HARDWOOD PLY\.
(Fourth Edition)
COMMERCIAL STANDARD CS35-49
[Supersedes CS35-47]
Effective Date for New Production From December 1, 1949
A RECORDED VOLUNTARY STANDARD
OF THE TRADE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
CHARLES SAWYER, Secretary
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D. C. - Price 10 cents
jMMODITY standards
S - 1 actice Recommendations and Commercial Standards
are developed by manufacturers, distributors, and users in cooperation
with the Commodity Standards Division of the National Bureau of
Standards. The purpose of Simplified Practice Recommendations is
to eliminate avoidable waste through the establishment of standards
of practice for stock sizes and varieties of specific commodities that
currently are in general production and demand. The purpose of
Commercial Standards is to establish standard methods of test, rat-
ing, certification, and labeling of commodities, and to provide uniform
bases for fair competition.
The adoption and use of a Simplified Practice Recommendation or
Commercial Standard is voluntary. However, when reference to a
Commercial Standard is made in contracts, labels, invoices, or adver-
tising literature, the provisions of the standard are enforceable through
usual legal channels as a part of the sales contract.
A Simplified Practice Recommendation or Commercial Standard
originates with the proponent industry. The sponsors may be manu-
facturers, distributors, or users of the specific product. One of these
three elements of industry submits to the Commodity Standards
Division the necessary data to be used as the basis for developing a
standard of practice. The Division, by means of assembled confer-
ences or letter referenda, or both, assists the sponsor group in arriving
at a tentative standard of practice and thereafter refers it to the other
elements of the same industry for approval or for constructive criticism
that will be helpful in making any necessary adjustments. The reg-
ular procedure of the Division assures continuous servicing of each
effective Simplified Practice Recommendation and Commercial
Standard, through review and revision, whenever, in the opinion of
the industry, changing conditions warrant such action. Simplified
Practice Recommendations and Commercial Standards are printed
and made available by the Department of Commerce, through the
Government Printing Office.
COMMERCIAL STANDARD FOR HARDWOOD PLYWOOD
On April 9, 1931, at the instance of the Plywood Manufacturers
Association, a general conference of representative manufacturers,
distributors, and users adopted a recommended commercial standard
for hardwood plywood, which was subsequently accepted in writing
by the trade, and published as Commercial Standard CS35-31. The
standard was revised in 1942 and 1947.
On September 12, 1949, with the approval of the standing commit-
tee, a revision of CS35-47, proposed by manufacturers of hardwood
plywood, was circulated to the trade for consideration and approval.
Those concerned have since accepted and approved the revised
standard as set forth herein.
Project Manager: J. W. Medley, Commodity Standards Division,
National Bureau of Standards.
Technical Adviser: V. B. Phelan, Building Technology Division,
National Bureau of Standards.
II
COMMERCIAL STANDARD CS35-49
for
HARDWOOD PLYWOOD
(Fourth Edition)
1. PURPOSE
1.1 These commercial standard rules are established to provide a
universal basis of common understanding in the hardwood plywood
industry. General adoption and use of this standard will facilitate
procurement of the proper type and grade of plywood for its varied
uses. Architects, engineers, contractors, and industrial users will be
able to specify their needs from nationally recognized types and grades,
and this should result in a better understanding between buyer and
seller.
2. SCOPE
2.1 This standard provides minimum specifications for four
standard types of hardwood plywood, based on the water resistance
and durability of the bond, in four standard grades. It covers tests,
densities, standard thicknesses, widths and lengths, tolerances, work-
manship, packing, inspection, grade marking and certification, method
of ordering, and nomenclature and definitions.
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Workmanship. — All plywood sold as of commercial standard
quality shall be well manufactured and free from blisters, wrinkles,
laps, or other defects not specifically permitted in the rules for the
various grades. Veneers shall be tight and smoothly cut, uniform in
thickness, and free from serious buckle.
3.2 Packing. — All commercial standard plywood shall be securely
packed to insure delivery in a clean and serviceable condition.
4. DETAIL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 There are many factors entering into the manufacture of the
different types of hardwood plywood, but since the quality of the ply-
wood is definitely limited by the construction and the adhesive used,
four standard types of hardwood plywood have been established as
set forth in table 1.
1
2
Commercial Standard CS35-Ii9
4.2 The specifications given in table 1 establish minimum require-
ments for each type of plywood; therefore, the majority of the panels
manufactured as of commercial standard quality will exceed these
minimum specifications.
Table 1. — Types of hardwood plywood
Limiting factors
Technical
Type I
Type II
Type III
Bond
Species or density of veneer
Grade of faces or face and back.
Grade of inner plies
Grade of lumber core
Edge joints
Fully water-
proof.
Specify
do
2 under 1
3 under 2.
None
No tape
Fully water-
proof.
Specify
do
2 or 3
None
No tape
Water-resist-
ant.
Specify
do
2 or 3
Specify
Tape
Dry bond.
Specify.
Do.
2 or 3.
Specify.
Tape.
Maximum veneer thickness, in inches:
High density
Medium density
Low density
Percentage of wood in face direction,..
Sanding
Tests
yi2
Mo
Ms
45 to 70
Specify
Cyclic wet
and dry.
Cyclic boil.
M'-
Me
M
No limit
Specify
Cyclic wet
and dry.
Cyclic boil.
No limit
do
do
do
Specify
Cold soak de-
lamination.
No limit;
Do.
Do.
Do.
Specify.
None.
4.3 Types of hardwood plywood.
4.3.1 Technical — jully waterproof bond. — The construction of this
type is designed to satisfy requirements where plywood may be
subjected to highly stressed conditions. The bond shall withstand
full weather and marine exposure and shall be unaffected by micro-
organisms. The bond shall be of such quality that specimens will
withstand the cyclic wet and dry test, and cyclic boil test described
in paragraphs 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.
4.3.2 Type I — fully waterproof bond. — The bond shall withstand
full weather exposure and shall be unaffected by micro-organisms.
The bond shall be of such quality that specimens will withstand the
cyclic wet and dry test, and cyclic boil test described in paragraphs
5.4.1 and 5.4.2.
4.3.3 Type II — water-resistant bond. — The bond shall retain
practically all of its strength when occasionally subjected to a thorough
wetting and drying. The bond shall be of such quality that specimens
will withstand the cold soak test described in paragraph 5.5.
4.3.4 Type III — dry bond. — The bond is suitable for use where it
will not be subjected to water, dampness, nor high humidities.
4.4 Densities. — Veneers are classified by density as follows:
High density
Medium density
Low density
Ash, commercial white.
Ash, black.
Basswood, American.
Beech, American.
Cherry, black.
Chestnut, American.
Birch, yellow, sweet.
Elm, American (white or
Cottonwood, eastern,
Elm, rock.
gray) .
black.
Maple, black (hard).
Gum, sweet.
Poplar, yellow.
Maple, sugar (hard).
Hackberry.
Willow, black.
Oak, commercial red.
Magnolia.
Hardwood Plywood
3
High density
Medium density
Low density
Oak, commercial white.
Pecan, commercial.
Mahogany, African.
Mahogany, American.
Maple, red (soft).
Maple, silver (soft).
New Guinea wood.
Oriental wood.
Paldao.
Prima Vera.
Sycamore.
Tupelo, water, black.
Walnut, American.
4.5 In determining density of other woods not mentioned above,
use a specific gravity of 0.56 and above for high density, 0.41 up to
and including 0.55 for medium density, and 0.40 and lower for low
density. These are to be based on the oven-dry weight of the wood
and the volume at 12-percent moisture content.
4.6 Grade of faces, hacks, and inner 'plies. — The grade designates
the quality of the face, back, or inner plies; and in grade 1 faces
(see table 2) it also designates the matching of veneer, unless other-
wise specified under the species.
4.7 Ash and Elm (rotary cut).
4.7.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for pleasing
effect. Small burls, pin knots, mineral streaks, discolorations, incon-
spicuous small patches, and sapwood shall be admitted. Knots other
than pin knots, worm holes, splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.7.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4. — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.8 Basswood (rotary cut).
4.8.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be made up entirely of
sapwood, tight side exposed, not matched. A few small burls, one
pin knot per 12-in. square, a few mineral streaks, and inconspicuous
small patches shall be admitted. Knots other than pin knots, dis-
colorations, worm holes, splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.8.2 Grades 2, 3, and J).. — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.9 Birch (rotary cut).
4.9.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be made up of tight,
smoothly cut veneer, unselected for uniformity of color, but matched
for pleasing effect. A few burls, one pin Imot per 12-in. square,
mineral streaks, slight discolorations, and inconspicuous small patches
shall be admitted. Knots other than pin knots, worm holes, splits,
and shake shall not be admitted.
4.9.2 Grades 2, 3, and f. — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.10 Gum, Tupelo, Magnolia, Bay, and Poplar (rotary cut —
unselected for color).
4.10.1 Grade 1 {Good).- — Each face shall be of tight, smoothly cut
veneer, unselected for uniformity of color, but matched for pleasing
4
Commercial Standard CS36-Jf9
effect. A few burls, two pin knots (average) per 12-in. square, mineral
streaks, slight discolorations, a few worm holes if inconspicuously
patched or hlled, and inconspicuous small patches shall be admitted.
Knots other than pin knots, cross breaks, splits, and shake shall not
be admitted.
4.10.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4. — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.11 Gum, Tupelo, Magnolia, Bay, and Poplar (rotary cut-
selected for color).
4.11.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be of tight, smoothly cut
veneer, selected for uniformity of color and matched for pleasing
effect. A few burls, two pin knots (average) per 12-in. square, mineral
streaks, slight discolorations, a few worm holes if inconspicuously
patched or hlled, and inconspicuous small patches shall be admitted.
Knots other than pin knots, cross breaks, splits, and shake shall not
be admitted.
4.11 .2 Grades 2, 2, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.12 Red Gum (quarter sliced).
4.12.1 Grade 1 (Good).- — ^Each face shall be made up of veneer
matched for color and grain at the joints. A few pin knots, sap wood
not to exceed 10 percent, and inconspicuous small patches shall be
admitted. Knots other than pin knots, burls, mineral streaks, dis-
colorations, worm holes, cross breaks, splits, and shake shall not be
admitted.
