"

(198)

22"

(263)

16"

(324)

26"

(277)

—

19"

(356)

—

2 X 12 @ 16"

—

32"

(287)

25"

(356)

36"

(263)

29"

(345)

21"

(428)

29"

(367)

20"

(484)

—

23"

(471)

—

2 X 12 @ 12"

—

42"

(209)

31"

(263)

—

37"

(253)

27"

(317)

36"

(271)

27"

(358)

17"

(447)

31"

(348)

19"

(462)

—

2 X 12 @ 8"

—

48"

(136)

45"

(169)

—

48"

(164)

38"

(206)

—

40"

(233)

26"

(294)

36"

(230)

29"

(304)

18"

(379)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. Tabulated values are for dear-span roof supported solely by exterior bearing walls.

b. Spans are based on No. 2 Grade lumber of Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, and spruce-pine-fir for repetitive (three or more) members. No. 1 or better shall be used
for southern pine.

c. Ratio of backspan to cantilever span shall be not less than 3:1.

d. Connections capable of resisting the indicated uplift force shall be provided at the backspan support.

e. Uplift force is for a backspan to cantilever span ratio of 3:1. Tabulated uplift values are permitted to be reduced by multiplying by a factor equal to 3 divided
by the actual backspan ratio provided (3/backspan ratio).

f. See Section R301.2.2.2.5, Item 1, for additional limitations on cantilevered floor joists for detached one- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design
Category Dq, Dj, or D 2 and townhouses in Seismic Design Category C, Dq, D^ or D 2 .

g. A full-depth rim joist shall be provided at the unsupported end of the cantilever joists. Solid blocking shall be provided at the supported end. Where the
cantilever length is 24 inches or less and the building is assigned to Seismic Design Category A, B or C, solid blocking at the support for the cantilever shall
not be required.

h. Linear interpolation shall be permitted for building widths and ground snow loads other than shown.

TABLE R502.3.3(2)

CANTILEVER SPANS FOR FLOOR JOISTS SUPPORTING EXTERIOR BALCONY" ® ^

MEMBER SiZE

SPACING

MAXIMUM CANTILEVER SPAN
(Uplift Force at Backspan Support in lb)° ‘'

Ground Snow Load

< 30 psf

50 psf

70 psf

2x8

12"

42" (139)

39" (156)

34" (165)

2x8

16"

36" (151)

34" (171)

29" (180)

2x 10

12"

61" (164)

57" (189)

49" (201)

2x 10

16"

53" (180)

49" (208)

42" (220)

2x 10

24"

43" (212)

40" (241)

34" (255)

2x 12

16"

72" (228)

67" (260)

57" (268)

2x 12

24"

58" (279)

54" (319)

47" (330)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. Spans are based on No. 2 Grade lumber of Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, and spruce-pine-fir for repetitive (three or more) members. No.l or better shall be used
for southern pine.

b. Ratio of backspan to cantilever span shall be not less than 2: 1 .

c. Connections capable of resisting the indicated uplift force shall be provided at the backspan support.

d. Uplift force is for a backspan to cantilever span ratio of 2:1. Tabulated uplift values are permitted to be reduced by multiplying by a factor equal to 2 divided
by the actual backspan ratio provided (2/backspan ratio).

e. A full-depth rim joist shall be provided at the unsupported end of the cantilever joists. Solid blocking shall be provided at the supported end. Where the
cantilever length is 24 inches or less and the building is assigned to Seismic Design Category A, B or C, solid blocking at the support for the cantilever shall
not be required.

f. Linear interpolation shall be permitted for ground snow loads other than shown.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

181

FLOORS

SECTION R503
FLOOR SHEATHING

R503.1 Lumber sheathing. Maximum allowable spans for
lumber used as floor sheathing shall conform to Tables
R503.1, R503.2.1.1(l) and R503.2.1.1(2).

TABLE R503.1

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF LUMBER FLOOR SHEATHING

JOIST OR BEAM
SPACING (inches)

MINIMUM NET THICKNESS

Perpendicular to joist

Diagonal to joist

“A,

1V,T&G

N/A

54”

60"

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.

N/A = Not applicable.

a. For this support spacing, lumber sheathing shall have a minimum F^ of
675 and minimum E of 1,100,000 (see ANSI AWC NDS).

b. For this support spacing, lumber sheathing shall have a minimum F^ of
765 and minimum E of 1,400,000 (see ANSI AWC NDS).

c. For this support spacing, lumber sheathing shall have a minimum F^ of
855 and minimum E of 1,700,000 (see ANSI AWC NDS).

R503.1.1 End joints. End joints in lumber used as sub-
flooring shall occur over supports unless end-matched lum-
ber is used, in which case each piece shall bear on not less
than two joists. Subflooring shall be permitted to be omitted
where joist spacing does not exceed 16 inches (406 mm)
and a 1-inch (25 mm) nominal tongue-and-groove wood
strip flooring is applied perpendicular to the joists.

R503.2 Wood structural panel sheathing.

R503.2.1 Identification and grade. Wood structural panel
sheathing used for structural purposes shall conform to
DOC PS 1, DOC PS 2, CSA 0437 or CSA 0325. Panels
shall be identified for grade, bond classification and Perfor-
mance Category by a grade mark or certificate of inspection
issued by an approved agency. The Performance Category

182

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

FLOORS

value shall be used as the “nominal panel thickness” or
“panel thickness” wherever referenced in this code.

R503.2.1.1 Subfloor and combined subfloor under-
layment. Where used as subflooring or combination
subfloor underlayment, wood structural panels shall be
of one of the grades specified in Table R503.2. 1.1(1).
Where sanded plywood is used as combination subfloor
underlayment, the grade, bond classification, and Per-
formance Category shall be as specified in Table
R503.2.1.1(2).

R503.2.2 Allowable spans. The maximum allowable span
for wood structural panels used as subfloor or combination
subfloor underlayment shall be as set forth in Table

R503.2.1.1(l), or APA E30. The maximum span for
sanded plywood combination subfloor underlayment shall
be as set forth in Table R503.2.1.1(2).

R503.2.3 Installation. Wood structural panels used as
subfloor or combination subfloor underlayment shall be
attached to wood framing in accordance with Table
R602.3(l) and shall be attached to cold-formed steel fram-
ing in accordance with Table R505.3.1(2).

R503.3 Particleboard.

R503.3.1 Identification and grade. Particleboard shall
conform to ANSI A208.1 and shall be so identified by a
grade mark or certificate of inspection issued by an
approved agency.

TABLE R503.2.1.1(1)

ALLOWABLE SPANS AND LOADS FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS FOR ROOF AND
SUBFLOOR SHEATHING AND COMBINATION SUBFLOOR UNDERLAYMENT® '

SPAN RATING

MINIMUM NOMINAL
PANEL THICKNESS
(inch)

ALLOWABLE LIVE LOAD
(psf)®'

MAXIMUM SPAN
(inches)

LOAD (pounds per square
foot, at maximum span)

MAXIMUM SPAN
(inches)

SPAN
@ 1 6" o.c.

SPAN
@ 24" o.c.

With edge
support®

Without edge
support

Total load

Live load

Sheathing®

Roof

Subfloor'

16/0

—

20/0

—

24/0

100

20®

24/16

’/16

100

32/16

180

16®

40/20

19/ 5/

'32’ '8

305

130

20®-'

48/24

—

175

60/32

—

305

Underlayment, C-C plugged, single floor®

Roof

Combination subfloor
underlayment"

16 o.c.

19/ 5,

'32’ '8

100

16'

20 o.c.

19/ 5/

'32’ '8

150

20'- j

24 o.c.

240

100

32 o.c.

—

185

48 o.c.

1V3,, IV,

—

290

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. The allowable total loads were determined using a dead load of 10 psf. If the dead load exceeds 10 psf, then the live load shall be reduced accordingly.

b. Panels continuous over two or more spans with long dimension (strength axis) perpendicular to supports. Spans shall be limited to values shown because of
possible effect of concentrated loads.

c. Applies to panels 24 inches or wider.

d. Lumber blocking, panel edge clips (one midway between each support, except two equally spaced between supports where span is 48 inches), tongue-and-
groove panel edges, or other approved type of edge support.

e. Includes Structural I panels in these grades.

f. Uniform load deflection limitation: Vjgo of span under live load plus dead load, V240 of span under live load only.

g. Maximum span 24 inches for ^%2-and V2-inch panels.

h. Maximum span 24 inches where V4-inch wood finish flooring is installed at right angles to joists.

i. Maximum span 24 inches where 1.5 inches of lightweight concrete or approved cellular concrete is placed over the subfloor.

j. Unsupported edges shall have tongue-and-groove joints or shall be supported with blocking unless minimum nominal V4-inch-thick wood panel-type
underlayment, fiber-cement underlayment with end and edge joints offset not less than 2 inches or 1 V2 inches of lightweight concrete or approved cellular
concrete is placed over the subfloor, or ^-inch wood finish flooring is installed at right angles to the supports. Fiber-cement underlayment shall comply with
ASTM C1288 or ISO 8336 Category C. Allowable uniform live load at maximum span, based on deflection of of span, is 100 psf.

k. Unsupported edges shall have tongue-and-groove joints or shall be supported by blocking unless nominal V4-inch-thick wood panel-type underlayment, fiber-
cement underlayment with end and edge joints offset not less than 2 inches or V4-inch wood finish flooring is installed at right angles to the supports. Fiber-
cement underlayment shall comply with ASTM C1288 or ISO 8336 Category C. Allowable uniform live load at maximum span, based on deflection of of
span, is 100 psf, except panels with a span rating of 48 on center are limited to 65 psf total uniform load at maximum span.

l. Allowable live load values at spans of 16 inches on center and 24 inches on center taken from reference standard APA E30, APA Engineered Wood
Construction Guide. Refer to reference standard for allowable spans not listed in the table.

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TABLE R503.2.1.1(2)

ALLOWABLE SPANS FOR SANDED
PLYWOOD COMBINATION SUBFLOOR UNDERLAYMENT"

IDENTIFICATION

SPACING OF JOISTS (inches)

Species group'’

—

2,3

’4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. Plywood continuous over two or more spans and face grain perpendicular
to supports. Unsupported edges shall be tongue-and-groove or blocked
except where nominal V 4 -inch-thick wood panel-type underlayment, fiber-
cement underlayment or V 4 -inch wood finish floor is used. Fiber-cement
underlayment shall comply with ASTM C1288 or ISO 8336 Category C.
Allowable uniform live load at maximum span based on deflection of

of span is 100 psf.

b. Applicable to all grades of sanded exterior-type plywood.

R503.3.2 Floor underlayment. Particleboard floor under-
layment shall conform to Type PBU and shall be not less
than V 4 inch (6.4 mm) in thickness.

R503.3.3 Installation. Particleboard underlayment shall
be installed in accordance with the recommendations of
the manufacturer and attached to framing in accordance
with Table R602.3(l).

SECTION R504
PRESSURE PRESERVATIVE-
TREATED WOOD FLOORS (ON GROUND)

R504.1 General. Pressure preservative treated-wood base-
ment floors and floors on ground shall be designed to with-
stand axial forces and bending moments resulting from
lateral soil pressures at the base of the exterior walls and
floor live and dead loads. Floor framing shall be designed to
meet joist deflection requirements in accordance with Sec-
tion R301.

R504.1.1 Unbalanced soil loads. Unless special provision
is made to resist sliding caused by unbalanced lateral soil
loads, wood basement floors shall be limited to applica-
tions where the differential depth of fill on opposite exte-
rior foundation walls is 2 feet (610 mm) or less.

R504.1.2 Construction. Joists in wood basement floors
shall bear tightly against the narrow face of studs in the foun-
dation wall or directly against a band joist that bears on the
studs. Plywood subfloor shall be continuous over lapped
joists or over butt joints between in-line joists. Sufficient
blocking shall be provided between joists to transfer lateral
forces at the base of the end walls into the floor system.

R504.1.3 Uplift and buckling. Where required, resistance
to uplift or restraint against buckling shall be provided by
interior bearing walls or properly designed stub walls
anchored in the supporting soil below.

R504.2 Site preparation. The area within the foundation
walls shall have all vegetation, topsoil and foreign material
removed, and any fill material that is added shall be free of

vegetation and foreign material. The fill shall be compacted
to ensure uniform support of the pressure preservative
treated-wood floor sleepers.

R504.2.1 Base. A minimum 4-inch- thick (102 mm) granu-
lar base of gravel having a maximum size of % inch (19.1
mm) or crushed stone having a maximum size of V 2 inch
(12.7 mm) shall be placed over the compacted earth.

R504.2.2 Moisture barrier. Polyethylene sheeting of mini-
mum 6 -mil (0.15 mm) thickness shall be placed over the
granular base. Joints shall be lapped 6 inches (152 mm) and
left unsealed. The polyethylene membrane shall be placed
over the pressure preservative treated-wood sleepers and
shall not extend beneath the footing plates of the exterior
walls.

R504.3 Materials. Framing materials, including sleepers,
joists, blocking and plywood subflooring, shall be pressure-
preservative treated and dried after treatment in accordance
with AWPA U1 (Commodity Specification A, Use Category
4B and Section 5.2), and shall bear the label of an accredited
agency.

SECTION R505

COLD-FORMED STEEL FLOOR FRAMING

R505.1 Cold-formed steel floor framing. Elements shall be
straight and free of any defects that would significantly affect
structural performance. Cold-formed steel floor framing mem-
bers shall be in accordance with the requirements of this sec-
tion.

R505.1.1 Applicability limits. The provisions of this sec-
tion shall control the construction of cold-formed steel
floor framing for buildings not greater than 60 feet (18 288
mm) in length perpendicular to the joist span, not greater
than 40 feet (12 192 mm) in width parallel to the joist span
and less than or equal to three stories above grade plane.
Cold-formed steel floor framing constructed in accordance
with the provisions of this section shall be limited to sites
where the ultimate design wind speed is less than 139
miles per hour (62 m/s). Exposure Category B or C, and
the ground snow load is less than or equal to 70 pounds
per square foot (3.35 kPa).

R505.1.2 In-line framing. Where supported by cold-
formed steel framed walls in accordance with Section
R603, cold-formed steel floor framing shall be constructed
with floor joists located in-line with load-bearing studs
located below the joists in accordance with Eigure
R505.1.2 and the tolerances specified as follows:

1. The maximum tolerance shall be % inch (19.1 mm)
between the centerline of the horizontal framing
member and the centerline of the vertical framing
member.

2. Where the centerline of the horizontal framing
member and bearing stiffener are located to one side
of the centerline of the vertical framing member, the
maximum tolerance shall be Vg inch (3 mm) between
the web of the horizontal framing member and the
edge of the vertical framing member.

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R505.1.3 Floor trusses. Cold-formed steel trusses shall be
designed, braced and installed in accordance with AISI
SlOO, Section D4. In the absence of specific bracing
requirements, trusses shall be braced in accordance with
accepted industry practices, such as the SBCA Cold-
Formed Steel Building Component Safety Information
(CFSBCSI), Guide to Good Practice for Handling, Install-
ing & Bracing of Cold-Formed Steel Trusses. Truss mem-
bers shall not be notched, cut or altered in any manner
without an approved design.

