Sub-Saharan Africa Report No. 2231

JPRS 75451
7 April 1980

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2231

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JPRS 75451

7 April

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2231

CONTENTS

[NTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Guinean Minister Views Ties With Morocco
(Abdoulaye Toure Interview; LE MATIN, 17 Mar BO) sees

Pope May Visit Zimbabwe on African Tour
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 16 Mar 80) ccccsccccccccvcccseccesss

Pasy Transit to Swaziland by Mozambican Youth, SNASP
Involvement
(Ar iindc Lopes; TEMPO, 3 Feb 80) eee een eee eee eee

Briefs
Equatorial Guinea Refugees Leave Gabon
BADEA Loans
Zambia Accepts Rhodesian Passports

ANGOLA

Dos Santos Exhorts Peasants To Increase Production
(Jose Eduardo dos Santos; JORNAL DE ANGOIA,

eT Feb RO) seer epeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeereeeeeeeeeee ee ©

UNITA Tactics in Border Area Described
(Jan van Ree; THE HERALD, 14 Mar 80) ccccccccccccsececs

Diamang Figures Show Production Drop
( WEST AFRICA, 1O Mar RO) seer eeeeeeereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Briefs

Delegation to JCP Congress
Diamond Receipts Up

°*¢@e [III - NE & A ~

1980

PAGE

~~} ~)

L6

~~
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—~4

L7

120]

CONTENTS (Continued)
CAPE VERDE

National Assembly Approves 1980 Budget
( vo? DI POVO, 15 Feb 80) eee eer eee eee eee eee eee ee ee

Briefs
Sal FIR Again Operational
Cooperation With Spain Viewed

CHAD
No Political Solution to Pactional Problems Bmerging
(LE MONDE, 13 Feb 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
High Tension in Ndjamena
A Devastated City, by Philippe Decraene
CONGO
Results of French-Congolese Joint Commission Session
(Pierre Nze}3 ETUMBA, 23 Feb 80) eee eee eee ee eeee
DJ [BOUT I
Minister Discusses Gulf Countries, Tour, Islamic Meeting
(Moumin Bahdon Farah Interview; LE REVEIL DE
DJIBOUTI, 7 Feb 80) eee e eee eeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
ETHIOPIA
Gains Since Rural Land Nationalization, AEPA Cited
(Editorial; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 4 Mar BO) seceves
Kenaf Pianting To Be Encouraged
(THE ETHICPIAN HERALD, 9 Mar 80) eee eee eee eee eee
Briefs
Contraband Textiles
GUINEA

Financial Problems Said Main Obstacle to National
Deve lopment

(Genevieve Sigisbert; EUROPE OUTREMER, Sep 79) ...

Problems Affecting Fruit Froduction Detailed
(Ray Autra; AFRICA, Feb 80) oe Pee eee eee eee eee ee

Page

Lu

lg
19

20

26

34

36

37

CONTENTS (Cont inued) Pag
MALAWI
Premier Sun, Banda Hold Talks in Blantyre
(CNA, 18 Mar 80) seer ee eee eee eee eee e eee eee eee eee eee 4)
MOZAMBIQUE
Rhodesian Attacks Seconded by Domestic Saboteurs
(Bditorial; TEMPO, 3 Feb 80) COPE eee eee eee 4e
Koranic Retaliation Law Judged Too Severe
(TEMPO, 3 Feb 80) see eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeee 4S
People's Stores Reportedly Closed to Military
(TEMPO, 3 Feb 80) *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 7
NAMIBIA
SWAPO Delegate to WPC Says Prisoners Are Tortured
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 5 Mar 80) .ssscsscseseceeees Le
Briefs
Terrorists Murder of Ovambo 50
Sappers Killed 50
Civilians Die From Landmine 50
Budget Figures 51
Lutherans Against Government Regulations 51
Khomasdal Autonomy Shelved 51
NIGER
President Visits Future Intensive Stock-Raising Site
(LE SAHEL, l Feb’ 80) eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee 52
Djermakoye Reports on Deve! opment Company to AFN
(LE SAHEL, 30-31 Jan 80 ) eee eee eee eee ee ee eee eee ee ee 54
RHODESIA
Independence Day Set for April 17
( THE HERALD, 15 Mar 80) serene eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 56
Mugabe Unveils Priorities

( THE HERALD, 14 Mar 80) eeeereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 58

CONTENTS (Continued) Pare

Robert. Mugabe--A Blographic Profl lk:
( ZEMEDELSKO ZNAME , 16 Mar 40) eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee HO

Lvovpo Analyzes Election Victory
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 16 Mar 80) cecccccccccccccccccece 62

Hamutyinel Recounts Days With Robert Mugabe
(M. A. Hamutyineij THE HERALD, 15 Mar 80) cecceceee 64

New Information Minister Shamuyarira Profiled
( THE HERALD, 13 Mar 80) seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 66

Shamuyarira on Crucial Issues Facing Whites
(THE HERALD, 15 Mar 80) eee eepeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 67

New Youth Minister Nhongo Profiled
(Heather Silk; THE HERALD , 13 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeee 69

Future of Losing Parties in Doubt
(THE HERALD, le Mar 80) eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 71

Election Results Sparks Moving Queries
(THE HERALD, 12 Mar 80) cccccccccccccscccccccsecees 72

Cartoon Depicts Difficulty in Selecting President
( THE HERALD, L5 Mar 80) *eenereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 73

Rev Cunaan Banana Expected To Be New President
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 16 Mar SO) ccecccccccccccvccccces Th

Rural War Damage Estimated at $75 Million
( THE HERALD, 13 Mar HO) eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 76

PM: Sense of Security All Important
( THE HERALD, 13 Mar #0) *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 78

Nkomo Urges ‘Renegade’ PF Men To Report
(Francis Malongwa; THE HERALD, 13 Mar 80) ..cececes 80

Editorial Comment, Opinion Published
(Editorials; THE HERALD, various dates) ...cccosccces 81

New Cabinet
Police Reserves
Develorpnent Plans
Woman in Cabinet
Independence Date

CONTENTS (Continued)

Crowds Throng ZANU (PF) Party Office
(THE HERs hn, L3 Mer 40) POR O RE PEP PPP Pee eee eee ee 2

Major Overhaul of ZRBC Expected
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 16 Mar 80) eseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Bulle: I Am Not Leaving Country
( THE SUNDAY MAIL, L6 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Mozambique Asked To Return UANC Supporters
(THE HERALD, 12 Mar 80) cecccccccccccccccesevececs

Little Movement Yet as PVs Open
(THE HERALD, 14 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Committee on Forces Has Second Meeting
(THE HERALD, 15 Mar 80) eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Dutch Aid Pledge Reported
( THE HERALD, 13 Mar 80) eeeeveeeeeveeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Ian Smith Quietly Leaves Office
(THE HERALD, 13 Mar 80) scecccccccccccccccsccesses

Lady Soames Addresses ZIPRA Troops
(THE HERALD , 14 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Curfews in Bu wayo To End
(THE H ALD, 15 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

Chinese Overtures, Wishes Reported
( THE HERALD, 15 Mar 80) e*eeeeeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

ICRC Surveys Reveal Widespread Suffering
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 16 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

ICRC Delegation Prepares To Leave
(THE HERALD, 13 Mar 80) eeeeveeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

University Enrollment Increase Expected
(THE SUNDAY MATL, 16 Mar GO) .eccccccccccccccccces

Students Left Out of Phase One Call-Ups
(THE HERALD, 15 Mar 80) eeeeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

No Cal.i-Up of Men Over Fifty Planned
(THE HERALD, 12 Mar 80) eseeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

- C-}-

Pup

'e\ 4)

S7

‘ee

91

92

Qu

9

96

101

102

CONTENTS (Continued) Pape

Claims of Phantom Army Just 'Hogwash' Says Spokesman
[Se GED. 18 Gap UO) cccccccececcccecececeeces 103

Major Security Force Command Changes Reported
(THE HERALD, 14 Mar 40) e*eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 104

Abundance of Capital Predicted
(THE HERALD-BUSINESS HERALD, 13 Mar 80) wesceeees 106

Agriculture Minister States Priority
(Various sources, various dates) cecscccecscccccece 108

Land Resett lement
Cartoon View

Reportage on Maize Incentive Bonus Scheme
(THE HERALD, 14, L5 Mar 80) sree eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 110

Early Delivery Encouraged
Further Details

Fuel-Saving Device Patented by Salisbury Man
( THE HERALD, 14 Mar 80) eeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeee 113

Airlines Fear AZR Fare Monopoly
(THE HERALD, 12 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeenenee 115

Union Carbide To Build Technical College
(THE HERALD, 15 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeene 117

Resumption of Cattle Sales in TTL's Reported
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 16 Mar 80) ceccccccccsccccccees 118

Que Que Awards Water Contracts
(THE HERALD-BUSINESS HERALD, 13 Mar 40) weccccees 120

Raii Electrification Project Opens for Bids
(THE HERALD-BUSINESS HERALD, 13 Mar 80) ..ceceeee 121

African Farmers To Press for Farm Ownership
(Cynthia Brodie; THE HERALD, 14 Mar 80) ..ccceees 122

New Menager: 'Tilcor Set To Meet Challenge’
( THE HERALD, 12 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 124

of«

CONTENTS (Continued) Page

Briefs
More Armed Clashes 125
Success of Revaluation 125
Protected Villages Opened 126
New Identity Cards 126
CFU Meeting 126
Missing Persons Probe 126
ZANU Plea 127
More Refugee Transit Camps 127
France 'Ready for Official Ties' 127
Stockthefts at Selukwe 128
Mrs Chitepo Returns 128
White Immigration 128
Job Change Policies 128
Chihota Fined 129
Police Camp Deaths 129
Incidents of Intimidation 129
Censorship Ban Lifted 129
Datsun Assembly Survey 129
Maize Industry 130
SENEGAL

"LE MONDE' Views Background to Cancelation of Giscard
Senegal Visit
(Pierre Biarnes; LE MONDE, 16-17 Mar 80) .cecesseee 131

Economic Difficulties Jeopordize Senegalization of Capital
(Joel Decupper}3 AFRICA, Feb 80 eeeeeeeeseseeeesese 133

Minister Responds to 'ANDE SOPI' Attacks
(Djibril Sene; LE SOLEIL, 23-2) Feb 80) ..cceeceess 136

PDS Convention Held in Dakar
(LE SOLEIL, 2 3225 Feb 80 ) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 138

SEYCHELLES

Overpopulation Predicted, Family Planning Urged
(NATION, 5 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee” 140

Children Grow Food To Help Self-Sufficiency Drive
(NATION, 1h Mar 80) eeeereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeee eens 141

Experimental Maize Cultivation Project Proves Successful
(NATION, 13 Mar 80) eeeeeeaceeeeeeeeeeeeeee er eeeeaeeeaee 143

CONTENTS (Continued)

Cinnamon To Become Key Export
(NATION, 6 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeee

Success of Fall Employment Scheme Reported
(NATION, 11 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeee

Agriculture Minister Optimistic About Regional Cooperation
(NATION, 8 Mar 80) eeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee

Oil Exploration Effort Described
(NATION, 10 Mar 80) eeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeveeeeeeeeaeee

Briefs
Electricity Consumption
Defense Minister Returns
Airport Road Repairs
SWA Delegation
SOUTH AFRICA

Prime Minister Botha Calls for Support of NP Policy
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 18 Mar 80) cecccccccccvesecs

Homeland Leaders Criticize Botha Policy
(Lawrence Mayekiso; THE CITIZEN, 17, 18 Mar 80) ....

Qua-Qua Leader Mopeli's Statement
Statement by Lebowa Leader

Botha Clarifies 'State Conference' Reference
( THE CITIZEN, 17; 19 Mar 80) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

'DIE BURGER' Interview
Botha on 12 Points
Hendrickse Comment

Colored Persons Council Bill Debated
( THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 80) eeeeeoee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeneee

Viljoen Addresses Opening of Lebowa Assembly
( THE CITIZEN, 18 Mar 80) eeeeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneaeene

Former President Vorster's Speech Criticized
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 14 Mar 80) eeereeeseseeeeses

Call for Moderate Leaders To Help Avoid Another Rhodesia
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 18 Mar 80) .cccccccccccccces

othe

Page

145

147

148

150

152
152
152
152
15h

156

159

161

162

163

164

CONTENTS (Continued)

Oppenheimer Reviews AECI Prospects
(Don Wilkinson; THE CITIZEN, 18 Mar 80) weeccoeeces

Briefs
Racial Friction on Railways
Economic Grow. Factors

Assocom on In Control
TOGO
Eyadema Speaks on Mercenaries' Plot, Economic Situation
(Gnassingbe Byadema Interview; EUROPE
OUTREMER, Sep 79) eeeeeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneee8
UGANDA
Briefs
Industries Handed Over t ita amily
Steel Industry Reactivation
ZAIRE
Mobutu Claims Zairians United Around His Leadership
(Etienne Ugelix; LE SOIR, 12 Mar 80) cecccccccecees
ZAMBIA

Briefs
Businessmen Flogged
Zambian Police Shoot Strikers
Stand Down

Page

166

167
167
168

169

172
172

173

_ a

176
176
176

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

GUINEAN MINISTER VIEWS TIES WITH MOROCCO
LD240947 Casablanca LE MATIN in French 17 Mar 80 pp 1, 5 LD

Interview with Guinean Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Toure by Mustapha Sehimi:
"His Majesty the King Is a Great Militant of Africa"; date and place not
specified]

[Text] Before his departure, Guinean Foreign Minister Abdouleve Toure, who
participated in the Jerusalem committee's work, was kind enougn to reply
to some of our questions.

LE MATIN: Minister, what conclusions have you drawn from the Jerusalem
committee's recent deliberations in Marrakesh?

Abdoulaye Toure: The Jerusalem committee has done some very useful work.
All Muslim states belonging to this committee participated ‘n this work
at the highest level.

LE MATIN: Can the adopted resolution be described as realistic?

Abdoulaye Toure: Yes, the resolution is realistic but this does not mean
that it is devoid of content. The principles which presided over the
creation of the Jerusalem committee 1 year ago have been reaffirmed.
However, there is more to this resolution than mere slogans. It represents
a strategy which we have determined and it falls within the framework of

a responsible political process.

LE MATIN: How would you describe the existing bilateral relations between
our two countries?

Abdoulaye Toure: We attach great importance to our bilateral relations.
Morocco and Guinea are both founder members of the OAU. And I can tell
you that without the January 1961 Casablanca Charter there would be no OAU.
Our two countries are bound together by ties of militancy for Africa.

These are no recent ties; they are historical and have always operated

in favor of peace, freedom and progress in Africa.

Our two countries complement each other. Morocco has achieved a certain
level of development, especially in the agricultural sphere. And Guinea
can usefully benefit from Morocco's experience in the sp.eres of irriga-
tion, agricultural technology and development techniques.

There are great opportunities in the cultural sphere--dozens of Guinean
atudentsa attend Moroccan universities, which are of international standard,

Furthermore, as far as the economic and industrial sectors are concerned,
we plan to create mixed economy companies with a view to developing trade
exchanges between the two countries.

LE MATIN: What are your views on the threats of destabilization hanging
over Africa?

Abdoulaye Toure: Campaigns and threats aimed at destebilization have been
launched from all directions. This is a result of the fact that at least
some people believe that regimes in Africa are unstable. The desire to
destabilize Africa is connected with expansionist policies reminiscent of
the “gunboat policy” pursued in the 19th century and at the beginning

of this century.

Certain African states have been used as bases and springboards for campaigns

eimed at destabilizing some other states. This is blameworthy. Increased
wareness among our peoples is the only answer to this.

ese threats of destabilization can also be countered through increased
»peration and more frequent consultations among African countries. And,
jeally, we must strengthen the OAU and make it serious-minded and
eepoms ible and jointly seek to create a continental organization at the
‘ce of che higher interests of the African peoples.

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

POPE MAY VISIT ZIMBABWE ON AFRICAN TOUR
Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 1

[Text] The Pope might visit Zimbabwe during his African tour this year,
the Roman Catholic apostolic delegate to Southern Africa, the Most Rev.

Edward Cassidy, said here last week. "A visit to this country cannot be
ruled out this year," Archbishop Cassidy said during his brief visit to

Bulawayo. "Obviously he will receive a large number of invitations and

won't be able to accept them all, on this tour anyway.

"So he will be looking for special reasons to visit. Last year the (Roman
Catholic) Church in this country celebrated its centenary. Because of
the situation the celebrations were a little low-key. This is the sort of
thing that will influence Pope John Paul in his choice of countries.

“And, of course, the end of a war is something well worth celebrating."
The archbishop is in the country until Independence.

"The Holy See would like to see a close relationship and there would be
no problems on our side if the Government wanted to establish diplomatic
relations. Most countries in Africa do have such ties with us.

"In fact the only ones I can think of that don't are South Africa, Angola
and Mozambique.

"There is « great deal in common between the social teaching of the church
anc the manifesto issued by the Government before the elections.

"The new Constitution has a clause for the freedom of conscience and reli-
gion, which is all any church would ask for."

Archbishop Cassidy said he would meet local Raman Catholic bishops.
"The bishops here will have to establish their priorities and then we will

see what we can do to help. There is a lot of work to be done, with the
refugee problems and so much has been destroyed in the rural areas."

CSO: 44620

INTER“AFRICAN AFFAIRS

EASY TRANSIT TO SWAZILAND BY MOZAMBICAN YOUTH, SNASP INVOLVEMENT
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese No 486, 3 Feb 80 pp 22-26
(Article by Arlindo Lopes: "A Dangerous Adventure")

\Excerpts] Artur Henrique Carlos and Titos Jose Nuvunga are two young men who
fled to Swaziland last year. They are 16 and 15 years old respectively and
studied, prior to their departure, at the secondary schools Josina Machel

and Matola.

“| was in the seventh grade and I was repeating. One day, two friends spoke
to me about fleeing abroad.... It was an adventure for me," he toid us
several days ago in Maputo.

This is about two cases, quite similar to those of other young people be-
tween the ages of 13 and 17, who left the country illegally in 1979.

‘What made you leave the country illegally"? we began questioning young
Artur.

"It was a pure adventure for me. I wanted an adventure--to go and see,
suite simply. When I left, I was counting on the hospitality of one of my
aunts who lives in Mbabane. I hoped to do various things that my friends
told me about, make friends or see different things, since I had lived 17
vears in Maputo and never left. I expected to encounter very different
things, which our country did not have...!

in Swaziland, I went fromone place to another, and did nothing. I spent
2 1/2 months trying to study, but without documentation, it is difficult,"
he told us.

As a result, he took to the road again and returned home. It did not end
vere. He went to Swaziland and returned seven times, and on the eighth,
was detained by SNASP [National People's Security Service], as he himself
told us:

"In all, coming and going, I made 14 trips. When I came from Swaziland the
last time, in October, I expected to return again. As on the other occasions,
I had no problem, I saw no obstacle at the border and I thought it would
always be that way. However, I was in Maputo a week and had many friends....
Many people began to talk, thie came to SNASP's attention and I was detained."

Fathers Who Do Not Know the Children

In the interviews we had with some people on the flight of young people to
Swaziland, we detected negative behavior characterizing the actions of some
fathers and education officials. What should be their role, for example,
when children disappear for some time and return with a dubious explanation?

When this absence is prolonged or he wears a new suit home, it is normal for
fathers to ask where he was or who bought him the new clothes he brought
with him.

Parents can either conceal or act as accomplices about the negative attitudes
of the very young. We spoke with people who were detained because they did
not turn in sons, nephews or cousins who, like Artur Carlos, left illegally
for Swaziland and returned secretly, as if it were the most natural thing

in the world.

Every Citizen Must Make Denunciations

Leaving national territory without authorization is a crime, according to an
article of criminal law, against the security of the people and the people's
state. It is the duty of every citizen to turn in those individuals doing
this.

The illegal departure of minors for other countries could result in conse-
quences other than those we mention. In certain neighboring countries,
agents of imperialism corrupt and recruit Mozambique youth to make them com-
mit serious crimes against their own and neighboring countries. In short,
betray their country. Now, it is known that in Swaziland, agents infil-
trated by the Special Branch (secret police of the illegal Rhodesian Govern-
ment) frequently work under the cover of the so-called "Free Africa" to

try to recruit Mozambicans. This is the story of Titos Nuvunga:

"An individual who said he belonged to "Free Africa" contacted me about
going to khodesia for training and returning to Mozambique to perform cer-
tain services, such as: determining the bus stops and other places fre-
quented by the people, the authorities and the FPLM [Popular Forces for the
Liberation of Mozambique). This individual told me: ‘You see the lies

in our country and we need shirts; if you work with us, we are going to
liberate the country and install a new government.’ But my answer was no,
because I did not oppose Mozambique politics or the government, but fled
Mozambique because I had personal problems."

?

Artur Carlos confirmed thie kind of enticement and stressed that such agents
"had authorized exits at the South African and Rhodesian borders, and they
went from one side to the other."

A Dangerous Adventure

According to Artur, there are many Mozambicans in Swaziland. "Many of them
are there legally; that ie, with the authorization of the Swaziland Govern-
ment. They arrive there and, to be admitted, arrange things and say: ‘We

are fleeing because we do not wish to go into the army’ and other such things.
Thus, they are considered political refugees, receive United Nations assis-
tance and a bishop gives them money.

Even the Swazi at times ask, ‘You are independent, why flee'? Many can not
answer. Then, they do nothing but drink, go to nightclubs and waste the
money given to them."

These are bad habits--lack of discipline, laziness, lack of responsibility
and lack of patriotism which the revolution is combating, since they are
contrary to the new man that we wish to create. This is what a SNASP offi-
cial said when presenting the people to be interviewed, "the people of
Mozambique themselves are going to create the happiness of the Mozambique
people.”

On the subject of these fugitives, we ©’ nct forget that in the revolution-
ary process like ours, the struggle between old and new ideas is acute. The
internal struggle of classes and the pressure of imperialism against the
advance of socialism creates situations like those we have just described.

9479
CSO: 44601

INTER=AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

EQUATORIAL GUINEA REFUGEES LEAVE GABON--Libreville 18 Mar (AFP)--Four hundred
and sixty Equatorial Guinean refugees left Libreville (Gabon) on Monday for
Malabo (Equatorial Guinea) aboard the boat Acadio Man Ela, After the change
of regime in Equatorial Guinea the almost 60,000 Equatorial Guinean refugees
residing in Gabon were invited either to return freely to their country or
to etay. Since then, the return to the motherland has been done on indi-
vidual basis across the frontiers and more often by road. According to the
Malabo Embassy in Libreville, about 3,000 people have already registered at
the chancellery to return voluntarily to their country. For Mr Michel
Dupiogat, representative of the UN High Commission for Refugees, the re-
patriation of refugees to their countries of origin always constitutes the
best solution as much in the humanitarian as in the social and economic
aspects. The Gabonese Government on its part, has confirmed that a Gabonese
boat, the Mayumba, could run between Libreville and Malabo as soon as the
need arises, The repatriation exercise iv financed by the UN High Commis-
sion for Refugees. [Text] [AB181400 Paris AFP in French 0919 GMT 18 Mar 80
AB }

BADEA LOANS--The Arab Bank for African Economic Development [BADEA] is to
grant loans to Botswana, Mozambique and the Seychelles. The decision was
taken by the Administrative Council of the bank at the end of its 16th
session held on 1 and 2 March in Khartoum, With these new operations,

the total commitments of the bank in Africa come to 350.13 million and
571.874 million taking into account the assistance given in the form of
emergency aid. The Administrative Council of the bank has decided to grant
a loan of 1.20 million dollars to the Seychelles republic for the financing
of the electrification project of Preslin Island, The loan, (34 percent
of the total cost) is payable in 12 years including a grace period of 2
years and carries an annual interest of 5 percent. [Kinshasa AZAP in French
1425 GMT 18 Mar 80 AB)

ZAMBIA ACCEPTS RHODESIAN PASSPORTS--Zambia yesterday finally agreed to
accept Rhodesian passports and travel documents. The move follows per-
sistent pressure on Lusaka by the Governor, Lord Soames. The Governor's
chief spokesman, Mr Nicholas Fenn, said the decision would take effect
immediately. “Rhodesian passport holders will be treated in the same way
as other Commonwealth passport holders," he said. "Visas will not be nec-
essary." Zambia has withheld recognition of Rhodesian passports since the
Governor arrived and the start of the ceasefire. Rhodesians were charged

T

100 kwacha [tor temporary entry permits. S5ritish passport noiders were

only charged 2,25 kwacha. There were fears that the Zambians might seize
Rhodesian passports at the border. Yesterday's decision comes as rela-

tions between Zambia and Rhodesia rapidly improve. There was an exchange
of prisoners at the Chirundu border post last we.k and the Lusaka Govern-
ment has demobilized its reserve force, which was called up at the height
of the war. [Text] [Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 1]

CSO: 4420

ANGOLA

DOS SANTOS EXHORTS PEASANTS TO INCREASE PRODUCTION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 80 pp 1,3

[Speech by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos at the Cahombo Farm in Malanje
Province; date not given]

{Excerpts} During the meeting held with farmworkers at the
Cahombo Farm in Malanje Province at the end of the day of
voluntary labor marking the official start of the National
Corn Harvesting Campaign, comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos,
chairman of the MPLA-Labor Party and president of the Peo-
ple's Republic of Angola, delivered the following extempo-
raneous speech.

Comrade members of the Political Bureau and Central Committee of the MPLA-
Labor Party;

Comrade members of the Party Provincial Committee;

Comrade provincial commissioner;

Comrade workers of the Cahombo unit;

Comrade workers in agriculture;

Comrade guests;

Dear comrade pioneers;

Dear friends and compatriots;

It is with great satisfaction that we are here today in Malanje Province and,

at this moment, in this production unit to talk and converse for a few moments
with officials of this enterprise and with the workers in agriculture.

It was not by chance that the comrade minister of agriculture chose this unit
for today's visit by a delegation from the party and government. We all know

that there is a shortage of corn for feeding our population, an not only of
corn. We all know also that before our independence, in the colonial period,
corn production in Angola was sufficient for our needs and that there were
even surpluses--that is, there was corn left over--that we exported to other
countries. The process of struggling for our independence was a difficult
one which, in its final phase, saw moments of great hardship--moments of
quite hard and difficult struggle against those who were trying to take away
from the Angolan people the gains they had achieved following a long and hard
war of national independence,

Thus it was that we inherited an extremely difficult situation. With few
cadres, with the marketing channels destroyed, and with the firms abandoned,
paralyzed, and in some cases destroyed. Well, obviously, in order to assert
ourselves as a people and a nation, we had to build a sovereign and independ-
ent state from those ruins; we had to defend our gains because our enemies
even beyonce. our frontiers, were continuing to attack us in every way.

Our financial capacity--our economic capacity--was reduced or diminished to

a large extent. In the first years of independence, we were no longer export-
ing as much petroleum, as many diamonds, or as much coffee as we had during
the colonial period. In other words, we were no longer collecting as much
foreign exchange--as much money in foreign currency--as we did during the
colonial period. And that fact obviously prevented us from being able to
solve all of the nation's problems rapidly and immediately. We have worked--
obviously within the limits of the country's possibilities then and now--at
solving the problems, and obviously we have paid greater attention to those
sectors that were most disorganized--those that were most completely destroyed.
And we are thinking of the transportation sector: in 1975-1976 there were
practically no buses in Angola, and there were no taxis. There were also
practically no automobiles, even for leaders. In 1976-1977, even in the capi-
tal, our stores were empty--almost completely empty. And we have continued
to make an effort, we have continued to import tractors, we have continued

to import clothing, and we have continued to import food. Obviously, there
was not enough of everything, and there is still not enough of everything,

for everyone. And the situation we are experiencing is reflected in the fol-
lowing: to import everything we need--food, clothing, shoes, medicines, and
ineans of transportation--we must have money. And that money must be foreign
money because we must buy those products from other countries. We cannot pay
for them in kwanzas. Well, we can ask other countries to lend us money; that
is one way. And we have done so. But we cannot follow that path only--the
path of asking other countries to lend us money, because obviously we put

our country in debt by doing so, and then we lose our independence.

Therefore, comrades, we have made a great effort in the area of diamonds and
petroleum, You are reminded that just after our independence, petroleum was
no longer being produced in Cabinda. The Americans practically stopped work-
ang in Cabinda. They even did not want to deliver the airplanes--the Boeing
-37's--that we had bought at the time. The diamond firm was practically
»araiyzed; many technicians who were Portuguese fled.

10

And so we have made a great effort. We have reviewed the contracts and agree-
ments signed by the colonialists with the Americans concerning petroleum and
with other foreigners in connection with diamonds. We have found ways to
keep those important firms operating. And since they are operating today,
they are generating foreign exchange. But they are operating as partnerships:
that is, a portion of the capital--the money--used to operate those firms is
provided by Angola. Another portion comes from foreign countries and Western
countries. This means that not all of the revenue--not all of the money
earned by selling petroleum and diamonds--reverts to the People's Republic of
Angola alone. We must share it in proportion to the amount of money we have
in the firm,

On the other hand, while those firms are operating and generating foreign ex-
change, another important sector that also provides us with foreign exchange
is the coffee sector. And you comrades in agriculture know very well what
difficulties we have experienced in recovering production levels in that sec-
tor. We have had great difficulties, and our production has declined from
year to year. In 1977-1978 we produced only 35,000 tons, and in 1979 we pro-
duced 20,000 tons, while in 1974 production totaled about 200,000 tons.

So, comrades, those are difficulties that our country is experiencing and
that we must resolve--all of us, we the Angolan people. And that is why we
sometimes have these situations in which there are not enough supplies or not
enough clothing for everyone. And so we must all think together about this:
what are the best ways for us to solve all those problems?

On the one hand, in order for us to buy clothing, shoes, food, medicine,
transportation, and machinery and develop our economy, we need foreign ex-
change. On the other hand, in order for us to have foreign money, we also
need to produce at least petroleum, diamonds, coffee, quartz, and other things
that we can sell abroad--sisal and so on.

That is why, comrades, and as our late comrade, President Dr Agostinho Neto,
said right here in Malanje, our economic situation is not an easy one.

In the midst of our difficulties, obviously, we must find the remedy for our
problems. That is why we have been saying that the best solution for taking
care of our problems is in fact for each one, in his workplace, to produce--
to produce constantly more and better. In other words, to work.

That is why, as I said at the beginning, we did not come here by chance. We
need corn. The People's Republic of Angola now imports corn: corn that could
be produced here in Angola. We import about 200,000 tons of corn. That rep-
resents foreign exchange--in other words, foreign money that we could be
using to buy clothing, medicine, and shoes. But no, we are going to buy corn:
corn that we could be producing in our own country!

Well, a great effort has already been made, and I congratulate you comrades
in agriculture, you officials, and you workers, because you are in fact

ll

contributing in an effective manner to our solution of the Angolan people's
problems.

This year's corn production is probably already greater than last year's;
large areas have already been prepared and cultivated. We will definitely
have to harvest all the corm produced. nd in that we will definitely have
to put forth every effort. In other wor s, the government, the party, and
officials at all levels must make every «ifort to give the workers the
necessary support so that the corn can in fact be harvested,

I want to express one hope, however, and that is that we will not in fact
lose the corn that is already mature. We will have to make every effort to
harvest all the corn, net only in Malanje Province but also in all the other
provinces.

Sometimes we are faced with situations of indiscipline at various levels--~-
among the rank-and-file workers, among intermediate cadres, or among offi-
cials. The party's directives are not always respected, the government's
decisions are not always implemented, and those who do not implement them
are not always punished,

We imported more than 9,000 vehicles of various kinds in 1978-1979. And we
can say without exaggeration that at this moment more than half of them--
that is, about 4,000 units--are not operational. They are at a standstill.

And that is not all. Sometimes large quantities of food products spoil--food
products that the government imports to minimize the people's problems.