4.12.2 Grades 2, 3, and4> — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.13 Mahogany (rotary cut).
4.13.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall consist of one or more
pieces of veneer not matched for grain or color and with tight side
exposed. Burls, pin knots, a few small mineral or gum streaks, worm
holes if inconspicuously hlled or patched, and inconspicuous small
patches shall be admitted. Knots other than pin knots, discolora-
tions, cross breaks, splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.13.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and
table 3.
4.14 Mahogany (plain sliced or flat cut).
4.14.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. Burls, pin knots, a few small mineral or gum
streaks, worm holes if inconspicuously hlled or patched, and incon-
spicuous small patches shall be admitted. Knots other than pin knots,
discolorations, cross breaks, splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.14.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — ^See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and
table 3.
4.15 Mahogany (quarter sliced).
4.15.1 Grade 1 {Good)-. — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. A few small burls, a few pin knots and incon-
spicuous small patches, a few small mineral or gum streaks, and worm
holes, if hlled or patched, shall be admitted. Knots other than pin
knots, discolorations, cross breaks, splits, and shake shall not be
admitted.
Hardwood Plywood 5
4.15.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4^ — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and
table 3.
4.16 Maple (rotary cut).
4.16.1 Grade 1 {Good). — ^Each face shall be matched for pleasing
effect. A few small burls and bird’s-eyes, a few pin knots, occasional
small mineral streaks, slight discolorations, and inconspicuous small
patches shall be admitted. Knots other than pin knots, worm holes,
splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.16.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — ^See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and
table 3.
4.17 Maple, Selected White (rotary cut).
4.17.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for pleasing
effect to show uniform white color throughout. A few small burls and
bird’s-eyes, a few pin knots, occasional small mineral streaks, slight
discolorations, and inconspicuous small patches shall be admitted.
Knots other than pin knots, worm holes, splits, and shake shall not
be admitted.
4.17.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.18 New Guinea Wood (quarter sliced).
4.18.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. Burls, pin knots not exceeding two per 12-in.
square, inconspicuous small patches, worm holes if filled or patched,
and sapwood not exceeding 10 percent shall be admitted. Knots other
than pin knots, mineral streaks, discolorations, cross breaks, splits,
and shake shall not be admitted.
4.18.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.19 Oak, Red and White (rotary cut).
4.19.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be made of tight, smoothly
cut veneer matched for pleasing effect. Burls, pin knots, slight min-
eral streaks and discolorations, inconspicuous small patches and sap-
wood shall be admitted. Knots other than pin knots, worm holes,
splits, cross breaks, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.19.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.20 Oak, Red and White (half-round and plain sliced or flat cut).
4.20.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. A few small burls, slight mineral streaks and
discolorations, pin knots not exceeding two per 12-in. square, incon-
spicuous small patches, and sapwood not to exceed 10 percent shall be
admitted. Knots other than pin knots, worm holes, splits, and shake
shall not be admitted.
4.20.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.21 Oak, White (quarter sliced or sawn, and comb-grain sliced or
sawn).
4.21.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. A few small burls, a few pin knots, mineral
streaks not exceeding }^2 in. by 4 in. or Ke in. by 2 in., and not more
than one per 12-in. square, and inconspicuous small patches shall be
6
Commercial Standard CS 35-1^9
admitted. Sapwood, knots other than pin knots, discolorations, worm
holes, splits, broken flake, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.21.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.22 Oriental Wood (quarter sliced).
4.22.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. Burls, pin knots not exceeding two per 12-in.
square, inconspicuous small patches, worm holes if filled or patched,
and sapwood not exceeding 10 percent shall be admitted. Knots
other than pin knots, mineral streaks, discolorations, cross breaks,
splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.22.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — Sen paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3,
4.23 Paldao (quarter sliced).
4.23.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. Burls, pin knots not exceeding two per 12-in.
square, inconspicuous small patches, worm holes if filled or patched,
and sapwood not exceeding 10 percent shall be admitted. Knots
other than pin knots, mineral streaks, discolorations, cross breaks,
splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.23.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.24 Prima Vera (quarter sliced).
4.24.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. Burls, a few pin knots, worm holes if filled or
patched, inconspicuous small patches, and sapwood shall be admitted.
Knots other than pin knots, mineral streaks, discolorations, cross
breaks, splits, and shake shall not be admitted.
4.24.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.25 Walnut (rotary cut).
4.25.1 Grade 1 ((rood).— Each face shall be matched for pleasing
effect. Burls, pin knots, slight discolorations, inconspicuous small
patches, and sapwood shall be admitted. Knots other than pin
knots, mineral streaks, worm holes, splits, and shake shall not be
admitted.
4.25.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4. — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.26 Walnut (half-round and plain sliced or fiat cut).
4.26.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. Burls, pin knots not exceeding two per 12-in.
square (average), inconspicuous small patches, and sapwood not
exceeding 10 percent shall be admitted. Knots other than pin knots,
mineral streaks, discolorations, worm holes, splits, and shake shall
not be admitted.
4.26.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4. — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
4.27 Walnut (quarter sliced).
4.27.1 Grade 1 {Good). — Each face shall be matched for color and
grain at the joints. Pin knots not exceeding two per 12-in. square
(^average), a few small cross bars, inconspicuous small patches, and
sapwood not exceeding 10 percent shall be admitted. Knots other
than pin knots, mineral streaks, discolorations, worm holes, splits,
and shake shall not be admitted.
4.27.2 Grades 2, 3, and 4- — See paragraphs 4.28 to 4.31, and table 3.
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8
Commercial Standard CS35-J^9
4.28 Grade 2.
4.28.1 Grade 2 applies to all species and is not matched for color
or grain. The faces, backs, and inner plies shall be free from open
defects to provide a sound, smooth surface. Veneer containing brash-
ness, shake, doze, or any other form of decay is not permitted. Min-
eral streaks, stain, discoloration, patches, and sapwood shall not be
considered defects. Permissible defects may appear singularly (one
type only) or as a combination of more than one type. When more
than one type of defect is present, their total limitation, computed
according to the equivalent defects given in paragraphs 4.31.1 and
4.31.2, shall not exceed the limit specified for any one type.
4.28.2 Alloirahle dejects.
(a) Sound tight knots: No single knot shall exceed % in. in
average diameter. The sum of the diameters of the
knots in any 12-in. square shall not exceed % in.
(b) Sound tight burls: A burl shall be considered equal to a
knot of one-half of the diameter of the burl. No
single burl shall exceed % in. in average diameter.
The sum of the diameters of the burls in any 12-in.
square shall not exceed I/2 in.
(c) Splits and open joints: Splits and open joints not ex-
ceeding in. in width are permitted.
(d) Worm holes: Inconspicuous patched or filled worm holes
are allowed. Pinworm holes are permitted.
4.29 Grade 3.
4.29.1 Grade 3 applies to all species and is not matched for color
or grain. This grade may have the same permissible defects as grade 2
and, in addition, defects as described in paragraph 4.29.2. Veneer
containing brashness, shake, doze, or any other form of decay is not
permitted. Mineral streaks, stain, discoloration, patches, and sap-
wood shall not be considered defects. Permissible defects may
appear singularly (one type only) or as a combination of more than
one type. When more than one type of defect is present, their total
limitation, computed according to equivalent defects given in para-
graphs 4.31.1 and 4.31.2, shall not exceed the limit specified for any
one type.
4.29.2 Allowable dejects. — The following defects, in addition to
those permitted in grade 2, are acceptable in grade 3:
(a) Sound tight knots: No single knot shall exceed % in. in
average diameter. The sum of the diameters of the
knots in any 12-in. square shall not exceed IK in.
(b) Sound tight burls: A burl shall be considered equal to a
knot of one-half of the diameter of the burl. No
single burl shall exceed Vj in. in diameter. The sum
of the diameters of the burls in any 12-in. square
shall not exceed 3 in.
(c) Knotholes: No single knothole shall exceed % in. in
average diameter. The sum of the diameters of the
knotholes in any 12-in. square shall not exceed
1/2 .
(d) Worm holes: No single worm hole shall exceed 2 in. in
length along the grain, jg in. in diameter, nor cut
across the grain more than % in. The sum of their
i Hardwood Ply wood Q
I widths across the grain shall not exceed IK in. Pin-
worm holes are not considered defects.
(e) Splits or open joints: Splits or open joints may extend
the full length of the panel but shall not occur more
frequently than two in any 12-in. width. The width
not to exceed Ke in. for veneer Ke in. and thinner, and
I for veneer over Ke in. in thickness, the width shall
I not exceed the thickness of the veneer.
(f) Cross breaks: Cross breaks are permitted.
(g) Gum spots and bark pockets: The area of any gum spot
or bark pocket shall be not more than }i sq. in. In
I any 12-in. square the sum of the areas shall not
|| exceed 1 sq. in. Pockets shall be not closer than 24
in. on the same or adjacent grain lines.
4.30 Grade j {reject).
4.30.1 Grade 4 (reject) applies to all species and may contain any
amount of brash wood, shake, compression failures, doze, nonopen
defects, and loose or rough cutting. Open knotholes shall be limited
to V/i in. in diameter, and the sum of their diameters in any 12-in.
! square shall not exceed 3 in. Splits shall not exceed K in. in width,
f but may extend the full length of the panel.
Table 3. — Summary of characteristics and defects permitted in Grades 2, 3, and 4
veneers
Defects
Grade 2 i
Grade 3 i
Grade 4 i
Sound tight knots. __ ___
Max diam, % in.
Max diam, % in.
Yes.
Sound tight burls. _ ... . _ _
Sum diam, % in. in
any sq ft.
Max diam, % in.
Sum diam, 1 H in. in
any sq ft.
Max diam, IH hi.
Do.
Mineral streaks. . ...
Sum diam, Uiin. in
any sq ft.
Yes
Sum diam, 3 in. in
any sq ft.
Yes .
Do.
Discolorations. .
do . - . .
- -do .. - - --
Do.
Knotholes
No.
Max diam, % *in.
Sum diam, 1 H in. in
any sq ft.
Max Vs in. diam by 2
Max diam, 1 H in. Sum
diam, 3 in. in any sq
ft.
Yes.
Wormholes . .. .
Filled or patched if
Splits or open joints .
Cross breaks.. . _ ...
over He in. in diam.