R505.2 Structural framing. Load-bearing cold-formed steel
floor framing members shall be in accordance with this sec-
tion.

R505.2.1 Material. Load-bearing cold-formed steel fram-
ing members shall be cold formed to shape from structural
quality sheet steel complying with the requirements of
ASTM A1003: Structural Grades 33 Type H and 50 Type
H.

R505.2.2 Corrosion protection. Load-bearing cold-
formed steel framing shall have a metallic coating comply-
ing with ASTM A 1003 and one of the following:

1. A minimum of G 60 in accordance with ASTM
A653.

2. A minimum of AZ 50 in accordance with ASTM
A792.

R505.2.3 Dimension, thickness and material grade.

Load-bearing cold-formed steel floor framing members
shall comply with Figure R505.2.3(l) and with the dimen-
sional and thickness requirements specified in Table
R505.2.3. Additionally, all C-shaped sections shall have a
minimum flange width of 1.625 inches (41 mm) and a
maximum flange width of 2 inches (51 mm). The mini-
mum lip size for C-shaped sections shall be V 2 inch (12.7
mm). Track sections shall comply with Figure R505.2.3(2)
and shall have a minimum flange width of IV 4 inch (32
mm). Minimum Grade 33 ksi steel shall be used wherever
33 mil and 43 mil thicknesses are specified. Minimum
Grade 50 ksi steel shall be used wherever 54 and 68 mil
thicknesses are specified.

R505.2.4 Identification. Load-bearing cold-formed steel
framing members shall have a legible label, stencil, stamp
or embossment with the following information as a mini-
mum:

1. Manufacturer’s identification.

2. Minimum base steel thickness in inches (mm).

3. Minimum coating designation.

4. Minimum yield strength, in kips per square inch
(ksi) (MPa).

R505.2.5 Fastening. Screws for steel-to- steel connections
shall be installed with a minimum edge distance and center-
to-center spacing of V 2 inch (12.7 mm), shall be self-drilling
tapping, and shall conform to ASTM C1513. Floor sheath-
ing shall be attached to cold-formed steel joists with mini-

mum No. 8 self-drilling tapping screws that conform to
ASTM C1513. Screws attaching floor sheathing to cold-
formed steel joists shall have a minimum head diameter of

0.292 inch (7.4 mm) with countersunk heads and shall be
installed with a minimum edge distance of inch (9.5
mm). Gypsum board ceilings shall be attached to cold-
formed steel joists with minimum No. 6 screws conforming
to ASTM C954 or ASTM C1513 with a bugle head style
and shall be installed in accordance with Section R702. For
all connections, screws shall extend through the steel a min-
imum of three exposed threads. All fasteners shall have
rust-inhibitive coating suitable for the installation in which
they are being used, or be manufactured from material not
susceptible to corrosion.

R505.2.6 Web holes, web hole reinforcing and web hole
patching. Web holes, web hole reinforcing, and web hole
patching shall be in accordance with this section.

R505.2.6.1 Web holes. Web holes in floor joists shall
comply with all of the following conditions:

1. Holes shall conform to Figure R505.2.6.1.

2. Holes shall be permitted only along the centerline
of the web of the framing member.

3. Holes shall have a center-to-center spacing of not
less than 24 inches (610 mm).

4. Holes shall have a web hole width not greater
than 0.5 times the member depth, or inches
(64.5 mm).

5. Holes shall have a web hole length not exceeding
4 V 2 inches (114 mm).

6. Holes shall have a minimum distance between
the edge of the bearing surface and the edge of
the web hole of not less than 10 inches (254 mm).

Framing members with web holes not conforming to
the above requirements shall be reinforced in accor-
dance with Section R505.2.6.2, patched in accordance
with Section R505.2.6.3 or designed in accordance with
accepted engineering practices.

R505.2.6.2 Web hole reinforcing. Reinforcement of
web holes in floor joists not conforming to the require-
ments of Section R505.2.6.1 shall be permitted if the
hole is located fully within the center 40 percent of the
span and the depth and length of the hole does not
exceed 65 percent of the flat width of the web. The rein-
forcing shall be a steel plate or C-shape section with a
hole that does not exceed the web hole size limitations of
Section R505.2.6.1 for the member being reinforced.
The steel reinforcing shall be the same thickness as the
receiving member and shall extend not less than 1 inch
(25 mm) beyond all edges of the hole. The steel reinforc-
ing shall be fastened to the web of the receiving member
with No. 8 screws spaced not more than 1 inch (25 mm)
center-to-center along the edges of the patch with mini-
mum edge distance of inch (12.7 mm).

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HORIZONTAL HORIZONTAL

D C

HORIZONTAL

FRAMING

MEMBER

mm)

MAX,

-Vs" (3mm) MAX.
FROM WEB OF
HORIZONTAL
FRAMING
MEMBER TO
EDGE OF
VERTICAL
FRAMING
MEMBER

VERTICAL

FRAMING

MEMBER

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R505.1.2
IN-LINE FRAMING

TABLE R505.2.3

COLD-FORMED STEEL JOIST SIZES AND THICKNESS

MEMBER DESIGNATION^

WEB DEPTH
(inches)

MINIMUM BASE STEEL THICKNESS
mil (inches)

550S162-t

5.5

33 (0.0329), 43 (0.0428), 54 (0.0538), 68 (0.0677)

800S162-t

33 (0.0329), 43 (0.0428), 54 (0.0538), 68 (0.0677)

1000S162-I

43 (0.0428), 54 (0.0538), 68 (0.0677)

1200S162-I

43 (0.0428), 54 (0.0538), 68 (0.0677)

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, I mil = 0.0254 mm.

a. The member designation is defined by the first number representing the member depth in O.OI inch, the letter “S” representing a stud or joist member, the
second number representing the flange width in 0.01 inch, and the letter “t” shall be a number representing the minimum base metal thickness in mils.

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FIGURE R505.2.3(1)
C-SHAPED SECTION

FIGURE R505.2.3(2)
TRACK SECTION

R505.2.6.3 Hole patching. Patching of web holes in
floor joists not conforming to the requirements in Sec-
tion R505.2.6.1 shall be permitted in accordance with
either of the following methods:

1. Framing members shall be replaced or designed
in accordance with accepted engineering prac-
tices where web holes exceed the following size
limits:

1.1. The depth of the hole, measured across the
web, exceeds 70 percent of the flat width of
the web.

1.2. The length of the hole, measured along the
web, exceeds 10 inches (254 mm) or the
depth of the web, whichever is greater.

2. Web holes not exceeding the dimensional
requirements in Section R505.2.6.3, Item 1, shall
be patched with a solid steel plate, stud section or
track section in accordance with Figure
R505.2.6.3. The steel patch shall, as a minimum,
be of the same thickness as the receiving member
and shall extend not less than 1 inch (25 mm)
beyond all edges of the hole. The steel patch shall
be fastened to the web of the receiving member
with No. 8 screws spaced not more than 1 inch
(25 mm) center-to-center along the edges of the
patch with minimum edge distance of V 2 inch
(12.7 mm).

R505.3 Floor construction. Cold-formed steel floors shall
be constructed in accordance with this section.

R505.3.1 Floor to foundation or load-bearing wall con-
nections. Cold-formed steel framed floors shall be
anchored to foundations, wood sills or load-bearing walls
in accordance with Table R505.3.1(l) and Figure
R505.3.1(l), R505.3.1(2), R505.3.1(3), R505.3.1(4),
R505.3.1(5) or R505.3.1(6). Anchor bolts shall be located
not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from corners or the ter-
mination of bottom tracks. Continuous cold-formed steel
joists supported by interior load-bearing walls shall be
constructed in accordance with Figure R505.3.1(7).
Lapped cold-formed steel joists shall be constructed in

C.L. C.L

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R505.2.6.1
FLOOR JOIST WEB HOLES

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FLOORS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R505.2.6.3
FLOOR JOIST WEB HOLE PATCH

accordance with Figure R505.3.1(8). End floor joists con-
structed on foundation walls parallel to the joist span shall
be doubled unless a C-shaped bearing stiffener, sized in
accordance with Section R505.3.4, is installed web-to-web
with the floor joist beneath each supported wall stud, as
shown in Figure R505.3.1(9). Fastening of cold-formed
steel joists to other framing members shall be in accor-
dance with Section R505.2.5 and Table R505.3.1(2).

R505.3.2 Minimum floor joist sizes. Floor joist size and
thickness shall be determined in accordance with the limits
set forth in Table R505.3.2 for single or continuous spans.
Where continuous joist members are used, the interior
bearing supports shall be located within 2 feet (610 mm) of
midspan of the cold-formed steel joists, and the individual
spans shall not exceed the spans in Table R505.3.2. Floor
joists shall have a bearing support length of not less than
iVj inches (38 mm) for exterior wall supports and 3 V 2
inches (89 mm) for interior wall supports. Tracks shall be
not less than 33 mils (0.84 mm) thick except when used as
part of a floor header or trimmer in accordance with Sec-
tion R505.3.8. Bearing stiffeners shall be installed in
accordance with Section R505.3.4.

R505.3.3 Joist bracing and blocking. Joist bracing and
blocking shall be in accordance with this section.

R505.3.3.1 Joist top flange bracing. The top flanges of
cold-formed steel joists shall be laterally braced by the
application of floor sheathing fastened to the joists in
accordance with Section R505.2.5 and Table
R505.3.1(2).

R505.3.3.2 Joist bottom flange bracing/blocking.

Floor joists with spans that exceed 12 feet (3658 mm)
shall have the bottom flanges laterally braced in accor-
dance with one of the following:

1. Gypsum board installed with minimum No. 6
screws in accordance with Section R702.

2. Continuous steel straps installed in accordance
with Figure R505.3.3.2(l). Steel straps shall be
spaced at a maximum of 12 feet (3658 mm) on
center and shall be at least iVj inches (38 mm)
in width and 33 mils (0.84 mm) in thickness.
Straps shall be fastened to the bottom flange of
each joist with one No. 8 screw, fastened to
blocking with two No. 8 screws, and fastened at
each end (of strap) with two No. 8 screws.
Blocking in accordance with Figure
R505.3.3.2(l) or R505.3.3.2(2) shall be
installed between joists at each end of the con-
tinuous strapping and at a maximum spacing of
12 feet (3658 mm) measured along the continu-
ous strapping (perpendicular to the joist run).
Blocking shall also be located at the termination
of all straps. As an alternative to blocking at the
ends, anchoring the strap to a stable building
component with two No. 8 screws shall be per-
mitted.

R505.3.4 Bearing stiffeners. Bearing stiffeners shall be
installed at each joist bearing location in accordance with
this section, except for joists lapped over an interior sup-
port not carrying a load-bearing wall above. Floor joists
supporting jamb studs with multiple members shall have
two bearing stiffeners in accordance with Figure
R505. 3.4(1). Bearing stiffeners shall be fabricated from a
C-shaped, track or clip angle member in accordance with
the one of following:

1. C-shaped bearing stiffeners:

1.1. Where the joist is not carrying a load-bearing
wall above, the bearing stiffener shall be a min-
imum 33 mil (0.84 mm) thickness.

1.2. Where the joist is carrying a load-bearing wall
above, the bearing stiffener shall be not less
than the same designation thickness as the wall
stud above.

2. Track bearing stiffeners:

2.1. Where the joist is not carrying a load-bearing
wall above, the bearing stiffener shall be a min-
imum 43 mil (1.09 mm) thickness.

2.2. Where the joist is carrying a load-bearing wall
above, the bearing stiffener shall be not less
than one designation thickness greater than the
wall stud above.

The minimum length of a bearing stiffener shall be
the depth of member being stiffened minus Vg inch (9.5
mm). Each bearing stiffener shall be fastened to the web
of the member it is stiffening as shown in Figure
R505. 3.4(2).

R505.3.5 Cutting and notching. Flanges and lips of load-
bearing cold-formed steel floor framing members shall not
be cut or notched.

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TABLE R505.3.1(1)

FLOOR TO FOUNDATION OR BEARING WALL CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS®

FRAMING CONDITION

BASIC ULTIMATE WIND SPEED (mph) AND EXPOSURE

110 mph Exposure Category C or
less than 139 mph Exposure Category B

Less than 139 mph Exposure Category C

Floor joist to wall track of exterior wall
in accordance with Figure R505.3.1(l)

2-No. 8 screws

3-No. 8 screws

Rim track or end joist to load-bearing
wall top track in accordance with
Figure R505.3.1(l)

1-No. 8 screw at 24 inches o.c.

Rim track or end joist to wood sill in
accordance with Figure R505.3.1(2)

Steel plate spaced at 4 feet o.c. with 4-No. 8
screws and 4-lOd or 6-8d common nails

Steel plate spaced at 2 feet o.c. with 4-No. 8
screws and 4-lOd or 6-8d common nails

Rim track or end joist to foundation in
accordance with Figure R505.3.1(3)

Vj inch minimum diameter anchor bolt and clip
angle spaced at 6 feet o.c. with 8-No. 8 screws

Vj inch minimum diameter anchor bolt and clip
angle spaced at 4 feet o.c. with 8-No. 8 screws

Cantilevered joist to foundation in
accordance with Figure R505.3.1(4)

Vj inch minimum diameter anchor bolt and clip
angle spaced at 6 feet o.c. with 8-No. 8 screws

Vj inch minimum diameter anchor bolt and clip
angle spaced at 4 feet o.c. with 8-No. 8 screws

Cantilevered joist to wood sill in
accordance with Figure R505.3.1(5)

Steel plate spaced at 4 feet o.c. with 4-No. 8
screws and 4-lOd or 6-8d common nails

Steel plate spaced at 2 feet o.c. with 4-No. 8
screws and 4-lOd or 6-8d common nails

Cantilevered joist to exterior load-bearing
wall track in accordance with Figure
R505.3.1(6)

2-No. 8 screws

3-No. 8 screws

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Anchor bolts are to be located not more than 12 inches from corners or the termination of bottom tracks such as at door openings or corners. Bolts extend a
minimum of 15 inches into masonry or 7 inches into concrete. Anchor bolts connecting cold-formed steel framing to the foundation structure are to be
installed so that the distance from the center of the bolt hole to the edge of the connected member is not less than one and one-half bolt diameters.

b. All screw sizes shown are minimum.

For SI: 1 mil = 0.0254 mm, 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 505.3.1(1)

FLOOR TO EXTERIOR LOAD-BEARING WALL STUD CONNECTION

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TABLE R505.3.1(2)

FLOOR FASTENING SCHEDULE"

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

NUMBER AND SIZE OF FASTENERS

SPACING OF FASTENERS

Floor joist to track of an interior load-bearing wall in
accordance with Figures R505.3.1(7) and R505.3.1(8)

2 No. 8 screws

Each joist

Floor joist to track at end of joist

2 No. 8 screws

One per flange or two per bearing stiff-
ener

Subfloor to floor joists

No. 8 screws

6 in. o.c. on edges and 12 in. o.c. at inter-
mediate supports

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. All screw sizes shown are minimum.

