JPRS 84640
28 October 1983
China Report
POLITICAL, SOC/OLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
No. 466
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JPRS 84640
28 October 1983
CHINA REPORT
POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MiLiTary AFFAIRS
No. 466
CONTENTS
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
GENERAL
Shultz’ Middle Fast Trip Analyzed
(Gao Shitong; SHIJI£ ZHISHI [WORD KNOWLEDGE],
No ll, 1 Jun POPP PTETETITITrrrryesrryeyrrrsrrrrrrrriTy 1
Pro~-Afghan News Report From Moscow Radio Station Monitored
(Feng Lin; SHIJIEZ ZHISHI [WORLD KNOWLEDGE], No 12,
16 Jun ) POPP PPPPTETEPTrrrreryrerereryrryesrresrrerrreerriT ere 4
NORTHEAST ASIA
Briefs
PRC Press Delegation Touring DPRK 6
§. Korean Dissident Youth Activity 6
SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
President Marcos Rejects Call To Step Down
(XINHUA, 20 Sep BF) cccccccccsecccccececccecceeerosoce 7
Philippine Muslims Call for Political Amnesty
(XINHUA, 8 Oct } )PYYPTTELTITITITIrryres+rrresrrryyryrrrirTy 8
Marcos Says Force Will Be Met With Force
(XINHUA, 25 Sep OD) 00 00000000000000000000000000000008 9
Philippines Deplores Refusal To Invite Sihanouk
(XINHUA, 23 Sep OP) 0 000000000000000000000000000bbbbe 10
-a- (III - CC = 80]
Philippine Students Plan Antigovernment Rally
(XINHUA, 30 Sep tr 066006600000000000040CCCO0CCC CCE
Permission Given
Students Protest ‘Repression, Terrorism’
Indonesian Government Urged To Beware of Soviet Activities
(XINHUA, 23 Sep +) PPPPTTITPTITTTYTTTTrT rrr rrr Tyee
Thai Officer Says SRV Preparing Offensive in Kampuchea
(XINHUA, 22 Sep SEP coccccoceccecoocceceeeeeoeosoocee
Sitthi Says Kampuchean Resistance Progressing
(XINHUA, 9 Oct ) PPPTTTITI TTT TTT TTT TirTrr errr TTT
Son Sann Issues Statement on KPNLF Anniversary
(XINHUA, 8 Oct PPPPPPTTTTTTTTTTT TTT TTT TTT Try Tree
Thai Foreign Minister Urges Kampuchean Settlement
(XINHUA, 4 Oct ') PPPPPTTTTTTTITITrirrrrrrrrirrrirrrTyy yr
Singapore Foreign Minister Views Kampuchea Issue
(XINHUA, 5 Oct )) PPPYTTTITITTTTTrrrirrrsrrryrrirriri Ty
Jordan Reconsiders Stance on Kampuchean Issue
(XINHUA, 26 Sep —) | PPYTTILTLTTTTTTTTrrrryyryrrrrrrriyy:
More SRV Troops Dispatched to Kampuchea
(XINHUA, 27 Sep _) ) PPYYPTTTTTTITTTTTTTTTTirrrirrrT Te
Kampuchean Radio Condemns SRV Bombardments
(XINHUA, 28 Sep _) ) PUUTTTTTITTTTTTTTTTriTrrrrrrrrri ye
Democratic Kampuchea Appeals for UN Seat
(XINHUA, 29 Sep ) ) PPYTTTITITITTTTTTTTrrryerrrrrryiTyTe
Sihanouk Addresses UN on Kampuchean Issue
(XINHUA, 5 Oct ) ) PPPTTTILITTITTTiTTTrrrirrrrrrrriTey Te
SRV Urged To Head World Opinion on Kampuchea
(CHINA DAILY, 8 Oct OD) ccccccccecccceeceeeococeeeeee
VODK Refutes Vietnamese Proposal on Kampuchea
(XINHUA, 6 Oct _)) PPYTTTTTTTTI TTT TT TTTTTrrrrrryT rie
Vietnamese Troops Shell KPNLF Headquarters
(XINHUA, 25 Sep _) PYUTTTETITTTITTTTTTTrreyryryTTiTy
Thai Spokesman Rejects Kampuchean Charges
(XINHUA, 16 Sep OP) 000000000000000 00000 COC OOO OOOObCeS
11
13
a4
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
28
29
30
Thai Foreign Minister Confident on DK Vote in UN
(XINHUA, 16 Sep >» PPPPPTTTTEPTTrrrryrrryrryrrrryrrrryy 31
Thai Reports Claim Hanoi Plans To Assimilate
(XINHUA, 10 Oct | FPPPPTTTTTYYrrrrrrrrrrrr eeeneaeaee@ 32
Thailand Opposes Euromissiles Transfer to Asia
(XINHUA, 21 Sep PPP TT TT TTT TrTrTrTyryrryrrrrryrrrr 33
BANGKOK POST Outlines Soviet Threat to Asia
(XINHUA, 20 Sep PPPOE TTTTTTTTTrTrrrryrrrrrrryryrr. 34
ASEAN Parliamentarians Meet in Singapore
(XINHUA, 6 Oct >) PYTTTTTTTLUTYTTTTTrerryyyryrrryryyrrrey: 35
Thai Papers on PRC Sovereignty Over Hong Kong
(XINHUA, 28 Sep ) ) PPYYTTYTYTTTTTTrrryrrrrrrrrrrirryy 36
Sihanouk Visits Belgium 13-15 September
(XINHUA, 19 Sep ) )PPYTTITITITITITTrryrrrersrryryrrrrsyTTy 37
New Zealand To Establish First Mediation Body
(XINHUA, 40 Sep —) ) PPYYTTITITTTTTTTTrrryrryrrsryrryrriry 38
Australia Reaffirms Support for ANZUS Treaty
(XINHUA, 16 Sep >) PYYTTTTTTTTTTTrrresrryryrryrrerryriry 39
Briefs
African Support on Kampuchea 40
Thai Patrols Attacked 40
SRV Troop Plan Rejected 40
Kampuchean Resistance 41
Kampuchean UN Seat 41
Philippine Unity 41
SRV in Kampuchea 42
NEAR EAST/SOUTH ASIA
Iran-Iraq War Causing Grave Concern in World
(CHINA DAILY, 23 Sep >) PYYETTTTITTTTrrryeyryeyrrrriry 43
Afghan Question Reviewed by Beijing Journal
(Bu Xiqiao; SHIJIEZ ZHISHI [WORLD KNOWLEDGE], No 12,
16 Jun 83) 000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000 bb8 45
USSR Official Ends 5-Day Visit to Egypt
(XINHUA, 23 Sep +) PPTTTTTTTITrryrryryrryryrryryrrrrrriy 48
Christian, Muslim Unity Needed for Mideast Peace
(CHINA DALLY, 17 Sep PPPPPPPTPPyrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr 49
Ghandi Criticizes U.S., French Action in Lebanon
(XINHUA, 24 Sep PPPPPTTTTTTTTTTTTTrrryryyr yyy yTrTrTyr 51
Briefs
Chinese~Aided Road in Sudan 52
Hospital in N. Yemen 52
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
BEIJING REVIEW Interviews Zimbabwe's President
(Canaan S. Banana Interview; BEIJING REVIEW, No 35,
29 Aug i) PYYTTVITTEPTTTrrerryreerrerreserrrrerersrererer ee 55
Mugabe Calls for Namibian Independence
(XINHUA, 22 Sep >) PPYTTTTITITITrrrrrrrrrrrrirrirTe 55
Mugabe Criticizes U.S, Attitude on Namibia
(XINHUA, 25 Sep +) PPYTTTTITITTrTTersrseesrrrsrrirrriieiT ye 56
Foreign Journalists Briefed on Chad Situation
(XINHUA, 13 Sep >») PPYYTTITTITTTITTTrri1sreyeeerrrreiTyTy 57
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Marital Situation of Nation’ Population Analyzed
(Shen Quhua; RENKOU YANJIU [POPULATION RESEARCH],
No 4, 29 Jul OS) ccccccccceseeeececceccccccceeeceoece 59
On-the-Spot Family Planning Work Conference Reported
(Zhao Changxin; RENKOU YANJIU [POPULATION RESEARCH],
No 4, 29 Jul i) PPP PEPE PEPE PTEPPPETIrTrrrerereererereeee, 63
Higher Learning Institute for Democrats Opens
(XINHUA, 11 Sep + )PPYTETITTITrTreryryyrerrrerrrirsrrrrreyy 66
Briefs
Graduate Student Admissions 67
REGIONAL AFFAIRS
EAST REGION
Work Report, Proposals of Shandong Discipline Inspection
Commission
(DAZHONG RIBAO, 21 Jul BB) ccccccccccccccccecceeccees 68
~~
CENTRAL~SOUTH REGION
Guangxi Restructures Party, Government Departments
(Guangxi Regional Service, 21 Aug Sep ccccceececceres
SOUTHWEST REGION
Birth Control Policy Continues in Sichuan
(Liu Xun; RENKOU YANJIU [POPULATION RESZARCH], No 4,
29 Jul _)) PYYTTLTETTTTTTTTrryrryrrrrrTr '@eeaeaaeeeuwer eee
NORTH REGION
CPC Secretary on Leading Patriotic Education
(Gao Zhzaxiang, speech excerpts; HEBEI RIBAO,
27 Sep SEP cccccccccceceeeececccceeeeeecceecccceeocoees
Reasons for Appearance of Criminal Activity Examined
(Sheng Yimo; BEIJING RIBAO, 26 Aug 83). cccccccccccees
Increased Respect, Self-Esteem in Cadres Urged
(Wang Xiaohe; HEBEI RIBAO, 23 Aug 83)...cccccceverece
Briefs
Tianjin Legal Advisory Office
NORTHWEST REGION
Propaganda Work Meeting on Deng'’s ‘Works’
(NINGXIA RIBAO, 20 Aug 53) cccccccccsccccccccccceneeee
NINGXIA RIBAO Urges Study of Deng'’s ‘Works’
(Editorial; NINGXIA RIBAO, 21 Aug BS) ccccccccccccccecs
briefs
Qinghai National Epics Meeting
Xinjiang PLA Products Fair
Shaanxi Women's Delegation
TAIWAN
Taipei Urges Free Choice on Hong Kong's Future
(Taipei Internat ional Service, 28 Sep 63) woccccvccce
Commentary on Soviet Indifference to KAL Affair
(CNA, 24 Sep OP) 0 00000000000000000000000000b0C0bCCbe
72
73
79
85
88
99
91
94
96
96
96
97
99
Reagan, Zhao Visits Viewed as Threat to Taiwan
(Taipei International Service, 2 Oct 83)..ecccccecees
Taipei Radio Questions U.S.-'Red China’ Ties
(CNA, 30 Sep Ds ccsseddsescacedadosdsdsoceseeecoeecee
Editorial Warns of U.S. Arms Sales to Beijing
(Editorial; CHINA POST, 29 Sep 83) ccccccccccecccccoes
Wang Sheng’s Appointment, Paraguay Ties Viewed
(Chiang Wei-shuo; CHUNG YANG JIH PAO, 21 Sep 83).....
Taiwan Premier Delivers Administrative Report
(CNA, 23 Sep >) PPYYTTITITTIT TT TTT TTT TTT TT TTT TTT TTT Te
Foreign Minister on Technology Sales to Mainland
(AFP, 24 Sep | PPPPPPT TTT eT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTTTTTT TTT yer
Restrictions on Forming New Parties To Remain
(AFP, 24 Sep . PRYPTTTTTTI TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT iy TTT Tee
Taipei Radio Views PRC-UK Talks on Hong Kong
(Taipei International Service, 24 Sep 83) ccvccveccees
‘Excerpts’ of Premier Sun's Work Report
(CHINA POST, 24 Sep SS) cocccccceccceccecvoeceecoeeoes
Chiang Meets Costa Rican Vice President
(CNA, 29 Sep > | POYUTTTITTTITTTTTTTTTrirriririrririry yyy
Official Says CAL-KAL Talks Gaining Momentum
(CNA, 29 Sep >) PYTTTTTTTITIT TTT TTTTiririririrryrryTiTe
Briefs
Alliance With PRC |
New Taiwan-Singapore Association
100
102
104
106
108
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111
112
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118
119
120
120
CENERAL
SHULTZ' MIDDLE EAST TRIP ANALYZED
Beijing SHIJIE ZHISHI [WORD KNOWLEDGE] in Chinese No 11, 1 Jun 83 p 9
[Article by Gao Shitong [7559 0013 0681]: "Can Shultz Bring Peace to Middle
East")
[Text] From 25 Apr to 8 May, Secretary of State George Shultz of the United
States made a busy and crucial shuttle visit to six countries including Egypt,
Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia one after another. Lebanon
and Israel reached an accord concerning the withdrawal of Israeli troops on 6
May.
Prior to Shultz's visit, the situation in Middle East was that because Israel
insisted on its preemptory demands, negotiations between Lebanon, Israel and
the United States on the withdrawal of troops had lasted for 4 months without
having achieved any result, that conflicts between militia of the two different
factions in Lebanon had been intensified, that the United States Embassy in
Lebanon was bombed, that negotiations between Jordan and PLA had been suspended,
that relations between Syria and Israel were strained, and that the Reagan plan
was met with a setback which would probably bring it to a premature end. At
the same time, the Soviet Union changed its attitude of sitting idle as it had
in the past and strengthened its influence over matters with regard to the
Middle East.
The main purpose of Shultz's trip was to stabilize moderate Arabian countries
thorugh the realization of an agreement on withdrawal of troops and other
activities to reactivate the already grounded Reagan plan in order to strengthen
and expand strategic interests of the United States in Middle East and prevent
the Soviet Union from further interfering in Middle Last affairs.
During his trip, Shultz attached special importance to both L-banon and Israel
in carrying out his mission. This was because Lebanon is the meeting point of
various Middle East contradictions, the most congepicuous being the conflict be-
tween the Arabian countries and Israel. Both the United States and the Soviet
Union have been utilizing contradictions between the Arabian countries and
Israel to serve their own interests respectively and have entered into a rivalry
with each other in Lebanon and in other Middle East areas.
Since the Lebanon crisis last year, the United States has taken the settlement
of the Lebanon issue as a breakthrough to purposely propel the Middle East
situation forward toward a direction favorable to the United States. The issue
of the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Lebanon is a key to the Lebanon
issue at present. This issue not only directly involves Lebanon, Syria and the
PLO, but also produces an impact throughout the entire Arabian world.