H4 in
No .
in. (See par. 4.29.2
(d) .)
Yes. (See par. 4.29.2
(e) .)
Yes
H in. in width by full
length.
Yes.
Patches ..... . ..
Yes ..
do -- - -
Do.
Sapwood..
. do. . ...
do
Do.
Gum spots and bark pockets
No
Max area, H sq in.
Do.
Brashness, shake, doze, and
do
Sum of areas, 1 sq
in. in any sq ft.
No
Do.
decay.
1 Defects permitted in Grade 1 (Good) shall be admitted in lower grades.
4.31 Equivalent dejects.
4.31.1 Each of the following shall be regarded, with respect to its
effect, as the equivalent of one %-in. sound knot:
One %-in. knothole.
One %-in. sound tight burl.
One worm hole % in. in diameter by 2 in. in length that cuts across
the grain % in.
One gum spot, with the product of the length and width equal to
Yi sq. in.
10
Commercial Standard CS35-Jf,9
One bark pocket with the product of the length and width equal
to sq. in.
One split or open joint 12 in. in length and Ke in. in width.
4.31.2 Each of the following shall be regarded, with respect to its
effect, as the equivalent of two %-in. sound knots:
One %-in. sound knot.
One iK-in. sound burl.
One split or open joint 12 in. in length and in. in width.
4.32 Grade of lumber core. — The grade designates the quality of the
lumber core and banding requirements, as follows:
4.32.1 Clear. — A core of any wood, unless otherwise specifically
designated, with any type of tight-glued joint and random width full-
length strips. The maximum width of the strips shall be such that
warping tendencies are minimized, and it shall be based on the density
of the species,^ straightness of grain, and arrangement of strips with
a view to well-balanced stresses. Discolorations shall be admitted,
but the wood shall be clear of defects. Mixing of species is not
permitted.
4.32.2 Regular. — Same specifications as for ‘^Clear” core, but in
addition to discolorations, the following are admitted: Sound knots,
open defects if securely patched or filled, and butt-joints other than
at the edges. Brashness, doze, and mixed species are not permitted.
4.32.3 Clear edge. — A core of ‘‘Regular” grade with edges clear of
defects to permit shaping or molding to a depth of 1^ in. on all edges.
4.32.4 Banded. — A core of any wood, unless otherwise specifically
designated, in either “Clear” or “Regular” grade as may be specified,
provided with bands to finish net width, as specified, clear of any
defect that may prevent required shaping or molding. The purchaser
may specify any suitable wood or woods for banded cores. Banded
cores may be specified as follows:
Any designated wood:
BIE Banded one end.
B2E Banded two ends.
BIS Banded one side.
B2S Banded two sides.
B3 Banded two ends and one side.
B2S1E Banded two sides and one end.
B4 Banded two sides and two ends.
4.32.5 Mitred bands or any construction requiring bands other
than those described above are to be considered special banded cores,
and complete details should appear in the specifications.
4.33 Edge joints.
4.33.1 In Technical type and Type I, no tape shall be permitted in
the glue line.
4.33.2 In Types II and III, tape is permitted; however, tape on
faces and backs must be exposed.
4.34 Construction.
4.34.1 Maximum thickness oj veneer {all-veneer construction). — This
is governed by the type of plywood desired and the density of the
1 The following maximum widths of strips are recommended; High density, 3 in.; medium density, 3}-^
in.; and low density, 4 in.
Hardwood Plywood
Table 4. — Maximum thickness of veneer
11
Technical
type
Type I
Type II
Type III
High density -
in.
M2
Mo
H
in.
Vs
Vie
M
No limit
No limit.
Do.
Do.
Medium density __ _
do
Low density - - - .
do
i individual ply. Table 4 specifies the maximum thickness of veneer
permitted in the four types of commercial standard hardwood plywood,
i 4.34.2 Percentage of veneer in face direction. — For the Technical
type, the total thickness of veneer running in the same direction as
the face is limited to 45 to 70 percent of the total panel thickness.
This factor helps to govern the stiffness and stability of the panel.
For the other three types there are no limits.
4.34.3 Number of plies. — This is dependent upon the density and
maximum thickness of the veneer, the percentage of veneer in the face
direction, the stiffness and stability desired.
4.34.4 Lumber-core construction. — ^Lumber-core plywood is gener-
ally used in the manufacture of case goods and for interiors. It is
not intended for use where exposed to weather or water. Under
severe humidity conditions it may be necessary to use the type of
adhesives required in fully waterproof plywood to overcome the prob-
lem of micro-organisms, though normally commercial standard lumber-
core plywood is manufactured to meet the requirements set up in the
‘‘minimum specifications” for Types II and III only. In lumber-core
construction, the core or central layer is of lumber usually edge-glued
together from narrow strips. Lumber cores are usually % in. or more
in thickness, and provision can be made for machining the edges.
When exposure requirements are high, all-veneer construction, often
7-, 9-, or 11-ply, to equal the thickness of standard lumber-core ply-
wood is suggested.
4.34.5 Standard construction. — In general, plywood shall be con-
structed with an odd number of plies. All interior plies, except the
core or center ply, shall occur in pairs, and the two plies of each pair
shall be of the same species, thickness, and direction of grain, but
placed on opposite sides of the core. The grain of all plies shall be at
right angles to the grain of the adjacent plies and to the ends and edges
of the panel. Construction other than the above is considered special
construction.
4.35 Sanding. — The type of sanding required and number of sur-
faces to be sanded shall be specified by the purchaser.
4.35.1 No sanding. — Surfaces need not be sanded nor tape removed.
4.35.2 Rough sanding. — Sanding hit-and-miss. Tape removal not
required.
4.35.3 Regular sanding. — Surfaces shall be sanded clean and free
of tape. Sander streaks considered no defect.
4.35.4 Polish sanding. — Surfaces shall be clean and sanded to a
polish. Sander streaks shall be considered defects.
12
Co mine r cial Standard CSS5-J^9
FIVE-PLY CONSTRUCTION WITH SAWN LUMBER
CORE AND BANDING OR RAILING.
Figure 1. — Plywood construction.
Hardwood Plywood
13
5. TESTS 2
5.1 The manufacturer shall, at the purchaser’s request, certify that
the panels furnished on the purchaser’s order will pass the tests set up
in the commercial standard for the particular type or types of hardwood
plywood involved. If, in lieu of the certification, the purchaser re»
quires that tests be made, the appropriate standard procedure, as
given in paragraphs 5.2 to 5.7, shall be used.
5.2 Sampling. — Samples shall be taken at random from 1 percent
of the panels in any shipment, but not less than 5 and not more than 10
panels shall be selected. A test piece shall be cut from each end ap-
proximately at midwidth of the panel, and from each edge approxi-
mately at midlength of the panel, and a fifth piece shall be cut from
near the center of the panel. Each piece shall be of sufficient size to
provide the required number of test specimens as set forth for the
specified type. Purchaser must accept the panels from which test
pieces are taken unless the specified tests prove them defective.
5.3 Shear test. — Shear tests shall be conducted on specimens of the
form shown in figure 2. The ends of the specimen shall be gripped in
jaws of the type shown in figure 3, and the load applied at a rate of
600 to 1,000 pounds a minute. Plywood consisting of more than three
plies shall be stripped of all except any three selected plies, and then
prepared as shown in figure 2. In plywood with face plies thicker
than Ko in., the shear area shall be 1 sq in., as shown in figure 2,
specimen A. Specimens of plywood with face plies in. or less in
thickness shall be of the form shown in figure 2, specimen B, in which
the shear area shall be reduced, without changing the width of the
specimen, to }i sq in. Test machine loads obtained from specimens,
of K sq in. shear area shall be multiplied by 2, to convert to pounds
per square inch, then reduced by 10 percent before comparing with
the reauirements set forth in tables 5 and 6.
5.4 Tests for fully waterproof bond (for Technical type and Type I
plywood) .
5.4.1 Cyclic wet and dry test.- — Five specimens of the form shown in
figure 2 shall be cut from each of the five test pieces from each sample
panel. The specimens shall be submerged in water at room tempera-
t
\"
i
1 1
ii
—
1
-t i''" >
- 1 ✓ w 1 1 — 1 w
^ 1 ^
1
r* 1 *■ 1 H 1
%
^ r* 14
T '/s'
_3k':
cur 2/3 THROUGH CORE CUT 2/3 THROUGH CORE
SPECIMEN A SPECIMEN B
Figure 2. — Plywood bond shear-test specimens.
2 Tests shall be made only when requested by the purchaser.
14
C oinmercial Standard 0835-^9
ture for 48 hr and dried for 8 hr at a temperature of 145° F (±5° F)
and then followed by two cycles of soaking for 16 hr and drying for 8
hr under conditions described above. The specimens shall then again
be soaked for a period of 16 hr and tested, while wet, in a shear test-
ing machine (as described in paragraph 5.3) to failure. Minimum
and average wood failure, based on the average strength of the speci-
mens, shall meet the requirements of table 5. The specimens shall also
meet the requirements for minimum shear values given in table 6, and
shall show no separation of plies at the glue line. If the number of
plies exceeds three, at least one-half of the test shall include the inner-
most joints.
Figure 3. — Testing jaws.
5.4.2 Cyclic boil test. — Five specimens of the form shown in figure
2 shall be cut from each of the five test pieces from each sample panel,
and the shear specimens shall be boiled in water for 4 hr and then dried
for 20 hr at a temperature of 145° F (±5° F). They shall then be
boiled again for 4 hr, cooled in water, and tested while wet. Speci-
mens shall meet the requirements of tables 5 and 6. There shall be no
separation of the plies at the glue line. If the number of plies exceeds
three, at least one-half of the test shall include the innermost joints.
Table 5. — Percentage of wood failure
Average shear strength
Minimum
wood
failure
Average
wood
failure
lblin.2
Percent
Percent
Under 250
25
50
250 to 350
10
30
Above 350 _ . . - .
10
15
Table 6. — Minimum shear values required for cyclic and hoil tests
Density of veneers
Strength (wet)
High
Z5/m.2
290
210
120
Medium.