For SI: 1 mil = 0.0254 mm, 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R505.3.1(2)

FLOOR TO WOOD SILL CONNECTION

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2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R505.3.1(8)

LAPPED JOISTS SUPPORTED ON INTERIOR LOAD-BEARING WALL

FIGURE R505.3.1(9)

BEARING STIFFENERS FOR END JOISTS

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R505.3.6 Floor cantilevers. Floor cantilevers for the top
floor of a two- or three-story building or the first floor of a
one-story building shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm).
Cantilevers, not exceeding 24 inches (610 mm) and sup-
porting two stories and roof (first floor of a two-story
building), shall be permitted provided that all cantilevered
joists are doubled (nested or back-to-back). The doubled
cantilevered joists shall extend not less than 6 feet (1829
mm) toward the inside and shall be fastened with not less
than two No. 8 screws spaced at 24 inches (610 mm) on
center through the webs (for back-to-back) or flanges (for
nested joists).

R505.3.7 Splicing. Joists and other structural members
shall not be spliced. Splicing of tracks shall conform to
Figure R505.3.7.

R505.3.8 Framing of floor openings. Openings in floors
shall be framed with header and trimmer joists. Header
joist spans shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) or 8 feet
(2438 mm) in length in accordance with Figure
R505.3.8(l) or R505.3.8(2), respectively. Header and trim-
mer joists shall be fabricated from joist and track members,
having a minimum size and thickness at least equivalent to
the adjacent floor joists, and shall be installed in accor-
dance with Figures R505.3.8(l), R505.3.8(2), R505.3.8(3)
and R505.3.8(4). Each header joist shall be connected to

trimmer joists with four 2-inch by 2-inch (51 -mm by 51-
mm) clip angles. Each clip angle shall be fastened to both
the header and trimmer joists with four No. 8 screws,
evenly spaced, through each leg of the clip angle. The clip
angles shall have a thickness not less than that of the floor
joist. Each track section for a built-up header or trimmer
joist shall extend the full length of the joist (continuous).

SECTION R506

CONCRETE FLOORS (ON GROUND)

R506.1 General. Concrete slab-on-ground floors shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions
of this section or ACI 332. Eloors shall be a minimum 3 V 2
inches (89 mm) thick (for expansive soils, see Section
R403.1.8). The specified compressive strength of concrete
shall be as set forth in Section R402.2.

R506.2 Site preparation. The area within the foundation walls
shall have all vegetation, top soil and foreign material removed.

R506.2.1 Fill. Fill material shall be free of vegetation and
foreign material. The fill shall be compacted to ensure uni-
form support of the slab, and except where approved, the
fill depths shall not exceed 24 inches (610 mm) for clean
sand or gravel and 8 inches (203 mm) for earth.

TABLE R505.3.2

ALLOWABLE SPANS FOR COLD-FORMED STEEL JOISTS— SINGLE OR CONTINUOUS SPANS®

JOIST

DESIGNATION

30 PSF LIVE LOAD

40 PSF LIVE LOAD

Spacing (inches)

Spacing (Inches)

19.2

550S 162-33

11 '-7"

10'-7"

9'-6"

8'-6"

10'-7"

9'-3"

8'-6"

7'-6"

550S 162-43

12'-8"

11 '-6"

lO'-lO"

10'-2"

ll'-6"

10'-5"

9'-10"

9'-l"

550S 162-54

13'-7"

12'-4"

11 '-7"

10'-9"

12'-4"

ll'-2"

10'-6"

9'-9"

550S 162-68

14'-7"

13'-3"

12'-6"

1 1'-7"

13'-3"

12'-0"

11 '-4"

10'-6"

800S 162-33

15'-8"

13'-11"

12'-9"

ll'-5"

14'-3"

12'-5"

11 '-3"

9'-0"

800S 162-43

17'-1"

15'-6"

14'-7"

13'-7"

15'-6"

14'- 1"

13'-3"

12'-4"

800S 162-54

18'-4"

16'-8"

15'-8"

14'-7"

16'-8"

15'-2"

14'-3"

13'-3"

800S 162-68

19'-9"

17'-11"

16'-10"

15'-8"

17'-11"

16'-3"

15'-4"

14'-2"

1000S162-43

20'-6"

18'-8"

17'-6"

15'-8"

18'-8"

16'-11"

15'-6"

13'-11"

1000S162-54

22'- 1"

20'-0"

18'- 10"

17'-6"

20'-0"

18'-2"

17'-2"

15'-11"

1000S162-68

23'-9"

21 '-7"

20'-3"

18'- 10"

21 '-7"

19'-7"

18'-5"

17'-1"

1200S162-43

23'-9"

20'- 10"

19'-0"

16'-8"

21'-5"

18'-6"

16'-6"

13'-2"

1200S162-54

25'-9"

23'-4"

22'-0"

20'- 1"

23'-4"

21 '-3"

20'-0"

17'- 10"

1200S162-68

27'-8"

25'- 1"

23'-8"

21'-11"

25'- 1"

22'- 10"

21 '-6"

21'-1"

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 mil = 0.0254 mm.

a. Deflection criteria: L/480 for live loads, L/240 for total loads.

b. Floor dead load = 10 psf.

c. Table provides the maximum clear span in feet and inches.

d. Bearing stiffeners are to be installed at all support points and concentrated loads.

e. Minimum Grade 33 ksi steel shall be used for 33 mil and 43 mil thickness. Minimum Grade 50 ksi steel shall be used for 54 and 68 mil thickness.

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For SI: 1 mil = 0.0254, 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R505.3.3.2(1)
JOIST BLOCKING (SOLID)

For SI: 1 mil = 0.0254, 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R505.3.3.2(2)
JOIST BLOCKING (STRAP)

196

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FIGURE R505.3.4(1)

BEARING STIFFENERS UNDER JAMB STUDS

R506.2.2 Base. A 4-inch- thick (102 mm) base course con-
sisting of clean graded sand, gravel, crushed stone,
crushed concrete or crushed blast-furnace slag passing a 2-
inch (51 mm) sieve shall be placed on the prepared sub-
grade where the slab is below grade.

Exception: A base course is not required where the
concrete slab is installed on well-drained or sand-gravel
mixture soils classified as Group 1 according to the
United Soil Classification System in accordance with
Table R405.1.

R506.2.3 Vapor retarder. A 6-mil (0.006 inch; 152 pm)
polyethylene or approved vapor retarder with joints lapped
not less than 6 inches (152 mm) shall be placed between
the concrete floor slab and the base course or the prepared
subgrade where no base course exists.

Exception: The vapor retarder is not required for the
following:

1. Garages, utility buildings and other unheated acces-
sory structures.

2. For unheated storage rooms having an area of less
than 70 square feet (6.5 m^) and carports.

3. Driveways, walks, patios and other flatwork not
likely to be enclosed and heated at a later date.

4. Where approved by the building official, based on
local site conditions.

R506.2.3.1 Capillary break. When a vapor retarder is
required, a capillary break shall be installed in accor-
dance with the California Green Building Standards
Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.5.

R506.2.4 Reinforcement support. Where provided in
slabs-on-ground, reinforcement shall be supported to
remain in place from the center to upper one-third of the
slab for the duration of the concrete placement.

SECTION R507
EXTERIOR DECKS

R507.1 Decks. Wood-framed decks shall be in accordance
with this section or Section R301 for materials and conditions
not prescribed herein. Where supported by attachment to an
exterior wall, decks shall be positively anchored to the primary
structure and designed for both vertical and lateral loads.

Such attachment shall not be accomplished by the use of
toenails or nails subject to withdrawal. Where positive connec-
tion to the primary building structure cannot be verified during
inspection, decks shall be self-supporting. For decks with can-
tilevered framing members connections to exterior walls or
other framing members shall be designed and constructed to
resist uplift resulting from the full live load specified in Table
R301.5 acting on the cantilevered portion of the deck.

R507.2 Deck ledger connection to band joist. Deck ledger
connections to band joists shall be in accordance with this sec-
tion, Tables R507.2 and R507.2.1, and Figures R507.2.1(l)
and R507.2.1(2). For other grades, species, connection details
and loading conditions, deck ledger connections shall be
designed in accordance with Section R301.

R507.2.1 Ledger details. Deck ledgers installed in accor-
dance with Section R507.2 shall be a minimum 2-inch by 8-
inch (5 1 mm by 203 mm) nominal, pressure-preservative-
treated southern pine, incised pressure-preservative-treated
Hem-fir, or approved, naturally durable. No. 2 grade or bet-
ter lumber. Deck ledgers installed in accordance with Sec-
tion R507.2 shall not support concentrated loads from
beams or girders. Deck ledgers shall not be supported on
stone or masonry veneer.

R507.2.2 Band joist details. Band joists attached by a led-
ger in accordance with Section R507.2 shall be a minimum
2-inch-nominal (51 mm), solid-sawn, spruce-pine-fir lum-
ber or a minimum 1-inch by 9 '/ 2 -inch (25 mm x 241 mm)
dimensional, Douglas fir, laminated veneer lumber. Band
joists attached by a ledger in accordance with Section
R507.2 shall be fully supported by a wall or sill plate below.

R507.2.3 Ledger to band joist fastener details. Fasten-
ers used in deck ledger connections in accordance with
Table R507.2 shall be hot-dipped galvanized or stainless
steel and shall be installed in accordance with Table
R507.2.1 and Figures R507.2.1(l) and R507.2.1(2).

R507.2.4 Deck lateral load connection. The lateral load
connection required by Section R507.1 shall be permitted
to be in accordance with Figure R507.2.3(l) or
R507.2.3(2). Where the lateral load connection is provided
in accordance with Figure R507.2.3(l), hold-down tension
devices shall be installed in not less than two locations per
deck, within 24 inches of each end of the deck. Each
device shall have an allowable stress design capacity of
not less than 1,500 pounds (6672 N). Where the lateral
load connections are provided in accordance with Figure
R507.2.3(2), the hold-down tension devices shall be
installed in not less than four locations per deck, and each
device shall have an allowable stress design capacity of
not less than 750 pounds (3336 N).

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R507.3 Plastic composite deck boards, stair treads,
guards, or handrails. Plastic composite exterior deck
boards, stair treads, guards and handrails shall comply with
the requirements of ASTM D7032 and the requirements of
Section 507.3.

R507.3.1 Labeling. Plastic composite deck boards and
stair treads, or their packaging, shall bear a label that indi-
cates compliance to ASTM D7032 and includes the allow-
able load and maximum allowable span determined in
accordance with ASTM D7032. Plastic or composite
handrails and guards, or their packaging, shall bear a label
that indicates compliance to ASTM D7032 and includes
the maximum allowable span determined in accordance
with ASTM D7032.

R507.3.2 Flame spread index. Plastic composite deck
boards, stair treads, guards, and handrails shall exhibit a
flame spread index not exceeding 200 when tested in accor-
dance with ASTM E84 or UL 723 with the test specimen
remaining in place during the test.

Exception: Plastic composites determined to be non-
combustible.

R507.3.3 Decay resistance. Plastic composite deck
boards, stair treads, guards and handrails containing wood,
cellulosic or other biodegradable materials shall be decay
resistant in accordance with ASTM D7032.

R507.3.4 Termite resistance. Where required by Section
318, plastic composite deck boards, stair treads, guards
and handrails containing wood, cellulosic or other biode-
gradable materials shall be termite resistant in accordance
with ASTM D7032.

507.3.5 Installation of plastic composites. Plastic com-
posite deck boards, stair treads, guards and handrails shall
be installed in accordance with this code and the manufac-
turer’s instructions.

R507.4 Decking. Maximum allowable spacing for joists sup-
porting decking shall be in accordance with Table R507.4.
Wood decking shall be attached to each supporting member
with not less than (2) 8d threaded nails or (2) No. 8 wood
screws.

R507.5 Deck joists. Maximum allowable spans for wood deck
joists, as shown in Figure R507.5, shall be in accordance with
Table R507.5. Deck joists shall be permitted to cantilever not
greater than one-fourth of the actual, adjacent joist span.

R507.5.1 Lateral restraint at supports. Joist ends and
bearing locations shall be provided with lateral restraint to
prevent rotation. Where lateral restraint is provided by
joist hangers or blocking between joists, their depth shall
equal not less than 60 percent of the joist depth. Where lat-
eral restraint is provided by rim joists, they shall be
secured to the end of each joist with not less than (3) lOd
(3-inch X 0.128-inch) nails or (3) No. 10 X 3-inch (76
mm) long wood screws.

R507.6 Deck Beams. Maximum allowable spans for wood
deck beams, as shown in Figure R507.6, shall be in accor-
dance with Table R507.6. Beam plies shall be fastened with
two rows of lOd (3-inch X 0.128-inch) nails minimum at 16
inches (406 mm) on center along each edge. Beams shall be
permitted to cantilever at each end up to one-fourth of the
actual beam span. Splices of multispan beams shall be located
at interior post locations.

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

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For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R505.3.8(2)

COLD-FORMED STEEL FLOOR CONSTRUCTION— 8-FOOT FLOOR OPENING

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R505.3.8(3)

COLD-FORMED STEEL FLOOR CONSTRUCTION: FLOOR HEADER TO TRIMMER CONNECTION— 6-FOOT OPENING

200

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

V 2 -inch diameter bolt with 1-inch maximum
sheathing®

s' and less

6'1 to8'

8'l"to10'

10'l"to12'

12'l"to1-

On-center spacing of fasteners

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. Ledgers shall be flashed in accordance with Section R703.4 to prevent water from contacting the house band joist.

b. Snow load shall not be assumed to act concurrently with live load.

c. The tip of the lag screw shall fully extend beyond the inside face of the band joist.

d. Sheathing shall be wood structural panel or solid sawn lumber.

e. Sheathing shall be permitted to be wood structural panel, gypsum board, fiberboard, lumber or foam sheathing. Up to V 2 -inch thickness of stacked washers
shall be permitted to substitute for up to V 2 inch of allowable sheathing thickness where combined with wood structural panel or lumber sheathing.

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TABLE 507.2.1

PLACEMENT OF LAG SCREWS AND BOLTS IN DECK LEDGERS AND BAND JOISTS

MINIMUM END AND EDGE DISTANCES AND SPACING BETWEEN ROWS

TOP EDGE

BOTTOM EDGE

ENDS

ROW SPACING

Ledger”

2 inches”'

V 4 inch

2 inches'”

iVg inches'”

Band Joist”

V 4 inch

2 inches

2 inches'”

iVg inches'”

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Lag screws or bolts shall be staggered from the top to the bottom along the horizontal run of the deck ledger in accordance with Figure R507.2.1(l).

b. Maximum 5 inches.

c. For engineered rim joists, the manufacturer’s recommendations shall govern.

d. The minimum distance from bottom row of lag screws or bolts to the top edge of the ledger shall be in accordance with Figure R507.2.1(l).

5” MAX

2" MIN.

STAGGER FASTENERS
IN 2 ROWS

LEDGER

LAG SCREW OR BOLT

5.5" MIN. FOR 2X8’*
6.5" MIN. FOR 2X10
7.5" MIN. FOR 2 X 12

3/4" MIN.

