Daily Report—
Sub-Saharan
FBIS-AFR-92-242
Daily Report
Sub-Saharan Africa
FBIS-AVR-92-242 CONTENTS 16 December 1992
NOTICE TO READERS: An * indicates material not disseminated in electronic form.
EAST AFRICA
Djibouti
Campaigning Ends Midnight 15 Dec /Djibouti R@diO] ..................ccccccessesssssesseseeseeeeeeeeereneeeceeenseeeeees l
Ethiopia
Refugee Repatriation From Kenya To Begin /Addis Ababa RadiO] .............c.ccescssseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeerenes |
Kenya
Police Have ‘Shoot to Kill’ Order in Uasin Gishu /N@irobi TV] .........ccccccccsessesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeneenees |
I a celts ve |
I el niallliiniarlanle at
EE nee 2
Candidate Alleges Guerrillas in Forest /N@irobi TV] ...........c..cccccccsseesssecesseesessesseeeeeeseesnereeseneeeseeensenee 2
FORD-Kenya ‘Would Not Accept’ Moi Return /Na@irobi TV] .0.........ccccccccscsseseeseeeeseeeseeeeeseeeeseenneenens 3
Somalia
Ali Mahdi Reaffirms Commitment to Foreign Troops /Voice of the Somali Republic] ................. 3
een Denn GD CT CEES, O00 TEI... «oss ncnneneneuneneensusensnenesesssecsuscnneneuscosnqnscenssnecseceese 3
CT CEE” $= SUD oicssissss12sssscsssssssnsnneeetenenneeneientinerninnnennenatinnnnnntt 3
CCI I insincere nen teeeateetnieeeeennnmnatenentnnnnaeentaen 4
French Commander Says Somalis Not Being Disarmed /Paris International] 0.0.0.0... 4
Uganda
Museveni Fetes Visiting Burundian President /Kammpala Radio] ...........ccccccccccccsscesseeeeeeereeeeeseeeeseenees 5
Burundi President Speaks on Democracy [Kampala Radio] ............ccccccccsccssssesesseseeeseeeeeeneeseeenseneenees 5
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
DP-ANC in Dispute Over Meeting Disruption Johannesburg TV] ..............cccccssesssseseeseeesseeeeseeeeseeeseenseeee 6
DP Accuses ANC of ‘Hypocrisy and Racism’ /SAPA] ..........ccscsccssccsssscssssssssesesecsssssssssssscsecessessesssceesesenses 6
ey CY CEG PCED CED WR UL METI oscsccssccscssansnneentenquecegreqenseqeoceneseseqeucnenqneqeesenseccqeensess 6
Patriotic Front Supports APLA Judicial Inquiry /Johannesburg Stereo] .........cccccccccssssccsseseeeesseeeeesseeeeneeees 7
Penni “Ee Beect’ Tenens APLA Gar Attaees FEAF... cccccccccsccccsseseccsccescccesscccseccsscccsecseseccssccensocecescsesesessooseeees 7
Patriotic Front on Multiparty Talks, Time Scales /Johannesburg Radio] ...........c..ccc0cceeeee mannan 8
Clinton Cabinet Appointments ‘Insensitive’ /BUSINESS DAY 15 D@c] .......ccccccsccssssesseesceeeeeereeeeeeeseeeneennes 8
Safair Denies Leasing Russian Aircraft /Johannesburg International] .............ccccccccscesseseeeeeseeeeereeesseerseesees 9
ANC Military Wing Training Abroad Detailed /BEELD 14 De@c] ..........cccccccccccccsssessesseeseeeeeeseeeneeeeeseeeenenens 10
RSA Urged To Return KaNgwane to Swaziland /Mbabane Radio] ..............ccccccsssssseeseeseeseeeneeeeeeeneneeneers 10
Union Against Seven-Day Week for Mineworkers /Johannesburg RAdi0] ..........c.cccccccseseeeeseessreereenseeneeees 10
15 December Review of Current Events, Issues /THE STAR 15 Dec, @10.] ...ccccccccccccssecsccseseeeeeeeseeeeeoceeneens 11
16 December Review of Current Events, Issues /THE STAR 16 Dec, @10.] ...cccccccccccccsccssceesseeeeeeereeeereeeenens 11
Se PCIE CII TUTE sccccsesnrssrenrennssensneneenetentecnseuseneensenqquevecsqnenequesnerenqnuenennenenensenteins 12
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Angola
UNITA Points for Ending ‘Spectre of War’ /Voice of the Black Cockerel] ......ccccccccccccceccceeseeeeseeseees 13
Radio: UNITA Troops Still in Uige, Negage /Luanda Radio] .............ccccccccssssesseseeseeeeseeeeeeseeeeeceneees 14
UNITA Radio Reports MPLA Troop Movements in Lunda Norte /Voice of the Black Cockerel] . 14
Government, UNITA Meet in Cuando Cubango /Voice of the Black Cockerel] .........c.cccccccccceeeeees 14
UNITA, MPLA Hold ‘Cordial’ Meet in Luena /Voice of the Black Cockerel] .........ccccccccccceceeeeseeeees 15
UNITA Said Deploying Troops in Cuanza Sul (Luanda Radio] ...........ccccccccecsccseseeseceeeeeeeereeceseeeneees 15
UNITA Agrees To Withdraw From Zaire Province /LUa@nda Radi] ..........ccccccscsseeseseerseereeereenees 15
‘Tense’ Situation in Cunene Province Reported (/Voice of the Black Cockerel] .........cccccccccccccseeseeeees 15
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992 2 Sub-Saharan Africa
UNITA Warns of FAPLA ‘Terrorism’ in Andulo /Voice of the Black Cockerel) ...............c.0000+000+- 15
Situation Reportedly Returns to Normal in Bie /Luanda Radio] ...................csscessesseseeseeeneeeereneeees 16
OAU Urges UNITA To Abandon Armed Struggle /Urtata Radio] ...............cccsccssesesesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 16
Sao Tomean Official on Failure To Meet Savimbi /Luamda@ TV] ............2.cccccssecsseseseseseseeeceeeeneeneees 16
Clinton Expected To Recognize MPLA /THE WEEKLY MAIL 17-17 Dec] ..........c.ccscsceeeeeeeeeeoeeeees 17
Envoy to UN Conveys ‘Indignation’ to RSA Envoy /Luanda Radio] ...............cccssesseseeseeeeseneeeseees 17
Government, UNITA Meet in Cuando Cubango /Luanda Radio]... .............ccsccsesesseeeeseeseeereeneeees 18
Newspaper Names Cabinet Officials /Johannsesburg O SECULO 7 Dec] 20.......ccccccscesseoseeeeeeeeneeereees 18
I 19
UNITA Says Government Training Riot Police /Voice of the Black Cockerel] ............c.ccc0cccc0e000000 19
Commentary: UNITA Needs To Act in Good Faith /Luamda TV] ...........cccccccesscesseeeeseseeeseeeenneeneees 19
Radio: MPLA Kills Portuguese Citizen in Gabela /Voice of the Black Cockerel] ............:c000++00++ 20
Huambo Government Says 150 Peovie Missing /Luanda Radio) .................cc.scssseseesevseseereeeereneeeees 20
Botswana
Masire Advises Caution For Somalia Bound Troops /Gaborone Radio] ..............c..sseseeeeeeereeeenes 20
Mozambique
Chissano Presents Annual Report To Assembly (Maputo R@dio] .0..............ccccccesceeseesseseeseeeeereeeeeenens 20
Renamo Communique on Dhlakama Visit to Zimbabwe /Voz da RenaQmMo] ..........c.cccccsecseeeeeeeeeeeees 21
Renamo Accuses Government of Accord Violations /Voz d@ Rem@mMo] ............ccccccsssseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 22
CSC Meets in Maputo, Discusses Mine Removal /Maputo Radio] ................ccccccesseseesesseseeeseneeeeeeees 22
RE EERIE EER Co eee 23
I» nl ealialiln 23
SC RET ETE Een TNeTD eee 23
WEST AFRICA
Ghana
State of Economy Report /THE GHANAIAN CHRONICLE 7-13 Dec] .......cccccccccsceesseseeseeseeeeveneeeeeee 24
Guinea-Bissau
Government Protests Airspace Violation by Senegal [AFP] ..........ccccccccccecceeeeeesenneseeseeesenseneeeeneneenenes 26
Ivory Coast :
Prime Minister Receives PRC Official (Abidjan Radio] .........c.cscccsssessesseeceeeeseeeesecssesesneseeneeneeenseeenens 27
Liberia
ULIMO Official Warns Citizens To Leave Gharnga /London International] .........cccceeereeeeeees 27
Mali
Premier on Neutrality in Traore ‘Murder’ Trial /Bamako Raid] ...........0ccccccccecessessesererseesesneeenseenees 28
Niger
About 10,000 Tuaregs in North Said Threatened by Famine /London International) .................... 28
New Bills Create Electoral Wards [Niamey RAO] .........00ccccscecssssssersssressecessccnssesssessecserseeesesssessoesees 28
Nigeria
Babangida Says Foundation Laid for Democracy /Lagos Radio] .................. quedememuiemenaennn 29
Paper Reacts to U.S. Abduction of Drug Suspect /Lagos International] ...........ccccccccesseseeseereeenseeeens 29
Togo
Opposition Leader on Strike, Political Crisis /London International] ............cccccccccecesseseeseeeseeeeeeees 29
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Djibouti
Campaigning Ends Midnight 15 Dec
EA1612064792 Djibouti Radio Djibouti in Somali 1700
GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] In connection with the forthcoming multi-party
elections due to be held on 18 December, the election
campaigns which have been going on in the country will
come to an end at midnight tonight. In this regard the
minister of interior, posts, and telecommunications, Mr.
Ahmed Boulaleh Barreh, issued a statement today saying
that all election rules have been compiled and made
ready in order to facilitate the holding of smooth, fair,
and free elections. The minister's statement follows:
[Begin Ahmed recording] In the name of God, the most
compassionate, the most merciful. Peace and the bless-
ings of God be upon you. At midnight tonight the
election campaign will come to an end. Therefore, |
hereby inform the Popular Rally for Progress and the
Party for Reviving Democracy that they must end their
campaigns before the deadline. I wish to add that a full
communique will be issued by the government regarding
the end of the campaign before the deadline, which
would have been tomorrow. Remember, the campaigns
ends tonight. God bless you. [end recording]
Other reports on the elections say the mayor of Djibouti
has chaired a meeting attended by all chairmen of
district polling stations at which all technical issues
regarding the forthcoming elections due to take place on
18 December were discussed.
Meanwhile, the first foreign election observers arrived in
the country today. A group of six French officials,
headed by a lawyer, have arrived. More foreign
observers from organizations such as the Arab League,
the OAU, and others are due soon. The duties of these
foreign election observers will be to ensure that the
elections are held in a fair and free manner. These will be
the country’s first multiparty elections.
Ethiopia
Refugee Repatriation From Kenya To Begin
EA1512202592 Addis Ababa Voice »f Ethiopia Network
in Amharic 0930 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Excerpt] One of the UN Office of the High Commis-
sioner for Refugees [UNHCR] branch offices reports
that the week-long repatriation of about 80,000 Ethio-
pian refugees from Kenya is to begin. According to
(Marawan Korin), (?spokesman) for the UNHCR in
Ethiopia, the organization has a plan to repatriate 500
[as heard] refugees from Kenya to Ethiopia every day.
The majority of these refugees, who are from southern
Ethiopia, escaped to Kenya when the Ethiopian People’s
Revolutionary Democratic Front captured Addis Ababa
in May 1991. [passage omitted]
EAST AFRICA 1
Kenya
Police Have ‘Shoot to Kill’ Order in Uasin Gishu
EA1512203492 Nairobi KTN Television in English 1800
GMT 15 Dec 92
{Text} Police Commissioner Philip Kilonzo today issued
a shoot-to-kill order on anyone caught burning houses as
tension continues to prevail in Uasin Gishu District
where unconfirmed reports indicate that 14 people may
have died after renewed inter-ethnic clashes in the last
three days.
Kilonzo led a high-powered delegation of administration
officials who visited Burnt Forest where eight people
were confirmed killed over the weekend after clashes
between members of the Kalenjin and Kikuyu commu-
nities. Rift Valley provincial commissioner, Yusuf Haji,
assured area residents that security would be stepped up
in the region. Fifty-four suspects have so far been
arrested in connection with the clashes.
Other reports say non-Kalenjins living in the area are
vacating their homes in groups, and hundreds are
already camped at St. Patrick's Iten Catholic Mission.
Others are reported heading for Nakuru District.
Reaction to Uasin Gishu Violence
KANU Candidates Comment
EA1512195092 Nairobi KTN Television in English 1000
GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] Renewed inter-ethnic clashes that left eight people
dead in Uasin Gishu have generated mixed reactions from
various quarters. Two KANU [Kenya African National
Union] nominees in the district have blamed opposition
party members for the clashes, while opposition party
members say yesterday's incident was the beginning of
organized clashes in the Rift Valley Province.
Eldoret North and Eldoret East KANU nominees,
William Saina and Joe! Barmasai, last night in a jointly
signed statement accused the opposition of continually
capitalizing on the misery that faced the citizens during
the clashes. While condemning the latest spate of vio-
lence in Eldoret, the two parliamentary aspirants said
they blamed the cowardly hands of some members of the
Opposition in the recent killing of eight people in the
Burnt Forest area. They said they had taken note of a call
by the FORD [Forum for the Restoration of Democ-
racy}-Kenya first vice chairman, Paul Muite, to his
supporters to take up arms and fight fellow Kenyans.
Saina and Barmasai appealed to the Democratic Party
[DP] of Kenya and FORD-Asili to desist from Uasin
Gishu and not to use it as a springboard for Kikuyu
support in Rift Valley.
The statement follows two similar statements last night
issued by the government and the ruling party, KANU,
2 EAST AFRICA
laying the eruption of clashes in several parts of Rift
Valley at the opposition parties’ doorstep.
{[KTN carries further reaction at 1600 GMT: “Arch-
bishop Manasses Kuria, head of the Church of the
Province. of Kenya, today said that steps to put the
violence to an end were unsatisfactory and expressed
concern that the violence may interfere with elections on
the 29th. And the National Council of Churches of
Kenya, NCCK, has requested the government to act
swiftly in bringing an end to the clashes reportedly at
Burnt Forest and Eldoret. In a press release, the secretary
general, Samuc! Kobia, said the church was apprehen-
sive about elections being conducted freely and fairly if
the clashes escalated. He also called upon Kenyans to
refrain from being used to unleash violence.
(“The DP secretary general, John Keen, in a separate
statement, blamed the renewed clashes on inciting state-
ments by certain leaders in the Rift Valley. Keen said the
leaders had warned of dire consequences on those who
did not support KANU in the Rift Valley.
[““And, separately, a group claiming to speak for Kalen-
jins in Nairobi said they saw the renewed clashes as a
plot against the community by the opposition parties.”’]
FORD-Asili Candidates Comment
EA1512200792 Nairobi KNA in English 1630 GMT 15
Dec 92
{Text} Eldoret, 15 Dec (KNA)}—Two parliamentary can-
didates in Uasin Gishu District have denied that oppo-
sition parties in the district were responsible for the
renewed clashes which have hit parts of the area. Julius
Kiiru Chomba and Joseph Mwangi Njuguna, who are
Standing on FORD [Forum for the Restoration of
Democracy]-Asili tickets in Eldoret South and Eldoret
East respectively, denied that their party was involved in
any violent activities in the district as alleged by other
political aspirants, Joel Barmasai and William Morogo
Saina.
To the contrary, the two FORD-Asili candidates charged
that the renewed violence were properly organised and
executed by their political opponents with the support of
a district chairman of a certain political party. They said
the immediate former MP [member of parliament] for
Eldoret South, Dr. Joseph Misoi, and the KANU [Kenya
African National Union] chairman, Mr. Jackson Kibor,
are on record as having cautioned members of some
ethnic communities in the district not to participate in
politics.
The two aspirants called on the alttorney-general to
institute the necessary legal action against all leaders who
preached violence irrespective of their positions in
society.
Saina and Barmasai were reported on KBC radio this
morning as having blamed the renewed clashes on oppo-
sition parties in the district. But in their joint statement,
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1 792
Chomba and Njuguna stressed that the opposition had
nothing to gain from instigation of violence.
They expressed the fear that unless the clashes were
halted and the victims resettled immediately, there
would be no free and fair elections in Uasin Gishu
District. They said what was happening amounted to
election rigging in advance and appealed to the interna-
tional observers to take whatever was happening seri-
ously and move out of Nairobi to see for themselves how
some 25,000 voters have been displaced in Uasin Gishu
during the renewed clashes.