Low ... . ... ... .... . _
5.5 Test Jor water-resistant bond (Jor Type II plywood) {cold soak
for delamination). — One specimen, 6 in. by 6 in., from each test piece
from each sample panel shall be submerged in water at room tempera-
Hardwood Plywood
15
ture for a period of 4 hours, and then dried at a temperature between
70° to 100° F for a period of 20 hours. The cycle shall be repeated,
after which the specimens must not show a visible delamination be-
tween any two layers of veneer totaling more than 2 in. in continuous
length and over % in. in depth at any point. When this test is applied
to lumber-core plywood, the bulk of the lumber core shall be cut
! away to eliminate the possiblity of delamination due to the expansive
j power of the thick core.
I 5.6 Dry bond (jor Type III plywood).- — No test required.
5.7 Interpretation of tests. — For Technical type and Type I ply-
wood, the average and minimum requirements, tables 5 and 6, apply
to the five specimens from each of the five test pieces. For Type II
plywood, the minimum test requirements apply to each of the test
pieces. Test specimens cut through localized defects permitted in
the grade or tape permitted in the type shall be discarded. If, on the
above basis, there is a failure of more than one test piece for any panel,
that panel shall be rejected, and five additional panels shall be selected
and tested under the conditions described. All five panels of this
second set must pass the required test.
6. STANDARD SIZES AND THICKNESSES
6.1 The standard sizes and thicknesses of finished hardwood ply-
wood shall be:
(a) Widths: 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 in. Tolerance ±%2 in.
(b) Lengths: 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 in. Tolerance ±%2 in.
(c) Thicknesses: %, Ke, Vi, %&, %, %, Wie, Vs, and 1 in. Tol-
erance: unsanded panels ±^2 in., sanded panels +0 in.,
— y32 in.
6.2 Commercial standard hardwood plywood panels shall be square
within he in., measured on the short dimension.
7. INSPECTION AND GRADE-MARKING
7. 1 Inspection. — All hardwood plywood guaranteed to conform to
this commercial standard is sold subject to inspection in the white
only, and prior to fabrication. Complaints regarding the quality of
any shipment must be made within 15 days from receipt thereof.
7.2 Grade-marking and certification. — In order to assure the pur-
chaser that he is getting hardwood plywood of the type and grade
specified, manufacturers may, individually or in concert with their
trade associations, issue certificates with each shipment or grade-
mark each panel as conforming to the commercial standard.
8. METHOD OF ORDERING
8.1 The established procedure in ordering hardwood plywood is to
list the number of pieces, type of plywood, number of plies, thickness,
width across the grain, length with the grain, species or density of face
ply, density of inner plies in Technical type and Type I only, grade of
face, grade of back, grade of lumber core if required, whether sanded
or unsanded, and use to which plywood will be put.
16
Commercial Standard CS35-Jf9
8.2 For special types of service, special construction features may
be desirable, in which case all applicable standard specification data
together with the special construction features should be itemized.
9. NOMENCLATURE AND DEFINITIONS
Back. — Veneer sheet on under side of plywood panel, corresponding
in thickness to face veneer on upper or exposed surface. Grain run-
ning parallel to grain of face.
Banding. — Also referred to as ^h’ailing.” Portion of wood of speci-
fied kind, extending around one or more sides of piece of core, usually
with grain extending the long way. This banding of solid wood facili- ^
tates shaping the edges of the piece, or it may be finished flat to cover
the several colors presented in the end or side grain of the core.
Bands, cross. — See definition under ‘^Crossbanding.’’
Bark pocket. — Comparatively small area of bark around which nor-
mal wood has grown.
Bird^s-eye. — Local sharp depressions in annual rings, accompanied
by considerable fiber distortion. Once the depressions are formed, -
succeeding growth rings follow the same contour for many years.
In plain-sawn lumber and rotary veneer the depressions are cut through
crosswise and show a series of circlets (portions of annual rings)
suggesting rather remotely a bird’s eye.
Blister. — Spot or area where veneer does not adhere and bulges like
a blister.
Brashness. — Condition of wood characterized by low resistance to
shock and by abrupt failure across the grain without splintering. i
Burl. — A swirl or twist in the grain of the wood, which usually occurs
near a knot but does not contain a knot.
Centers. — See definition under ‘‘Cores.” !
Centers, handed.- — See definition under “Cores, banded.” |
Checks. — Small splits running parallel to grain of wood, caused !
chiefly by strains produced in seasoning. :
Comb grain {sliced or sawn). — Also termed “rift sliced” or “rift i
sawn.” A method of producing veneer by slicing or sawing at an
angle of approximately 45° with the annual rings to bring out certain
figures produced by the medullary rays, which are especially conspicu-
ous in oak.
Compression failures. — Minute ridges formed by crumpling or buck-
ling of the cells, resulting from excessive compression stresses along
the grain.
Cores, also referred to as centers, are the innermost portions of
plywood. They may be of sawn lumber, either one piece or several
pieces joined and glued, or they may be of veneer.
Cores, handed. — Cores that have been made with banding on one or
more sides. See definition under “Banding.”
Crosshanding. — Veneer used in the construction of plywood with five
or more plies. In five-ply construction, it is placed at right angles
between the core and faces.
Cross-bar. — Type of figure or irregularity of grain resembling a dip
in the grain, running at right angles, or nearly so, to the length of the
veneer.
Hardwood Plywood
17
Cros8 break. — Separation of the wood cells across the grain. Such
breaks may be due to internal strains resulting from unequal longi-
tudinal shrinkage, or to external forces.
Defects, open. — Checks, splits, open joints, cracks, loose knots, worm
holes, or other defects interrupting the smooth continuity of the sur-
face.
Density. — Mass of a body per unit of volume. When expressed in
the cgs system, it is numerically equal to the specific gravity of the
same substance.
Discolorations. — Stains in wood substances. Common veneer stains
are sap stains, blue stains, stains produced by the chemical action
caused by the iron in the cutting knife coming in contact with the
tannic acid in the wood, and those resulting from the chemical
action of the glue.
Doze. — A form of incipient decay characterized by a dull and lifeless
appearance of the wood accompanied by a lack of strength and a
softening of the wood substance.
Flake, broken. — A breaking or loosening of the flake (medullary ray)
or quartered material; most frequent in oak.
Flat cut. — Flat-cut veneer sliced parallel to the pith of the log and
approximately tangent to the growth rings. Also termed “plain
sliced.’’
Grain. — Term applied to the vertical elements of wood as they occur
in the living tree. Grain is perhaps most easily delineated in certain
woods by the presence of annual layers of more densely aggregated
cells or by groups of i^rominent vessels which form the well-known
growth rings. When severed, they may become quite pronounced
and the effect referred to as “grain.”
Gum spots. — Well-defined openings between rings of annual growth,
usually containing more or less gum.
Half-round: — A manner of cutting veneer to bring out certain
beauty of figure, accomplished in the same manner as rotary cutting,
except that the piece being cut is secured to a “stay log,” a device
that permits the cutting of the log on a wider sweep than when mounted
with its center secured in the lathe.
Hardwood: — General term used to designate lumber produced from
broad-leafed or deciduous trees in contrast to softwood produced
from evergreen or coniferous trees.
Hairline. — Thin perceptible line usually showing at the joint.
Holes, worm. — Holes resulting from infestation of worms.
Holes, pinworm. — Holes resulting from infestation of worms, and
not exceeding Ke hi. in diameter.
Joint: — The line between the edges or ends of two adjacent sheets
of veneer or strips of lumber core in the same plane.
Joint, edge. — Joint running parallel to the grain of the wood.
Joint, open. — Joint in which two adjacent pieces of veneer do not
fit tightly together.
Knot. — Cross section of branch or limb with grain usually running
at right angles to that of the piece in which it occurs.
Knotholes. — Voids produced by dropping of knots from the wood
in which they were originally embedded.
18
Commercial Standard CS35-Jf9
Knot, open. — Opening where a portion of the wood substance of the
knot has dropped out or where cross checks have occurred to present
an opening.
Knots, pin. — Sound knots less than }{ in. in diameter.
Lap.- — A condition where the veneers used are so misplaced that
one piece overlaps the other and does not make a smooth joint.
Loose side. — See definition under ‘‘Tight side.”
Patches. — Insertions of sound wood placed and glued into panels
from which defective portions have been removed.
Plywood. — A cross-banded assembly made of layers of veneer, or
veneer in combination with a lumber core or plies joined with an
adhesive. Two types of plywood are recognized, namely, veneer ply-
wood and lumber-core plywood. (Generally, the grain of one or
more plies is approximately at right angles to the other plies, and
almost always an odd number of plies is used.)
Quartered. — Method of manufacturing veneer by slicing or sawing
to bring out certain figures produced by the medullary or pith rays,
which are especially conspicuous in oak. The log is fiitched in several
different ways to allow the cutting of the veneer in a radial direction.
Bailing: — See “Banding.”
Bift sliced, rift sawn. — ^Also termed “comb-grain.” Method of
producing veneer by slicing or sawing at an angle of approximately
45° with the annual rings to bring out certain figures produced by the
medullary rays, which are especially conspicuous in oak.
Botary cut. — Manner of cutting veneer by which the entire log is
centered in a lathe and turned against a broad cutting knife, which is
set into the log at a slight angle.
Sapwood. — Light-colored wood substance occurring in the outer
portion of the tree.
Shake. — A separation along the grain, the greater part of which
occurs between the rings of annual growth.
Sliced. — Manner of cutting veneer by which logs or sawn flitches
are held securely in a slicing machine and thrust downward into a
large knife, which shears off the veneer in sheets.
Species. — A distinct kind.
Splits: — Separations of wood fiber running parallel with the grain.
Streaks, mineral. — Natural discolorations of the wood substance.
Swirls. — Irregular grain usually surrounding knots or crotches.
Tape. — Strips of gummed paper or cloth used to hold the edges of
the veneer together at the joints prior to gluing.
Tajye, perforated . — Tape perforated for better plywood adhesion.
Tape perforated to permit veneers to bond directly to each other
through the perforations.
Tight side. — Term used with its opi^osite, “loose side,” to refer to
veneer cut with a knife. The product as it is cut by the wedge-
shaped or beveled knife may be curved, thus producing small rup-
tures on the convex side, known as the “loose side.” The opposite
surface, strained slightly in compression but free from any ruptures,
is known as the “tight side.”
Worm holes. — See definitions under “Holes, worm,” and “Holes,
pin worm.”