The main contents of the Lebanon-Israeli agreement on withdrawal of troops
state that the state of war between Lebanon and Israel is to be terminated,
that the Israeli troops are to be withdiawan to a mutually recognized border
area within 8 to 12 weeks after the agreement is formally signed, that 45
kilometers in the south of Lebanon is to be designated as a security area which
is to be controled by Lebanese Government troops, that the pro-Israeli Haddad
troops are to be reorganized and put under government control, but Haddad him-
sel, can only hold the title of deputy commander of the public security unit
in southern Lebanon, that Israel has to assign 5O servicemen to participate in
the joint supervisory patrol unit, and that separate negotiations on bilateral
relations between Lebanon and Israel are to be held 6 months after the withdrawal
of troops. In this agreement, there is also an article concerning the withdrawal
of Syrian troops and PLO armed forces from Lebanon. This agreement in four
different versions was formally signed respectively in Khaldah of Lebanon and
Qiryat Shemona, Israel.
The contents of this agreement indicate that both Lebanon and Israel have made
accommodations. Israel has made some “concessions” from its original stubborn
stand. This is not because Shultz has some diplomatic magic with him, but it
is Israel which is considering its own gains and losses. Israel intends to
take advantage of this agreement to gain something both politically and in
publicity so that it can, on the one hand, calm down the dissatisfaction both
at home and abroad and even within the inner circle of the ruling group and, on
the other hand, exchange this for greater support from the United States. The
United States has agreed to lift the ban on supplying 75 F-16 fighter-bombers,
to provide Israel with advanced technology for manufacturing the Lavi type
fighter and to increase economic aid to Israel.
After signing the agreement, with Israel really withdraw its troops? It is
still uncertain. Israel still insists its demand that the withdrawal of
Israeli troops must be accompanied by a sumultaneous withdrawal of both Syrian
and PLO troops. The United States has expressed its “understanding” of the
Israeli demand. Therefore, it is Israel which is intentionally to devise a
strategem that “if others do not withdraw, I would not withdraw.” It intends
to shift its own responsibility of delay onto others.
Newspapers in the United States have disseminated the idea that the Lebanon-
Israeli agreement is an “important victory” achieved by the Shultz trip. How-
ever, AFP regarded Shultz as having achieved only half a success because he
was not able to convince Syria to alter its negative attitude toward the agree-
ment.
The reactions of the Arabian countries toward this agreement vary. Egypt and
Jordan indicated their support. The majority of the Arabian countries includ-
2
ing Saudi Arabia said they would respect Lebanon's choice. Most of the opposi-
tion countries such as Syria and PIO adopted a negative attitude. In Lebanon
itself, also there are political factions which are opposed to the agreement.
The Soviet Union is trying very hard to utilize this situation to serve its
own interests. It stated that not only has the agreement "violated Lebanon's
sovereignty,” but the United States and Israel are “prepared to launch a war
against both Syria and Jordan.” It was officially announced by Syria that
once there is war, the Soviet Union will fulfill its guarantee to Syria in
accordance with their treaty of friendship and cooperation. Obviously, the
Soviet Union is entering into a new rivalry with the United States.
All in all, even though Lebanon and Israel have reached an agreement on the
withdrawal of troops, the possible implementation of this agreement is still
a big question. The situations in the Middle East and in Lebanon itself
continue to be turbulent. Especially massive forces are deployed between both
Syria and Israel and the possibility another war still exists.
Of course, this trip of Shultz has saved a little bit of face for the United
States. The Reagan government which is faced with the problem of general
election is in need of it because it enables Reagan to become more energet‘c
ii preparing for the next general election. But, as long as the United States
continues to implement its policy of partiality to Israel and damaging the
interests of the Arabian countries, it is impossible to settle the Middle East
issues once and for all. And it will be impossible to resiize peace in Middle
East, and there will be no peace in Middle East.
9560
CSO: 4005/1073
GENERAL
PRO-AFCHAN NEWS REPORT FROM MOSCOW RADIV STATION MONITORED
Beijing SHIJIE ZHISHI [WORLD KNOWLEDGE] in Chinese No 12, 16 Jun 83 p 18
[Article by Feng Lin [3536 2651]: "A Thought-Provoking Incident]
[Text] At 11 o'clock GMT on 23 May, a news in brief was being broadcast on
the English program of the Moscow Radio Station. Yhe announcer said when he
was going to introduce the Afghan situation: "In the struggle of resisting
the Soviet occupiers and safe- guarding the national terr‘tory, the Afghan
people are playing an increasingly important rele.” “Th. activities origin-
ating from the territory of the Soviet Union have already threatened the
security of the Afghan people.”
That is strange. The English broadcasting of the Moscow Radio Station has
totally reversed the tune of the Soviet propaganda machine as it was habitually
in the past. Is this not a monstrous absurdity. Can it be that there is
something wrong with the ears of the people?
At 12 and 13 o'clock GMT the same day, people heard twice the news of the
same contents from the same radio station, and it also strwightforwardly named
“the Soviet aggressors,” and “the Soviet penetrating bandit gang." Such an
unusual broadcast sent out from the Moscow Radio Siat‘on has shocked the whole
world. Things have become obvious that it was not because there was something
wrong with the ears of the people, but there was something wrong inside the
Soviet Union.
Not long after that, the spokesman of the Moscow Radio Station of the Soviet
Union came out and made an explanatory statement saying that: "The erroneous
wording in the news broadcasting was made by announcer Danichev himself per-
sonally.” The next day, PRAVDA specifically published an article to play the
same old tune of the Soviet policy toward Afghanistan in order to clear up
doubts in the mind of the people. And the voice of that announcer has since
disappeared from the air.
Perhaps this was only an insignificant episode, but is this not worth ponder-
ing?
It has been more than 3 years since the Soviet Union carried out armed provoca-
tion to invade Afghanistan. Even though the Soviet Union has put on a magnifi-
cent looking laurel wreath to cover up the evil war, but in fact the people
learn to understand the truth.
It was said that the Soviet soldiers were mobilized to move into Afghanistan
to resist “foreign interventionists" and to "help the Afghan people repel
invasion." Yet, what they have seen was not an invasion by others but one
that came exactly from the Soviet Union. And the targets of the massacre
carried out by them were not the mercenaries of foreign countries, but the
people of Afghanistan. Some of the Sovict soldiers have eventually become
aware that they were fooled. Therefore, they began to gun down their own
superiors, to go to the Afghan guerrilla forces for shelter or to run away.
The fact that the morale of the Soviet troops is low has become a headache of
the Soviet civil and military authorities.
The Soivet people were told that the reason for Soviet military action in
Afghanistan was to “fulfill the duty of internationalism" and to “support the
revolutionary struggle of the Afghan people.” However, what they have seen is
not that the Soivet troops are well received in Afghanistan, but that they are
met with shooting and people's feelings of hostility. The Soviet Union's
action of “internationalism” has not won the respect of nations all over the
world but met with the condemnation of world opinion. The Soviet Union has
thus become increasingly isolated. The masses of the Soviet Union has thus
become increasingly isolated. The masses of the Soviet Union have eventually
become aware that they were fooled. Therefore, revolts in forms of protests,
demonstrations and political jokes emerge from time to time.
It is quite obvious that the strange thing which has happened in the Moscow
Radio Station was not an isolated personal action of the Soviet announcer
himself, but reflected the demand of the masses in the Soviet Union against
the war of invasion and conveyed their innermost fury in protesting of it. So
long as the Soviet Union continues to carry out its policy of hegemonism and
refuses to withdraw Soviet troops from Afghanistan, unusual events similar to
that which happened in the Moscow Radio Station will definitely continue to
come out.
9560
CSO: 4005/1073
NORTHEAST ASIA
BRIZFS
PRC PRESS DELEGATION TOURING DPRK--Comrade Chong Chun-ki, alternate member
of the Political Bureau of the WPK Central Committee and vice premier of
the State Administration Council, in Pyongyang on the morning of 3 October
met and had a friendly talk with the Chinese press delegation headed by
Bian Chunguang, director of the Press Management Bureau of the Ministry
of Culture. Present on the occasion were Yi Pong-su, director of the Press
Guidance Bureau, and Zong Kewen, Chinese ambassador to Korea. Since arriving
in Korean on 21 September, the press delegation has shared experiences with
the sector of the Korean press while touring various places, including
Pyongyang, Wonsan, and Taesong. [Text] [SK050921 Beijing in Korean to
Korea 1100 GMT 4 Oct 83]
S. KOREAN DISSIDENT YOUTH ACTIVITY--Some 100 South Korean Christian youths
and students on 1 October held an assembly at a church in Seoul and declared
the formationof a dissident organization, the National Youth Federation
for the Democratization of South Korea. This is the first dissident organi-
zation formed since Chon Tu-hwan's ascended to power in 1980. The National
Youth Federation for the Democratization of South Korea has been launched
amid the situation in which the activities of the personages of the political
circle, including the former South Korean New Democratic Party Chairman
Kim Yong-sam, criticizing the South Korean authority are being brought to
public notice every day and the youths and students of various universities
are continuing to carry out antigovernment demonstrations. [Text]
[SK060540 Beijing in Korean to Korea 1100 GMT 5 Oct 83]
cso: 4110/016
SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
PRESIDENT MARCOS REJECTS CALL TO STEP DOWN
OW200111 Beijing XINHUA in English 1620 GMI 20 Sep 83
[Text] Manila, 20 Sep (XINHUA)--President Ferdinand Marcos today rejected
calls from certain political oppposition quarters for him to step down from
his presidency in favor of a caretaker government, the Philippine News Agency
reported this evening.
He said he will "continue to serve in the presidential capacity” in accordance
with the constitutional mandate involved.
"We have the capability to maintain government and do not consider any threat
whether from the political opposition or any violent radical groups, as suf-
ficient to bring about violation of the constitution and the mandate of
millions of Filipions,” he added.
Revealing that he has received feelers for national reconciliation from some
members of the opposition, the president said that preparatory steps must
first be formulated if the policy of national reconciliation is to be implement-
ed.
"If they are serious, we must first identify the parties involved,” he said.
The president said he also wanted to find out first whether the Social Democrats
and the Communists are willing to discard their basic mission "to grab political
authority by violence and the use of force."
"I want to know how close the legitimate opposition is to the radical groups,”
he added.
CSO: 4000/34
SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
PHILIPPINE MUSLIMS CALL POR POLITICAL AMNESTY
LDO082253 Beijing XINHUA in English 1452 GMI 8 Oct 83
[Text] Manila, 8 Oct (XINHUA)--Eleven Philippine Muslim opposition leaders
today called for grating ammesty to all political offenses in the Philippines
to pave the way to a speedy national reconciliation.
These Muslim opposition leaders included some former senators and leaders of
some Philippine Muslim organizations.
In a “manifesto of the Muslims of the Philippines” they signed and then dis-
tributed at a press conference this afternoon, they said, "Eleven years of
martial rule have not brought to the Filipino nation a climate of peace and
order nor the declared restructuring of our society to provide a better life
for the citizenry.”
"It was, therefore, with great hope and expectation that the Muslims of the
Philippines looked forward to the homecoming of the martyred Senator
Benigno Aquino, Jr., who had pledged to embark on a nonviolent campaign for
national reconciliation and unity,” they added.
They went on to say, "The Muslims of the Philippines fully support and adhere
to the principles advocated by his eminence, Jaime Cardinal Sin, and other
leaders of our society calling for national reconciliation and a peaceful
settlement of the present political conflict in our country through dialogue."
"We urge, therefore, President Ferdinand E. Marcos and all those in responsible
positions in government and society to immediately explore all avenues for a
speedy national reconciliation including the grant of general amnesty for all
political offenses to pave the way to a peaceful and meaningful dialogue
before the nation is plunged further into a fratricidal civil war, a war
where there are no victors, but only victims,” they stressed.
CSO: 4000/34
SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
MARCOS SAYS FORCE WILL BE MET WITH FORCE
OW251518 Beijing XINHUA in English 1508 GMT 25 Sep 83
[Text] Manila, September 25 (XINHUA)--Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos
warned today his government is ready to meet force with force if necessary,
and it has discarded the policy of maximum tolerance in handling demonstra-
tions in favor of "a policy of legitimate assembly and legitimate free
speech."
Addressing the nation over radio and television, the president said: "The
government, both national and local will not allow the streets of Manila
to be utilized for chaotic and anarchic behavior... We will not allow what
has happened in the past several days to be repeated. Do not test the force
and strength of the government."
Under the new policy, the president said, demonstrations and rallies would
be allowed provided the rallyists secure proper permits from the authorities.
He confirmed his order to the military to disperse immediately rallies and
demonstrations that do not have such permits, quietly and without the use
of force if possible.
But if the military and the police are met with force, they will be compelled
to use force, he warned.
The president noted that the rash of violent demonstrations in metro Manila
during the past week was an isolated case and that the rest of the country
remained in peace and order.
The president said that government probers are trying to identify the persons
who attacked the pro-government demonstrators under Makati Mayor Nemesio
Yabut, including the mayor himself who was hit by beer bottles and other
debris, during a rally in Makati last week.
He noted that even certain members of ine oligarchy and executives in coat
and tie participated in the forcible dispersal of the demonstration under
Mayor Yabut.
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PHILIPPINES DEPLORES REFUSAL TO INVITE SIHANOUK
0W231925 Beijing XINHUA in English 1842 GMT 23 Sep 83
[Text] Manila, September 23 (XINHUA)--The Philippine Government deplored
yesterday the Indian Government's decision not to invite Samdech Norodom
Sihanouk to an informal summit in New York in connection with the 38th
session of the United Nations General Assembly.
According to today's "Bulletin Today," Philippine acting Foreign Minister
Manuel Collantes summoned Indian Ambassador Ramesh Mulye and handed him a
note expressing regret over the decision.
Collantes acted on the instructions of Foreign Minister Carlos Romulo, who
is now in New York to attend the U.N. session.
In response to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's decision, a Philippine
aide-memoire said the permanent representatives of the ASEAN countries to
the U.N. had recommended to their respective foreign ministers that the
ASEAN's collective regret be conveyed to the Indian Government.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
PHILIPPINE STUDENTS PLAN ANTICOVERNMENT RALLY
Permission Given
OW’IO1313 Beijing XINHUA in English 1248 GMT W Sep 83
[Text] Manila, W Sep (XINHUA)--Students are organizing an anti-government
rally here today that they say will be the biggest public gathering since
last week's demonstrations in which 10 people were killed and 150 injured.
Authorities in the capital have given permission for the rally.
Yesterday about 1,000 business executives and other white collar workers
stopped work in Manila’s financial district. Riot police dispersed the crowd
but no violence was reported.
Last night, plainclothes police raided and closed down an outspoken opposition
weekly newspaper, the PHILIPPINE TIMES, on charges of inciting sedition.
On Thursday, about 1,500 mourners attended a Roman Catholic mass to mark the
40th day since the death of opposition leader Benigno Aquino, who was
assassinated August 21.
Aquino’s widow, brother and other relatives attended the mass.
At the same time, more than 1,000 students staged an anti-government "noise
barrage” on the campus of the University of the East. They banged cans,
threw confetti and exploded firecrackers.
Both rallies were peaceful and were not interfered with by police or the
military.