As I was saying just now, comrades, sometimes the products we import to mini-
mize the people's problems are allowed to spoil through the carelessness and
negligence of a few officials. We know that there is a shortage of bread in
almost all the provinces; there is a shortage of wheat flour. But 1,800 tons
of wheat or a little more have spoiled through the negligence of officials!
This is just to illustrate the fact that in our own midst we sometimes have
individuals who act against our revolution and who are not interested in
solving the people's problems but rather just the opposite. And against

chem we must apply the revolutionary democratic dictatorship, because they
are behaving as enemies of the people. This means that at all levels we must
be vigilant and continue to impose discipline through enforcement of the law.
This is very important because otherwise, a part of the people, government,
and party will be working to solve the few difficult and pressing problems
that we have, while others, working under cover, will continue to oppose,
thwart, and hinder the thorough development of the revolutionary process that
will enable us to satisfy in the future the needs that we all have.

i am not going to go on at length; these are problems that you see and feel

overy day, but at times we are somewhat liberalist. We do not act when it is
necessary. We let things go. And such behavior is not correct.

12

At all levels--among the workers, among rank-and-file workers, among officials,
among intermediate cadres, among party leaders, and among government leaders~--
we will have to enforce compliance with the rules and enforce discipline.

If we do not, it will be difficult for us to organize a strong country~-~-a
country that is truly independent.

In conclusion, I want to express the hope to all of you workers in agricul-
ture that you will in fact continue the spirit of competition and emulation
among the various units. At our level, we feel that we must continue to
provide agriculture with sizable support. Agriculture is the basis of our
economic-social development; that is how our party defines it. And every
government and every party must turn its chief attention to the problems of
agriculture. Our peasants have been working. It is they who have the most
difficulties and they who currently benefit the least from the fruits of our
independence.

Long live agriculture.

Comrades, we are in the year of the First Party Congress and in the year of
the establishment of the People's Assembly. Party members especially and

all the people in general cannot lose sight of these important tasks which
our party and our people must fulfill.

If we organize our People's Assembly, we will in fact have an organization
which will help us immensely in controlling government and state activity and
which will always advise officials at the opportune moment so that they can
find the best solutions to the people's problems.

The most important thing is to solve the people's problems!

This is 1980: year of the First Special Party Congress and of the establish-
ment of the People's Assembly.

Long live proletarian internationalism!
Long live the MPLA-Labor Party!

Long live people's government!

The struggle continues!

For people's government.

Victory is certain!

11798
cSO: 4401

13

UNITA TACTICS IN BORDER AREA DESCRIBED

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 10

[Article by Jan van Ree]

[Text ]

THE seesaw war in
southern Angola be-
tween UNITA and
MPLA Government
soldiers has been given
a new dimension by the
proposed demilitarised
zone along the South
West. African border
with Angola. :

Several South West
African and South Afri-
can officials and politi-
Clans have warned that
UNITA wil} have to be
reckoned wit!. 2 the talks
on the DMZ, and the
leader of the resistance
movement, Dr Jonas
Savimbi, has already said
that without his organ-
isation the DMZ will never
become a reality. *

He has sent messages
to this effect to the South
African Prime Minister,
Mr P. W. Botha, and the
Secretary-General of the
United Nations,Dr Kurt
Waicheim.

UNITA ciatms to have |
substantial influence mych
further tnto Angola than
the southern border area
and this is substantiated
by thety oroven ability to. .
keep the RBenguela :
way inoperative

Along the South West
African bovder UNITA is
active mostly in the east,
where for the past few

are the three mane
fowne ot Cuangar, Calais

and Dirico have been won
and lost several times by
each side.

three towns have Become

comes when the local

ple are told by

UNITA to leave the area.

The MPLA, when it takes

a town, lets the people

move in around it on

smaliholdings. Once these

ple to leave they

| a U A is going to

start its softening-up pro-
cess.

NERVOUS

This consists of harass-
ment of patrols — several

trols out of Calais ~and
Cuangar have been at-
by UNITA forces

d the ast two
a. — also lob-
bing the odd mortar bomb
into the towns themselves.

14

ANGOLA

This makes the MPLA .
soldiers nervous and rifle
fire can often he heard
coming from Calais dur-
ing the night.

The harassment usually
starts just before the first
rains,’ Then er ~
ground is thoroughly
soaked and aircraft can
no | r land on the
earth landing strips
UNITA goeg over to its
main offensive.

MPLA morale sinks be-
cause of a lack of food
pane being cu. off. After a

ttle usually only
a few days UNITA oc-
cupies the town.

e soldiers who die in

iat “he Havango River

- and if the crocodiles do

not get them first a police
Kivango has ‘the. gery

Vv
task of fishing hm |
of the river.

UNITA allows the local
population to move inta
the town with them but
after a while the troops
move out back into the

bush and e remain.
When the returns
in full force du the

dry season the flee
and the 44 ~ are

once again occupied
MPLA. " by

This ja the way tne war
| in southern has
been seesawing for seve-
ral yeats and sources be-
lieve that UNITA would
without doubt be «4
headache to any feree
whien wished to occupy
the border aréa.

UNITA is the oldest
resistence movement in
the area and over the
years hag become more
effective due tw ex-
perience and more 40-
phisticated weapons. They
alao ve the traditional
support ‘ot the local pop-
ulation in the area.

If UNTTA were to start
a full-scale, do-or-die of-
fensive to stop the estab-
lishment of a DMZ they
would create serioug prob-
lems for South est
Africa. .

CSO: 4420

SHORTAGE

The ey = in the far
north of th -+y and
the actual area
with Angola, is —_ 2
experiencing a food short-
age and the Kavango
authorities have been for-
ced to usk for ald.

Mr Aloys Hashpirai, the
Kavango Minister of
Interior, told me om a
recemt visit to the area
that there was » we little
food on our side of the
river”.

“If we suddenly get an
influx of thousand
refugees it would mean
big Pro proMeme,” he said.

it has to p_ the
for the majority
of are of the same

“The Kavango River
Was never our rea) border
— this lies about 80 km
into Angola,” he said, “It
warn only when the white
man oame that the river
was made the border,
Most of the people in
Angola speak our lang-
wage and have friends and
relatives in the Kavango.”

DIAMANG FIGURES SHOW PRODUCTION DROP

ANGOLA

London WEST AFRICA in English 10 Mar 80 p 448

[Text }

its Output to | 4m. carats this year.

performance in 1979 have not yet

independence, the company was

CSO: 4420

16

ite was mainly due to
exodus of trained personnel, a
increase in

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

DELEGATION TO JCP CONGRESS--With a view to participating in the work of the
15th Congress of the Japan Communist Party [JCP], which began yesterday in
Atami, a party delegation left Luanda on Monday for that Asian country. It
was headed by comrade Antonio Lengue, director of the Department of External
Relations of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee. It should be pointed
out, however, that the main issue before the congress will be that of trying
to find the most effective means of forming a united front among Japanese
progressive forces and ways in which that country can contribute to interna-
tional development on the basis of three principles: denunciation of the
Japanese-American security treaty, a policy serving the interests of the
workers, and energetic opposition to the return to militarism. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 80 p 2) 11798

DIAMOND RECEIPTS UP--Thanks to an almost 1l2-percent rise in international
diamond prices, revenues from national production of that type of precious
stone rose by about $3.5 million in September and October alone. That in-
formation was supplied to our newspaper by the Angola Diamond Company, which
quoted a figure of $3,534,990 15 as the increase in receipts during the
period in question and said it was due to fluctuations at the Central Diamond
Exchange in London. As is known, the People's Republic of Angola is an im-
portant diamond exporter, but for the past 2 years the government has been
making a tremendous effort to bring about a recovery of production levels in
a sector of activity that was obviously among those most affected by the
flight of technicians after independence. It should be noted that the rise
in diamond prices is all the more important to our country's economy in that
along with petroleum and coffee, that product constitutes one of the most im-
portant sources of foreign exchange. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 27 Feb 80 p 2) 11798

CSO: 4401

l7

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY APPROVES 1980 BUDGET
Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 13 Feb 80 p 2

(Excerpts) The work of the Eighth Session of the People's National Assembly
[ANP) was devoted to a persistent analysis of government and party activity
and of the country's problems, and it ended with a decision as to the purpose
and allocation of the 3,292,786,728 escudos that will be used to administer
the operation of the state, undertake infrastructure projects, and carry out
projects in the areas of agriculture, industry, and the social advancement
of our inhabitants.

The General State Budget for 1980 includes an investment program of 2.41 bil-
lion escudos and provides 862,786,728 escudos for operating the country's
administrative apparatus. Practically all of it is already financed, with
the major portion being guaranteed, as has now become the custom, through in-
ternational cooperation (61 percent), the National Development Fund (10 per-
cent), and nontied bilateral aid (Swedish cooperation, for example). Only
10 percent remains to be guaranteed, all of it in the investment progran.

The secretary of state for cooperation and planning, whose task it was to
present the investment program, emphasized that while there had been justifi-
cation during a certain period--while a suitable administrative and economic
apparatus was being set up--for investments that were necessarily less pro-
grammed because they had to deal with emergency situations, such a policy
cannot continue any longer without jeopardizing achievements that will soon
be required by development.

A certain degree of continuity will have to be tolerated, however, with re-
spect to labor-intensive projects, which in recent years have employed about
30,000 persons, or an estimated one-third of the active population and one-
half of the inherited unemployment. According to comrade Jose Brito, the
building of infrastructure will soon require an increase of about 4 billion
escudos .n investments, since 40 percent of the current investments are
being absorbed by equipment.

11798
cSO: 4401

18

CAPE VERDE

SAL FIR AGAIN OPERATIONAL--After a long and difficult path followed by Cape
Verdian authorities with support from the diplomacy of friendly countries--
namely Portugal, Spain, and Brazil--and international organizations such as
the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), the Sal Ocean FIR
(Flight Information Region) became officially operational again on Thursday
morning, the 2lst. It will serve about 8,000 large aircraft annually. Be-
ginning at 1200 hours on the 2lst of this month, Cape Verde resumed adminis-
tration of its Ocean FIR with centralized control at the Amilcar Cabral In-
ternational Airport (on Sal Island). In the opinion of experts, that region
occupies an excellent geographic position and will again be playing a basic
‘ole in the equilibrium and safety of the heavy air traffic at that inter-
section linking Africa and Europe with North and South America. [Excerpts)
(Praia “OZ DI POVO in Portuguese 23 Feb 80 pp 1,8) 11798

COOPERATION WITH SPAIN VIEWED—-The joint commission on Spanish-Cape Verdian
cooperation will meet for the first time in the city of Praia in late May.

A Spanish technical mission, including an individual from the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, will come to our country beforehand, in order to arrange
future bilateral cooperation activities. Cape Verde has quite similar prob-
lems in the areas of agriculture, desertification, fishing and development
of the refrigeration industry to those of the Canary Islands. [Text]

[Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 4-11 Feb 80 p 8) 9479

cso: 44601

19

NO POLITICAL SOLUTION TO FACTIONAL PROBLEMS EMERGING
High Tension in Ndjamena
Paris LE MONDE in French 13 Feb 80 p 1

[Text] Exactly 1 year after the battle of Ndjamena, no political solution
is emerging in Chad. The application of the agreement reached in Lagos in
August 1979 by 11 political-military factions is running into serious
difficulties; and high tension prevails in the capital, where students have
gone on strike to protest against "the indifference and irresponsibility"
of the authorities with respect to their problems.

In Paris, this situation is judged “extraordinarily dangerous," according to
a statement made last week by Robert Galley. “There are more than 30,000
men under arms in Chad, while the economy of the country is barely in a
position to support severa) [word illegible] of gendarmes," said the
minister of cooperation notably to the English-speakiag press, after which
he added, “Every effort made by France is aimed at putting together the
conditions of a rapid demilitarization of this country so that economic
life and life, period, can take off again."

In an effort to establish a timetable for the withdrawal of French troops,
Rene Journiac traveled to Ndjamena last week before he was killed in an
airplane accident in Cameroon.

A Devastated City
Paris LE MONDE in French 13 Feb 80 pp 1, 3

[Article by Philippe Decraene: "A Country in the Grip of Factions. 1. The
Power of the Kalashnikovs"™]

[Text] Ndjamena--Three short bursts of automatic weapon fire followed by

a much longer fourth burst disturb the calm of the tropical night. A long
series of tracer bullets passes over the curtain of palm trees which encloses
the garden and loses itself beyond the villa's roof. A nightjar quickens

its flight, and the bullfrogs have momentarily interrupted their concert.

On the terrace where four Europeans are assembled, only the travelers give
signs of anxiety. The expatriates remain calm. For several months now,

such incidents no longer surprise them.

20

Accidental firings, short, armed confrontations, at times summary executions,
are now part of the daily reality of the capital of Chad, Africans are

dying without anyone's knowing under what conditions. Miraculously preserved
to this day~--except for errant bullets--the European community, which had
lamented four deaths during the bloody events of February and March 1979,

has to accommodate itself to this atmosphere of civil war.

The expatriates who have remained on site (500 to 600 instead of the

3,600 who lived here before February 1979) accept this ordeal as calmly

as possible. However, the recent attack on one of them, a Jesuit priest,
who was stabbed by a Chadian ,* has caused a serious malaise in the ranks

of the small colony where everyone knows everyone else, and a certain amount
of solidarity is shown.

The daily shutdowns of electricity and water, supply problems and the dis-
organization of the schools contribute to the creation of a climate of
pessimism against which those who refused to be evacuated to Librevilte
and Douala last year by the airlift organized by the French army are
fighting more or less successfully.

Many civilians ace making common cause and attempting to lift faltering morale.
Communications with France are uncertain. The earth station installed near
Radio-Chad only functioned a few hours. Its installation cost 750 million CFA
(African Financial Community] francs (1 CFA franc = 0.02 French francs); and,
on the very day the installations were completed, they were ravaged during

the fighting in February 1979.

Closed since that time, the university reopened its doors on 15 January.
Since many advisers refused to return to Ndjamena or had not yet succeeded
in regularizing their administrative situation, it is often educated persons
from the private sector who, for the time being, are kind enough to give
some of the courses. In particular, this is the case with a local repre-
sentative of an airline company and the wife of the only press correspondent
installed in a permanent way in the capital.

Most Chadians from the southern part of the country have left Ndjamena to
return to their villages. Some of them are living in Europe or in neighbor-
ing African states, particularly in Cameroon and the Central African Empire.
Those who have remained feel that their safety is threatened by the pre-
dominant presence in the city of Northern Armed Forces (FAN), whose chief is
the former prime minister, Hissene Habre.

A Spectacle of Desolation

Districts in the central-eastern part of Ndjamena, formerly inhabited by
Saras, have been totally abandoned and all the concessions looted. The
insides of houses are “cleaned out" just like the carcasses of animals
which have been picked at by birds of prey. Roof slates, door frames and
windows have been carried off. Weeds are growing in the yards of which
stray dogs and cats have taken possession. A profound silence reigns after
nightfall, except in certain sectors where people from the north have begun
to move in, as well as combatants in search of bivouacs.

el

Some of the "southerners" have chosen to install themselves on the other
side of the Chari, on the Cameroonian bank, in the small town of Kousseri,
and cross the river twice a day. For this segment of the population, as
for the expatriates themselves, their presence in Ndjamena is linked
directly with the remaining French troops. Many of the "northerners" are
also in favor of their remaining, as is explained to us by a young Chadian
journalist, who is quite representative of the new generation: "The
feeling of hostility which prevailed as recently as 18 months ago with
regard to the French soldiers has disappeared. They have, in fact, caused
the loca] situation to be less unstable. Even the leaders of the 11
factions” represented in the Transitional National Union Government (GUNT)
accept their remaining on site, when they speak about this in private.
However, since they signed the Lagos agreements, under the dual pressure
of Nigeria and Ligya, and since these agreements provide for evacuation,
they do not wish to second-guess themselves publicly..."

Installed on the Ndjamena air base, the "French troops in Chad" now barely
total 1,200 men. Relieved every 4 months, we are told by the general of
Tonquedec, commander of the FFT [French Forces in Chad] and responsible for
“operation Tacaud," "a triple mission of civilian aid, psychological and
moral protection and deterrence." The French troops, who have four Jaguars
which are parked here permanently, one Breguet-Atlantic, 10 Puma helicopters
and three Transalls, and whose last military mission goes back to

December 1978 in Abeche, provide many services. They supply Chad with
kerosene, including kerosene for aircraft of the Air Afrique Company--and
Libyan airplanes on stopover--transport pilgrims to Mecca and give medical
treatment to wounded Chadian civilians and military personnel.

At present, troops of the 17th Engineers Parachute Regiment (RGP) are re-
pairing some of the major roads of Ndjamena. On former Georges-Pompidou
Avenue, which has been renamed Avenue of the Grand Army because the Northern
Armed Forces met their adversaries there with mortar and recoilless cannon
fire which caused considerable damage, two Caterpillar tractors driven by
engineer soldiers move about to the amusement of the children of the district.
At the ferry, which was restored to operating condition by the French army,
other soldiers from the 17th RGP have just transported a 65-ton generator
recently arrived from Douala and destined for the capital's electric power
plant.

In the event of resumption of fighting between the armed factions, which are
disputing control over the capital and thus wish to seize power, the French
army would attempt to separate the belligerents. However, for now, small
clashes continue to take place here and there. There is fighting; and on
occasion there is killing over a sack of millet, a woman or a moped. At
dusk the capital assumes the pace of a dead city. The only things breaking
the silence of the night are the barking of dogs and bursts of automatic
weapon fire. When the latter tend to be repeated at a rate considered
dangerous, many Africans use dugout canoes and cross the Chari River to
seek refuge in Cameroon, while some expatriates gather in Farcha, in the
immediate area of the air base.

Ndjamena's general appearance is that of a gigantic public dump, since trash
removal services no longer are operating. Looted villas and public buildings
ripped open by cannon and machine gun fire bear witness to the violence of
the fighting. The Kadhdhafi clinic, a gift from Libya, was riddled by

shall fire and made inoperative even before it was opened. The doors of

the prison are wide open; one is able to freely enter rooms which are empty
of prisoners and guards. In the absence of any other large, modern building
still intact, the Council of Ministers holds its meetings in the Chamber of
Agriculture, while, curiously, work is being done to expand the National
Museum,

Without financial means and lacking medicines, the Central Hospital is a
veritable old people's home which offers a spectacle of desolation. The
sick who were unable to arrange a transfer to the military base hospital
seem to be waiting for the end there with resignation.

No one believes any longer in the demilitarization which was to have been
completed "at noon on 5 February.” Three other similar projects in March,
June and November had also come to a sudden end. At the approach of the
anniversary of a tragic event or simply at each return of the full moon,
which is favorable for night confrontations, the battle psychosis takes

hold of the minds of men.

"More than ever, power is in the hands of the Kalashnikovs," we are told with
bitterness by Dr Abba Siddick, one of the “founding fathers" of the Chadian
National Liberation Front (FROLINAT). Minister of higher education and

a representative within the Transitional National Union Govermment of the
original FROLINAT, this brilliant surgeon who was trained in Fronce, by the
force of his personality, professional competence and his qualities of
tribute and diplomat, dominates his colleagues within the cabinet who repre-
sent the country's 10 other political factions. He was removed from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs when the government was set up in November 1979
in favor of his rival, Acyl Ahmat, head of the first Democratic Revolutionary
Army-Council; however, he did perform worthily in this position.

For Dr Siddick, "Neither the departure of the French troops nor the recovery
of the southern part of Chad which was annexed by Libya are at present
absolute priorities.... What is urgent is the restoration of the state's
authority..." He notes, "Everyone is in agreement on the demilitarization
of Ndjamena; however, the city is still filled with undisciplined combatants,
while the National Chadian Army does not exist. There is a general lack of
money. The ministers, like most of the government officials, have not been
paid for many long months.... The people have lost the habit of work. The
administration is now operating only partially. Although they are aware of
their inability to impose a military solution, the leaders of the 11 GUNT
factions have not given up confronting one another with weapons in hand..."

As a matter of fact, there is no longer a Chadian state. Like feudal barons
carving out fiefs without a worry about having the churls massacred by their
armed men, the "combatants," each for himself, are trying to win out over
their rivals. In parallel with the GUNT, within which the 11 factions are
officially represented, there are in fact two veritable "phantom cabinets"

e3

installed, one in Ndjamena around Hissene Habre and the other in the south
in Moundou around Colonel Kamougue. Territorial unity was shredded when in
the south, which is practically inaccessible to foreign travelers who do
not have several weeks at their disposal, "committees" were set up which
took control of the region. Only the Transalls of “operation Tacaud" are
preventing total Balkanization.

Even in Ndjamena, at least five distinct "armies" send out patrols into the
streets of a city which theoretically should be demilitarized: the
combatants of the Northern Armed Forces (FAN) of Hisse Habre; those of the
First People's Army of the FROLINAT of Mahamat Abba Seid, minister of state
responsible for the interior, considered one of the most solid supports of
Libyan policy and the People's Armed Forces (FAP) of Goukouni Oueddei,
president of the GUNT and chief of state, these two groups having merged
recently; combatants of the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT), under the orders

of Colonel Kamougue, vice president of the GUNT and principal “southern"
leader; the French troops in Chad of “operation Tacaud"; the Congolese
military forces, the first units of the 3,000-man neutral African force
which is to be installed under the aegis of the Organization of African
Unity. These "armies" do not include the men of the "military police,"

a common force recently set up, or the “irregulars" operating on their own.

Mme Claustre's Ransom

Although the "neutral force” theoretically has the mission of replacing all
the "combatants" present in Ndjamena and the French troops, nothing seems
to indicate that this objective can be attained in the near future. Almost
everywhere in the city, every side is reinforcing its positions. Every
crossroads, every strategic point is occupied. On the boulevard which
encircles the capital, individual riflemen are posted in every shaded spot.
Abundant and often very modern materiel--grenade launchers, bazookas,
mortars, heavy machine guns, coilless cannons, rocket launchers of Soviet,
Libyan or French origin--has made the city a veritable arsenal. Without
being openly hostile to demilitarization, none of the leaders we met is
really in favor of it. Not Colonel Kamougue who, receiving us in the
entrenched camp which is his Villa Mobutu residence, emphasized that his
presence in the GUNT, "Bears witness to a permanent desire for dialog
between the south and the north." Not President Goukouni Oueddei, a
traditional leader more than a statesman in the modern sense of the term,

a personage of equivocation and chicanery. Not Hissene Habre, who has the
largest and most disciplined armed forces whose popularity is at the
highest level perhaps because he refused to use Mme Claustre's 1]1-billion
centime ransom for his own benefit, using it instead to pay his troops.

These men have at least two points in common: a certain amount of bitterness
with regard to France and an unshakeable desire to seize power exclusively

on behalf of their supporters. All three cannot find words harsh enough

for the French Government. Each accuses it of favoring his rivals instead

of maintaining an attitude of strict neutrality. What is more, each of them —

24

is ¢t
mark
of a
fina

rying to neutralize his rivals, while continuing an interminable dialog
ed by reconciliations and ephemeral alliances and punctuated by threats
rmed attacks. In the meantime, Chad is experiencing economic and

ncial disorder without precedent in the brief history of its two decades

of independence.

Next

8143
CSO:

article: Economic Chaos
FOOTNOTES

He is the fourth Jesuit in the last several years to be attached under
similar circumstances, one of whom died as the result of his wounds.

The 11 factions represented in the GUNT are the FROLINAT-First Volcan
Army, whose chief is Abdoulaye Adam Dana; the National Democratic

Union of Dr Fatcho Balam; the FROLINAT-First People's Army of Mahamat
Abba Seid; the First Democratic Revolutionary Army-Council of Acyl Ahmat;
the original FROLINAT of Dr Abba Siddick; the FROLINAT-Western Armed
Forces (FAO) of Moussa Medela; the basic FROLINAT of Hadjaro Senoussi;
the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad (MPLT) of Aboubakar

Abdel Rahmane, and, in particular, the People's Armed Forces (FAP) of
Goukouni Oueddei, the Northern Armed Forces (FAN) of Hissene Habre and
the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) of Colonel Kamougue.

4400

25

CONGO

RESULTS OF FRENCH-CONGOLESE JOINT COMMISSION SESSION
Brazzaville ETUMBA in French 23 Feb 80 pp 3, 7

[21 February press conference of Pierre Nze, member of the Political Bureau
of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party (PCT), in charge of
foreign relations, and minister of foreign affairs and cooperation; place
not given]

[Excerpt] Results of the French-Congolese joint commission; 34th
session of the Foreign Affairs Cabinet in Addis Ababa;
the Congo's evaluation of the situation in Afghanistan:
These are events concerning which a great deal of ink
has been expended and about which national opinion needs
to be correctly informed. The press conference held on
Thursday, 21 February 1980, by Comrade Pierre Nze, mem-
ber of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of
the PCT in charge of foreign relations and minister of
foreign affairs and cooperation, is rich in information,
information that will undoubtedly put an end to the most
diverse rumors that have circulated among the public.

The following is the substance of that press conference.
French-Congolese Joint Commission

In the interviews which they have granted to French newsmen, the French min-
ister of cooperation and the Congolese minister of foreign affairs and
cooperation drew the main conclusions. We would state frankly that the
meetings of the joint commission proceeded smoothly. Consequently, results
have been very good compared with previous years.

In fact, we have noted that France is increasingly willing to cooperate in
many areas with the Congo, while respecting the Congo's political options.

Insofar as our political options are respected, insofar as our desire for
cooperation also means respect for the Congo's interest and insofar as
there is willingness to cooperate on an equal footing: This is entirely

26

in keeping with the party's political line adopted at the Third Special
Congress,

lf our options are respected, it is totally normaly for us to establish
cordial relations with a country that cooperates with us in the climate
we want,

As for the concrete results of the French-Congolese joint commission and
the spirit that prevailed (respecting the Congo and understanding that the
latter has interests to safeguard), they were in complete accordance with
the guidelines of our party and the resolutions set forth by our Third
Special Congress.

it is for these reasons that we believe that our cooperation with France,
which itself wishes to establish the same type of relations with the Congo,
can be warm and free of suspicion.

However, we cannot be specific about the Congo's debt. We shall simply
state that not long ago, President Sassou-Nguesso went to France on a work-
ing visit, a visit that was semi-official and in the course of which he
was received with all the honors due to his rank and with the greatest
respect for our country. On that occasion, high-level talks were held
between the presidents of France and the Congo.

We were successful in making France understand the financial and economic
situation of the Congo and in gaining France's acceptance of the main
guidelines that will govern cooperation with that country.

Naturally, it was never a question of gifts being made to the Congo, nor
was there any question of the sollicitation of gifts by the Congo. It was
a matter of cooperating on an equal footing. Nothing was therefore offered
to the Congo.

Nevertheless, we did ask for new terms of cooperation between our two
countries and we believe that in general, our high officials (the Congolese
and French presidents) came to an agreement on that orientation, one that
‘onsists of asking France to make its technical and financial capabilities
available to the Congo so that the latter may achieve development, by
relying on its own resources.

while a certain number of promises were made during the trip, we must admit
that most of them were kept, particularly in the area of new loans for the
purpose of enabling the Congo to invest in other fields. We believe that
France took that view. The loans are not gifts, but rather, must be paid
back. However, they may perhaps be spread out in time or even postponed
for some time, which will enable the Congo to get on its feet economically
before facing repayment of the debt.

27

In this connection, negotiations were conducted within an entirely friendly
atmosphere, In this phase of negotiations that are well underway, we cannot
speak of any failure.

We have already had such negotiations with many other countries, including
Switzerland, the Soviet Union, and so on. In the case of friendly countries,
we may go so far as to ask that they forget our debt. Naturally, these
countries may yield on certain poiats, just as they may refuse in the case

of others.

Finally, when the negotiations are completed, a document wili be signed
by the Congo and France.

11,464
CSO: 4400

DJIBOUTI

MINISTER DISCUSSES GULF COUNTRIES, TOUR, ISLAMIC MEETING
Djibouti LE REVEIL DE DJIBOUTI in French 7 Feb 80 p 3

{Interview with Moumin Bahdon Farah, minister of foreign affairs and coopera-
tion: "Djibouti's Position Is Similar to That of the Majority of the
Countries Participating in the Islamic Conference"--date and place not given]

[Text] At the end of the trip which took him to various Gulf countries ana
following his participation in the Islamic Conference which was held in
Islamabad, the minister of foreign affairs and cooperation, Moumin Bahdon
Farah, held a press conference Sunday morning attended by the RTD [Radio-
Television Djibouti] and LE REVEIL.

Here are the minister's answers to the questions asked by our newspaper:

/Question/ What was the purpose of this trip, and what lessons may be
drawn from it?

/Answer/ This trip to the sister countries of the Gulf region falls
within the framework of the policy of strengthening bilateral relations
with these countries, particularly in the economic and political sectors.

[Question] What were the principal topics you discussed during this trip
with those you visited?

[Answer] Our discussions with high officials of these countries dealt with
important questions of the day, such as the dangerous situation in the Horn
of Africa and the Red Sea. We were in agreement on all these points.

[Question] You also participated in the Islamic Conference in Islamabad:
what was its purpose; and what, in your opinion, was its principal result?

[Answer] As you know, an extraordinary conference of Islamic countries
has just been held in Islamabad to examine the dangerous situation created
in Afghanistan by Soviet armed intervention. The conference vigorously
condemned this Soviet military aggression against the Moslem Afghan people
and demanded the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Soviet troops
from Afghanistan. The conference called this Soviet military aggression

a flagrant violation of the principles of independence and national]
sovereignty.

29

[Question] Can you review for us the main pointe of the resolutions adopted
by the conference and the position of Djibouti on these various resolutions?

|Anawer) The conference decided to suspend Afghanistan's participation in
the Islamic Conference Organization, and invited the member states to abstain
from recognizi:g the illegal Afghanistan regime,

The conference also invited member states not to participate in the Moscow
Olympic Games in July 1980,

The position of the Republic of Djibouti with respect to the problems brought
up is similar to that of the overwhelming majority of the countries partici-
pating in the conference.

As regards Iran, the conference voiced its vital interest in the sovereignty,
territorial integrity and independence of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It
expressed its sincere wish to see the Islamic Republic of Iran and the

Unite’ States of America resolve the problems still existing between them

by peaceful means, and in the meantime stated its firm opposition to any
threat or resort to force.

With respect to the Middle East, the conference issued an appeal to all
Islamic states to reaffirm their solidarity with the PLO, the sole legitimate
representative of the Palestinian people, in their fight against the Zionist
organization.

the conference also condemned normalization of relations between Egypt and
the Zionist state and asked the Islamic countries to consider boycotting the
Egyptian regime, politically, economically and culturally.

As for the Horn of Africa region and the Red Sea, the conference denounced
the presence of foreign forces. The conference also expressed its firm
opposition to any foreign force's exploiting the situation created in
Afghanistan, in any form whatever, to install military bases in this region.

(Question) The conference, in fact, condemned the foreign presence in the
region of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea: what is Djibouti's position
on this point?

[Answer] The Islamic Conference reiterated its opposition to the foreign
presence in the region of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. As for
Djibouti, it also expressed its opposition to foreign influences in the
region and called upon the countries of the region to jointly cooperate to
protect the region from the dangers of the covetousness of the great powers.

The Red Sea, this international waterway, must be a region of peace in the
serv -e of mankind and international peace.

[Question] Finally, since this region is one of international tense ons at
oresent, is the situation of our country of such nature as to perm.t it
in the future to play some role in the search for peace?

30

[Anewer] The Republic of Djibouti already represents a land of meetings
and interchanges, and hopes to become a land of prosperity in this region,
thanks to the role conferred upon it by ite strategic position.

In this context, the Republic of Djibouti, in consideration of its regional
importance, can work to bring about the requisite rapprochement between
the countries of the region so that peace will be reestablished.