Hardwood Plywood
10. EFFECTIVE DATE
19
10.1 Having been passed through the regular procedure of the
Commodity Standards Division, and approved by the acceptors
hereinafter listed, this commercial standard was issued by the United
States Department of Commerce, effective from December 1, 1949.
Edwin W. Ely,
Chief, Commodity Standards Division.
11. HISTORY OF PROJECT
11.1 Pursuant to a request from the Plywood Manufacturers
Association, a general conference of manufacturers, distributors, and
users of plywood made from hardwoods and Eastern red cedar, was
held in Chicago, 111., on April 9, 1931, to consider the adoption of
standard grading rules for the guidance of the trade.
11.2 The proposed standard was thoroughly discussed, and after
several constructive changes were made the conference recommended
that it be circulated to the trade for written acceptance. Accordingly,
the recommended standard was submitted to producers, distributors,
and users under date of May 29, 1931. Following receipt of written
acceptances from a satisfactory majority, an announcement was made
August 1, 1931, that the standard would become effective for new
production on September 1, 1931.
11.3 First revision. — On February 6, 1942, the Hardwood Plywood
Institute submitted a proposed revision, which included requirements
and tests for three types of adhesive bondage having a high, moderate,
and low resistance to moisture, as well as a number of changes in the
defects which are or are not permissible in the various species and
grades. These changes were approved by the standing committee
and the recommended revision was circulated on May 1, 1942, to
those directly concerned for written acceptance. Following accept-
ance by a satisfactory majority, the success of the revision was
announced on June 15, 1942, and the revised standard became effective
for new production on July 15, 1942, as CS35-42.
11.4 Second revision.- — Pursuant to a request for revision of the
standard, received from the Hardwood Plywood Institute on June 4,
1946, and following approval by the standing committee, the second
revision was circulated on September 6, 1946, to the trade for written
acceptance. The purpose of this revision was to add one type of
bondage to the three already covered, establish requirements for
minimum shear strength for fully waterproof bond and high-water-
resistance bond, and to revise all grades to bring them abreast of
current manufacturing practice and use, with a better description
of the defects permitted. Following acceptance by a satisfactory
majority, the establishment of the revision was announced on January
20, 1947, as Commercial Standard CS35-47.
11.5 Third revision. — Pursuant to a joint request from the Southern
Plywood Manufacturers Association and the Hardwood Plywood
Institute, and following approval by the standing committee, the
third revision was circulated to the trade for consideration and
acceptance on September 12, 1949. The purpose of this revision was
20
Commercial Standard CS35-J^
to include grades for magnolia, bay, and poplar plywood; to increase
the maximum thickness of veneer permitted in Type 1 plywood; and
to strengthen the bondage test requirements. Following acceptance
by a large majority, the establishment of the revision was announced
on November 1, 1949, as Commercial Standard CS35-49, to become
effective for new production from December 1, 1949.
12. STANDING COMMITTEE
12.1 The following individuals comprise the membership of the
standing committee, which is to review, prior to circulation for
acceptance, revisions proposed to keep the standard abreast of prog-
ress. Comment concerning the standard and suggestions for revision
may be addressed to any member of the committee or to the Com-
modity Standards Division, National Bureau of Standards, which acts
as secretary for the committee.
Dawson Zaug, American Plywood Corp., New London, Wis. (Chairman).
G. CoLucci, Southern Box & Lumber Co., Wilmington, N. C.
Clarence W. Dietterich, Southern Plywood Manufacturers Association, 728
West Peachtree St. NW., Atlanta 3, Ga.
W. F. Durbin, Hoosier Panel Co., New Albany, Ind.
R. Fay Kulmer, The Mengel Co., Louisville, Ky.
A. D. Patchen, Jamestown Veneer & Plywood Corp., Jamestown, N. Y.
J. H. Tigelaar, Haskelite Manufacturing Corp., 701 Ann St., Grand Rapids,
Mich.
B. P. Adams, Jr., U. S. Plywood Corp., Orangeburg, S. C.
B. E. Babbitt, National Plywood Distributors Association, Inc., 20 North
Wacker Drive, Chicago 6, 111.
Don L. Davis, Aetna Plywood & Veneer Co., 1731 Elston Ave., Chicago, 111.
Thos. R. Gunsaullus, Fry-Fulton Lumber Co., 148 Carroll St., St. Louis 4, Mo.
Hal Keely, Hal Keely Plywood Co., 3232 East Carson St., Pittsburgh 3, Pa.
Ted Thompson, Plywood- Detroit Co., 4445 Bellevue Ave., Detroit 7, Mich.
George L. Waetjen, Milwaukee Plywood Co., 1227 West Bruce St., Milwaukee
6, Wis.
T. R. Williams, Ichabod T. Williams & Sons Co., 220 Eleventh Ave., New York,
N. Y.
C. O. Christenson, Property Recjuirements Section, Federal Housing Adminis-
tration, Washington 25, D. C.
Theodore I. Coe, American Institute of Architects, 1740 New York Ave. NW.,
Washingon, D. C.
Tinsley W. Ruct^er, Dixon-Powdermaker Furniture Co., P. O. Box 2700,
Jacksonville 3, Fla.
J. T. Ryan, Southern Furniture Manufacturers Association, High Point, N. C.
Walter M. Schall, Kroehler Manufacturing Co., Bradley, 111. (representing
National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, and National Retail Furni-
ture Association).
css 5-49
ACCEPTANCE OF COMMERCIAL STANDARD
If acceptance has not previously been filed, this sheet properly filled in, signed,
and returned will provide for the recording of your organization as an acceptor of
this commercial standard.
Date
Commodity Standards Division,
National Bureau of Standards,
Washington 25, D. C.
Gentlemen:
We believe that the Commercial Standard CS35-49 constitutes a
useful standard of practice, and we individually plan to utilize it as
far as practicable in the
Production ^ distribution ^ purchase ^ testing ^
of hardwood plywood.
We reserve the right to depart from it as we deem advisable.
We understand, of course, that only those articles which actually
comply with the standard in all respects can be identified or labeled as
conforming thereto.
Signature of authorized officer
(In ink)
(Kindly typewrite or print the following lines)
Name and title of above officer.
Organization
Street address
(Fill in exactly as it should be listed)
City, zone, and State
1 Underscore which one. Please see that separate acceptances are filed for all subsidiary companies and
affiliates which should be listed separately as acceptors. In the case of related interests, trade associations,
trade papers, etc., desiring to record their general support, the words “General Support” should be added
after the signature.
21
TO THE ACCEPTOR
The following statements answer the usual questions arising in
connection with the acceptance and its significance:
1. Enforcement. — Commercial standards are commodity specifica-
tions voluntarily established by mutual consent of those concerned.
They present a common basis of understanding between the producer,
distributor, and consumer and should not be confused with any plan
of governmental regulation or control. The United States Depart-
ment of Commerce has no regulatory power in the enforcement of
their provisions, but since they represent the will of the interested
groups as a whole, their provisions through usage soon become estab-
lished as trade customs, and are made effective through incorporation
into sales contracts by means of labels, invoices, and the like.
2. The acceptor’s responsibility . — The purpose of commercial stand-
ards is to establish for specific commodities, nationally recognized -
grades or consumer criteria, and the benefits therefrom will be meas-
urable in direct proportion to their general recognition and actual use.
Instances will occur (when it may be necessary to deviate from the
standard and the signing of an acceptance does not preclude such
departures; however, such signature indicates an intention to follow
the commercial standard where practicable, in the production,
distribution, or consumption of the article in question.
3. The Department’ s responsibility . — The major function performed
by the Department of Commerce in the voluntary establishment of
commercial standards on a Nation-wide basis is fourfold: First, to act
as an unbiased coordinator to bring all interested parties together
for the mutually satisfactory adjustment of trade standards; second,
to supply such assistance and advice as past experience with similar
programs may suggest; third, to canvass and record the extent of
acceptance and adherence to the standard on the part of producers,
distributors, and users; and fourth, after acceptance, to publish and
promulgate the standard for the information and guidance of buyers
and sellers of the commodity.
4. Announcement and promulgation. — When the standard has been
endorsed by a satisfactory majority of production or consumption
m the absence of active valid opposition, the success of the project is
announced. If, however, in the opinion of the standing committee
or the Department of Commerce, the support of any standard is
inadequate, the right is reserved to withhold promulgation and
publication.
22
!
!
[
I CS35-49
I
ACCEPTORS
I
I The organizations listed below have individually accepted this standard for use
I as far as practicable in the production, distribution, testing, or purchase of
I hardwood plywood. In accepting the standard, they reserved the right to depart
’ from it as they individually deem advisable. It is expected that articles which
1 actually comply with the requirements of this standard in all respects will be
regularly identified or labeled as conforming thereto, and that purchasers will
require such specific evidence of conformity.
' ASSOCIATIONS
j (General Support)
i American Specification Institute, Chicago, 111.
I Building Officials Conference of America, Inc.,
Washington, D. C.
Carolina Lumber & Building Supply Association,
Charlotte, N. C.
Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand
Rapids, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Greater New York Lumber Industries, Inc., New
York, N. Y.
Hardwood Plywood Institute, Chicago, 111.
Kansas City Chapter, The American Institute of
Architects, Kansas City, Mo.
Mississippi Retail Lumber Dealers Association, Inc.,
Jackson, Miss.
National Building Material Distributors Associa-
tion, Chicago, 111.
National Hardwood Lumber Association, Chicago,
111.
i National Plywood Distributors Association, Chi-
[ cago, 111.
( National Woodwork Manufacturers Association,
I Chicago, 111.
i Northern Hemlock & Hardwood Manufacturers
I Association, Oshkosh, Wis.
I Prefabricated Home Manufacturers’ Institute,
I Washington, D. C.
I Southern Hardwood Producers, Inc., Memphis,
Tenn.
i Southern Plywood Manufacturers Association,
1 Atlanta, Ga.
j Southwestern Lumbermen’s Association, Kansas
I City, Mo.
! Veneer Association, The, Chicago, 111.
Wood-Ply Research Foundation, Inc., Chicago, 111.
FIRMS AND OTHER INTERESTS
Abbott Co., Antrim, N. H.
Aberdeen Plywood Corp., Aberdeen, Wash.
Accepted Materials Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
Adams, Franklin O., Tampa, Fla.