‘DISTANCE SHALL BE PERMITTED TO
BE REDUCED TO 4.5" IF LAG SCREWS
ARE USED OR BOLT SPACING IS
REDUCED TO THAT OF LAG SCREWS
TO ATTACH 2X8 LEDGERS TO 2 X 8
BAND JOISTS.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R507.2.1(1)

PLACEMENT OF LAG SCREWS AND BOLTS IN LEDGERS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R507.2.1(2)

PLACEMENT OF LAG SCREWS AND BOLTS IN BAND JOISTS

202

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For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE 507.2.3(1) |

DECK ATTACHMENT FOR LATERAL LOADS

SHEATHING

SIDING

FLASHING FOR
WATER TIGHTNESS

DECKING

APPROVED JOIST HANGERS

2x LEDGER WITH FASTENERS
IN ACCORDANCE WITH TABLE R507.2

HOLD-DOWN DEVICE MIN 750 LB. CAPACITY
AT 4 LOCATIONS, EVENLY DISTRIBUTED
ALONG DECK AND ONE WITHIN 24" OF EACH
END OF THE LEDGER. HOLD-DOWN DEVICES
SHALL FULLY ENGAGE DECK JOIST PER
HOLD-DOWN MANUFACTURER.

A FULLY THREADED V DIAMETER LAG
SCREW PREDRILLED W MIN. 3" PENETRATION
TO CENTER OF TOP PLATE, STUDS, OR HEADER.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R507.2.3(2)

DECK ATTACHMENT FOR LATERAL LOADS

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R507.7 Deck joist and deck beam bearing. The ends of
each joist and beam shall have not less than iVj inches (38
mm) of bearing on wood or metal and not less than 3 inches
(76 mm) on concrete or masonry for the entire width of the
beam. Joist framing into the side of a ledger board or beam
shall be supported by approved joist hangers. Joists bearing
on a beam shall be connected to the beam to resist lateral dis-
placement.

R507.7.1 Deck post to deck beam. Deck beams shall be
attached to deck posts in accordance with Figure R507.7.1
or by other equivalent means capable to resist lateral dis-
placement. Manufactured post-to-beam connectors shall
be sized for the post and beam sizes. All bolts shall have
washers under the head and nut.

Exception: Where deck beams bear directly on foot-
ings in accordance with Section R507.8.1.

TABLE R507.4
MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING

MATERIAL TYPE AND NOMINAL SIZE

MAXIMUM ON-CENTER JOIST SPACING

Perpendicular to joist

Diagonal to joist^

1 V 4 -inch-thick wood

16 inches

12 inches

2-inch-thick wood

24 inches

16 inches

Plastic composite

In accordance with Section R507.3

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 degree = 0.01745 rad.
a. Maximum angle of 45 degrees from perpendicular for wood deck boards

TABLE R507.5

DECK JOIST SPANS FOR COMMON LUMBER SPECIES' (ft. - in.)

SPECIES^

SIZE

SPACING OF DECK JOISTS WITH NO CANTILEVER''
(inches)

SPACING OF DECK JOISTS WITH CANTILEVERS"
(inches)

Southern pine

2 x 6

9-11

9-0

7-7

6-8

2 x 8

13-1

11-10

9-8

10-1

9-8

2 X 10

16-2

14-0

11-5

14-6

14-0

11-5

2 X 12

18-0

16-6

13-6

18-0

16-6

13-6

Douglas fir-larch'',

hem-fir'*

spruce-pine-fir'*

2 x 6

9-6

7-2

6-3

2 x 8

12-6

11-1

9-1

9-5

9-1

2 X 10

15-8

13-7

11-1

13-7

11-1

2 X 12

18-0

15-9

12-10

18-0

15-9

12-10

Redwood,
western cedars,
ponderosa pine",
red pine"

2 x 6

8-10

8-0

7-0

5-7

2 x 8

11-8

10-7

8-6

2 X 10

14-11

13-0

10-7

12-3

10-7

2 X 12

17-5

15-1

12-4

16-5

15-1

12-4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

a. No. 2 grade with wet service factor.

b. Ground snow load, live load = 40 psf, dead load = 10 psf, L/A = 360.

c. Ground snow load, live load = 40 psf, dead load = 10 psf, L/A = 360 at main span, L/A = 180 at cantilever with a 220-pound point load applied to end.

d. Includes incising factor.

e. Northern species with no incising factor

f. Cantilevered spans not exceeding the nominal depth of the joist are permitted.

204

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FIGURE R507.5
TYPICAL DECK JOIST SPANS

TABLE R507.6

DECK BEAM SPAN LENGTHS^ *’ (ft. - in.)

SPECIES'

SIZE'

DECK JOIST SPAN LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO:
(feet)

Southern pine

2-2x6

6-11

5-11

5-4

4-10

4-6

4-3

4-0

2-2x8

8-9

7-7

6-9

6-2

5-9

5-4

5-0

2-2 X 10

10-4

9-0

8-0

7-4

6-9

6-4

6-0

2-2 X 12

12-2

10-7

9-5

8-7

8-0

7-6

7-0

3-2x6

8-2

7-5

6-8

6-1

5-8

5-3

5-0

3-2x8

10-10

9-6

8-6

7-9

7-2

6-8

6-4

3-2 X 10

13-0

11-3

10-0

9-2

8-6

7-11

7-6

3-2 X 12

15-3

13-3

11-10

10-9

10-0

9-4

8-10

Douglas fir-larch',
hem-fir',
spruce-pine-fir',
redwood,
western cedars,
ponderosa pine*,
red pine*

3x6 or 2-2x6

5-5

4-8

4-2

3-10

3-6

3-1

2-9

3x8 or 2-2x8

6-10

5-11

5-4

4-10

4-6

4-1

3-8

3 X 10 or 2 - 2 X 10

8-4

7-3

6-6

5-11

5-6

5-1

4-8

3 X 12 or 2 - 2 X 12

9-8

8-5

7-6

6-10

6-4

5-11

5-7

4x6

6-5

5-6

4-11

4-6

4-2

3-11

3-8

4X8

8-5

7-3

6-6

5-11

5-6

5-2

4-10

4 X 10

9-11

8-7

7-8

7-0

6-6

6-1

5-8

4 X 12

11-5

9-11

8-10

8-1

7-6

7-0

6-7

3-2x6

7-4

6-8

6-0

5-6

5-1

4-9

4-6

3-2x8

9-8

8-6

7-7

6-11

6-5

6-0

5-8

3-2 X 10

12-0

10-5

9-4

8-6

7-10

7-4

6-11

3-2 X 12

13-11

12-1

10-9

9-10

9-1

8-6

8-1

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

a. Ground snow load, live load = 40 psf, dead load = 10 psf, L/A = 360 at main span, L/A = 180 at cantilever with a 220-pound point load applied at the end.

b. Beams supporting deck joists from one side only.

c. No. 2 grade, wet service factor.

d. Beam depth shall be greater than or equal to depth of joists with a flush beam condition.

e. Includes incising factor.

f. Northern species. Incising factor not included.

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R507.8 Deck posts. For single-level wood-framed decks
with beams sized in accordance with Table R507.6, deck post
size shall be in accordance with Table R507.8.

TABLE R507.8
DECK POST HEIGHT®

DECK POST SIZE

MAXIMUM HEIGHT®

4x4

4x6

6x6

14'

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Measured to the underside of the beam.

R507.8.1 Deck post to deck footing. Posts shall bear on
footings in accordance with Section R403 and Figure
R507.8.1. Posts shall be restrained to prevent lateral dis-
placement at the bottom support. Such lateral restraint
shall be provided by manufactured connectors installed in
accordance with Section R507 and the manufacturers’
instructions or a minimum post embedment of 12 inches
(305 mm) in surrounding soils or concrete piers.

h n

II X

ty \

n n

X IX

^BEAM

POST

OPTIONAL

BEAM SPAN

OPTIONAL

CANTILEVER

DROPPED BEAM

FLUSH BEAM

FIGURE R507.6
TYPICAL DECK BEAM SPANS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R507.7.1
DECK BEAM TO DECK POST

206

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE - MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 6 - WALL CONSTRUCTION

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user.
See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency

BSC

BSC-

SFM

HCD

DSA

OSHPD

BSCC

DPH

AGR

DWR

CEC

SLC

1/AC

ss/

Adopt entire chapter

Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)

Adopt only those sections
that are listed below

Chapter / Section

R602.1.1

R602.3.4.1

R606.1.1

R608.1

R610.1

R610.4.1

CHAPTER 6

WALL CONSTRUCTION

SECTION R601
GENERAL

R601.1 Application. The provisions of this chapter shall
control the design and construction of walls and partitions for
buildings.

R601.2 Requirements. Wall construction shall be capable of
accommodating all loads imposed in accordance with Section
R301 and of transmitting the resulting loads to the supporting
structural elements.

R601.2.1 Compressible floor-covering materials. Com-
pressible floor-covering materials that compress more than
V 32 inch (0.8 mm) when subjected to 50 pounds (23 kg)
applied over 1 inch square (645 mm) of material and are
greater than Vg inch (3.2 mm) in thickness in the uncom-
pressed state shall not extend beneath walls, partitions or
columns, which are fastened to the floor.

SECTION R602
WOOD WALL FRAMING

R602.1 General. Wood and wood-based products used for
load-supporting purposes shall conform to the applicable pro-
visions of this section.

R602.1.1 Sawn lumber. Sawn lumber shall be identified
by a grade mark of an accredited lumber grading or
inspection agency and have design values certified by an
accreditation body that complies with DOC PS 20. In lieu

of a grade mark, a certification of inspection issued by a
lumber grading or inspection agency meeting the require-
ments of this section shall be accepted.

Note: See Section R301. 1.1.1 for limited-density owner-
built rural dwellings.

R602.1.2 End-jointed lumber. Approved end-jointed |
lumber identified by a grade mark conforming to Section
R602. 1 shall be permitted to be used interchangeably with
solid-sawn members of the same species and grade. End-
jointed lumber used in an assembly required elsewhere in
this code to have a fire-resistance rating shall have the des-
ignation “Heat Resistant Adhesive” or “HRA” included in
its grade mark.

R602.1.3 Structural glued-laminated timbers. Glued-
laminated timbers shall be manufactured and identified as
required in ANSI/AITC A190.1 and ASTM D3737.

R602.1.4 Structural log members. Structural log mem-
bers shall comply with the provisions of ICC 400.

R602.1.5 Structural composite lumber. Structural
capacities for structural composite lumber shall be estab-
lished and monitored in accordance with ASTM D5456.

R602.1.6 Cross-laminated timber. Cross-laminated tim-
ber shall be manufactured and identified as required by
ANSI/APA PRG 320.

R602.1.7 Engineered wood rim board. Engineered wood
rim boards shall conform to ANSI/APA PRR 410 or shall

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

207

WALL CONSTRUCTION

be evaluated in accordance with ASTM D7672. Structural
capacities shall be in accordance with either ANSI/APA
PRR 410 or established in accordance with ASTM D7672.
Rim boards conforming to ANSI/APA PRR 410 shall he
marked in accordance with that standard.

R602.1.8 Wood structural panels. Wood structural panel
sheathing shall conform to DOC PS 1 , DOC PS 2 or, when
manufactured in Canada, CSA 0437 or CSA 0325. Panels
shall be identified for grade, bond classification, and per-
formance category by a grade mark or certificate of
inspection issued by an approved agency.

R602.1.9 Particleboard. Particleboard shall conform to
ANSI A208.1. Particleboard shall be identified by the
grade mark or certificate of inspection issued by an
approved agency.

R602.1.10 Fiberboard. Fiberboard shall conform to
ASTM C208. Fiberboard sheathing, where used structur-
ally, shall be identified by an approved agency as con-
forming to ASTM C208.

R602.2 Grade. Studs shall be a minimum No. 3, standard or
stud grade lumber.

Exception: Bearing studs not supporting floors and non-
bearing studs shall be permitted to be utility grade lumber,
provided the studs are spaced in accordance with Table
R602.3(5).

R602.3 Design and construction. Exterior walls of wood-
frame construction shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with the provisions of this chapter and Figures
R602.3(l) and R602.3(2), or in accordance with AWC NDS.
Components of exterior walls shall be fastened in accordance
with Tables R602.3(l) through R602.3(4). Wall sheathing
shall be fastened directly to framing members and, where
placed on the exterior side of an exterior wall, shall be capa-
ble of resisting the wind pressures listed in Table R301.2(2)
adjusted for height and exposure using Table R301.2(3) and
shall conform to the requirements of Table R602.3(3). Wall
sheathing used only for exterior wall covering purposes shall
comply with Section R703.

Studs shall be continuous from support at the sole plate to a
support at the top plate to resist loads perpendicular to the
wall. The support shall be a foundation or floor, ceiling or
roof diaphragm or shall be designed in accordance with
accepted engineering practice.

Exception: Jack studs, trimmer studs and cripple studs at
openings in walls that comply with Tables R602.7(l) and
R602.7(2).

R602.3.1 Stud size, height and spacing. The size, height
and spacing of studs shall be in accordance with Table
R602.3.(5).

Exceptions:

1 . Utility grade studs shall not be spaced more than
16 inches (406 mm) on center, shall not support
more than a roof and ceiling, and shall not exceed

8 feet (2438 mm) in height for exterior walls and
load-bearing walls or 10 feet (3048 mm) for inte-
rior nonload-bearing walls.

2. Where snow loads are less than or equal to 25
pounds per square foot (1.2 kPa), and the ultimate
design wind speed is less than or equal to 130 mph
(58.1 m/s), 2-inch by 6-inch (38 mm by 14 mm)
studs supporting a roof load with not more than 6
feet (1829 mm) of tributary length shall have a
maximum height of 18 feet (5486 mm) where
spaced at 16 inches (406 mm) on center, or 20 feet
(6096 mm) where spaced at 12 inches (304.8 mm)
on center. Studs shall be minimum No. 2 grade
lumber.

R602.3.2 Top plate. Wood stud walls shall be capped with
a double top plate installed to provide overlapping at cor-
ners and intersections with bearing partitions. End joints in
top plates shall be offset not less than 24 inches (610 mm).
Joints in plates need not occur over studs. Plates shall be not
less than 2-inches (51 mm) nominal thickness and have a
width not less than the width of the studs.

Exception: A single top plate used as an alternative to
a double top plate shall comply with the following:

1 . The single top plate shall be tied at corners, inter-
secting walls, and at in-line splices in straight
wall lines in accordance with Table R602.3.2.

2. The rafters or joists shall be centered over the studs
with a tolerance of not more than 1 inch (25 mm).

3. Omission of the top plate is permitted over headers
where the headers are adequately tied to adjacent
wall sections in accordance with Table R602.3.2.

R602.3.3 Bearing studs. Where joists, trusses or rafters
are spaced more than 16 inches (406 mm) on center and
the bearing studs below are spaced 24 inches (610 mm) on
center, such members shall bear within 5 inches (127 mm)
of the studs beneath.

Exceptions:

1. The top plates are two 2-inch by 6-inch (38 mm
by 140 mm) or two 3 -inch by 4-inch (64 mm by
89 mm) members.

2. A third top plate is installed.

3. Solid blocking equal in size to the studs is
installed to reinforce the double top plate.

R602.3.4 Bottom (sole) plate. Studs shall have full bear-
ing on a nominal 2-by (5 1 mm) or larger plate or sill hav-
ing a width not less than to the width of the studs.