Students Protest ‘Repression, Terrorism’
OW301500 Beijing XINHUA in English 1437 GMT 3 Sep 83
[Text] Manila, W Sep (XINHUA)--Over 10,000 students held a rally here this
afternoon to protest what they called “political repression and military
terrorism.”
11
The rally, which was organized by the student leaders’ forum, an affiliation
of some 50 student councils and youth groups, condemned government acts in
dealing with the recent demonstrations.
They demanded immediate release of students and other people arrested during
the September 21 and 23 demonstrations and called for the right to hold
peaceful rallies.
The forum announced that it believes the government has taken "unreasonable,
unfounded and unjust” action in dealing with the September 21 and 23 demon-
Strations. They expressed their resolution to continue the struggle for
"independence, freedom and democracy."
Kallies and demonstrations have been held during the past few days, even
after President Marcos announced on September 25 a tougher policy in handling
demonstrations.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT URGED TO BEWARE OF SOVIET ACTIVITICS
LD240106 Beijing XINHUA in English 1512 GMT 23 Sep 83
[Indonesian Government Urged to Keep Vigilance Over Soviet Diplomats’
Activities--KINHUA headline]
[Text] Hong Kong, September 23 (XINHUA)--The Indonesian Government has been
urged by an MP to keep vigilance over Soviet diplomat’s activities in
Indonesia.
Amin Iskandar [spelling of name as received], a member of Commission 1 of
Parliament (which deals with foreign affairs, politics, defence and informa-
tion) was commenting Wednesday on a case of acode officer of the Indonesian
Embassy in Australia who was contacted by a Soviet diplomat.
The Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is investigating the case jointly
with the Indonesian Intelligence Coordinating Agency, Foreign Minister
Mokhtar Kusumaataoja told the Commission 1.
Amin Iskandar said that the case showed the Soviets always try, with money
and other materials, to contact young foreign diplomats for a spy mission.
He urged the government to be more vigilant on the activities of Soviet
diplomats in the country especially in consulates far from the capital,
such as those in Medan and Bandjarmasin, which he thinks are not functional.
He also fully supported the government's plan to abolish any foreign con-
sulates outside Jakartawhich are not functional.
The Soviet diplomat, V.N. Ivanoff, had previously been involved in a contro-
versial espionage case involving an Australian state minister and the leader
of the Labour Party. The case of the Indonesian diplomat's involvement was
uncovered when Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke gave an account to an
Australian investigation committee in July of the above case.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
THAL OFFICER SAYS SRV PREPARING OFFENSIVE IN KAMPUCHEA
LD220113 Beijing XINHUA in English 1625 GMI 22 Sep 83
[Vietnam Preparing New War Moves in Kampuchea"--XINHUA headline]
[Text] Bangkok, 22 Sep (XINH‘'A)--Vietnam is busy preparing new war offensives
in Kampuchea as the rainy season there is drawing to an end, Royal Thai Army
Representative Col Naruedon Dejpradijuth told a press conference here today.
Naruedon said the Vietnamese troops have brought a large number of heavy
weapons into Mongkol Borei District, Batoambang Province and are expanding
the airport at Preah Netr Preah District in Batdambang Province.
He said the Vietnamese troops last July started the construction of a large
airport at Kampong city under the direction of Soviet advisers.
He also said Vietnam had tightened its rule over the Kampuchean people. It
has enforced a 12-hour curfew from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. in the occupied areas in
Kampuchea. The occupation troops also levy various kinds of taxes on the
Kampuchean people.
Naruedon added the Vietnamese occupation troops have stepped up training of the
Heng Samrin troops. It is planned that by 1984 the Heng Samrin troops will
have been increased to 100,000 equipped with Soviet weapons.
He also said over the past month the Democratic Kampuchean resistance forces
have launched active attacks against the Vietnamese troops and caused heavy
losses to them.
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SOUTHEAST ASLA/ PACIFIC
SITTHI SAYS KAMPUCHEAN RESISTANCE PROCRESSING
OWO90909 Beijing XINHUA in English 0754 GMI 9 Oct 83
{[fext] Bangkok, 9 Oct (XINHUA)--Thai Foreign Minister Sitthi Sawetscila has
expressed his conviction that the resistance in Kampuchea is making progress
and that time is on the side of the Democratic Kampuchean Governtent,
In recent interview with a BANCKOK POST correspondent in New York, Sitthi
said that “the memories of the Pol Pot years are probably fading away. The
reality now is the Vietnamese occupation.” The Kampuchean pecple now believe
that the Khmer Rouge will never do what they did in the past. Kampucheans
are fighting for their own country. As for the other two factions of the
coalition government, Sitthi added, big progress has Seen made in the past
year. They are better trained and better organized. They have very good
morale and are willing to fight.
The Thai foreign minister refuted as a lie the Vietnamese Foreign Minister
Ngugen Co Thach’s allegation that relations are better between ASEAN and
Vietnam and that progress has been made towatds a political settlement of
the Kampuchean conflict. He pointed out, “Thach takes the same line
frequently. It gives the impression that things are moving when in fact
they are not...he refuses to come to the crucial points.” Before the U.N.
debate on the Kampuchean problem, Sitthi said, Thach offered a deal for
ASEAN not to introduce a new resolution in exchange for Vietnamese promise
not to change the seat of Democratic Kampuchea at the U.N., but ASEAN
rejected it.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
SON SANN ISSUES STATEMENT ON KPNLF ANNIVERSARY
OWO81158 Beijing XINHUA in English 1148 CMT 8 Oct 83
[Text] Bangkok, 8 Oct (XINHUA)--Son Sann, president of the National Front
for the Liberation of the Khmer People (KPNLF), today called on the Kampuchean
people to close ranks and support the coalition government of Democratic
Kampuchea in the fight against Vietnamese aggression.
Son Sann, who is also prime minister of the coalition government, made this
appeal in a message to mark the 4th anniversary of the founding of the KPNLF
which befalls on October 9.
In the message Son Sann condemmed Vietnam for its brutalities against the
Kampuchean people and its Vietnamization of Kampuchea by “moving and settling
600 ,000 Vietnamese colonizers in the resources-rich area of Kampuchea in
addition to the 180,000 occupation troops.”
However, Son Sann said, "the morale of the Vietnamese troops in our country
has become low, and the rate of desertion has become high. The aggressors
have become frightened of the Cambodian quagmire.”
On the formation of the coalition government of Democratic Kampuchea, Son Sann
said, "this coalition is to demonstrate to the world in general, and to the
Hanoi leaders in particular, the will and the determination of the Cambodians
of all political persuasions to liberate Cambodia from the Vietnamese aggres-
sors.
Son Sann reiterated his “appeal to all our compatriots everywhere, whether in
the coumtry or abroad, and to all civilian cadres of the Heng Samrin
administration, and all military personnel of the Heng Samrin armed forces,
to join resolutely with our front, and to support the coalition government of
Democratic Kampuchea to which our front is a participating party, in our heroic
and undaunted struggle to liberate our motherland and our people and to restore
to our beloved Cambodia her independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity,
and to all the Cambodian people their human rights and essential freedoms.”
In the message Son Sann noted that the resistance of the Kampuchean people against
Vietnamese aggression enjoys widespread support from the world community. He
expressed his conviction that “the liberation of our motherland and our people
is only a matter of time.”
16
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THAL POREIGN MINISTER URGES KAMPUCHEAN SETTLEMENT
0WO40545 Beijing XINHUA in English 0236 GMT 4 Oct 83
[Text] United Nations, 3 Oct (XINHUA)--Sitthi Sawetsilu, foreign minister of
Thailand, today called for a peaceful and comprehensive political settlement
of the Kampuchean problem in line with the principles outlined by the U.N.
General Assembly and the international conference on Kampuchea.
Speaking at the assembly this afternoon, the Thai foreign minister stressed
the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Kampuchea and the free exercise of
self-determination by the Kampuchean people.
"The situation in Kampuchea continues to be a direct threat to the peace and
stability of the region as well as to international peace and security” he
obse rved.
He pointed out the Kampuchean refugee encampments as well as the local popula-
tion in the border areas are winder constant threat of armed attacks, shelling
and bombardment by Vietnamese occupation forces in Kampuchea.
He recalled that in last April he had proposed that Vietnam withdraw its forces
3 kilometres from the border and that proposal had been endorsed by the
other ASEAN foreign ministers. "Regrettably, Vietnamese response has been
negative,” he noted.
The Thai foreign minister stated: "Vietnam should agree to withdraw troops
from the Thai border which would be more verifiable, as it will take place
in a clearly defined geographical area.”
He further proposed that "a ceasefire be observed in the areas where with-
drawals have taken place, which should then be constituted as safe areas for
uprooted Kampuchean civilians under UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees) auspices.”
A United Nations peace-keeping force or observer group could be introduced to
supervise the withdrawals and to keep peace along the border, he added.
17
Vietnam's present intransigence and intentions, he stated, “constitute destabiliz-
ing factors in Southeast Asia and continue to hinder constructive dialogue and
cooperation among the regional members.”
He called upon Vietnam to forgo the recourse to arms and to begin the process
of negotiations that would lead to a political settlement of the Kampuchean
probiem.
He noted that the eventual convening of an international conference for the
reconstruction and rehabilitation of Kampuchea could take place after the
withdrawal of all foreign forces as part of a comprehensive settlement of the
Kampuchean prob len.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
SINGAPORE FOREIGN MINISTER VIEWS KAMPUCHEA ISSUE
0WO51225 Beijing XINHUA in English 1214 GMT 5 Oct 83
[Text] Hong Kong, 5 Oct (XINHUA)--Singapore will not change its policy on
Kampuchea even though the Vietnamese makes no response, the Singaporean
newspaper STRAITS TIMES reported yesterday quoting Foreign Minister
Suppiah Dhanabalan.
Dhanabalan told the STRAITS TIMES correspondent in the United States that
“we stick by our policy on Kampuchea” calling for Vietnamese troop withdrawal
and self-determination by Kampucheans. “There is no reason to change or
weaken it just because the Vietnamese are not responding,” he said.
He said the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) believed in the
need to apply international pressure on Vietnam. At the U.N. General Assembly
sessions, ASEAN has for four years running demanded Vietnamese troop with-
drawal from Kampuchea.
Referring to the situation in Kampuchea, the Singapore foreign minister said
the resistance forces are growing strong and "there is little hope they
(Vietnamese) can wipe them out in the future.”
Moreover, the Vietnamese are increasingly viewed as invaders in the Kampuchean
areas occupied by the Vietnamese and the Heng Samrin regime and they cannot
even trust the Kampucheans in the Heng Samrin regime, he added.
He said that Vietnam's dependence on the Soviet Union is growing and that
this must be "something of concem.”
"So we see mo reason to change our policy,” he said. "We are not interested
in grinding the Vietnamese to the dust or bringing them down. But if that
is what they choose, there is little that we can do.”
He described U.S. President Ronald Reagan's meeting with Kampuchean leaders
Samdech Norodom Sihanouk and Son Sann on September 25 as a growing inter-
national recognition and acceptance of the opposition in Kampuchea.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
JORDAN RECONSIDERS STANCE ON KAMPUCHEAN ISSUE
OW262351 Beijing XINHUA in English 1604 GMT 26 Sep 83
[Text] Bangkok, September 26 (XINHUA)--Jordan, which abstained from voting
at the last U.N. assembly session on the Kampuchean issue, will reconsider
its stance toward the coalition government of Democratic Kampuchea, a senior
Thai Government official said here this morning.
Arun Phanuphong, an ambassador attached to the Foreign Ministry, said this
after a meeting between Thai Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanon and King Husayn
of Jordan who arrived here yesterday for a three-day visit.
During the 50-minute meeting, Husayn expressed appreciation for Prem's
briefing on Kampuchea. Arun said the king had gained a better knowledge
of the issue.
Arun quoted Husayn as saying that the issue of Kampuchea facing Thailand
is somewhat similar to the issue of the Middle East that Jordan faces, and
he plans to reconsider Jordan's stance on the Kampuchean issue after he con-
sults with his government.
The two leaders also expressed wishes to bolster bilateral trade.
Husayn and his wife, Queen Noor, are to leave for New Delhi Tuesday morning.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
MORE SRV TROOPS DISPATCHED TO KAMPUCHEA
OW2 70857 Beijing XINHUA in English 0721 GMT 27 Sep 83
[Text] Beijing, 27 Sep (XINHUA)--More Vietnamese troops, amounting to 71
truckloads, have entered Kampuchea since the beginning of this month, Radio
Democratic Kampuchea reported today.
On September 10, ten trucks loaded fully with Vietnamese soldiers crossed the
border into Kampuchea and headed westward on Highway No six.
On the following day, a convoy of 60 trucks carrying Vietnam troops were seen
running from Vietnam toward Siemreap City in West Kampuchea.
On September 17, another group of Vietnamese soldiers was trucked to a
Vietnamese barracks in Chhep, Preah Vihear Province.
The radio said these reinfor®ement operations by the Vietnamese authorities
on the eve of the 38th United Nations General Assembly session testified to their
intention to continue occupying Kampuchea and intensifying the aggressive war
against that country in defiance of all the U.N. resolutions adopted on the
Kampuchean issue.
Meanwhile, 63 Heng Samrin puppet soldiers, reluctant to serve as gunfodder for
the Hanoi-backed Phnom Penh regime, deserted their troops and crossed over to
the Democratic Kampuchean Army or went home, the radio said.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
KAMPUCHEAN RADIO CONDEMNS SRV BOMBARDMENTS
OW280841 Beijing XINHUA in English 0815 GMT 28 Sep 83
[Text] Beijing, 28 Sep (XINHUA)--Bombardments against Thai villages and the
bloodshed incidents across the Thai-Kampuchean border engineered by the
Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea are strongly condemned in a commentary broadcast
by Kampuchean Radio today.
The commentary said that from September 20 to 24 the Vietnamese troops in
Kampuchea repeatedly bombarded villages in Trat and Prachin Buri Provinces
and Thai patrol policemen, damaging many houses and killing and wounding many
residents, creating bloodshed incidents across the Thai-Kampuchean border.
But the propaganda organs of Hanoi made a false countercharge calumnating that
it was Thailand that has stirred up the incidents.
The commentary pointed out that the aim of the Vietnamese authorities’ clumsy
trick of thief crying “stop thief" is to distract attention of the current
U.N. General Assembly from the Kampuchean problem and to conceal their crime
of aggression against Kampuchea. But things run counter to the Vietnamese
desires and the incident created by Vietnam has once again enabled the world
to see clearly that the Vietnamese authorities will not give up its aggression
and expansion against Kampuchea and the Southeast Asian cowtries.
The commentary called on the current U.N. General Assembly and the inter-
national community to condemn the Vietnamese aggression and force Vietnam
to carry out the decisions of the U.N. General Assembly and withdraw Vietnamese
troops from Kampuchea. Only when Vietnam has accomplished this, will Kampuchea
have its peace and the tense situation across the Thai-Kampuchean border become
eased, and lasting peace and stability in Southeast Asia be maintained, concluded
the commentary.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA APPEALS FOR UN SEAT
OW291008 Beijing XINHUA in English 0743 GMI 29 Sep 83
[Text] Beijing, 29 Sep (XINHUA)--Radio Democratic Kampuchea today published a
commentary calling for the world community to reaffirm, at the current U.N.