Adleta Show Case & Fixture Manufacturing Co.,
Dallas, Tex.
Aetna Plywood & Veneer Co., Chicago, 111.
Albany Plywood Co., Inc., Albany, N. Y.
Algoma Plywood & Veneer Co., Algoma, Wis.
Allison & Rible, Los Angeles, Calif.
Altfillisch, Charles, Decorah, Iowa.
American Chair Co., Sheboygan. Wis.
American Furniture Co., Batesville, Ind.
American Plywood Corp., New London, Wis.
American Seating Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Anderson-Tully Co., Memphis, Tenn., and Vicks-
burg, Miss.
Andrews, Jones, Biscoe & Goodell, Boston, Mass.
Andrews, C. E., Lumber Co., New Bethlehem, Pa.
Angelus Furniture Manufacturing Co., Los Angeles,
Calif.
Atlanta Oak Flooring Co., Atlanta, Ga.
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co., Wilmington,
N. C.
Atlantic Plywood Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
Back Panel Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
Bacon McMillan Manufacturing Co., Stockton, Ala.
Bakelite Corp., New York, N. Y., and Bloomfield,
N. J.
Baldwin Plywood & Veneer Co., Gillett, Wis.
Barthmaier, Eugene V., Philadelphia, Pa.
Bay View Furniture Co., Holland, Mich.
Beck Plywood & Lumber Co., Inc., Chicago, 111.
Beuttler, William, Sioux City, Iowa.
Bianculli, Palm, Purnell & Russell, Chattanooga,
Tenn.
Big Rapids Furniture Manufacturing Co., Big
Rapids, Mich.
Birmingham Sash & Door Co., Birmingham, Ala.
Bishop, Horatio W., La Mesa, Calif. (General
support.)
Blair Veneer Co., North Troy, Vt.
Blue Ridge Plywood Corp., Waynesboro, Va.
Boehm, George A., New York, N. Y.
Boeing Airplane Co., Wichita Division, Wichita,
Kans.
Borden Co., The, Chemical Division, New York,
N. Y. (General support.)
Bovard, William R., Kansas City, Mo. (General
support.)
Bradley Plywood Corp., Savannah, Ga.
Brazer, Clarence W., New York, N. Y.
Brust & Brust, Milwaukee, Wis.
Buckman Laboratories, Inc., Memphis, Tenn,
Bucky, Fred W., Jr., Jacksonville, Fla.
Buffalo Plywood Corp., Buffalo, N. Y.
Buffelen Manufacturing Co., Ft. Worth, Tex.
Burket, Harold E., Ventura, Calif.
Burnham Manufacturing Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
California Panel & Veneer Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
Calypso Veneer Co., Inc., Calypso, N. C.
Cameron, William, A Co., Waco, Tex.
Camlet, J. Thomas, Passaic, N. J.
Carolina Panel Co., Inc., Lexington, N. C.
Carolina Veneer & Plywood Co., Inc., Florence,
S. C.
Caswell Runyan, Division of Newport Steel Corp.,
Goshen, Ind.
Catalin Corp. of America, Fords, N. J.
Cavalier Corp., Chattanooga, Tenn.
Cellarius, Chas. F., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Central Building Supply, Inc., Baltimore, Md.
Central Chair Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Central of Georgia Railway Co., Savannah, Ga.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich.
Clark, Carl W., Syracuse, N. Y.
Clarke Veneers & Plywood, Washington, D. C.
Closs, E., Co., The, Sparta, N. J.
Cochrane Furniture Co., Inc., Lincolnton, N. C.
Coffin, R. V., Seattle, Wash.
Colby, John A., & Sons, Evanston, 111.
Columbus Show Case Co., The, Columbus, Ohio.
Commercial Furniture Co., Chicago, 111.
Com-ad & Cummings, Binghamton, N. Y.
Cram & Ferguson, Boston, Mass.
23
24
Commercial Standard GSS5-Ji9
Crawford Door Co., Detroit, Mich.
Crawford Furniture Manufactming Corp., James-
town, N. Y.
Crompton & Knowles Loom Works, Worcester,
Mass.
Cross, Austin & Ireland Lumber Co., Brooklyn,
N. Y.
Crowell & Lancaster, Bangor, Maine.
Curtis Cos., Inc., Clinton, Iowa.
Darby, Bogner & Associates, Milwaukee, Wis.
Davenport Cabinet Works, Inc., Davenport, Iowa.
Davis Plywood Corp., The, Cleveland, Ohio.
Deats Sash & Door Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
De Jarnette, Charles W., Des Aloines, Iowa. (Gen-
eral support.)
Dermis Co., The, Knightstown, Ind.
Denny Roll & Panel Co., High Point, N. C.
Dietel, George J., Buffalo, N. Y.
Dixie Furniture Co., Inc., Lexington, N. C.
Dixon-Powdermaker Furniture Co., Jacksonville,
Fla.
Doehler Metal Furniture Co., Inc., New York,
N. Y.
Downes Lumber Co., Boston, Mass.
Drake Plywood & Veneer Co., Inc., Drake, S. C.
Drexel Furniture Co., Drexel, N. C.; Marion, N. C.;
and Kingstree, S. C.
Dukehart, John K., Portland, Greg.
Edison Wood Products, Inc., New London, Wis.
Eggers, E., Plywood & Veneer Co., Two Rivers,
Wis.
Ehrlich-Harrison Co., Seattle, Wash.
English, Miller & Hockett, Hutchinson, Kans.
Estes Lumber Co., Birmingham, Ala.
Everett, H. F., & Associates, Allentown, Pa.
Fairmont Veneers, Inc., Fairmont, N. C.
Fellheimer & Wagner, New York, N. Y. (General
support.)
Fetzer & Fetzer, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Fischer, Charles F., & Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
Flanders, L. E., Haverhill, Mass.
Flannagan, Eric G., Henderson, N. C.
Florida, University of. School of Forestry, Gaines-
ville, Fla.
Furer, Wm. C., Honolulu, T. H.
Fyles & Rice Co., Inc., Bethel, Vt.
Fyr-Fulton Lumber Co., St. Louis, Mo.
General Plywood Corp., Louisville. Ky.
Georgia-Pacific Plywood & Lumber Co., Inc., New
York, N. Y.
Gravely Novelty Furniture Co., Inc., Ridgeway, Va.
Greene & Wood, Inc., New Bedford, Mass.
Hall, Fessenden, Philadelphia, Pa.
Haralson & Mott, Ft. Smith, Ark.
Harbor Plywood Corp., Chicago, 111.
Harbor Plywood Corp. of California, San Francisco,
Calif.
Harbor Sales Co., Inc., The, Baltimore, Md., and
Washington, D. C.
Hard Manufacturing Co., Inc., The, Buffalo, N. Y.
Hardwood Products Corp., Neenah, Wis.
Harmon, F. S., Manufacturing Co., Tacoma, Wash.
Haskelite Manufacturing Corp., Grand Rapids,
Mich.
Hasty Veneer Co., Inc., Maxton, N. C.
Haxby, Bissell & Belair, Mimieapolis, Minn.
Hayworth Roll & Panel Co., High Point, N. C.
Henrich Plywood Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y.
Henry County Plywood Corp., Ridgeway, Va.
Higgins, Inc., New Orleans, La.
Higgins, J. E., Lumber Co., San Francisco, Calif.
Hingham Construction & Supply Co., Hingham,
Mass.
Hodgdon, Charles, San Gabriel, Calif.
Holsman, Holsman, Klekamp & Taylor, Chicago,
111.
Honerkamp, F. W., Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
Hoosier Desk Co., Jasper, Ind.
Hoosier Panel Co., The, New Albany, Ind.
Hope, Frank L., San Diego, Calif.
Houston Sash & Door Co., Houston, Tex.
Hunting, R. D., Lumber Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Huss Lumber Co., Plywood Division, Chicago, 111.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Charlotte, N. C.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Columbus, Ohio.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Dallas, Tex.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Jacksonville, Fla.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Knoxville, Tenn.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Louisville, Ky.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Miami, Fla.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., Roanoke, Va.
Huttig Sash & Door Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Hygrade Cabinet Co., Inc., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
Hyland, Irving L., Boston, Mass.
Indiana Desk Co., Inc., Jasper, Ind.
Indiana Lumber & Manufacturing Co., Inc., South
Bend, Ind.
Interstate Veneer Co., Inc., Emporia, Va.
Iron City Sash & Door Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
J. & S. Furniture Manufacturing Co., Chicago, 111.
.Tames Lumber Co., Boston, Mass.
Jamestown Table Co., Inc., Salamanca, N. Y.
Jamestown Veneer & Plywood Corp., Jamestown,
N. Y.
Jamme, Bernard E., Summit, N. J.
.Jasper Wood Products Co., Inc., Jasper, Ind.
Jones, John Paul, & Leonard Bindon, Seattle, Wash.
Kansas State College, Department of Architecture,
Manhattan, Kans.
Karpen, S., & Bros., Huntington Park, Calif.
Kaul Lumber Co., Birmingham, Ala.
Kaylo Division of Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Toledo,
Ohio.
Keich & O’Brien, Warren, Ohio.
Kewaunee Manufacturing Co., Adrian, Mich.
Kimball, W. W., Co., Chicago, 111.
Kneeland, Arthur, Montreal, Canada.
Knipp & Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md.
Kreamer Veneer Co., Junction City, Ky.
Kroehler Manufacturing Co., Bradley, 111., and
Naperville, 111.
Kullberg Manufacturing Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
Kyle, Herbert S., Charleston, W. Va. (General
support) .
Laity Cabinet Shops, Hellam, Pa.
Lakeside Plvwood, Inc., Newport, Vt.
Larson Plywood Co., Sheboygan, Wis.
Latenser, John, & Sons, Omaha, Nebr.
Law, Law, Potter A Nystrom, Madison, Wis.
Levin Bros., Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.
Levine, Ernest, New Brunswick, N. J.
Linwood, Inc., Gillett, Wis.
Loeb, Laurence M., White Plains, N. Y.
Los Angeles, City of, Los Angeles, Calif.
Louck & Hill Co., Richmond, Ind.
Loughman Cabinet Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Mann A Co., Hutchinson, Kans.
Markland, M. B., Contracting Co., Atlantic City,
N. J.
Martin, Edgar, Chicago, 111.