R602.3.4.1 Rodent proofing. Annular spaces around
pipes, electric cables, conduits or other openings in
bottom/sole plates at exterior walls shall be protected
against the passage of rodents by closing such open-
ings in accordance with the California Green Building
Standards Code, Chapter 4, Division 4.4.

208

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.3(1)
FASTENING SCHEDULE

ITEM

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

NUMBER AND TYPE
OF FASTENER"’

SPACING AND LOCATION

Roof

Blocking between ceiling joists or rafters to top plate

4-8d box (2V2 "x 0.113") or
3-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131 "); or
3-lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
3-3" X 0.131" nails

Toe nail

Ceiling joists to top plate

4-8d box (2V2 "x 0.113"); or
3-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131 "); or
3-lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
3-3" X 0.131" nails

Per joist, toe nail

Ceiling joist not attached to parallel rafter, laps over
partitions [see Sections R802.3.1, R802.3.2 and Table
R802.5.1(9)]

4-lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or

3- 16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162"); or

4- 3" X 0.131" nails

Face nail

Ceiling joist attached to parallel rafter (heel joint)
[see Sections R802.3.1 and R802.3.2 and Table
R802.5.1(9)]

Table R802.5.1(9)

Face nail

Collar tie to rafter, face nail or 1 V 4 " x 20 ga. ridge strap to
rafter

4-lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or

3- lOd common (3" x 0.148"); or

4- 3" X 0.131" nails

Face nail each rafter

Rafter or roof truss to plate

3-16d box nails ( 3 V 2 " x 0.135"); or

3- lOd common nails (3" x 0.148");
or

4- lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
4-3" X 0.131" nails

2 toe nails on one side and 1 toe nail
on opposite side of each rafter or
truss'

Roof rafters to ridge, valley or hip rafters or roof rafter
to minimum 2" ridge beam

4-16d (3V2 "x 0.135"); or

3- lOd common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.148"); or

4- lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
4-3" X 0.131" nails

Toe nail

3-16d box 3V2 "x 0.135"); or

2- 16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162"); or

3- lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
3-3" X 0.131" nails

End nail

Wall

Stud to stud (not at braced wall panels)

16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162")

24" o.c. face nail

lOd box (3 "X 0.128"); or
3"x0.131" nails

16" o.c. face nail

Stud to stud and abutting studs at intersecting wall corners
(at braced wall panels)

16dbox (3V2 "x 0.135"); or
3" X 0.131 " nails

12" o.c. face nail

16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162")

16" o.c. face nail

Built-up header (2" to 2" header with Vj" spacer)

16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162")

16" o.c. each edge face nail

16d box ( 3 V 2 " X 0.135")

12" o.c. each edge face nail

Continuous header to stud

5-8d box (2V2 "x 0.113"); or
4-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or
4-lOd box (3" X 0.128")

Toe nail

Top plate to top plate

16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162")

16" o.c. face nail

lOdbox (3 "X 0.128"); or
3" X 0.131" nails

12" o.c. face nail

Double top plate splice for SDCs A-Dj with seismic
braced wall line spacing < 25 '

8-16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162"); or
12-16d box ( 3 V 2 " X 0.135"); or
12-lOd box (3 "X 0.128"); or
12-3" X 0.131 " nails

Face nail on each side of end joint
(minimum 24" lap splice length
each side of end joint)

Double top plate splice SDCs D„, Dj, or T)^, and braced
wall line spacing > 25 '

12-16d (3V2 "x 0.135")

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

209

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.3(1)— continued
FASTENING SCHEDULE

ITEM

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

NUMBER AND TYPE OF FASTENER*' '>' =

SPACING AND LOCATION

Bottom plate to joist, rim joist, band joist or
blocking (not at braced wall panels)

16d common (SVj" x 0.162")

16" o.c. face nail

16d hox (SVj" X 0.135"); or
3"x 0.131" nails

12" o.c. face nail

Bottom plate to joist, rim joist, band joist or
blocking (at braced wall panel)

3- 16d hox (3V2 "x 0.135"); or
2-16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162"); or

4- 3" X 0.131" nails

3 each 16" o.c. face nail
2 each 16" o.c. face nail

4 each 16" o.c. face nail

Top or bottom plate to stud

4-8d hox (2V2 "x 0.113"); or

3- 16d hox (3V2 "x 0.135"); or

4- 8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or
4-lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or
4-3" X 0.131" nails

Toe nail

3-16d hox (3V2 "x 0.135"); or

2- 16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162"); or

3- lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or
3-3" X 0.131" nails

End nail

Top plates, laps at corners and intersections

3-lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or

2- 16d common ( 3 V 2 " x 0.162"); or

3- 3" X 0.131" nails

Face nail

1 " brace to each stud and plate

3-8d hox ( 2 V 2 "x 0.113"); or
2-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or
2-lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or
2 staples IV 4 "

Face nail

1 " X 6 " sheathing to each hearing

3-8d hox X 0.113"); or

2-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or
2-lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or
2 staples, 1" crown, 16 ga., lV 4 "long

Face nail

1 " X 8 " and wider sheathing to each hearing

3-8d hox (2V2 "x 0.113"); or
3-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or
3-lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or
3 staples, 1" crown, 16 ga., lV 4 "long

Face nail

Wider than 1 " x 8 "

4-8d hox (2V2 "x 0.113"); or
3-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or
3-lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or
4 staples, 1" crown, 16 ga., lV 4 "long

Floor

Joist to sill, top plate or girder

4-8d hox (2V2 "x 0.113"); or
3-8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or
3-lOd hox (3" X 0.128"); or
3-3" X 0.131 " nails

Toe nail

Rim joist, band joist or blocking to sill or top
plate (roof applications also)

8d box (2V2 "x 0.113")

4" o.c. toe nail

8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131 "); or
lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
3"x 0.131" nails

6" o.c. toe nail

1 " X 6 " subfloor or less to each joist

3-8d box X 0.113"); or

2- 8d common ( 2 V 2 " x 0.131"); or

3- lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or

2 staples, 1" crown, 16 ga., lV 4 "long

Face nail

(continued)

210

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 602.3(1)

FASTENING SCHEDULE— continued

ITEM

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

NUMBER AND TYPE OF FASTENER^ '’ "

SPACING AND LOCATION

Floor

2 " subfloor to joist or girder

3-16d box (3*4" X 0.135"); or
2-16d common ( 3 */ 2 " x 0.162")

Blind and face nail

2 " planks (plank & beam — floor & roof)

3-16d box (3*4" X 0.135"); or
2-16d common ( 3 */ 2 " x 0.162")

At each bearing, face nail

Band or rim joist to joist

3- 16d common ( 3 */ 2 " x 0.162")

4- 10 box (3 "X 0.128"), or
4-3" X 0.131 " nails; or

4-3" X 14 ga. staples, crown

End nail

Built-up girders and beams, 2-inch lumber
layers

20d common (4" x 0.192"); or

Nail each layer as follows: 32" o.c.
at top and bottom and staggered.

lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
3" X 0.131 " nails

24" o.c. face nail at top and bottom
staggered on opposite sides

And:

2- 20d common (4" x 0.192"); or

3- lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
3-3" X 0.131 " nails

Face nail at ends and at each splice

Ledger strip supporting joists or rafters

4-16d box ( 3 */ 2 " X 0.135"); or

3- 16d common ( 3 */ 2 " x 0.162"); or

4- lOd box (3" X 0.128"); or
4-3" X 0.131 " nails

At each joist or rafter, face nail

Bridging to joist

2-10d(3"x0.128")

Each end, toe nail

ITEM

DESCRIPTION
OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

NUMBER AND
TYPE OF FASTENER* '’' '

SPACING OF FASTENERS

Edges

(Inches)'’

Intermediate

supports*’*

(Inches)

Wood structural panels, subfloor, roof and Interior wall sheathing to framing and particleboard wall sheathing to framing
[see Table R602.3(3) for wood structural panel exterior wall sheathing to wall framing]

3/ ft_l/ ft
'1

6 d common (2" x 0.113") nail (subfloor, wall)'
8 d common ( 2 */ 2 " x 0.131 ") nail (roof)

12 *

19/ ff_,ft
'32 ^

8 d common nail ( 2 */ 2 " x 0.131 ")

12 *

i‘ 4 "-iV/'

lOd common (3" x 0.148") nail; or
8 d ( 2 */ 2 " X 0.131 ") deformed nail

Other wall sheathing^

Vj" structural cellulosic fiberboard
sheathing

l*/ 2 " galvanized roofing nail, Vjg" head
diameter, or 1 " crown staple 16 ga., l*/^" long

structural cellulosic
fiberboard sheathing

1 V 4 " galvanized roofing nail, Vjg" head
diameter, or 1 " crown staple 16 ga., l*/^" long

Vj" gypsum sheathing'*

1 *( 2 " galvanized roofing nail; staple galvanized,
L/ 2 " long; L/ 4 " screws. Type W or S

% " gypsum sheathing'*

1 V 4 " galvanized roofing nail; staple galvanized,
1%" long; L/g" screws. Type W or S

Wood structural panels, combination subfloor underlayment to framing

and less

6 d deformed ( 2 " x 0 . 120 ") nail; or
8 d common ( 2 */ 2 " x 0.131 ") nail

%"-l"

8 d common { 2 '-! 2 " x 0.131 ") nail; or
8 d deformed ( 2 */ 2 " x 0 . 120 ") nail

1*4"- iV/'

lOd common (3" x 0.148" ) nail; or
8 d deformed ( 2 */ 2 " x 0 . 120 ") nail

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s; 1 ksi = 6.895 MPa.

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

211

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.3(1)— continued
FASTENING SCHEDULE

a. Nails are smooth-common, box or deformed shanks except where otherwise stated. Nails used for framing and sheathing connections shall have minimum
average bending yield strengths as shown: 80 ksi for shank diameter of 0.192 inch (20d common nail), 90 ksi for shank diameters larger than 0.142 inch but
not larger than 0.177 inch, and 100 ksi for shank diameters of 0.142 inch or less.

b. Staples are 16 gage wire and have a minimum V^^-inch on diameter crown width.

c. Nails shall be spaced at not more than 6 inches on center at all supports where spans are 48 inches or greater.

d. Four-foot by 8-foot or 4-foot by 9-foot panels shall be applied vertically.

e. Spacing of fasteners not included in this table shall be based on Table R602.3(2).

f. Where the ultimate design wind speed is 130 mph or less, nails for attaching wood structural panel roof sheathing to gable end wall framing shall be spaced 6
inches on center. Where the ultimate design wind speed is greater than 130 mph, nails for attaching panel roof sheathing to intermediate supports shall be
spaced 6 inches on center for minimum 48-inch distance from ridges, eaves and gable end walls; and 4 inches on center to gable end wall framing.

g. Gypsum sheathing shall conform to ASTM C1396 and shall be installed in accordance with GA 253. Fiberboard sheathing shall conform to ASTM C208.

h. Spacing of fasteners on floor sheathing panel edges applies to panel edges supported by framing members and required blocking and at floor perimeters only.
Spacing of fasteners on roof sheathing panel edges applies to panel edges supported by framing members and required blocking. Blocking of roof or floor
sheathing panel edges perpendicular to the framing members need not be provided except as required by other provisions of this code. Floor perimeter shall be
supported by framing members or solid blocking.

i. Where a rafter is fastened to an adjacent parallel ceiling joist in accordance with this schedule, provide two toe nails on one side of the rafter and toe nails from
the ceiling joist to top plate in accordance with this schedule. The toe nail on the opposite side of the rafter shall not be required.

TABLE R602.3.2

SINGLE TOP-PLATE SPLICE CONNECTION DETAILS

CONDITION

TOP-PLATE SPLICE LOCATION

Corners and intersecting waiis

Butt joints in straight waiis

Spiice piate size

Minimum naiis
each side of joint

Spiice plate size

Minimum naiis
each side of joint

Structures in SDC A-C; and in SDC
D„, Dj and Dj with braced wall line
spacing less than 25 feet

3" X 6" X 0.036"
galvanized steel plate
or equivalent

(6) 8d box

(2V/ X 0.113") nails

3' X 12" X 0.036"
galvanized steel plate
or equivalent

(12) 8d box
(27/ X 0.113") nails

Structures in SDC D„, Dj and D^,
with braced wall line spacing
greater than or equal to 25 feet

3" X 8" by 0.036"
galvanized steel plate
or equivalent

(9) 8d box

(2V/ X 0.113") nails

3' X 16" X 0.036"
galvanized steel plate
or equivalent

(18) 8d box
(27/ X 0.113") nails

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

212

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.3(2)

ALTERNATE ATTACHMENTS TO TABLE R602.3(1)

NOMINAL MATERIAL
THICKNESS (Inches)

DESCRIPTION^ '=OF FASTENER AND LENGTH
(Inches)

SPACING' OF FASTENERS |

Edges

(Inches)

Intermediate
supports (Inches)

1 Wood structural panels subfloor, roof^ and wall sheathing to framing and particleboard wall sheathing to framing' |

Up to Vj

Staple 15 ga. IV4

0.097 - 0.099 Nail 2V4

Staple 16 ga. IV4

0.113 Nail 2

Staple 15 and 16 ga. 2

0.097 - 0.099 Nail 2V4

and V4

Staple 14 ga. 2

Staple 15 ga. IV4

0.097 - 0.099 Nail 2V4

Staple 16 ga. 2

Staple 14 ga. 2V4

0.113 Nail2‘/4

Staple 15 ga. 2V4

0.097 - 0.099 Nail 2V2

NOMINAL MATERIAL
THICKNESS (Inches)

DESCRIPTION="=OF FASTENER AND LENGTH
(Inches)

SPACING' OF FASTENERS |

Edges

(Inches)

Body of panel"
(Inches)

Floor underlayment; plywood-hardboard-particleboard'-fiber-cement''

Fiber-cement

3d, corrosion-resistant, ring shank nails (finished flooring other than tile)

Staple 18 ga., Vg long, V4 crown (finished flooring other than tile)

1 V4 long X .121 shank x .375 head diameter corrosion-resistant
(galvanized or stainless steel) roofing nails (for tile finish)

1 V4 long. No. 8 X .375 head diameter, ribbed wafer-head screws (for tile finish)

1 Plywood 1

V4 and

1 V4ring or screw shank nail-minimum
12'/2ga. (0.099") shank diameter

Staple 18 ga., Vg, crown width

‘V32, Vg, and V2

1 V4ring or screw shank nail-minimum
12'/2ga. (0.099") shank diameter

%,Vg,%and%

1 '^ring or screw shank nail-minimum
12'/2ga. (0.099") shank diameter

Staple 16 ga. iVj

1 Hardboard' |

0.200

1 Vj long ring-grooved underlayment nail

4d cement-coated sinker nail

Staple 18 ga., Vglong (plastic coated)

1 Particleboard |

4d ring-grooved underlayment nail

Staple 18 ga., Vglong, Vj^crown

6d ring-grooved underlayment nail

Staple 16 ga., iVglong, Vg crown

6d ring-grooved underlayment nail

Staple 16 ga., iVglong, Vg crown

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Nail is a general description and shall be permitted to be T-head, modified round head or round head.

b. Staples shall have a minimum crown width of V^^-inch on diameter except as noted.

c. Nails or staples shall be spaced at not more than 6 inches on center at all supports where spans are 48 inches or greater. Nails or staples shall be spaced at not
more than 12 inches on center at intermediate supports for floors.

d. Fasteners shall be placed in a grid pattern throughout the body of the panel.

e. For 5-ply panels, intermediate nails shall be spaced not more than 12 inches on center each way.

f. Hardboard underlayment shall conform to CPA/ ANSI A135.4

g. Specified alternate attachments for roof sheathing shall be permitted where the ultimate design wind speed is less than 130 mph. Fasteners attaching wood
structural panel roof sheathing to gable end wall framing shall be installed using the spacing listed for panel edges.

h. Fiber-cement underlayment shall conform to ASTM C1288 or ISO 8336, Category C.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

213

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.3(3)

REQUIREMENTS FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL WALL SHEATHING USED TO RESIST WIND PRESSURES"

MINIMUM NAIL

MINIMUM WOOD
STRUCTURAL
PANEL SPAN
RATING

MINIMUM

NOMINAL

PANEL

THICKNESS

(Inches)

MAXIMUM WALL
STUD SPACING
(inches)

PANEL NAIL SPACING

ULTIMATE DESIGN
WIND SPEED V„„
(mph)

Size

Penetration

(inches)

Edges
(Inches o.c.)