General Assembly session, the legitimacy of its coalition government as a U.N.
membe r .
The commentary said the past four General Assembly sessions had witnessed more
and more countries voting for the legitimate seat of Democratic Kampuchea. This
indicates that most countries in the world respect and safeguard the spirit of
the U.N. charter and international law and disapprove the wilful act of a
country to violate by means of force the sovereignty of another country.
It said the support of the world community for the Kampuchean people's struggle
against Vietnamese aggressors and especially for the legitimate seat of
Democratic Kampuchea in the United Nations constitutes "direct and practical
contributions” to the maintenance of Kampuchea's sovereignty, independence and
territorial integrity. The continuous development of the Kampuchean people's
Struggle against Vietnam cannot be separated from such support, it said.
It also expressed the determination of the Kampuchean people and the coalition
government to finally defeat the Vietnamese aggressors in what will contribute
to curbing Vietnamese and Soviet military expansion in Southeast Asia.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
SIHANOUK ADDRESSES UN ON KAMPUCHEAN ISSUE
0OW050138 Beijing XINHUA in English 0108 CMT 5 Oct 83
[Text] United Nations, 4 Oct (XINHUA)--Samdech Norodom Sihanouk today called
upon Vietnam and the Soviet Union to respect the U.N. resolutions and to
participate in the international conference on Kampuchea “in order to solve
the Kampuchean problem for which these two powers bear the major part of
responsibility.”
Addressing the general assembly this morning, the president of Democratic
Kampuchea stressed that a political solution should be brought to this problem
in accordance with the just resolutions of the General Assembly of Kampuchea.
Samdeth Norodom Sihanouk made a three-point “guarantee” of the coalition
government in relation with Vietnam and the Soviet Union.
~~Kampuchea, once liberated in its integrality, will be strictly neutral and
non-aligned;
--following the total withdrawal of foreign troops from Kampuchea, the general
elections in Kampuchea will be held under the supervision of the United Nations;
-~there will also be reconciliation and friendship with Vietnam and its allies
if they cease definitely interfering in the internal affairs of Kampuchea and
respect the independence, sovereignty, neutrality and territorial integrity
of Kampuchea.
He declared the coalition government of Democratic Kampuchea he is heading is
not “in exile,” but it is carrying out the struggle on the national soil of
Kampuchea against the occupiers.
Sihanouk challenged the foreign personalities who are doubtful about the
vitality of the national resistance led by the coalition government of
Democratic Kampuchea. He said those people could, if they so desired,
accompany him next January to Kampuchea to meet the people, soldiers, Buddhist
monks and Muslim and Christian compatriots.
24
Charging the Hanoi Government for “physically” Vietnamizing Kampuchea, he said
over and above the 200,000 Vietnamese soldiers and thousands of “technicians”
and “advisers” from Hanoi had controlled a part of Kampuchea. About 600,000
Vietnamese settlers in Kampuchea were exploiting “our lands and ricefields,
our villages, forests, lakes and rivers, our coasts and other natural
resources.”
Rebuf fing Vietnamese allegation that it will withdraw all its troops from
Kampuchea when the (so-called) “Chinese threat" will have disappeared,
the Kampuchean president assured that "in my country or near my country there
is no ‘Chinese threat.'”
"The only threat in our region, Southeast Asia, comes from the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam and the Soviet Union,” he stated.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
SRV URGED TO HEAD WORLD OPINION ON KAMPUCHEA
HKO 80242 Beijing CHINA DAILY in English 8 Oct 83 p 4
[Article by CHINA DALLY commentator: "Kampuchean Issue"]
[Text] The 38th session of the United Nations General Assembly has again
heard demands from the heads of various delegations for total withdrawal of
Vietnamese aggressive forces from Kampuchea. Meanwhile, ASEAN foreign ministers
have rejected Vietnam's proposal that ASEAN drop its annual demand for
Vietnamese military withdrawal from the country in exchange for Vietnam's
promise to concede the UN seat to the coalition government of Democratic
Kampuchea,
The withdrawal of the Vietnamese troops from the invaded peace-loving neighbour-
ing country must be unconditional. The seat in the United Nations of the
Democratic Kampuchea as a full-fledged member is not negotiable. It was brazen
of Vietnam even to think of such an exchange demand,
It is almost five years since Kampuchea became the victim of undisguised armed
aggression and military occupation by Vietnam with the support of a superpower.
The invasion has caused untold sufferings to the Kampuchean people, including
hundreds of thousands forcibly displaced by the invaders. The military presence
of Vietnam on the territory of Democratic Kampuchea poses a constant threat to
peace and security of all countries in the region, especially of Thailand.
Sove reignty
It is only natural that the UN General Assembly has every year expressed the
strong indignation of the international community against Vietnam's wanton
violation of the UN charter in both letter and spirit. That nas been the least
the world organization can do.
In defence of their sovereignty and independence, the national army and guerrillas
of Democratic Kampuchea have been putting up a valiant fight against the
Vietnamese invaders. Considering the enormous odds they are fighting against,
not the least the superior Soviet weaponry, the Kampuchean people have not done
so badly in withholding five successive dry-season offensives launched by the
invasion troops.
26
Unable to put down the resistance of the Kampuchean people and, in the mean-
time, unwilling to withdraw its aggressive forces from the invaded country,
Vietnamese authorities have resorted to all kinds of trickery in am attempt
to escape international condemnation and make its occupation a fait accom li.
The most recent and least tenable has been Vietnam's attempts to describe the
Kampuchean question as an issue between China and Vietnam.
Ae a friend of Kampuchea and a neighbour of Vietnam, China has joined the ASEAN
nations and most countries in the world to seek a rational settlement of the
Kampuchean issue.
(uarantee
iina hopes that, after the withdrawal of the Vietnamese troops, Kampuchea will
become an independent, peaceful, neutral and nonaligned country, and that free
elections will be held there under UN supervision for the Kampuchean people to
choose their political system and government leaders. And China is prepared
to join other countries concerned in an international guarantee.
The once friendly Sino-Vietnamese relations have deteriorated in recent years
only as a result of the invasion and occupation of Kampuchea by the Vietnamese
authorities who have pursued regional hegemony in Indo-China and Southeast
Asia, discriminated against Chinese residents and opposed China.
The Chinese Government has expressed willingness to resume negotiation with
Vietnam on improving the relations between the two countries once Vietnam has
declared its decision to pull out all its troops from Kampuchea and has moved
the first batch of them back to within its own borders.
Samdech Nordom Sihanouk, president of Democratic Kampuchea, has also guaranteed
at the current UN session that, following the total withdrawal of foreign
troops, general elections in Kampuchea will be held under UN supervision. He
promised that a strictly neutral and non-aligned Kampuchea after liberation
will improve its relations with Vietnam if the latter and its allies no longer
interfere in the internal affairs and respects the sovereignty of Kampuchea.
Vietnam started the trouble by waging an aggressive war against a neighbouring
country, which it can never win. For the sake of the peace and stability in
the region and, not the least, for the urgently needed economic recovery
and the people's welfare in Vietnam itself, it is time that the Vietnamese
authorities took heed of the world opinion and acted accordingly.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
VODK REFUTES VIETNAMESE PROPOSAL ON KAMPUCHEA
0W062142 Beijing XINHUA in English 1837 GMT 6 Oct 83
[Text] Beijing, 6 Oct (XINHUA)--Radio Democratic Kampuchea today described
as “ridiculous” Vietnamese Foreign Minister Nguyen Co Thach's proposal on
Kampuchea which asked the ASEAN states to drop their demand for a Vietnamese
withdrawal from Kampuchea.
Referring to Nguyen Co Thach's proposal which asked the ASEAN states to cancel
their demand in exchange for a Vietnamese promise to concede the U.N. seat to
Democratic Kampuchea, the radio said in a commentary that by playing the new
trick, Nguyen Co Thach is attempting to legalize Vietnam's aggression in
Kampuchea and realize its aim of occupying the country forever.
The commentary said the moment Nguyen Co Thach’s proposal came out, it was
exposed and flatly rejected by the five ASEAN foreign ministers. By so doing,
Thach had made a fool of himself at the present U.N. General Assembly session
and thus became more isolated.
The commentary said, on the issue of Kampuchean representation at the U.N.,
Vietnam had been trying hard in the past fcur years to squeeze the Phnom Penh
puppet regime into the United Nations to replace Democratic Kampuchea. However,
at every U.N. session since 1979, the number of states supporting the
Democratic Kampuchean seat had been increasing annually. Vietnam will suffer
a more bitter defeat this year, the commentary predicted.
The commentary said from the very beginning of the present U.N. session,
the Vietnamese acts of aggression in Kampuchea had been widely condemned by
the member states. This showed that it was totally correct for the ASEAN
states to adhere to the adopted U.N. resolutions on Kampuchea and reject
Thach's proposal.
The commentary appealed to all the justice-loving countries of the world to
continue exerting pressure on Vietnam and force it to withdraw its troops from
Kampuchea and let the Kampuchean people exercise their right to self-
determination by themselves without any outside interference.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
VIETNAMESE TROOPS SHELL KPNLF HEADQUARTERS
OW250830 Beijing XINHUA in English 0812 GMT 25 Sep 83
[Text] Bangkok, September 25 (XINHUA)--Vietnamese troops yesterday bombarded
Ampil Village, Kampuchea, the headquarters of the National Front for the
Liberation of the Khmer People (KPNLF), 15 kilometers north of Ta Phraya
District of Prachinburi Province of eastern Thailand, the "Bangkok Post"
reported today.
The KPNLF is one of the three Kampuchean resistance forces. It is led by
Premier Son Sann.
The newspaper quoted Thai field military sources as reporting that this was
the second major Vietnamese attack on the Kampuchean resistance forces
following a rainy season lull in fighting. The first attack occurred on
September 22 when Vietnamese gunners bombarded a Khmer Rouge stronghold
opposite Aranyaprathet District of Prachinburi Province.
The report said that during yesterday's battle which lasted seven hours,
about 3,000 KPNLF guerrillas, in coordination with local villagers, put up
@ stiff resistance to the Vietnamese bombardment. No casualties were known
for the time being.
Thai soldiers stationed along the border opposite the battle area have been
put on alert to prevent a possible spillover of fighting into Thai territory.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
THAI SPOKESMAN REJECTS KAMPUCHEAN CHARGES
(W161847 Beijing XINHUA in English 1830 GMT 16 Sep 83
[Text] Bangkok, 16 Sep (XINHUA)--The charges of “collaboration” between China
and Thailand in attempting to “seek territorial expansion in Indochina”
published in a white paper by the Heng Samrin government were rejected by
Thai Foreign Ministry spokesman Chet Sucharitkwm at a press conference given
here today .
The white paper, published on September 13 by the Vietnam-backed Heng Samrin
regime, accused Thailand of “pursuing, over the past eight centuries, an
expansionist policy aimed at annexing Kampuchea.”
Chet said that the Heng Samrin government is a parrot that repeats the words
of others. He said Vietnam must be criticized for giving the words to the
parrot.
In other remarks Chet said that Thailand has not sent soldiers to invade
Kampuchea and on the contrary has shouldered heavy burdens to assist Kampuchean
refugees.
He said Vietnam has decided to occupy Kampuchea for a long time because it is
rich in natural resources. It has sent nearly 600,000 Vietnamese immigrants
to settle in Kampuchea.
He said Vietnam first alleged that it invaded Kampuchea in order "to overthrow
the brutal rule of Khmer Rouge” and then it claimed that its occupation of
Kampuchea was "to resist the menace from China.” All these allegations are
but only the Vietnam's pretexts to prolong ite occupation of Kampuchea, he
stressed.
The Thai Foreign Ministry spokesman also stated that the Kampuchean question
should be resolved by a total withdrawal of Vietnamese troops from Kampuchea.
Referring to relations between Thailand and Laos, Chet said that Thailand has
not launched attacks of any kind against Laos. He also expressed the hope
that border conflicts between the two countries would be resolved through
political negotiations in am atmosphere of self-restraint.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
THAI FOREIGN MINISTER CONFIDENT ON DK VOTE IN UN
OW161021 Beijing XINHUA in English 0743 GMT 16 Sep 83
[Text] Bangkok, 16 Sep (XINHUA)--Thai Foreign Minister Sitthi Sawetsila
expressed the conviction Thursday that the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) would win more votes for the seat of Democratic Kampuchea at
the upcoming U.N. General Assembly session.
Talking to local reporters, Sitthi disclosed that ASEAN had drafted resolu
tions on Kampuchea which would be up for debate and endorsement by the
U.N. Ceneral Assembly. The areas to be stressed in the draft resolutions
include: total withdrawal of foreign troops from Kampuchea, sel f-determinat ion
for the Kampuchean people, the refugee problem and the call for an independent,
neutral and nonaligned Kampuchea, he said.
He said ASEAN expects more than 50 nation to co-sponsor this year's resolu-
tions on Kampuchea, compared to 49 U.N. members last year.
Sitthi said Indonesian Foreign Minister Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja would send a
note to his counterparts of various countries to refute recent claims by
Vietnamese Foreign Minister Nguyen Co Thach. Thach alledged that ASEAN and
"three Indochinese coumtries” are in the process of establishing regional
dialogue and hence, the United Nations should not disrupt the process, and
that the 7th non-aligned summit held in New Delhi in March, this year, had
denied recognition to the Democrat’.c Kampuchean coalition government and left
the Kampuchean seat vacant.
The Thai foreign minister said although ASEAN had accepted Vietnam's proposal
for separate talks between ASEAN and Vietnamese foreigner ministers, he would
be the last to talk to Thach and had “nothing special” to consult with the
latter. ASEAN "will ask Vietnam to pull back its troops from Western
Kampuchea as a first step towards a total troop withdrawal,” Sitthi said.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
THAL REPORTS CLAIM HANOL PLANS TO ASSIMILATE
OW101754 Beijing XINHUA in English 1420 GMT 10 Oct 83
[Text] Bangkok, 10 Oct (XINHUA)—Over 100,000 Vietnamese have migrated into
Laos under Hanoi's schemes to assimilate Laos since Hanoi and Vientiane
signed a "friendship and cocrzration" agreement in 1977, local newspapers
reported today.
Quoting "The Voice of Free Asia Radio” of Thailand, the report said most of
the Vietnamese migrants, including soldiers, officials, technicians, workers
and peasants, have settled down in central and southern Laos.
Vietnamese officiais are sent, whenever possible, to the countryside so that
they can collect grains for the stationing Vietnamese troops, said the radio.
They have their own administrative system with which the Lao officials cannot
interfere.