ETHIOPIA

GAINS SINCE RURAL LAND NATLONALIZATION, AEPA CITED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Mar 80 p 2
[Editorial: "“Momentous Gaines for Rural Masses")

[Text}) Today marks the fifth anniversary of the enactment of the proclama-
tion providing for the nationalization of all rural lands in Ethiopia-~«
radical measure that ended once and for all the centuries-old lLandlord-
tenant relationship.

Prior to the promulgation of this historic legislation, most of the land
in the country was owned by a handful of feudal lords and their families
who mercilessly sucked the blood of the peasant masses making up the bulk
of the Ethiopian population. The proclamation automatically brought an
end to old practices of oppression and exploitation and placed the land in
the hands of its rightful owner--the peasantry. The proclamation was of
great significance, not only because it has liberated the peasant masses
from a life of misery and servitude but also because it has opened the way
for a happy life based on equality, freedom and fraternity.

The proclamation has set the basis on which peasants across the country can
work closely together by organizing themselves into peasants' associations,
that are now effectively functioning from the district to the regional
level throughout the country. At the same time the proclamation has laid
down favourable conditions for raising farm output and released the produc-
tive forces of the rural economy through the complete eradication of the
feudal system.

The historic proclamation lays the groundwork for the expansion of indus-
try and the growth of the economy by encouraging the active participation
of the peasantry in the national market. The abolishing of the feudal sys-
tem has set free the human labor idly confined within it. All this plays
a vital role in transforming Ethiopia's rural economy.

As ninety percent of the Ethiopian population earns its livelihood from
agriculture which forms the backbone of the nation's economy it is not

32

difficult to imagine the positive contributions accruing from thie his-
toric legislation. The concentration of large portions of rural lands in
the hands of a few privileged landlords and their class collaborators had
been the reason for the life of abject poverty and humility led by the
groad peasant masses.

Ethiopian peasants have organized themselves into peasants’ associations

on @ nation-wide scale which process has liberated the peasantry socially,
economically and politically. The establishment of the All-Ethiopia
Peasants’ Association (AEPA) is a positive outcome of this same process.
The creation of AEPA has effectively contributed towards intensifying

the on-going popular revolution by bringing together the gigantic potential
of the peasant masses. Through proper politicization, organization and
arming, it has been possible to convert the peasant masses into a mighty
force ably defending the unity and territorial sovereignty and integrity

of the Motherland and the precious gains of the revolution.

Today there are more than 7.5 million active members registered with
peasants’ associations operating throughout the country. At present
peasants’ associations in different parts of the country are consolidating
theic gains by organizing themselves into peasants' producers’ cooperatives.
The producers’ cooperatives which are of intermediate and advanced forms,
are now in the process of being set up in various parts of the country.
This is indeed another important milestone in the Ethiopian peasant move-
ment, Although it would take a long time, peasants’ associations in the
country should strive towards this goal to draw maximum benefit from their
labour for themselves as well as for the nation.

The production cadres sent out to different parts of the country are busy
acquainting peasants about it and it is hoped that the transition from

the simplest to the advanced form of cooperatives will help speed up the
nation's economic reconstruction.

CSO: 4420

33

ETHLOPIA

KENAF PLANTING TO BE ENCOURAGED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 9 Mar 80 p 5

[Text] The planting of the fibre-yielding plant known as “kenaf" is to be
undertaken on a normal scale by three state farms on the basis of a decision
adopted recently.

According to information released by the National Fibre Works Corporation
(NFWC), the decision to grow kenaf locally has been taken as genuine

steps to combat the acute shortage of fibre in the world market and the
ever-increasing prices. Three state farms located at Upper Awash, Middle
Awash and Arba Mintch, have been selected to cultivate jointly 600 hectares
of kenaf, each farm handling 200 hectares. The green light for the exten-
sive cultivation of kenaf in Ethiopia was given on the basis of the success-
ful results obtained from field experiments conducted since 1970 E.C.

The NFWC, which operates three factories, two at Akaki, nearby Addis Ababa
and the third at Asmara, annually uses 12,409 tons of raw materials, out of
which kenaf accounts for the lion's share. Some 11,045 tons or around 90
percent of the raw materials required by the factories are imported. The
imports will cost the nation between 9 to 10 million Birr annually. Sisal
and “enset" fibre that make up for 10 percent of the raw materials are
acquired locally. Besides Thailand, which is the main exporter, kenaf is
also imported from Bangladesh and India.

As pointed out by corporation sources, experimentation schemes for growing
kenaf had been carried out on a total of 96 hectares of land at Arba Mintch,
Abadir farm, Gewane, Melka Werer, Tendaho and several others. An evalua-
tion made of the various experiments last year had approved the results as
very “encouraging.” The average size of plots used for the experimentation
purposes were about 10 hectares. The kenaf got from the experimental plots
had been used as seeds and as materials in the factories.

The kenaf fibre to be got from the three farms by the end of the year will
be used by the factories thus setting the initial phase of production
using locally grown kenaf. A spokesman for the corporation feels that
this will open up the prospects for cultivating the plant on a large-
scale in future, thereby making the country self-sufficient in raw material
supply and save the valuable foreign currency spent on imports.

34

The spokesman admitted however, that it will take a long time before the
country could attain the stage of self-sufficiency in the area of kenaf
fibre. The three factories run by the corporation have a combined annual
output of about 14 to 15 million bags. The construction of a fourth plant

is under the planning stage. A total of 3,826 workers including adminis-
trative staff are now serving in the three factories.

CSO: 4420

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

CONTRABAND TEXTILES--Harar--Members of the Dergo Lubo peasants’ association
in Deder district Wobera province Hararghe region intercepted contraband
textiles worth 3,821 Birr and handed it over to the provincial office of
the Ministry of Finance, it was reported. The peasants were in their
regular patrol duty to track down possible contraband movement from the
Baroda to Saro-Watcha town. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD

in English 13 Mar 80 p 6]

CSO: 4420

GUINEA

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS SAID MAIN OBSTACLE TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Paris EUROPE OUTREMER in French No 596, Sep 79 p 26
[Article by Genevieve Sigisbert: "Financial Problems")

(Text! The major difficulty now faced by Guinean development is financial.
From 1976 to 1978 (provisional figures), public sector receipts were
probably 7.187 billion, 10.05 billion and 7.262 billion sylis. Total
expenditures were respectively 10.198 billion, 8.447 billion and 7.816
billion sylis, with successive balances of -3.011 billion, #+1.603 billion
and -554 million sylis. It should be noted, however, that 1977 could be
considered an exceptional year, owing to the fact that a special import
program made it possible to clear large surpluses on the marketing of
these commodities.

A large surplus of total receipts over current expenditures can be noted,
which was probably 42 percent in 1978. Im these receipts there can be

seen the major role of the state enterprises, which probably constituted

43 percent in 1978 (provisional figures); without these the current opera-
tional balance would show a deficit. Under the expenditure heading, while
current expenditures again increased moderately, in 1977 by scarcely 1
percent, in 1978 by 9 percent, investment expenditures decreased appreciably,
from 62 percent in 1976 to 54 percent in 1977 and to 46 percent in 1978,
this being due in part to the reduction in foreign financing.

The domestic financial situation improved from 1976 to 1978, thanks to the
growth in bauxite production, to a rigorous control of expenditures, to

a certain putting in order of the state companies and to a severe restric-
tion on credit.

But Guinea suffers from a continuing shortage of foreign currency, and the
balance of payments remains extremely critical. The growth in exports is
insufficient to compensate for the increase in the foreign debt service.
At the end of 1978, arrears were already estimated at 4 billion sylis for
a total indebtedness of 20.5 billion sylis. In the face of currency
collections which offer a certain stability, foreign currency expenditures
continue to grow. This situation is, on the one hand, linked to the world

37

economic crisis: Guinea's oil bill has grown so burdensome that it represents
$50 to $60 million per year, one-third of the foreign currency receipts;

this is evidently due to the rise in the price of crude, but also to the
recent growth in the number of automobiles on the road, for trade liberali-
zation has favored imports as a whole. The food shortage also makes necessary
the purchase of provisions which are paid for in cash. Lastly, the syli's
weak purchasing power promotes smuggling and worsens its exchange quotation.

This indebtedness is normal for a country with a very rich potential, but

is rather unfavorable in the general context of its current economy. Let
the development start off, as is visibly wished by Guinea, by means of such
large projects--bauxite, aluminum oxide, aluminum, iron, dams, a trans-Guinean
railway, a port, etc.--or as the financiers are more readily inclined to do,
let it begin with several smaller scale projects. Guinea needs foreign
financial cooperation, under "soft" conditions, and it must stabilize its
tinancial situation in order to secure these new loans. How? Failing the
attachment of the syli to a monetary zone, which does not appear politically
permissible, the only solution lies in debt renegotiation with the principal
partners. Guinea has already done this with the socialist countries, whose
basic concerns are moreover not of a financial nature. It now remains to be
done with the strong-currency Western countries.

After duly improving its ideological image, if Guinea puts its finances in
order, it should find the joint capital which is indispensable for its
economic development.

FOREIGN TRADE 1976-1978

Guinea's principal partners
(in percentages)

Exports: 1976 1977 1978
Germany, Federal Republic of 10.5 7.2 5.7
Canada 12.1 12.7 8.0
Spain 4.4 5.0 6.2
United States 25.6 19.9 25.1
France 21.0 17.0 16.5
USSR 8.5 11.0 17.1
Imports:

Se lgium 2.5 3.9 5.3
China 4.9 8.7 7.7
United States 15.5 8.8 13.5
France 23.3 31.0 40.0
Netherlands 0.7 2.0 5.3
United Kingdom 5.3 5.3 5.3
USSR 6.3 11.2 9.6

Source: Guinea

9434
cso: 4400

GUINEA

PROBLEMS AFFECTING FRUIT PRODUCTION DETAILED
Dakar AFRICA in French Feb 80 p 26

[Article by Ray Autra: "Guinean Bananas and Pineapples Will Not Be in
Dakar Tomorrow")

[Text] In our issue No 108 of February 1979, it was written, "We will soon
eat Guinean bananas and pineapples in Dakar."

That is not so. It will not be tomorrow.

Because banana production, which had reached the record figure of 100,000 tons
in 1956, is scarcely 5,000 tons at present, and a banana costs 50 CFA francs
in Guinea as against 25 CFA francs in Senegal...

Is it not rather the opposite that is likely to happen, that is, the impor-
tation by Sekou Toure's country of Senegalese bananas, since for that matter,
the Casamance region production--nearly 10,000 tons-- in full expansion will
henceforth double that of Guinea.

And Guinea is far from getting on its feet again.
An Industrial Crop

We must not forget that bananas are an industrial crop which calls for much
attention and has many cequirements.

Under the colonial regime, as it happened, there was at Kindia (in Guinea)
a body, the Institute of Colonial Fruits and Citruses (IFAC), specializing
for the whole of the French overseas territories in research on bananas and
citrus fruits (pineapple, grapefruit, shaddocks, mandarins, sour limes,
etc.).

And when a planter wanted to set up a plantation, the IFAC took soil samples
and made analyses so as to recommend the chemical fertilizers that were
lacking. The plantations were then watched over, and the institute had
developed the insecticides and fungicides that protected the banana trees

39

against parasites and disease, or brought the disease under control. A
team of high-level acitentific and technical researchers worked there:
agricultural engineers, pedologists, entomologists, chemists, the institute
having laboratories and a library rich in scientific works.

Now with the scientistse--French--having departed, there is nothing left of
the laboratories and the library, while the institute is directed by an
agricultural instructor at the Primary and Elementary Studies Certificate
level.

Bananas - Not for Another 10 Years

We understand, consequently, the reasons for the slump in banana and citrus
fruit production, knowing that in the absence of qualified technical and
scientific staff, a shortage of fertilizer, insecticide and fungicide has
furthermore been noted.

To stimulate production, we must therefore begin by reconstructing the

library and the scientific laboratory equipment, find specialized staff and
resume the soil and environmental studies, because in the meantime, the

soil has become damaged through ill-considered tree-cuttings and brush fires.
Lastly, we must provide for a smooth replenishment of fertilizer, insecti-
cides and fungicides. To implement this would require at least 6 years,

and perhaps after 10 years of desperately hard, continuous work, we will

be able to hope for increased production. Let us point out in passing that
while Guinea was producing 100,000 tons of bananas, the Ivory Coast was

just reaching half of that, and that today, Ivorian production is 300,000 tons.

The Country of Fruits...on Stamps

As to pineapples, their production is entrusted to a Libyan company
SAGUILDIA [expansion unknown] which turns into juice and slices, for export
purposes, all the fruit harvested, so much so that fruit, juice and slices
are exceedingly rare commodities in Guinea, the indigenous producers
encountering the same difficulties as for bananas, and having practically
abandoned this crop.

Thus, the appearance on the Senegalese market of Guinean bananas and pine-
apples will not take place tomorrow.

Sometimes dealers offer bananas, pineapples, mangoes and other fruits, saying
that they come from Guinea. But do not trust this false advertising, which
only aims to attract that clientele which still naively believes that Guinea
is the country of delicious fruits...As we saw on the stamps.

9434
cso: 4400

LO

MALAWI

PREMIER SUN, BANDA HOLD TALKS IN BLANTYRE
OW181501 Taipei CNA in English 1330 GMT 18 Mar 80 OW

[Excerpts] Blantyre, 18 Mar (CNA)--The Republic of China and Malawi will
further expand their economic and technical cooperation to strengthen
the relations between the two countries.

With the signing of the extension of a Sino-Malawian agreement of tech-
nical cooperation Wednesday, the Republic of China may send more economic
and agricultural experts to this country to help resolve its economic
problems resulting from increasing oil price and transportation diffi-
culties.

It is learned that the Republic of China had already given Malawi a
credit of $5 million to purchase fertilizer from Taiwan. This credit
may be increased and also diversified for Malawi to make better us* of
the loan to meet its economic development needs.

A Chinese agricultural team in Malawi is already one of the biggest
among those stationed in Africa. It is assisting Malawi in producing
rice, vegetables, and in constructing irrigation schemes.

As a result of this agricultural and technical service, Malawi has become
(?self-sufficient) in food production, and it can even export rice to
neighboring countries such as Tanzania and Zambia. In the economic and
trade fields, the Republic of China may also increase its purchase of
tobacco, cotton and other agricultural raw materials from Malawi.

Diplomatic observers here said that President Banda is appreciative of

Premier Sun's visit and also the economic and technical cooperation
extended by the Republic of China to Malawi.

CSO: 4420

ui

MOZAMB LQUE

RHODESIAN ATTACKS SECONDED BY DOMESTIC SABOTEURS
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese No 486, 3 Feb 80 pp 16-17
[Editorial by A.M.: "The Merchants of War"]

[Text] I traveled around the entire country with eyes glued on Zimbabwe,
thinking of Smith's irresponsibility, the maneuvers of a cabal of Zimbabwean
nationalist leaders, the compromises these leaders made, the guerrilla war
of the people's forces, the attacks of the Rhodesian troops and mercenaries,
the deaths of defenseless peoples and the sacrifices that the wary in Zim-
babwe imposes on our people who work tirelessly to strengthen our defensive
capability.

At the borders, our soldiers lived in a state of permanent vigilance. In
the city, the nervousness, the so-called stress, grew.

At the same time, all kinds of incompetent individuals in all sectors
calmly generated its incompetence. They zealously fulfilled their sched-
ules whose coordinates are the two daily arrivals and departures from the
division, being very punctual about the departures.

Indeed, I traveled around the country to meditate on that unjust, colonial-
ist, imperialist war.

At the same time, all kinds of bureaucrats in all sectors took sensual plea-
sure in tons of paper delaying the dispatch while goods spoiled on the docks
and in the warehouses.

When a new structure was created to servethe people's power, this new struc-
ture was corrupted by the well-kept memories of the colonial bureaucracy
which had good servants in many old-guard officials surprised by something
called revolution which demanded an end to bureaucracy.

When the Rhodesian troops bombed, massacred, stole, destroyed our economy,
our roads, our farms, our stores, our schools, our medical stations, all

he

kinds of saboteurs in all sectors delighted in completing this destruct!
undermining from within the structures of the state apparatus, while smiling
ever more broadly as the lines grew longer, as the people murmured.

I visited the party and the state concerned with fighting the difficulties,
taking this or that measure to engage in and win all the battles occurring at
that historic moment. Careless of all order in all sectors, they took de-
light in thwarting the decisions made, dedicating themselves religiously to
complicating the simple and making the clearest directive mysterious.

We can call this caste the merchants of war. There is a group in every war
which utilizes it to grow rich. In every war, there are shortages of goods.
Thus, smuggling begins and schemers emerge. All wars mobilize a great human
and material effort, diverting attention from the vital, priority sectors.
The opportunist, the calculating individual emerges. Using this situation
as a cover, he grows rich, smiles and rubs his hands. War is a business for
him.

All wars require outpostswithin hostile territory. They must have a recon-
naissance front, a front for sabotage and diversion. All kinds of agents,
the conscious and the oblivious, happily served the Rhodesian enemy who at-
tacked us. They committed acts of sabotage, schemed, were negligent and set
themselves up in towers of incompetence.

However, the Rhodesian aggression, at least military aggression, has ended.
They already had weapons, at the same time, they were alerted about any
external situation by obtaining internal enemies. It could almost be said
that it was only hard to know where to begin.

the president of FRELIMO took the initiative and visited various key sectors.
Here, then, the cat showed its tail. The people were jubilant. What hap-
pened? At the least, let us say that it was proved that negligence and in-
competence were two words which not only rhyme, but are similar in substance
and in the consequences. It was seen how economic ruin occurs in many coun-
tries of the world.

[tc is the sum of small and large incompetence, small and large negligence,
small and large bureaucracies, small and large irresponsibility. The result
is a great sabotage which can even endanger the people's conquests. In the
midst of so many things, it becomes difficult to know what is only a speck
and what is a flaw. It is natural to wonder what is the result of the
transformation of the structures and what is the result of deliberate
sabotage.

When we begin a battle," said President Samora Machel to the Beira meeting,
"we look to certain victory."

At this moment, this makes the internal enemy tremble. Naturally, new
atrategies are being drawn up, explanations and apologies, even the tradi-
tional “mea culpas," are being prepared. In any event, no one in Mozam-
bique knowe better how to say: Long live the victory of the people of
Zimbabwe.

Finally, we can actually see one of the most serious problems threatening
each and every revolution: the assault on its structures by those who,
using the cloak of the revolution, wish purely and simply, to substitute the
Old, deposed oligarchies. The internal enemy infiltrates himself and, from
within, attempts to undermine the structures, hinder the machinery of power
and provoke the people's dissatisfaction. Understanding the ultimate ob-
jec ives of this maneuver does not require much political perceptivity. The
people's power is to be corroded, torpedoed.

What did the people say on seeing the exhibit of products displayed at the
fair-exhibit in Maputo: "Who is responsible"?

9479
CSO: 4401

Ku

MOZAMBIQUE

KORANIC RETALIATION LAW JUDGED TOO SEVERE

Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese No 486, 3 Feb 80 p 58

[Letter to Editor: "Thieves, Those Undesirables"]

[Text] I request that my letter be published in the periodical TEMPO.

I am going to examine a problem affecting the entire country. It is the
problem of thieves. Everyone knows that there are many thieves in the cities
and small towns. Our party and government have not yet discovered an ef-
fective way to deter the malignant, very undesirable action of thieves. To
speak of thieves is to speak of criminals and barbarians.

A specific example: in Mueda (Cabo Delgado) there was a robbery in day-
light which shocked local authorities. Two thieves pretending to be provin-
cial officials opened the post office safe in the presence of that organi-
zation's officials, and stole more than 1 million contos.

Now we see how many individuals have been harmed by these thieves.

l could cite many other cases, in addition to this one. No one in the
whole country can re-educate these undesirables.

I suggest that instead of sending all professional criminals to jail, they
be taken to a hospital where one of their lower limbs would be amputated,
and two crutches would be provided.

This is the only way to reform a thief. Thus, all the thieves who incurred
these sanctions would become a good Mozambique citizens.

Inacio Jamul Passari
Cabo Delgado
Mocimboa da Praia

Editor's note: The biblical and Koranic law of “an eye for an eye, a tooth
for a tooth" is not applied inthe People's Republic of Mozambique. This
law, also called the law of retaliation, is extremely primitive in terms of
applying justice.

A society which would act in this way (and they exist today) becomes, in our
eyes, more criminal than the criminal. Thieves are not born thieves or be-
come that way through illness. A thief, like all other types of marginal
individuals, is the product of society and we inherited him from the colonial
society. Re-education, applied by the party and the state, has proved to be
the most effective, humane way. However, it seems that this reader with
sadistic tendencies has not noticed these measures.

9479
CSO: 4401

46

MOZAMBIQUE

PEOPLE'S STORES REPORTEDLY CLOSED TO MILITARY
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese No 486,3 Feb 80 p 60
[Letter to Editor]

[Text] On 20 December 1979, I went to the people's store located in the Zona
Verde near Sonefe. This store sold oil, potatoes, flour and fish. I went
in and asked the lady at the counter how many kilos of potatoes could be
purchased; she told me 2 kilograms and 1 liter of oil, but that soldiers
could not make purchases. I asked why. The lady told me, "Speak with that
man in charge." I went to him and told him I wanted 2 kilograms of potatoes
and 1 liter of oil. The reply was the following: "The management of the
people's stores directed that no soldier could buy the following products:
oil, sugar, flour, potatoes, soap, toilet soap and onions because they have
military canteens." I asked about the order or law which regulated this,
and he told me that it had not yet been published but that it had been dis-
cussed at a meeting with the management. “If the comrade wished, he could
contact the management."

{ told him he was negligent. The management of the people's stores would
not publish such a thing, because we only have a military canteen, our num-
bers are great and we lack other things. The man in charge said,"Send a
requisition to the management of the people's stores, requisitioning what
you need at your canteen.”

My perception of all this comes from this official's remarks. When he meets
with the employees of that store, he confuses what the management said.

What is a people's store? Whom does it serve? Is a soldier not one of the
people? Let us suppose I lived far from a military canteen. Must I go
hungry because I am not allowed to buy at a people's store?

| urge the management to make the head of the people's store of the Zona
Verde understand and make it very clear to him about this matter.

Paulo Chatokota, FPLM [Popular Front for the Liberation of Mozambique]
soldier, Maputo

9479

cso: 4401 47

NAMIBIA

SWAPO DELEGATE TO WPC SAYS PRISONERS ARE TORTURED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 5 Mar 80 p 6

[Excerpts] The Human Rights Commission of the World Peace Council yester-
day morning heard heart-rending testimony of physical and mental torture in
Namibia from Comrade Nghidimondjila Shoombe of the South West Africa People's
Organization (SWAPO).

The SWAPO representative, Comrade Nghidimondjila Shoombe, revealed that the
racist South African authorities are turning Namibia into a vast military
training centre and concentration camp as well. He said 60 thousand
hectares of Namibian territory embracing nine giant farms will soon be
turned into one of the largest military training centres on the African
continent, quite clearly indicating that the Pretoria regime is determined
to consolidate its hold on Namibia in flagrant violation of UN resolutions
to the contrary.

Comrade Shoombe related the harrowing experiences of a SWAPO colleague who
underwent blood—curdling torture and humiliation while serving in the pri-
son dungeons of the authorities in Namibia. The victim, a 29 year old
militant who was arrested during a police swoop of his locality in May
1979, was viciously kicked, beaten and subjected to electric shocks and
forced to undergo numerous forms of psychological torture in an unsuccess-
ful attempt to have him reveal the identity and whereabouts of SWAPO
activists and sympathisers in the vicinity.

At one point, Comrade Shoombe said, the victim was blindfolded, tied around
the chest with two ropes and dumped into a trench. The racist police

doing the interrogation fired pistol shots in the vicinity and later
produced two bullet-riddled corpses and warned him: “You will end up the
same way unless you comply." The next day the Namibian patriot was taken
to another torture chamber where the brutal police pushed a broom up his
rectum. He bled through the mouth, nose as well as the rectum and was
denied food and water for five consecutive days and continuously subjected
to other forms of torture and degradation before he made his final escape.

48

The SWAPO representative appealed to the Commission, the WPC and the inter-
national community, especially the progressive world, for financial aid

for dependent families of those who are still in prison in Namibia or

South Africa. He also appealed to international lawyers to visit some of

the prisons and concentration camps in Namibia and see how people are being
treated there. He also appealed to the Commission to expose the atro-
cities of the South African regime against political prisoners and detainees,
who, he demanded should be accorded the status of prisoners of war in con-
formity with the Geneva Convention.

Comrade Shoombe assured Commission members nonetheless that "death or life,
Namibians are determined to free their country."

CSO: 4420

49

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

TERRORISTS MURDER OF OVAMBO--Windhoek: Terrorists murdered an Owambo
businessman and set his shop and car on fire on Friday, the Owambo
Government announced at Ondangwa, northern SWA. A spokesman said Mr

David Sheehama, a member of the Ombalantu Tribal Council was shot with

an AK~-47 automatic rifle before dawn. His wife and child were wounded.

Mrs Sheehama was being treated at the State Hospital at Oshakati. The
child's wounds were not serious. Security forces were following the tracks
of the terrorists, he added. Mr Sheehama's shop and car were set on fire
once before, last year.--SAPA. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER
in English 19 Mar 80 p 4]

SAPPERS KILLED--Pretoria: Defence Headquarters here yesterday confirmed
the death of three South African army engineers in an explosion on Friday
while they were trying to lift a SWAPO landmine in the SWA operational area.
The men who died were Sergeant Deon van der Vyver, 21, of Van Riebeeckstad,
near Welkom, Sapper Willem Johannes Prinsloo, 22, of Odendaalsrus and

Lance Corporal Anthonie Oberholzer, 22, of Port Alfred. The three men
will be buried with full military honours. Sergeant Van der Vyver was

to have become engaged to Miss Estelle Prinsloo of Welkom on his return from
border duty. He leaves his parents, Mr and Mrs J.H. van der Vyver, his
three siters, Hilda, 24, Jessie, 18 and Alta, 16, a half-brother and two
step-brothers. He will be buried from the NG church in Virginia on Thurs-
day. Sapper Prinsloo, a Welkom boilermaker, leaves his parents, Mr and

Mrs W. Prinsloo, his sister Hanlie, 20, and brothers Martiens, 16 and
Fransie, 12. He will be buried from the NG church in Odendaalsrus, but

no date has been set yet.--SAPA. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER
in English 12 Mar 80 p 1]

CIVILIANS DIE FROM LANDMINE--Eight Black civilians died instantly in Owambo
on Monday when the vehicle in which they were traveling detonated a land-
mine laid by SWAPO terrorists, an official of the Owambo Government said at
Oshakati. Two other passengers in the van were injured and were being
treated at the State Hospital at Oshakati, the spokesman said. The inci-
dent occurred at about 3.30 pm on Monday, 25 km north of Oshakati on the
ground road to Oshikango near the Angolan border. The victims were the
only passengers in the van, the spokesman said. There were no further
details.--SAPA [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English

12 Mar 80 p 1}

50

BUDGET FIGURES--The Department of Posts and Telecommunications is to in-
crease its capital expenditure by 19,3 percent to R355,/ m. Revenue is
expected to increase by 19,4 percent estimated to total R 1,09 b, R177 m
up on last year. No tariff increases were announced. [Text] [Windhoek
THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 19 Mar 80 p 3)

LUTHERANS AGAINST GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS--The number of missionaries serving
in the Evangelical Ovambokavango Lutheran Church in SWA has more than halved
from 112 ten years ago to 54 at present. In a Press release the executive
committee of ELOC protests against the restrictions imposed on the church
by the authorities. Recently two Finnish missionaries were told to leave
the country and towards the end of last year five were refused entry. The
authors of the document hit out at an alleged policy by the Government in
which the church's need for expatriate staff is hampered. The names of

the missionaries who were refused entry visas are Miss Seija Nurmiranta, a
newly appointed pharmacist, Miss Toini Juvonen, a returning nursing sister,
Miss Salme Manningen, a returning youth worker, and Rev and Mrs Tervonen,

a returning pastor. [David Pieters) [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVER-
TISER in English 19 Mar 80 p 4]

KHOMASDAL AUTONOMY SHELVED--A request for the installation of an independent
municipality of Khomasdal has been temporarily shelved by the Advisory Com-
mittee of the elected Colored Council of Khomasdal. The Council had directed
an appeal to this effect to the AG Dr Gerrit Viljoen. The decision to post-
pone the request was taken in the light of the envisaged new municipal legis-
lation for SWA. The decision to request the AG for an independent munici-
pality for Khomasdal was taken last year in November at the tenth session

of the Council. Subsequently, however, a Commission of Inquiry into a
future dispensation for local managements was appointed by the AG on Jan-
uary 23 this year. The Commission, under the Chairmanship of Mr A C

Arnold, Windhoek's Town Clerk, is at present considering various requests

to a effect. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 13 Mar
80 p 4

NIGER

PRESIDENT VISITS FUTURE INTENSIVE STOCK-RAISING SITE
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 1 Feb 80 p 4
{[Article: "A Fodder Farm in June in Tiaguirire"]

[Text] Yesterday morning President Seyni Kountche visited the hydro-
agricultural installation in Tiaguirire where fodder cultivation will
begin next June and which is destined to sustain the effort to initiate
intensive stock-raising in Niger.

This installation--the first of its kind in our country--covers an area

of 350 hectares, protected by a dam, of which 250 hectares of exploitable
land will be used for the cultivation of "bourgous," [translation unknown]
a very nourishing plant for animals.

Costing in the neighborhood of 1,500 billion francs CFA, the objective of
the Tiaguirire installation, which became a reality in 1978 and is almost
completed at this time, is to promote intensive animal and industrial pro-
duction.

To insure the proper management of the installation, the people responsi-
ble for rural development--foremen--opted to initiate a cooperative frame-
work on the installation level with a view to the regional population's
participation in this project.

Thus, each peasant in this framework will have at his disposal about 1
hectare of land where he will have to take care of eight head of cattle.
The credits necessary for the purchase of these animals will be furnished
by CNCA [National Agricultural Credit Bank].

The minister of rural development, Brah Mahamane, who accompanied the
chief of state, furnished us with these particulars and specified that
250 families will be involved in this project.

It is anticipated that 2,000 head of cattle will leave Tiaguirire every

6 months for the slaughterhouse (namely 4,000 yearly), and on this point
he specified that the success of the total project rests on the

52

restructuring of SONERAN [National Company for Animal Resources}. At the
present time this company is represented in Niamey only, which inevitably

Limits its activities.

The Tiaguirire installation is in fact one of the links in the national
policy in regard to animal resources, which begins in the pastoral zone
where extensive cattle-raising originates and extends to the ranches
where semi-extensive stock-raising is practiced, for which it consti-
tutes a safety valve.

1993
CSO: 4400

NIGER

DJERMAKOYE REPORTS ON DEVELOPMENT COMPANY TO AFN
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 30-31 Jan 80 p 2
[Article: "Development Company: Major Djermakoye Reports to the AFN"]

[Text] The president of the national commission responsible for the
establishment of the development company, Major Moumouni Djermakoye
Adamou made a report yesterday in the CELTHO [expansion unknown] lecture
hall on the development company, in the presence of Riba Dan Madam, direc-
tor of youth and cultural animation, and the members of the national com-
mittee of the AFN [Nigerian Women's Association].

Before explaining the purpose of the development company Djermakoye drew
the attention of the audience to the principal Nigerian objectives,
namely, a rate of 2.7 to 3 percent in demographic growth, and to the fact
that the population should include 50 or 60 percent of the young, and 90
percent of the rural population. Djermakoye continued, “our duty is to
be able to ensure a happy future for the young."

The president of the national commission responsible for the establish-
ment of the development company then spoke at length on the position of
the rural population. Dermakoye stated that at the present time a
minority comprised of the elite of the country reflects and makes deci-
sions for the rest of the country. "The base must have its say," he con-
tinued, but it should not wish to impose its political policies on the
Nigerian people. However, it should be up to the people to reflect and
consider what is best for all, and that is the object of the national
commission.