The two aspirants also appealed to the Electoral Com-
mission chairman, Justice Chesoni, to make arrange-
ments so that the clash victims can [be] issued with fresh
identity and voters cards as whatever they had was
destroyed by fire. The two candidates appealed to donor
agencies, the Red Cross and individuals to assist the
clash victims who are now camping in churches and at
the local police station in Burnt Forest area with dona-
tions in either cash or kind. They said the donations can
be channelled through the Catholic, PCEA [Presbyterian
Church of East Africa] and the CPK [Church of the
Province of Kenya] Churches in the area.
Candidate Alleges Guerrillas in Forest
EA1612065192 Nairobi KTN Television in English 1000
GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The FORD [Forum for the Restoration of Democ-
racy}-Asili nominee in Molo, Njenga Mungai, has alleged
that bands of guerrillas are busy constructing structures
and tents in various forests in the Rift Valley Province
and especially in Nakuru District. He also claims that the
alleged guerrillas are stealing livestock from the area
residents to be used as food when the guerrillas mount
guerrilla warfare in Kenya soon after the next elections.
Mungai was speaking to KTN yesterday after addressing
an international press conference at Chester House.
[Begin Mungai recording] | am appealing to KANU
[Kenya African National Union] government to be real-
istic that the responsibility of every Kenyan’s security is
still in the hands of KANU party and its government
until after the general elections where the people's ver-
dict shall decide our next (?decision) at the ballot box.
Can the government tell what structures of temporary
shelters and tents, especially in Ndoinet Forest are being
used for and by whom? Because these structures are
there and people started to feel suspicious that these
Structures are being used by the terrorists. [end
recording]
[Nairobi KNA in English at 1200 GMT on 15 December
carries the following: “A parliamentary candidate for
Molo constituency, Mr. Joseph Kebenei, has refuted
rumours that there were Kalenjin warriors in the forest
ready to attack Kikuyu residents in Molo.
[Talking to the press in Nakuru today, Mr. Kebenei,
who is vying for the Molo seat on a KANU ticket, blasted
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
a certain politician whom he said was going round Molo,
Njoro, and Holo spreading rumours that the warriors
would strike any time. He said the rumours have forced
most residents to flee from their homes in fear of being
invaded. Mr. Kebenei warned the residents against such
politicians who he said were out to cause despondency
during the elections.
(“He said the rumours were unfounded and were aimed
at disrupting peace that prevailed in Molo and especially
after the ethnic clashes. The candidate appealed to all the
aspirants to stop inciting the voters against each other.
He commended Molo residents for maintaining peace
and unity asking them to elect a leader capable of
maintaining this unity.”’}
FORD-Kenya ‘Would Not Accept’ Moi Return
EA1512204492 Nairobi KTN Television in English 1800
GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] Paul Kibugi Muite repeated his threat to the
nation today that if President Moi and KANU [Kenya
African National Union] were returned to power in the
forthcoming general elections on 29 December, Kenya
would become another Somalia. In an open letter to
President Moi, a copy of which was made available to
KTN, Muite, who is FORD [Forum for the Restoration
of Democracy]- Kenya's first vice chairman, said
FORD-Kenya would not accept President Moi and
KANU to be returned to power because he and KANU
were responsible for all the problems afflicting this
country.
Earlier this week, Muite threatened that, should Presi-
dent Moi and KANU win this month’s elections, FORD-
Kenya would start a civil war in this country. Muite’s
utterances have since attracted widespread condemna-
tion from several Kenyans across the country.
Somalia
Ali Mahdi Reaffirms Commitment to Foreign
Troops
EA1512191692 Mogadishu Voice of the Somali
Republic in Somali 1400 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The interim president of Somalia, Mr. Ali Mahdi
Mohamed, has met at his office some officials from the
Somali Salvation Democratic Front, Somali Patriotic
Movement, and United Somali Front. Speaking at the
ceremony, President Ali Mahdi briefed the officials
about his recent meeting with his main rival, General
Aidid, adding that their meeting was cordial and that
they both signed a seven-point peace agreement directed
at ending the differences which have been dragging on
for a year between the rival factions of the United Somali
Congress [USC]. The president further said that tech-
nical committees had been named to study existing
problems in the country with the emphasis on ironing
out differences between the USC factions.
EAST AFRICA 3
The president said it was essential that the people of this
country realize where their interests lay. President
Mahdi said Somalis must settle their differences in their
national interest. We must make sacrifices in order to
restore brotherly love, said the president. He said that
national unity and Somali patriotism had been dealt a
serious blow and it was therefore the duty of all of us to
work hard io mend what had been damaged. He said that
a bleeding wound has to be nursed carefully if you want
it to heal.
Speaking about the foreign troops which have come into
the country, the president said the interim government
had always called for the arrival of foreign troops in
Somalia to safeguard food aid donated by the interna-
tional community. Therefore, every Somali is duty
bound to give support to the foreign troops in achieving
their objectives.
In conclusion, President Mahdi said that on | January, a
meeting will be held in Addis Ababa to prepare the
ground for a national reconciliation conference. The UN
chief is expected to attend the conference, said Mr.
Mahdi. He called on the movements to work hard to find
a lasting and acceptable solution to the crisis in Somalia.
The representatives of the various movements who met
the president hailed him for having struck a peace deal
with his major rival, Gen. Aidid, and assured him of
their unswerving support, while wishing the Somali
people speedy peace and the realization of much-needed
national unity. The movements lastly called on the
interim president to continue tirelessly with his peace
efforts.
Latest Developments on Relief Efforts 16 Dec
Legionnaires Leave ‘Kilometer 4°
AB1512184292 Paris AFP in English 1830 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Excerpts] Mogadishu, Dec 15 (AFP) - French foreign
legionnaires were Tuesday [15 December] ordered to
leave the Kilometre 4 crossroads in Mogadishu, where
two violent incidents involving Somalis have stoked
tensions, a French military officer said.
Colonel Jean-Pierre Perouge said the troops did not have
instructions sufficient to guarantee their own safety in
the event of trouble.
In an interview for state-owned France 2 television, the
main warlord in Mogadishu and southern Somalia, Gen-
eral Mohamed Farah Aidid, said he wanted “these men
(the legionnaires) replaced by French regular troops.”
Aidid said he had ,yut the request to the special French
envoy named to Somalia by President Francois Mitter-
rand, Michel de Bonnecorse, the ambassador to Nairobi.
A Somali woman accused of sleeping with French for-
eign legionnaires was stripped naked and beaten by a
4 EAST AFRICA
mob Monday at the site outside the hotel where hun-
dreds of foreign journalists are staying.
The daily Oxa Ogaal Tuesday iccatified the woman as
Leila Hassan Sedik and said she had “confessed to
spending Sunday night with the legionnaires.”
The paper added that militiamen of Aidid’s United
Somali Congress (USC) were interrogating the woman,
who was Monday reported not to have been badly hurt in
the attack, filmed by the world’s press.
Perouge denied the accusations against her.
“An enquiry has been carried out and these charges are
materially impossible,” he told AFP.
Military sources earlier said the legionnaires had simply
sought to protect the woman by driving her away from a
hostile crowd which then caught up with her.
That incident followed the deaths of two Somalis last
week at the same place when their truck smashed
through a roadblock set up by legionnaires who opened
fire. [passage omitted]
“The legionnaires were the first to arrive here and they
disarmed the district,” according to Mohamed Jirveh
Hussein, owner of the K4 hotel, named for its location.
“Many youths who had been fighting until then resent
them for it.”
“That's why they're accused of being rude, and many
stories are going around about their behaviour in Dji-
bouti,”” Mohamed Jirveh added. “But I must say that
I've seen nothing to justify this opinion and they've
always been very polite to me.” [passage omitted]
Troops Arrive in Baidoa
AB1612080092 Paris AFP in English 0518 GMT 16 Dec 92
{By Francois-Xavier Harispe]
[Text] Baidoa, Somalia, Dec 16 (AFP)}—U-.S. and French
troops drove into the famine-stricken town of Baidoa
shortly after dawn Wednesday [16 December] meeting
no resistance from the gunmen who have terrorised this
bush town for months. No shots have been heard since
daybreak in Baidoa and the “technicals”, the four-wheel
drive vehicles equipped with machine-guns and can-
nons, had all disappeared. Those Somalis who own guns
have hidden them.
Once in Baidoa, the convoy took the road to the airport
avoiding the main street which goes right through the
town. A big American flag flew from one of the front
vehicles while smaller tricolour flags fluttered from the
French troop carriers.
U.S. jet fighters overflew Baidoa in the hours before the
convoy arrived. The low-altitude flights, at intervals of
about four minutes, began around 3:30 a.m. (0130 GMT).
FBIS-4 FR-92-242
16 December 1992
Since 04:00 A.M. three helicopter gunships, two Hueys and
a Cobra, have been circling over Baidoa which is nearly 300
kilometers (180 miles) north west of Mogadishu.
The convoy of about 530 U.S. Marines and 130 French
legionnaires aboard 70 lorries set off overnight from the
Bali Dogle Air Base about 100 kilometers (60 miles) west
of the Somali capital.
U.S. special envoy Robert Oakley earlier warned local
leaders to keep gunmen off the streets and away from the
airport. Almost everyone is armed here.
Aid agencies have complained of an upsurge in attacks
by armed looters since the foreign forces landed in
Mogadishu last Wednesday [9 December] to protect
food for the country’s starving millions. Relief efforts
have been virtually halted by gunmen wo have plun-
dered up to 80 percent of food aid sent here. According
to U.N. officials in Mogadishu, up to 1,000 Somalis ar-
Starving to death daily in a famine caused by nearly two
years of factional fighting and anarchy. Somalia has been
without a government, police force, telecommunications
or electricity since the bloody overthrow of dictator
Mohamed Siad Barre in January 1991.
French Commander Says Somalis Not Being
Disarmed
LD1612113092 Paris Radio France International in
French 0630 GMT 16 Dec 92
[Text] Ford will now be following the soldiers to Baidoa.
The distrioution of food will be the soldier's primary
objective. Christophe Boisbouvier asked Colonel [Ber-
trand] Bourgain who commands the French legionnaires,
the troops who have been sent into this region, whether
the American and French troops are going to try to
disarm the Somali militias in Baidoa and the sur-
rounding region:
{Begin recording} [Bourgain] Not at all.
[Boisbouvier] And yet this is one of the United Nation's
objectives which has been supported by the French
Government.
[Bourgain} For the moment we are carrying out the
orders given to us by the Americans, as the govern-
ment—our political leaders, those who sent us here—
have told us.
[Boisbouvier] So, for the present you are allowing armed
men to circulate in town.
[Bourgain] That is correct. This is very clear.
[Boisbouvier] Without controlling them?
[Bourgain] Without any controls on armed men. Every-
body is armed here.
[Boisbouvier] Do you personally understand this sort of
order?
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
[Bourgain] Yes, because if we disarm [the militias] we
are not supplying the people. We have to show that we
are strong enough so that they are not tempted to harass
us. This is what we are doing. This is what justifies this
massive deployment and allows us to proceed with
supplies to the people. This is our mission. [end
recording]
Uganda
Museveni Fetes Visiting Burundian President
EA1512121192 Kampala Radio Uganda Network in
English 0700 GMT 5 Dec 92
{Excerpt} President Yoweri Museveni has hailed the
cordial relations existing between Uganda and Burundi
which, he said, signifies that time has come for Africans
to emphasize the bonds that unite rather than divide
them. Speaking at a state dinner which was hosted in
honor of the visiting Burundi head of state, Major Pierre
Buyoya, at Sheraton Hotel in Kampala last night, Pres-
ident Museveni said that specific areas of cooperation in
trade, transport, and culture have been identified
between Uganda and Burundi and what must be done
now is to consolidate this cooperation.
Mr. Museveni noted that economic development of the
eastern African subregion in particular and that of Africa
in general is the responsibility of the African govern-
ments and populations. He said any outside input should
be only complementary to these efforts. He said that
consolidation of these efforts and cooperation, especially
through the PTA [Preferential Trade Area] and the OAU
should be aimed at facilitating the unification of the
continent. Mr. Museveni emphasized thai since the
economies of the two countries are still hampered by low
levels of industrialization and production of the same
raw materials which lead to unfavorable international
terms of trade, it’s crucial to come together to rationalize
production and development of materials and human
resources. He said that these will keep the continent in
step with other nations of the world.
He said that the NRM [National Resistance Movement}
is committed to democratic government and, since it
took office in 1986, it has striven to create the environ-
ment in which democracy can thrive. On this note, he
said, there is a desire to harness the bonds of cooperation
EAST AFRICA
between the two countries in a bid to face the challenges
as well as hoping this last decade of the 20th century.
[sentence as heard]
President Buyoya, on his part, said that Burundi appre-
Ciates the positive strides that have already been taken
by the NRM government which have ushered in a period
of peace and stability in Uganda. He said that the
Republic of Burundi has the same interests and has
followed up this initiative by prioritizing on policies that
facilitate democratization in the context of the national
and international aspirations. He noted that Burundi
and Uganda are both partners in a number of regional
and continental organizations and his government hopes
to consolidate these initiatives through economic coop-
eration as people of both countries work together to
achieve pusitive aspirations. [passage omitted]
Burundi President Speaks on Democracy
EA1512204792 Kampala Radio Uganda Network in
English 1700 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Excerpt] President Pierre Buyoya of Burundi has called for
greater unity among African people in order to achieve the
democratic process. Addressing members of the African
diplomatic corps in Uganda, President Buyoya said Afri-
cans must find appropriate solutions to African problems
using appropriate means within the African context. He
said, without unity, the democratic process which is
sweeping the conti..ent cannot be realized.
The Burundi leader said the democratic process in Africa
is sometimes difficult and contradictory because the
African people are not mature enough to understand
democracy. He said it is because of this that instability,
insecurity, ethnic conflicts, and divisionism are created.
He said only greater unity can reverse this difficult
situation. He appealed for regional and sub-regional
cooperation amongst African countries, adding that no
country can go it alone.
He said Burundi is putting the first priority to national
unity and reconciliation by creating a new society with
freedom and justice for all. He said its charter on unity
gives guidelines on creating unity in every sector of life
as a lasting solution to the civil strife caused by ethnic
conflicts. President Buyoya said his country is democra-
lizing institutions. [passage omitted]
6 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
DP-ANC in Dispute Over Meeting Disruption
MB1612074592 Johannesburg SABC TV 1 Network in
English 1800 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The Democratic Party [DP] and the ANC
[African National Congress] are locked in dispute over
the disruption of a DP meeting in Khayelitsha in Cape
Town last night.
Chairs were hurled at speakers and several people were
assaulted. The DP says a regional executive member of
the ANC was involved and at no time did she attempt to
end the violence. Not so, says the western Cape ANC
chairman.
[Begin recording] [Western Cape ANC Chairman Allan
Boesak] Since earlier today another organization, APLA
{[Azanian People’s Liberation Army], has claimed
responsibility for what happened there last night. Obvi-
ously the ANC condemns any such action wherever it
happens because we firmly believe that there should be
free political activity anywhere in the country, whether it
is in Cape Town or in Bloemfontein or in Ulundi.
[Western Cape DP Chairman Jasper Walsh] There were
senior ANC members present. Not a single person lifted
a finger to try and stop what happened tonight. Last
night, in fact, some of them were involved and clearly
were leading the process so we must accept that they
were part of a [pauses] that it was a pre-planned exercise
and they were part of that planning.
[Boesak] In a country like ours where the wounds of
apartheid have not only not healed, but are still being
inflicted on people, there will be some quite clear reac-
tions from the community to certain people who come
there and then that was the case with Mr. de Klerk’s visit
to Mitchell's Plain, it was the case last night with the DP
and I suspect we will continue to have that for a little
while into the future.
[Walsh] We operate among South Africa's people. We
will go back to Khayelitsha. We have a branch estab-
lished there. The meeting last night was called by our
members in that area and we will go back early in the
new year. [end recording]
DP Accuses ANC of ‘Hypocrisy and Racism’
MB1612115692 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1127
GMT 16 Dec 92
[Text] Cape Town Dec 16 SAPA—Democratic Party
[DP] reaction to the disruption of a meeting in
Khayelitsha outside Cape Town on Monday [1/4
December] nigh continued on Wednesday with an MP
[Member of Parliament] accusing the African National
Congress [ANC] of hypocrisy and racism.
The DPs Ken Andrew was reacting on Wednesday to
ANC statements first blaming the Pan-Africanist Con-
gress [PAC] for the disruption, then apologising to the
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
PAC and saying political organisations had the right to
propagate their own policies.
ANC regional chairman Dr Allan Boesak said however
the DP had been “outrageous in its insensitivity” when it
claimed not to have been involved in violence.
Mr Andrew on Wednesday alleged ANC office bearers
and supporters had broken up the meeting, during which
chairs were reportedly hurled at two DP MPs.