Mason, George D., A Co., Detroit, Mich.
Masten A Hurd, San Francisco, Calif.
McClelland Co., The, Davenport, Iowa.
McCulloch Lumber Co., Atlanta, Ga.
Meloy Manufacturing Co., Inc., Shelbyville, Ind.
Memphis Plywood Corp., Memphis, Tenn.
Memphis Sash A Door Co., Memphis, Tenn.
Mengel Co., The, Louisville, Ky.
Mersman Bros. Corp., The, Celina, Ohio.
Met-L-Wood Corp., Chicago, 111.
Miller A Vrydagh, Terre Haute, Ind.
Mills Industries, Inc., Chicago, 111.
Milwaukee Plywood Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
Mississippi Products, Inc., Jackson, Miss.
Missouri Furniture Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Monsanto Chemical Co., Plastics Division, Spring-
field, Mass.
Mooser, William, San Francisco, Calif.
Morgan Co., Oshkosh, Wis.
Morrison-Merrill A Co., Salt Lake City, Utah;
Pocatello, Idaho; and Reno, Nev.
Muhlenberg Bros., Reading, Pa.
Myrtle Desk Co., High Point, N. C.
National Casein Sales, Chicago, 111.
National Plywood Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
National Show Case Co., Columbus, Ga.
National Veneer Co., Inc., Lenoir, N. C.
Nelson, Albert L., St. Louis, Mo.
New Valley Bedding A Furniture Co., Pinedale,
Calif.
New York Wood Working Corp., Flushing, N. Y.
Niagara Plywood Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y.
Nickey Bros., Inc., Memphis, Tenn.
North Carolina Furniture Co., Statesville, N. C.
North Carolina State College, Division of Forestry,
Raleigh, N. C. (General support.)
Hardwood Plyioood
Northwestern Cabinet Co., Burlington, Iowa.
Norwood Veneer Co., Norwood, N. C.
Nurenburg, W. S., Fort Worth, Tex.
Officer, Gwynn, Lafayette, Calif.
Oregon Forest Products Laboratory, Corvallis, Oreg.
(General support.)
Owosso Manufacturing Co., Benton, Ark.
Pacific Lumber Co., The, San Francisco, Calif.
Pacific Manufacturing Co., Santa Clara, Calif.
Pacific Mutual Door Co., Tacoma, Wash.
Paramount Furniture Co., Warren, Pa.
Pascagoula Veneer Co., Pascagoula, Miss.
Patten-Blinn Lumber Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
Paxton, Frank, Lumber Co., Kansas City, Kans.
Pearl City Plywood Co., Inc., Jamestown, N. Y.
Pease Woodwork Co., Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Peerless Plywood Co., High Point, N. C.
Penn Veneer Co., Inc., York, Pa.
Pepper, George W., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa.
Perry County Plywood Corp., Beaumont, Miss.
Picayune Veneer & Plywood Co., Picayune, Miss.
Pluswood Industries, Oshkosh, Wis.
Plywood Builders Supply Co., Detroit, Mich.
Plywood Supply Co., Atlanta, Ga.
Plywoods Plastics Corp., Hampton, S. C.
Portsmouth Lumber Corp., Portsmouth, Va.
Prinsho Veneer Co., Inc., Valdosta, Ga.
Quimby, Allen, Veneer Co., Bingham, Maine.
Randolph Furniture Co., Inc., Randolph, Vt.
Red Lion Cabinet Co., Red Lion, Pa.
Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Resnikoff, Abraham, New York, N. Y.
Richardson Bros. Co.. Sheboygan Falls, Wis.
Richmond Cabinet Co., Richmond, Ind.
Rineheimer Bros. Manufacturing Co., Elgin, 111.
Ritchie, James H., & Associates, Boston, Mass.
Ritter, Wm., & Bro., Philadelphia, Pa.
Rochlin Veneer & Plywood Co., Statesville, N . C.
Rockford Chair & Furniture Co., Rockford, 111.
Rockford National Furniture Co., Rockford, 111.
Roddis California, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.
Roddis Co., Chicago, 111., and St. Louis, Mo.
Roddis Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., and Newark,
N. J.
Roddis Lumber & Veneer Co., Memphis, Tenn.
Roddis Lumber & Veneer Co. of Michigan, Detroit,
Mich.
Roddis Panel & Door Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; Louis-
ville, Ky.; and Charlotte, N. C.
Roddis Plywood Corp., Milwaukee, Wis., and
Marshfield, Wis.
Roddis Plywood & Door Co., Inc., Cambridge,
Mass., and New York, N. Y.
Roddiscraft, Inc., San Francisco, Calif.
Rounds & Porter Co., Wichita, Kans.
Russell, Crowell, Mullgardt & Schwarz, St. Louis,
Mo.
St. Croix Manufacturing Co., Bayport, Minn.
St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Co., Plywood Division,
Olympia, Wash.
Sanford Sash & Blind Co., Sanford, N. C.
Schaefiler, Joseph C., New Rochelle, N. Y.
Schmidt, Garden & Erikson, Chicago, 111.
Schofield, George M., Nyack, N. Y.
Scott, C. E., Philadelphia, Pa.
Scranton Plywood Co., Forty Fort, Pa.
Sechrest Veneer Co., Inc., Statesville, N. C.
Sellers, G. I., & Sons, Co., Elwood, Ind.
Setter Bros., Inc., Cattaraugus, N. Y.
Shelbyville Desk Co., Shelbyville, Ind.
Sieling Furniture Co., Inc., Railroad, Pa.
Simmons Co., Kenosha, Wis.
Singer Cabinet Shops, Inc., New York, N. Y.
Sirrine, J. E., Co., Greenville, S. C.
Sleeper, Harold R., New York, N. Y.
Snyder Chemical Corp., Danbury, Conn.
25
Southern Box & Lumber Co., Wilmington, N. C.
Southern Laminating Co., Memphis, Tenn.
Southern Plywoods, Greenville, Fla.
Southern Resin Glue Co., Fayetteville, N. C.
Southwestern Veneer Co., Cotton Plant, Ark.
Spainhour Furniture Co., Inc., Lenoir, N. C.
Spencer Cardinal Corp., Marion, Ind.
Splicedwood Corp., Mellen, Wis.
Springfield Plywood Corp., Springfield, Oreg.
Standard Chair Co., Union City, Pa.
Statesville Plywood & Veneer Co., Statesville, N. C.
Stickley, L. & J. G., Inc., Fayetteville, N. Y.
Stoetzel, Ralph, Chicago, 111.
Strable Hardwood Co., Oakland, Calif.
Stravs, Carl B., Mimieapolis, Minn.
Streeter, Daniel D., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Stremming Veneer Co., Inc., Maplesville, Ala.
Sweet’s Catalog Service, New York, N. Y. (General
support.)
Synvar Corp., Wilmington, Del.
Taylor, Ellery Kirke, Haddonfield, N. J.
Temple, Arthur, Davenport, Iowa.
Thai, Nelson E., Toledo, Ohio.
Thompson & Swaim Plywood Co., Tuscaloosa, Ala.
Tidewater Plywood Co., Brunswick, Ga.
Toledo Metal Furniture Co., Toledo, Ohio.
Tonk Manufacturing Co., Chicago, 111.
Trans-Oceanic Trading Co., New Orleans, La.
Transogram Co., Inc., Coudersport, Pa.
Trexler Lumber Co., Allentown, Pa.
Triple H Plywood & Veneer Co., Inc., Monticello,
Fla.
Twin City Hardwood Lumber Co., St. Paul, Minn.
Underwood Veneer Co., Wausau, Wis.
Union Furniture Co., Batesville, Ind.
United States Plywood Corp., New York, N. Y.
United States Plywood Corp. of South Carolina,
Orangeburg, S. C.
Valdosta Plywoods, Inc., Valdosta, Ga.
Vancouver Plywood Co., Vancouver, Wash.
Van Pelt, John V., Patchogue, N. Y.
Vermont Plywood, Inc., Hancock, Vt.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va.
(General support.)
Wanke Panel Co., Portland, Oreg.
Warsaw Furniture Manufacturing Co., Warsaw,
Ky.
Waynesboro Veneer Co., Inc., Waynesboro, Ga.
Weber Veneer & Plywood Co., Shawano, Wis.
Welch, Carroll E., Huntington, N. Y.
West, Albert E., Boston, Mass.
Western Hardwood Lumber Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
White Furniture Co., Mebane, N. C.
Widdicomb, John, Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Wilbur Lumber Co., West Allis, Wis.
Willatsen, Andrew, Seattle, Wash.
Willett, Consider H., Inc., Louisville, Ky.
Williams Furniture Co., Richmond, Ind.
Willson, Fred F., Bozeman, Mont.
Wisconsin Chair Co., The, Port Washington, Wis.
Wisconsin Laminating Co., Chilton, Wis.
Wood, Edward J., & Son, Clarksburg, W. Va.
Woodcraft Corp., The, Bay City, Mich.
Woodcroftery Shops, Inc., The, Wayland, N. Y.
Wurlitzer, Rudolph, Co., The, De Kalb, 111.
Zimmerman, A. C., Los Angeles, Calif.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Federal Housing Administration, Underwriting
Division, Property Requirements Section, Wash-
ington, D. C. (General support.)
Housing & Home Finance Agency, Washington,
D. C. (General support.)
Interior, U. S. Department of the. Bureau of Indian
Affairs, Washington, D. C.
26
Commercial Standard CS35-If.9
COMMERCIAL STANDARDS
CS No.
0- 40. Commercial standards and their value
to business (third edition).
1- 42. Clinical thermometers (third edition) .
2- 30. Mopsticks.
3- 40. Stoddard solvent (third edition) .
4- 29. Staple porcelain (all-clay) plumbing
fixtures.
5- 46. Pipe nipples; brass, copper, steel, and
wrought-iron (second edition).
6- 31. Wrought-iron pipe nipples (second
edition). Superseded by CS5-46.
7- 29. Standard weight malleable iron or steel
screwed unions.
8- 41. Gage blanks (third edition) .
9- 33. Builders’ template hardware (second
edition) .
10- 29. Brass pipe nipples. Superseded by
CS5-46.
11- 41. Moisture regains of cotton yarns (second
edition).
12- 48. Fuel oils (sixth edition).