Speaking of the composition of this commission Djermakoye underlined that
"no one was forgotten, all classes of society and associations in our
country are represented."

After the translation of the report into the national languages, the
women said a few words, especially regarding rural women's representa-
tion in the development company.

"Everyone knows that in general women are in the background when deci-
sions are made in the villages" declared one of the participants.

To the above Djermakoye replied that there will be a solution if the AFN
will institute adequate structures.

the national committee of the AFN met yesterday morning and discussed the
general problems of the association, namely, finances, establishment of a
newspaper, relations between departmental offices and its new structures.

7993
CSO: 4400

INDEPENDENCE DAY SET FOR APRIL 17

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p l

[Text ]

RHODES IA

RHODESIA will become the independent Republic of
Zimbabwe at midnight on April 17. The Queen will be
represented at the ceremony by Prince Charles, the heir to

the throne.

Qenemnden Go tems Onn, © Gah for the
Governor said Lord Soames had agreed to the request of Mr
Robert Mugabe to continue to exercise his responsibilities over

Rhodesia until mid-
night on April 17.
Mr Mugabe, who

was officially con-
firmed as Prime
Minister in a Govern-
ment Gazette notice
yesterday, will assume
his full powers as the
Union Jack is lowered

for the last time.

“The Republic of Zim-
babwe will become inde-
pendent at that time.
Friday April 18 will be
Independence Day,” said
the Governor’s spokesman.
Last night a source said
Independence Day would
probably be declared a
public holiday.

‘ne date was chosen as
a compromise between the
Prime Minister’s request
for a longer British pre-
sence and the Governor's
intention not to overstay,
said the source.

Ministers of the new
Government would im the
meantime be working with
their departments to plan
Government strategy ‘and
prepare to implement its
policies.

Consult

Although Lord Soames
would continue his
lative and execu

until Inde

ay, he would consult the
Prime Minister before
taking political decisions,
the source said.

-/
20

it was aiso expected
that heads of Government

ernment House for the
Governor’s action.

anthem would ably be
introduced at -
dence. This would be con-
sidered by the »

the Secretary to the Cabi-
net, Mr George Smith.
The committee was also

looking into the guest last
which wep == a,
“lo an tinguished’.
Ohamreens believe that
a the leaders to be
inv) will be the Presi-
dents of the frontline
states.

The committee will start
meeting next week.

Mr Smith said yeaterday
that Mr Mugabe had been
asked to put forward the
names of Ministers and
party officials to sit on
the committee, and had
received a Hat of the cele-
brations it would organise.

Rhodesia wil) become
independent as a member
of the Commonwealth, and
Britain is to send its High
Commissioner to Salisbury
before Independence Day.

Tour?

Lord Soames will leaye
Zimbabwe on hee day of
indepenten nce
Charles is Docetea te re-
main, to the cdun-
try. The Prince's itiner-
ary will be worked out
by the independence com-
mittee.

The Governor leaves
Salisbury for London to-
morrow for meetings
with the British Prime
Minister. Mrs Thatcher,
the Foreign Secretary,
Lord Carrington, and the
Minister of Overseas De-
velopment, Mr Neil Mar-
tin

Our source said: “Lord
Soames will be discussing
with his Cabinet col-
leagues a number of ways
in which we may be able
to help (Zimbabwe).

“We have made clear
our wish to do all that
we can to help Zimbabwe
both now and after inde-
pendence and to sustain
its imdependent life in
peace, prosperity and re-
conciliation.”

CSO: 4420

Assistance

A team of two or three
British officials would
come to Salisbury econ
to assess the country’s
needs fol a re-
quest by Mr Mugabe for
assistance ip the civil
service

On Thursday — three
senior policemen would
arrive to review Police
training and a re-

with the Minister of
Home Affairs, Mr Joshua
Nkomo, said the British
source.

The source said there
was no special significance
attached to April 18. The
date had amply been
agreed by both the Gov-
ernor and the Prime
Minister at a meeting on
Thureday night.

Tana reports that Lord
Soames told reporters ves-
terday morning: “We had
to balance not turning
him (Mr Mugabe) down.
So we tried meet him
and stay for another five
weeks.”

‘The Governor added
that Mr Mugabe's Minis-
ters “would have liked
some shoulder to lean on".
He belfeved April 18 would
be a good compromise.

Extension

The extension of his
stay could “move him (Mr

Reviewin his three
months in Lord
Soames said: “I think
that fortune has smiled
on us, when we think of
the fears we had for the

the barrel of gun”

re praised the work of
the 1300-man Common-
wealth Monitoring Force,
the remnants whom
are helping train former

forces.

‘It showk thet the
British Army oan atill be
used to do all kind of
arenge things and do it
well,”

RHODESTA

MUGABE UNVEILS PRIORITIES

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 1

[Text |

THE Prime Minister,
Mr Mugabe, yesterday
unveiled his Govern-

ment's programme of
action, the priorities
of which are the
acquisition of land to
resettle refugees and
the establishment of

of the new Government,
expected to assume power
in the middle of next
month, vould @rat be in
the Ministry of Lands.
Resettlement and Rural
Development, headed by
Dr Sdney Sekeramayt
“Here we must proceed
with speed to acquire
land for the resettiement
of many @isplaced persons
—refugees within and
without the country.

will also carry out the
omy of co-opera-
Iv

ew and collectives

Saying hia Government
would not be a new gov-
ernment tf it did not
bring about change, the
Prime Minister emphe-
sised the change would
have to be balanced with
the need to retain skills
in the country

There was plenty of
unused and wu -utilised
land which could be
acquired “immediately”
for resettiement, he said.

Another area ear-
marked for early action
by the Government &
education. where steps
are to be taken to reopen
schools closed during the
war

Hospitals end clinics
affected by the war would
aleo he reopened

“Immediate asestistance™
had been promised by the
United States. Sweden,
the Netherlands. Britain
and all) the countries in
the European Economic
Community to help the
Government carry out its
land, health and educa-

tion programmes, he said
Replace
Another |! task

tive system to replace the
different local government
systems for biackg and

whitee

Housing, Mr Hddison
Zvobgo. ' The r--
has been transferred to

the Police (law
can GD oad Ge ca
tration of marriages.
births and deaths. District
administration has been
removed from his port-
folio.

One other function of

,
1

-
t

rf
‘2
ma
fi

Then there will a link
between that system and
the courts s0
that from the
lowest court under the

very serious programmer
© restructuring the dis

trict ad@ministre ve sya
tom We waat « uniform
local aG@ministrative aye
tem to prevail in the
country.”

The Prime Minister said
the Public Service needed
restr cluring. And he in-
formation, tedio and tele
vision «section § —_ quired
real overnha. ie

The Minister of the
Pubiie Bervtee Mr Richard
Hove would examine the
present setup with «
view (9 gaining an insight
nto (he workings of every
department

ie would ele study
the position of Africans
with a view to heir pro-
motion and advancement.

‘ . ,
Training

Experts from the Br't-
tish Goaating
tion woukd come &
desta to aasiat in over-
hauling the tnformation
and broadcasting agencies.
There would be train
achemesn at home a
abroad

Mr Mugabe confirmed
that eenior civil servants
hed comp ained about the
creation of ‘one or two
Mintetries

The civil servants feit
‘were waa need for a sep-
arate Ministry of Roads
and Road Trafic They
aiso queried the creation
of the Ministry of Posts
and Telecommunications
» the grounds that. as
an sutoromous statutory
authority. it had so Gov-
ernment department

The Prime Minister said
the Government was

dering wh thar ,

‘t road trate eouid oot
” 4 nh posts and
‘siecommunications.

But I muet a@mit that
-@ do not understaed the
logic of separating roads
aod road traffic from the

ther aspects of trapsport
the ra'lways and the
ir system | should
maine thal both aspects
shoud he under transport
nd power.” he said.

W elcome

Mr Mugabe said he had
not | =6yet) =«—6received
jedges of aid from the

em bloc, but Ue
would be welcome if
offered

Hie Government wae

repared to raise
loans for the development
of the country from any
quarter

Regarding the national
debt, he sald ihe position

sidered carefully before
obligation wee accepted.

“Where they got arme
as aries io kind. we would
find it extremely difficult

Rail route

Accepting the obliga-
ton to repay cash loans
inherited from previous
Governments, the Prime
Minister added: “I under-

that. . all loans
Uney got rh) from
South Africa, were in
He sald he wanted to
see the rail route to Beira
oo 2
le. that
Zaire and bia were

® solide
rity with SWAPO, the

be influenced by financial
conetderations, although
tt wes hie Governments
desire to estabiteh diplo-
matic miesions in every
country

anther § = cansideration
would be how much Zim.
hatwe could gain from

o up @ Mission in
> *2 country But

RHODESIA

ROBERT MUGABE--A BIOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Sofia ZEMEDELSKO ZNAME in Bulgarian 16 Mar 1980 p 4

[Text] After the great victory of the Patriotic Front in the first parlia-
mentary elections, in Rhodesia's modern history, held this week, Robert
Mugabe, chairman of the African National Alliance of Zimbabwe (ZANU) Party,
formed the first government of the independent state. The government co
sists of 24 ministers; Mugabe, in addition to his position as prime minister,
is also in charge of the Ministry of Defense. The cabinet includes also
members of the other party which has joined the Patriotic Front, namely,
Alliance of the African People of Zimbabwe (ZAPU) whose leader Joshua Nkomo
will be the minister of Internal Affairs, as well as two representatives of
the white population.

Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born in 1925 in @ poor peasant family in the smail
Village of Kutame, situated not too far away from Salisbury. Mugabe studied
in missionary schools; later on he entered the "Fort Hare" University, for
blacks only, in the Republic of South Africa. Here, while colliding with
the inhumane racist laws and customs, the young man got his first political
baptism. Here he got acquainted for the first time with some Marxist work:.
After completing his education in 1951, Mugabe taught in various schools i:
Ghana, Zambia, and from 1954 in Rhodesia too. He has degrees in Law and
Government; he is known as a teetotaller--he does not smoke and drink, and
he likes music.

Robert Mugabe became politically active at the end of the 50's. At first

he was a secretary in charge of the press in the National-Democratic Party
of Joshua Nkomo (now Alliance of the African People of Zimbabwe), and later
on, in August 1963, he founded the party of the African National Alliance of
Zimbabwe (ZANU) and became its chairman. He was persecuted by the authori-
ties and he spent many years in racist jails.

The merger of the ZANU and ZAPU parties, in October 1976, into the Patriotic
Front of Zimbabwe marked a new stage in the struggle of the native Africa:
population against the racist regime of lan Smith. Robert Mugabe, one oi
the Patriotic Front leaders, became very active in expanding the partisan
struggle in the country. He said the following in connection with this

hi)

Lruge@ie: ‘he truth of our weapons is the truth of our cause, and the
truth of our cause is the truth of our weapons.” At the same time Mugabe
Also visited « number of other countries where he explained the aims and
tasks of the patriotic forces in Rhodesia,

‘act summer he visited Bulgaria too and he was received by comrade Todor
‘hivkev. At this meeting Mugave gave 4 high appraisal for the disinterested
aid and support by the Bulgarian Communist Party and the People's Republic

f Bulgaria to the people of Zimbabwe and other peoples in the African South
in thetr struggle against the forces of racism and imperialism.

hilo gtatemente to the press the new prime minister of Zimbabwe pointed
out that after so many years of war, the main attention of the government
will be directed toward the problems of the socio-economic development of
‘he country. He emphasized that the entire people of Zimbabwe, especially
population in rural areas, must participate in the determination of
their fate, that the people must become the landlord of its country and its
tural riches. The collective forms of land tillage and the creation of
fario ‘committees with administrative functions will contribute to this

e mn the countryside. in the international arena the government will
follow a policy of positive neutrality and mutually advantageous cooperation
ull nmtries.
[Ss expected that the cabinet headed by Robert Mugabe will begin to carry
i+ its functions immediately after the official proclamation of Zimbabwe's
pendence @t midnight on April 17

Signed: V. As.

ZVOBGO ANALYZES ELECTION VICTORY

Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 6

[Text }

tt WAS not purely a desire for pexoo that
persuaded the black clectorate te sete “en

masse” for ZANE CPR)

in the election, said

the party's director of elections, Me Eddison

Zvobgo, last week.

Contrary to the popular
view that Africans were
now sick and tired of the
war and were for peace.
Mr Zvobgo mid = the
ZANU (PF) assessment
was that people were
prepared to start Aghting
again if they did not get
what they wanted

“It is not really peace
that people wanted. It ts
freedom Although wr
want peace we love free-
dom more. The people
were determined to get
genuine African freedom
and that is why = they
voted for us Once they
are truly free, there is no
need for them to go to
war

One of Bishop Muzo-
rewa's mistakes was to
emphasise the need for
peace rather than genuine
freedom, adding that be-
fore the advent of the war
im the aixties, the
had heen very t
but had opted for armed
conflict inatead

Propaganda broadcasts
heamed each evening on
Radio Mozambique were
instrumental tp instilling

among
local biack population.
who tuned in to hear the
progress of the “liberation
struggie”.

Coupled with that were
the Wally “punmgwes” — all
night political meetings —
at which tribespeople

roughout the country

re grilled into sup.
porting the st as
the only means throueh
which genuine freedom
aod majority rule could be
attained.

“Every cadre wae
tuught to demonstrate te
the people that they were
oppressed-—by looking at
the structure of the
present government, the
Public Service, the armed
forces and the su
laws prevailing im the

country

RHODESTA

‘The ‘povo’ were also
taught that the enemy
they faced was not the
white mun but the system
which denied them gen-
uine freedom. And with
the p! orevolutionary
songs and slogans on
Radio Mozambique we

hieved h
breakthrouph. he =_
BUSINESS

The Lancaster House
Conference, he sald. saw
the start of the party's
election campaign.

“The hard stand we
took right through the
conference showed we
meant business. We ex-
posed that it was the
whites and not Bishop
Muzorewa who were run-
ning the country.”

Later the gained
more sympathy m the
black voters, who saw it
being discriminated
against by Lord Soamer’s
administration

CSO:

4420

ite tioverhnor played
ihtan coat ote Tih hi nak ng
things dutreull tor ua @
rhe home toon Mogae
TL Pivers oousstion
wis being levelled ogalnat
us There was on attempt
io beamireh our image by
homhnog churches and
holding us responsible for
every breach of the
eonwetire The masses saw
through oll thie”

Mi Zvoturo anid that Dee
cause of the «truggie-tn
exile poople were Gk-
tremely curious to see
wheat ort’ of leaders
ZANU (PF) had,

‘Thie partly explains
the huge turnout and en-«
thuginam of the campaign
rallies we held in the
mujor centres of the coume-
trv”

sekea why ZANU (PR)
fared badly in the Matae
heleland Matrict Mr
Zvolwo who is uleo the
Minist: of Loca! Coverne
ment eod Housing, a
the party had pot ha
enough time to be “asa
thorough" as it had beep
throughout the reat of the
country

He conceded, however,
that Mr Nkomo’'s Patriotic
Front was better organ-
ised ip that area und that
moat of the party's atal-
warts, including Mr
Nkomo himself, came
from that region.

RHODES ILA

HAMUTYINEL RECOUNTS DAYS WITH ROBERT MUGABE

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 4

.and a Leader

“Tough Days of the Past..

[Article by M. A. Hamutyinei:

called Mugabe")

[Text |}

ite
lit te a at |
fae had rt a ie nif
Hall Licegaii*ais
i ie
amen ae
3 ABE He HH mt

— a eee ee

qitesecse yy th ahd.
STH ATT rat # i ie
stiivasi i! ri ‘ig ates

#233 53 bie 3 i sa , .
age ae sre) i Hl i a

satil

tal re bt Bed

a, an Fiat o2fast AL side [ss #3
Ba Higa il Hate fail He

i eae an Te ee San
E awn ben iy | i at + Pall bay EEE Ma hs
He ily iE athe ae ar ith
“silat ee i i bh sf ten Bhi dt

+20

NEW INFORMATLON MINISTER SHAMUYARIRA PROFILED

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 2

1 iext |

THE Ministry of In-
formation and Tour-
ism will be the limeh-
pion, between the
Goverement and the
people, the new
Minister of Informa
tion and Tourtam, Dr
Nathan Shamuyarira,
seid yesterday.

He said he was not yet
able to de ail petictes he
would adopt as Minister,
nor the nature of the
changes be would like to
sce.

He said: “There will be
changes, Uke everything
else. We want to project
the image of the new Zim-
babwe and to refiect the
new era of independence
and freedom and we would
want the Information De-
partment te reflect this.”

He added: “Tt wih b
2 partnership between the
Government and the people
to deve this country
and the inistry of In-
formation wil! be the
linchpia ip the partner-
ship.

Ur Shamuyarira is the
ZANU (PF) admipistra-

tive secretary

Marrieg with a daughter,
he wae born in the Mon-
dore TTL to September
1930 and did his primary
education at the Waddi-
love Trainip Institute
near Marandellas.

His secondary education
was done by correspon-
dence and he returned to
Waddilove for teacher
(ralping and taught at
Tegwar! Secondary
School and : Domboshawa
scheoi for two years.

EDITOR

He later worked as a
journalist for six years
ami was editor of Salis-
bury’s Daily News before
it was benned in 1962.

He went om to the then
University College of Rho-
desia and Nynaalend to
lecture im education but
on the banning of the
party im 1964, he left for
Britain to study politics
and eoonomics at the Ldn-
dow Bahoul of Promo: ies

RHODESTA

This was followed
by a doctorate

in political
scienee at Princeton Uni-
versity in America and 4
riod of teaching at the
niversity of Dar es
Salaam from 1968 to 1976,
In 1977 he left teaching
to work full time tor the
party as administrative
secretary in Maputo, a
position he still holds.

@ Dr Shamuyartra will
speak at the lunch-time
meeting of the National
Affairs Association in
Salisbury tomorrow. His
subject will be: The be-
ginning of a new era in
Zimbabwe.

The weekly public meet-
ings are in the ican
Cathedral Hall, Baker
Avenue.

RHODESTA

SHAMUYARIRA ON CRUCIAL ISSUES FACING WHITES
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 5

(Text |

BRIDGING the social and eeonomie gaps, and deciding upon
their ideals in a future Zimbabwe, are the two most fundamental
and crucial questions facing the white population today, Dr
Nathan Shamuyarira, Mimister of Information and Tourism, said

yesterday.

In his first public appearance since joining the ZANU (PF) Govern.
ment earlier this week, Dr Shamuyarira told a packed mesting of the
National Affairs Association: “We want to establish a non-racial society
here, = society in which ali the people living in Zimbabwe will be

genuinely free and in-
dependent.

“We do not want any rac-
ism of any kind and tacee
who practice racism will
find themselves in con-
frontation with the Gov-
ernment.

“The key to the future
‘tes In freedem of oppor-
tunity for everyone, not
necessarily by scali
down the Europeans,
by scaling up the Africans
so that they can be equal
to thelr EBurepean counter-
parts’ he sald.

‘The one thing that is
overriding which also sur-
prises and imtrigges me
about the white com-
munity of this country is
how superfictal their ob-
servations and their

of the
aituation are

my view, rea! funda.
menta) pabilesophy a
— the white popula-

here. There has also

never been am abjective
analysis of the goals they
seek and the kind of

suppose it goes back
cova months or severa)

acelety for Tes tn
a
toa in
the 1960e the wea
nationalists, Afri-
can nationalists. .
a oe
sophy was to 8
between the

about. It wae earrie@ ever
by the Whitehead Gevern-
ment and the administra-
tion at the time inte the
Rhodesian scene.”

“But co-operation be-
tween the whites and the
elite was accepted, so they
bullt up the big bogey

t the nationalists.”
Dr Shamuyarira's
optnien tke situation has
changed. The “bogey” ls

, nationalism in
the ~~. community’s
eyes, it la communiam or

marxiam.

“I don't think aX of
the pagators of ideas
in white society have rea@
marxism sertousiy, if at
all IT thin. if they have
read it a | don't under-
stand it, but they are sti)

pared to believe tn the
Re about marxists.

n't think anyone
until two weeks ago, an
one tn white society, rea
understood what ra

stood for.

views head never
bece presemted accurately
in the n rs or on

Dr Shamuyarira said
coulé

verified or authenticated.
Rirmours are sent to lower
morale, not to raise it.
“And | must say I am
very disappointed te the

reactioniam.

CSO: 4420

“And how anyone could
ever have thought that
would work in the preseat
syatem, how anyene could
have thought they eould
oppress the black pepula-

petually for

and could ht eeinat
apslaat the whole of Ai
beaten,” he sald.

serve in an A
majority governmest.”
owever, Dr Sham e

pride thamselvea an being

any fundamental analyeis
of where you are going
and where you are coming
from, Thig surprises me.”

Moving on to discuss

hamuyarira maintained
that the Dlecks and whites
were separated by a
on both fronts. “”

* Altho we live to-
gether work together,
and now Africans are
allowed to have houses
and homes im the former
European suburbs, and
hotels amd restaurants are
open to everybody, there
is still @ gap, @ wide gap
at a social level between
whites and Diacks.

“You csn live ther
cheek by jowl, yet
you don’t communieate.

“In the past the Euro-
pean always had s house
with African domestic
servants, and yet they
never communicated. And
now they may be neigh-
bours there is still no
effective communication

“You gee it m the
streets, you see it every-
where.”

PRESSING

But the more pressing
problem for the Govern-
ment, said Dr Shamuya-
rire, was the economic

on erhe Europeans here still
own the major means of
production, y own the
wy S Gems. =
own a property thai
we see here (in Salis-
bury).

“In the 19608 we tried
very hard to get the Gov-
ernment to accept a Biil
of te which was in-

in our view, to

@efend the Africans
racial discrimina

against P
tion. We tried to get the

Finally, they (the Govern-
meant) put hefere us a Bil!
of Righta which had no
teeth. But the Bill of
Rights in the way we con-
ceived it’ undertook to
protect Africans against
discrimination

“Now that a black Gov-
ernment has come into

power there is a very
strong Bill of Rights.

REDRESSED
“But the whites stil)
own the major means of

dreseed,"

sald.
Finally he threw out a
challenge, juat to the

RHODESIA

NUW YOUTH MLNLISTER NHONGO PROFILED
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p l
‘Article by Heather Silk]

'Text |

A FORMER guerilla
commander and politi-
cal ecommissar, 25-
vear-old Teurai Ropa
Nhongo has capped
her career by becom-
ing Rhodesia’s first
woman Cabinet Minis-
ier—-and almost cer

tainly the youngest.

The wife of the ZANLA
commander has another
fret to her credit — she
will head the first Minis-
try of Youth, Sport and
Recreation

Mrs Nhongo has ditfi-
culty im expressing her
eaction to her appoint-
ment

| wasn't expecting it,”
re sald veaterday. “When
| Was chosen as aA par-
flamentary candidate I
thought even if I was to

included im the «H-v-
ernment, | would be just
in ordinory MP, not given
such @ responsible post.”
However. the youthful
Mrs Nhoneo ta not new
to leaderehip

EACIPEMEN!

“l have been a leader
since | was 18. I think
the only difference is that
! am now nominated to
the highest peak . the
excitement is being in-
volved in a new depart-
ment.”

Joyce Mugari, as she
was born, came from the
Mount Darwin area. Her
secondary schooling was
at the Howard stitute,
where she completed
Form Il.

“Then ji left for the
struggle,” she said. “I

joined some of the boys

in the area and fought for
three months.”

She took on her chi-
murenga name, urai
Ropa, which means Spill
Blood. She has retained
the name because that is
how most people know
her.

During the three
months from December
1973 until February, the
young guerilla was io
three contacts with Rho-
desian security forces.

She admits to “a
frightened at first. “
was the first time I heard
guns, the first time I
saw a helicopter im an
actual fight. But as time
went on, I got used to
_"

It was the rainy season
and conditions were bad.

“We slept under the
trees. Sometimes we'd
lose a shoe and you know
what happens to feet in
water. e skin becomes
very thin and it was very
painful.”

ONLY GIRL

She left Rhodesia on
March 38, the only girl
in a group of eight, and
started to walk to Zam-
bia. A severe dose of
malaria brought her to a
brief halt at Chifombo
hase in northern Mozam-
bique and she finally ar-
rived io Zambia on April
i9

After three months of
training in light infantry
in Lusaka, Teurai Ropa
was appointed a medical
assistant on the general
staff. She was later ap-
pointed a political in-
structor.

In early 1970 she re-
turned to Mozambique
and, as a political commis-
sar, Was made second ipa
command of a camp.

With the arrival of Mr
Mugabe in Mozambique
later that year sij.e was
selected as the leader of
a small group to meet him
at Vila Pery.

A camp was created at
Chimoto and Teurai Ropa
hecame ita commander.
The camp grew to become
the largest in the terrt-
tory and Rex Nhongo, of
the guerilla High Com-
mand, arrived and was
appointed military com-
mander—the most senior
post.

The future Mrs Nhongo

CSO: 4420

—aene was married to the
ZANLA commander in
September 1977 at Chimolo
—Wwas moved around the
country. In early 1977 she
waa elected on to the
central committee and in
September became a mem-
ber of the national execu-
tive.

Mrs Nhongo's duties

took her to many coun-
tries. In 1977 she went to
Peking for a month, “It
was very nice, but you
know home is home,” she
srmiled.

The following year she
went to Albania ahd later
to Rumania and Yugo-
slavia.

Mrs Nhongo has two
children, Priscilla Kum-
biral Runmgano (2) and
Mildred Chipo, \zho is six
months.

“Rungano means an ad-
venture story,” Mrs Nho-
ngo said “and with this
girl it was an adventure.
She was born two
after being in a battle.”

Chimoio was under at-
tack from July 30 until
August 1 in 1978 and
although Mrs Nhongo was
not fighting herself, she

RHODESIA

UTURE OF LOSING PARTLES LN DOUBT
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 4

‘Text] There are mixed feelings among political parties that failed to

get seats in the election on whether they should continue to exist or
disband.

(hey are Mr James Chikerema's ZDP; ZANU led by the Rev. Ndabaningi Sithole;
the UNFP of Senator Chief Kayisa Ndiweni; Mr Peter Mandaza's NFZ; the
National Democratic Union of Mr Henry Chihota and the United People's
Association of Matabeleland, led by Dr Frank Bertrand.

‘ir Chikerema said yesterday that consultations on his party's future were
continuing, but no definite decision had been taken.

‘We are looking into the matter--meeting and talking to all our members
at branch and provincial level to see how they feel," he said.

Sut Mr Mandaza said his national executive, at a meeting yesterday, had

resolved to strengthen the party's structure in preparation for the next
election.

He added: “As a democratic institution, we also resolved to cooperate fully
vith the elected government, but will, within the framework of the Con-
‘itution and the limits protecting democracy, offer constructive criticism."

No comment was available from the NDU and UPAM yesterday.
ir Sithole and Senator Chief Ndiweni have expressed confidence that they

vill continue to lead their parties in the new era, and offer their full
support to Mr Mugabe's Government.

RHODES LA

ELECTION RESULTS SPARKS MOVING QUERLES
ilisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 380 p |
| lext
THE day the election whe Gi @ Would only only take suitcases with
resulte were announced. iesve in April or May. thern.
the switenboard operators A keeman for an- A esman for an-
of some furniture removal other sald he could other said although
firms tp Saltebdury alw tell what the it wat « bit early to tei!
answered hundreds of he of @ newspaper whether there was an in-
calls. were each day. without crease people a
Mr Brian Saunders, the reading it the esuatry there
manager of one lf Ure news was riart- been a definite inerease ip
wale) 6(huo@reds of , the telephones rtar- the sumber of taquiries.
peagte Gate Tageies inst w ring “There has been 80
week about the aost of Last Tyvestay De seid leaving.” he said
moving furniture out of there had been many In- t le not often © get
Rhodesia quirtes as te the coset xy. and come
However he sal that of furniture removal, fut the next day and
of every 100 people who it was fair to say that say =e SF go. Tt takes
imqu it wee itkely most mquiries would sot some ¢

at about 20 would actu-
aly move
of all the for.

malities: to be dealt with

matertaiise into 4efinite
removau
Once people
st Row much

fourd out
it cost

before furniture could +e remove furniture from aay t chev .e in
removed. those people one country to another. the past two of three
they tended to e@i) up and = =s years

I tole iv\

N SELECTING PRESIDEN!

) in English 15 Mar 50 p 4

“AND now for the Presidency .. . that's got to be the final peace.”

RHODESIA

REV CANAAN BANANA EXPECTED TO BE NEW PRESIDENT

Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 1

| Text ]

A BULAWAY© Methodist minister, the Kev. Canaan Banana,
will be the first President of the new Zimbabwe, according to
political sources Lere yesterday.

The sources said Mr Banana (44) would be nominated by

ZANU (PF), for whom he was « candidate in Matabeleland North
in the election. He was secand on the party's list for the province

but was not elected.

Asked last = night

ahout the prospects of
his becoming Preal-
dent, Mr Banana said:
“No comment.”

Mr TDeapapea became a
leader to the pationalist
struggle in 1970 when he
took tbe office of deputy
resident in the African
ationa) Council the body
formed to oppose = the
Smith -Home .

In an interview at his

wold home last aight
he said he had joimed the
ANC aa part of it ZANU
element and hed sed
the conversion tne

party, the predecessor of
the UANC

in 1973 Mr tanana
whose passport had been
confiacated, walked acroas
the border to Botewana
and went to Washington
DC where he studied at
the Wesley Theological
Seminary and graduated
with a masters degree w
theology

On his return to this
country ip 1975 he was de-
tained for the first time

The next year he was
released so that he could
join’ =Bishop Muzorewas
delegation at the Geneva

talks
While in Geneva “he
tried, unsucceasfully. 0

persuade the bishep to
unite with ZANU under
Mr Robert Mugabe When
it was certain that he
could = not succeed = he
joined ZANU (PF)
“Murorewa seemed to be
moving close to Smith.
The iiberation forces un-
der ZANU were sacrificing
their lives *o achieve true
independer ce and my con-

“Bo I went back to my

true home to support the
revolution ”

Soon after hia returm he
was detained again, first
at Gatooma and then ip
1978 was moved to Wha

teitf
tis
cis
ths

LF 2

i

Mr Banana has writen
over) = papers " tne
j hem of rere

urces of oppression «and
hae helped to develop
a then ‘ hat Aefnes the
point when vielenee le fuse
tified

The election for the
residency ‘AnDot take
place uptil the Senate has

en chosen All members
of the Mourne *’ Ae i
smcl the Sen te te to

—tJ-h -:

RHODESIA

RURAL WAR DAMAGE ESTIMATED AT $75 MILLION
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 1

[Text] The cost of rebuilding the war-ravaged tribal trust lands had been
conservatively estimated at $75 million. But plans to replace or repair
the damaged schools, clinics, dip tanks, boreholes, dams and roads through-
out the country have already been prepared.

A decision on how the reconstruction is to be financed is expected to be
among the first policy decisions of the new Government.

The cost has been assessed from reports prepared by each of the 55 dis
trict commissioners covering the country on what is required to restore
facilities to their pre-war levels.

The deputy secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Mr Lionel Leach,
said: "Every tribal trust land in the country has been affected to some
extent, and we face a massive task.

"But at least we have an up-to-date assessment of what is required, we
have already started training the men who can lead some of the recon-
struction and we can make a start as soon as the money is available."

The main drive is expected to get underway in the new financial year which
starts on July 1, and officials expect to have “broken the back" of th
problem within two years.

An indication of the scale of damage is given by the following facts:

At the end of January more than 1 500 primary schools and 89 secondary
had closed.

More than 1 COO of the | 500 dip tanks throughout the country had been
destroyed.