Field

(Inches o.c.)

Wind exposure category

6d Common
(2.0" X 0.113")

1.5

24/0

140

115

110

8d Common
(2.5" X 0.131")

1.75

24/16

’/l6

170

140

135

140

115

110

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

a. Panel strength axis parallel or perpendicular to supports. Three-ply plywood sheathing with studs spaced more than 16 inches on center shall be applied with
panel strength axis perpendicular to supports.

b. Table is based on wind pressures acting toward and away from building surfaces in accordance with Section R301.2. Lateral bracing requirements shall be in
accordance with Section R602.10.

c. Wood structural panels with span ratings of Wall-16 or Wall-24 shall be permitted as an alternate to panels with a 24/0 span rating. Plywood siding rated 16
o.c. or 24 o.c. shall be permitted as an alternate to panels with a 24/16 span rating. Wall-16 and Plywood siding 16 o.c. shall be used with studs spaced not
more than 16 inches on center.

TABLE R602.3(4)

ALLOWABLE SPANS FOR PARTICLEBOARD WALL SHEATHING"

THICKNESS

(Inch)

GRADE

STUD SPACING
(Inches)

When siding Is nailed to studs

When siding is nailed to sheathing

M- 1 Exterior glue

—

M-2 Exterior glue

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. Wall sheathing not exposed to the weather. If the panels are applied horizontally, the end joints of the panel shall be offset so that four panel corners will not
meet. All panel edges must be supported. Leave a Vjg-inch gap between panels and nail not less than % inch from panel edges.

TABLE R602.3(5)

SIZE, HEIGHT AND SPACING OF WOOD STUDS"

STUD SiZE
(inches)

BEARING WALLS

NONBEARING WALLS

Laterally
unsupported
stud height'
(feet)

Maximum spacing
when supporting a
roof-ceiling
assembly or a
habitable attic
assembly, only
(Inches)

Maximum spacing
when supporting one
floor, plus a roof-
celling assembly or a
habitable attic
assembly (Inches)

Maximum spacing
when supporting two
floors, plus a roof-
celling assembly or a
habitable attic
assembly (Inches)

Maximum spacing
when supporting
one floor height'
(Inches)

Laterally
unsupported
stud height'
(feet)

Maximum

spacing

(inches)

C i

2x3”

—

2x4

24"

16"

3x4

2x5

—

2x6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Listed heights are distances between points of lateral support placed perpendicular to the plane of the wall. Bearing walls shall be sheathed on not less than
one side or bridging shall be installed not greater than 4 feet apart measured vertically from either end of the stud. Increases in unsupported height are
permitted where in compliance with Exception 2 of Section R602.3.1 or designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

b. Shall not be used in exterior walls.

c. A habitable attic assembly supported by 2 x 4 studs is limited to a roof span of 32 feet. Where the roof span exceeds 32 feet, the wall studs shall be increased
to 2 X 6 or the studs shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

214

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

PLATFORM FRAMING BEARING WALL BALLOON FRAMING

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R602.3(1)

TYPICAL WALL, FLOOR AND ROOF FRAMING

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

215

WALL CONSTRUCTION

EXTERIOR WALLS WITH 1 IN. BY 4 IN. BRACES LET
INTO STUDS AND PLATES AND EXTENDING FROM
BOTTOM PLATE TO TOP PLATE, OR OTHER
APPROVED METAL STRAP DEVICES INSTALLED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURER'S
SPECIFICATIONS. SEE SECTION R602.10.

NOTE: A THIRD STUD AND/OR PARTITION INTERSECTION
BACKING STUDS SHALL BE PERMITTED TO BE OMITTED
THROUGH THE USE OF WOOD BACKUP CLEATS, METAL
DRYWALL CLIPS OR OTHER APPROVED DEVICES THAT
WILL SERVE AS ADEQUATE BACKING FOR THE FACING
MATERIALS.

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R602.3(2)
FRAMING DETAILS

216

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

R602.3.5 Braced wall panel uplift load path. Braced
wall panels located at exterior walls that support roof raf-
ters or trusses (including stories below top story) shall
have the framing members connected in accordance with
one of the following:

1 . Fastening in accordance with Table R602.3(l) where:

1.1. The ultimate design wind speed does not
exceed 115 mph (5 1 m/s), the wind exposure
category is B, the roof pitch is 5:12 or
greater, and the roof span is 32 feet (9754
mm) or less.

1.2. The net uplift value at the top of a wall does
not exceed 100 plf (146 N/mm). The net uplift
value shall be determined in accordance with
Section R802.il and shall be permitted to be
reduced by 60 plf (86 N/mm) for each full
wall above.

2. Where the net uplift value at the top of a wall
exceeds 100 plf (146 N/mm), installing approved
uplift framing connectors to provide a continuous
load path from the top of the wall to the foundation
or to a point where the uplift force is 100 plf (146 N/
mm) or less. The net uplift value shall be as deter-
mined in Item 1 .2.

3. Wall sheathing and fasteners designed to resist com-
bined uplift and shear forces in accordance with
accepted engineering practice.

R602.4 Interior load-bearing walls. Interior load-hearing
walls shall be constructed, framed and fireblocked as speci-
fied for exterior walls.

R602.5 Interior nonbearing walls. Interior nonbearing
walls shall be permitted to be constructed with 2-inch by 3-
inch (51 mm by 76 mm) studs spaced 24 inches (610 mm)
on center or, where not part of a braced wall line, 2-inch by
4- inch (51 mm by 102 mm) flat studs spaced at 16 inches
(406 mm) on center. Interior nonhearing walls shall he
capped with not less than a single top plate. Interior non-
bearing walls shall he firehlocked in accordance with Sec-
tion R602.8.

R602.6 Drilling and notching of studs. Drilling and notch-
ing of studs shall be in accordance with the following:

1. Notching. Any stud in an exterior wall or hearing parti-
tion shall be permitted to be cut or notched to a depth
not exceeding 25 percent of its width. Studs in nonbear-
ing partitions shall he permitted to he notched to a
depth not to exceed 40 percent of a single stud width.

2. Drilling. Any stud shall he permitted to he bored or
drilled, provided that the diameter of the resulting hole
is not more than 60 percent of the stud width, the edge
of the hole is not more than % inch (16 mm) to the edge
of the stud, and the hole is not located in the same sec-
tion as a cut or notch. Studs located in exterior walls or

bearing partitions drilled over 40 percent and up to 60
percent shall be doubled with not more than two succes-
sive doubled studs bored. See Figures R602.6(l) and
R602.6(2).

Exception: Use of approved stud shoes is permitted
where they are installed in accordance with the man-
ufacturer’ s recommendations.

R602.6.I Drilling and notching of top plate. When pip-
ing or ductwork is placed in or partly in an exterior wall
or interior load-bearing wall, necessitating cutting, drill-
ing or notching of the top plate by more than 50 percent
of its width, a galvanized metal tie not less than 0.054
inch thick (1.37 mm) (16 ga) and iVj inches (38 mm)
wide shall be fastened across and to the plate at each side
of the opening with not less than eight lOd (0.148 inch
diameter) nails having a minimum length of IV 2 inches
(38 mm) at each side or equivalent. The metal tie must
extend a minimum of 6 inches past the opening. See Fig-
ure R602.6.1.

Exception: When the entire side of the wall with the notch
or cut is covered by wood structural panel sheathing.
R602.7 Headers. For header spans, see Tables R602.7(l),
R602.7(2) and R602.7(3).

R602.7.1 Single member headers. Single headers shall be
framed with a single flat 2-inch-nominal (5 1 mm) member
or wall plate not less in width than the wall studs on the top
and bottom of the header in accordance with Figures
R602.7.1(l) and R602.7.1(2) and face nailed to the top and
bottom of the header with lOd box nails (3 inches x 0.128
inches) spaced 12 inches on center.

R602.7.2 Rim board headers. Rim board header size,
material and span shall be in accordance with Table
R602.7(l). Rim hoard headers shall be constructed in
accordance with Figure R602.7.2 and shall be supported
at each end by full-height studs. The number of full-height
studs at each end shall be not less than the number of studs
displaced by half of the header span based on the maxi-
mum stud spacing in accordance with Table R602.3(5).
Rim board headers supporting concentrated loads shall be
designed in accordance with accepted engineering prac-
tice.

R602.7.3 Wood structural panel box headers. Wood
structural panel box headers shall be constructed in accor-
dance with Figure R602.7.3 and Table R602.7.3.

R602.7.4 Nonbearing walls. Load-bearing headers are
not required in interior or exterior nonbearing walls. A sin-
gle flat 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) member
shall be permitted to be used as a header in interior or
exterior nonbearing walls for openings up to 8 feet (2438
mm) in width if the vertical distance to the parallel nailing
surface above is not more than 24 inches (610 mm). For
such nonbearing headers, cripples or blocking are not
required above the header.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

217

WALL CONSTRUCTION

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Note: Condition for exterior and bearing walls.

FIGURE R602.6(1)

NOTCHING AND BORED HOLE LIMITATIONS FOR EXTERIOR WALLS AND BEARING WALLS

218

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R602.6(2)

NOTCHING AND BORED HOLE LIMITATIONS FOR INTERIOR NONBEARING WALLS

R602.7.5 Supports for headers. Headers shall be sup-
ported on each end with one or more jack studs or with
approved framing anchors in accordance with Table
R602.7(l) or R602.7(2). The full-height stud adjacent to
each end of the header shall be end nailed to each end of
the header with four-16d nails (3.5 inches x 0.135
inches). The minimum number of full-height studs at
each end of a header shall be in accordance with Table
R602.7.5.

R602.8 Fireblocking required. Fireblocking shall be pro-
vided in accordance with Section R302.il.

R602.9 Cripple walls. Foundation cripple walls shall be
framed of studs not smaller than the studding above. When
exceeding 4 feet (1219 mm) in height, such walls shall be

framed of studs having the size required for an additional
story.

Cripple walls with a stud height less than 14 inches (356
mm) shall be continuously sheathed on one side with wood
structural panels fastened to both the top and bottom plates in
accordance with Table R602.3(l), or the cripple walls shall
be constructed of solid blocking.

Cripple walls shall be supported on continuous founda-
tions.

R602.10 Wall bracing. Buildings shall be braced in accor-
dance with this section or, when applicable. Section R602.12.
Where a building, or portion thereof, does not comply with
one or more of the bracing requirements in this section, those
portions shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
Section R301.1.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

219

WALL CONSTRUCTION

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

FIGURE R602.6.1

TOP PLATE FRAMING TO ACCOMMODATE PIPING

TABLE R602.7.5

MINIMUM NUMBER OF FULL HEIGHT STUDS
AT EACH END OF HEADERS IN EXTERIOR WALLS

HEADER SPAN
(feet)

MAXIMUM STUD SPACING (Inches)
[per Table R602.3(5)]

< 3 '

4 '

8 '

12 '

16 '

R602.10.1 Braced wall lines. For the purpose of deter-
mining the amount and location of bracing required in
each story level of a building, braced wall lines shall be
designated as straight lines in the building plan placed in
accordance with this section.

R602.10.1.1 Length of a braced wall line. The length
of a braced wall line shall be the distance between its
ends. The end of a braced wall line shall be the inter-
section with a perpendicular braced wall line, an angled
braced wall line as permitted in Section R602.10.1.4 or
an exterior wall as shown in Figure R602.1 0.1.1.

R602.10.1.2 Offsets along a braced wall line. Exte-
rior walls parallel to a braced wall line shall be offset
not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) from the designated
braced wall line location as shown in Figure
R602.10.1.1. Interior walls used as bracing shall be off-
set not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) from a braced wall
line through the interior of the building as shown in
Figure R602.1 0.1.1.

R602.10.1.3 Spacing of braced wall lines. The spac-
ing between parallel braced wall lines shall be in accor-
dance with Table R602.10.1.3. Intermediate braced
wall lines through the interior of the building shall be
permitted.

R602.10.1.4 Angled walls. Any portion of a wall along a
braced wall line shall be permitted to angle out of plane
for a maximum diagonal length of 8 feet (2438 mm).
Where the angled wall occurs at a corner, the length of
the braced wall line shall be measured from the projected
corner as shown in Figure R602.10.1.4. Where the diag-
onal length is greater than 8 feet (2438 mm), it shall be
considered a separate braced wall line and shall be
braced in accordance with Section R602.10.1.

R602.10.2 Braced wall panels. Braced wall panels shall
be full-height sections of wall that shall not have vertical
or horizontal offsets. Braced wall panels shall be con-
structed and placed along a braced wall line in accordance
with this section and the bracing methods specified in Sec-
tion R602.10.4.

R602.10.2.1 Braced wall panel uplift load path. The

bracing lengths in Table R602. 10.3(1) apply only when
uplift loads are resisted in accordance with Section
R602.3.5.

R602.10.2.2 Locations of braced wall panels. A

braced wall panel shall begin within 10 feet (3810 mm)
from each end of a braced wall line as determined in
Section R602.10.1.1. The distance between adjacent
edges of braced wall panels along a braced wall line
shall be not greater than 20 feet (6096 mm) as shown in
Figure R602. 10.2.2.