The radio said a number of Vietnamese has been sent to work in schools in Laos,
while 20,000 Lao middle school graduates and 5,000 other young people have
been sent to Vietnam for training.
The radio reported tiat the Lao officials who are discontented with the
Vietnamese control are obliged to have a three-year training in Vietnam.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
THAILAND OPPOSES EUROMISSILES TRANSFER TO ASIA
OW211246 Beijing XINHUA in English 0815 GMT 21 Sep 83
[Text] Bangkok, 21 Sep (XINHUA)--Prasong Sunsiri, secretary-general of the
Thai National Security Council, said Tuesday that his government favors
nuclear disarmament but opposes the transfer by superpowers of the Euro-
missiles to Asia, the local paper SING SIAN YIT PAO reported today.
Speaking to reporters, Prasong said that all countries in the world, especially
those in Asia, are extremely concerned about the U.S.-Soviet nuclear arms
limitation talks in Geneva. The reasons for such concern, he added, are that
if the superpowers have decided to reduce the number of nuclear arms in Europe
and transfer them to Asia, this would promptly increase the tension instead
of reducing the threat of nuclear war in the area.
Referring to the Sino-Soviet talks on bilateral relations, Prasong said his
government is in favor of the talks, though they are matters conceming
China and the Soviet Union.
On the Kampuchean issue, Prasong noted that his country and other ASEAN member
Mations do not wish to see the spread of the Kampuchean war and will have it
contained in that country, because a wider war would inevitably effect the
region greatly.
Therefore, he said, the Kampuchean issue must be settled by peaceful means.
However, he added that so long as the Kampuchean people persist in struggle,
they will surely be able to win final victory.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
BANGKOK POST OUTLINES SOVIET THREAT TO ASIA
OW201401 Beijing XINHUA in English 1253 GMT 20 Sep 83
[Text] Bangkok, 19 Sep (XINHUA)--In face of the intensified Soviet military
buildup throughout Asia in recent years, the Asian countries must close ranks
to counter Soviet military action, an editorial in the local newspaper
BANGKOK POST said today.
The editorial said that Moscow has doubled its fleet in Asia to 175 ships
and submarines and stationed its largest troop-carrying assault ship in Asian
waters.
Its aircraft carrier, the "Minsk," is in Asia and has occasionally been in
Thai waters. The editorial noted that at any given time, roughly 15 of these
ships are in the waters of Southeast Asia.
It said that besides its full access to Cam Ranh Bay and Da Nang in Vietnan,
the Soviet Union has missiles, including SS-20's, 51 divisions, bomber air-
craft and reconnaissance planes using Vietnam for staging and resupplying.
"In Afghanistan it is fighting a war," the editorial said. "In Vietnam,
Kampuchea and Laos thousands of Soviet military advisers are demonstrating
how to launch invasions in a dozen overt and covert ways.”
In addition to mobilizing public opinion against the Soviet threat, the
editorial stressed, "there must be military action to thwart military action....
The editorial said that "the Soviet Union seeks constantly, itself and through
{word indistinct] puppet like Vietnam and Afghanistan, to overturn the balance
of power of its own side. All countries have a duty to combat this.”
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34
SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
ASEAN PARLIAMENTARIANS MEET IN SINGAPORE
OW060232 Beijing XINHUA in English 0104 GMT 6 Oct 83
[Text] Beijing, 5 Oct (XINHUA)--The sixth Association of Southeast Asian
Nations Inter-Parliamentary Organisation (AIPO) assembly opened in Singapore
today with a full agenda including the establishment of a joint ASEAN
parliament.
Addressing the opening session, Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew urged
younger potential leaders in ASEAN to get to know each other better and
ensure a continued close rapport between the members.
He pointed out that ASEAN countries have different constitutional and legal
systems, but their parliamentarians have been able to find common ground for
interaction and understanding and this is a considerable achievement.
Messages from the heads of government of the otter four members--Thailand,
Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines--were read at the meeting. Malaysian
Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed said in his message that developments in the
region have underlined the need for ASEAN to develop a strong consensus. He
said ASEAN must “continue to condemn and resist” all inhuman activities such
as foreign military occupation of Afghanistan and Kampuchea as well as Soviet
shooting down of a South Korean airliner last month.
He said Vietnam's "wanton and unheeding” forces in Kampuchea had forced help-
less families to flee their country.
Thai Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanon called an AIPO delegates to study the
situation in Kampuchea and along its border with Thailand which, he said
threatens regional peace and stability.
Indonesian President Suharto said in his message that the meeting coincided
with the current global situation still facing various difficult trials and
in meeting the challenges ASEAN should consolidate itself.
Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos reiterated his offer to make Manila
the site of the permanent AIPO secretariat.
About 100 members of the national parliaments from the five nations are attend-
ing the meeting. Other items on the agenda include exchange of visits with
other parliaments, review of regional and intermational political issues and
protection of wildlife.
35
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
THAL PAPERS ON PRC SOVEREIGNTY OVER HONG KONG
0w281/48 Beijing XINHUA in English 1522 GMT 28 Sep 83
[Text] Bangkok, 28 Sep (XINHUA)--It would be a “galling humiliation” for China
if it allows the foreign rule over Hong Kong to be unduly prolonged in any
form, says 4a commentary in the Chinese-language newspaper TONG NGUAN YIT POH,
here today.
It repudiates the fallacy of "swapping sovereignty over Hong Kong for adminis-
trative power there” by saying: "sovereignty could be devoid of any meaning
if it is separated from administrative power.”
Surely all conscientious Chinese support the Chinese Government's determination
to recover its sovereignty over Hong Kong including its administrative power
there, the commentary says.
It goes on to say that the history of international relations shows sovereignty
finds its expression in the independence of a country and its independent
exercise of authority and that administrative power is an important component
of sovereignty.
As it is today, writes the commentary, “Hong Kong serves as a brand left by
the humiliation the Chinese suffered in the past. So long as Hong Kong remains
in the hands of the British colonialists, the Chinese will go on smarting
under the sense of this humiliation.”
“China is determined to recover Hong Kong and wipe off the brand of past
humiliation. It will recover not only its sovereignty but also the administra-
tive power over Hong Kong without fail,” it said.
The commentary appeals to all Chinese with due national pride to support the
Chinese Government's just stand on the question of Hong Kong.
Another Chinese-language newspaper THE NEW CHINA DAILY NEWS, in an editorial
today recalls what Britain has said and done before and after the fourth round
of the Sino-British talks. The recent sharp drop in the value of the HKdollar,
it points out, was the result of the British maneuver to bring pressure to bear
on China by playing “the economic card.” But this cannot have any effect on
China’s firm stand, it says.
The paper concludes by saying: "Should Britain choose to maintain its friend-
ship and cooperation with China and discuss Hong Kong's future with it sensibly,
it can definitely arrive at a solution satisfactory to both and the five
million people of Hong Kong.
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SOUTHEAST ASLA/PACIFLC
SIHANOUK VISITS BELGIUM 13-15 SEPTEMBER
OW151749 Beijing XINHUA in English 1633 CMT 19 Sep 83
[Text] Brussels, 15 Sep (XINHUA)--President of the Democratic Kampuchea
Samdech Norodom Sihanouk paid a private working visit here from September 13 to 15
as part of his European tour seeking diplomatic support for Democratic Kampuchea.
In his meeting with Belgian Minister of External Relations Leo Tindemans last
night, Sihanouk thanked the Belgian Government for its humanitarian support
and aid to the Kampuchean people and said he hoped it would continue to do
so in order to help Kampuchea become a neutral and non-aligned state again.
A neutral and non-aligned Kampuchea would be an acceptable solution to the
Kampuchea issue for ASEAN countries and it would also benefit his own country,
he said.
Belgium is vice-president of the special committee set up by the international
conference on the Kampuchean issue. It has condemned Vietnam's policy on
Kampuchea and voted in favor of seating Democratic Kampuchea in the
United Nations. But it has not yet given official recognition to the coalition
government of Democratic Kampuchea.
Sihanouk is scheduled to leave for the Netherlands today.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
NEW ZEALAND TO ESTABLISH FIRST MEDIATION BODY
OW31251 Beijing XINHUA in English 1211 GMT W Sep 83
[Text] Beijing, 3 Sep (XINHUA)--Following China's practice, New Zealand is
to establish its first “mediation tribunal” next year, visiting New Zealand
chief justice Ronald Davison, who flew to Xian today, told Chinese friends
during his stay here.
In China, mediation is conducted by either a court or a people's mediation
committee. It is always voluntary and parties agree on which form of media-
tion they prefer.
China now has more than 860,000 mediation committees with a total of more
than 5.3 million mediators in rural and urban areas. Mediation committees
dealt with more than 8.16 million civil disputes in 1982.
China is long tradition of mediation was a good way to resolve civil disputes,
the 62-year-old chief justice said [sentence as received]. Thus, he said, “we
have followed China to introduce mediation to New Zealand.”
Davison is accompanied by Bruce Slane, president of the New Zealand Law Society.
After their arrival here on September 25, the guests visited a prison and the
law department of Beijing University and had several discussions with legal
specialists.
“What I'm very interested in is your comprehensive programme dealing with
offences," the chief justice told Chinese Justice Minister Zhou Yu during their
meeting here. The guests were told about China’s efforts over the past few
years to improve its legal system.
Minister Zhou summarized the aim as "the unity of dealing blows at criminal
offences and preventing law breaking.” Only by dealing blows at of fenders
could the necessary conditions be created to prevent criminal offences, the
minister said. In addition, he said, China has adopted many ways to prevent
offences, including education in law among the people, mobilization of units
and families to educate and redeem erring people.
When Rong Yiren, vice-chairman of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee
met with the New Zealand guests, both voiced confidence that the relations of
friendship between the legal circles of the two countries would continue to be
strengthened.
A Chinese jourists’ delegation is expected to leave for New Zealand next month.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
AUSTRALIA REAFFIRMS SUPPORT FOR ANZUS TREATY
04161759 Beijing XINHUA in English 1600 CMT 16 Sep 83
[Text] Canberra, 16 Sep (XINHUA)--Australian Foreign Minister Bill Hayden
reaffirmed his government's “full support” for the Anzus treaty but at the
same time declared an independent approach to defence needs of his country.
Hayden made the remarks in a statement issued yesterday on the recent review
by the Australian Covernment of the Anzus treaty following consultations
with the governments of the United States and New Zealand.
In the statement Hayden said: “The review has led to a firm and unequivocal
reaffirmation of the alliance as fundamental to Australia’s national security
and foreign and defence policies.”
However, he said, “the treaty does not provide any automatic guarantee of
military support in the event of attack or major threat."
“Anzus is not a paper tiger, but it is up to Australia first and foremost
to look after itself,” he added.
He said: “It would not be prudent to base the development of our defence
force structure on the assumption that our force will necessarily be part
of a superpower deployment in the event of any form of hostilities in which
we are involved.”
Regarding the bilateral agreement on the U.S. military bases in Australia,
Hayden said that their contribution "to deterrence of nuclear war fully
justifies any risks that might be seen as arising from our having those
facilities in Australia."
He reiterated that his government “exercises independence of judgment" in matters
of international relations and prepares "to disagree with allies where it is in
the best interests of the alliance, and certainly where it is in the best
interests of this nation.”
"A stable, harmonious and economically viable environment” in the Asian-Pacific
region will be “much more important” to the future peace and security of
Australia than any treaty, he said.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA/PACIFIC
BRIEFS
AFRICAN SUPPORT ON KAMPUCHEA--Bangkok, 15 Sep (XINHUA)--Thai Deputy Foreign
Minister Praphat Limpraphan told reporters here today that many African
countries had expressed their support for ASEAN's stand on the Kampuchean
issue. Praphat made these remarks just after his return from a month-long
official visit to a number of African countries including Kenya, Senegal,
the Ivory Coast, Tunisia, Morocco, Madagascar and Algeria. Describing his
trip to Africa as a big success, Praphat said that the main aim of his visit
was to explain the ASEAN's stand on the Kampuchean issue and to promote
trade with these African countries. He said that many African countries had
shown sign of support for ASEAN's call for the total withdrawal of Vietnamese
troops from Kampuchea and some non-aligned nations had told him that they
would consider the Kampuchean issue carefully once it was raised at the
upcoming session of the United Nations General Assembly. [Text] [0W151637
Beijing XINHUA in English 1546 GMT 15 Sep 83]
THAL PATROLS ATTACKED--Bangkok, 23 Sep (XINHUA)--Vietnamese aggressor troops
in Kampuchea on September 20 opened fire across the Kampuchean-Thai border
at a group of Thai patrol policemen, wounding two of them, according to a
report of the security command of Khlong Yai District reaching here today.
The report said that at 4:15 p.m. that day, 20 Thai policemen on a truck were
moving towards a border outpost when they were shot at by Vietnamese soldiers
stationed in the Kampuchean-Thai border mountain opposite Khlong Yai District
of Trat Province of Thailand. Some rocket shells exploded near the truck
and shell fragments hit the two policemen. According to another report,
on September 22, Vietnamese troops fired over 10 artillery shells across the
Kampuchean-Thai border into Saen Suk village, eouth of the border town of
Aranyaprathet. The firing, which started at around 3 p.m., damaged a temple
and killed a few animals. Threatened by the shooting, villagers rushed out
of their residence to hide themselves inside huge pipelines earlier erected
as bunkers at Aranyaprathet District. [Text] [0W230831 Beijing XINHUA in
English 0750 GMI 23 Sep 83)
SRV TROOP PLAN REJECTED--Bangkok, 2 Oct (XINHUA)--ASEAN foreign ministers have
rejected a Vietnamese proposal for ASEAN to drop its annual demand for
Vietnamese troop withdrawal from Kampuchea in exchange for a Vietnamese promise
to concede the United Nations seat to Democratic Kampuchea, reported BANGKOK
POST today. Quoting an ASEAN source, the paper said the deal was proposed
40
by Vietnamese Foreign Minister Nguyen Co Thach in a personal letter to his
counterparts of five ASEAN nations--Thatland, Indonesia, the Philippines,
Singapore and Malaysia--who are now in New York attending the 38th U.N.
(eneral Assembly session. The source disclosed that the decision to reject
Nguyen Co Thach’s proposal was made by the five ministers early this morning.
They turned down the Vietnamese proposal because they were confident that
the ASEAN-sponsored resolution at the current U.N. session calling for
Vietnamese troop withdrawal and self-determination for Kampuchea would get
at least as much support as last year's. [Text] [0W020804 Beijing XINHUA
in English 07486 GMT 2 Oct 83)
KAMPUCHEAN RES ISTANCE--Canberra, 6 Oct (XINHUA)--The resistance in Kampuchea
is gathering strength and the Heng Samrin army is no longer reliable, said a
report carried in THE AUSTRALIAN here today. The report, written by
Peter Samuel from Washington, quoted an Indo-China expert, Stephen Morris,
who has just returned from a two-week tour of resistance centres in Kampuchea,
as saying that the Kampuchean resistance is gaining ground and that the
Henny Samrin army is becoming weaker and weaker. Fraternisation with the
resistance and defections had become so serious that the Heng Samrin army had
been confined by the Vietnamese to police-style operations away from the
fighting. ‘Many are now fighting the Vietnamese occupiers,’ Morris said.