Although Dr Boesak had said the DP had the right to
speak, he “immediately gave reasons why the DP should
not hold meetings in Khayelitsha”.
Mr Andrew said a Ms Nomatyala Hangana,. who had been at
the meeting, “has the gall to make the racist suggestion that
the DP should ‘first settle the white areas’.”
“Perhaps she is sorry the improper political interference
act was repealed so that political parties are not required
by law to be racially exclusive.”
Dr Boesak said Ms Hangana attended the meeting to try
and ensure order after hearing rumours the gathering
would be disrupted.
Mr Andrew said Mr Boesak was hypocritical in warning
the DP “of the deep hostility towards political parties
operating within the tricameral parliamentary system
while the ANC itself is happy to have tricameral MPS,
including two who are on Dr Boesak’s own ANC regional
executive”.
The MP said the ANC would be judged in the end by
“the actions of its members and supporters—and by the
disc’ dinary steps taken by its office-bearers against
th .e who violate democratic principles as happened in
Khayeli?sha on Monday night”.
PAC Urges UN To Chair New Talks Forum
MB1512150992 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1429
GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] Johannesburg Dec 15 SAPA—The Pan Africanist
Congress [PAC] on Tuesday [15 December] called on
United Nations Secretary-Genera!l Dr. Butrus Butrus-
Ghali to send a high-powered delegation to South Africa
to convene and chair a new negotiations forum.
PAC Secretary for Political Affairs Jaki Seroke said Dr.
Butrus-Ghali should also increase the UN observer mis-
sion’s mandate in South Africa to enable monitors to
take measures to prevent violence.
Mr. Seroke was reacting to UNOMSA [United Nations
Observer Mission in South Africa] head Angela King’s
statement that they could not accept the PAC’s invitation to
visit areas in the Transkei where APLA [Azanian People’s
Liberation Army] bases are alleged to exist because they are
in South Africa to observe and not investigate.
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
“There is little sense in the UN presence if they are
merely going to compile statistics of deaths through
violence,” Mr. Seroke said.
He also reiterated the PAC would not allow the Gold-
stone Commission to investigate the PAC or its armed
wing, as they were not involved in “sectarian violence”.
“Legitimate armed struggle is not subject to scrutiny. It
is a matter for complete transfer of political power and
the land to the African people,” Mr. Seroke said.
Patriotic Front Supports APLA Judicial Inquiry
MB1512175892 Johannesburg Afrikaans Stereo Radio
Network in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The Patriotic Front has expressed its support for
Transkei’s announcement that it is to order a judicial
inquiry into the activities of private armies and the
South African Defense Force [SADF], and in particular
the Azanian People’s Libe wion Army's [APLA] bases.
Representatives of the Patrivtic Front met in Johannes-
burg under the chairmanship of ANC [African National
Congress] leader Nelson Mandela to give feedback on
the recent bilateral talks with the government and on the
recent Frontline States conference in Harare. In a joint
Statement, they said that any action by the government
to ignore the request will be unacceptable. They also said
they view Law and Order Minister Hernus Kriel’s recent
remarks on cross border attacks on certain targets in the
Transkei as unjustified.
Hani ‘In Effect’ Slams APLA for Attacks
MB1512143192 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1321
GMT 15 Dec 92
[By Raphael Banda}
[Text] Johannesburg Dec 15 SAPA—South African
Communist Party [SACP] Chief Chris Hani on Tuesday
[15 December] came out clearly in favour of a negotiated
settlement to the country’s political problems and in
effect slammed the Pan Africanist Congress’ [PAC] mil-
itary wing for staging attacks against white civilians.
But he warned that any military attack by South Africa
against military-ruled Transkei to root out APLA [Aza-
nian People’s Liberation Army] fighters would endanger
the fragile peace process.
“We do not believe that this is the time to be waging a
war when the general feeling in this country is that we
must quickly negotiate for a democratic dispensation,”
Mr. Hani told SAPA in an interview.
Mr. Hani spoke after he attended a meeting of members
G. the Patriotic Front who engaged the government in
talks for a new political order within the Convention of
a Democratic South Africa (Codesa).
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 7
“It 1s regrettable that some organisations continue with
military operations when they themselves are involved
iM negotiations with the government,” the SACP secre-
tary-general said.
“I respect the right of each and every organisation to adopt
its own strategies. (But) I think the killing of civilians, blacks
or white, should be condemned by all of us.”
The PAC military wing, the Azanian People’s Liberation
Army, claimed responsibility for the attack on a wine-
tasting party at King William's Town last month which
triggered a fresh row with the government. Four people
died and a week later a restaurant in Queenstown was
bombed, killing one person.
Last week Law and Order Minister Hernus Kriel warned
the government -ould lawnch cross-border raids into
Zimbabwe and Transkei in pursuit of the alleged
attackers.
Zimbabwe has said it has no bases for APLA militants and
Transkei has said it is prepared to join an investigation into
allegations of APLA’s existence in the homeland.
“We are negotiating in this country and we cannot accept
the situation where we can go back to the methods that
were used before the unbanning of the organisations.
“You can imagine the effects of cross-border raids on the
whole process of negotiations and the attempts to end
violence in this country.” Mr. Hani said in reference to the
threat by Mr. Kriel of cross-border military incursions.
African Nationai Congress [ANC] President Nelson
Mandela chaired the patriotic front meeting on Tuesday,
which agreed the political crisis in the country should be
speedily resolved through multiparty talks and that the
Codesa forum should be revived.
“The meeting was of the view thai it is now more than
ever urgent that the political crisis in our country be
resolved speedily through multilateral negotiations in
Codesa,” ANC Deputy Secretar y- General Jacob Zuma
told a news conference, reading a joint statement.
“The meeting agreed that multilateral negotiations in
Codesa should resume speedily. To this end Codesa
should be restructured to allow for other parties to join
in this forum and to ensure that it functions efficiently
and with a greater degree of openness to the public”.
The PAC, which has shunned Codesa but was an archi-
tect of the Patriotic Front [PF], did not attend the talks.
ANC spokeswoman Gill Marcus said the meeting was for
PF members that took pari in stalled Codesa talks.
FBIS-AFR-92-242
x REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 16 December 1992
Participants at the talks on Tuesday agreed that there
should be a “firm and clear agreement” with regard to
tume-frames for a!) ohases of the transition to a demo-
cratic order.
“In particular, the meeting resolved that elections which
establish the constituent assembly and an interim gov-
ernment be held by no later than the end of 1993." Mr.
Zuma said.
‘The meeting was convinced that this time-scale is
achievable and that it would give direction and certainty
to the process”.
The government has proposed elections for an interim
government should be held in early 1994.
Battles for political supremacy have killed more than
6.000 people since President F.W. de Kierk unbanned
the ANC and other political organisations in 1990,
setting the couftry on a search for a peaceful co-
existence among the race groups.
Patriotic Front on Multiparty Talks, Time Scales
MB1512182892 Johannesburg Racio South Africa
Network in English 1600 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Excerpts] The Patriotic Front has expressed its support
for Transkei’s announcement that it’s to order a judicial
inquiry into the activities of private armies and the
South African Defense Force, and in particular allega-
wons about APLA [Azanian People’s Liberation Army]
bases. [passage omitted]
The Patriotic Front parties repeated that multiparty
negctiations through Codesa [Convention for a Demo-
cratic South Africa] should be resumed as soon as
possible, and that Codesa should be reconstructed so
that other parties could join the negotiation forum.
The parties also agreed it was necessary there should be
clear agreement on time scales for all transitional phases
to democracy. There should especially be agreement that
the election of a constituent assembly and an interim
government should be held no later than 1993. The
Patriotic Front parties also reassociated themselves with
agreements reached so far at Codesa.
Our political news staff reports that neither the PAC
[Pan-Africanist Congress} nor AZAPO [Azanian Peo-
ple’s Organization] attended the meeting.
Meanwhile, the Secretary General of the South African
Communist Party Chris Hani says that although he
respects the rights of each organization to adopt its own
strategies, he thinks the killing of civilians—black or
white—should be condemned. However, Mr. Hani told
SAPA in an interview that any military attack by South
Africa against military-ruled Transkei to root out APLA
fighters would endanger the fragile peace process.
Clinton Cabinet Appointments ‘Insensitive’
MB1512135392 Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
tneglish 15 Dec 92 7 4
[Article by Simon Barber in Washington: “Clinton's
“Mirror Image’ of the U.S. is a Warped Vision™}
[Text] In reporting President-elect Bill Clinton's cabinet
appointments last week the U.S. media concenirated as
much on the race and sex of the nominees as on their
qualifications. Clinton, having promised that his team
would “reflect America,” a country that contains people
of both sexes and many races, staged his announcements
in such a way as to encourage this emphasis in coverage.
On Thursday [10 December], he unveiied his top eco-
nomic picks—Senator Lloyd Bentsen for Treasury, Con-
gressman Leon Panetta for budget direcior, Will Streeter
(and generous campaign contributor) Barry Rubin for
the new post of National Economic Council chairman.
Ail white males Oops. Something had to be done, and it
was. Clinton took the unurual step of also announcing
their deputies. Panetta’s wa; to be Alice Rivlin, formerly
of the Congressional Budge’ Office.
On Friday. Clinton did more ts aione. The health and
human services department, the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency and the Council of Economic Advisers were
all given to women. The altuudinally disadvantaged also
got a look im as the diminutive Harvard intellectual
Robert Reich. a friend of Clinton's, was tossed [to] the
labour department.
That night. the pundits were confidently predicting that
the next round of nominations wouid go to “persons of
colour.” On Saturday, Clinton duly tapped Democratic
Party chairman Ron Brown, who is black, as secretary of
commerce. Word was spread that Hispanic Henry Cis-
neros, former mayor of San Antonio, Texas, would be
given housing and urban development.
Clinton thinks he is being “sensitive” and is contriving
to have the world applaud. In truth, he is being quite the
opposite, though few will say so for fear of being branded
“insensitive.” By announcing that he wants an adminis-
tration that “reflects America” in terms of characteris-
tics its people are bovn with, he is saying that his basis for
selection is not so much the content of character or
accomplishment as externals, and is thus axiomatically
degrading all h:: appointments.
Blacks, above ail, are being obliged to continue living under
the stigma of suspicion that their elevation is due solely to
the white man’s condescension. The suspicion is accentu-
ated by the fact that administration jobs that really matter—
Treasury, state and defence—will all, as usual, end up in
white male hands now that Gen Colin Powell, chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff and a man of unsurpassed calibre.
has dropped from the running for state.
The pharisaic “sensitivity” of Clinton and so many
others, and what it implies about the real state of race
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
relations im this country, goes some way to explaining the
current resurrection of Malcolm X. Spike Lee's newly
released biopic and the Hollywood megahype that pre-
ceded it are not the only reasons “X" T-shirts, caps and
other paraphernalia are selling like hot cakes all over the
country.
Malcolm X's insight, lost in the hysteria provoked by the
violence of his rhetoric and his murder in 1965, was this:
equal rights, integration, a ~ 2! ve action, hiring
quotas, all the demands o: «x ‘:: ‘tional civil rights
movement, would not s:.« bieck Americans from
second class citizenship “arginaiisation and being
beaten by Los Angeles p ‘Ticers~-indeed, they
would keep them there—wiunout one extra, critical,
ingredient. Dignity.
Malcolm X had no time for Martin Luther King and his
followers because he believed they were letting the white
establishment off the hook by allowing the victim-
oppressor relationship to continue. Therein. he said, lay
the hypocrisy of the civil rights era: “You pretend that
you're my brother, and I pretend that I really believe you
believe I'm your brother.”
Who, after all, was granting and extending the previously
denied rights and agreeing to <alegrate his schools,
factories and public places? Tne white man. And who
was meekly doing the Sorgiving for generations of bru-
tality in return foi access to the plantation house? The
black man. who thus allowed himself to remain an
object, if no longer of neglect and outright cruelty, then
of compassion and its corollary, condescension.
Partisaiis Of King, and of the Christian tradition, would say
there is dignity in forgiveness and turning the other cheek.
Malcolm X, who converted to Islam while serving a
nine-year sentence for robbery that changed his life,
disagreed. “The blue- eyed devil” must first be made to
respect, otherwise he would remain at heart a contemp-
tuous alms-giver.
Hence the language of hate and violence. “If we have a
funeral in Harlem, make sure they have one do wntown,
too,” he would say. Dangerous talk, but largely meta-
phorical, designed to send a simple message to whites. As
the black writer Shelby Steele, author of The Content of
Character, recently summed it up: “We are human
enough to want to kill you for what you have done to us.
How does it feel to have people you have never paid
much attention to want to kill you?”
The message was aimed at blacks as well, telling them
they should be as prepared to fight and die for their
freedoms as whites were. Steele again: “Many times
(Malcolm) told his audiences that whites would not be
ready to respect them unless they used ‘any means
necessary’ to seize freedom. For a minority outnum-
bered 10 to one this was not rational. But it was a point
that needed to be made in the name of dignity. It was
something that many blacks needed to feel about them-
selves, that there was a line no one could cross.”
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 9
Dignity, Malcoim X knew, was not something that couidt
simply be granted from outside. It also had to come from
within.
He adamantly believed that to obtain the uncondition2;
respect of whites, black: would have to begin by
respecting themselves.
His childhood was rough, though not in the way por-
trayed in the film. His father was a womaniser who
moved from job to job and was often violent with his
children. After the old man’s death, the boy was taken
from his mother dy a state welfare agency. He spent his
early adult lie as a street hustler with a taste for white
women and cocaine. Then came jail and transformation.
Fired up by the teachings of Black Muslim leader Elijah
Muhammad, the man who emerged was a burning
ascetic, convinced that inner dignity could come only
from total self-mastery, and he was scrupulou: in his
adherence to the Koran’s strictures against drugs.
alcohol, t¢bacco, adultery and extra-marital sex—a puri-
tanism Spike Lee explicitly contrasts in the film to
King’s less than monkish behaviour. His thoughts on
family values, women and homosexuality were decidedly
incorrect by present standards. He lived humbly,
brezking with the Black Muslims as much over their
misuse of funds as over their leader's serial infidelities.
With self-mastery, self-help to the point of separatism.
Maicolm X was an unabashed black nationalist. Blacks,
he insisted, woul’ never be accorded full equality unless
they were respected, and respected themselves, for what
they were, what they knew—in prison he became a
voracious reader—and what they had achieved. He
therefore sneered at government programmes, including
passage of the 1964 Civils Rights Act, secing them as a
white con trick to keep the black man in his place, servile
to the ministrations of white liberals.
“A hungry man will dislike you if you refuse to give him
help,” he once said. “He will hate you if you promise help
and give him a cheque that bounces.” Since the “60s, the
U.S. has signed many cheques, and most of them have
bounced. Malcolm X would say this was because they were
never written in the right currency: dignity. Clinton's per-
formance this past week is just another case in point.
Satair Denies Leasing Russian Aircraft
MBI512175992 Johannesburg Channel Africa Radio in
English 1100 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The South African cargo carricr, Safair, hes
strongly denied allegations by the Zimbabwean Govern-
ment that it intends leasing Russian aircraft for military
purposes. This follows a protest made by Zimbabwean
Foreign Affairs Minister Nathan Shamuyarira over an
aircraft agreement signed between Safair and a Russian
company, which he maintains is breaching the United
Nations arms embargo against South Africa.
10 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Reacting to the allegations, a Safair spokesman categor-
ically denied any links with the South African Govern-
ment. He said although an aviation agreement had been
signed, it was purely on a commercial basis and no deals
have yet been finalized to bring Russian aircraft into the
country.
ANC Military Wing Training Abroad Detaile?
MB1612110392 Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans
14 Dec 92 p 1
{Report by Johan van Wyk and Gallie van Rensburg:
“10,000 MKs Being Trained—Conventional Warfare
Being Learned in Uganda, Tanzania’’]
{Text} More than 10,000 members of Umkhonto we
Sizwe [Spear of the Nation—MK], the ANC’s [African
National Congress] military wing, among them a number
of white recruits, are at present being trained in conven-
tional warfare at bases in Uganda and Tanzania.
According to informed sources, some of them are being
trained for MiG-15 fighter planes at Nakasangola Camp
in Uganda by instructors from Libya and Ethiopia. The
camp accomodates about !,000 MK members.
In the other camps courses are believed to provide
artillery, tank, infantry, anti-aircraft, radar, engineering,
and missile training. The instructors are said to consist
of MK members from Uganda, Tanzania, North Korea,
and even Eastern Europe.
At the same time non-commissioned officer, as well as
officer, courses up to the levels of captain and major are
being offered at several camps such as that as Jinja in
Bomba, Uganda.
The cream of MK cadres who have passed the courses in
the two African countries are then sent to Nigeria and
India for senior officer courses. These courses are appar-
ently as good as similar courses offered in the South
Affrican Defense Force [SADF.