220

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.7(1)

GIRDER SPANS" AND HEADER SPANS" FOR EXTERIOR BEARING WALLS
(Maximum spans for Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, southern pine and spruce-pine-fir'’ and required number of jack studs)

I I GROUND SNOW LOAD (psf)"

GIRDERS AND

HEADERS

SIZE

Building width” (feet)

SUPPORTING

Span

NJ”

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

Span

1 - 2 x 8

4-6

3-10

3-5

3-9

3-2

2-10

—

1-2 X 10

5-8

4-11

4-4

4-9

4-1

3-7

—

1-2 X 12

6-11

5-11

5-3

5-9

4-8

3-8

—

2 - 2 x 4

3-6

3-2

2-10

3-2

2-9

2-6

2-10

2-6

2-3

2 - 2 x 6

5-5

4-8

4-2

4-8

4-1

3-8

4-2

3-8

3-3

2 - 2 x 8

6-10

5-11

5-4

5-11

5-2

4-7

5-4

4-7

4-1

Roof and ceiling

2-2 X 10

8-5

7-3

6-6

7-3

6-3

5-7

6-6

5-7

5-0

2-2 X 12

9-9

8-5

7-6

8-5

7-3

6-6

7-6

6-6

5-10

3 - 2 x 8

8-4

7-5

6-8

7-5

6-5

5-9

6-8

5-9

5-2

3-2 X 10

10-6

9-1

8-2

9-1

7-10

7-0

8-2

7-0

6-4

3-2 X 12

12-2

10-7

9-5

10-7

9-2

8-2

9-5

8-2

7-4

4 - 2 x 8

9-2

8-4

7-8

8-4

7-5

6-8

7-8

6-8

5-11

4-2 X 10

11-8

10-6

9-5

10-6

9-1

8-2

9-5

8-2

7-3

4-2 X 12

14-1

12-2

10-11

12-2

10-7

9-5

10-11

9-5

8-5

1 - 2 x 8

3-11

3-5

3-0

3-7

3-0

2-8

—

1-2 X 10

5-0

4-4

3-10

4-6

3-11

3-4

—

1-2 X 12

5-10

4-9

4-2

5-5

4-2

3-4

—

2 - 2 x 4

3-1

2-9

2-5

2-9

2-5

2-2

2-7

2-3

2-0

2 - 2 x 6

4-6

4-0

3-7

4-1

3-7

3-3

3-9

3-3

2-11

2 - 2 x 8

5-9

5-0

4-6

5-2

4-6

4-1

4-9

4-2

3-9

Roof, ceiling

Qnri rtnf ' r ' f ' ntf ' r -

2-2 X 10

7-0

6-2

5-6

6-4

5-6

5-0

5-9

5-1

4-7

aiiLi tjiic wCiiLd

bearing floor

2-2 X 12

8-1

7-1

6-5

7-4

6-5

5-9

6-8

5-10

5-3

3 - 2 x 8

7-2

6-3

5-8

6-5

5-8

5-1

5-11

5-2

4-8

3-2 X 10

8-9

7-8

6-11

7-11

6-11

6-3

7-3

6-4

5-8

3-2 X 12

10-2

8-11

8-0

9-2

8-0

7-3

8-5

7-4

6-7

4 - 2 x 8

8-1

7-3

6-7

7-5

6-6

5-11

6-10

6-0

5-5

4-2 X 10

10-1

8-10

8-0

9-1

8-0

7-2

8-4

7-4

6-7

4-2 X 12

11-9

10-3

9-3

10-7

9-3

8-4

9-8

8-6

7-7

1 - 2 x 8

3-6

3-0

2-8

3-5

2-11

2-7

—

1-2 X 10

4-6

3-10

3-3

4-4

3-9

3-1

—

1-2 X 12

5-6

4-2

3-3

5-4

3-11

3-1

—

2 - 2 x 4

2-8

2-4

2-1

2-7

2-3

2-0

2-5

2-1

1-10

2 - 2 x 6

3-11

3-5

3-0

3-10

3-4

3-0

3-6

3-1

2-9

2 - 2 x 8

5-0

4-4

3-10

4-10

4-2

3-9

4-6

3-11

3-6

Roof, ceiling

isnH r*lpnr

2-2 X 10

6-1

5-3

4-8

5-11

5-1

4-7

5-6

4-9

4-3

span floor

2-2 X 12

7-1

6-1

5-5

6-10

5-11

5-4

6-4

5-6

5-0

3 - 2 x 8

6-3

5-5

4-10

6-1

5-3

4-8

5-7

4-11

4-5

3-2 X 10

7-7

6-7

5-11

7-5

6-5

5-9

6-10

6-0

5-4

3-2 X 12

8-10

7-8

6-10

8-7

7-5

6-8

7-11

6-11

6-3

4 - 2 x 8

7-2

6-3

5-7

7-0

6-1

5-5

6-6

5-8

5-1

4-2 X 10

8-9

7-7

6-10

8-7

7-5

6-7

7-11

6-11

6-2

4-2 X 12

10-2

8-10

7-11

9-11

8-7

7-8

9-2

8-0

7-2

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.7(1)— continued

GIRDER SPANS^ AND HEADER SPANS^FOR EXTERIOR BEARING WALLS
(Maximum spans for Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, southern pine and spruce-pine-fir*’ and required number of jack studs)

GIRDERS AND
HEADERS
SUPPORTING

SIZE

GROUND SNOW LOAD (psf)'

Building width' (feet)

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Span

NJ'

Roof, ceiling
and two center-
bearing floors

2-2x4

2-7

2-3

2-0

2-6

2-2

1-11

2-4

2-0

1-9

2-2x6

3-9

3-3

2-11

3-8

3-2

2-10

3-5

3-0

2-8

2-2x8

4-9

4-2

3-9

4-7

4-0

3-8

4-4

3-9

3-5

2-2 X 10

5-9

5-1

4-7

5-8

4-11

4-5

5-3

4-7

4-2

2-2 X 12

6-8

5-10

5-3

6-6

5-9

5-2

6-1

5-4

4-10

3-2x8

5-11

5-2

4-8

5-9

5-1

4-7

5-5

4-9

4-3

3-2 X 10

7-3

6-4

5-8

7-1

6-2

5-7

6-7

5-9

5-3

3-2 X 12

8-5

7-4

6-7

8-2

7-2

6-5

7-8

6-9

6-1

4-2x8

6-10

6-0

5-5

6-8

5-10

5-3

6-3

5-6

4-11

4-2 X 10

8-4

7-4

6-7

8-2

7-2

6-5

7-7

6-8

6-0

4-2 X 12

9-8

8-6

7-8

9-5

8-3

7-5

8-10

7-9

7-0

Roof, ceiling,
and two dear-
span floors

2-2x4

2-1

1-8

1-6

2-0

1-8

1-5

2-0

1-8

1-5

2-2x6

3-1

2-8

2-4

3-0

2-7

2-3

2-11

2-7

2-3

2-2x8

3-10

3-4

3-0

3-10

3-4

2-11

3-9

3-3

2-11

2-2 X 10

4-9

4-1

3-8

4-8

4-0

3-7

4-7

4-0

3-6

2-2 X 12

5-6

4-9

4-3

5-5

4-8

4-2

5-4

4-7

4-1

3-2x8

4-10

4-2

3-9

4-9

4-1

3-8

4-8

4-1

3-8

3-2 X 10

5-11

5-1

4-7

5-10

5-0

4-6

5-9

4-11

4-5

3-2 X 12

6-10

5-11

5-4

6-9

5-10

5-3

6-8

5-9

5-2

4-2x8

5-7

4-10

4-4

5-6

4-9

4-3

5-5

4-8

4-2

4-2 X 10

6-10

5-11

5-3

6-9

5-10

5-2

6-7

5-9

5-1

4-2 X 12

7-11

6-10

6-2

7-9

6-9

6-0

7-8

6-8

5-11

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. Spans are given in feet and inches.

b. No. 1 or better grade lumber shall be used for southern pine. Other tabulated values assume #2 grade lumber.

c. Building width is measured perpendicular to the ridge. For widths between those shown, spans are permitted to be interpolated.

d. NJ = Number of jack studs required to support each end. Where the number of required jack studs equals one, the header is permitted to be supported by an
approved framing anchor attached to the full-height wall stud and to the header.

e. Use 30 psf ground snow load for cases in which ground snow load is less than 30 psf and the roof live load is equal to or less than 20 psf.

222

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.7(2)

GIRDER SPANS^ AND HEADER SPANS^ FOR INTERIOR BEARING WALLS
(Maximum spans for Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, southern pine and spruce-pine-fir*’ and required number of jack studs)

HEADERS AND
GIRDERS
SUPPORTING

SIZE

BUILDING Wldth°(feet)

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

Span

NJ"

One floor only

2-2x4

3-1

2-8

2-5

2-2x6

4-6

3-11

3-6

2-2x8

5-9

5-0

4-5

2-2 X 10

7-0

6-1

5-5

2-2 X 12

8-1

7-0

6-3

3-2x8

7-2

6-3

5-7

3-2 X 10

8-9

7-7

6-9

3-2 X 12

10-2

8-10

7-10

4-2x8

9-0

7-8

6-9

4-2 X 10

10-1

8-9

7-10

4-2 X 12

11-9

10-2

9-1

Two floors

2-2x4

2-2

1-10

1-7

2-2x6

3-2

2-9

2-5

2-2x8

4-1

3-6

3-2

2-2 X 10

4-11

4-3

3-10

2-2 X 12

5-9

5-0

4-5

3-2x8

5-1

4-5

3-11

3-2 X 10

6-2

5-4

4-10

3-2 X 12

7-2

6-3

5-7

4-2x8

6-1

5-3

4-8

4-2 X 10

7-2

6-2

5-6

4-2 X 12

8-4

7-2

6-5

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Spans are given in feet and inches.

b. No. 1 or better grade lumber shall be used for southern pine. Other tabulated values assume #2 grade lumber.

c. Building width is measured perpendicular to the ridge. For widths between those shown, spans are permitted to be interpolated.

I **

TABLE R602.7(3)

GIRDER AND HEADER SPANS® FOR OPEN PORCHES
(Maximum span for Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, southern pine and spruce-pine-fir*^)

SIZE

SUPPORTING ROOF

SUPPORTING FLOOR

GROUND SNOW LOAD (psf)

DEPTH OF PORCH' (feet)

2 - 2 x 6

7-6

5-8

6-2

4-8

5-4

4-0

6-4

4-9

2 - 2 x 8

10-1

7-7

8-3

6-2

7-1

5-4

8-5

6-4

2-2 X 10

12-4

9-4

10-1

7-7

8-9

6-7

10-4

7-9

2-2 X 12

14-4

10-10

11-8

8-10

10-1

7-8

11-11

9-0

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.

a. Spans are given in feet and inches.

b. Tabulated values assume #2 grade lumber, wet service and incising for refractory species. Use 30 psf ground snow load for cases in which ground snow load
is less than 30 psf and the roof live load is equal to or less than 20 psf.

c. Porch depth is measured horizontally from building face to centerline of the header. For depths between those shown, spans are permitted to be interpolated.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

223

WALL CONSTRUCTION

FIGURE R602.7.1(1)

SINGLE MEMBER HEADER IN EXTERIOR BEARING WALL

FIGURE R602.7.1(2)

ALTERNATIVE SINGLE MEMBER HEADER WITHOUT CRIPPLE

For SI: 25.4 mm = 1 inch.

FIGURE R602.7.2

RIM BOARD HEADER CONSTRUCTION

224

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.7.3

MAXIMUM SPANS FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL BOX HEADERS^

HEADER CONSTRUCTION”

HEADER DEPTH
(inches)

HOUSE DEPTH (feet)

Wood structural panel-one side

Wood structural panel-both

sides

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

a. Spans are based on single story with dear-span trussed roof or two story with floor and roof supported by interior-bearing walls.

b. See Figure R602.7.3 for construction details.

CRIPPLE'' TOP PLATE^

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

NOTES:

a. The top and bottom plates shall be continuous at header location.

b. Jack studs shall be used for spans over 4 feet.

c. Cripple spacing shall be the same as for studs.

d. Wood structural panel faces shall be single pieces of ^V 32 -inch-thick Exposure 1 (exterior glue) or thicker, installed on the interior or exterior or both sides of
the header.

e. Wood structural panel faces shall be nailed to framing and cripples with 8d common or galvanized box nails spaced 3 inches on center, staggering alternate
nails V 2 inch. Galvanized nails shall be hot-dipped or tumbled.

FIGURE R602.7.3

TYPICAL WOOD STRUCTURAL PANEL BOX HEADER CONSTRUCTION

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

225

WALL CONSTRUCTION

BWLA SPACING BWL B SPACING BWLC

TYPICAL UPPER FLOOR BRACED WALL PLAN

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R602.10.1.1
BRACED WALL LINES

TABLE R602.10.1.3
BRACED WALL LINE SPACING

APPLICATION

CONDITION

BUILDING TYPE

BRACED WALL LINE SPACING CRITERIA

Maximum Spacing

Exception to Maximum Spacing

Wind bracing

Ultimate design
wind speed 100 mph
to < 140 mph

Detached,

townhouse

60 feet

None

Seismic bracing

SDC A-C

Detached

Use wind bracing

SDC A - B

Townhouse

Use wind bracing

SDCC

Townhouse

35 feet

Up to 50 feet when length of required bracing per
Table R602. 10.3(3) is adjusted in accordance with
Table R602. 10.3(4).

SDC D„, Dj,

Detached,
townhouses, one-
and two-story only

25 feet

Up to 35 feet to allow for a single room not to
exceed 900 square feet. Spacing of all other braced
wall lines shall not exceed 25 feet.

SDC D„, Dj, Dj

Detached,

townhouse

25 feet

Up to 35 feet when length of required bracing per
Table R602. 10.3(3) is adjusted in accordance with
Table R602. 10.3(4).

For SI: I foot = 304.8 mm, I square foot = 0.0929 m^, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

R602.10.2.2.1 Location of braced wall panels in
Seismic Design Categories D^, Dj and D^. Braced
wall panels shall be located at each end of a braced
wall line.

Exception: Braced wall panels constructed of
Method WSP or BV-WSP and continuous sheath-
ing methods as specified in Section R602.10.4 shall
be permitted to begin not more than 10 feet (3048
mm) from each end of a braced wall line provided
each end complies with one of the following:

1. A minimum 24-inch- wide (610 mm) panel
for Methods WSP, CS-WSP, CS-G and

CS-PF is applied to each side of the build-
ing corner as shown in End Condition 4 of
Figure R602. 10.7.

2. The end of each braced wall panel closest
to the end of the braced wall line shall
have an 1,800 lb (8 kN) hold-down device
fastened to the stud at the edge of the
braced wall panel closest to the corner and
to the foundation or framing below as
shown in End Condition 5 of Figure
R602.10.7.

226

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

R602.10.2.3 Minimum number of braced wall pan-
els. Braced wall lines with a length of 16 feet
(4877 mm) or less shall have not less than two braced
wall panels of any length or one braced wall panel
equal to 48 inches (1219 mm) or more. Braced wall
lines greater than 16 feet (4877 mm) shall have not less
than two braced wall panels.

R602.10.3 Required length of bracing. The required
length of bracing along each braced wall line shall be
determined as follows:

1. All buildings in Seismic Design Categories A and B
shall use Table R602. 10.3(1) and the applicable
adjustment factors in Table R602. 10.3(2).

2. Detached buildings in Seismic Design Category C
shall use Table R602. 10.3(1) and the applicable
adjustment factors in Table R602. 10.3(2).

3. Townhouses in Seismic Design Category C shall use
the greater value determined from Table
R602.10.3(l) or R602.10.3(3) and the applicable
adjustment factors in Table R602. 10.3(2) or
R602. 10.3(4), respectively.