13- 44. Dress patterns (fourth edition) .
14- 43. Boys’ button-on waists, shirts, junior
and sport shirts (made from woven
fabrics) (third edition) .
15- 46. Men’s pajama sizes (made from woven
fabrics) (third edition) .
16- 29. Wall paper.
17- 47. Diamond core drill fittings (fourth
edition).
18- 29. Hickory golf shafts.
19- 32. Foundry patterns of wood (second
edition).
20- 49. Vitreous china plumbing fixtures (fifth
edition).
21- 39. Interchangeable ground-glass joints,
stopcocks, and stoppers (fourth
edition) .
22- 40. Builders’ hardware (nontemplate)
(second edition) .
23- 30. Feldspar.
24- 43. Screw threads and tap-drill sizes.
25- 30. Special screw threads. Superseded by
CS24-43.
26- 30. Aromatic red cedar closet lining.
27- 36. Mirrors (second edition) .
28- 46. Cotton fabric tents, tarpaulins and
covers (second edition) .
29- 31. Staple seats for water-closet bowls.
30- 31. Colors for sanitary ware. (Withdrawn
as commercial standard March 15,
1948.)
31- 38. Wood shingles (fourth edition).
32- 31. Cotton cloth for rubber and pyroxylin
coating.
33- 43. Knit underwear (exclusive of rayon)
(second edition) .
34- 31. Bag, case, and strap leather.
35- 49. Hardwood plywood (fourth edition).
36- 33. Fourdrinier wire cloth (second edition).
37- 31. Steel bone plates and screws.
38- 32. Hospital rubber sheeting.
39- 37. Wool and part wool blankets (second
edition). (Withdrawn as commer-
cial standard, July 14, 1941.)
40- 32. Surgeons’ rubber gloves.
41- 32. Surgeons’ latex gloves.
42- 49. Structural fiber insulating board (fourth
edition).
43- 32. Grading of sulphonated oils.
44- 32. Apple wraps.
45- 48. Douglas fir plywood (eighth edition) .
46- 49. Hosiery lengths and sizes (fourth edi-
tion) .
47- 34. Marking of gold-filled and rolled-gold-
plate articles other than watchcases.
48- 40. Domestic burners for Permsylvania
anthracite (underfeed type) (second
edition) .
49- 34. Chip board, laminated chip board, and
miscellaneous boards for bookbinding
purposes.
50- 34. Binders board for bookbinding and
other purposes.
CS No.
51- 35. Marking articles made of silver in com-
bination with gold.
52- 35. Mohair pile fabrics (100-percent mo-
hair plain velvet, 100-percent mohair
plain frieze, and 50-percent mohair
plain frieze) .
53- 35. Colors and finishes for cast stone.
54- 35. Mattresses for hospitals.
55- 35. Mattresses for institutions.
56- 49. Oak flooring (third edition).
57- 40. Book cloths, buckrams, and impreg-
nated fabrics for bookbinding pur-
poses except library bindings (second
edition) .
58- 36. Woven elastic fabrics for use in overalls
(over-all elastic webbing) .
59- 44. Textiles — testing and reporting (fourth
edition).
60- 48. Hardwood dimension lumber (second
edition).
61- 37. Wood-slat Venetian blinds.
62- 38. Colors for kitchen accessories.
63- 38. Colors for bathroom accessories.
64- 37. Walnut veneers.
65- 43. Methods of analysis and of reporting
fiber composition of textile products
(second edition) .
66- 38. Marking of articles made wholly or in
part of platinum.
67- 38. Marking articles made of karat gold.
68- 38. Liquid hypochlorite disinfectant, deo-
dorant, and germicide.
69- 38. Pine oil disinfectant.
70- 41. Phenolic disinfectant (emulsifying type)
(second edition) (published with
CS71-41).
71- 41. Phenolic disinfectant (soluble type)
(second edition) (published with
CS70-41).
72- 38. Household insecticide (liquid spray
type).
73- 48. Old growth Douglas fir, Sitka spruce,
and Western hemlock standard stock
doors (fourth edition).
74- 39. Solid hardwood wall paneling.
75- 42. Automatic mechanical draft oil burners
designed for domestic installations
(second edition) .
76- 39. Hardwood interior trim and molding.
77- 48. Enameled cast-iron plumbing fixtures
(second edition) .
78- 40. Ground-and-polished lenses for sun
glasses (second edition) (published
with CS79-40).
79- 40. Blown, drawn, and dropped lenses for
sun glasses (second edition) (pub-
lished with CS78-40).
80- 41. Electric direction signal systems other
than semaphore type for commercial
and other vehicles subject to special
motor vehicle laws (after market).
81- 41. Adverse-weather lamps for vehicles
(after market) .
82- 41. Inner-controlled spotlamps for vehicles
(after market) .
83- 41. Clearance, marker, and identification
lamps for vehicles (after market) .
84- 41. Electric tail lamps for vehicles (after
market).
85- 41. Electric license-plate lamps for vehicles
(after market) .
86- 41. Electric stop lamps for vehicles (after
market) .
87- 41. Red electric warning lanterns.
88- 41. Liquid burning flares.
89- 40. Hardwood stair treads and risers.
90- 49. Power cranes and shovels.
91- 41. Factory-fitted Douglas fir entrance
doors.
92- 41. Cedar, cypress and redwood tank stock
lumber.
93- 41. Portable electric drills (exclusive of
high frequency) .
94- 41. Calking lead.
Hardwood Plywood
27
CS No.
95- 41.
96- 41.
97- 42.
98- 42.
99- 42.
100- 47.
101- 43.
102- .
103- 48.
104- 49.
105- 48.
106- 44.
107- 45.
108- 43.
109- 44.
110- 43.
111- 43.
112- 43.
113- 44.
114- 43.
115- 44.
116- 44.
117- 49.
118- 44.
(E) 119-45.1
120- 48.
121- 45.
122- 49.
123- 49.
(E) 124-45.1
125- 47.
126- 45.
127- 45.
Lead pipe.
Lead traps and bends.
Electric supplementary driving and
passing lamps for vehicles (after
market).
Artists’ oil paints.
Gas floor furnaces— gravity circulating
type.
Porcelain-enameled steel utensils (third
edition) .
Flue-connected oil-burning space
heaters equipped with vaporizing
pot-type burners.
(Reserved for Diesel and fuel-oil en-
gines.)
Rayon jacquard velour (with or with-
out other decorative yarn) (second
edition).
Warm-air furnaces equipped with
vaporizing-type oil burners (third
edition) .
Mineral wool insulation for low tem-
peratures (second edition) .
Boys’ pajama sizes (woven fabrics)
(second edition) .
Commercial electric-refrigeration con-
densing units (second edition) . (With-
drawn as commercial standard Sep-
tember 4, 1947.)
Treading automobile and truck tires.
Solid-fuel-burning forced-air furnaces.
Tire repairs— vulcanized (passenger,
truck and bus tires) .
Earthenware (vitreous-glazed) plumb-
ing fixtures.
Homogeneous fiber wall board.
Oil-burning floor furnaces equipped
with vaporizing pot- type burners.
Hospital sheeting for mattress pro-
tection.
Porcelain-enameled tanks for domestic
use.
Bituminized-fiber drain and sewer pipe.
Mineral wool insulation for heated in-
dustrial equipment (second edition).
Marking of jewelry and novelties of
silver.
Dial indicators (for linear measure-
ments).
Standard stock ponderosa pine doors
(third edition).
Women’s slip sizes (woven fabrics).
Western softwood plywood (second
edition).
Grading of diamond powder (second
edition) .
Master disks.
Prefabricated homes (second edition) .
Tank mounted air compressors.
Self-contained mechanically refriger-
ated drinking-water coolers.
CS No.
128- 49. Men’s sport shirt sizes — woven fabrics
(other than those marked with reg-
ular neckband sizes) (second edition)
129- 47. Materials for safety wearing apparel
(second edition) .
130- 46. Color materials for art education in
schools.
131- 46. Industrial mineral wool products, all
types— testing and reporting.
132- 46. Hardware cloth.
133- 46. Woven wire netting.
134- 46. Cast aluminum cooking utensils (metal
composition).
135- 46. Men’s shirt sizes (exclusive of work
shirts) .
136- 46. Blankets for hospitals (wool, and wool
and cotton) .
137- 46. Size measurements for men’s and boys’
shorts (woven fabrics) .
138- 47. Insect wire screening.
139- 47. Work gloves.
140- 47. Testing and rating convectors.
141- 47. Sine bars, blocks, plates, and fixtures.
142- 47. Automotive lifts.
143- 47. Standard strength and extra strength
perforated clay pipe.
144- 47. Formed metal porcelain enameled sani-
tary ware.
145- 47. Testing and rating hand-fired hot water
supply boilers.
146- 47. Gowns for hospital patients.
147- 47. Colors for molded urea plastics.
148- 48. Men’s circular flat and rib knit rayon
underwear.
149- 48. Utility type house dress sizes.
150- 48. Hot-rolled rail steel bars (produced from
Tee-section rails) .
151- 48. Body measurements for the sizing of
apparel for infants, babies, toddlers,
and children (for the knit underwear
industry).
152- 48. Copper naphthenate wood-preservative.
153- 48. Body measurements for the sizing of
apparel for girls (for the knit imder-
wear industry) .
154- . (Reserved for wire rope.)
155- 49. Body measurements for the sizing of
apparel for boys (for the knit under-
wear industry) .
156- 49. Colors for polystyrene plastics.
157- 49. Ponderosa pine and sugar pine plywood.
158- 49. Model forms for girls’ apparel.
159- 49. Sun glass lenses made of ground and
polished plate glass, thereafter ther-
mally curved.
160- 49. Wood-fiber blanket insulation (for
building construction).
161- 49. “Standard Grade’’ hot-dipped galvan-
ized ware.
162- 49. Tufted bedspreads.
163- 49. Standard stock ponderosa pine win-
dows, sash, and screens.
1 Where “(E)’’ precedes the CS number, it indicates an emergency commercial standard, drafted under
war conditions with a view toward early revision.
Notice. — Those interested in commercial standards with a view toward
accepting them as a basis of everyday practice may secure copies of the above
standards, while the supply lasts, by addressing the Commodity Standards
Division, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C,
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1930
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