According to military strategists, this training in conven-
tional warfare is aimed at raising MK’s standards to
match those of the SADF should MK be integrated in
future. This theory was confirmed by MK Chief of Staff
Siphiwe Nvanda in the latest issue of the ANC magazine,
MAYIBUYE. He told the magazine that he sees MK as
one of the building blocks of a future defense force in a
democratic South Africa.
MK is a guerrilla army which is transforming itself into
a conventional army. Officers are being trained so that
MK “can make an impression,” he says. The officer
training being provided is for the army, the air force, and
the navy, and includes non-commissioned officers,
junior, and senior officers.
According to reliable sources, the ANC has continued its
aggressive recuitment campaign in the second half of this
vear. More than 1,100 recruits have been flown to
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Uganda and Tanzania since July, at a cost of about
170,000 rands per chartered flight for 150 recruits.
This has brought the number of ANC members being
trained there to more than 10,000 (about 7,000 in
Uganda and 4,000 in Tanzania), and many more are
being recruited in South Africa daily, ‘t is reported.
According to information in BEELD’s possession, there
are at least 15 bases in Uganda and Tanzania where MK
members are taken through courses from ordinary
schooling up to advanced weapons and officer courses.
The Ugandan and Tanzanian defense forces are report-
edly closely involved in the training of MK members,
and they share several bases. The two countries also
provide much logistical assistance. The Uganda defense
force, for example, is totally resposible for the ANC’s
logistics in that country.
It is also reported that the Organization of African
Unity’s Liberation Committee provides large sums of
money to the ANC for training. According to BEELD’s
sources, Libya and North Korea are the most important
donors of weapons.
RSA Urged To Return KaNgwane to Swaziland
MB1512204992 Mbabane Radio Swaziland Network in
English 1600 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] Pro-unification Swazis in the kaNgwane home-
land have called on the South African Government to
return the homeland to the greater Swaziland because it
was illegally taken. During a meeting of Insika yaMswati
Party [Mswati’s Pillar Party] held at Enhlazatshe
Crossing, the Swazis resolved to hold a big meeting next
year to discuss the border adjustment issue. They
resolved that th.v don’t want to abandon Swazi culture
and custom.
During the meeting the Swazis, all members of Insika
yaMswati, discussed that the United Nations gave
money to the kaNgwane homeland authorities for use in
the homeland to fight drought, but that money is not
properly used, and Inyandza [United Party] is claiming
that the money came from their pockets. It was resolved
that in 1988 Inyandza Party misled the members of the
Insika Party and are intending to do it again next year
during the elections in the homeland.
Union Against Seven-Day Week for Mineworkers
MB1612080492 Johannesburg Radio South Africa
Network in English 0500 GMT 16 Dec 92
[Text] The National Union of Mine Workers [NUM],
has warned the government that it’s heading for confron-
tation if it allows mines to switch to a seven-day opera-
tion. The organization said in a statement that such a
step should involve negotiations with unions. It said that
mine experts agreed that South African mine workers
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
spent too much time underground, namely up to 50
hours a week, compared with less than 35 hours in other
major mining countries. It added that safety and health
could be compromised if supervision standards were not
maintained over weekends.
The mines want to change to a seven-day working week
in an attempt to save jobs in the troubled mining
industry.
15 December Review of Current Events, Issues
MB1512140192
[Editorial Report]
THE STAR
Holomisa-Buthelezi ‘Slanging Match’—The “slanging
match” between Transkei leader Bantu Holomisa and
Mangosuthu Buthelezi of the Inkatha Freedom Party “is
a classic case of the pot calling the kettle black,” says a
page 16 editorial in Johannesburg THE STAR in English
on 15 December. Neither man has “advanced the
national debate one iota.” “Their sniping at each other—
from the bunkers of their personal fiefdoms—typifies
much of what has passed for politics in South Africa
during the past year. Matters must improve next year.
The catharsis of 1992 may have been necessary, but
there is no need for the nation to put up with gratuitous
belligerence forever.”
CITY PRESS
Law, Order Minister ‘Beating the War Drums’—
Referring to Law and Order Minister Hernus Kriel’s
threats of military action against Transkei and Zim-
babwe, Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English on 13
December says: “For SA to be beating the war drums at
a time when the subcontinent needs peace more than
anything else is unacceptable and unjustifiable. Is it
more than a coincidence that Kriel’s threats against
Zimbabwe come at a time when that country has been
making claims that SA has violated its airspace several
times in recent weeks?” CITY PRESS suggests that “‘to
preserve his own image, F.W. de Klerk must rein in
hawks like Kriel who are spoiling for unnecessary con-
frontation.”
16 December Review of Current Events, Issues
MB1612122892
[Editorial Report]
THE STAR
PAC Must Impose Talks/War Decision on APLA—
Johannesburg THE STAR in English on 16 December in
a page 8 editorial remarks that the Pan-Africanist Con-
gress’, PAC, Johnson Mlambo let it be known in an
interview with the paper that he ‘“‘was relieved of his
APLA [Azanian People’s Liberation Army] post” of
commander-in-chief in April, “and that there is no
commander-in-chief at this point. Most convenient
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA il
that—and unpleasantly reminiscent of certain Govern-
ment ministers who desert portfolios just before major
scandals are exposed.” Reading “between the lines” of
Johnson's remarks “it appears that the PAC leadership
believes APLA is responsible for the new campaign, but
knows very little about it.” “We believe most South
Africans are tired of the PAC’s artless sophistry. The
organisation’s leaders must decide whether they want to
negotiate, or fight. And they must impose their decision
on APLA, their bloodthirsty creation.”
SOUTH
NP More Urgent About Negotiations—Cape Town
SOUTH in English for 5-9 December says in its page 6
editorial that the National Party leaders, “with their
timetable for elections, they’re saying to the generals:
Clean up, quick, the journey is now underway—and we
don’t want dirty hands upon arrival. At long last, it
appears that the Nats have realised they can no longer
keep on delaying. The longer they’re in the ring, the more
bloodied they become. And a new ref called Bill Clinton
will soon be doing the counting.”
TRANSVALER
White-Only Conscription Unjust—Johannesburg
TRANSVALER in Afrikaans on 10 December points out
in a page 8 editorial that “a reduced foreign threat and
the shortage of funds has made a scaling-down of the
South African Defense Force [SADF] inevitable. Unfor-
tunately the domestic situation is so explosive that well
trained and disciplined security forces are still necessary
to stop the war between factions from becoming a
full-blown civil war. Already the police have to spend so
much time on unrest prevention that crime prevention is
being scaled down. Without the support of the SADF
their task would be impossible. Therefore the steps
announced by the SADF to make it more flexible are to
be welcomed. Young volunteers of all races will be given
the opportunity to do voluntary military service for a
period of 2 to 10 years.” “This is hopefully the first step
in the phasing out of the present unjust system which
makes it compulsory only for whites to serve in the
defense force.”
Criticism of Private, Civil Service Fraud—A page 8
editorial in Johannesburg TRANSVALER in Afrikaans
on 11 December says: “Recently the government has
come under harsh criticism—and justly so—for fraud,
corruption, and other irregularities in the civil service.
The time has come, however, for similarly harsh criti-
cism for malpractices within the private sector.” The
Office of Serious Economic Offenses is investigating
fraud cases involving amounts of “about 350 billion
rand—-an amount equal to the annual gross domestic
product. Fortunately there are signs that the business
sector is itself giving urgent attention to this issue. The
Institute of Directors has already set up a task force to try
to prevent such activities.” “Everyone, from the highest
12 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
to the lowest, must be involved to prevent South Africa,
which is already sinking in several areas, from becoming
a gangster land.”
Farmers’ Debt Cannot Be Written Off—A second edito-
rial on the same page notes the “sympathy” for the
farmers, who have been hit by one of the worst and
longest droughts in memory. Estimates show “up to
5,000 farmers will lose their farms and means of living.
The downturn in their industry has far-reaching effects.
It has 7» almost disastrous influence on the whole South
Africa economy and job provision. Nevertheless, the
government cannot but refuse to write off farmers’ debt
of about 1.200 million rand owed to the state. Farming is
not the only sector of the economy which has been hard
hit. The disturbing number of liquidations of companies
and closed corporations are testimony to this. It would
therefore be unfair to only write off the farmers’ debt,
especially as for a number of years now the industry has
been heavily subsidized.”
BEELD
Holomisa’s Destabilizing Politics—Johannesburg
BEELD in Afrikaans on 14 December views in a page 14
editorial that “The TBVC [Transkei, Bophuthatswana,
Venda, Ciskei] states are one of the problems which will
have to be addressed in a future constitutional dispen-
sation. At present they represent a mixture of stubborn-
ness and despotism which will certainly not facilitate
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
their reincorporation.” Transkei’s General Bantu Holo-
misa “is a case in point. His actions make it clear that on
the one hand these leaders want to be totally indepen-
dent, while on the other hand they claim the right to
interfere in South Africa's affairs. Gen. Holomisa com-
plains loudly because the finger is pointing at his country
as a purported patron of APLA, the PAC military wing.”
Gen. Holomisa should “rather concentrate on finding
out what is happening in his own country and not cause
problems in the broader negotiation process which
includes national states and homelands. His ANC
{African National Congress] allies should call him, the
PAC, and APLA to their senses, because they are playing
with fire with their present challenging, destabilizing
brand of politics.”
Correction: BEELD on Rationalization Plan
MB1512142192
The following correction pertains to the item headlined
“More on Rationalization Program,” published in the 15
December Sub Saharan Africa DAILY REPORT, page 19
Page 19, column two, paragraph nine, only sentence
please make read: “...units of the part-time [deeltydse]
forces, 29 units of the full-time [voltydse] forces, and 3
commandos...”, supplying vernacular.
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Angola
UNITA Points for Ending ‘Spectre of War’
MB1512132592 (Clandestine) Voice of the Resistance of
the Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and
Central Africa 1200 GMT 15 Dec 92
{Station commentary: “It Is Wrong and Unacceptable
To Distort the Peace Accords”]
[Text] No one has the right to distort the peace accords,
thereby endangering all the basic agreements signed in
Bicesse on 31 May 1991. The issues of the cease-fire; the
formation of the Angolan Armed Forces [FAA] with the
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
[UNITA] and the government enjoying 50 percent parity
each; and the holding of free, fair, and honest elections
are of highest importance, and are even the pillars of the
entire Angolan peace process.
The signatories, the observer countries—notably the
United States—and the United Nations have the duty to
ensure that the spirit and letter of the accords are
complied with. What we are witnessing now are major
distortions and systematic violations of what was agreed
on in Bicesse, all with the aim of securing advantages
that will ensure hegemony within the country. Through
the chief of General Staff of its forces, the government
has committed serious violations of the entire peace
process. The United States and the United Nations must
not endorse this paramount fact. Any weakness or emo-
tional behavior could encourage aggression and lead to
disastrous consequences in the country. The situation
must be corrected and peace must be preserved.
UNITA is fully committed to immediate peace throughout
Angolan territory. That is why the cities of Uige and Negage
have been handed over to the government so it can restore
its administration there. That was a very harsh measure, if
one takes into account the situation in the country. In view
of the fact that conditions have been restored for UNITA
and the government to resume talks, both sides must meet
as soon as possible, so that the agenda drawn up at the
Namibe meeting can be concluded and peace made more
secure. The much vaunted peace accords must be complied
with. That meeting must be held under the auspices of the
United Nations.
It is necessary that the government stop attacking
UNITA committees and massacring UNITA officials,
with the mere intention of putting an end to popular
(?support) for UNITA, thereby (favoring) the Popular
Movement for the Liberation of Angola [MPLA] candi-
date in the second round of presidential elections. The
United Nations must organize, verify, and control the
upcoming elections, while keeping the cease-fire alive
through the intervention of UN forces.
These are eleven points that will lead to peace:
1. Reaffirming the importance of the peace accords;
SOUTHERN AFRICA 13
2. Returning to the joint mechanisms that have been
established for supervising the implementation of the
peace accords. The Angolan Government, UNITA, the
U.S., Russian, and Portuguese governments, and the
United Nations are all part of those mechanisms. Such
mechanisms include:
A) The Joint Political and Military Commission
[CCPM];
B) The Joint Verification and Control Commission
[CMVF];
3. With Uige and Negage returned to state administra-
tion. direct talks must resume in line with the decisions
made in Namibe;
4. A broad UN-supervised cease-fire must be established
by reviving those joint mechanisms;
5. Assuring the release of all prisoners, including the
UNITA officers, militants, and sympathizers that the
government detained in Luanda, and who are being kept
in so-called protective custody;
6. Working with the United Nations so the UN forces
can intervene in Angola for peace. Those forces will have
the following specific mission:
A) Verifying the implementation of the cease-fire accord;
B) Assuring the safety of the UNiTA peace negotiators,
and UNITA officials participating in the Angolan Par-
liament and Government;
C) Helping form the Angolan Army;
D) Helping with t.:¢ formation of a unified police force
that will be based on parity of forces;
E) Safeguarding the lives and safety of those citizens
supporting opposition parties;
F) Organizing and supervising the second round of
presidential elections, as well as defining the status of
and security mechanism for President Dr. Jonas Mal-
heiro Savimbi, the UNITA candidate;
G) Allowing UNITA to rebuild its Political Commission
and to develop its negotiation framework;
8. [number as heard] The United Nations must assure
the safety of UNITA’s people in Luanda, once they have
been released and assure the safety of those officials who
will go to Luanda to participate in Parliament and the
government of national unity;
9. Assuring that the participation of political parties in a
government of national unity will be in accordance with
the political support they enjoy, as demonstrated
through the electoral process and agreed on after consul-
tations. This would help strengthen the process of
national reconciliation;
10. Making it abundantly clear that the United States
and the United Nations will stand against any attempt to
14 SOUTHERN AFRICA
establish a government by means of force, or to stay in
power by means of eliminating political opposition;
11. Making it clear that only a government of Angola will
be recognized by the international community, as long as
it arises from the outcome of the electoral process
defined in the accords, including the second round of
presidential elections.
UNITA is ready to end the specter of war in the lives of
Angolan people. UNITA is willing to cooperate with the
MPLA for real reconciliation among the Angolan people.
That is a prerequisite for progress in this country. All our
efforts shall be for the couse of the fatherland. UNITA is
a permanent and essential factor in the existence of
multiparty democracy.
Long live democracy!
Long live national reconciliation!
Radio: UNITA Troops Still in Uige, Negage
MB1612065292 Luanda Radio Nacional Network in
Portuguese 0600 GMT 16 Dec 92
[Text] The UN Angola Verification Mission-2 [Unavem-
2] has promised it will verify and control the movement
of National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
[UNITA] troops back to their confinement points in the
cities of Uige and Negage.
The Angolan Government is still waiting for Unavem-2
to confirm that UNITA soldiers have withdrawn from
those two cities. The Armed Forces for the Liberation of
Angola forces are still occupying Uige and Negage at this
time, and have not yet taken any positive steps toward
evacuating those two urban centers.
Meanwhile, General Edward Onimna, head of the
Unavem-2 team to Angola, left Luanda yesterday for his
country. Gen. Unima was in our country for 14 months.
He will be replaced by Chris Garba, another Nigerian
general, at a date to be announced. Gen. Onimna left
Angola expressing the hope that a solution will be found
to the current crisis.
UNITA Radio Reports MPLA Troop Movements
in Lunda Norte
MB1512210092 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the
Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 1900 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Excerpt] The Jose Eduardo dos Santos government is
still bent on war in order to destabilize our young
democracy. Reports from Dundo District, Lunda Norte
Province, say that since 14 December the Popular Move-
ment for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party [MPLA]
has been moving armored cars, T-55 tanks, BMP-21
rocket launchers, BMP-1i armored cars, and other vehi-
cles into the city of Dundo. The war equipment is being
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
withdrawn from the former People’s Armed Forces for
the Liberation of Angola [FAPLA] assembly point in
Lucapa District.
In addition to that, an Antonov and a Casa, flying from
Luanda between 12 and 14 December, airlifted FAPLA
troops wearing the uniforms of the Angolan Armed
Forces. [passage omitted]
MiG and SU-25 bombers of the People’s Air Force of
Angola yesterday overflew the city of Namibe. Reports
say that the aircraft, which flew at low altitude, created
panic among the residents. Dangerous raids [preceding
word in English] have been carried out by combat
aircraft flying from the Namibe Air Force Base in a
northerly direction.