According to Morris, the Kampuchea resistance guerrillas are ‘now a broadly-
based resistance movement of people of all social classes.‘ They ‘are now
operating over large areas of the country and only the major cities are safe
for the Vietnamese,’ he said, Morris also said that the resistance guerrillas
are well armed with weapons captured from Vietnamese forces. [Text] (0W061335
Beijing XINHUA in English 1224 GMT 6 Oct 83]
KAMPUCHEAN UN SEAT--Hong Kong, 21 Sep (XINHUA)--Indonesian Foreign Minister
Mokhtar Kugumaatmaja has said that ASEAN's strategy should be focused on
retaining Democratic Kampuchea'’s seat in the United Nations, states a Jakarta
report. Speaking as chairman of the ASEAN Standing Committee, Kusumaatmaja told
the committee's second meeting here on Monday that with this in view, he had
written letters to the foreign ministers of the countries which voted with the
ASEAN at the last session of the United Nations General Assembly. He emphasized
that ASEAN's ultimate objective continues to be a comprehensive and just solution
tou the Kampuchea problem, "which of necessity includes the total withdrawal of
all foreign troops from the territory of Kampuchea." [Text] (0W211335 Beijing
XINHUA in English 0738 CMT 21 Sep 83)
PHILIPPINE UNITY--Manila, 21 Sep (XINHUA)--Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos
urged people today to address themselves to national problems with wisdom,
prudence and unity rather than “political expediency, demagoguery and dis-
cordant action.” The president made the appeal over nationwide radio and
television on the occasion of the llth anniversary of the declaration of martial
law, which was marked by the biggest ever anti-government demonstration in the
Philippines. Marcos said, “the opposition will be engaged in recriminations,
accusations and agitations for changes that are designed not for public good
but mainly to serve the ends of people who would want to put the political and
economic stability of our nation in jeopardy." The president said earlier
41
that the government would exercise extreme tolerance in dealing with demon-
strations as long as they do not destroy public and private property. The
government would be tolerant and principally keep its distance, he said.
[Text] (LD212258 Beijing XINHUA in English 1623 GMI 21 Sep 83]
SRV IN KAMPUCHEA--Bangkok, 8 Oct (XINHUA)--Secretary general of the National
Security Council of Thailand Prasong Sunsiri predicted on Friday that re-
sistance to the Vietnamese occupation in Kampuchea would become fiercer
in the coming year. He added that so long as Vietnam attempts to dominate
Kampuchea, the anti-Vietnamese war in Kampuchea will continue and the
Kampuchean resistance forces will grow in strength in struggle. Prasong
made the remarks here before his departure for Geneva to attend the annual
meeting of the United Nations High Commission for Refugee (UNHCR) during which
he will press for the resettlement of more Indochinese refugees in third
countries and more financial assistance to refugees in Thailand. He said he
will tell the meeting of the Vietnamese military operations which affected
over 200,000 Kampucheans along the Thai-Kampuchean border. He will also
inform the meeting of the failure of Western countries to fulfill their
commitment to help relieve the refugee burden now being shouldered by Thailand,
he added. [Text] [0W080746 Beijing XINHUA in English 0734 GMT 8 Oct 83)
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42
NEAR EAST/SOUTH ASIA
IRAN-IRAQ WAR CAUSING GRAVE CONCERN IN WORLD
HK230849 Beijing CHINA DAILY in English 23 Sep 83 p 4
{"Opinion” column by CHINA DAILY commentator: ‘The Iran-Iraq War")
[Text] The war between Iran and Iraq has entered its fourth year with no
end yet in sight. The protracted fighting between the two neighbouring
countries has cost heavy losses in life and property to both sides, and
there is always the danger of intervention for either or both of the super-
powers whose contention for hegemony has been a root cause of every trouble
in the Middle East. So far, they seem to be content with maintaining a
relative equilibrium by arms and credit supplies to keep the fire burning.
It may be recalled that the war has passed through two stages, both of which
have resulted in a stalemate. In September 1980, Iraq launched an all-out
offensive against Iran and soon seized some 20,000 square kilometres of
Iranken territory, threatening Iran's important oil city of Abadan. A year
later, Iran began its counter-offensive, and by the end of June 1982, Iraq
had announced that all its forces had withdrawn to "the international border."
Iran has since launched seven large-scale attacks but all of them have been
stalled by stiff Iraqi resistance.
Common Task
Whatever reasons that either side may have to continue the war cannot be
really worthy of the enormous drain on manpower and material resources in
both countries. The pace of development has slackened, and the war burden
weighs heavily on the back of the people in both countries. The danger is
that anxiety to win may be tempting the leadetships to bigger risks. Already
Iraq has warned that it will keep bombing Iranian oil fields. In return,
Iran has declared that it would block the Hormouz Straits. In the event
of such a development, third-party involvement in the war would seem almost
inevitable.
Iran and Iraq are both countries where earliest civilizations existed. Both
were long subjected to oppression and plunder by imperialiem. Both are rich
in oil and other resources and face the common task of stepped-up development
so as to back up their political independence with economic independence.
And the people in both countries are predominately Muslim. In war, both
have suffered; in peace, both will flourish.
43
The continuation of the Iran-Iraq war in the already sensitive Middle East
region is causing graver and graver concern.in the world. Over the past
three years, many international organizations and countries have put forward
varius peace proposals. The United Nations General Assembly and the Security
Council passed resolutions calling for a ceasefire. Some avenue to mutual
understanding and mutual accommodation can surely be found whereby the two
neighbours will live and thrive together in peace.
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NEAR EAST/SOUTH ASIA
APCHAN QUESTION REVIEWED BY BEIJING JOURNAL
Beijing SHIJIE ZHISHI [WORLD KNOWLEDCE] in Chinese No 12, 16 Jun 83, p 4
[Article by Bu Xigiao [1580 1585 0829]: "New Trends in the Afghanistan Issue”]
[Text] In the recent past, the political struggle surrounding the question of
Afghanistan showed some new trends. Activities aimed at seeking for a “politi-
cal settlement” are on the increase.
Last year, through the mediation of Diego Cordovez, the representative of the
secretary general of the United Nations, Pakistan and Afghanistan held their
first roundoff “indirect talks” in Geneva and reached "a package of plans.”
These plans included the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, return
of Afghan refugees to their homeland, countries in question to guarantee
noninterference in each other's internal affairs, and an international guaranty.
These four issues must be resolved simultaneously in an all-round way.
In both January and February this year, when Cordovez made his “shuttle visits”
between Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, the latter two countries again agreed
to leave to the United Nations talking to Afghan refugees on conditions for
their returning home. From 11 through 22 April, Cordovez chaired “indirect
talks” between Pakistan and Afghanistan in Geneva. In this round of talks,
both « greed in principle to let refugees return to their homeland volun-
taril sever, they failed to reach an agreement on ways to determine the
wishes of refugees including the way to set up an organization to consult with
refugees and the conditions for refugees to return home. The Pakistan side
felt that the two parties in the Afghan conflict are the Soviet Union-Karmal
and the people of Afghanistan. Pakistan is not authorized to make decisions
on behalf of the Afghan refugees. Therefore, Pakistan advocated to leave it
to Cordovez to contact the Afghan refugees and set conditions for them to re-
turn home at their own will. This actually placed the representative of the
refugees in a position to participate in the “indirect talks.” The Pakistan
side also emphasized that both the question of the withdrawal of Soviet troops
from Afghanistan and that of letting refugees return home safely and honorably
have close internal relations. Yet, the Karmal regime insisted that Pakistan
must first offer a guarantee of “noninterferences in other's internal affairs."
Pakistan solumnly rejected this unreasonable demand of Afghanistan. Due to
the fact that the positions of both parties appeared to be far apart, the second
"indirect talks” recessed without achieving any real progress.
45
According to a newly agreed time table, the second round “indirect talks” will
be resumed 16 June. The world opinion takes the matter seriously. There is
such an estimate that from now on it is possible to reach certain compromises
and thereby making certain progress in seeking for a “political settlement.”
However, it is generally believed that it will take some time to make any pro-
gress for reaching a “political settlement.” In the near future, it is diffi-
cult to make a major breakthrough. The main reasons are:
(1) The Soviet Union will not easily withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.
The military occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union is a key link of the
Soviet global strategy. Since the new Soviet leader came to power, it has
been proved by his words and deeds that the basic Soviet policy toward Afghan-
istan remains unchanged. In fact, at the time when the Soviet Union speaks
loudly about the withdrawal of its troops from Afghanistan, such permanent
strategic facilities as the construction and expansion of large airports and
guided missile launching sites, construction of highways and underground oil
depots, and so forth are being strengthened. This year, Soviet troops have
further intensified their efforts to put down Afghan resistant forces and carry
out indiscriminate bombing against them. This indicates that the Soviet Union
has not yet given up its plan of settling the Afghan issue by military means.
Although Afghanistan has already become a heavy burden to the Soviet Union, it
seems that it has not yet reached the point where the Soviet Union can sustain
itself only if it immediately withdraws its troops.
(2) The Karmal regime is very unstable. Tempered in struggles over the past
3 years, troops of the Afghan resistance forces have gradually been expanded
and their equipment and tactics been improved. Unity and coordination among
various resistance organizations have been strengthened. They have basically
managed to put the rural areas under their control. They have established a
number of bases and stepped up guerrilla activities against the cities. Once
the Soviet troops are withdrawn, the Karmal regime, which is propped up by the
bayonets of the Soviet armed forces, will undoubtedly have difficulty standing
alone.
(3) Pakistan has always insisted and reiterated at the “indirect talks" its
four principles for bringing about a settlement to the Afthan question. These
four principles are that the Soviet troops must be withdrawn from Afghanistan,
the right of the Afghan people to enjoy self-determination must be respected,
the independence and non-alliance status of Afghanistan must be guaranteed, and
that Afghan refugees must be allowed to return home safely and with honor.
The Afghan people themselves also have their own stand in principle with regard
to "political settlement.” The Afghan refugees are of the opinion that the
Geneva negotiations must first discuss the question of unconditional withdrawal
of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan. They claimed that if the Soviet Union
does not withdraw its troops from Afghanistan, they are determined not to return
home. Afghan resistance organizations also expressed that without the partici-
pation of the genuine representatives of the Afghan people, no political settle-
ment will be accepted.
(4) Internationally, the Western nations including the United States and Gulf
nations including Saudi Arabia are presently not inclined to reach a compromise
46
with the Soviet Union over the Afghan issue. The Afghan issue is a card played
by the West to deal with the Soviet Union. They are unlikely to agree to make
rash concessions. For both religious and geographical reasons, Gulf nations
including Saudi Arabia also actively support the struggle of the Afghan resis-
tance force against the Soviet Union. And they give help to Pakistan both
politically and economically. In the course of seeking a "political settlement,”
Pakistan is bound to take their stand into consideration.
(5) Iran, another neighboring country of Afghanistan, holds an uncompromising
stand. It adheres to the policy of non-recognition of the Karmal regime and
refuses to enter into “indirect talks" with them. Iran is not only of the
opinion that representatives of the Afghan resistance organizations must take
part in the talks, but it also believes that the Soviet Union must withdraw its
troops. lran at the same time demands that the United States cease to intervene.
A certain number of Afghan refugees are now in Iran. The attitude of Iran
cannot avoid playing a contairing role and exerting an influence over the
"political settlement."
In view of the above-mentioned facts, Cordovez, the representative of the
secretary general of the United Nations, cannot but recognize that the
"indirect talks" taking place in Geneva between Pakistan and Afghanistan is a
"very difficult and long-drawn-out process."
The world opinion also predicts that it will be impossible for the “indirect
talks” to make a dramatic break-through towards a “political settlement."
9560
CSO: 4005/1072
47
NEAR EAST/SOUTH ASIA
USSR OFFICIAL ENDS 5-DAY VISIT TO EGYPT
LD240029 Beijing XINHUA in English 1351 GMT 23 Sep 83
["Soviet Official Concludes Visit to Egypt"--XINHUA headline]
[Text] Cairo, September 23 (XINHUA)--Oleg Grinevski, director of the Soviet
Foreign Ministry's Middle East Affairs Department left here for home this
morning after a five-day visit to Egypt.
Grinevski's visit here is the first by a high-level Soviet official since
1981.
According to reliable sources, Grinevski's talks with Egyptian Foreign
Ministry officials dealt with the situation in the Middle East and issues
concerning bilateral relations. Observers here believe that the visit was
a step towards the normalization of relations between the two countries.
Reports say that the joint Egyptian-Soviet committee on economic affairs
is scheduled to meet again next January. The last meeting of the committee
which was held in Moscow last May resulted in a big increase in the volume
of trade exchanges on both sides.
cso: 4000/39
48
NUAK KAST/SOUTH ASIA
CHRISTIAN, MUSLIM UNITY NEEDED FOR MIDEAST PEACE
HK170154 Beijing CHINA DAILY in English 17 Sep 83 p 4%
["Opinion" column article by CHINA DAILY commentator: "For Peace in Lebanon")
[Text] War-torn Lebanon is now the primary concern of the international
community.
Fighting has erupted between foreign troops, domestic factions and between
foreignand local armed forces inthis Middle East country with only 2.6 million
people and 10,400 square kilometres of territory. Of gravest public concern
at the moment is the escalating conflict between Lebanese government forces
and Christian and Druze Moslem militiamen after the Israeli withdrawal from
the Aley and Shouf Mountains. Foreign interference has intensified and com-
plicated an already serious situation.
Chaos in Lebanon is a direct result of the Israeli armed invasion more than
a year ago and its occupation has brought untold sufferings to the Lebanese
people. Cities were destroyed, thousands oi innocent civilians lost their
lives an many thousands more were forced to leave their homes as refugees.
Israel's atrocities against the Palestine Liberation Organization forces
also brought the multi-national, peace-keeping forces to Lebanon.
Security
The deteriorating Lebanese situation is threatening peace and security
throughout the Middle East. To bring peace back to Lebanon, first of all,
it is vital that Israel withdraw unconditionally from the country.
Instead of responding to the repeated calls from the United Nations and
honouring the agreement reached with the Lebanese government on troop with-
drawal, Israel moved its forces in the central mountainous areas to the
south. The Israe!' army has now regrouped along the Awali River in an
attempt to occupy southern Lebanon with a permanent settlement covering
2,800 square kilometres and with a population of 520,000. While playing
this new game of "partial withdrawal," Israel has instigated fiercer con-
flict among the local forces.