4. All buildings in Seismic Design Categories D^, Dj
and Dj shall use the greater value determined from
Table R602.10.3(l) or R602.10.3(3) and the appli-
cable adjustment factors in Table R602. 10.3(2) or
R602. 10.3(4), respectively.

Only braced wall panels parallel to the braced wall line
shall contribute toward the required length of bracing of
that braced wall line. Braced wall panels along an angled
wall meeting the minimum length requirements of Tables
R602.10.5 and R602. 10.5.2 shall be permitted to contrib-
ute its projected length toward the minimum required
length of bracing for the braced wall line as shown in Fig-
ure R602.10.1.4. Any braced wall panel on an angled wall
at the end of a braced wall line shall contribute its pro-
jected length for only one of the braced wall lines at the
projected corner.

Exception: The length of wall bracing for dwellings in
Seismic Design Categories D^, Dj and D 2 with stone or
masonry veneer installed in accordance with Section
R703.8 and exceeding the first-story height shall be in
accordance with Section R602. 10.6.5.

R602.10.4 Construction methods for braced wall pan-
els. Intermittent and continuously sheathed braced wall
panels shall be constructed in accordance with this section
and the methods listed in Table R602.10.4.

R602.10.4.1 Mixing methods. Mixing of bracing
methods shall be permitted as follows:

1. Mixing intermittent bracing and continuous
sheathing methods from story to story shall be
permitted.

2. Mixing intermittent bracing methods from braced
wall line to braced wall line within a story shall be
permitted. In regions within Seismic Design Cate-
gories A, B and C where the ultimate design wind
speed is less than or equal to 130 mph (58 m/s).

mixing of intermittent bracing and continuous
sheathing methods from braced wall line to
braced wall line within a story shall be permitted.

3. Mixing intermittent bracing methods along a
braced wall line shall be permitted in Seismic
Design Categories A and B, and detached dwell-
ings in Seismic Design Category C, provided the
length of required bracing in accordance with
Table R602. 10.3(1) or R602. 10.3(3) is the high-
est value of all intermittent bracing methods
used.

4. Mixing of continuous sheathing methods CS-
WSP, CS-G and CS-PF along a braced wall line
shall be permitted. Intermittent methods ABW,
PFH and PFG shall be permitted to be used along
a braced wall line with continuous sheathed
methods.

5. In Seismic Design Categories A and B, and for
detached one- and two-family dwellings in Seis-
mic Design Category C, mixing of intermittent
bracing methods along the interior portion of a
braced wall line with continuous sheathing meth-
ods CS-WSP, CS-G and CS-PF along the exterior
portion of the same braced wall line shall be per-
mitted. The length of required bracing shall be
the highest value of all intermittent bracing meth-
ods used in accordance with Table R602. 10.3(1)
or R602. 10.3(3) as adjusted by Tables
R602. 10.3(2) and R602. 10.3(4), respectively.
The requirements of Section R602.10.7 shall
apply to each end of the continuously sheathed
portion of the braced wall line.

R602. 10.4.2 Continuous sheathing methods. Contin-
uous sheathing methods require structural panel sheath-
ing to be used on all sheathable surfaces on one side of
a braced wall line including areas above and below
openings and gable end walls and shall meet the
requirements of Section R602.10.7.

R602.10.4.3 Braced wall panel interior finish mate-
rial. Braced wall panels shall have gypsum wall board
installed on the side of the wall opposite the bracing
material. Gypsum wall board shall be not less than Vj
inch (12.7 mm) in thickness and be fastened with nails
or screws in accordance with Table R602.3(l) for exte-
rior sheathing or Table R702.3.5 for interior gypsum
wall board. Spacing of fasteners at panel edges for
gypsum wall board opposite Method LIB bracing shall
not exceed 8 inches (203 mm). Interior finish material
shall not be glued in Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj
and Dj.

Exceptions:

1 . Interior finish material is not required opposite
wall panels that are braced in accordance with
Methods GB, BV-WSP, ABW, PFH, PFG and
CS-PF, unless otherwise required by Section
R302.6.

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

227

WALL CONSTRUCTION

2. An approved interior finish material with an
in-plane shear resistance equivalent to gypsum
board shall be permitted to be substituted,
unless otherwise required by Section R302.6.

3. Except for Method LIB, gypsum wall board is
permitted to be omitted provided the required
length of bracing in Tables R602. 10.3(1) and
R602. 10.3(3) is multiplied by the appropriate
adjustment factor in Tables R602. 10.3(2) and
R602. 10.3(4), respectively, unless otherwise
required by Section R302.6.

R602.10.5 Minimum length of a braced wall panel. The

minimum length of a braced wall panel shall comply with
Table R602.10.5. For Methods CS-WSP and CS-SFB, the
minimum panel length shall be based on the adjacent clear
opening height in accordance with Table R602.10.5 and
Figure R602. 10.5. Where a panel has an opening on either
side of differing heights, the taller opening height shall be
used to determine the panel length.

R602.10.5.1 Contributing length. For purposes of
computing the required length of bracing in Tables
R602. 10.3(1) and R602. 10.3(3), the contributing length
of each braced wall panel shall be as specified in Table
R602.10.5.

R602.10.5.2 Partial credit. For Methods DWB, WSP,
SFB, PBS, PCP and HPS in Seismic Design Categories
A, B and C, panels between 36 inches and 48 inches
(914 mm and 1219 mm)) in length shall be considered a
braced wall panel and shall be permitted to partially
contribute toward the required length of bracing in
Tables R602.10.3(l) and R602.10.3(3), and the contrib-
uting length shall be determined from Table
R602.10.5.2.

R602.10.6 Construction of Methods ABW, PFH, PFG,
CS-PF and BV-WSP. Methods ABW, PFH, PFG, CS-PF
and BV-WSP shall be constructed as specified in Sections
R602.10.6.1 through R602.10.6.5.

R602.10.6.1 Method ABW: Alternate braced wall
panels. Method ABW braced wall panels shall be con-
structed in accordance with Figure R602. 10.6.1. The
hold-down force shall be in accordance with Table
R602.10.6.1.

R602.10.6.2 Method PFH: Portal frame with hold-
downs. Method PFH braced wall panels shall be con-
structed in accordance with Figure R602. 10.6.2.

R602.10.6.3 Method PFG: Portal frame at garage
door openings in Seismic Design Categories A, B

and C. Where supporting a roof or one story and a
roof, a Method PFG braced wall panel constructed in
accordance with Figure R602. 10.6.3 shall be permitted
on either side of garage door openings.

R602.10.6.4 Method CS-PF: Continuously sheathed
portal frame. Continuously sheathed portal frame
braced wall panels shall be constructed in accordance
with Figure R602. 10.6.4 and Table R602. 10.6.4. The
number of continuously sheathed portal frame panels in
a single braced wall line shall not exceed four.

R602.10.6.5 Wall bracing for dwellings with stone
and masonry veneer in Seismic Design Categories

Dj, Dj and D^. Where stone and masonry veneer are
installed in accordance with Section R703.8, wall brac-
ing on exterior braced wall lines and braced wall lines
on the interior of the building, backing or perpendicular
to and laterally supporting veneered walls shall comply
with this section.

Where dwellings in Seismic Design Categories Dg,
Dj and Dj have stone or masonry veneer installed in
accordance with Section R703.8, and the veneer does
not exceed the first-story height, wall bracing shall be
in accordance with Section R602.10.3.

Where detached one- or two-family dwellings in
Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj and D 2 have stone or
masonry veneer installed in accordance with Section
R703.8, and the veneer exceeds the first-story height,
wall bracing at exterior braced wall lines and braced
wall lines on the interior of the building shall be con-
structed using Method BV-WSP in accordance with
this section and Figure R602. 10.6.5. Cripple walls shall
not be permitted, and required interior braced wall lines
shall be supported on continuous foundations.

Townhouses in Seismic Design Categories Dg, Dj
and Dj with stone or masonry veneer exceeding the
first-story height shall be designed in accordance with
accepted engineering practice.

R602.10.6.5.1 Length of bracing. The length of
bracing along each braced wall line shall be the
greater of that required by the ultimate design wind
speed and braced wall line spacing in accordance
with Table R602. 10.3(1) as adjusted by the factors in
Table R602. 10.3(2) or the seismic design category
and braced wall line length in accordance with Table
R602. 10.6.5. Angled walls shall be permitted to be
counted in accordance with Section R602.10.1.4, and
braced wall panel location shall be in accordance
with Section R602. 10.2.2. Spacing between braced
wall lines shall be in accordance with Table
R602. 10. 1 .3. The seismic adjustment factors in Table
R602. 10.3(4) shall not be applied to the length of
bracing determined using Table R602. 10.6.5, except
that the bracing amount increase for braced wall line
spacing greater than 25 feet (7620 mm) in accordance
with Table R602.10.1.3 shall be required. The mini-
mum total length of bracing in a braced wall line,
after all adjustments have been taken, shall not be less
than 48 inches (1219 mm) total.

228

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

BRACED WALL LINE 1

PROJECTED

CORNER

PROJECTED LENGTH OF BRACING

NOTE: IF THE DIAGONAL WALL IS GREATER
THAN 8 FEET LONG, THEN IT MUST BE TREATED
AS A SEPARATE BRACED WALL LINE.

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

FIGURE R602.10.1.4
ANGLED WALLS

BRACED WALL
PAKEL

BRACED WALL
PANEL

FIGURE R602.1 0.2.2
LOCATION OF BRACED WALL PANELS

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

229

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.1 0.3(1)

BRACING REQUIREMENTS BASED ON WIND SPEED

. EXPOSURE CATEGORY B

• 30-FOOT MEAN ROOF HEIGHT

• 1 0-FOOT WALL HEIGHT

• 2 BRACED WALL LINES

Ultimate
Design Wind
Speed
(mph)

Story Location

Braced Wail
Line Spacing
(feet)

< no

< 115

"kT

" kT

"kT

MINIMUM TOTAL LENGTH (FEET) OF BRACED WALL PANELS
REQUIRED ALONG EACH BRACED WALL LINE°

Method LIB

3.5

6.0

8.5

11.5

14.0

16.5

11.5

16.5

21.5

26.5

31.5
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP

6.5

9.5

12.5

15.0

18.0

To”

12.5
18.0

23.5
29.0

34.5
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP
NP

Method GB

3.5

6.0

8.5

11.5

14.0

16.5

11.5

16.5

21.5

26.5

31.5

17.0

24.5

32.0

39.5

46.5

T ^

6.5

9.5

12.5

15.0

18.0

12.5
18.0

23.5

29.0

34.5

Too

18.5

27.0

35.0

43.0

51.0

Methods
DWB, WSP, SFB,
PBS, PCP, HPS,
BV-WSP, ABW, PFH,
PFC, CS-SFB”

A )

3.5

5.0

6.5

8.0

9.5
15

6.5

9.5

12.5

15.5
18.0
15
10.0

14.0

18.5

22.5

26.5
A )

3.5

5.5

7.0

9.0

10.5
40

7.5

10.5

13.5

16.5

20.0

T )

11.0

15.5
20.0

24.5
29.0

Methods
CS-WSP, CS-G,
CS-PF

L 5

3.0

4.5

5.5

7.0

8.0
10

5.5
8.0

10.5

13.0

15.5
45

8.5

12.0

15.5

19.0

23.0
10

3.5

4.5

6.0

7.5
9.0
15

6.5

9.0

11.5

14.0

17.0
10

9.0

13.0

17.0

21.0
25.0

(continued)

230

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.1 0.3(1)— continued
BRACING REQUIREMENTS BASED ON WIND SPEED

. EXPOSURE CATEGORY B

• 30-FOOT MEAN ROOF HEIGHT

• 1 0-FOOT WALL HEIGHT

• 2 BRACED WALL LINES

MINIMUM TOTAL LENGTH (FEET) OF BRACED WALL PANELS
REQUIRED ALONG EACH BRACED WALL LINE^

Methods

Ultimate Design

Braced Wall

DWB, WSP, SFB,

Methods

Wind Speed

Story Location

Line Spacing

Method LIB'’

Method GB

PBS, PCP, HPS,

CS-WSP, CS-G,

(mph)

(feet)

BV-WSP.ABW, PFH,

CS-PF

PFG, CS-SFB'

4.0

2.5

2.0

7.0

4.0

3.5

10.5

6.0

5.0

13.5

8.0

6.5

16.5

9.5

8.0

19.5

11.5

9.5

7.5

4.5

3.5

14.0

8.0

7.0

< 120

20.0

11.5

9.5

25.5

15.0

12.5

31.5

18.0

15.5

37.5

21.5

18.5

11.0

6.5

5.5

20.5

11.5

10.0

29.0

17.0

14.5

38.0

22.0

18.5

47.0

27.0

23.0

55.5

32.0

27.0

4.5

2.5

8.5

5.0

4.0

12.0

7.0

6.0

15.5

9.0

7.5

19.5

11.0

9.5

23.0

13.0

11.0

8.5

5.0

4.5

16.0

9.5

8.0

< 130

23.0

13.5

11.5

30.0

17.5

15.0

37.0

21.5

18.0

44.0

25.0

21.5

13.0

7.5

6.5

24.0

13.5

11.5

34.5

19.5

17.0

44.5

25.5

22.0

55.0

31.5

26.5

65.0

37.5

31.5

(continued)

2016 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

231

WALL CONSTRUCTION

TABLE R602.1 0.3(1)— continued
BRACING REQUIREMENTS BASED ON WIND SPEED

• EXPOSURE CATEGORY B

• 30-FOOT MEAN ROOF HEIGHT

• 1 0-FOOT WALL HEIGHT

• 2 BRACED WALL LINES

MINIMUM TOTAL LENGTH (FEET) OF BRACED WALL PANELS
REQUIRED ALONG EACH BRACED WALL LINE^

Methods

Ultimate Design

Braced Wail

DWB, WSP, SFB,

Methods

Wind Speed

Story Location

Line Spacing

Method LIB'’

Method GB

PBS, PCP, HPS,

CS-WSP, CS-G,

(mph)

(feet)

BV-WSP,ABW, PFH,

CS-PF

PFG, CS-SFB=

5.5

3.0

2.5

10.0

5.5

5.0

14.0

8.0

7.0

18.0

10.5

9.0

22.5

13.0

11.0

26.5

15.0

13.0

10.0

6.0

5.0

18.5

11.0

9.0

< 140

27.0

15.5

13.0

35.0

20.0

17.0

43.0

24.5

21.0

51.0

29.0

25.0

15.0

8.5

7.5

27.5

16.0

13.5

39.5

23.0

19.5

51.5

29.5

25.0

63.5

36.5

31.0

75.5

43.0

36.5

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.

b. Method LIB shall have gypsum board fastened to not less than one side with nails or screws in accordance with Table R602.3(l) for exterior sheathing or
Table R702.3.5 for interior gypsum board. Spacing of fasteners at panel edges shall not exceed 8 inches.

c. Where a braced wall line has parallel braced wall lines on one or both sides of differing dimensions, the average dimension shall be permitted to be used for
braced wall line spacing.

232

2016 CALIFO

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