More than the two battalions of Eduardo dos Santos
government's reserve army in Cunene Province have
been deployed in the former South-West African Peo-
ple’s Organization [SWAPO] base at (Gungana). The
units are led by Major (Nasuca), and their mission is to
act as a cover for SWAPO troops entering Angola from
Namibia. The two battalions, using civilian vehicles, are
carrying long-range artillery pieces. [passage omitted]
Government, UNITA Meet in Cuando Cubango
MB1412154592 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the
Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 1200 GMT 14 Dec 92
[Text] Over the weekend in Menongue, Cuando
Cubango Province, officials from the National Union for
the Total Independence of Angola [UNITA] and the
government held a meeting to reduce the atmosphere of
mutual distrust prevailing in the province. The signato-
ries to the Bicesse Accords met to discuss a number of
issues, including the maintenance of an atmosphere of
peace in Cuando Cubango Province, particularly in the
city of Menongue, and the free movement of people and
goods along the roads linking Menongue to Huambo and
Bie Provinces.
The meeting took place in a frank and cordial atmo-
sphere, with the parties agreeing that they should not
resort to war to resolve their problems. The head of the
UNITA delegation to the meeting, General Breke, took
the opportunity to protest against the government's
distribution of weapons to the people, the increasing
crime wave on the outskirts of the city of Menongue
carried out by the riot police, the recruiting of demobi-
lized soldiers, and the creation of the Angolan Armed
Forces without the participation of the Armed Forces for
the Liberation of Angola as provided for in the Bicesse
Accords.
The parties proposed that a meeting between UNITA
and the government be attended by the UN Angola
Verification Mission-2 and Menongue Diocese Bishop
Don Queiroz Alves, with the same purpose of avoiding
the resumption of war in Cuando Cubango Province,
particularly at this period when the general political and
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
military situation in the country favors the resumption
of dialogue between the government and UNITA.
UNITA, MPLA Hold ‘Cordial’ Meet in Luena
MB1212145392 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the
Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 1200 GMT 12 Dec 92
[Text] Delegations of the National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola [UNITA], the Popular Move-
ment for the Liberation of Angola [MPLA] met in the
city of Luena, Moxico Province, on 11 December. The
meeting was attended by the Joint Verification and
Control Commission [CMVF] and the UN Angola Ver-
ification Mission [Unavem]-2. The agenda of the
meeting included the movement of people and goods on
the Luena-Saurimo road and security in the city of
Luena, particularly at the airport.
Our Luena correspondent reports that the meeting was held
in a cordial atmosphere. The participants agreed to remove
the control posts erected by the riot police, thus permitting
the free movement of people and goods. A commission,
involving the CMVF and Unavem-2, has been established
in order to deal with abnormal situations.
Regarding security at the airport and in the city in
general, the two sides agreed that it should be the
responsibility of the National Police. Weapons,
including armored vehicles deployed in Luena, will be
monitored weekly.
UNITA Said Deploying Troops in Cuanza Sul
MB1412140192 Luanda Radio Nacional Network in
Portuguese 1200 GMT 14 Dec 92
{Excerpt! The political and military situation in Cuanza
Su! Province has been described as calm. Police Super-
intendent Antonio Baptista Vaz says that there have
been daily movements by troops of the Armed Forces for
the Liberation of Angola [FALA].
[Begin Vaz recording] The National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola [UNITA] has been deploying its
military personnel and equipment in the Uacu Cungo
District. UNITA’s aims have not been clarified yet.
UNITA has deployed a further 200 armed troops in
Catofe Commune and in [words indistinct]. UNITA has
also been deploying more troops in Ebo in order to create
panic and confusion among the residents.
Government administration has been withdrawn from
Sumbe District. Large numbers of enemy troops from
Canjala have been deployed in that district. Their aim
has not yet been revealed.
Arms caches, including weapons which are not part of
the equipment used to defend UNITA officials and
installations, have been found. Long-range weapons
SOUTHERN AFRICA 15
have been found and they do not conform with what had
been agreed upon in the Joint Political and Military
Commission.
Why does UNITA need those weapons if we want peace
in terms of the peace accords? UNITA intends to carry
out a number of actions in Cuanza Sul Province,
including the annihilation of the residents, particularly
party members and officials. [end recording]
In Huila Province’s Hoque District, UNITA is still
engaged in a manhunt campaign. FALA troops have
banned the residents from listening to Radio Nacional
de Angola. They have also abducted and raped young
girls from (Quiamba) settlement. [passage omitted]
UNITA Agrees To Withdraw From Zaire
Province
MB1312073492 Luanda Radio Nacional Network in
Portuguese 1900 GMT 12 Dec 92
[Text] The government and the National Union for the
Total Independence of Angola [UNITA] have agreed to
reinstate government authority in the Districts of Sumba
and Soyo and other locations of Zaire Province held by
Jonas Savimbi's organization. At a meeting in Soyo, the
two sides agreed to create conditions for the free move-
ment of people and goods. The meeting also agreed on
the demilitarization of both sides. UNITA agreed to
return (?buildings) and the government guaranteed that
it would release UNITA representatives detained during
the clashes in Soyo, security conditions permitting.
‘Tense’ Situation in Cunene Province Reported
MB1612081392 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the
Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 0500 GMT 16 Dec 92
[Text] Cunene Province is experiencing a very tense
military situation. The governmental forces are carrying
out dangerous military maneuvers in that province. A
reliable source reports a powerful heavy artillery position
has been set up in Ondjiva and Xangongo by the Riot
Police, adding all weapons are pointing at the homes of
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
{UNITA] militants.
The heavy war materiel includes T-62 tanks and BMP-1
armored cars. Those vehicles are moving in the streets of
the city [as heard] and creating panic among the people.
UNITA Warns of FAPLA ‘Terrorism’ in Andulo
MB1212150692 (Clandestine) Voice of Res: tance of the
Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 1200 GMT 12 Dec 92
{Text} Andulo District, Bie Province, will be exposed to
a dangerous situation over the next few days. There have
been large- scale movements by People’s Armed Forces
for the Liberation of Angola [FAPLA] and riot police
personnel equipped with war materiel. Those units
16 SOUTHERN AFRICA
intend to carry Out terrorist activities against Andulo
residents. A reliable source says that large quantities of
lethal weapons, including long-range guns and [words
indistinct] have been sent from the city of Bie to that
district.
Situation Reportedly Returns to Normal in Bie
MB1112174792 Luanda Radio Nacional Network in
Portuguese 1200 GMT 11 Dec 92
[Passages within quotation marks recorded]
[Text] The political and military situation has returned
to normal in the city of Kuito, Bie Province, but there
are rumors that the National Union for the Total Inde-
pendence of Angola [UNITA] is carrying out a manhunt
on the outskirts of the city. The police and UNITA have
already exchanged prisoners but have not yet exchanged
weapons seized during weekend clashes. As a result of
this situation, the people do not feel safe [words indis-
tinct] to work. Bie Provincial Police Commander Joao
Cipriano spoke about the situation. He began by refer-
ring to the exchange of prisoners:
[Cipriano] “On the day we issued a communique on the
prevailing situation in Bie Province, we carried out an
exchange of prisoners [words indistinct] and on the
government side, we received three of our comrades,
including a seargent. So far, we have no information
regarding other prisoners. The police are ready to carry
Out investigation at the level of the pilot committees, our
prisons, and so on, to know the identity of the people
involved and thus be able to carry out a mutual exchange
of prisoners.”
The Bie provincial police commander said once it has
evidence, the police will severely punish UNITA ele-
ments who hunt people down. He also said the police will
only return weapons seized from UNITA if this organi-
zation hands over police weapons.
[Cipriano] “We received the information and we are
Carrying Out work in this direction. We are equally
carrying out the work of a subcommission established by
us. We are visiting wards in order to calm the people
because the information we have is that some UNITA
sympathizers are moving about under the cover of the
Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola. They are
dressed in civilian clothes but armed [words indistinct]
to give an adequate response.
“Regarding weapons, during the Camacupa incident, a
police landrover was seized by UNITA with a large
quantity of weapons. We shall, therefore, have to nego-
tiate. UNITA weapons will only be returned by the
police when it returns our weapons, the landrover, and
the (motorcycle) now in Catabola.”
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
OAU Urges UNITA To Abandon Armed Struggle
MB1212135992 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1100
GMT 12 Dec 92
[Text] The secretary general of the OAU says UNITA
{National Union for the Total Independence of Angola]
should abandon its armed struggle in Angola. Secretary
General of the Organization of African Unity Salim
Ahmed Salim has been interviewed by a Luanda-based
newspaper.
He describes as unacceptable statements by UNITA
leaders that the movement's military commanders are
acting on their own in their attacks on government
troops. Salim says a high-level delegation which includes
himself, Zimbabwe's President Robert Mugabe, and
Cape Verdian President Antonio Mascarenhas will soon
be visiting Angola to help resolve the crisis.
Sao Tomean Official on Failure To Meet Savimbi
\1B1612102492 Luanda TPA Television Network in
Portuguese 1930 GMT 16 Dec 92
[Interview with Sao Tomean Foreign Minister Albertino
Braganca by unidentified People’s Television of Angola
reporter in Luanda on 15 December—first two para-
graphs are studio introduction; passages within quota-
tion marks recorded]
[Text] Angolan Prime Minister Marcolino Moco today
granted a 30-minute audience to Sao Tomean Foreign
Minister Albertino Braganca, who has come to our
country in his capacity as coordinator of the five Luso-
phone African countries, and his mission is to help
Angolans reach political understanding. Braganca deliv-
ered a message to Marcolino Moco from Norberto Costa
Alegre, his Sao Tomean counterpart.
At the end of the meeting, the People’s Television of
Angola approached Albertino Braganca, who disclosed
he had already been in contact with several political
parties, but will not be meeting the leader of National
Union for the Total Independence of Angola [UNITA],
or his representatives.
[Braganca] “In principle, we will meet with all Angolan
parties represented in the Angolan capital. Our mission
ends on 17 December. We have much to do, and this
morning we have already met the leader of the Angolan
Democratic Forum. Our agenda includes contacts with
other political forces represented in the Angolan capital.
[Reporter] “Thus, the possibility of a meeting with Jonas
Savimbi must be excluded?
jE raganca] “UNITA is not represented in the Angolan
capital.”
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Clinton Expected To Recognize MPLA
MB1112164292 Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL
in English 11-17 Dec 92 p 8
{Report by Arthur Gavshon: “Savimbi in the cold as
Clinton plans US policy somersault”’]
[Text] The United States State Department expects
president-elect Bill Clinton to recognise, and establish
relations with, Angola’s MPLA [Popular Movement for
the Liberation of Angola] government soon after taking
office next month.
This would mark the failure of a major American foreign
policy bid to back UNITA [National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola] leader Jonas Savimbi’s thrust
for power launched when Angola became independent in
1975—a venture that has cost hundreds of millions of
dollars and thousands of lives.
In a related development, U.S., British and United
Nations authorities have quietly been investigating the
origins and organisers of a widely-reported South Africa
airlift of supplies into territory controlled by Savimbi's
rebels. Specifically they have been trying to establish if
the operation has Pretoria’s backing or whether “rogue”
elements within the South African Defence Force have
teamed up with entrepreneurs and mercenaries.
“We're inclined to accept official South African dis-
avowals of involvement,” one British Foreign Office
source said. Then he added: “There are lots of interests
in Angola with diamonds to pay people off for services
being rendered.”
The emerging shift in Washington's attitude toward one
of Africa’s most strategic Atlantic seaboard states was
reported by a U.S. State Department specialist in
African affairs who keeps in regular contact with the
Clinton transition team now based in Little Rock,
Arkansas.
In a telephonic interview the informant said: “Recogni-
tion of the government of President Jose dos Santos has
been on the cards since the MPLA won the September
multiparty elections with nearly 58 percent of the vote—
a vote pronounced by international observers to have
been fairly conducted. Even a Bush administration
would have to acknowledge this and also the fact that
Savimbi has been 99 percent of the problem plaguing
Angola still.”
The “Savimbi problem” to which the U.S. State Depart-
ment official referred has been creating military as well
as diplomatic mayhem.
UNITA forces have been advancing in several provinces
taking previously MPLA-held towns; their escalating
offensive has been denounced publicly by the U.S. State
Department as a breach of the 1991 Bicesse peace pact
and of their promises to abide by a ceasefire.
SOUTHERN AFRICA 17
On the diplomatic front South Africa has again been
sucked into the situation. The coincidence in timing
between UNITA’s offensive and the privatised or state-
blessed South African airlift has attracted international
attention and suspicion. Besides Angola itself, Zim-
babwe, Botswana and Namibia have all accused South
Africa not only of penetrating their air space but also of
resupplying Savimbi’s forces—charges Pretoria has
denied. There have been unconfirmed reports from
Harare claiming that the SADF’s [South African Defense
Force] Buffalo (32) Battalion, made up largely of Ango-
lans, has been sent into UNITA territory by elements in
charge of the SADF’s special forces.
Against this overall background the failed role assumed
by Foreign Minister Pik Botha in Angola’s renewed strife
has come under international scrutiny and has yielded
some ironic comments.
Botha told the SUNDAY STAR in a question-and-answer
interview—reprinted verbatim in the LONDON FINAN-
CIAL TIMES as an advertisement paid for by the South
African government—that: “Governments both in Europe
and Africa asked South Africa to act as a facilitator in the
Angola peace process. | believe this [is] indicative of an
acceptance of the positive role that we have played and can
play in Africa generally and in the southern region of the
continent specifically. We regard it as a privilege to be able
to do so.”
A senior political authority in London, noting that the
British government is incumbent president of the Euro-
pean Community, said in answer to a question: “We did
not ask for South Africa’s help in Angola.
In Harare, Zimbabwean government officials claimed
Pretoria had advised Savimbi that he has until January
20—the day Clinton is due to be inaugurated as presi-
dent—to win power, or at least a big chunk of it, in
Angola; otherwise he could be effectively sidelined by
the new administration's formal recognition of the Dos
Santos government.
In Luanda, according to the Department of Foreign
Affairs in Pretoria, elements of the Angolan government
have been “deliberately blackmailing” South Africa.
That was cited as one reason why Pretoria has pulled its
diplomatic mission out of the country.
And in Washington one veteran Africanist in Clinton's
transition team observed drily: “Perhaps when the South
Africans were being asked to facilitate the Angolan peace
process they were being asked politely to keep out of the
way and not interfere.’ That informant declined to be
identified.
Envoy to UN Conveys ‘Indignation’ to RSA Envoy
MB1112140092 Luanda Radio Nacional Network in
Portuguese 1200 GMT 11 Dec 92
[Text] Afonso van Dunem Mbinda, the Angolan ambas-
sador to the United Nations, met his South African
18 SOUTHERN AFRICA
counterpart at the UN headquarters in New York yes-
terday. He conveyed the Angolan Government's indig-
nation about continued South African aid to the
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
{[UNITA]. Mbinda said that if South Africa is interested
in a climate of peace for southern Africa, it should
assume a clear stance regarding the reconciliation pro-
cesses in this region. In reply, the South African ambas-
sador denied any South African involvement or military
aid to UNITA.
Government, UNITA Meet in Cuando Cubango
MB1112135292 Luanda Radio Nacional Network in
Portuguese 1200 GMT 11 December 92
[Text] In Cuando Cubango Province yesterday, the gov-
ernment and the National Union for the Total Indepen-
dence of Angola [UNITA] examined ways to dismantle
UNITA control points along the roads linking the city of
Menongue to Huambo and Huila Provinces. The
meeting, which is part of regular sessions between the
government and UNITA in the province, also discussed
the movement of goods and people in different districts
of Cuando Cubango.
Huila Provincial Governor Domingos Hungo “SKS”
denied reports that the government is preparing an
attack on UNITA in the Province [words indistinct] to
Huambo where the government and UNITA yesterday
decided to establish a joint political commission which
must work with the military commission to reestablish
State administration in the province. The government
and UNITA will also work together to resolve the
problem of the occupation of houses by UNITA.
The meeting examined in depth [words indistinct] situ-
ation in the province, particularly political, military, and
economic issues. On economic issues, [words indistinct]
looting of warehouses and shops during the clashes of 29
and 30 November in Huambo Province.