49
Consultation
Until 1975, Christians and Moslems lived peacefully together, solving the
major issues of the country by consultation. Today, faced with such a fierce
foe as Israel, they must continue to resolve their differences by negotia-
tion, if they are to safeguard their national interests. An end to the
fighting between Christian and Moslem brethren is the only way to preserve
the fundamental interests of the Lebanese people and to ward off foreign
interference.
They were able to live together in peace and harmony before. There is no
reason why they cannot do the same now rather than allow themselves to play
into the hands of the common enemy.
CSO: 4000/39
50
NEAR EAST/SOUTH ASIA
GHANDI CRITICIZES U.S., FRENCH ACTION IN LEBANON
OW240254 Beijing XINHUA in English 0239 GMT 24 Sep 83
[Text] Athens, September 23 (XINHUA)--Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
accused the United States and France of making “a complicated situation even
more complex" through direct involvement in the Lebanese conflict.
Speaking at a press conference here tonight at the end of her talks with
Greek Government leaders, Mre Gandhi expressed India's support for the terri-
torial integrity and sovereignty of Lebanon and called for the withdrawal
of all foreign troops from the war-ravaged country.
"The root of the whole problem started with the Israeli invasion,” she said,
adding that so far as the Palestinian people are concerned, "we should not
forget that they had been driven out of their homeland."
On the issue of Cyprus, she said India supports the recent initiative of
United Nations Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar for the resumption
of the deadlocked intercommunal talks.
Che described the downing of the South Korean airliner as "a deplorable
incident." She asked for an investigation into the whole question.
Mrs Ganthi arrived here Thursday on a four-day visit to Greece. A framework
agreement for bilateral cooperationin the sectors of economy, science and
technology was signed earlier today.
Mrs Gandhi, who sponsored next week's informal meeting of heads of state
or government during the UN General Assembly session, is on her way to New
York to attend the session. She is expected to stop over in Paris to confer
with French President Francois Mitterrand.
CSO: 4000/40
51
NEAR EAST/SOUTH ASIA
BRIEFS
CHINESE-AIDED ROAD IN SUDAN--Khartoum, 9 Sep (XINHUA)--Sudanese Minister
of Construction and Public Works Abel Alier on 8 September inspected the
Chinese-aided project of paving the (Maidani-Cheruifu) highway with bituminous
concrete. Accompanied by Chinese engineers and technicians, the minister
travelled 83 kilometers on the 227-kilometer highway. He praised the work
of the Chinese engineers and technicians. Started in May 1981, the project
is expected to be completed and handed over to the Sudanese Government this
October. [Summary] [0W230635 Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in Chinese
9 Sep 83 OW)
HOSPITAL IN N. YEMEN--San'a'’, 25 Sep (XINHUA)--A 64,000-square-meter hospital
for women and children to be built with Chinese aid broke ground today.
It will be operational in two years’ time. A ground breaking ceremony was
held today with vice-president of the Arab Yemen Republic ‘Abd al-'‘Aziz ‘Abd
al-Ghani and Chinese Public Health Minister Cui Yueli attending. [0W251416
Beijing XINHUA in English 1532 GMT 25 Sep 83 Ow]
cso: 4000/42
52
SUB-SAHARAN APRICA
BEIJING REVIEW INTERVIEWS ZIMBABWE'S PRESIDENT
HKO70552 Beijing BEIJING REVIEW in English No 35, 29 Aug 83 p 8
[Interview by BEIJING REVIEW with Zimbabwean President Canaan S. Banana
"During His Stay in Beijing")
[Text] BR: Would you please tell us about your impressions of the visit?
Banana: I feel it's a very great success. I was able to meet the Chinese
leadership. We discussed a number of matters of mutual interest between
our two countries and peoples. China and Zimbabwe have enjoyed very close
relations, and it is our common desire that these reltaions should be con-
solidated and expanded.
Q: What areas of cooperation do you feel would be most significant for both
countries?
A: We have had various agreements covering cooperation in technical, cul-
tural and economic matters. Progress has already been made in a number of
these areas. We've made a very good start. There is a vast region where
we can cooperate to the mutual benefit of our two countries and peoples.
Naturally the economic field is the priority listed by our two governments.
Q: What is Zimbabwe's experience in developing its national economy, espe-
clally its agriculture?
A: In order to have a viable economic system you have to have stability
in the country. So it is necessary to create a political climate that's
conducive to economic development. After Zimbabwe achieved independence,
my government announced a policy of national reconciliation intended to
integrate all sections of the society, and we mobilized all available
resources for productive purposes. We integrated various forces into one
national army.
My government places emphasis on an integrated policy of agriculture, which
gives attention to the promotion of communal farming alongside commercial
farming. We are glad that it is possible to come to some arrangement with
China that the Chinese will undertake a project in the promotion of the rice
industry in Zimbabwe, and we are looking forward to this cooperation very
much.
53
Q: What position does Zimbabwe take on the issue of Namibia's independence?
A: Subscribing to the UN Resolution 435 that Namibia's independence must
be instituted without delay, we support SWAPO (South West Africa People's
Organization) as the legitimate representative of the Namibian people. We
reject the linkage of the Namibian issue with the withdrawal of Cuban troops
from Angola. We feel this issue is irrelevant, it has nothing to do with
Namibia. Namibia as a country can't be held as a hostage because of that.
We condemn apartheid and South Africa's attacks on its peace-loving
neighbours.
CSO: 6000/41
54
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
MUGABE CALLS FOR NAMIBIAN INDEPENDENCE
04230224 Beijing XINHUA in English 0141 GMT 22 Sep 83
[Text] United Nations, September 22 (XINHUA)--Prime Minister Robert Mugabe
of Zimbabwe today called for the early independence of Namibia and rejected
any linkage of this issue with the presence of Cuban troops in Angola.
At a press conference at the U.N. headquarters, Mugabe said, "It is abso-
lutely necessary that the momentum be kept and progress made toward Namibia's
attainment of independence.
He said during his visit in Washington he had the impression that the United
States was still clinging to the view that the independence of Namibia
should be contingent upon the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola.
"We don't accept that linkage at all. We are of the view that the two are
unrelated questions,” stressed Mugabe.
This linkage, he pointed out, "defies logic, defies morality, and runs
counter to the U.N. charter" which sets out the right of every people to
self-determination.
He urged the U.N. Security Council to work harder for the fulfilment of
U.N. Resolution 435 leading to Namibia's independence.
Asked about the use of force in Namibia, Mugabe said that “we ourselves
in Africa are already supporting” the use of force by the South West African
People's Organization (SWAPO) to overthrow the apartheid regime in Namibia
to lead its people to independence.
He said the crisis in Chad was an African problem, which should be solved
by the Organization of African Unity (OAU) or under the auspices of OAU.
CSO: 4000/39
55
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
MUGABE CRITICIZES U.S. ATTITUDE ON NAMIBIA
OW251608 Beijing XINHUA in English 1556 GMT 25 Sep 83
[Text] Harare, September 25 (XINHUA)--Prime Minister Robert Mugabe of
Zimbabwe said here today he was dismayed to discover that the United States
was still clinging to the linkage of Namibian independence with the withdrawal
of Cuban troops from Angola.
Speaking at an airport news conference here upon his return from a 17-day
tour of Ireland, the United States, Canada and the United Nations, Mugabe
said, "We have enjoyed excellent relations with the United States. However,
we have differences on the modality of bringing about Namibia's independence."
He went on to say that the Americans emphasized that it was South Africa
that was insisting on the withdrawal of Cubans from Angola, but "we know
that South Africa has derived it from the U.S."
Accusing the British Government of trying to "intimidate and manipulate"
Zimbabwe into releasing the airforce officers detained on sabotage charges,
the prime minister stressed that Britain tries "to press us to do one thing
or another, this is very undesirable development, because those persons
threaten our security." [sentence as received]
He added, “We fought for our independence. We are a sovereign state. We
do not accept any intimidation from any quarter or any manipulation by any-
body. Zimbabwe is Zimbabwe. My government stands by its principles that
in Zimbabwe, we shall pursue things on our own way."
cso: 4000/42
56
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
FOREIGN JOURNALISTS BRIEFED ON CHAD SITUATION
OW130934 Beijing XINHUA in English 0742 GMT 13 Sep 83
[Text] Ndjamena, September 12 (XINHUA)--"We are expecting French direct
military intervention against Libyans in Chad... We have pinned great hopes
on France,” declared Idriss Eby, commander-in-chief of the armed forces of
Chad today in Arada, in a briefing to foreign journalists who were visiting
the front line in northern Chad.
He said "The military situation at present in northern Chad has been ignored
by the international press. They claimed this as a quarrel with certain
members in the Chadian Transitional Government of National Unity (GANT) [as
received]. Someone even showed doubt about exchanges of fire in Chad."
"No," he stressed, "this is no quarrel, but a real war with the Libyan
aggressors, because the GANT no longer existed in the world." He said the
Islamic League, mercenaries composed of people from Sudan, Mali, Nigeria
and Chad which had been knocked together by Libya, was pushed to fight the
Chadian army in the frontline. He disclosed that Libya has thrown sophisti-
cated weapons including aircraft into its war with Chad.
He expressed the hope that the French Government would “understand our war
with Libyaand the difficulties we have met."
He said during the Second World War, Chadians had made great sacrifice for
France. At present, when Chad is encounterdéd with Libyan intervention, it
is high time for France to make sacrifices for the Chadians.
Eby said "If French continue to refuse to go to war with Libya, then the
armed forces of Chad will fight by themselves with Libya. We rely mainly
on ourselves."
Accompanied by Eby and Secretary of State Brahim Mahamat Idio, the reporters
toured three battlefronts including Kalait, the government's most advanced
position, and saw over 30 bodies of black Africans, damaged trucks and
craters one meter in depth and about five meters in width.
The press corps were also shown20 war prisoners of black Africans and some
captured weapons including machine-guns, rocket launchers and rifles, mostly
Soviet made.
57
The battlefronte are quiet at present. Eby told the reporters that the
Chadian troops have thrust 125 kms to the north and are now approaching
Fada.
Commander of the French troops Jean Poli said last Saturday his men are
protecting the rear of the government forces and would not stop them from
launching an offensive.
CSO: 6000/39
58
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
MARITAL SITUATLON OF NATION'S POPULATION ANALYZED
Beijing RENKOU YANJIU [POPULATION RESEARCH] in Chinese No 4, 29 Jul 83 pp 28-29
[Article by Shen Quhua [3088 4428 7520]: “An Analysis of the Marital Situation
of Our Population”)
[Text] When a census is conducted, the questionnaire usually lists an item on
marital status in order to reflect the person's marital state at that given
moment. Our third national census showed that there are four marital states:
unmarried, spouse living, spouse deceased and divorced. Unmarried means a
person has never married. Spouse living means a person is already married and
is in a situation of cohabitation. Spouse deceased means a person has been
married but the spouse is now dead and the person has not remarried. Divorced
means a person has already formally dissolved his marriage through legal pro-
cedures and not yet remarried. In some countries, “separated” is also provided
as another cateogry. A separated person means the relationship of husband-wife
cohabitation is already broken up but there has not yet been a formal divorce.
Every person can get married only when he or she grows to a certain age; hence,
when the number of persons in various marital situations is calculated, a
minimum age must be provided. The minimum age provided by our third national
census was 15; that is to say, only persons 15 years old and above are counted
in statistics on the marital state. On the basis of these numbers of people
in various marital states, the percentage» they respectively make up of the total
can also be calculated.
The two sexes have different characteristics as regards their biological, social
and economic conditions; this also leads to different characteristics between
the male population and the female population in their marital states. There-
fore, when data on such marital states are analyzed, they usually must be ex-
amined separately as to each of these two sexes. For example, according to our
third national census data from the Wuxi Municipality experimental point, at
the middle-year point of 1982 the percentages of people in various marital
states among the population 15 years old and above are tabulated as follows:
59
Sex Unmarried Spouse Living Spouse Deceased Divorced
Total 32.76 60 .32 6.46 0.46
Male 37.38 59 .69 2.42 0.51
Female 27.96 60.98 10.65 0.41
This tabulation shows that in Wuxi Municipality the structures of the marital
states between the male and female population are quite different. Among the
male population, the unmarried make up 37.38 percent, while the female make up
only 27.96 percent; among those with deceased spouses, the males make up 2.42
percent, and the females make up as much as 10.65 percent. This is because:
1) the death rate among males is generally higher than that among females;
2) the ages of husbands are usually higher than those of wives, hence the
death rate among husbands is usually higher than that among wives.
Marital states are very closely related to the ages of the persons involved.
Persons of different ages are often found is different marital situations;
hence, apart from examination by different sexes, there should also be examin-
ation by different ages as to such marital states. Now let me cite the per-
centages in the marital states made up by various age groups in the census data
from the Wuxi Municipality experimental point as follows:
Key: 2 2 :
(1) Age 7" oe Hee RO eM AO EO AO
(2) Male we oO 0,02 i
(3) Female ’ 9.19
(4) Unmarried ~ “3
| 1,22 |94.67,
(5) Spouse Living ++ 4 |
(6) Spouse Deceased
(7) Divorced
This tabulation shows the different characteristics in the marital states of
the various age groups in the population of Wuxi Municipality: 1) An over-
whelming majority of the 20-24 group are unmarried, of them males make up
97.96 percent, and females 87.66 percent. Conversely, that is to say, in 1980
only 2.04 percent of males and only 12.34 percent of females of this same age
range were married. This indicates that late marriage had become rather common.
In the meantime, the ratio of the unmarried in the 25-29 age group quickly
dropped. This explains that marriage for both males and females is concentrated
in this age period. Because the first marriage age of females is lower than
that of males, the ratio of the unmarried females is only 17.02 percent. Of
males in the 35-39 range and females in the 30-34 range, nearly 97 percent are
already married. 2) Those who never get married are very few; among those
unmarried in the 50-54 age group, ma.\es make up only 1.22 percent, and females
are even fewer, making up only 0.54 percent. 3) The ratio of divorced is also
very amall; this reflects the relatively stable situation with marriages in our
country. 4) The ratio of those wich their respective spouses deceased increases
with the increase in age. After chey enter a higher age group, the rat‘o of
females losing their spouses is far higher than that of males. In the 65-69
age group, for instance, the ratio of males losing their spouses is 15 percent,
whereas the ratio of females is as high as 51.81 percent. This even more clear-
ly reflects the situation of the great age gap between husbands and wives and
of the death rate of males being higher than that of females.
60
Among the various ratios in the marital situation of the population, the ratio
of the unmarried is a very useful indicator. In the example cited above,
through the ratios of the unmarried on the basis of age differentiation is
roughly reflected the situation about the age of people's first marriage. The
ratio of those who never get married among people of the same age range is also
the watio of those who do not get married at all. These always affect the
level of birth rate directly because this indicator is often an important basis
for analyzing the birth rate and forecasting population increase.
Factors affecting people's marriage are multifarious, for example, social
economic conditions, customs and habits, religious beliefs, professions and
cultural level, all directly affect marriage. Along with the changes in these
factors, the marital states of the population as a whole also change continuous-
ly. We can reflect the characteristics of their change by dynamic comparison.