\imost all of the 250 councils providing much of the baste administratton
in the rural areas have come under the management of the district com
Missioners to ensure that at least the structure is kept intact.

lhe Atrican nattonal herd of three million head of cattle had been cut by
one million by theft, slaughter and disease brought about mainly by the

lestruction of dip tanks.

meverels iit

in addition, commercial agriculture in the rural areas has been severel

iit and subsistence agriculture Is at “rock bottom" this season.

but there are developments on the positive side.

‘With the help of the Veterinary Department we have already held our first
hole es in some of the southern areas of the country," said Mr Leach.

‘Demand was good and prices were excellent.”

linistry is already training "general purpose" workers who can help
restore facilities in the rural areas by repairing pumps and engines.

ith S250 000 trom Government rehabilitation funds the Ministry is putting
ithe 1) women home economics demonstrators into the field.

is wes 3} started work and another 90 are undergoing re-training. They
i!l assist the 160 women advisers already in the fie’

hile it will take some time to get all the rural cou. ils operating
authorities have taken over responsibility for many

100] ind clinics which are reopening.
‘trict commissioners have assessed the needs of each area by consulting
fficials of ether branches of government such as water development, health,

i it) ima iyi if ulture in their own areas.

eve this is given us a fairly accurate picture of what needs to be
‘ id Mi tc’ cal h
irt from fina e, the hortage ot sxills will be a iimiting factor on
even nf

,try's development resources are in good shape and with

‘tion from everyone our progress will be rapid.”

RHODES ILA

PM: SENSE OF SECURITY ALL L[MPORTANT

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p ]

[Text |

THE Prime Minister, Mr
Robert Mugabe, has «ald
the people of Rhodesia
would be able to see for
themselves that his Gov-
erament meant business.

"We do not want to
maintain the status quo.”
he said in an interview
with the London-hased
monthly news magazine
Africa which will be pub-
lished next week. “Tt is
the e«tatuae quo that we
fought against and we
muat be seen to be over-
throwing it.”

Mr Mugabe e@ald. how-
ever. that his moat imme-
dinte objective was to
foster among all people a
sense of security

There was a erent feel-
ing of tneecurty nerved.-
ine in the country at the
moment, Re said He put
thie down to the war and
“nartiv, bhecausee of the
hardshine created during
those dave when they (the
people) lived under con-
tant harasament. oo ciur-
fewe mertial law and on
inceeeenant «tate of emer-
geney “Ve must lift this
hurden on the neonle and
get therm free Our neonle
have heen unfree and our
task te to «et them free”

NEEDS

Once that is done, said
Mr Mugabe his Govern-
ment'’s attention will turn
to the people's needs:
thetr stomachs, their well-
being. their medical and
welfare needs.

“We will proceed, with
immediate speed, to bring
lund to as many peasants
as possible We are coing
o implement a resettie-
ment programme and in-
troduce co-operatives and
collective farming.

“We will try tw per-
suade, rather than coerce,
the people into co-opera-
tives: in fact we will
introduce the co-operative
system with the returning
refugees, some of whom
have heen farming col-
lectively in Moz: mbhique,
to demonstrate that the
aystern works Fortunately
thie will be feasible as
we have been approached
by various countries with
offers of help.” he said

DISCRIMINATION

Mr Mueahe said his ad-
ministration would = take
steps “Immediately to
abolish rectal discrimina-
tion tn the oublie service

“It may not be ex

emp stipulated but
who select people

have tended to emphasise
the phenomenon white
management in the public
service. That has to go
— we will — in a
system of quick promo-
tion. Similarly in the
armed forces we would
like to see our men
rapidly rise to the level
of commanders, «0 there
has to be an acceptance
in the system that black
people cap hecome senior
soldiers. The whites muat
alyo be prepared to work
under black people where
promotion has occurred.
There has got to be that
acceptance otherwise we
will not have brought
about significant change,”
he said

The Prime Minister suid
his administration intends
reconstructing the educa-
tienal sywterh as well as
the secial and weifare
servicers

“We will not c the
educational wa as
such, we will accept it for
now. but the schools must
be reconstituted immect -
ately practically all of
them,” said Mr Mugahe

Mr Mugabe said = his
Governr ent would be
Sympathetic towurds anv
movement that fights to
overthrow aparthe
South Afric. 7s

“Apartheid remains ob-
noxious to us, and cer-
tainly we will be sympa-
thetic with any move.
heont that ghts to over.
throw apartheid) We will
not be able to asaiat
milllarily, however,” he
said

ACTIVE PARI

He added that his ad-
ministration would = “up-
hold the right of the
people of South Africa to
establish a democratic
system ip their country”.

He said his Government
would play an active part
at international forums
like the United Nations
and the Organisation for
African Unity and would
spare no efforts in obtain-

“the objective of liber-
ation” in South Africa
and S.W.A./Namibia.

Mr Mugabe said that
apart from a political
and diplomatic role, he
could not see Rhodesia
organising war against
South Afriea. “It Is not
our responsibility to do
so," he sid.

“We have just emerged
from seven years of
armed conflict, and we do
not want to be fighting
another war against
South Africa.”

NKOMO URGES 'RENEGADE' PF MEN TO REPORT

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 1

[Article by Francis Md longwa ]

[Text !

RHODESLA

THE Minister of Home Affairs, Mr Joshua Nkomo, who is
also responsible for law and order, yesterday called on all
renegade ZIPRA and ZANLA forces still outside assembly
points to report there immediately or face drastic action.
And he warned “youngsters who may not be aware of their
actions” that any criminal acts. such as assaults and abuse of rival
party members or the burning down of their homes and property,

Mr Nkomo said in an
interview that it was vital
everyone in the country
joined hands in the crea-
tion of peace and the
maintenance of law and
order if Zimbabwe's inde-
pendence was to be com
solidated.

The Patriotic Front lea-
der said: “What is impor-
tant now is that all the
people, especially those
who have heen engaged in
the war, ZIPRA and
ZANLA, who may still be
among the people, must
move away quickly to the
assembly points.

“They either to the
Police or join their com-
rades tm th * embly
Ateas. This ts vital be-
cause it will assist in the
re-establishment of law
and order, which i@ an
indispensible element in
the consolidation of our
hard-won indenendence

CSO: 64620

“We need tnat peace,
and I call upon everyone
to subscribe to this prin-
ciple so that there may be
tranquillity in Zimbabwe.”

Appeal

Appealing to all parties
that contested the recent
general election to forget
their past differences, Mr
Nkomo said:

“Whatever their views
micht have been during
the election campaign
period, these must not be
projected to the post-elec-
tion time, particularly
now when we are trying
to form a Government
and to consolidate our in-
dependence.”

Mr Nkomo’s Home
Affairs portfolio has been
enlarged to include re-
sponsibility for law and
order

would be dealt with
most severely.

He said he would be in
charge of most aspects of
the Police force, except
State security which
would be under the direct
control of the Prime
Minister

In answer to a question,
he said it was not impor-
tant or relevant how
many Cabinet seats his
party had got because
“the vital thing now is to
effect the complete con-
solidation” of Zimbabwe's
inde pendence.

“This is what we fought
for and have achieved,” he
said. “The consolidation of
our independence is as
vital to us as it is to our
counterparts of ZANU
(PF). We cannot minimise
this.”

EDITORLAL COMMENT, OPINION PUBLISHED

New Cabinet

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 5

[Editorial:

iText

"Coalition Cabinet" ]

ALMOST to a man, Mr Mugabe's Ministers and Deputy Ministers
lack any form of perliamentary experience. The great majority,
therefore, will have the daunting task of learning the procedure
and their responsibilities from scratch.

But the same applies to the recently elected MPs, and in
effect the situation will presumably be little different from that
of other countries on the attainment of majority rule.

The fact that most of the new Ministers are strangers does,
however, make it difficult, if not impossible, to assess the strength
of the Cabinet. Some familiar names are included, but at this
stage they are well known in the context of nationalism rather
than administration.

One can only presume that with his large majority, Mr
Mugabe has been able to appoint people of skills and talents.
And he has gone a long way towards retaining the confidence of
the Europeans by including two whites in his Cabinet (although
he has chosen vo Asians or Coloureds).

Initially, it is the inclusion of Mr David Smith and Mr
Denis Norman that will arouse the greatest interest. Once a
coalition involving Europeans was mentioned, Mr Smith became
an obvious front-runner, if only because of the attitude he
adopted at Lancaster House. But however experienced and well
liked, he remains a member of the Rhodesian Front, something
that might cause eyebrows to be raised in other paris of Africa.

There is no such problem where Mr Norman is concerned.
He has the respect of the farming community, has hitherto played
no active part in politics, ad by taking over the vitally important
agricultural portfolio will, it is to be hoped, still many of the
fears that have been expressed about large-scale land expropria-
tion.

Mr Nkomo and his Patriotic Front have not emerged badly
from the deal, either. Mr Nkomo may not have won everything
he hoped for, but it was only to be expected that the key
Ministries would f 1] to members of ZANU (PF), In the circum-
stances, therefore, Mr Mugabe's “compromise” Cabinet should
meet with widespread approval.

RHODESIA

Police Reserves

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 5

(Editorial:

| Text |

"Shifting Target" ]

THE POLICE have taken the first step towards winding down
the war effort by announcing that over-50s in the Field Reserve
will not be called up after April 21. Presumably the Army will
follow suit.

The Police move is welcome and has come none too soon,
for many of the men in this age group have a vital role to play
in trade and industry.

_ But there are surely many under-50s in the various branches

“of the security forer~ whose call-up could also be ended. There

are, for instance. | far too many people being called up for
non-essential duties. (his must stop.

If this country is to develop and prosper, the weight of our
effort must be shifted from bush contacts to businese contacts.
The sooner it is dene the better. é‘

Development Plans

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 6

| Text |

"Right Emphasis" ]

STUDY of the portfolios in the new Cabinet shows a marked
emphasis on development. And rightly so, because there is much
to be done and some new directions to be taken.

There is manpower, planning and development; lands,
resettlement and rural development; natural resources and water
development; and each has a separate Minister.

There is alse a Minisicy of Economic Planning and Develop-
ment to be headed by a Minister who is believed to he Dr
Chidzero, a planning and development specialist with the U.N.

It would seem feasible to make him co-ordinator of
Ministries with similar functions, to avoid overlapping and lead
in due course perhaps to the phasing out of the work done by
some of them.

The tuture ftaunections of the Ministry of Home Affairs will
be of interest, lt is taking on part of the Police portfolio, Does
this mean that itn work with what might be called civilians will
decrease? And how will ite functiona compare with those of the
Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development?

A comparison between the responsibilities shared by the
22 Ministers in the amew Cabinet with the 19 of the old shows
that several are unchanged, some are new, and in many cases
subsidiary portfolios have been transferred from one Minister to
another,

There is nothing unusual about this. But how the Civil
Service will have to be reorganised to cope with the changes
remains to be seeh, Some Secretaries will presumably find them-
selves in new Ministries, and some top positions may have to be
created,

Because much load will be placed on senior civil servants

to get the changes onder way, the aim must be to disrupt their
work as little as possible.

Woman in Cabinet

Lisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 6
(Editorial: “A Double First"]
ext |

VRS TECRAL ROPA NHONGO has achieved a double first in
polities in this country, She is not only the first Minister of
Sport: she is the first woman Cabinet Minister.

It is an interesting combination, and her performance will
be closely watched far beyond sporting circles.

As yet there is no indication of how broad Mrs Nhongo’s
brief will be. But since her portfolio also includes Youth and
Recreation she will obviously have an important part to play in
the lives of young Zimbabweans.

Her youth—she is only 25—plus the fact that she is herself
a mother should be an asset here.

Yet Mrs Nhongo’s appointment could create controversy, for
while many other countries now have Sports Ministers it is
doubtful if many women can be found among them.

Virs Nhongo may in fact be in for a tough time. Some
difficult sports decisions will have to be ‘taken soon, particularly
in celation to our links with South Africa.

But at least she will not have to take full responsibility for
these: they will be matters for the Cabinet, There are times
when it would be foolish for a woman to press for the last word,

Independence Date
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 4
[Editorial: "Look Ahead")

| Text |

NOW that a date has been seit for the birth of the State of
Zimbabwe, the efforts of all must be conceatrated on the future.

April 18 will be observed as Independence Day and there
will be celebrations and rejoicing throughout the country.

But it would be foolish to pretend that among the popula
tion there will not be those with a twinge ef sadness and regret
at the passing of the old era. Let us acknowledge that fact. But
let everyone accept that it must not be allowed to influence the
need for all who make their homes in Zimbabwe to play their
pert in making the nation great.

There ie much to be done in the five weeks remaining
before Prince Charles presides over the traditional flag ceremony
at midnight on April 17.

There are the preparations to be made for the big day
and an enormous amount of detailed work to be undertaken
in the reorganisation of ministries and responsibilities in the
ranks of the civil service.

But it is during this period too that people should adjust
to the fact that changes are on the way. This ts the time to look
forward and to adopt a positive approach to the new era.

CSO: 4420

THE t

HERALD

lephone never BLOps

ringing at the ZGANU
(PR) headquarters in
Munten Rod, Salisbury
insics th: hour-stoteyv
booidiag there ts Bon-sloy

activity, u crush af people

i a hubbub of voices
(>) tside. regardless of the
t ‘ 1 day, Line! is
crowd

The eight-line) switch-
board must be the busiest
in the city meant pow as

the pa@ily gears up Pron

belDbR in Chis political
wWiiderness to fielding Lhe
new romen

t ix not easy t

t an official there Vost-

tors are Searched
oes with mietal detee
young aid ind
ing your man }
straightforward Mattel
The demunds upon
party workers are va
often comp.ex, and
lenting. The

t rs by

pressure i

in English

OFFICE

13 May

SO

p

/

DCOPpie OULSIU eaom tets

ip) beltonres late ‘lern On

Why are they there’?

hhey go to report, to

t nforiustion. to minke
pelillions, lo ask tor belo

ind advice, to look for

jol ind to buy party T-
thairt

And some seem lo go
Just to be in the presence

ot the new power in the
land. They tund rhuut
ehatliine or looKing up at
the building windows

piustered with posters of
Mr Robert Mueuhbe—from
acrhos the treet

‘Most of them are itive
paliyp reporting
pack on thelr iCtivities,”

VOrKers

explained a party spokes-
man

The wcond largest
number are those who

come fo check on
who have not
th: ountry Many come
hoping for tnrorm:tion
About vetting hs. Others

relatives
returned to

dminjs-
Troryy ry I

And sore nuk ‘ they
report for

nave io

duty

~ il
military

RHODES LA

MAJOR OVERHAUL OF ZRBC EXPECTED

Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 1

[Text }

THE GOVERNMENT is believed to have called
fot the resignations of three prceutives of the
Zimbabwe Rhodesian Broadcasting Corporation,
including the Director-4zeneral, Mr Jimmy Neill.

This follows reports that all members of the ZRBC
Board of Governors have either already submitted their

ee oo oe

*.
A statement expected
erday on the ZREC

‘¢ from the sew Minte-
tw of information and
T uriem Dr Nathan
S .amuyarira ‘did not
Mmoterialie

lt & anlikely it will
now te made ore to

Mr Dave Gilbey, and “he
had of the combined
radio and television sews

department. Mr Tom
Louw

CSO: 4644620

Mre Lin Mehmel, Mre &
Beott Mr T. Neube, MrG&

RHODESIA

From tomorrow the gap
will be filled with a local
pews bulletin. The BRAC
news may be carried at
this time tater

December 1s. hore. for

implementation at an ap-
propriate time after the

election 90 matter which
party won.

“The Roard considers
that the time is sow ap-
propriate.”

RHODESIA

BULLE: - AM NOT LEAVING COUNTRY
Salisbury THE SUNDAY MALL in English 16 Mar 80 p 2

[Text]! The former Minister of Commerce and Industry, Mr Ernest Bulle,
yesvcerday firmly scotched rumors that he was leaving Rhodesia and said he
would launch a business consultancy to boost exports and attract invest-
ment into the country.

‘Mr Bulle, speaking from his home in Highlands, Salisbury, said:

"| aecep. the result of the election. I am confident about the future of
the country and | am prepared to serve the Government in any way possible."

‘“r Bulle said he had foun. offices and a small staff in Salisbury for his
business concerned with import, expert, finance and investment.

He was looking particularly at international markets. "In the Ministry
of Finance, and Commerce and Industry, I made many contacts which I believe
can be invaluable to the future of the country.”

He leaves soon tor a business trip to Britain and Europe. In view of the
Government's stated policy of non-alignment, he will also explore markets
in Rumania, Czechoslovakia and Russia.

‘ir Bulle said: "I shall be reporting that the situation here is conducive
.o investment and | shall encourage businesses to put their money here."

“r Bulle, senior vice-president of the UANC who lost his seat in the
eleetion, said he had heard a rumor that he had left to live in Switzerland
and another that he had left to lecture in South Africa.

tt.

' don't know where these rumors came from, said Mr Bulle. "They are
mischievous."

CSO: 6470

RHODES TA

MOZAMBITOUR ASKi » TO RETURN UANC SUPPORTERS
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 4

{Text] Authorities in Mozambique have found about 100 UANC supporters who
have been held in that country since before the election and have asked (tor
them to be repatriated to Rhodesia through refugee channels.

\ Government House spokesman said yesterday that the whereabouts of the
people had been reported to the British Embassy in Maputo and that they
would be repatriated to this country when the refugee programme got under
way again.

Although there has been no official confirmation of the identities of
the detainees, it is understood they may have been held in a remote part
of the Tete Province of Mozambique.

On February 2? the former Minister of Law and Order and of the Public
Services, Mr Francis Zindoga, claimed “several hundred" Rhodesians were
being held at "Mafudzi" in rugged country near Lake Malawi.

Mr Zindoga accused ZANU (PF) and the president of Mozambique, Mr Samora
Machel, of being responsible.

A spokesman for ZANU (PF) denied the allegations at the time and said that
with the release of the party dissidents and two Europeans abducted during
the war, there were no more detainees in Mozambique.

Late last month a British source in Salisbury confirmed that efforts were
being made to free about 100 UANC supporters being detained in Mozambique.

CSO: 46420

RHODES LA

LITTLE MOVEMENT YET AS PVS OPEN
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 5

itTexat}] Although protected villages were officially thrown open on Wednes-
day, restrictions on many of them were lifted up to three weeks ago, the
deputy secretary (security) of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Mr Geoffrey
lenson, said in Salisbury yesterday.

At a preas conference Mr Henson said a total of about 150 PVs were affected,
with a population of about 300 000, although this was a rough estimate only.

ospite curfew and entry and exit restrictions being removed, however,
there had been little movement out of most of the villages sc far, he
said,

The reasons were that rains continued in some parts of the country, making
thatching grass scarce and that there was still a degree of fear of armed
elements outside the PVs.

le added that individuals were also reluctant to make the first move but
that once a number of people left more would follow.

‘Mr Henson said the Prime Minister, Mr Mugabe “had made it clear he would
1ot like to see a disorderly rush" out of the PVs as he had hopes of money
ing provided for resettlement.

“ature policy on the development of former protected villages as local
centres would therefore depend on available finances, Mr Henson said,

although in a number of cases, PVs had already been built at community
centres and were sources of local development.

Guards would remain at a small number of PVs in sensitive areas where
there were still "dissident elements" operating, Mr Henson said.

‘he areas involved took in about 20 percent of the total of PVs and were
concentrated in the Victoria Province and to a lesser extent in Manicaland,
he said.
CSO: 646420

89

RHODES LA

COMMITTEE ON FORCES HAS SECOND MEETING

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 1

{Text |

i ri

aa
fi

a

id
es

esl!

:
st 4

el Ci
rial i

4420

CSO:

90

DUTCH ALD PLEDGE REPORTED

Sa.isbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 3

| Text }

Road, Hi

was ay. 1971
January ; r
w sald his

“What form this (aid)
ll) take depends on bi-
iateral negotiations be-
tween our two countries

ino particulac where such

CSO: 4420

i
i

{ofl
sf #4
iy

:
i

‘
5 3
i
|

RHODES LA

_-* Mr Wessels
eaid ——
wished to express

great lation for the

line specifically the im-
t and constructive

roll of the British Govern-
ment.”

RHODESIA

LAN SMITH QUIETLY LEAVES OFFICE

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 7

[Text ]

aL em ft

petal ui

sEag fAggagaagtayyes vagy gtgdstyy
papa ie et be et
es attra rl : 5 a
nl nie init it ii hls

Taber ee if

Hi

4420

Re
sa Se ae) 35 Heelan 3 ret

CSO:

ge

RHODESIA

LADY SOAMES ADDRESSES ZIPRA TROOPS

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 1

[Text }

and oa
mie valeeTleleas i

billie

oT

als

i é i lait rer Robe
:

i ing ui! ft
sf fit

jie Sart. be!
iit

3
$
2 iat

Fs Er
ia ‘fii TEA

fy
fe tty Hud a:

~ it a fail gay al

4420

CSO:

RHODES LA

CURFEWS IN BULAWAYO TO END

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 5

[Text ]
ALL remaining curfews in Bulawayo are to be |
lifted from 6 a.m. on Moaday, Assistant Com-
missioner Fred Punter
“There wee a iot or
rails dering the on
during the cur-
few, but there was a spin-
ae S
men were
from. a om.
“The , whieh will
be kept for the immedi-
ate future. will assist in
seeing thet these elements
@o not return.” he said.
“There will be no Police
qheck points by day or
aight, although patrols
will continue at the site.
but on a lower scale.”
ssid Assistant Commis-
sioner Punter
Me satd the curfew at
the storage depot had
been “very effective”. Due
to ite tiem, | Was a
high area, but the
a wel served its pur-
pose preven an
attack or soy 8 the
sie.
CSO: 4420

g4

CHINESE OVERTURES, WISHES REPORTED

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 5

[Text }

CHINA ts moving swiftly
to build up @ strong poal-
tion in Rhodesia.

The official Xinhua
News Agency and the
party newenaper, the
People's a had rep-
resentatives Salisbury
as Mr Mugabe war ap-
oointeéd Premier. Up
now the Chinese media
nad been getting ita re-
ports fram correspondents
filing from Zambia and
elsewhere.

On March 8 Chinese
Chalrman Hua Guo Feag
sent a message of Got
gratulations to Mr Mu-
gabe expressing China's
“pleasure” at his election
victory. Mr Mugabe has
long been seen as pro-
Chinese. of th »

The text. e mease
and also of an interview
that the Premier gave to
the three Chinese journal-
ists — Xia Ze and Ying
@ian of the agency and
Li Hone of the newspaper
-- indteates that Peking
wants the Mugabe Gov-
ernment to remain inde-
pendent of the Soviet
Union end promote apity

new succeases tn the noble
cause of building an inde
pendent and prosperous
Zimbabwe...”

Cso: : J

STTL TED

In stilted Chinese code
language this means that
Peking thinks Mr Mueabe
should put independence
before people's pros-
perity.

The eame theme was
emphaateed by the use of
quotationa fram Mr Mu-
gabe im ap interview run
bv Xinhua. “The ultimate
goal les tp the neonle
heine the mastery of thetr
own @eatinv.” the Premier
wns quoted ne telling the
Ohinere mnewamen

Mr Muahe anid Soiia-
bury world he non-
aligned and neutral. This
is an intriguing qualifica-
tlan, stemming perheods
frora cloud

the under
which Boviet.
—s ohairm has
pl the nop-aligned
mo seems

Premier's selection
white an 4 major | tan
also Mr et = a A
Are ot with South

China waate ane =
independent Zimbabwe to
arbit because °
thet further

black Afr}
te the future

Ing South
the security
sea routes.

95

Africa,
of the &

RHODESIA

tt Ml |

routes ea vital for the
continued strength and
stability of Weatern
Europe.

he wanted to deve
china, Peking eles wente
na. wan
good linke wit “Ermbabwe
.. . @B@ the eeaner the
better.

RHODESIA

ICRC SURVEYS REVEAL WIDESPREAD SUFFERING
Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 5

[Text] Surveys conducted by the International Committee of the Red Cross
late last year in 12 villages showed malnutrition in between 13 percent
and 41 percent of the children tested.

The figures were contained in a report, Nutritional Survey in Rhodesia,
released on Friday in Salisbury by the ICRC. The survey was made to assess
the effectiveness of the Red Cross supplementary feeding programme in the
rural areas.

"It would not be fair to say it represents the overall situation in the
country. This could be the case, but there are many important differences
in each region that affected the results and make it difficult to make a
general statement,” Mr Rene Kosirnik, head of the ICRC delegation here
said.

Main Factors

The survey dealt with 10 protected villages in Centenary, Darwin, Chiping-,
Nuanetsi and Beitbridge districts and two villages in the Tonka areas of
Kariba and Binga districts.

All of the areas were hard hit by the war. The effect of the war and of
the two-year long drought, were the main factors affecting malnutrition,
the survey states.

Each village was visited twice. Participation in the testing by children
was voluntary, no attempt being made to reach every child in the vicinity.
In one instance the only children tested were 60 who went to meet the Red
Cross aircraft at the airstrip.

In most cases, however, the sampling was large enough to be considered
Statistically meaningful, officials said.

Malnutrition was gauged by measuring arm circumference in children aged
from one to five years and measuring arm circumference in relation to
height in children from six to nine years old.

96

Wasting

When children are malnourished, the survey states, the muscles waste and
the arm circumference, which is almost the same for children from one to
five years, decreases.

For older children the normal arm circumference varies more with age, but
can be correlated to height.

Children who were shorter than the minimum height for normal children with
their arm circumference were considered malnourished.

During the first visits, in September and October, 1 470 children were
measured. During the second visits, between November and January, 1 932
children were measured.

The highest percentages of malnourished children were in the Batonka
villages of Chunga, Binga District, and Nengande, Kariba District--in
excess of 30 percent on both visits.

"The Batonka have been badly affected by the drought and they have not
been able to fish," the survey states.

The lowest incidence of malnutrition was recorded in the Chibuwe and
Checheche PVs of Chipinga (12 to 17 percent) and in Shabwe PV in Beitbridge
(13 to 17 percent). The other seven PVs were all between 20 and 30 percent.

"For all of the places surveyed it has been reported on the first visit in
September-October that there was some food in the store houses of the
families. At the time of the second visit in November-January it was found
that the stock was finished," the survey states.

Prices for a 20 kg bag of mealie meal varied from $2,32 in Shabwe PV
to $3,50 in Checheche PV.

After the first series of visits the ICRC reevaluated its supplementary
feeding programme, which up to then had relied mainly on dried skimmed milk.

New Food

For normal growth, children needed food with both protein, fats and
carbohydrates, the latter two being used for energy. The skimmed milk,
while high in protein, had almost no carbohydrates or fat. In addition,
if the milk was not mixed properly it could cause diarrhea, the survey
States.

Consequently, the ICRC began using Mahewu, a powdered drink that was made
of maize and sorghum.

97

There were fluctuations in levels of malnutrition between the two visits,
but in light of the different numbers of children tested (in one case 59
were tested the first time, 141 the second) the differences were not con-
sidered statistically significant.

Overall, the malnutrition level stayed fairly constant, the survey states.

One exception was Dotito 9A PV in Darwin, where it increased from 25 to

30 percent. The ICRC supplementary feeding programme had been discontinued
for a time. The increase could therefore indicate the velue of the
programme, the survey states.

CSO: 4420

98

[CRC DELEGATION PREPARES TO LEAVE

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 7

[Text ]

THE International Com-
mittee of the Red Cross
delegation in Rhodesia is
— to leave now
that a war eltuation no
longer exists

Speaking !n Salisbury,
yesterday the delegation
head, Mr'‘iene Kosirnik,
confirmed that “we are
now busy plans
to leave the country

The main role of the
International Committee
of the Red Cross was to
intervene in times of war.

‘Now the war is over
and we are prepa to
pull out, but this will
time and no date has been
set for our final de-
parture.”’

CSO: 4420

Mr Kosirnik returned to
Salisbury earlier this
week after visiting his
Geneva headquarters,
where, he said, the “tra-
Gitional decision to with-
draw had been taken”.

The delegation employs

a staff of 30 administra-
tive and medical person’ el
séconded from overseas
and 220 local people.

Rural clinics which had
been operated by the
ICRC were likely to be
administered by Govern-
ment services in future.

“There are many posst-
bilities concerning the
future of some of our
activities which I think
will be taken over by

RHODES TIA

ane sUrU rst estap-
lished a presence in Rhod-
desia t years ago.

In 1977 the operation
was activated to embrave
the lsation’s tradi-
tional fields — protection,
maintaining a war watch,
upholdin humanitarian
law, g for }
medical work affordin
relief to war victimae
& tracing agency for

locating

tad feign
separated by the war
situation.

RHODESIA

UNIVERS TTY ENROLLMENT INCREASE EXPECTED

in English 16 Mar 80 p 1

Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL

[Text]

nape if i et
cr
ee wet

€2 258 He ‘i HAE eb GEES
5 i fon it Het of i ii. He

AL
‘ 2, all fi? wn ea
ti (ie i i pet sat! iy

a i sine ai
24: : 2 ‘ii : :
pa ae shige: a et
ite Ee 2 2th: ame

4420

CSO:

LOO

RHODES LA

STUDENTS LEFT OUT OF PHASE ONE CALL-UPS

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 1

lText |

ion i

eects

, wen
He ai

iy Haj bat

Hi
iat mae i

ad |

ay

ee tye i thie" mala pibseit $11]
ey ea
24,7 itis i if fi

area a sit i opts pe,
25 id sliee hes ny blhen

4420

RHODES LA

NO CALL-UP OF MEN OVER FLFTY PLANNED
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 1

|Text] The BSA Police do not intend to call up men over 50 in the Field
Reserve after April 21, a Police Reserve headquarters statement said yes-
terday.

However, reservists in the over-50 category who have received call-up
papers for a commitment starting before and running beyond that date will
be required to fulfill their commitment “unless specifically instructed
otherwise," the statement said.

Instructions had already been issued saying that no one in that age group
would be deployed outside his home area after April 1 unless he had
volunteered for such a duty.

However, the statement reminded those affected that they remained members
of the Police Reserve “with a laid down commitment as long as the rele-
vant legislation remains in force."

The statement added, however, that it was not yet considered advisable
to extend the same intention to members of the Police Special Reserve.

They would be required to perform four hours' duty a week in their own
residential areas--unless they volunteered otherwise-~-as a maximum.

But members of all branches of the Police Reserve were advised that levels
of deployment would receive “close attention," with a view to reducing
demands “to levels compatible with the security situation."

An Army spokesman said yesterday that the over-50s in the territorial army
generally went over to the police. Those who remained had mostly been
doing technical, professional or skilled jobs voluntarily "for years" and
that very few had joined the Army once they had passed 50 years of age.

CSO: 4420

102

RHODES ILA

CLAIMS OF PHANTOM ARMY JUST 'HOGWASH' SAYS SPOKESMAN

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 7

| Text |

Hes uieul setalah ay
il ih Eel el

ree ne hin
sig ean ett

itis! ind
ty i i Leith nn

SPOKESMAN
Combined

A

4420

CSO;

103

RHODES TA

MAJOR SECURITY FORCE COMMAND CHANGES REPORTED

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 1

hints #0 far on what
General Walle may re-
commend, but wi the
running down of the war

the va units

) eh gg
cluded elements of the
Poltee.