Newspaper Names Cabinet Officials
MB1412122292 Johannesburg O SECULO in
Portuguese 7 Dec 92 p 26
[Unattributed report: “Government Composition”}
[Excerpts] The first government of the Second Republic
of Angola led by Marcolino Moco will have 21 ministries
and seven secretariats of state, with the National Union
for the Total Independence of Angola [UNITA] holding
the culture portfolio. [passage omitted]
Ministrnes:
Prime Minister Marcolino Jose Carlos Moco
Defense Pedro Maria Tonha “Pedale™
(from previous government)
Deputy General Pedro Sebastiao
Deputy To be designated by UNITA
Deputy
Public Administration, Unem-
ployment and Social Welfare
Deputy
Industry
Deputy
Agriculture
Deputy
Deputy
Youth and Sport
Deputy
Transport and Communications
Deputy
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
General Andre Pitra “Petroff”
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos
Santos “Nando” (from previous
government)
Salomao Jose Neto (“Xirimbibi")
Venancio de Moura (former
deputy)
Jorge Chicotti ( Demo-
cratic Forum [FDA], UNITA dis-
sident)
Joao Bernardo Miranda (from
previous government)
Paulo Chipilica (FDA, UNITA
dissident)
Manuel Miguel Costa Aragao
Antonio Paulo Cassoma (from
previous government)
Pereira Joao Baptista
(“Cussumua™)
Albino Fara Assis (former
National Angolan Fuel Company
vice chairman)
Desiderio da Graca Verissimo
Costa (from previous
government)
Joao Manuel Bernardo (former
Malange Province governor)
Artur da Silva Julio
Martinho Sanches Epalanca
(former deputy health minister)
Francisco Carlos Mendes (Angola
National Liberation Front)
Maria de Fatima Monteiro
Jardim (from previous govern-
ment)
Jo2o Manuel Caolo (Social Reno-
vated Party)
Antonio Domingos Pitra Costa
Neto (former adviser)
Eduardo Severino Morais
Isalino Manuel Mendes (without
@ past in politics)
Jose Duque
Isaac Francisco Maria Anjos
(from previous government)
To be appointed by UNITA
Jose Amaro Tati (from previous
government)
Justino Jose Fernandes (former
industry minister)
Jose da Rocha Sardinha Castro
(from previous government)
Andre Luis Brandao (from pre-
vious government)
Amadeu Cesario Santos Neves
(Democratic Renewal Party
(PRD}))
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Deputy
Culture (ministry for the first
time ever
Deputy
Geology and Mines (fcrmer state
secretariat)
Deputy
Social Communication (former
Information Ministry)
Deputy
State Secretanats:
Women's Promotion and Devel-
opment
Cooperation
Environment
Coffee
Housing
Energy and Water
Council of Ministers
Chief of General Staff of
Angolan Armed Forces
Deputies
Deputy ministers in the Presi-
dency of the Republic
Governor of the National Bank
of Angola [BNA]
Deputy BNA Governor
SOUTHERN AFRICA 19
Licinio Tavares Ribeiro (from UNITA Occupies Oil Areas
Groviens goverument MB1212093892 Luanda TPA Television Network in
Emanuel Moreira Carneiro Portuguese 1930 GMT 11 Dec 92
(former minister of planning)
; : :; [Excerpt] The National Angolan Fuel Company
Paulino Matista Molele (without We
a past in politics) [Sonangol] Aeronautics Division has suffered losses esti-
Norberto F — mated at 400 million new kwanzas over the last two
(former Lunda Norte Province months. That is because National Union for the Total
governor) Independence of Angola [UNITA] occupied the areas of
To be appointed by UNITA Capanda and Lujamba, where the Aeronautics Division
operated. The company carries contracted personnel to
Matungo [es published) and from oil drilling areas. Lately, it has expanded its
Mateus Morais Brito Junior services and started carrying workers in the diamond
(without a past in politics) and energy sectors. Its activity has been reduced by some
Gilberto Gomes Mamede 60 percent, because the areas in which it operates—with
Tc be appointed by UNITA the exception ah Soyo—are now under UNITA’s control.
To be appointed by UNITA ipnceage conctted
Adelino Peito (former state secre. UNITA Says Government Training Riot Police
tary for culture) MB1112174592 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the
Jose Domingos Dias Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 1200 GMT 11 Dec 92
Beles Chingsage [Text] Officials belonging to the Popular Movement for
Jose Patricio (ambassador to the the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party [MPLA-PT] in
Organization of African States in
Washington)
Pedro Hendrick Vaal Neto
Joana Lima Ramos Baptista
(from previous government)
Johni Pinoc
Manuel David Mendes (Angola
Youth, Worker, and Peasant Alli-
ance Party)
Gilberto Buta Lutukuta
Miguel Correia (former deputy
labor minister)
Joao Moreira Pinto Saraiva
Carlos Maria Feijo [as published]
Joao Baptista de Matos (replaces
Franca “Ndalu”)
Two to be appointed by UNITA
Second Lieutenant Pedro Neto
Admiral Gaspar Santos Rufino
Jose Leitao da Costa ¢ Silva
(Civilian affairs)
Osvaido Jesus Serra van Dunem
(Military affairs)
Sebastiao Passos Lavrador
Generoso Hermenegildo de
Almeida
Huambo Province have been cited as training a People’s
Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola [FAPLA]
contingent, numbering one battalion [words indistinct]
the Angolan People’s Police, and recruiting youths in
order to reinforce the riot police which already has more
than 6,000 men.
Other confirmed reports reveal the arrival of another
force in Huambo coming from Luanda [words indistinct]
believed to be riot police. The men dressed in civilian
clothes have been going from ward to ward with specific
missions, within the framework of the government's vast
strategy to destabilize the National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola [UNITA].
Apart from these warmongering preparations, the
MPLA-PT government in the province held a meeting
with foreigners living there on Monday [7 December]
afternoon, calling for their urgent evacuation to their
countries. The MPLA-PT government said [words indis-
tinct) of a war with tragic consequences [words indis-
iinct}. UNITA continues, however, to favor dialogue.
Commentary: UNITA Needs To Act in Good
Faith
MB1112085292 Luanda TPA Television Network in
Portuguese 1930 GMT 10 Dec 92
[Station commentary]
[Text] The Angolan Government has publicly expressed
its desire to resume talks with the National Union for the
Total Independence of Angola [UNITA] to try and find
solutions to the serious political and military problems
facing the country. To that end, UNITA’s first step
should be to show a willingness to engage in talks by
20 SOUTHERN AFRICA
adopting clear measures that will go beyond the waves of
formally stated good intentions reaching us from the city
of Huambo. Such stated willingness to engage in dia-
logue will gain consistency if UNITA effectively and
honestly withdraws from the cities of Uige and Negage,
and also if it honors the various clauses in the Bicesse
Accords.
At the new government's swearing in ceremony last
week, Angolan President Engineer Jose Eduardo dos
Santos made sufficiently clear what steps must be taken
with immediate effect for a just solution to the situation
of war that was caused by UNITA. Though it is true that
Jonas Savimbi’s organization has already announced its
willingness to participate in the government, and in
Parliament—which were two of the conditions set by the
Angolan head of state a week ago—it is nonetheless true
that UNITA has not yet complied with three other
essential points:
The stabilization of Angola.
1. The return of UNITA soldiers to their confinement
points. They must be fully disarmed under international
supervision,
2. The withdrawal [as heard] of their places in the
Angolan Armed Forces;
3. UNITA must unambiguously accept its electoral
defeat.
For as long as these premises remain ignored, all possi-
bility of a real solution to the current crisis will amount
to nothing other than an inconsistent and naive illusion.
It is not possible for trust to exist when one of the parties
uses dialogue as a means to gain time in order to secure
military advantages on the ground.
Truthful dialogue is the only sort of dialogue that inter-
ests Angolan people from Cabinda Province to Cunene
Province, but that will only be possible when there is
good faith and, above all, when pacifying speeches are
matched by practical actions on the ground.
Radio: MPLA Kills Portuguese Citizen in Gabela
MB1112065292 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the
Black Cockerel in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 0500 GMT 11 Dec 92
[Text] Jose Eduardo dos Santos’ organization, the Pop-
ular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party
{[MPLA-PT], is determined to kill all Angolan citizens
who do not speak Kimbundu. Mr. Ribeiro, a Portuguese
national who was the manager of the Duarte e Martins
enterprise in Gabela, Cuanza Sul Province, and a Mr.
Rufino were victims of that tribal genocide.
In Calulo, the Riot Police cold-bloodedly murdered Raul
Francisco, a traditional leader. In Conda, Augusto
Bastos (Limbi), a tradit‘onal ruler of great influence, and
Teresa Clemente, t'* chairman of the local Lima
{League of Angolai. Women] committee, were killed.
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Meanwhile, manhunt operations against National Union
for the Total Independence of Angola [UNITA] sympa-
thizers continue unabated. A well placed source in
(?Conda) has told the Voice of the Resistance of the
Black Cockerel the Riot Police have been involved in a
widespread campaign of setting alight UNITA sympa-
thizers’ homes over the last few days.
Huambo Government Says 150 People Missing
MB1112072092 Luanda Radio Nacional Network in
Portuguese 0600 GMT 11 Dec 92
[Text] In the city of Huambo, at least 150 people are
believed missing since the holding of the September
elections. This was disclosed in a document issued by
Huambo Provincial Government, which does not, how-
ever, explain the circumstances that led to the disappear-
ance of those persons. It only refers to the feelings of
consternation and revolt experienced by the relatives of
those missing. Most of those people disappeared
between the day the election results were announced,
and the start of clashes between the Angolan Police and
the National Union for the Total Independence of
Angola forces.
Botswana
Masire Advises Caution For Somalia Bound
Troops
MB1512200792 Gaborone Radio Botswana Network in
English 1910 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The president, Sir Ketumile Masire, has appealed
for discipline among the BDF [Botswana Defence Force]
troops who will be part of the international force serving
in Somalia. President Masire was addressing the troops
this evening at Sir Seretse Khama Barracks in Mogodit-
shane. The troops are leaving tomorrow.
The president said in keeping with its beliefs in democ-
racy and rights, and in keeping with obligations of the
United Nations, Botswana has accepted a request to
participate in the relief operation together with other
members of the United Nations. President Masire
advised the troops to use this opportunity to gain expe-
rience in such important, rare missions. He warned the
troops that Somalia is volatile and full of risks and
warned them to exercise more caution.
Mozambique
Chissano Presents Annual Report To Assembly
MB1612111092 Maputo Radio Mozambique Network
in Portuguese 1030 GMT 16 Dec 92
[Report from Maputo’s Hall of the Congress by Radio
Mozambique reporter Gabriel Mussavel]
[Text] President Joaquim Chissano today presented to
the Assembly of the Republic his annual report on the
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
situation in the country. Chissano began by noting that,
during the first special Assembly of the Republic session,
between the end of September and the beginning of
October, he had briefed the Assembly on the steps that
had been taken up to the signing of the General Peace
Accord.
He added that, since then, he has promulgated and
ordered the publication of the law approving the General
Peace Accord, which came into force on 15 October.
Chissano then turned to the issue of UN participation in
the Mozambican peace process, and noted that a token
25-man contingent had arrived in the country, along
with Aldo Ajello, interim representative of the UN
secretary general. Chissano said that, with the arrival of
the latter, it was possible to create the commissions
prescribed by the accord.
With regard to the commissions, Chissano said that, after
the Mozambique National Resistance [Renamo] had
rejected Zimbabwe's participation in the Cease-Fire Com-
mission, the Renamo leader had reconsidered his stand, and
finally accepted that country’s participation. Chissano
noted that Zimbabwe and Kenya will integrate the aforesaid
commission in the wake of that decision. The Mozambican
Government had initially proposed that both countries
participate in the Cease-Fire Commission.
At another point in his speech, the Mozambican head of
state said that he is happy to report calm throughout the
country, following Cease-Fire Commission and the
Supervision and Control Commission [CSC] discussions
concerning reported violations. He added that all
fighting has ceased on the ground. He also disclosed that
Renamo Leader Afonso Dhiakama had undertaken not
to allow Renamo forces to carry out acts of violence, or
attacks, in terms of the General Peace Accord. President
Chissano stressed the governmental forces have received
orders to avoid all offensive moves, and to work toward
making peace more secure. The Mozambican head of
State said this was a mutual undertaking, and he added
there was commitment to the implementation of the
General Peace Accord. He said this means peace will be
safeguarded and made more solid.
Chissano regretted the fact that movement is not yet
possible in every part of the country, because mines have
not been removed from all areas, and because Renamo
regards some areas as being under its control. He
announced mine removal operations are to begin soon,
so humanitarian aid can reach people in need in all areas
of Mozambican territory.
Renamo Communique on Dhiakama Visit to
Zimbabwe
MB1512171992 (Clandestine) Voz da Renamo in
Portuguese 1600 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The follow. .. 1s a communique from the Office of
the President of the Mozambique National Resistance
SOUTHERN AFRICA 21
{[Renamo] regarding the visit made by President Afonso
Dhlakama to Zimbabwe from the 9th to 12th of
December.
The Renamo delegation included Renamo Secretary
General Vicente Ululu, Agriculture Minister Paris Baza,
Josefate Muhlanga, Renamo ambassador accredited to
Kenya, (Albino Mazuze), member of the Renamo
embassy in Kenya, and two security officers assigned to
President Dhiakama visited Zimbabwe within the
framework of Renamo’s regional policy and in the spirit
of reconciliation with all neighboring countries which
assisted the Mozambique Liberation Front [Frelimo] in
the war against Renamo. President Dhlakama discussed
a number of issues with President Robert Mugabe,
including:
The question of Zimbabwean troops still on the Mozam-
bican territory. This issue was widely debated. There was
a great deal of confusion created by Mr. Aldo Ajello, the
UN secretary general's special representative, who had
requested the continued presence of Zimbabwean troops
on the Beira and Limpopo Corridors, but later denied
that, stating that Frelimo, Renamo, and Zimbabwe had
misunderstood the situation. In view of that, President
Dhiakama realized that it was pointless to force Zim-
babwe to withdraw its troops from Mozambique before
the arrival of the UN troops to monitor the peace accord.
What matters is not only the withdrawal of Zimbabwe
troops, but the fulfillment of the peace accord itself. In
fact, the withdrawal of the Zimbabwean troops should be
verified by the United Nations. So, once UN forces
arrive in Mozambique, Zimbabwean troops will imme-
diately abandon the country, returning to Zimbabwe.
Also discussed at the meeting were the delays in the
implementation of every aspect of the peace process. The
United Nations has not yet sent forces to supervise the
peace accord. The Renamo and Frelimo armies have not
yet been confined to assembly points, and the armed
groups have not yet been disarmed. The date for the
elections has, therefore, been delayed. President
Dhiakama urged President Robert Mugabe to impress
on the United Nations the urgency of sending troops to
Mozambique.
President Mugabe agreed to comply with the request,
and on the following day he appealed to the United
Nations to rapidly send forces to Mozambique as soon as
possible. The appeal was made at a summit of the
Frontline heads of state held on 11 December.
Presidents Dhlakama and Magabe stated their desire to
forget the past and agreed to promote friendly relations in
line with Renamo’s policy, whereby a lasting reconciliation
and the socioeconomic development of southern Africa are
only possible if one forgets and forgives. President
Dhilakama urged President Robert Mugabe to support
democracy in Mozambique by acting impartially.
22 SOUTHERN AFRICA
President Dhiakama stated that when Renamo wins the
Mozambican elections, it would maintain good relations
with the Government of Zimbabwe and the Zimba-
bwean people. Likewise, he said if Renamo loses the
elections it will accept the vinning party and be in
Opposition.
For his part, President Mugabe said he would do his best
in order to support democracy and see to it that free, fair,
and democratic elections are held in Mozambique. He
added that Zimbabwe will recognize Renamo, Frelimo,
or any other party that might win the elections.
President Dhlakama alsc informed President Mugabe
that Renamo agrees that Zimbabwe shuuld take part in
one of the commissions that monitor the accord. Zim-
babwe and Kenya will have to be part of the Cease-Fire
Commission [CCF] because the two countries had not
been integrated into the CCF.
President Dhlakama discussed with President Mugabe
the return of Mozambican refugees. It was agreed that
the refugees should return in order to take part in the
upcoming elections. President Dhlakama thanked the
Zimbabwe Government for the assistance rendered to
the Mozambican refugees. President Dhlakama added
that the Government of Zimbabwe could continue
assisting the Mozambican people who have been suf-
fering from famine and disease.
The visit to Zimbabwe went well and was very suc-
cessful.
Renamo Accuses Government of Accord Violations
MB1I512205792 (Clandestine) Voz da Renamo in
Portuguese 1600 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] The Mozambique Liberation Front [Frelimo] is
violating the peace accord. More than 2,000 Frelimo
soldiers and 3,000 elements of the People’s National
Security Service [SNASP] have been integrated into the
People’s Police. Frelimo has been carrying out that plan
since the signing of the peace accord.
The accord does not foresee the transfer of army and
security personnel to the People’s Police. During the
negotiations, Frelimo was opposed to Renamo [Mozam-
bique National Resistance] elements joining the police
force, alleging that the unit should be nonpartisan.
Renamo, however, wanted some of its members in the
police force in order to see to it that it actec impartially.
Although this issue had deadlocked the talks, the
Renamo president, understanding the problems
afflicting Frelimo, withdrew his demand to include
Renamo members in the police force.
Now, it is quite clear that Frelimo is transferring army
and security personnel to the police force, thereby
strengthening it as a Frelimo tool. The People’s Police
consist of Frelimo members and army and the security
service members who still owe allegiance to Frelimo.
Frelimo’s policies are further strengthened whenever a
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Frelimo army soldier or a SNASP element join the police
force. While Frelimo claims that it is trimming down its
grip on every sector of society, the People’s Police will in
fact operate as a Frelimo extension, torturing, intimi-
dating, and even (deceiving) Mozambicans during the
It does not make sense that a SNASP member, who has
killed several people, should join the police force in
order to uphold law and order. Such a member will never
be a [words indistinct], but will instead continue to act as
a SNASP agent, adopting the same cruel attitude toward
the Mozambican people.
President Dhiakama has described such a behavior by
President Chissano as typical of an irresponsible and
confused person. It does not make sense that Joaquim
Chissano, after having cried on President Dhiakama’s
shoulders and in the process gaining the Renamo leader's
sympathy, should then adopt such an attitude.
The peace process could be endangered if Renamo pays
back in kind. Because President Dhlakama is a person
concerned with the suffering of the Mozambican people.
he will do his best to thwart Frelimo’s ploys. He will urge
the international community, through the United
Nations, to force Frelimo to abandon its ploys.
CSC Meets in Maputo, Discusses Mine Removal
MB1612054692 Maputo Radio Mozambique Network
in Portuguese 0800 GMT 16 Dec 92
[Text] The Supervision and Control Commission [CSC].
which 1s responsible for supervising the implementation
of the Mozambique General Peace Accord, has been
meeting in Maputo over the last two days under the
chairmanship of Aldo Ajello, special representative of
the UN secretary general to our country. The meeting
has been examining issues connected with removing
mines from Mozambican roads.
The government team to the meeting is led by Labor
Minister Teodato Hunguana. The Mozambique
National Resistance [Renamo] team is led by Renamo
Foreign Affairs Secretary Jose de Castro. Armando Gue-
buza and Rau! Domingos, the heads of the two teams,
are both attending the Rome donor conference to help
Mozambique with its national reconstruction program.
Radio Mozambique has learned that Afonso Dhlakama
has reached an agreement with the International Com-
m‘ttee of the Red Cross, ICRC, concerning removing
mines from seven routes permitting access to areas under
Renamo’s control. The ICRC has contracted a British
enterprise for this purpose.
Speaking to Radio Mozambique, Renamo Foreign Affairs
Secretary Jose de Casiro said he had been astonished to
receive a call to attend a CSC meeting. Jose de Castro said
his organization fails to see the need to have the matter
discussed within the CSC, because it was something
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
between his movement and the ICRC within the framework
of humanitarian aid distribution operations.
A source in the government team to the CSC has told
Radio Mozambique that the Mozambican authorities
are in agreement with mine removal operations in those
areas, as long as such operations are conducted in the
presence of Renamo, government, and UN officials.
That source added that the authorities are not insensitive
to the problems of people in need of aid, but they believe
the mine removal process must be conducted at the level
of the CSC, which is responsible for overseeing the
implementation of that process.
Radio Mozambique has also learned that the govern-
ment has already presented a nationwide mine removal
plan, while Renamo has not done so yet.
Assembly Session Approves Draft Laws
On New Police Force
MB1512143392 Maputo Radio Mozambique Network
in Portuguese 1030 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Report from Maputo’s Hall of the Congress by Radio
Mozambique reporter Gabriel Mussavel]
SOUTHERN AFRICA 23
[Excerpt] The draft law creating the Republic of Mozam-
bique’s Police was finally approved by the Assembly of
the Republic this morning. Its abbreviation will be PRM.
It will a public organization and a paramilitary force
serving the Interior Ministry. The PRM will be led by a
general commander, who wil! be assisted by a deputy
general commander. The approval of that draft law was
the first point on the agenda of this fifth Assembly of the
Republic session. [passage omitted]
On Presidential Rights
MB1I512175392 Maputo Radio Mozambique Network
in Portuguese 1400 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Excerpts] In Maputo this afternoon, the deputies to the
Assembly of the Republic approved the draft laws on the
Rights and Benefits of the President of the Republic, and
on the Establishment, Managemient, and Running of
Telecommunications Infrastructures and Services. [pas-
Sage omitted]
This afternoon, the deputies began debating the Draft
Law on Gambling. The debate has, meanwhile, been
adjourned to enable the Council of Ministers to make an
in-depth assessment of the advantages and disadvan-
tages of the Law on Gambling. Most of the deputies who
addressed this morning's session opposed the approval
of that law.
24 | WEST AFRICA
Ghana
State of Economy Report
AB1512070092 Accra THE GHANAIAN CHRONICLE
in English 7-13 Dec 92 pp 6, 7
[Report on the state of the economy by Kwesi Botchwey,
secretary for finance]
[Text] The high optimism held by donors for the future
of the Ghanaian economy is reflected in the expectation
that real gross domestic product of the country will grow
at an average annual rate of 5.5 percent during 1992-
1994, and that real domestic product, when adjusted for
changes in the terms of trade, will grow at an even faster
rate of 5.7 percent per annum in those three years. More
importantly, from the stand-point of the standard of
living, the real domestic product per capita (adjusted for
changes in the terms of trade) is forecasted to grow by
three percent in 1992, three percent in 1993 and 3.4
percent in 1994.
To achieve such a high growth rate, the country will have
to appropriate about 18.9 percent of its gross domestic
product to gross capital formation during the three years,
compared to 12.7 percent recorded for the 1989-1991
period. Both the private and public sectors are expected
to increase their proportions to GDP set aside for
investment. During the next three years, public invest-
ment is projected to constitute nine percent of the GDP
up by 1.2 percentage points, while the private sector is
expected to increase its investment from 8.2 percent of
GDP to 10 percent annually on the average. Saving-
GDP ratio is expected to average 12.9 percent, with
government savings-GDP ratio increasing from 2.8 in
1989-1994, and private savings-GDP ratio increasing
from 6.1 percent to 8.7 percent.
Investment is projected to exceed savings during the next
three years to an extent that the excess investment as a
proportion of the GDP will be greater than the average
for the last three years. In 1991, this excess was seven
percent of the GDP, compared to projected six percent
average for the next three years. It follows, therefore, that
the country will have to run current account deficits at
six percent of real GDP annually during 1992-1994.
The high optimism with which donor agencies hold the
future of the Ghanaian economy is further indicated by
the fact that high growth rates are expected to be
achieved at lower and decreasing rate of inflation, and
declining debt service ratio. Inflation, is expected to fall
below 10 percent during the next three years. Indeed, it
is projected that the rate of inflation will run at eight
percent in 1992, and five in the remaining two years of
‘he three- year period. The implication is that either tight
control will be put on the money supply, which may
therefore tighten liquidity, or the supply of goods and
services will increase fast enough to offset any increases
in liquidity in the system. In this regard, the confidence
laced in agriculture (and hence the weather), domestic
‘production of manufactured goods and services and the
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
ability of the export sector and foreign grant to generate
sufficient foreign exchange to finance increased imports
is quite high. Regarding debt service, the average fore-
cast for the 1992-1994 period of $305 million is well
below the average of $404.2 million during 1989- 1991.
Future of Government Finance
Both government revenue and expenditure are projected
to grow at an increasing rate in the next three years. The
ratio of government revenue to GDP is expected to
increase from 13.7 percent during 1989-1991 to 15
percent during 1992-1994. This projection is not all that
optimistic, considering that the preliminary data for
1991 puts this ratio at 15 percent. The same can be said
for government expenditure which is projected to con-
stitute 19.8 percent of GDP during the next three years,
a level which was attained in 1991. Nevertheless,
assuming that grant will be flowing in at an even faster
rate, the overall budgetary deficit is expected to be
surplus, although at a decreasing proportion to the GDP.
Prospects for Export and Imports
Conservative rates of growth have been projected for
traditional exports, and therefore nontraditional exports
and nonfactor incomes are expected to grow fast enough
to fill in the slot, in order for total exports to grow at a
respectable rate of 5.9 percent during 1990-1995. The
basis for these projections is the diversification policy
which is expected to enable nontraditional exports to
grow at an average rate of 8.8 percent during the five-
year period.
On the other hand, whereas import volumes have lagged
behind the economy during the past decade, they are
expected to grow in line with the economy in the next
decade. In absolute terms, therefore, the balance of
payments deficit for each year of the next three years is
projected to be above the average for the last three years.
It is, however, expected to fall every year, and except for
1992, the economy will do better than the estimated
$441.9 million recorded for 1991.
Projections of imports and export earnings (especially of
the latter) are conditioned upon the assumption that the
country’s terms of trade will improve by 10 percent
during 1992-1994. However, to the extent that by 194 [as
published] the country’s terms of trade would still be
worse than the average for 1989-1991, the balance of
payments can improve further only through increases in
the volume of exports. In any case, the projected annual
balance of payments deficit for the next three years is
greater than that for the last three years, it would,
however, constitute 5.9 percent of the annual real
domestic product, compared to 7.1 percent recorded for
the last three years.
These are indeed optimistic predictions. Whereas one
does not want to sound pessimistic, it must be pointed
out that the realization of these further growth rates in
key economic indicators will depend on the continuation
of the economic reforms which have so far succeeded in
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
turning the economy around and putting it on a firm
basis for accelerated growth. It is not likely that any
future government of the country can afford to discon-
tinue the reform programmes or change their direction
and content drastically. A future civilian government
will be in a position to create more job opportunities,
and distribute incomes more widely and, by so doing,
translate the growth into sustained development for the
benefit of all Ghanaians.
Debt Service
The forecast for debt and debt-servicing is made difficult
by the fact that data on debt and debt-servicing in 1991
is not available to us. Total debt service, i.e., amortiza-
tion and interest payments is expected to decrease from
$206 million in 1990 to $187 million in 1993. Ghana is
also expected to be in a stronger position to make these
payments, owing to strong growth projected for exports
of goods and non-factor services from $948 million in
1990 to $1,326 million in 1993. Hence the debt service
ratio is expected to continue its decline during the
1991-1993 period.
The Future of Agriculture
Agriculture is expected to maintain its dominant role in
the Ghanaian economy in the foreseeable future, in spite
of the fact that it has already lost its first position in
contribution to the GDP to the services sector. Its
foreign exchange ez ‘ning capacity has been enhanced by
the advent of non-traditional agricultural exports. The
agricultural sector, will also continue to enjoy the largest
proportion of the economically active population in the
short to medium term. The medium term agricultural
development programme (MTADP), an agenda for sus-
tained agricultural growth and development, 1991-2000,
is Overly optimistic about the future of agriculture. In the
programme, the sector is expected to achieve a double
digit growth rate per annum during the period.
The planned high growth rate is yet to be achieved in any
country in the world. The strategy to achieve the high
growth rate is partly through (a) privatization of supply
and distribution of agriculture inputs and services, (b)
liberalization of the domestic markets for farm products,
particularly removing input and output price controls,
and (c) putting in place the relevant infrastructural
requirements, for example, feeder roads to facilitate the
movement of inputs to and output from the major
agricultural production areas. The policy to privatize
input supply and distribute is aimed at increasing avail-
ability at the farm gate. However, the private sector has
shown sluggishness in these activities.
In the meantime, as part of the structural adjustment
programme, subsidies on input prices have been
removed since 1990. This action, in the short run, is
likely to produce a negative effect in the use of the inputs
which were previously subsidized, particularly, fertilizer
which was sold sometimes at much less than 40 percent
of cost price. Not only is private profitability endangered
WEST AFRICA 25
but also the problem of providing credit to the small-
scale farmers who dominate the agricultural production
scene continues to be elusive. The performance of the
123 rural banks set up primarily to cater for the financial
needs of rural entrepreneurs of whom farmers feature
prominently has not been encouraging. Consequently,
more than 50 percent of them are likely to be closed
down in early 1993. Currently, the commercial banks’
interest rate for borrowing to finance agricultural enter-
prises is among the highest in the country as the sector
activities have been placed in the high risk category.
The import liberalization policy implemented as part of
the structural adjustment programme has resulted in
importation of several food products which have a
competitive edge over local production. A study recently
completed by the Ministry of Agriculture indicates that
the production of many agricultural products is highly
competitive at the farm gate but it gets lost in the
marketing process. Transportation cost alone for some
products is estimated to account for about 70 percent of
the marketing margin. Improving the efficiency and the
effectiveness of the local marketing systems will be
crucial in improving the competitive edge of local pro-
duction over imports.
Given the dependence of agriculture on the vagaries of
the weather and the uncertainties in the world price of
cocoa, the sector’s key foreign exchange earner, our own
assessment is that agriculture will not be able to increase
its role in the economy in the future. As has been the case
in the past, growth in the agricultural sector is expected
to lag behind the rest of the economy. The issue, of
course, is not whether agriculture can increase its share
in basic macroeconomic aggregates, but rather whether
the policies which have been implemented so far and are
yet to be implemented will be able to increase agricul-
tural production so that the sector is not too much of a
drag on economic growth. The answer to this question
lies in the future of agriculture, which is more uncertain
than that of any other sectors of the Ghanaian economy.
Industrial Prospects
The industrial sector will continue to be the most
dynamic sector of the Ghanaian economy. Two sectors
hold the key to the future of industrial development of
the country, namely, mining and manufacturing. These
sectors are expected to grow rapidly if the industrial
sector is to recover fully its historical role in the 1970s.
Also, assuming that the agricultural sector will not grow
faster than its average for 1987-1990, then industry
remains the only directly productive sector to fill in the
slot. The 1992 Budget Statement contains measures
which, hopefully, when implemented, would relieve the
manufacturing sector and permit it to grow at a faster
rate than it has performed in the past. It is also expected
that the financial programme put in place in 1991 would
create improved macroeconomic environment which
would in turn generate incentives of new investment.
Although these incentives would benefit all investment
activities, the industrial sector, and in particular, the
26 | WEST AFRICA
manufacturing sector, has the greatest potential for
attracting the investment which would be forthcoming as
a result of the improved incentives.
The incentive packages proposed in the budget state-
ment, which were aimed at building upon the impetus
created by the 1991 measures, seek to:
a. relieve financial indebtedness in the corporate sector,
b. identify the nature and causes of corporate distress
with a view to providing a more reliable guide for
designing relief to specific companies, and
Cc. promote new investment in natural resources and
labour- intensive industries.
By the middle of 1992, a study on the level of protection
to be given to Ghanaian manufacturing industries had
been completed while interim arrangements had been
made to provide support to distressed but potentially
viable enterprises in both public and private sectors.
Also, during the year, a corporate restructuring company
- the First Finance Company Limited (FFCL) - began to
provide not only venture capital but also managerial and
technical assistance to essentially viable enterprises. To
remove unfair competition from imports created by the
trade liberalization policy, measures were put in place
during 1992 to select enterprises which deserve to be
assisted with relief measure within the framework of the
liberalization policy and international obligations.
Finally, the establishment of new enterprises is expected
to be more vigorously promoted by the newly established
special unit in the Ghana Investment Centre, The unit
will provide investment advisory services such as guid-
ance on existing incentives and assistance in identifying
investment and financial support. Although all existing
and potential investors will benefit from these services,
special effort will be directed at indigenous small and
medium-scale entrepreneurs.
Although minerais are exhaustible and therefore subject not
only to diminishing returns but also eventual depletion, two
considerations provide a certain degree of optimism for the
very near future. First, the institutional framework for
marketing of diamonds, which has in the past depressed the
produce price of diamonds and therefore output and export
earnings has been reformed with the abolition of the
monopoly of the Precious Metals Board. Secondly, new gold
mines have been opened in the country and hence the future
of gold production is good.
In the light of the increased potential of the mining
sector to increase its contribution to both the GDP and
export earnings, and the measures already put in place to
promote the manufacturing sector, the future of the
industrial sector looks good.
The Future for Services
The services sector will continue to grow faster than the
three sectors of the economy. The macroeconomic and
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
structural adjustment programmes have provided con-
ducive environment for rapid growth of transportation,
commerce, banking, insurance, tourism, and other ser-
vices, expecially in the private sector.
Although it is the policy of the government to reduce its
role in the economy and pass on to the private sector the
role of being the pivot of the development process,
several considerations suggest that government services
will continue to grow. Government expenditures are
therefore expected to increase in the provision of health
services, education, community services and in environ-
mental control.
Yet, the share of government services will in the future
decline, and this means private services will have to increase
at a faster rate in order for the services sector to increase its
share in the economy. It is in this sector that the private
sector's response is expected to be greatest, especially activ-
ities which also fall within the informal sector.
Guinea-Bissau
Government Protests Airspace Violation by
Senegal
AB1612120792 Paris AFP in French 1642 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] Bissau, 15 Dec (AFP)}—On 12 and 13 December,
Senegalese military planes violated Guinea-Bissau’s air-
space, in the Cacheu area bordering Senegal, leading to
an official protest by the Guinea-Bissau foreign affairs
and cooperation minister on 14 December. In a protest
note addressed to the Senegalese authorities, the Guinea-
Bissau Government stated that the air attack resulted in
two deaths, several persons injured, and material
damage in many villages close to the Senegalese border.