[Text |
THE «tracture of the high command of the Thus the Police pre-
security forces is to be changed, the Prime pear phe — wR
Minister, Mr Mugabe, said yesterday. Operations a
He told « Press conference that the od ca, aa
Commander of Combined Operations, Lieut- Law and Order, but this
General Peter Walls, bad asked him for per- ie -t
mission to do this, Mr Mugabe said General the Police comes under
Walls would recomme:! + plan for considera- re Ss =
yet received it. At the Press confer-
Mr Mugabe said that DROPPED ence, Mr Mugahe declinw-d
the Pohee were in he de The Ministry of Com. te go into hin reasons for
) ate MO ey end wend + State Security ~~
cnme wader the Misistry ilet of Ministries ‘and “State security has al-
oy — Ag
leader, Mr Nkomo. ony. 4 were separate from the Police
Under the old system, Mugabe has taken Se ene ee Gh wth
the overall conduct of the over the DeSence port- On the
security forces in the war folio. ZANLA a "= of
came under the Ministry Before the creation of } ag ZIPRA
of Combined Operations, the Ministry of Combined forces, Mr the security
which was formed Operations and the ap- a sad
March 1977. gotatment of General to see
There have been no alls oo the military

-
:
melt

i

fugit
er j a
en Ah

39?
nite ;

fill I

z

ca
ae
hoot

105

Ly ey one male 5 :
[ i eit a }

£*5x%.

yell ith fy id

4420

CSO:

RHODES LA

ABUNDANCE OF CAPITA! "REDICTED

Salisbury THE HERALD-BUSINESS HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 1

[Text ]
DEVELOPMENT capi- The disadvantages of the consumer price
index rose by 18 percent.
tal should be plentiful — Ff hes A 4 The cost of some mate-
for sound business cases, for our are rials, machinery and spare
propositions now the poner 4 ways, business- dustries rose even higher
coun is back to men cap also now buy on
iry ¥ com conene.
normal sanye the i ; out the
chairman of RAL Ministry of Commerce and
Holdings, Mr Gerry - a
Carey-Smith, clariy well to getting our
He warns that the main Sie the Crmmon homer
restriction op progress is, Reviewing the
eS] b awe all ton tn. year he ave most
of economy, , of the economy recoverea
power shortage. Retail trade increased in
“However both — the real terms for the first
Government and many in- time since 1975 and there
dustriea have a. - ab ae
time been concentra civil engineering
on ee a a the construction
rogrammer depression.
that these and “
ary measures will al- oo Te levele §=in
leviate this position rene 7 oe
“It t clear from the for four years. Although
tnterest the the progress in most of
many visitors we have had these sectors was modest,
that gives it wag made in the face of
polities! climate pro- the highest inflation rate
aspects for the future are yet seem im this country

exciting "

L06

m= -MANUFACTURING = = __RETAIL TRADE__
~ 16 ) | ww a
e" + $v
@ 105 | = ™ 105 =
> 8 f-- moeee oeen = >= —-. |
e TTITITTET ETI tTI IT - iTititeniit
0 -—-— MINING ~ —INFLATION
I —— p= cya £16 ~ t
® 130 — 19
: a) &
i on or r
> 100 : « =_——4 “4
- a — *0
CSERPET ETE EELEER EEE PERRET CTL CRE Es
1978 1979 1978 1979

HOW various sectors
have performed since
July 1978 on an index
basis. All the achieve-

ments were against a

much higher inflation
rate.

CSO: 4420

RHODESIA

AGRICULTURE MINISTER STATES PRIORITY

Land Resettlement

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 7

[Text }

ald a jpn

iW zl

at 4 43}
TEL

| fi
ts sii Gr ie
ag i sy fe it tee? wei
i el ft hal itt ci
iene Mest P| sl lia! i
Piet $35 4 mt de ‘if Ht #37
i He
al rb! i ‘i feu

Cartoon View
Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 16

[Text }

“FIVE hundred outstanding complainte—and they're all from mel” —__

CSO: 4420

109

RHODESIA

4y 481 i seat

* at Li itl al nip i
1328 Uf, lletntetil valle
pi ql ui Ee
a gibecalal at
. He ce i dp a i
; a: 2858
Pt fi is tl tl
eee iit i bea |
Ee HAnG eth tical
3S Bag yal be tt i

Further Details

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 3

[Text] The Secretary for Agriculture, Mr Edward Osborn, yesterday expanded

on his Ministry's new incentive bonus scheme for early maize deliveries
during the next two months.

Asked if the bonus of up to $10 a tonne would be passed on to the con-

sumer, Mr Osborn said: "No, it is more likely to be absorbed by the
exchequer."

The Ministry announced yesterday that following two consecutive years of
mid-season drought conditions, plus the dramatic increase in domestic
consumption recently, grain stocks held by the Grain Marketing Board will

fall to a low level during April and May, before the high maize delivery
period in Rhodesia.

As a precautionary measure, the GMB would accept an increase in the maize
moisture content up to and including May 16 from 12,5 percent to 15 percent.

Coupled with this would be the bonus for early deliveries to the GMB. This
would be $10 a tonne during the period April 1 to 30 inclusive, and $5 a
tonne for deliveries between May 1 and 31 inclusive.

Mr Osborn confirmed that the bonus would be financed by the taxpayer.
Explaining the present maize price structure, the secretary said the

previous Minister, Mr William Irvine, had announced a package of incentives
last August to encourage further maize production.

lll

In effect the interim price still applying for maize until the prescribed
price is gazetted next June will be the preplanting price of $75 a tonne.

Added to this is a $5 bonus on maize grown by farmers who had increased
their maize growing area by 15 percent beyond a minimum of 50 ha, bringing
the price to $80 a tonne.

Mr Osborn said strong representations had been made to the Ministry for
$80 to be paid on all maize deliveries, "but this is not possible as the
bonus of $5 is in the nature of a ccrtractual arrangement to be paid over
and above whatever price is finally prescribed."

This meant that if a maize grower qualif’ed for the $5 bonus, and depending
on his delivery time during the next month, he could receive a maximum of
$90 a tonne for his grain.

Drought Relief

Mr Osborn said that in the event of drought conditions being judged by
the Government to be sufficiently widespread, "drought relief will be
provided by it on the basis of reimbursement of maize production costs in
isolation from other farm activities."

But further discussions were needed within Government before any agree-
ment or announcement on drought relief could be made. He added that the
maize supply position for the year would be tight but nevertheless satis-
factory.

It had been estimated that deliveries would reach 800 000 tonnes this
marketing year which should be more than sufficient to meet the inflated
demands of domestic consumers who last year took 640 000 tonnes.

CSO: 4420

112

RHODESIA

FUEL-SAVING DEVICE PATENTED BY SALISBURY MAN

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 6

| Text }
BUR AN tig ciaim ie that the When the engine is id-
A SALIS Y MAN, unit will show an im- ling air Km # go
Mr Geoff Dixon of provement in fuel con- through the meths But
Athlone, has patented sumption of up to 25 per- when the engine is under
, cent, as he has shown load and requires more
a fuel-saving device over the months in the air, it is drawn through
which he hopes will Peugeot, but the saving the meths, into the filter
will d on the way cover where it mixes with”
eventually go into com- the car le driven. one fresh air, and then both
\ o through the filter itself
mercial production and me. X fitted the unit te eS: os gh a
sell for $10 retail. their cars have reported they meet the petrol va-
The principle of his de- smoother running but pour.
vice is and similar they have not yet had critical —— =
to others that it im- es heme af te Beem the at are the
proves combustion of the The basis of Mr ‘s of tu used to
air-fuel mixture im the prineiple is the use of Carry the ted air,
carburettor by tnoreasing me ted spirits, which and the extent to which
the oxygee content. con about 36 percent fresh air ip blocked off
His Peugeot 304 has oxygen, to improve ¢ar- from the filter.
neen — ba - the —_ a+ = Mr Dixon eatares A
since last an simplest form has these t
says consumption has im- unit om hig Peugeot con- Peugeot but stilt needa to
proved from 28 miles to a of a glass jar with a make adjustments to the
unit (not exactly a gal- sealed , Containing a Wolseley.
lon) to [5 — this is a 25 few of meths. Ap The unit uses about one
percent improvement. iniet tube draws air utre of meths to 18 Htres
Thig car has a Solex car- through the meths, and an of
burettor. outlet tube tak-s the Dixon has patented
But the figures for a methe vapour to a hole the principle, meths
second car, a Wolseley drilled im the atr filter or any other in this
1500 with an SU carb., are cover. country and Sough Africa,
from 28 m.p.u. to 32 ~ 8 The air intake in ene there is = intertm
14 percent improvement. the filter per- on world-wide use
te thinks the discrep- tially blocked ok in which has to be formally
ancy is due mainly to dif- this case with an old patented by the end of Oc-
ferences in the dimensions handkerchief — to contro) tober.
of the unit fixed to each the amourt of fresh air Mr Dixon said he has
car, end possibly to the entering the filter. sent details to the In-
different types of car- dustrial ry Cor-
burettor. But he believes po in , and
it will work with apy car- IDC hag sent them to
burettor, and aleo in @fése) Pretoria for testing. It
engines. hoped to get the results
by the end of the month,

113

ie que ath

ie ae

4420

CSO:

RHODES LA

ALRLINES FEAR AZR FARE MONOPOLY

Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 3

{Text |

as ee
sate ips fe nie 33* aH pe

it pees a Pei ee ef |
ee reel Hiotdh it At bh ile ;
ails? i ESE ptt i Me ey

ye
ii | Silt ineel

: af iis
sin2fayi#l, pans if : at

ne

a

bs

He nN i

<puegetasit 2H}

oie
cla
itl

4420

CSO:

L1i6

RHODESIA

oe v di 508% eT . rreatas GF! 73232
i: Ht i res Hl i
bit eh nie ‘iu a x f

ty ha a

companies in
wilhhen
mult
doing

fu
r lc
L17

S=té

ih . th i tly Lj
ile a si hae i.

see
—~
ano
$900 000
4420

UNION CARBIDE TO BUILD TECHNICAL COLLEGE
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 5
group

[Text }
CSO:

RESUMPTION OF CATTLE SALES IN TTL'S REPORTED
Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 2

[Text] A group of men stood near the cattle sale pen at Mayodobo, laughing
and talking among themselves as the last of the beasts were driven in.

Hundreds of others--owners and prospective buyers, family and friends--
milled about. A hubbub of conversation and movement gave a festive air
that overcame an early morning threat of rain.

Some of them had walked all the previous day from remote parts of the
Sansukwe Tribal Trust Land on the Botswana border, to be there, but no
one seemed to be tired.

But that was not surprising. Cattle sales are social events as much as
they are business. Men of means parade their wealth. Families come to-
gether.

This is all the more true now, after several years of war, during which
sales were rare or non-existent in some areas.

When Dale Curtis, District Commissioner of Bulalimangwe District, planned
sales for last week at Mayodobo, Brunapeg and Linda he could only guess
at the response.

He estimated 200 cattle would be brought to Mayodobo, but 250 were there

on Tuesday. The next day at Brunapeg, 25 km to the north, 100 were expected
and 232 showed up. In all 592 cattle were put on the scales at the three
sales and 580 were sold for $66 887.

All of that money went directly into the tribesmen's pockets. A 7,5 per-
cent levy was paid by the buyers.

"Some of these people were quite surprised at the prices they were getting.
They are quite a bit higher than they were several years back when some

of these people last brought in their cattle, and on top of that the 10
percent African Development Fund levy has been dropped," one Home Affairs
official said.

115

The buyers, some of whom came hundreds of kilometres, were in a bullish
mood, often paying up to $20 above the minimum bid made by the Cold
Storage Commission.

The average price per head was $115, as against $59 in 1974, the last
year in which TTL cattle sales were widespread. So far this year 10 058
cattle have been sold at a countrywide average of $86 a head.

"We expect to be back to normal by the end of the year if things continue
to go as they are now,” said Mr Colin Roberts, director of Marketing and
Co-operatives at the Ministry of Home Affairs.

"The dual effect of the war and the breakdown in veterinary health systems
that resulted from it have been a tremendous burden, one that has not yet
completely lifted. But the end is in sight.”

The sales figures tell the story. In 1974 tribespeople were paid $6,3
million for 108 264 head. In 1979 only 21 615 head were sold, bringing in
$1,5 million.

An estimated million head were either stolen or lost to disease during
the war.

"We have just had a large sale at Beitbridge which we would not have con-
sidered holding with the war situation as it was. In February we had the
first sales in three years at the Chigwedziwa and Sengwe sales pens in
Chiredzi District," Mr Roberts said.

There are 120 sales pens in the TTLs.

At a sale the animals are weighed and graded. A minimum price is then
set based on grade and weight. As a matter of policy, the Cold Storage
Commission representative bids this price for all but the inferior grades,
thereby guaranteeing the cattle owner a sale if he wants it.

The CSC, by far the largest purchaser at any sale, sometimes bids on
inferior cattle as well, Mr Roberts said.

The set prices range from $22 for a "runty" 135 kg inferior grade to $295
for a 750 kg top grade animal.

"You don't find many 750 kg beasts in the TTLs, but occasionally we get
some pretty big ones," Mr Roberts said.

CSO: 44620

119

RHODESIA

QUE QUE AWARDS WATER CONTRACTS

Salisbury THE HERALD-BUSINESS HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 1

[Text ]

i

Ht

i

pie

Ty 1
up iB

a as

dedi Sit
ae a

me il Mi

He i ci

4420

cso:

120

RHODES IA

RALL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT OPENS FOR BIDS

Salisbury THE HERALD-BUSINESS HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 1

[Text }

ina
ae ieee es ip nh
veny OL TE
5% it it ‘if re he iM =
af Malt able “ii reel
Ef
4
us ae aii md ie. add SEELSSes
-t2 meh: if 4 ret gated
sri tater ht tid
21 Hue viele geet di mal 5

RHODESIA

AFRICAN FARMERS TO PRESS FOR FARM OWNERSHIP
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 12
[Article by Cynthia Brodie: "The Idle Farms")
| Text ]

AFRICAN farmers are to ask Mr Mugabe's in-

coming Government to grant them 1 000
commercial farma from lend at present lying

idle on which they can eettle on a one man, one —— = om 2
farm basis by next summer, says the President eh with +. =
of the Zimbabwe National Farmers’ Union. Mr the present atructures
Gary Magadzire. food production et eal ae
Mr Megeteire, who & Mr Magadzire said Mr labour market.
chief apokesman for the Mugabe's at the OPPORTUNITIES
biack agricultural com- polls had ra the ex-
munity, said in an inter- tions of all African “However, he is full
view it was got the in- a. 2 aware of the hopes of the
tention of members of his and his party, on winning. — a m_, will
Union to ask for land and said: rad Cop te ay ~
presently being utilised by “We have been filled joyed in formerly white
white: with great joy and satis- farming areas.
= Rn were 4.5 mil- - is ality os Oe “Our aspiration is to
either unoccupied or not communit and the African farmers in what
being fully utilised, from nat arties. . . my were formeriy white
which the 1 000 Union wal cuppert the y~ phyh 7 Be
He came out strongl hilt... we look forward as our white coup-
against absentee land. to the future with great terparts, but nobody has
lords, and said: “We in- confidence believing we - i s, want a
tend recommending to the are gutag to Sie atin of Svatiabie to us ty the im
neoming Government in developmen pros-
no uncertain terms that perity im rural areas.” coming Government.
absentee landlords give up He continued: “We have “We have $000 farmers
— 4 ha Fd been to see Mr Mugabe SS Ss 2
realised that land many times. We know Areas (where
is MY ee Ay . what is at the back of his farmers own their proper-
— a on one onan mind. He acknowledges ties) hy Soar an
as a whole.” the present agricultural drew up pris oA in 1978 —

122

CSO:

4420

they ave the cream of our
farming community,

"Also, we hove 1000
farmers in the TTha
iwady to take over the
furmea left by the purchase
area tarmers

Me Magadzire said
there were about 10000
farmers living in the
Purchase Areas right
now, and his Union pro-
posed this number be in-
creased to 20 000

Asked about financing
for the above schemes, he
suid: “We are looking at a
financial institution to be
set up by the incoming
Government specifically
for land = re-distribution
and re-setliement — as a
matter of urgency. People
must be settled before we
go into the next summer

cropping seafon.”
In recent monthe, Mr
Magadrire's Union has

run into difficulties with
the Agricultural Finance
Corporation on the
uestion of loans for rural
armersa wanting to buy
large f.cma, With few ex-
ions, the AFC hase
_— to grant financial
aid.

NO MANDATE

Mr Magadzire who ownr
two farms being main!
interested in ranching a
eotton, said: “The AFC
has no mandate to —_—
its present method
lendng. which should be
commensurate with the
changing circumstances in
the country.

“It aske for a 40 per-
cent deposit on the total
cost of the farm. Moat of
the forma members of the
Union want to buy are
averaging $100 000. If one
is going to insist on that
40 percent, it will take
many years before you
have Africans going into
the commercial areas"

He endorsed irrigation
achemes like Chisumbanje
where 200 people have
heen settied on small
plots, and
taught to
ductively He
Chisumbanje could
eventually absorb 45000
farmers from the TTLa«.

Rince hia election last
week, Mr Mugabe hina
given the atamp of ap-
proval to the co-operative
or collective ayvatem of
farming.

Mr Magadsire said:
"Thin ta

aysiem of
African is by nature a
rogarious
ence our extended family
syetem. In my opinion, all
the Prime Minister is try-
ing to impress upon us is
the meed to see that the
kraaihend ssyatem ia
extended by
peop more closely in
heir day-to-day farming
problems. (Le. On 00-
operatives or collectives),

UNCERTAINTY

“We already have the
savings club aystem in
thie country, whereby
rural farmers club to-
gether to learn how to
grow crops, buy in bulk,
and market their
So the Prime rs
concept will probably fit
in with what we already

have, or will compare

favourably.”

There seems to be some
a]

to whether tive”

farming an it will be will
tised in Zimbabwe,
the same an “
tive” farming, or 1 the
two systema will be dia-
similar, but complemen-
tary

However, Mr Magadzire
anid Mr Mugabe was
aware of the present
systems prevailing in the
country — commercial
farming.
farming, farming,
and small-holder schemes
such as Chisumbanje —
and he did not intend to
destroy them.

He said: “As far as con-
fidence, trust, and mutual
understanding are con-
cerned, there can be no
question but that the in-
coming Government will
more than satisfactorily
fulfil these, but it is ex-
pecting too much to he-
lieve it will not do any-
thing to show change.”

RHODESIA

NEW MANAGER: '‘TILCOR SET TO MEET CHALLENGE’
Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 7

[Text] High priority will be given to agricultural development by the
new Government and the Tribal Trust Land Development Corporation--Tilcor--
is ready to meet that challenge, says the newly appointed general manager,
Mr Robbie Mupawose.

In an interview in Salisbury yesterday, Mr Mupawose, the first African to
hold the post, said once the incoming Government had defined its agricul-
tural policy, "we will be able to modify or adapt our own to theirs,
providing we get backing."

Tilcor already operates estates which are basically State-run farms as
well as peasant farming settlement schemes.

"We have been operating these for some time but they are not ideal. The
units are too small for sufficient crop rotation which results in a poor
economic return for the people, making them subsistence farmers and this
is not satisfactory," Mr Mupawose said.

On the question of collective farming as had been introduced in Tanzania
and other African countries following a socialist policy, he said this
would require investigation “but we do not see it as an obstruction to
agricultural development."

Born in Mondoro and educated at Goromonzi Secondary School, Mr Mupawose (44)
obtained his BSc degree in Lesotho and his Master's degree in agronomy at
the University of California.

He spent a year at the University of Maryland.

CSO: 4420

124

RHODES IA

BRIEFS

MORE ARMED CLASHES--Three women and a man have been murdered by armed
dissidents in the past week, Combined Operations reported in 4 communique
yesterday. The full test of the communique said: "Combined Operations
Headquarters reports that, during the past four days, security forces have
had 10 contacts with armed groups. During the same period, 244 dissidents
have submitted to, or have been captured by, security forces operating
jointly with ZANLA or ZIPRA officials. "In the Gokwe Tribal Trust Land,
security forces have located the bodies of three women who were murdered
within the past seven days. They had been shot and their throats were
cut. "In the Chinamora Tribal Trust Land, a man was abducted by an armed
group on Monday. On Wednesday, two men were taken from their homes in
the Kunzwi Tribal Trust Land, and yesterday a man was abducted from his
home in the Chitowa Purchase Land. "On Monday, in the Samenani Purchase
Land, a man was taken from a bus by two armed dissidents and shot dead."
[Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 1]

SUCCESS OF REVALUATION--This week's revaluation of the dollar has caused
bankers and financial analysts to take a cheerier look at the economic
picture. All agree that it was the best possible move. The main reason
was to dispose of the cross-rates gap. This was in danger of becoming so
wide that exporters could have made a tidy pile by quickly switching
between our currency, rand and American dollars. But behind this was the
need to take an anti-inflationary stand. The Reserve Bank considered both
other options available--devaluing against the rand or partly devaluing and
partly revaluing against all other currencies. The reason for not doing
either of these was because they would help inflation to some extent and
because of our future trading pattern. Although dependent in the short
term on mainly South African goods the country will more and more come to
trade with countries outside Africa and it is to these countries that the
monetary authorities are looking. Said an investment analyst this week:
"Imported inflation is the biggest cause of our rising prices." Some
people have stili suffered from the revaluation. Those who signed export
contracts before the move and those selling forward are the main losers,
particularly firms selling commodities. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD

in English 13 Mar 80 p 1]

125

PROTECTED VILLAGES OPENED--All protected villages in Rhodesia have been
opened and there will no longer be any restriction on inhabitants, except
in areas where a curfew still applies, ea spokesman for the Ministry of Home
Affairs said yesterday. Although the gates of the villages will not be
closed, the fences will not be dismantled, and the spokesman said the
"Protection forces" would remain in position for the time being because

of the presence of armed dissidents. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in
English 13 Mar 80 p 1]

NEW IDENTITY CARDS-~A new Zimbabwe identity card has been designed and will
be issued soon, Mr George Baverstock, production controller of the National
Registration Bureau, announced yesterday. But he stressed that the old
Rhodesian cards would still be valid. He said the Zimbabwe cards were
printed to "suit the new government and the new country." Mr Baverstock
predicted the "bulk" of registrations would be completed in three years.

A million people have registered since the scheme was launched two-and-a-
half years ago--and the number is swelling by up to 40 000 a month. He
said thousands of identity cards were awaiting collection at Magaba Shopping
Centre, Salisbury and other centres throughout the country. He appealed to
everyone who registered more than six weeks ago to collect their cards.

The temporary pink forms issued at registration are valid for only three
months. Mr Baverstock claimed detailed identity documents were necessary
for the Government to plan education and health needs. He said everyone
was required by law to register. [Text] [Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in
English 16 Mar 80 p 4]

CFU MEETING--It was time a Matabeleland farmer was vice-president of the
Commercial Farmers’ Union, so that in due course he could become the
president, Mr Geoff Jackson, president of the Matabeleland branch of the
CFU, said yesterday. The vice-president's post will fall vacant soon if,
as is virtually certain, Mr David Spain moves up to president, succeeding
Mr Denis Norman, now Minister of Agriculture. A CFU council meeting to
consider this and other matters will be held in Salisbury on April 1 and
2. “We would very much like a Matabele to take Mr Spain's place as vice-
president," Mr Jackson said. "It is a long time since a farmer from this
end of the country was in line for president." The last Matabeleland
president of the Rhodesia National Farmers’ Union, as the CFU was called,
was the late Mr Maurice Chennells. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in
English 15 Mar 80 p 5]

MISSING PERSONS PROBE--The Prime Minister, Mr Mugabe, has pledged to

look into the disappearance of nationalist and lawyer, Dr Edison Sithole,
his secretary and other missing people. Dr Sithole, publicity secretary

for Bishop Muzorewa's ANC, forerunner to the UANC, disappeared at the same
time as his teenage secretary, Miss Miriam Mhlanga, outside a Salisbury
hotel on October 16, 1975. Since then efforts backed by local and inter-
national financial, humanitarian and political bodies to trace the pair have
proved fruitless. In an interview at his Mount Pleasant home, Mr Mugabe
Says we will be interested to get some evidence as to what happened to

126

Dr Edison Sithole. All persons who have disappeared and have not been
accounted for become the concern of our Government. I would want to
believe that the previous government concerned itself with such cases. We
can always start by the evidence which they have." Among people missing
is the former publicity secretary for %ANU, Mr Joseph Masangomai. He and
his wife, Viola and their children have been missing since October 1978.
[Text] [Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 16 Mar 80 p 1]

ZANU PLEA-=-ZANU yesterday called on the new Government to "go across

party boundaries" in its search for qualified people to man the country's
industries and other sectors. Mr James Dzvova, publicity secretary, said
ZANU hoped Mr Mugabe's Government would not "simply chuck away" many
talented people in various parties who had failed to gain seats in the
election. "People are waiting for ZANU (PF) to remember those of their
colleagues in ZANU and other parties to be called upon to play their roles
in rebuilding Zimbabwe. "We would expect men such as the Rev. Ndabaningi
Sithole (the ZANU leader), Mr James Chikerema (ZDP president) and many
others from other parties to be called upon by the new Government to serve
in whatever capacity. "All these people are talented men with wide exper-
fence, and for ZANU (PF) to simply chuck them away or forget them would
not be in keeping with the spirit of reconciliation being espoused by

Mr Mugabe," he said. Dr Dzvova denied a report that Mr Sithole was "can-
vassing" for a Senate seat. "It is only that our ZANU (PF) colleagues
have won the election, and we are expecting to see real unity being forged
between the two parties." [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar
80 p 5]

MORE REFUGEE TRANSIT CAMPS--More transit stations are to be provided by

the churches for returning refugees who find they have no homes or families
left in the rural areas. Speaking in Salisbury yesterday, the secretary

of Heads of Denominations-~-a body of church leaders and representatives

of Christian organizations--Colonel David Ramsey of the Salvation Army,
said that at a meeting on Monday it had been decided that an additional

12 transit centres would be established. The Heads of Denominations
already operate 24 in various parts of the country where returning refugees
find shelter and food until they are able to return to their homes, or in
which they may remain indefinitely. "The refugee repatriation exercise has
not yet been resumed after being stopped before the election, but as soon
as it starts moving again we estimate we shall need about 12 more centres.
These will be especially needed in the case of aged, disabled or injured
refugees who will be the last to be returned home." [Text] [Salisbury

THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 4]

FRANCE ‘READY FOR OFFICIAL TIES‘--France is ready to establish official
relations with Rhodesia as soon as it becomes independent and to begin a
"fruitful dialogue" with this country, the French Prime Minister, Mr Raymond
Barre, has told Mr Robert Mugabe. The message from Paris was made avail-
able to the Herald yesterday by the recently arrived Consul General,

127

ee

Mr Daniel Jouannea., who has set up his offices in Salisbury. Conveying
hie “warmest congratulations" on the formation of the new Government, the
French Premier said: "I extend my sincere good wishes to you for the
successful completion of the difficult task facing you as leader of your
country at a time when it is entering a crucial period of ite history. “Tl
hope that the creation of the inatitutions of the new State, and the
unavoidable transformations through which it will pass, will take place

in a peaceful climate and with faith in the future." [Text] [Salisbury
THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 5]

STOCKTHEFTS AT SELUKWE--(attle rustling in the Selukwe district was not on
the wane, Mr George Andeison, stocktheft valuator for the Selukwe area
coordinating committee, said yesterday. He was commenting on the claim by
the chairman of the Cattle Producers’ Association, Mr Jim Sinclair, that
there had been a “vast improvement" in the situation in the Midlands since
the election. "All is not rosy, and this must be brought to the attention
of the authorities," Mr Anderson said. “One farmer has lost 234 cattle
since December, most of them stolen in the past two weeks. Another has
lost 107. "On Sunday, a farmer lost 57 but was able to get them back
before they reached Selukwe Tribal Trust Land, adjacent to the farming
area. “Once they get into the tribal trust land, there is no means of
recovering them." He said in the past year, farmers had lost about 4 000
cattle. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 4}

MRS CHITEPO RETURNS--After 17 years in exile Mrs Victoria Chitepo returned
home yesterday as Deputy Minister of Education and Culture--and a new life
: in Zimbabwe. She arrived in Salisbury on a charter flight from Maputo

with her daughter Thokolize (18). Asked how she felt to be back, she said:
"I'm dazed, speechless, but very happy to be back home after so long.” She
is the widow of Mr Herbert Chitepo, former national chairman of ZANU, who
died when his car was blown up in the drive of his home in Lusaka in 1975.
[Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English 14 Mar 80 p 1]

WHITE IMMIGRATION--More whites migrated to Rhodesia in January than in any
month since May 1978, according to official statistics published yester-
day. But at the same time more whites left the country than since June
last year, Iana reports. The statistics show 1 040 whites left Rhodesia
permanently in January, while 403 came in, leaving a net loss of 637. This
compares with a net loss of 1 073 in January 1979. [Text] [Salisbury THE
HERALD in English 13 Mar 80 p 1)

JOB CHANGE POLICIES--Commerce and Industry should take the lead in promoting
better job opportunities, conditions, merit advancement and decision-making
rights for Africans, rather than wait for Government action, the African
Sales Representatives’ Association says. In a statement, the secretary,

Mr Flavian Chinamo (above), said the 350-member association welcomed senti-
ments expressed by leaders of commerce and industry on the need for a change
of attitudes but “until now no meaningful change has ever come about."
Political and ecnomic considerations, and not merit had determined the
promotion of Africans, Mr Chinamo said. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in
English 13 Mar 80 p 7]

128

CHLHOTA FINED--An election candidate and leader of the National Democratic
Union, Henry Chihota, was found guilty on three counts of fraud by Mr Leighton
Gale at Salisbury Magistrates’ Court yesterday. He was sentenced to four
months’ jail on each of the first two charges, all conditionally suspended
for five years, and fined $150 on the third. On the first count Chihota

was alleged to have defrauded Mr Basil James of $600 in March 1977 by giving
him a poste-dated cheque that he knew would not be honored. On the second
count Chihota wae said to have defrauded Mr Lucas van Vuuren of $700 in the
same month. On May 23 last year Chihota was alleged to have issued a
cheque for $234,01 to T and D Motors, the company which had carried out
repairs to his motor car, also knowing it would not be honored. Chihota
pleaded not guilty to the charges. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English
13 Mar 80 p 2)

POLLCE CAMP DEATHS=-Fourteen people died at Chipinga Police camp on Monday
morning, Police believe as a result of eating contaminated food. A Salis-
bury Police spokesman said yesterday that eight men, three women, two 12-
year old boys and an 18-month old girl had died. "It is believed the cause
was contaminated food, but a full-scale investigation is being carried out,”
he said. He could not give names until next of kin had been informed and

he did not know in what capacity the 14 were at the camp. He said the men
were not policemen. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 80 p 7)

(NCIDENTS OF INTIMIDATION--Two incidents of intimidation by ZANU (PF)
supporters against those of the UANC were reported by Salisbury Police
Yesterday. On Thursday night a group of ZANU (PF) supporters entered a
number of houses in Glen Norah occupied by members of UANC. The occupants
were intimidated and the houses searched for UANC T-shirts. Earlier that
evening a woman UANC supporter was assaulted by two ZANU (PF) supporters,
who were also looking for UANC T-shirts, a Police spokesman said. [Text]
[Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 5)

CENSORSHIP BAN LIFTED--Restrictions on six publications have been lifted

by the Board of Censors, according to yesterday's Government Gazette.

They are: Marxism in the Twentieth Century, by Roger Garaudy; No Easy

Walk to Freedom, by Ruth First; The Panther and the Lash, by Langston

Hughes; Christianity Through African Eyes, by S.E.M. Pheko; By Any Means
Necessary: Speeches, Interviews and a Letter by Malcolm X, by George Breitman;
and The Day of Chaminuka, by William Rayner. They are the latest in a

list of publications previously designated undesirable or prohibited, which
have been released since the arrival of the Governor, Lord Soames. [Text]
[Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 3]

DATSUN ASSEMBLY SURVEY--Officials of the giant Japanese car manufacturers,
Datsun Nissan, visited Bulawayo yesterday as part of a survey into the
feasibility of assembling the company's products in Rhodesia. The general
manager for the African department of the company from Tokyo headquarters,
Mr N. Uchiyama, said his officials had talked to various business people
and the future for his business was very good. They were in Salisbury on

129

Tuesday. He said: "We are looking at local contacts for our products.

We will have to use the two existing assembly plants in Rhodesia at Umtali
and Salisbury which will be brought up to a high level with more employment
and other facilities." [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English 13 Mar
80 p 7)

MAIZE INDUSTRY--The chairman of the Commercial Grain Producers’ Association,
Mr Ted Tindle, yesterday described the early delivery bonus scheme for
maize as “marking a sad day for the maize industry." Mr Tindle said that
while there had been acknowledgement from the Ministry of Agriculture of
the seriousness of the situation and that certain action had been taken, it
was a tragedy that the warnings issued by organized agriculture and others
in recent years about the poor viability of maize production appear to have
been ignored. "This past policy has resulted in considerably reduced areas
planted to maize and has been a major factor leading to the need for the
early delivery incentive to meet shortfalls between last season's and

this season's crop supplies," he said in a statement. Mr Tindle said the
situation had been compounded by the drought during the 1978/79 season and
that the effects of the 1979/80 drought in maize-growing areas would be
felt early next year. He said the early delivery bonus was a disappointment
when related to the much higher alternative cost of importing maize, which
also involved the use of foreign currency. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD
in English 15 Mar 80 p 2)

CSO: 4420

"LE MONDE’ VIEWS BACKGROUND TO CANCELATION OF GISCARD SENEGAL VISIT
LD180809 Paris LE MONDE in French 16-17 Mar 80 p 2 LD

[Dispatch by Pierre Biarnes: “The Postponement of Mr Giescard d'Estaing's
Visit Seems To Convey a Certain Reserve Toward the Elysee's Policy")

[Text] Dakar--The official visit to Senegal which, at the beginning of
January, Mr Giscard d'Estaing had intended making during the first half-
year and which the French side had officially planned for the end of March,
has had to be postponed indefinitely at the request of the Dakar leaders,
who had themselves sought this visit.

The Senegalese officials apparently cited security problems in justification
of this request for postponement when Mr Journiac, who disappeared in an
accident in Cameroun shortly after, came to Dakar a few weeks ago to com-
plete the program for the visit. Ziguinchor, in the south of the country,
was then plunged into bloody riots and there were fears that the movement
might reach Dakar, and this, moreover, caused the cancelation of the brief
vieit to Senegal which Senate President Poher was to have made at that time.

In fact, t enegalese authorities’ fears were unfounded and more serious
reasons have led them to rethink this matter.

For a long time Mr Senghor--like Mr Houphouet-Boigny, apparently--has seemed
to believe that in his personal relations with his African counterparts the
French head of state has too openly favored his relations with newcomers

or with dubious personalities, to the detriment of old and sure friends of
the former mother country.

Apparently Mr Senghor saw a certain offhandedness in thie attitude. Clearly
well-informed of his feelings, Mr Chirac made use of a visit to Dakar last
month to turn the knife in the wound with a few well chosen phrases.

Moreover, several French diplomatic initiatives have not been appreciated
in Dakar. This was particularly the case with the asylum granted to Imam
Khomeyni at Neauphle-le-Chateau when the Senegalese president believed--
and still believes--that the West, on the contrary, should have done every-
thing to save the shah, to the point of bringing strong pressure to bear on

L31

the latter to make him change hie ways at the same time, This was aleo the
case with France's sudden change of direction over Angola, since Senegal

to thie day has etill not recognised the regime inetalled in Luanda with
Ruesian and Cuban help. Moreover, Dakar seems to believe that in the West
Sahara conflict Parie has shown too great a tendency to deal softly with
Algeria, whose “hegemonist sims" in the Sahel are periodically denounced
here.

Finally, and perhaps most seriously, Mr Senghor seems increasingly disap-
pointed by the former mother country's deliberate and etubborn Lack of
interest in ite "French commonwealth" plan.

On the one hand, France prefers to favor whatever can help private talks
with the African countries concerned (hence the progressive institutional ia-
tion of ite annual Franco-African summits) rather than to let itself be
launched into a vaster organization where ite influence would be in fatal
competition with that of Canada or Belgium,

On the other hand, President Giscard d'Estaing wishes to develop still more
his relations with the black continent's former British and Portuguese
colonies.

It remains, nevertheless, that apart from a certain annoyance, Dakar has

not lost sight of the paramount importance of French aid to Senegal and
that it does not attach too much importance to a monetary disappointment.

C80: 4400

i3e

ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES JEOPARDIZE SENEGALIZATION OF CAPITAL
Dakar AFRICA in French Feb 80 pp 67,68
[Article by Joel Decupper: "Is the Private Sector Strangled?")

[Text] The plan for economic and financial recovery implies that things
are not going very well in Senegal. And this ie for a very simple reason:
for many years more was spent than was produced. The many reasons are
well known, if not conceded. Their effect was masked for a while due to
the personal credit of the chief of state which enabled Senegal to receive
an appreciable contribution in international financing. But the years of
drought, the staggering rise in the price of oil and world-wide inflation
revealed the weakness in Senegal's production structures.

Courageously, the prime minister took note of the situation and drew up a
recovery plan, which he presented to the National Assembly in a masterly
manner. Our readers know the content. We wish to recall that his main
objectives are a short-term financial reorganization and a new middle
course momentum in the economy. The first is aimed at balancing public
finances, improving net foreign assets and reducing the global volume of
credit in the economy; the second tends to raise the rate of real growth
of the economy from an average 2.7 percent during the 1973/79 period to
4 percent beginning in 1982, which, taking into account the hypothesis of
a 9 percent rise in the cost of production, corresponds to an increase of
13.4 percent in assets per year.

A Different Course

For the enterprises this means that while waiting for this momentum, they
must go through a difficult time, the more tangible effects of which will
be a reduction in credits for the economy, 2.7 percent in 1980, which will
also weigh heavily on the commercial sector. With the exception of the
marginal operators who were profiting from the financial laxity, all the
economic operators approve the recovery plan, all the more so since they
were the first victims of the depreciation of the economic situation, and
by the same token they can hope to be the first to benefit from its
momentum.

133

They are therefore ready to participate in this recovery effort by stoically
accepting all the sacrif'ces which will be imposed on them. However, there
are many who fear that they will not be able to take these sacrifices in
stride due to the financial difficulties which they are already sustaining.
A tightening of credit, which they admit is fully justified, could engender
such difficulties for some of the enterprises that they would be forced to
close their doors.

In @ great many instances these financial difficulties are due to claims
against the etate for which the enterprises cannot obtain settlement within
the required time,

A 15 Billion Indebtedness to the "Private" Sector

For the principal commercial enterprises these bills reached 3.5 billions
as of 31 December covering invoices issued on 30 September, that is for a
period covering 90 days. More than 5 billions for industries and public
work enterprises should be added.

It should be noted that these 8 and a half billions concern only the enter-
prises which are comprised in the two professional groups. A few billions
due to the banks, (not including the BNDS [Senegal National Development
Kank) should be added, as well as a few other billions for the total
private sector, of which three are for a non-syndicated enterprise, 750
millions for another one, 500 millions and 250 millions for two other,*
which would bring the total debts of the state up to more than 15 billions.

The Minister's Figures

To the above the minister of finance replies that he owes only 3.5 billions.
He is certain that the enterprises do not make a distinction, as he does,
between the debts of the administrative services and those of the para-public
sector. At the same time the figures which we obtained during our investi-
gation take into consideration the supplies delivered and the work executed,
therefore financed by the enterprises, while the minister of finance deducted
only the debts of the state, registered under accounting and certification
procedures. He thus ignored the markets in suspense, the deductions which
did not go through, additional clauses which are not observed, computer
rejections for improper charges...which, in part, explain the difference
between his figures and those we showed.

Whatever the origin of these debts and the reason for the payment delays,
they are largely due to bank credit inflation. Which means that settlement
of their accounts would lead ipso facto to a reduction in their volume,

. me me ee

7

Only SONAFOR [National Company for Drilling] did not wish to reply. It
could be possible that the moneys owed by the state to this company are not
the sole source of their difficulties.

4

which ia one of the objectives of the recovery plan. Other positive conse-
quences: losing its reputation as a poor disbursing agent would make it
possible for the state to obtain more satisfactory prices. By the same
token it could recover the confidence necessary .or the large investments
which President Senghor had been able to obtain and which the present
financial difficulties have altered somewhat.

Strangulation

It therefore seems that this is the opportune moment for credits to be
mobiiized at the earliest and to audit the debts of the state and of the
para~public sector with respect to private enterprises. It is also necessary
that the state officials who are responsible at the various settlement
levels should perform their work more speedily and...conscientiously.

Failing this, the tightening of credit would only lead to the strangulation
of the enterprises, which would be followed by a succession of bankruptcies,
with consequences on employment which can well be imagined. Already,
numerous Senegalese enterprises are experiencing difficulties. Many yards
are idle. Some enterprises--not the smallest ones--which ha‘ alowed the
state to delay their payments in exchange for an increase in their overdrawn
bank accounts now find themselves in a very delicate situation. Some
investments have been deferred or cancelled. This points out the urgency

of the financial reorganization measures which are needed by private enter-
prises if one wishes particularly to infiect the trends of Senegal's economy
and protect the conditions requisite for real economic and social development.

The economic difficulties which Senegal is experiencing at the present time
seriously affect the policy of Senegalization of foreign enterprise capital.
For several years these were active with the blessing of the authorities.
After all, it was an empty blessing, since the successive ministers of
finance had always refused to take adequate measures to encourage nationals
to purchase shares of these companies. Consequently, the latter were
obliged more often than not to borrow from the banks to enable them to
acquire the shares which more and more enterprises were offering them.

Now, 2 years in succession--1977/78 and 1978/79--some of these enterprises
have registered very mediocre results, which makes it very difficult for
them to pay any dividends. In consequence, the Senegalese shareholders
who had been borrowing find themselves in a very delicate situation and
are trying to recuperate their outlays.

To attract Senegalese capital the enterprises should be able to pay their
shareholders a dividend of approximately 15 percent. Which one of these
enterprises can do this? At the present economic juncture, practically
none. Apparently, foreign capitalists are here to stay for a while.

7993
CSO: 4400

135

SENEGAL

MINISTER RESPONDS TO ANDE SOPI' ATTACKS
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 23-24 Feb 80 pp lL-2

/Article by Minister of Rural Development Djibril Sene: "The ANDE SOPI
Intellectual Deaf-Mutes"/

/Text/ Below, Djibril Sene, minister of rural development,
responds to an article which appeared in issue No 32 of
ANDE SOPI, titled: "Socialism in Word Only, and Failure
of Administration."

\NDE SOPI strongly attacked the minister of rural development, accusing him
of failing to respond to the oral questions asked him by the deputies during
the meeting of the National Assembly on 7 December 1979 and, as a consequence,
said he was of “questionable quality."

In response to the first accusation, it should be pointed out that the meeting,
which was devoted mainly to responses, lasted more than 1 1/2 hours. The
minister deliberately stated that he did not want to go into much detail about
ONCAD /National Office of Cooperation and Assistance for Development/ reform,
as the prime minister was planning to make a statement about it to the National
Assembly on 19 December.

It is obvious that an intellectual deaf-mute cannot appreciate oral debates.
We are grateful, however, to ANDE SOPI for having brought to our attention the
existence of this special class of citizen because they, too, should have the
opportunity to follow the proceedings of the National Assembly.

In consequence, the minister is going to take up pantomime. Of course, success
in this endeavor is not guaranteed--it is a difficult art to master, and one
for which he has no great talent. Poor Senegalese ministers! They are going
to become Jacks of all trades.

As for the "questionable quality" part, decency forbids comment.

136

Neverthelons, if thin Senegalese "Pouquler=Tlaville" had been good enough to

reveal bis identity, we could have proceeded dialectically to compare his
qualities with ours, taking ineplration from his qualities to improve our
own, Hut we were hopelessly condemned to failure in this attempt--absolutely

ind totally, What lack of generosity! That is very serious coming from a
Marxist, or in any event, from a Marxist sympathiser. Isn't Marxism's main
objective the total development of the individual--of all his qualities--
through an ongoing effort to improve himself and organize his environment?

The rest of the article is so garbled and confused that it is impossible to
respond to it. Perhaps the old Professor Collomb, if he were still around,
could have made sense of this frenzied amalgam of muddled and disconnected
ideas, but no one else can,

However, let it be said once agein (such repetition!) that ONCAD distributed
approximately 125,000 tons of ground nut seeds in 1979, and that in no case
does the cooperative's debt fall on the individual members.

In regard to the figures for SOSAP /expansion unknown/, ANDE SOPI's editor
would do well to consult the minutes of the National Assembly's 7 December
1979 meeting.

The strangest part of the article is the last part, where the prime minister's
statement to the National Assembly on 19 December 1979 is mentionned, and

then the minister of rural development is asked to answer for his colleague in
the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs on the subjects of the franc
zone, Senegal's balance of payments and so forth. A real mess, and not a
pretty one.

Descartes was wrong when he said that good sense is equally distributed among
men.

After reading the ANDE SOPI article, we feel compelled to say, along with
Musset: "This boisterous gaiety, so sad and so profound, should be the
cause of tears instead of laughter."

11935
Cso: 4400

SENEGAL

PDS CONVENTION HELD IN DAKAR

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 23-25 Feb 80 p 2

/Article: "Wade Proposes Democratic Alternation"/

(Text/ The tirst national convention of the Senegalese Democratic Party
was held yesterday in the El Mansour theater, in Dakar.

In his opening speech, Senegalese Democratic Party Secretary General Abdoulaye
Wade explained the significance of the party meeting, which was called "in
answer to the imperatives of Senegal's current political, social and economic
situation, which it behooves us to examine."

The national situation, Wade pointed out, has been marked by student strikes,
and "the crisis situation has revealed the play of forces between the various
political groupings, their plans for dealing with the current situation and
the serious risks of violent confrontation."

While attributing the deeper causes of the crisis to the machinations of the
government, which “is trying to hide behind a smoke screen," Wade said that
the Socialist Party's attitude was at the bottom of the discontent which is
discrediting the democratic experiment, and which it claims as a victory
over the PDS /Senegalese Democratic Party/.

The PDS secretary general also denounced the illegal tactics of the opposition
which, he claims, Lacking a real hold on the masses, is using to its advan-
tuge all the demonstrations of discontent and the confrontations between the
zovernment and the more disadvantaged segments of the population.

Comparing Senegal to a "sick person" which "Dr PDS" is trying to cure with
democratic alternation of power, Wade reiterated his appeal for the constitu-
tion of a National Front.

This front would be the result of free democratic elections, based on a
national program accepted by all parties. Its leadership would be turned
over to the winning party in the elections, which could be accepted alone, or
together with other parties.

138

The weneral policy resolution took up the broad outlines of Wade's opening
speech, on the national as well as the international level.

In reward to the international sphere, the National Council expressed its
grave concern over the hightened tensions between the superpowers in their
desire to gain hegemony and to destabilize the weak nations. He urged the
Third World countries to overcome their contradictions and strengthen the

solidarity between the people, in order to achieve harmonious development
and Lasting peace.

‘inally, the council begged for more horizontal cooperation in Africa,

rather than the vertical relations with the great powers which dominate
the world.

11935
CSO: 4400

139

SEYCHELLES

OVERPOPULATLON PREDICTED, FAMILY PLANNING URGED
Victoria NATION in English 5 Mar 80 p 2

[Text] People should adopt a more responsible attitude towards family
planning or the consequences of overpopulation in Seychelles by the year
2000 will be serious.

Among the dangers, if the republic's population rises to 100,000 as pre-
dicted, are an increase in malnutrition, less effective health care and
education, overcrowded housing and greater unemployment.

That is the message of a new booklet published by the Health Education
Unit of the Department of Health and the Statistics Division of the De-
partment of Finance. Titled Population Growth in the Seychelles, it shows
that the present age distribution--40 percent of the country's people are
under 15--forms a springboard for future growth.

The booklet calls on people to take advantage of the family planning fa-
cilities now available.

“Government policy towards family planning is set out in the National
Development Plan. There is absolutely no compulsion involved but the
Government wants to encourage responsibility in child-bearing," says the
booklet.

"Advice and assistance are being made available through the clinics and
an educational programme is going ahead to promote an understanding of
the benefits of family planning."

If a wide range of people space out their children, the predicted in-
crease in births may never happen.

The booklet is now available free of charge at the Statistics Office next
to Unity House. It has been published as part of the National Family
Health and Welfare Programme funded by the ~ e¢ Nations Fund for
Population Activities.

140
CSO: 4420

CHLLDREN GROW FOOD TO HELP SELF-SUFFICIENCY DRIVE

Victoria NATION in English 14 Mar 80 pp l, 2

l'Text|

GROWING your own food
is one way of making sure
your school meal tastes ¢s-
pecially good, and that is
exactly what pupils at two
schools on Mahe and one on
Praslin are now doing.
Gardening has become a fa-
miliar part of lessons in Sey-
chelles Schools since the be-

ginning of this term, but at
Anse Boileau and Baie Lezza-
re schools they are already
old hands at the game _ with
flourishing vegetable plots
to prove it. And their woxk
is a valuable contribution to
the yovernment’s _ self-suffi-
ciency drive,

At Baie Lazare, where 48

SEYCHELLES

boys from 12-15 years old
work the terraced garden, the
next big harvest is only 15
deys away and a fine crop
of cucumber, beans and let-
tuce is expected.

At Anse Boileau, where
about 120 boys take part,
they are ~=—_ only just

starting the garden up again after the last crops back in October, but
already there are rows of yams, sweet potato and aubergine (brenzel) coming

along well.

Both schools cook vegetables from the gardens for the children's school

meals and any surplus is sold to the meals centre in Victoria.

A fifth

of the money is kept to buy tools and seeds--the rest goes back to the

pupils themselves.

In this way the boys get some reward for their efforts

and learn what is involved in the business of farming.

The gardening instructor in charge of both projects is Mr Gonzague Brutus,

who is understandably proud of the work done so far.

"Some of the boys are very keen; several have told us they would like to
make farming their career," he says.

"We have managed to get quite a good surplus of vegetables to sell to the

meals centre.

benefit from the work they do."

141

I think it is important that the boys get some sort of

Mra Lise Albert, headmis:ress of Baie Lazare school, has watched the
garden flourish since it was carved out of the hillside towards the end
of 1978,

“The boys have done very well and we've had a few girls too taking an
interest in what's been going on. Lf more girls become really inter-
ested, we'll let them join the classes," she says.

Apart trom the hard work out in the garden, the pupils also learn the
theory of farming--how to spray crops, how to tend pigs and cows. Once
a week they go out on a farm visit so they can see what they are doing
well or badly.

A similar food growing scheme is going ahead at Grand Anse, Praslin and
Mr Brutus hopes to have a garden going soon at Takamaka.

CSO: 4420

SEYCHELLES

EXPERIMENTAL MAIZE CULTIVATION PROJECT PROVES SUCCESSFUL
Victoria NATION in English 13 Mar 80 pp 1, 2

[Text! Success in recent trial growth of maize has shown that it can
become an important crop in Seychelles, thus boosting the government
policies of self-sufficiency in food.

Good crops at the Grand Anse experimental station and the Beau Vallon
State Farm have proved that maize is suited to local conditions and can
produce good yields.

Now there are plans to grow it on a large scale on the four islands of
Astove, Coetivy, Desroches and Farquhar. At first it will be used on
these islands as part of the stock feeding programme but later it is
hoped a surplus can be shipped back to Mahe.

Cultivation of maize in Seychelles goes back at least 40 years and during
the Second World War it was widely eaten when rice was scarce. Then it
was allowed to die out as more and more rice and wheat were imported.

Though agricultural experts doubt whether Seychelles will eat it in great
quantity as a staple diet there is new hope that “corn on the cob” will
catch on as a valuable addition to the people's diet. Recently 1,381
cobs from the Beau Vallon farm were sold very quickly in Victoria Market,
showing that people will buy at the right price.

The hybrid type now being grown can, in fact, be used either as sweetcorn
or animal feed.

Mr Cliff Adam, Chief Research Officer based at the Grand Anse experimental
and food production centre, explained the value of maize as a stock feed.

“We had a good crop here and it came in very useful for feeding our cattle
when we ran out of other food. We just put it in our chipping machine,
stalks and all; it was very successful."

143

Though maize has been grown in several places on Mahe, including a small
amount on the state farm at Anse Aux Pins, most of it will be grown on
the outer talands in future. Maize needa a lot of organic manure to grow
really well and the tslanda, with their guano supplies, can provide it.

In the past outer islands have been looking almost exclusively to coconuts
but their value for other crops is now being realised. If the coconuts
are planted wider apart, maize can be grown between them--it can also be
grown between mango trees, as at Beau Vallon.

Maize will never become the staple diet of livestock in Seychelles--for e
sheer bulk it cannot compete with elephant grass which crops much quicker--
but it is a valuable source of protein. And anything that can help to

build up the country's stocks of animals is truly valuable.

As far as food for people to eat is concerned, the research staff at
Grand Anse are still pinning their hopes on root crops. Successful
trials are going ahead with different strains of sweet potato, cassava
and yam.

But that's another story which NATION will be following in later issues.

CSO: 4420

SEYCHELLES

CLNNAMON TO BECOME KEY EXPORT
Victoria NATION in English 6 Mar 80 pp 1, 2

[Text] Cinnamon looks set to become a key export of Seychelles once
again. For the past five years it has declined in importance but now
Mr Robert Dunning, a marketing consultant for the International Trade
Centre (ITC) of Geneva, says: "I think you have a very good chance of
increasing your exports considerably." Mr Dunning is on a ten-day visit
to Seychelles, working with the Department of Agriculture to assess the
potential of a revived cinnamon industry in the islands.

In a recent study carried out by the ITC entitled "Spices: a world
market survey," which covered 29 major markets for spices, it was shown
that imports by these countries grew significantly during 1971-75.

To date this trend has continued, giving the chance to producing countries
to develop their spice industries further.

Since 1975 local cinnamon exports have decreased from 1,100 tons to 570
tons in 1978.

But during a spice seminar and consultations undertaken by the ITC in
Seychelles in 1978, participants emphasised the importance of cinnamon
and concluded that international aid was necessary to further develop the
industry, particularly in the areas of marketing and quality control.

A proposal to this effect was submitted last year and finance given by
the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to carry out an assess-
ment of the present status of the cinnamon industry. This would include
a look into the supply and potential, both in terms of production and
export availability.

This is the work being done by Mr Dunning. Talking to NATION about the
progress of this study, he said he hoped to submit his final report by
the end of March, noting that Seychelles already had plenty of cinnamon
to be harvested and treated for export.

145

He said local cinnamon
was of good quality, having
&@ good oil content which in
turn gave out a distinct fla.
vour although improper
treating sometimes gave i
an acidic taste.

Should the results of the

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Victoria NATION in English 11 Mar 80 p 1

[Excerpts]
HE first week of Gov-
emment’s full employ-
ment scheme was a_ clear
success with 20]
signing on for work bast Fri-
day compared with 72 on
the first day.

The number of unemploy-
ed people wanting jobs is

that around 230 workers
were taken on.
This unique scheme

first announced by President
Rene in his 1980 Budget Ad-
dress -- is being paid out of
Social Security funds.

Even more people are like-
ly to take part next week
with the opening of two new
assembly points on Monday
March 17. They will be on
the new football field next to
the Beau Vallon Bay Hotel,
and at Grand Anse, at the

junction of the La Misere
road.

Explaining this move, the
project co-ordinator said
there was quite a large labour
force in Bel Ombre and it was
better to employ them locally

than bring them over to Vic
toria. The Grand Anse as-
sembly point should serve
both that community and
Port Glaud.

So far much valuable work
had been done by the labour
teams. Real progress has been
made on tidying the tip at
La Retraite, work has begun
on clearing sites for houses
at La Gogue and in Victoria
the impact of general cleaning
and cutting of undergrowth
can be clearly seen.

On Revolution Avenue a
27-inch deep storm culvert
has been opened up and clea-
red of 25 inches of silt.

Further south in the Pointe
La Rue area, which is noto-
rious for floods, work is
going on to clean out the
whole system of drainage gut-
ters.

The organisation of the full
employment scheme is work-
ing well so far. People are
turning up in good time so
that work can start
at 7.00 a.m. and they are be-
ing paid promptly at 12 noon
~- R. 20 for the morning's
work.

147

SEYCHELLES

The project co-ordinator
explained that the scheme is
intended to give a genuinely
unemployed person
money to support his or her
family. It is not meant to be
an alternative to a fulltime
job, but as something to tide
him or her over until he or
she gets a regular job.

People are reminded that
before they can be given
work they must have a job-
seeker’s card to show they

the bandstand at the
cost housing estate ;
Boileau, opposite the old cli-
nic; Quatre Bornes,
police station.

SEYCHELLES

AGRICULTURE MINISTER OPTIMISTIC ABOUT REGIONAL COOPERATION
Victoria NATION in English 8 Mar 80 pp 1, 2

[Text] The Minister of State responsible for Agriculture, Mr Karl St Ange,
returned on Thursday night from fact-finding missions to Mauritius, India
and Australia, convinced that regional cooperation would act as a catalyst
to small industries in the agricultural sector.

\
Accompanied by his Principal Secretary, Mr Serge Savy, Mr St Ange first
spent two days inspecting Mauritius’ fish canning industry. The impor-
tance of this visit is underlined by the fact that canning will be the
second phase of our own tuna fishing industry once the necessary steady
supply of fish is guaranteed.

Minister St Ange: "Regional cooperation is necessary for the benefit of
us all."

They then spent ten days in India closely examining the sub-continent's
progress in the sphere of small and secondary industries and holding
cooperation talks.

Confining most of — their
visit to southern India,
which has similar climatic
conditions to Seychelles,
Mr. St. Ange and Mr Savy
travelled extensively visiting
small industries in centres
ranging from Delhi in the
north. to Bombay and Co
chin on the west coast. Me
dras on the east coast and
Trivandrum at the southern-
most tip.

Much of the trip was
snent studving India’s pro-
gress in setting up a com
prehensive coconut industry
that ensures that hardly anv-
thine goes to waste. As well
as the orimary refined coco
nut oil industrv, the Sey-
chellois team also inspected
secondary industries pro
ducing such thines as hats.
house and car mats and cus-
hions out of coconut coir.

cso:

“Alter seeing what can be
done and mostly without re
course to sophisticated or
expensive equipment, we
hope to launch very seri
ously into the development
of a similar coconut indus-
trial setup in the not too dis-
tant future,” said Minister
St. Ange.

As for Indian cooperation
in this sphere the Minister
noted that Seychelles could
certainly benefit . from such
help as there was still much
room for improvement right
from the grass roots, “We
still have to improve our
cultivation and production of
coconuts” he pointed out.

With Mr. Savy, the Mini-
ter also looked into India’s
experience in the produc-
tion of fruit preserves such
as chutneys, pickles, jams,
tinned fruit and juices.

4420

149

“| am sure that as our
production increases with
more efficient cultivation
and, in particular, the setting
up of the Beau Vallon state
fruit. farm, and if we master
the preservation techniques

which are not as complex
us they appear we can
achieve self sufficiency in
quite a few agricultural pro-
ducts”, Mr. St Ange said.

Following the Indian tour
Minister St. Ange was join-
ed in Bombay by Dr.
Maxime Ferrari, the Minis-
er for Planning and Develop- |
ment. While Mr. Savy re
turned to Mahe, the two
ministers went on to Perth,
Australia, for the Indian
Ocean Fisheries Commission
(IOFC) conference,

SEYCHELLES

OLL EXPLORATION EFFORT DESCRIBED
Victoria NATION in English 10 Mar 80 pp l, 8

[Excerpts] The two-year-old search for oil in Seychelles waters enters
its final stages this month with the ‘Western Beach,' an AMOCO Seychelles
Ltd chartered seismic survey ship, now sounding the sea-bed of our conti-
nental shelf.

The 22-man vessel arrived in the Republic a few days ago, and her work in
Seychelles’ waters is expected to last around three to four weeks. During
that time she will be in touch with AMOCO headquarters on Mahe via the

Bon Espoir telecommunications centre and call in at Port Victoria once or
twice.

To help the seismographic ship choose the best lines in which to set off
shots, radio beacons are set up on land. In Seychelles, one beacon is be-
hind Sunset Hotel at Glacis, another is on Bird Island to the northwest and
a third on Platte Island to the southwest. By keeping in contact with
those and using a satellite, the seismic ship can find the best line and
also keep accurately on course.

Oil exploration in Seychelles first started in 1977 when a four-party
group of oil companies signed a petroleum agreement with the Government
on June 30, 1977. The group included Burmah Oil (Seychelles) Petroleum
Company, Norcen International Limited, Hematite Petroleum (Seychelles)
Limited and AMOCO (Seychelles) Ltd.

Exclusive rights were granted to the group to explore for oil in 24 off-
shore blocks with a total area of 16,440 sq kilometres.

Seismographic surveys began soon after and by January 1978, 2,553 sq
kilometres were completed.

In June 1978 the first payment for oil exploration was made on behalf of
Burmah. Mr Maurice L. Lee, a director and also manager of the exploration
unit, said then that some anomalies in the sedimentary sections of the areas
explored had been identified and were being investigated but it was too
early to say whether economically recoverable oil existed.

150

In November 1978, the exploration area was extended to 26 blocks (17,810
sq. kilometres).

In June 1979 AMOCO notified the Government that it had acquired the inter-
ests of the other members of the group to enter the next and more devel-
oped phase of exploration,

In July, Mr George Trump, exploration supervisor of AMOCO and Mr Maurice
Lee, director of Burmah made progress reports to President France Albert
Rene and other Government officials. During the talks Mr Trump said
AMOCO would shortly select a drilling area and the mobilizing of equip-
ment would start.

In January this year a warehouse ship, the Wareship Two, arrived in the
Republic with all the technical equipment and supplies for the project.
The engineless vessel was towed from Houston, Texas by the workboat Ramsey
Tide and will be used as a supply b: or the drill-ship expected in the
near future.

The seismographic ship Western Beach followed.

The next arrival will be that of the drill-ship, the Diamond M Dragon.
She is now in Singapore being overhauled and taking on provisions for
the voyage to Seychelles, which will take about 22 days. The drill-ship
will be accompanied by another workboat, the Force Tide, and a 14-seat
helicopter.

Meanwhile, with a possible oil discovery in mind, the Ministry of Educa-
tion and Information is offering scholarships in petroleum chemistry

and oil refinement, oil drilling and production; geology and geophysics.
The aim is to prepare qualified Seychellois manpower for the highly tech-
nical industry that would evolve with the discovery and exploitation of
o{fl resources.