Expressing the view that the Senegalese Air Force's
action was unjustified, the Guinea-Bissau Foreign Min-
istry stated that Guinea-Bissau would not allow further
violation of its airspace, maritime zone, or territory, and
that it reserves the right to respond henceforth to any
aggression.
According to authorized sources, the Senegalese Army's
incursions into Guinea-Bissau territory were carried out
in response to an attack against Senegalese military
forces in Casamance on || December which led to two
deaths and six others wounded on the Senegalese side.
Casamance separatists often take refuge in Guinea-
Bissau, according to reliable sources.
Guinea-Bissau is a guarantor of the agreement signed in
1991 between the Senegalese Government and the
Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance
{MFDC], which led to the release of 350 Casamance
separatists. In return, MFDC, which demanded the
withdrawal of Senegalese military forces, promised to lay
down its arms.
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
There was a clash in 1990, in Soukoudiaque, in the Sao
Domingos area, between the Senegalese and Guinea-Bissau
Armies, which lasted for several days. Senegal has been
confronted, for the past 10 years, with a separatist demand
in Casamance. Over the past few months, separatist attacks
attributed to MFDC dissidents, have resulted in some 100
deaths and created a climate of insecurity in this area that
borders Guinea-Bissau. The major tourist complexes in the
area have decided to remain closed until October 1993
because of this insecurity.
Ivory Coast
Prime Minister Receives PRC Official
AB1512062992 Abidjan Radio Cote d'Ivoire Chaine
Nationale-Une Network in French 0700 GMT 11 Dec 92
[Text] Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara received yes-
terday afternoon the secretary general of the PRC State
Commission for Science and Technology, Song (Bi Sing)
[name as heard], who spoke to the press about his
impressions after the audience:
[Begin recording in Mandarin fading into French trans-
lation] The prime minister told us that both he and the
Government of the Ivory Coast paid particular attention
to the economic reforms in the PRC these past years. We
also spoke about friendly relations between the Ivory
Coast and the PRC, bilateral cooperation in the fields of
science and technology, and the PRC socialist market
economy.
This time, the PRC delegation, led by me, is in your
beautiful country, the Ivory Coast, to hold discussions
on cooperation in the field of science and technology. Of
course, there will be an exhibition of PRC practical
technology. We will also hold discussions with the Min-
istry of Scientific Research on sectors of cooperation. We
hope to sign a cooperation protocol in the field of remote
sensing. We will also exchange geographic information
and discuss PRC medicine. [end recording]
Liberia
ULIMO Official Warns Citizens To Leave
Gbarnga
AB1512190592 London BBC World Service in English
1705 GMT 15 Dec 92
[From the “Focus on Africa” program]
[Text] Reports coming out of Liberia in the last few days
suggest that clashes between the United Liberation Move-
ment for Democracy in Liberia [ULIMO] and Charles
Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia [NPFL] are
spreading further from Monrovia and into Bong County.
Yesterday on this program, we carried reports in the
Liberian press that a string of towns including Bong Mines,
had fallen to ULIMO after heavy shelling.
WEST AFRICA 27
In the past, the NPFL had accused ULIMO of being
indeed with the Economic Community of West African
States Cease-Fire Monitoring Group troops and even of
fighting alongside them. Well today, ULIMO’s military
commander, Brigadier General Roosevelt Johnson,
called us from Freetown to comment on the latest
military situation. On the line Robin White asked him
what is his information was.
[Begin recording] [Johnson] We have captured Bong
Mines. We have been in Bong Mines now almost three to
four days ago. We have complete control of Bong Mines.
[White] How much fighting was there for the town?
[Johnson] Well, there was not much serious fighting. The
rebels are all running away from us. They know the
ability of my gallant forces and they are all running away.
And there was not much fighting there. In fact we had no
casualty. It was like eating bread with butter.
[White] When you say rebels who do you mean?
[Johnson] Charles Taylor’s NPFL rebels.
[White] You refer to them as rebels?
[Johnson] Yes, they are.
[White] What about you? What are you?
[Johnson] We are true liberators.
[White] Now, what are your next targets?
[Johnson] Well Robin, for security reasons, I would not
say exactly what my next targets would be. But obvi-
ously, definitely, Gbarnga is (?one of them). And I am
calling on all citizens in Gbarnga to vacate Gbarnga. We
do not want to kill innocent people. I am also appealing
to the rebels to lay down their arms because we definitely
are in full control and we are going to take over Gbarnga.
[White] How far are you away from Gbarnga?
[Johnson] Well Robin, we are surrounding Gbarnga and for
security reasons I cannot disclose our position presently.
[White] How many people do you have surrounding
Gbarnga?
[Johnson] Well, I can say that Robin for security reasons
I cannot disclose my strength. But I have the ability there
to take over Gbarnga.
[White] Some people might find a little surprising, |
mean, most people seem to think you are just a handful
of people.
(Johnson, laughing] Well, it is not the quantity of the
men that you have but the ability. [end recording]
28 } WEST AFRICA
Mali
Premier on Neutrality in Traore ‘Murder’ Trial
AB1312165092 Bamako Radiodiffusion-Television du
Mali Radio in French 2000 GMT 9 Dec 92
{Statement by Prime Minister Younoussi Toure in
Bamako on 9 December—live or recorded]
[Text] Dear countrymen, when the government of the
Third Republic assumed office last June, it resolved—
with regard to outstanding issues—to reopen the murder
trial which had been adjourned on 4 June. Beyond the
exigencies of the law, the government’s aim was to
respond to a need for justice which had been largely felt
by the Malian people.
Patiently, the presiden: of the Republic and the govern-
ment took all the necessary steps to ensure that the trial
is conducted in an atmosphere devoid of hate and
passion, and in a manner that scrupulously complies
with the procedures, rules, and regulations worthy of the
rule of law to which the new Mali subscribes. Thus, the
government attached the highest priority to settling
problems relating to the compensation of victims and
claimants of the repressions of January and March 1991,
and reached an agreement with the Association of Vic-
tims of Repression on 23 November.
Before then, the state had dropped the idea of instituting
a civil action and agreed to be cited as being liable for
damages. At the same time, a vast enlightenment cam-
paign was undertaken on a large scale, the objective
being—beyond the trial itself but as a consequence
thereof—to succeed in the task of reconciling the people
with itself and with its Army. Structures put in place to
organize the trial were given a mandate to submit to the
government any proposals that could ensure the latter’s
complete success. Despite the meagerness of its
resources, the state spared neither its human, financial,
or material resources to meet what could be aptly con-
sidered as an historic challenge.
It was against this background and in this spirit that the
trial reopened on 26 November and has since been
conducted with an absolutely free hand by the judiciary.
The government has desisted and will continue to desist
from any interference of any nature in the course of the
trial, just as in the area of justice, generally. It is of
utmost importance that the trial be shielded against all
manner of political pressures. The success of the murder
trial is an imperative, an objective to attain at all cost
and, manifestly, a duty to the whole nation, particularly
all democrats and all patriots. It will also be an honor for
our country and for democratic Africa. Thank you. Long
Live the Republic!
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Niger
About 10,000 Tuaregs in North Said Threatened
by Famine
AB1112125092 London BBC World Service in English
1705 GMT 8 Dec 92
[From the “Focus on Africa” program]
[Text] Almost 10,000 Tuaregs in northern Niger are
threatened by famine, according to the rebel Air and
Azawad Liberation Front [FLAA]. The Front has linked
the situation to continuing clashes between the Tuaregs
and the Army in Niger following the collapse of a peace
pact signed earlier this year. Neighboring Algeria played
a mediating role between the two sides, and the claims of
impending food shortages for the Tuaregs have come
from Mohamed Krisha, the Front’s spokesman in
southern Algeria. From Algiers, Mohamed Areskimo
faxed this report:
[Begin studio announcer recording] According to the
ALGERIAN NEWS AGENCY in Tamanrasset, Mr.
Krisha said the Niger Government had put a total
embargo on the Tuaregs in northern Niger. He said more
than 5,000 of them had tried to flee towards Algeria to
escape death and famine caused, he said, by soldiers
trying to exterminate Tuaregs. He said 17 of them had
been found dead in the past days in the Tenere desert in
northern Niger.
Mr. Krisha said that since the end of August, the Niger
Army had unleashed a vast operation intended to end
the Tuareg rebellion, which has gone on for more than a
year in northern Niger. He said that several hundred
Tuaregs had been detained, though official sources
maintained that around only 160 people suspected of
being linked to the FLAA were in detention. It is thought
the Army is not ready to release the detainees, and the
FLAA rebels themselves will not set free around 50
people, mostly soldiers, police, and gendarmes, that they
are holding prisoner.
Germany is threatening to suspend all next year’s aid to
Niger, if those detained by the government are not
released soon. Meanwhile, preparations are under way
to organize a forum of national reconciliation, which
would aim to find a political solution to the conflict.
[end recording}
New Bills Create Electoral Wards
AB1312164192 Niamey Voix du Sahel Network in
French 0545 GMT 9 Dec 92
[Excerpt] The High Council of the Republic held an
extraordinary meeting yesterday at which two draft
ordinances were adopted. This is in fulfillment of the
transitional institutions’ pledges to create favorable con-
ditions for holding the upcoming popular elections in a
climate of social peace and fairness. The first draft
ordinance creates special electoral wards. These are
FBIS-AFR-92-242
16 December 1992
Bilma District; Bani Bangou, Bankilare, Barmou,
Ngourti, Tassara, Tasker and Torodi administrative
posts. The second draft ordinance, stemming from the
implementation of preceding texts, fixes and distributes
parliamentary seats according to electoral wards. So, the
National Assembly will have 83 deputies instead of 75,
as Stipulated earlier. [passage omitted]
Nigeria
Babangida Says Foundation Laid for Democracy
AB1512102092 Lagos Radio Nigeria Network in
English 0600 GMT 15 Dec 92
[Text] President Ibrahim Babangida has said that
although the political process has not been as successful
as anticipated, it has provided a durable structure that
will meet the peculiarities of the country. The president
made the assertion yesterday in a message to a three-day
seminar on military justice and democracy in Lagos.
General Babangida contended that a solid foundation,
upon which the political and economic structures sup-
portive of full democratization could be built, has been
laid. He pointed out that the ingredients of democracy
included material condition of the people and that that is
why the economic adjustment program was introduced.
General Babangida’s message was delivered by the chief of
defense staff and minister of defense, General Sanni
Abacha. In a speech, Gen. Abacha said that the military
justice system was attracting external academic interests.
This, he said, was a welcome development because it would
help the system to cope with the dynamics of the society.
On the occasion, a former head of state, General Yakubu
Gowon, called on the military to ensure the stability of
the country in the interest of the durability of the
democratic experiment.
Paper Reacts to U.S. Abduction of Drug Suspect
AB1312170292 Lagos Voice of Nigeria in English 1030
GMT 13 Dec 92
[Text] The arrogance and insult on other people’s intel-
ligence with which Americans pursue their national
interest in other countries are clearly exposed by
AFRICAN CONCORD in tts cover story entitled: The
American Drug Raid. In the story, the magazine
describes how American drug law agents, in a com-
mando like operation, abducted a Nigerian drug suspect
with the tacit cooperation of the Nigerian authorities.
AFRICAN CONCORD says the plot to get the drug
suspect to the U.S. for trial actually started in the area
court of Maryland, U.S.A., and later got the awesome
support of the White House.
The magazine reports that so far, both the Nigerian
Police and the Nigerian Drug Law [Enforcement]
Agency have confirmed the alleged abduction, but
WEST AFRICA 29
washed their hands clean of complicity with the Ameri-
cans. AFRICAN CONCORD says the accomplice left in
the case, therefore, is Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of
Justice, which has argued on behalf of the Americans for
the extradition of drug suspects to America. The maga-
zine is worried that up till now the Nigerian Government
is yet to make a statement on the latest alleged abduction
of a Nigerian drug suspect.
AFRICAN CONCORD says the logical question now is:
Who is next on America’s hit list? Certainly, Nigerians will
not accept to become prisoners of America in their own
country, simply because America is losing the drug war.
Togo
Opposition Leader on Strike, Political Crisis
AB1512161892 London BBC World Service in English
1705 GMT 13 Dec 92
[From the “Focus on Africa” program hosted by Chris
Green]
[Text] Having survived an assassination attempt in May,
the prominent Togolese opposition leader, Gilchrist
Olympio is very much back into the political swing. As
the general strike in Togo ground to the end of its first
month, the son of Togo’s first president was on a tour of
several West African countries, including Togo’s imme-
diate neighbors, Ghana and Benin. This weekend, he
passed through London and came to the Focus studio. I
asked him what people in the neighboring countries were
saying about the situation in Togo.
[Begin recording] [Olympio] Well, naturally the neigh-
bors are very worried because of a possible spillover
from Togo. As we know, nobody knows exactly what the
outcome of the current strike is going to be, but the
position of a lot of responsible people, officials in the
neighboring countries, is they are extremely worried
about the position in 1 ogo.
[Green] Last weekend, there were great alarms in Togo,
stories of foreign commandos coming over the border.
What did you hear about that?
{[Olympio] Well, we have been having mercenaries
coming to Togo for the last 17 years. I was personally
involved to have recruited some in 1977. There is not an
iota of truth in all this.
[Green] Presumably, the government in Ghana, despite
having gone through elections, would be worried about
the president of a neighboring country being toppled by
popular movement.
[Olympio}] I do not think so. I think the Ghanaians
genuinely would like to see elections held in Togo very
much as in Ghana. Now, they also know that we are
dealing with an animal that is an extremely difficult one.
It has proven to be so in the last 25 or 30 years, but as
30 WEST AFRICA
neighbors, I think what they really will like to see is to
have conditions that will lead to elections.
[Green] Do you think that there is a possible precedent for
Togo there, that Jerry Rawlings, despite seeming unpopu-
larity, stood and was reinstated as president? Do you think
President Eyadema could do the same trick in Togo?
[Olympio] First, I will not talk of a seeming unpopularity
of Rawlings. I think he has always had solid support in
the rural areas of the country—not just in certain partic-
ular parts of Ghana—but from the south to the north. I
think there has always been some opposition to him in
the urban areas and among the intelligentsia. So, it was
give and take, who was going to win in fair elections.
This is not the case in Togo. I do not see exactly how the
present president of Togo could win fair elections in
Togo. All that we can say is if there is a runoff, it is going
to be a runoff between two or three opposition candi-
dates. I do not see him going even to the runoff.
[Green] In Togo, with the general strike, is that not
crippling Togo’s economy, making it impossible for any
opposition takeover to have any success economically.
[Olympio] Well, the country has been so badly managed
in the last few years so I do not think a month's general
strike or two months’ general strike...
{[Green, interrupting] We could be talking about an
indefinite strike.
{Olympio] Well, until the current regime changes or
makes a move towards accepting some of the basic
claims of the opposition and these are:
1. To make sure that there is a neutral Army that will
make sure that elections are properly conducted.
FBIS-AFR-92-24
16 December 19°92
2. I think everybody would like to see a situation, whereby
firm dates for elections are fixed; enough time given for
foreign observers to be invited to come into the country to
observe how elections are going to be conducted.
3. | think the opposition would like to make sure that the
Army makes a solemn proclamation on radio and tele-
vision that they are neutral in politics. They are there to
protect the country not to take part in day to day running
of the country; not to frighten the population; not to set
people’s houses on fire; not to throw hand grenades into
people’s shops, and so on and so forth, and I think these
are legitimate demands, and | do not see how the
president can get away without meeting any of those
demands.
[Green] But he has gone through a month of general
strike so far; there have been talks between the president
and the prime minister but actually, it is a standoff,
neither side can push it a stage further. Is the next stage
not going to be that people are going to drift back to work
simply because they cannot afford to stay out, that
President Eyadema will starve the strikers back to work?.
{Olympio]} Well, this does not seem to be the impression last
Thursday [10 December] when I was in West Africa, and
there was a general rally in the country. I think the deter-
mination of the population is even stronger than that of
political leaders. I think the population is quite determined
to go on and on and on with the strike. There is a chain of
solidarity in the country, where people are sharing out food,
clothing. Fishermen are going to work every morning,
bringing out sardines and little fishes frying them and
sharing them out in all the villages, especially in an area
where the Army was particularly vindictive, and shot a lot of
people—a place called Kodjoviakope—and I think it will
take a long time to persuade these people to go back to work.
You see, one of the advantages of underdeveloped coun-
iries, unlike highly developed countries, is that we can go
back to subsistence economies without too much difficulty.
{end recording]
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