CSO: 4420

SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION--Electricity used in Seychelles was almost 14 per-
cent up in 1978 on the previous year, according to the latest figures
released by the Electricity Division. Its annual report for 1978 shows
that the bi » sft increase was in the domestic sector, with an increase in
sales ef 16.25 percent. The industrial and commercial sector showed a 9.85
percent increase on 1977. The total number of consumers at the end of the
year was 7/290 against 6626--an increase of 10 percent. The total of bills
rendered during 1978 was R 20,532,084 compared with R 17,709,417 the pre-
vious year. [Text] [Victoria NATION in English 13 Mar 80 p 2]

DEFENSE MINISTER RETURNS--The Minister for Defence, Mr Ogilvy Berlouis
returned home last night from a visit to the Middle East. Mr Berlouis
left at the end of last month. [Text] [Victoria NATION in English

1l Mar 80 p 1]

AIRPORT ROAD REPAIRS--Work on repairing the airport to Victoria East Coast
Road is now making more rapid progress with the introduction of a tarring
machine. Purchased from Costain Civil Engineering Ltd by the government,
the road surfacing machine works much faster than the previous hand method
and is capable of tarring up to more than a mile a day. Unfortunately
however, this amount of work is not yet possible due to the lack of bitu-
minous tar needed. Tar-making machinery at the Public Work's Division's
Road Section depot at Petit Paris, whilst producing enough bitumen for the
hand method, apparently cannot for the moment meet the demand of the
machine. As a result only about 170 metres of road is now being tarred

a day. [Excerpt] [Victoria NATION in English 12 Mar 80 p 1}

SWA DELEGATION--Two members of the three-woman delegation who left Sey-
chelles at the end of last month to attend the Pan African Women's Organ-
isation Conference in Libya returned to the Republic yesterday afternoon.
They are Mrs Jessy Freminot, Assistant Secretary and Mrs Rita Savy, Trea-
surer of the Seychelles Women's Association (SWA). The conference
comprised of three commissions. The first dealt with political aspects
and examined plans of action on the status of women; the second discussed
the programme of PAWO in economic social and cultural fields for the coming

152

four years; and the third one examined the body's financial position.
The Pan African Women's Organisation was founded in July 1962 in Dar-es-
Salaam, Tanzania. Its main aim is to regroup all women's organisations.
the head of the delegation, Mrs Sylvette Frichot, who is the Vice-
Chairman of SWA, has stayed on to attend to other matters of the Asso-
ciation and will be returning next week. [Text] [Victoria NATION in
English 14 Mar 80 p 2]

CSO; 4420

SOUTH AFRICA

PRIM& MINISTER BOTHA CALLS FOR SUPPORT OF NP POLICY
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 18 Mar 80 p 6
|Bditorial: “The National Direction" |

pteat The agitation which has occurred recently within the National Party
NP | with regard to policy, has probably raised questions in the minds of
some party supporters about the direction which the party and its leaders
have taken. During his address on national sports day in Stellenbosch, the
prime minister gave them an unequivocal answer.

Mr P.W. Botha told about one of his voters who wanted to know whether he

is still following the course which the National Party members believed he
should follow. His response was that the voter should not worry about his
course as prime minister (and chief leader of the National Party). And then
he added this significant sentence: "But if it is necessary to divert the
path of this course, then I will do it."

Just as each of the National Party prime ministez since D.F. Malan has more
or less diverted this path according to his own perceptions and with the
support of the party congresses, Mr Botha will also have to pave new ways
in order to be able to comply with the demands of his time.

Aside from the assurances which Mr Botha provided with regard to the course
of the National Party under his leadership and his emphasis on the need for
renewal in South Africa's movement toward the future, he once again indi-
cated within what limits he is willing to move and to allow changes in di-
rection. This is contained in the 12 policy positions which he spelled out
in August of last year and for which he received the support of all the

party congresses.

Those who are not willing to accept this would do better to leave the
party, because then such persons do not belong in the National Party, said
Mr Botha. He encouraged doubters to read the 12 items one more time care-
fully and to acquaint themselves with their contents -- only after that
will they have to make a decision as to whether they can support him and

his party.

154

This is an implacable condition which the prime minister has stipulated.

Let no one have any doubts about this. Because it is so important for mem-
bers of the National Party to understand the 12 items, DIE BURGER is pu-
blishing them again today on the next page. We are confident that the offi-
cial party representatives will help to properly inform or instruct those
supporters who have doubts or who have problems with it.

3463
SO: 4408

159

SOUTH AFRICA

HOMELAND LEADERS CRITICIZE BOTHA POLICY

Qua-Qua Leader Mopeli's Statement
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 Mar 80 p 3
|Article by Lawrence Mayekiso|

[Text] Chief Kenneth Mopeli, Chief Minister of Qwa-Qwa, warned yee «erday
"It is a matter of time before Blacks take over the government of the
country.”

He was speaking in Soweto at the commemoration ceremony of the death of
Chief Moshesh, the founder of the Basotho nation.

"Ll have refused independence because the whole of South Africa belongs to
the Blacks," he said.

Chief Mopeli was calling for Black unity and the rejection of the policies
of the present government.

He said Blacks should refuse to be channeled to specific sections of
South Africa because they belonged to all of South Africa.

Rejecting what he called the reformist policies of the present Prime
Minister, Mr P.W. Botha, he said: ‘We do not want reforms but quite a
change towards the normalisation of life in South Africa.

He was speaking in Soweto at the commemoration ceremony of the death of
Chief Moshesh, the founder of the Basotho nation.

He is Chief Mosheshe's great-grandson.

without uincing his words, he invited the Press and the radio to record
his speech when he said: "I am tired of talking to people who will not
listen.”

“If they (the government) had listened to us, the 1976 riote would have
been avoided.”

156

le warned that so long as the White government of the country continued
to diareyard advice trom tlack leaders, South Africa would eventually
leche tor oa tloaek «nd White controntatton,

biydop bis audience to reject the homeland polletes of the povernment,
he appedbed te them to aim at national unity and dterenerd their tribal
bit tt iat bone

come of you are gotne to say | am irrelevant because | am talking from
i homeland plattorm. Yes, | am using a homeland platform to fight apar-

theid.” he continued,

Chiet Mopell thinks the policies of the government are not uniform inso-
lar as the administration of Blacks is concerned,

le pototed out that Black elections under the community councils system
were nontribal but tribalism was being forced upon Blacks in homeland
falling on teaders of nonindependent homelands to reject homeland inde-

endence, he said:

"Thy fyoveromont oltictals) call on me every time to plead with me to
opt independence for my homeland.

“They tell me that under an independent Qwa-Qwa | will be President earn-
inn Rh OOO a month and that a casino will be built in my homeland.

ive refused independence because the whole of South Africa belongs to
\ddressing himself to White SouthAfrica, he said: “It is a question of
time betore Blacks take over the government of the country.

Statement by Lebowa Leader

hannesbur rHeE CITIZEN in English 18 Mar 80 p 7

\rticle by Lawrence Mayekiso]

xt A NORTHERN Transvaal consequently, should fall
homeland leader is claiming under py a home
a number of towns in the land,” he said.
area as being part of his He endorsed a cal] made on
homeland. Sunday in Soweto by Chief
Dr Cedric Phatudi, Chief Kenneth Mopeli, Chief
Minister of Lebowa, said Minister of Qwa - Qwa, that
yesterday that the towns the South African Govern-
were “islands” surrounded ment should stop White
by his homeland domination over Blacks
ah “aSaning” prs te gree with Chiat Mops
the towns are [ows and.

Bt 3
i Hl | if
i Ht

cae
Pi
i che

! i

bs Fatldies

ka a
aa iat i

4420

SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA CLARIFIES ‘STATE CONFERENCE' REFERENCE
‘DIE BURGER' Interview
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 80 p 9

[Text| Cape Town.--The state conference concept of the Prime Minister,

Mr P.W. Botha, was no constitutional conference but a forum for consul-

tation between states participating in a constellation of Southern Afri-
can states.

This was revealed in an interview with Mr Botha published in DIE BURGER
yesterday in which the Prime Minister said he wanted to clear up an
apparent misinterpretation of his reference to a states conference when
he spoke in the Cape Town city hall on Saturday, March 8.

The impression had been created that he had made a new policy announce-
ment which would imply that urban Blacks would have a say in the consti-
tutional future of Whites, he said.

The Prime Minister told DIE BURGER he had said nothing new about a states
conference in his sreech. His viewpoint remained unchanged since his
announcements during his homelands tour last August.

‘The fact is that a states conference will be the body within which the
constellation of Southern African states will discuss matters of common
interest. Each participant will be sovereignly independent and will not
be able to dictate laws to or take decisions for another.

“It will have nothing whatever to do with constitutional futures and
national conventions,” Mr Botha said.

"Blacks will have representation through their independent states, but
Blacks living outside the national states will be able to participate
within the framework of the states conference."

Nuring the predecessor's time it had been announced that urban Blacks
would get local government of a higher status than municipalities and
‘hese could in some coordinated form participate in the states conference.

159

ihe envisaged president's council with Indian and Coloured participation-
pproved in the 1977 elections--was before the Schlebusch Constitutional
Commtioston aml this commission's recommendations were being awaited,

it is yenerally expected that the Schlebusch Commission is to present an
interim report shortly. -<SAPA,

Botha on 12 Points

lohannmesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 Mar 80 p 9

''*'| S$TELLENBOSCH-
.—National Part

members who ha

challenges

12-point
coat im. arty
and ‘that ro
not
on hatred Siverted It, and must
Much remained a oe, he
South Africa does not agree the
true freedom plan.”
“The N ust in world that weeks Integr
a
remain 4 —— in politics and looks
for South It from Marxism,” Mr
always been « party of re Botha said. — Sape
Hendrickse Comment
liohannmeshburgy THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 80 p ]
SS _ Lag Bay ae Mr wt was com-
the Labour Party, men on interview
Alan yesterday with Me Botha published
offered the Prime Minister, yesterday in Die Burger
Mr P W Botha, the full He said: “Sooner or later
backing of elected Coloured all of us will have to find a
leaders if he allowed all race common constitutional fu-
groups to decide together on ture t Once again we
the country's constitutional offer Botha our support
future in towards such a
But, he said, if Mr Botha goal. But he must
went ahead with plans to that we are all in this
reach separate constitution- together
al agreements with racially Our views must be taken
imto account. T we

ay

¥ t |

VERSONS COUNCLL BILL DEBATED

shure THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 80 p 7

CAPE TOWN. — The
Minister of a

ty Developmen
—+_ on
Coloured leaders yes-

t to serve on the
new aloured Persons

Introducing the South Af-
rican Coloured Persons
Council Bill in the Senate,
lr Steyn said the Coloured
Persons Representative
Council was being scr
at the insistence of
— of its members.

> would serve as an
interim body until more clar-
ity had been reached on a
new constitutional .
tion or until an
could be organised for a new
Coloured Council.

No-one claimed that the
new Council would be f
satisfactory as a_ poli
instrument, Mr Steyn said.

It was the Government's
earnest ——— . create a
new constitutiona -
tion in South Adrica otter
suited to its particular needs.

In the interim period, the
CPC could help eliminate
tee ny and ~Y *
stra problems in -

agriculture

SOUTH AFRICA

institution was a substitute
for a direct say in the central!
Parliament.

Sen Horak said he had
, " that the
Schlebusch Commission

satisfactory
settlement.

"

SOUTH AFRICA

VLLJOEN ADDRESSES OPENING OF LEBOWA ASSEMBLY
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Mar 80 p 7

[Text] Seshego.--An announcement can be expected soon about a commission
of inquiry into irregularities in the Lebowa Department of Finance and
Economic Affairs, said the State President, Mr Marais Viljoen, yesterday.

Opening the third session of the third Lebowa Legislative Assembly, the
State President said: "I am told that your Legislative Assembly has
adopted a motion requesting me to appoint a commission of inquiry into
certain irregularities in your Department of Finance and Economic Affairs.
l am considering the matter at present, and an announcement in this regard
can be expected shortly.”

The South African Government had always been prepared to contribute towards
the welfare and development of Lebowa within the limits of the finances
at its disposal, the State President said.

During the past financial year additional finance assistance was provided
for the control of malaria, foot-and-mouth disease and sheep-scab, and an
amount of about R1,5 million was provided for the relief of drought
distress.

"But, ' the State President said, “if the South African Government shows
that it is earnestly trying to help you, it is only reasonble to expect
that you will also be earnest and willing in your own efforts to contribute
your fair share and that you wiil take positive steps to increase your own
revenue to the extent where it can also serve as a source of funds for the
increasing development in your country."

The State President said he was particularly impressed by the phenomenal
progress in education in Lebowa.

There has been a great increase in the number of schools, pupils, teachers
and administrative staff since 1970. Today 448 600 pupils are being taught
by 6 600 trained teachers in the approximately 950 primary schools--almost
double the 1970 figure.

In 1970 there were only 38 secondary schools in Lebowa, only six of which
had matriculation classes.

162

CSO: 4420

SOUTH AFRICA

fORMER PRESIDENT VORSTER'S SPEECH CRITICIZED
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 14 Mar 80 p 12
_Bditorial: “Mr B.J. Vorster" |

Text | It is unfortunate that the evening before last, former President
Vorster made a speech in Bloemfontein which could be subject to a certain
interpretation.

However he may have meant it, there are passages in it which will inevitably
ve seized upon as criticism of the current administrative policy of the
government.

O18 BURGER has the greatest regard for Mr Vorster. This is proven by, among
other things, the editorial which appeared in this newspaper at the time of
his retirement. It is precisely for this reason that we hope that the im-
pression will be avoided that, as retired head of state, he is making com-
ments from the sidelines about government policy.

when a man accepts the office of national president, it is expected that he
will give up the right to make statements about political questions -- not
only for the period during which he holds the office, but also afterwards.
In the South African constitutional order, no head of state or former head
of state has ever directly or by implication involved himself with the
policy of the government of the day.

we do not want to comment onthe merits of the matters raised by Mr Vorster,
except to say that different circumstances require different approaches.

As prime minister, Mr Vorster himself adapted government policy to changed
circumstances to such an extent that people who objected to it left the
National Party. In those days the tradition had already been established
that a former head of state cannot use his authority to make comments about
controversial issues for which he is no longer responsible.

‘ince Mr Vorster's retirement, circumstances have changed even more rapidly
than in the days when he was prime minister. This makes even more far-
reaching reforms vitally important, and his successor deserves the opportu-
nity to handle this in accordance with his own convictions.

263
CSO: 4406

SOUTH AFRICA

CALL FOR MODERATE LEADERS TO HELP AVOID ANOTHER RHODESIA
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 18 Mar 80 p 6
|Wditorial: “Prevent It; Do Not Help It Along" |

| Text | The whites in South Africa are regularly reminded that they have a
large responsibility to correct race relations in the country. But a simi-
lar responsibility must certainly lie with the coloreds, especially those
leaders who so freely and so often make speeches.

With some of these leaders it has become fashionable to use unbridled lan-
guage in speaking about the future. They refer so lightly to the possibili-
ty of violence and of a bloodbath that it is sometimes hard to believe that
they are warning against it and are not by implication encouraging it.

People would take serious offence if a white person in a responsible posi-
tion were to speak so easily of violence as an "alternative." And rightly
so, because it would create a nasty psychosis in the country. Why then
should colored leaders have a license to spout such excessive lanrfuage to
their heart's content?

Hspecially after what has happened in Rhodesia, there has been a tendency
to make allusions which cannot be glossed over. To raise feelings in this
way in the country is not only irresponsible, it is playing with fire.

The government of Mr P.W. Botha has committed itself to peaceful reform.
Prospects have been opened up which did not exist before and healthy intern-
al relations are being pursued with the greatest sincerity. The government's
aim is precisely to find a peaceful solution which would avoid the atrocity
of an armed conflict.

Those who love so much to see blood in the future, speak primarily out of
ignorance. They do not realize that what happened in Rhodesia would look
like child's play if South Africa, with its formidable military strength,
were driven to the point of an explosion.

South Africa is building its hope on those people who are susceptible to
reason. If the moderates do not speak up and make sure that the radicals

164

are repudlated, then the prospects are somber. And this is true for every-
body in the country, most definitely not for the whites alone.

What is needed in South Africa 1s leaders who will help prevent a repetition
of the Khodesian disaster, not people who are trying in a subtle way to
program it.

346 3
CSO; 4408

OPPENHETLMER REV TEWE

lohannesburg THE CITIZEN

AEC I

[Article by Don Wilkinson]

[Text]

AECL shares shrugged off the general weakness of industrials in
sympathy with golds yesterday, losing a minuscule 10c to 695c ahead of

PROSPECTS

SOUTH AFRICA

in English 18 Mar 80 p 17

today's annual statement from chairman Harry Oppenheimer.

CSO:

1420

Actual 1980 capita) com-
mitments are shown at some

Reale’

af
38
i

ri
j
tf

i
7
:

i
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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RACIAL FRICTION ON RAILWAYS--Separate development was not an aim in it-
self, but its object was to eliminate friction between races, the Minis-
ter of Transport Affairs, Mr Chris Heunis, said in the House of Assembly
yesterday. Replying to the third reading debate on the Railways and Har-
bours Appropriation Bill, he said improvements created by the administra-
tion had made it possible to remove 6 000 noticeboards in recent years.
The Railways transported millions daily in a situation of potential racial
friction unsurpassed anywhere in the world, yet there were no incidents.
"The Railways are not responsible for conveyance only, but also to obviate
friction at all times," Mr Heunis said. It would not remove any public
notice where such removal might lead to a situation which could cause
friction between groups. "It is the duty of every individual, group, the
(SAR) administration and every State department to maintain and expand the
good relations desired by the Government." The Railways had made great
contributions towards this end and he expected the Opposition to show some
appreciation for this rather than seize on isolated incidents and turn
them into major issues. The Bill was read a third time. [Text]
(Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Mar 80 p 8]

ECONOMIC GROWTH FACTORS--South Africa's gross domestic product must grow
at an annual compound rate of at least 6 percent if unemployment is to be
reduced to a bearable level, says Clive Menell, deputy chairman of Anglo-
vaal. Speaking at the Long Range Planning Conference yesterday, he said:
‘Without foreign investment, South Africa's GDP cannot grow more than

3,75 to 4 percent a year. ‘With the present and forecasted skills avail-
ible, the country's potential is limited to about 4 percent per annum com-
pounded ,"’ he added. To alleviate the skilled labour problem thereby boost-
ing growth, Mr Menell believes the private and public sector must combine
and: lift artificial restrictions and inequalities through legislative,
administrative and attitudinal changes by both Whites and Blacks; reduce,
with a view to eliminating, Black/White differentials in wages, housing,
education and health care; attract immigrants; revamp education and train-
ing. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 80 p 21]

167

ASSOCOM ON INFLUX CONTROL--The Association of Chambers of Commerce has
come out in strong support of the Riekert Commission's recommendations

on and findings against influx control--and is backing the "guinea pig"
relaxation of the 72 hour influx rule in Pretoria and Bloemfontein.
Assocom has set out its views formally in a report on the Riekert find-
ings. The report said it was "pleased the Government has decided to in-
vestigate the commission's recommendation on the 72 hour ruling." Asso-
com agreed the rule "seriously disturbs race relations within the country
and does South Africa's image overseas great harm." The restriction did
not stop Blacks from coming into urban areas. A three-day concession
gave no guarantee against summary arrest because it was up to the Black
to prove his right to be in a White area. The association has also taken
a clear stand on the question of reference books--or "passes'’--for Blacks.
These should be identity documents only and Blacks in White areas should
be given the ordinary book of life in their place. Blacks from Black
states should be given passports, Assoc: . said. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 17 Mar 80 p 9]

CSO: 4420

TOGO

EYADEMA SPEAKS ON MERCENARIES' PLOT, ECONOMIC SITUATION
Paris EUROPE OUTREMER in French No 596, Sep 79 pp 3-5

[Interview with General of the Army Gnassingbe Eyadema, president of the
Togo Republic, by Danielle Weiss; date and place not given]

[Excerpts] We are publishing below the interview granted
us by General Eyadema at the beginning of November, that
is, before the special Congress of the RPT [Rally of the
Togolese People]. It was originally supposed to be the
lead article for out special issue: "Togo, Priority to
Full-scale Development," but, two months later, it
retains all its interest.

{Question} Mr President, the trial of the mercenaries which recently took
place at Lome was public. Do you think that if the conspiracy had succeeded,
there might have been a civil war and an armed confrontation between the

North and the South?

[Answer] It is difficult to foresee the people's reaction in this case.
When strangers, stateless persons, pushed by the taste for lucre, finance
mercenaries to make an attempt not only on my life but on the lives of
innocent men, women and children, the people cannot simply stand with arms
crossed. African families have many branches. It is difficult to attack
one without arousing the anger of the other. The victims’ families will
react. No one can measure the backlash, as we know how things begin, but
we never know how they will end. One musi not play with fire.

[Question] Is the mercenary affair now over, or should we expect new
developments?

[Answer] We do not yet have complete clarification on this subject. The
inquiry in continuing.

[Question] It is said that there are too many Togolese civil servants and
that their salaries are a burden on the budget. What is your government's
policy with regard to the civil service?

169

lAnawer| toa Tego, as in most administrations in the newly independent
Atrican states, civil service does in fact suffer from a superabundance ot
ffictals, Thle situation artses trom the fact that since the colonization
pertod, clvll service has been conaldered to be the sector which guaranteen
nuttonals security of employment and assures them a decent pension. Thies
idea, then had of public office, has scarcely changed, so that today, in
apite of the many employment offers in the private sector, young graduates
continue to flock to the civil service.

Nearly 2 years ago, measures were taken, on the one hand, to reform the
zeneral administration of Togo and, on the other, to stabilize the civil
service's present manpower and to direct the training of young people
toward the agricultural sector, which has our very first priority.

mtry's “full-scale development." Could you specify the broad lines
f this “full-scale development"? Will the “true path of Togolese develop-

ment," which you proposed to search for and to define last 30 August, be
haracterlized by a thorough study of a new direction:

iQuestion| Mr President, you stress the priority which you are giving to
’

[Answer] After finding solutions to the political problems facing our country
restoring peace, harmony, stability, union and nat‘onal reconciliation,
lave grappled with the thorny problem of our country's economic, social

uit jevelopment, development which has planning as its substructure,
method economic and social development, since it replaces routine by
1 ratione| and dynamic administration of the economy, improvisation by

onsistency in economic choices, and the scattered allocation of investments
Large-scale actions in depth.

ogo's new economic, social and cultural policy since the implementation of
the first plan revolves around three principal axes:

Securing economic independence.

sentially what ts involved is further mobilization of the national savings
yptimum utilization of local resources.

so a question of ensuring the adequacy of the higher level national
whose numbers and qualifications will be sufficient in all sectors
the needs of our economy. In this context, technical assistance, still

eded for the transfer of “know-how,” will respond to specific requests
Ve ye by ise, tor specifically determined periods.

stablishing structures for development.

arrving t urgent actions, initiating long-term actions which will
balance ind prepare the way for expansion.

ists in reducing all regional and sectorai disparities.

In addition to these three principal axes, Togo's economic policy aims at
other special objectives, namely:

~ weeking to balance the state budget,

~ making che state budget a support for the plan, not just an administrative
budget,

~ increasing and diversifying exports.

[Question] Your constant concern is to improve the living conditions of
the peasants, who constitute the immense majority of the population. Are
land reform and the Green Revolution the principal machinery for this
improvement ?

{Answer} As agriculture is considered the priority sector in Togo's economic
development, the authorities have not spared any efforts to shake this
sector out of its lethargy and to modernize it.

Let us note, finally, that since my accession, there have been successive
wage increases and that the peasants are for the time being exempted from
taxes.

(Question} What are your relations with the present Government of Ghana?
Has your country specifically intervened, as is said, to stop the executions
of former leaders in that neighboring country?

[Answer] Togo respects the sovereignty of every state and maintains good
relations with its neighbors.

9434
CSO: 4400

UGANDA

BRIEFS

INDUSTRIES HANDED OVER TO MEHTA FAMILY--The minister of industry, Mr Okui,
has offictally handed over to the Mehta family the Uganda Sugar Factory,
UGNAC and engineering corporation, cable corporation of East Africa,
(words indistinct]. Under an agreement signed between the two, the
government will have a share-holding of 51 percent and Mehta 49 percent
in those industries. Buc in order to improve the technical efficiency

of the tive establishments, Mehta will be responsible for the management.
The minister said that the government greatly appreciates joint ventures
{n industry. Coming to the workers, the minister called on them to
redouble their effort in cooperation with the new management in order to
(?restore) profitable industrial activities. Mr (Mahindra) Mehta said
that he and his family belong to Uganda, have grown and prospered in
Uganda, and therefore it is their greatest pleasure to work (?within)

and for Uganda. Mr [name indistinct] Mehta donated half a billion
shillines for the rehabilitation of (?schools on the estate). Guests
includec the minister of planning and economic development, Mr Antohony
Ocaya, diplomats and high-ranking government officials. [Text] [LD181205
Kampala Domestic Service in English 1000 GMT 18 Mar 80 LD/EA)

STEEL INDUSTRY REACTLVATLON--The minister of industry, Mr Okui, has
inaugurated the new board of directors of the Uganda Steel Corporation

to its original footing and to exploit iron ore deposits in Kigezi and
elsewhere ‘n the country. He said iron ore in Uganda is rich in over

70 percent iron content and its exploitation would put the country's
economy on a sound footing, especially now when copper deposits in
Kilembe are expected to get exhausted in the near future. The minister
added that the corporation needed reorganization. The general manager

of the Uganda Steel Corporation, Mr (Kinkahiwa), said that it would take
about 5 years to achieve perfect rehabilitation of the corporation and

to recover from the past years of mismanagement. At the moment production
is below 20 percent of the corporation's total production capacity and
the corporation is short of security funds. Lack of raw materials due to
insufficient foreign currency has also greatly lowered production. How-
ever, he revealed that most subeidiary companies of the corporation have
at least started production and given some required imput, production
might rise to about 50 percent within a few months. The subsidiary com-
panies of the Uganda Steel Corporation are Steel Manufacturers of East
Africa, Uganda Metal Industry, (SAMPECO), Uganda [word indistinct], Torore
Steelworks, East African Steel Products and Uganda (Bati) and Paramount
Manufacturing Company. [Text] [LD191540 Kampala Domestic Service in
English 0700 GMT 19 Mar 80 LD/EA)

CSO: 4420

172

ZAIRE

MOBUTU CLAIMS ZAIRIANS UNITED AROUND HIS LEADERSHIP
LD211529 Bruseele LE SOIR in French 12 Mar 80 pp 1, 3 LD

[Report by Etienne Ugelix: “In Brussels President Mobuto Wante To Meet
With Certain Oppositionists and Invite Them To Return to Zaire")

[Text] Om the eve of the lecture he was due to deliver from the platform
of the Grandes Conferences Cathouques in Brussels a very relaxed and even
rather vivacious [Zairian] President Mobutu spoke with four journalists at
hie residence in Rhode. It was more of a rambling conversation than an
interview.

"I have come to Brussels," he said, “to make myself understood in your
country and to show people once and for all that Zaire is not Belgium and
vice versa. Ours are two friendly countries which were united by coloniza-
tion. However, Africa and Europe are different. The parameters are not
the same, it is as simple as that.

"It is when I arrive in Belgium or read your newspapers that I hear of
opponents. However, even the most important opponents write to me from
here to ask for permission to return to the country. Contact was estab-
lished with them by my aides yesterday and I will meet with some of them
myself.

"The country is open to all its lost sons. it is within the Popular Movement
of the Revoiution (the only party) that the opposition must express itself
freely, as you can see if you wish at the next congress. There is no hiearchy
at the congress and everybody is free to speak openly."

President Mobutu then stressed the country's unity which will not be affected
by increasing the number of parties. "Our country has almost 27 million
inhabitants. If you can find 1,000 who condemn the head of state I no

longer deserve my p.sition. There are not so much as two heads of state in
Africa who are as close to their people as I am."

Mobutu then made a clever comparison to illustrate Zaire's unity: "If you
imagine, for example, that the province of Liege in Shaba in my country,

173

thanks to my action to support unity, an inhabitant of Liege could go to
eastern Flanders and have a political speech applauded, That is certainly
not the case here in Belgium,...”

Mobutu then protested what he calle all the ridiculous things opponents
have gaid about the Zairian regime in the past few days. "This is," he said,
‘the way I estate my case,"

‘People are saying in particular that the food aid given to Zaire by the
United States was misappropriated by the president's entourage. This is
what really happened," Mobutu went on, “Every year the United States gives
us food aid, This is put on sale in the markets. The money obtained in
tairian currency is at Zaire's disposal. This money is not in dollars since
all the food is sold on the spot, in the country. This money is adminis-
tered by the general commissioner for planning and the U.S. ambassador,

‘Last year the former general commissioner for planning had given loans to
certain politicians for their farms and to develop their enterprises,
especially to members of parliament. In October a parliamentary monitoring
committee discovered that more than 3 million zaires had been given in
credit to members of parliament. They thought that this money should be
given to farmers or invested in other spheres. They demanded that this
money be paid back by the Zairian state and this was done and the Americans
issued or explanation but nobody has mentioned that...."

President Mobutu then denied that his 4 February speech announced an increase
in his personal power.

"In fact," he said, "1 announced the repeal of Article 110 of the special
powers which, in particular, authorized me to change the constitution with-
out consulting anybody, if I so wished.

‘As for parliamentary questions, I did not Limit them but recalled the funda-
mental procedure in this matter, in other words that the head of state

should be informed of their content before they are sent to the state com-
missioner concerned. Therefore there was no question of limiting deputies’
freedom in this matter.”

As for the monetary operation to change the currency, the president admitted
that it was rather disastrous at first. He also admitted that there was a
great deal of corruption. Some 17 agents have already been arrested for

not placing the new currency at the banks' disposal and for reaching arrange-
ments among themselves for concluding profitable deals. Despite all the
criticisms the operation was a success, Mobutu thinks. In particular, for-
tunes made illegally were lost, which was one of the essential aims of the
»peration. The president admits that a few criticisms are justified because
it was impossible to introduce 1.5 billion banknotes at a stroke and it was
therefore necessary to do it step by step.

With regard to the recovery plan the president confirmed that the IMF
Administrative Council will meet at the end of April to give final approval
to the recovery plan, That will launch the plan and open the World Bank's
doors to tnvestors,

The president thinks that the country is obtaining most support from the
United States, In this connection he referred to the very favorable state-
ments about Zaire made by U.S, Assistant Secretary of State Richard Morse
in reply to criticism from some congressmen,

Finally, in the international sphere the president said he thinks that
Western influence has been waning in Africa since the events in Ethiopia
and Angola. "You don't need a diagram to explain that," he added,

He concluded on a bitter note: ''The heads of state who cooperate with
Eastern Bloc countries have an easy time. They are not constantly being
cricized, Presidents who cooperate with the West, however, are constantly
slandered by the press in those countries which lend a sympathetic ear to
all kinds of lies and slander,"

CSO: 4400

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

BUSINESSMEN FLOGGED--A total of 214 Zambian businessmen were flogged last
year for overcharging in their shops on essential commodities. This was
disclosed in Parliament yesterday by the Minister of Commerce and Industry,
Mr Remmy Chisupa, who also said 203 were imprisoned for exploiting the
public. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English 15 Mar 80 p 3]

ZAMBIAN POLICE SHOOT STRIKERS-~-Zambian MPs have demanded a Government state-
ment on the shooting by police earlier this week of workers at 4 sugar
estate south of Lusaka who went on strike to support demands for a pay
increase. Three people were injured when the police opened fire on the
strikers. One man later died in hospital. The MPs demanded a full minis-
terial statement after police Inspector-General Crispin Katukula denied
his men had shot at the strikers. He said teargas had been used and 12
people arrested. But on Friday Labour Minister Mr Joshua Lumina admitted
in Parliament that the police had opened fire ind that three people had
been wounded. MPs immediately demanded a full ministerial statement on
the circumstances in which the strikers were shot. The shooting has
heightened tension between the Government and workers demanding immediate
payment of a Kl3-a-month pay increase. In recent weeks thousands of
workers throughout the country have staged unofficial strikes demanding
immediate payment of the increase, recommended as a ceiling in an inde-
pendent report drawn up last year. [Text] [Salisbury THE SUNDAY MAIL in
English 16 Mar 80 p 2]

STAND DOWN--Zambia yesterday announced the demobilization of its reservists
and Home Guard, called up last November when road and rail bridges were
attacked, allegedly by Rhodesian troops. The Defense Minister, Mr Grey
Zulu, said it would take Zambian troops three months to remove all the land-
mines in Zambian territory. [Text] [Salisbury THE HERALD in English

13 Mar 80 p 1]

SELECTIVE LIST OF JPRS SERIAL REPORTS

NEAR EAST AND AFRICA SERIAL REPORTS

NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

WORLIMN IDE REPORT:
WORLUWLDE REPORT:
WORLDWIDE REPORT:
WOR _DWIDE REPORT:
WOKLDWLIDE REPORT:

WORLDWIDE SERIAL REPORTS

Environmental Quality

Epidemiology

Law of the Sea

Nuclear Development and Proliferation

le lLecommunications Policy, Research and Development

END OF

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