Apart trom this, if we can sort out respectively and compare as well as analyze
the data on marital states according to regions, cities and countryside,
nationalities, professions and cultural levels, then they can reflect the
marital states of different population segments and strata even better. Now,
let us compare the different marital states between the urban and the rural
population with the data from the Wuxi Municipality and Wuxi County census ex-
perimental points.
Percentages of Numbers of People of Various Marital States in Relation to Various
Age Groups in 1980
Key : we} #
oe i a K30—3410.38 3.18 |96.02
(2) Male (8) Wuxi Munici- g 505 1.2% 0.54 8.06
( d) Female pality Biis—¢ 1.24 ji 1.10 46.41
(4) Unmarried (9) Wuxi County x20—-2 8,45 (31.51 0.0
(5) Spouse Living y ie os “0
(6) Souse Deceased & ‘ ¥
By analyzing the above tabulation, we can see that in either the male or the
female category the ratio of the unmarried in the 20-24 age group and the
30-34 age group in the cities is always greater than that in the countryside;
this shows that the late marriage condition among urban youths is more general
than that among countryside youths. When countryside women reach the 30-34
age group they are basically all married, and those remaining unmarried make
up only 0.62 percent, whereas urban women, when reaching that age group, still
have 3.18 percent among them remaining unmarried. In the 30-34 age group, only
9.66 percent of countryside males remain unmarried, whereas, on the other hand,
10.38 percent of urban males remain unmarried. Looking at the ratio of the un-
married among the older age groups, that is, the ratio of those who never get
married, we see that the ratio of both urban and countryside women is rather
small while that of countryside women is even smaller. But the ratio of country-
side males who never get married is higher than that of urban males, this is
possibly because countryside males whose local conditions or family conditions
are inadequate often find it rather hard to get married. Looking at the situa-
tion of those of the older age groups who are tabulated as spouse deceased, we
see that, in the case of the ratio of countryside females with spouse deceased,
that of some age groups is higher than that in the cities while that of other
61
age groups is lower than that in the cities; but the ratio of countryside males
with spouse deceased is generally higher than that in the cities. Looking at
the situation of the divorced in the older age groups, we see that in the case
of the ratio of the divorced females, that in the cities is higher than that in
the countryside, whereas in the case of the ratio of divorced males, that in the
countryside is somehow higher than that in the cities. The reason leading to
the above situations is probably because, in a situation in which conditions
in the countryside are generally less adequate than those in the cities,
countryside males seem to have been placed in an even more passive position in
regard to their marriage and once they are divorced or lose their spouse, it
is harder for them to remarry. Thus, we are able through such comparison of
marital states between the urban and rural population to discover certain
different characteristics and thereby further ascertain the reasons leading to
such different characteristics.
As stated above, marital states reflect the numbers and ratios of people in
different marital states at a given moment; such states have resulted from
various population events of the preceding period such as marriage, divorce
and death. If the divorced remarry, then this process cannot be shown in the
statistical figure about that particular marital state of the population. In
order to show how many events, such as marriages, divorces, etc, there are in
a certain period, we need to calculate the marriage rate and divorce rate of
a certain period (e.g., a certain year). Marriage rate is the ratio of those
who marry (or married couples) in relation to the total population in a certain
period; divorce rate is the ratio of those who divorce (or divorced couples)
in relation to the total population in a certain period. We may also count
males and females separately. The figures of the married and the divorced used
in calculating the marriage rate and the divorce rate all indicate the numbers
of occurrence of events of marriage and divorce in that certain period. If a
certain person is married and then divorced in a certain period. If a certain
person is married and then divorced in a certain year, then we must include
that person both in the figure of the married and also in the figure of the
divorced of that year; this is different from reflecting the figure of the
married and the figure of the divorced in the marital situation of a certain
point in time.
Marriage can be divided into first marriage and remarriage. In order to re-
flect the different states of the two, we may calculate the first marriage
rate and the remarriage rate separately. The first marriage rate is the ratio
of males (or females) who marry for the first time in relation to the totals
of the unmarried males (or females). The remarriage rate is the ratio, on the
other hand, of males (or females) who remarry in relation to the totals of
males (or females) who have their spouse deceased or who are divorced. In
calculating all this, we must make use of data about the marital situations
of the population.
9255
CSO: 4005/1156
62
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
ON-THE-SPOT FAMILY PLANNING WORK CONFERENCE REPORTED
Beijing RENKOU YANJIU [POPULATION RESEARCH] in Chinese No 4, 29 Jul 83 pp 57-58
[Report by Zhao Changxin [6392 7022 2450]: "The On-the-Spot Family Planning
Work Conference at Rongcheng"]
[Text] The On-the-Spot National Family Planning Work Conference at Rangcheng
was convened 7-11 May 1983 at Shidao Town in Rongcheng County, Shandong Pro-
vince. One hundred twenty responsible persons of family planning departments
of the various provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and the PLA and
comrades from the party Central Committee, concerned departments of state
organs, and press units attended the conference. The participating comrades
listened to reports on their experiences made by Rengcheng County, Wendeng
County, and the six communes (units) under their jurisdiction, visited seven
production brigades, and held discussion forums, and achieved satisfactory
successes.
Qian Zhongzin (6929 1813 0207], chiarman of the State Family Planning Commission,
said at the opening of the conference: three major reasons prompted the con-
vening of this On-the-Spot National Family Planning Work Conference: One is to
control population increase; carrying out birth control is a long-range
Strategic task which concerns the construction of our four modernizations. In
order to constrain our population within 1.2 billion by the end of the present
century, the natural increase rate of the country’s population during the
period of our Sixth 5-Year Plan must be constrained within 13 per 1,000; this
is a formidable task, and we cannot possibly relax on our birth control work.
The second is to consolidate and develop the fighting results of our propaganda
month activities and further implement our 1983 tasks for bringing about a new
situation in our birth control work; it is necessary to push our birth control
work further through this on-the-spot conference. The third is, in view of the
fact that the various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have
during the past few months consecutively readjusted their leading groups, to
redeploy our work somewhat through this on-the-spot conference so as to enable
the new leading groups to get a close handle on launching their work.
In his summing-up speech at the conference, Comrade Qiang Zhongxin said:
Localities across the country must conscientiously study and apply Rengcheng
County's experience in "concentrating on the three main tasks,” that is, in
birth control work concentrating on propaganda and education, contraception,
63
and regular effort as its main tasks. This is a conclusion on the law of our
birth control work. "Concentrating on the three main tasks” embodies the con-
sistency of the party’s policies, the mass line and a scientific attitude in
birth control work; it is the new direction of our effort in doing a good job
in our birth control work. Rangcheng County has correctly handled the relation-
ship between the working measures in six aspects--that is, propaganda and edu-
cation and economic restriction, contraception and remedial measures, and
regular effort and crash activities--by applying the method of dialectical
unity; this enables them to show both what is primary and what is secondary,
while at the same time penetrating, complementing and supplementing each other.
In speculating on how to achieve this “concentrating on the three main tasks,"
Comrade Qian Zhongxin said: We must insist, under party leadership, on grasping
the two kinds of production simultaneously and doing a good job in the follow-
ing: 1) We must strengthen and develop "the three contingents” in our birth
control work (the propaganda contingent, the birth control techniques contingent,
and the contingent of activist elements from the masses), establish and strengthen
the basic-level operational network throughout the county, the communes, the
production brigades and the production teams, and mobilize all social forces:
this the organizational guarantee for launching our birth control work. 2) We
must establish and strengthen a birth control work system, including the per-
sonal responsibility system for the cadres and the practice of signing “double-
quota" agreements with members of communes, the birth situation registration
and management system, the system on the concrete routines for cadres of birth
control work, the work system for propaganda and education, and for administer-
ing birth control techniques, so as to guarantee the implementation of this
approach of “concentrating on the three main tasks." 3) Mobilize various
circles to carry out comprehensive handling in a closely coordinated manner,
popularize knowledge about population theories, strengthen our work in protect-
ing women and children, do a good job in our work of making sure that the old
are all provided and the young are all given education: ali this contributes
to the important basis for “concentrating on the three main tasks."
In his speech, Comrade Qian Zhongxin also profoundly analyzed the situation
about our birth control work. He said: The situation of our national birth
control work has developed very rapidly, turned out to be just fine, and entered
into a new stage both in theory and in practice; but the tasks of population
control confronting us remain formidable.
In order to accomplish the task of reducing the natural increase rate of our
population to below 13 per 1,000, the following requirements were suggested:
1) Further heighten our perception of the important strategic significance of
birth control. Insist on taking propaganda and education as the link of first
importance in handling our family planning well. Under the leadership of party
committees and governments at all levels, propaganda, culture, broadcasting and
television, public health, women’s federation, trade union, CYL and such organ-
izations and departments closely cooperate with one another to give full scope
to the important role of newspapers and journals, broadcasting, television,
movies, slides, dramas in the propagation of birth control so as to heighten
the perception of the masses about birth control. Making calculations and com-
parisons is a good approach to carrying out propaganda and education; it opens
up a new avenue for propagating birth control. This activity must be developed
64
in a deepening and sustained manner for 2 or 3 years in a row in order to really
touch people's hearts and achieve the necessary results. 2) Take birth control
as an important content of building our spiritual civilization. Take as a com
ponent part of building our spiritual civilization and grasp regularly the
breaking up of old concepts such as “males are more important than females,”
“the more sons, the more happiness,” and “the family name must be carried for-
ward generation after generation." 3) Grasp closely and handle well the imple-
mentation of technical measures. In order to prevent multiple births and in-
crease the single-birth rate, promote sterilization among one of the spouses of
childbearing age who have already given birth to two or more children through
ideological education and on the basis of consciousness and voluntary action,
and promote contraception among women of childbearing age who have already given
birth to one child; meanwhile, reinforce guidance on the use of contraception
medicine and instrum«-nts, and handle well conceptions beyond plan. 4) Strengthen
our birth control policy. Further improve our investigation and study, handle
well the drafting work on our “Birth Control Law," and, on the basis of sufficient
investigation and study, put forward practical and feasible programs and
measures. 5) Study advanced experiences, continue to expand the area of ad-
vanced experiences and compress the area of backward practices. While studying
and applying Rongcheng's experience, it is necessary to adhere to dialectical
materialism, analyze which things are, and which are not, things of a general
nature in the manner of seeking truth from facts; concrete approaches of a
general nature must be expanded in conjunction with a given locality's economic,
cultural and working foundations and conditions about the masses so that they
are applied in a way suited to local conditions, so that there is no arbitrary
transfer and application of unsuitable experiences, there is no resorting to
formalism. 6) Improve the quality of our population, strengthen scientific
research. While exercising control over the quantity of our population, pay
attention to, and strengthen, our knowledge on eugenic and fine rearing work
and carry out systematic, scientific management from the birth of the child,
to its being put in a nursury and sent to school. Efforts must be made with
concerned departments to actively propagate such knowledge on eugenics and fine
rearing, to develop prenatal examination, consultation on heredity, and protec-
tion during the pregnancy period, to improve the quality of our birth delivery
work, and to do a good job in protecting the health of our women and children.
Strengthen the scientific research in contraception techniques, determine key
areas, list them as special projects to be tackled, reinforce necessary gui-
dance, and then proceed to tackle them.
9255
CSO: 4005/1156
65
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRATS OPENS
OW132103 Beijing XINHUA in English 1153 GMT 11 Sep 83
[Text} Beijing, September 11 (XINHUA)--An institution of higher learning
specially for democratic personages will reopen in November after a suspen-
sion of about 20 years, according to the National Committee of the Chinese
People's Political Consultative Conference.
The Central Socialist Academy, sponsored by the CPPCC National Committee,
was established in Beijing in October 1956, and its president then was the
late Chinese famous educationist Wu Yuzhang. During the ten years between
1956 and 1966, a total of 1,806 democratic personages and high-ranking,
non-party intellectuals attended the academy. But it was closed at the
beginning of the cultural revolution in 1966.
At the request of various democratic parties and other non-party personages,
the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee last year decided
to restore the institution and a group was formed to make preparations.
The preparatory group has notified people recently to enroll 100 students
from among officials of democratic parties and other non-party democratic
personages, who will study the basic theory of Marxism and theory and
policies on the united front. The length of schooling is set at one year.
Leaders of the preparatory group also said that similar institutions would
be restored in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.
CSO: 4000/43
66
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
GRADUATE STUDENT ADMISSIONS--The 1983 task of admissions to graduate students
working for master's degrees has been fulfilled throughout the country.
The new graduate students have been enrolled. According to statistics, a
total of over 15,000 graduate students working for master's degrees have
been admitted to 330 institutes of higher learning and 289 scientific
research organizations in China this year. This is over 1,000 students
more than the plan. Of the students admitted, 35 percent are personnel at
their posts. This year's admissions’ work is still based on the principle
of judging applicants by moral, intellectuals and physical criteria in an
all-round way, matriculating the better ones to guarantee quality and putting
quality before quantity. The vast majority of the new students admitted
are excellent college graduates. [Text] [O0W221003 Beijing Domestic Service
in Mandarin 1000 GMT 21 Sep 83]
CSO: 6005/45
67
EAST RECION
WORK REPORT, PROPOSALS OF SHANDONC DISCIPLINE INSPECTION COMMISSION
Jinan DAZHONG RIBAO in Chinese 21 Jul 83 p 1
[Article by staff reporter: “Realize a Fundamental Turn For the Better in
Party Workstyle; Initiate a New Phase in Discipline Inspection Work. The
Shandong Provincial Discipline Inspection Commission of the CPC Submitted
a Written Report to the 4th Provincial CPC Congress on Work Conditions and
Proposals for Future Work")
[Text] The Shandong Discipline Inspection Commission of the CPC submitted
a written report to the 4th Provincial CPC Congress.
Following a review and summary of the main work and basic experiences during
the last 4-odd years, the report put forward the following proposals:
To conduct an education of party members in party workstyle and party disci-
pline, using the new party constitution as the main subject. Party committees
and discipline commissions at all levels must accept an effective education
of party members as an important task that must be firmly taken in hand for
the purpose of strengthening the party ideologically, improving its style of
work and enhancing the political quality of party members. In the course of
this education, each party member should use the new party constitution as a
mirror and, linking up with reality, earnestly reflect and check his own men-
tality, his work and his workstyle, raise his achievements to greater heights,
overcome shortcomings and rectify errors.
The education shall provide the large number of our party members with a clear
and definite understanding of the character, status and function of the party,
a clear understanding of the ultimate goal of the party and of the main tasks
at the present stage, a clear understanding that the purpose of the party is to
serve the people wholeheartedly, a clear understanding that the system of
democratic centralism is the fundamental organizational principle of the party
and that the discipline of the party is the guarantee for the execution of the
party’s political line, a clear understanding of the standards required in a
party member and the basic conditions for being a party cadre. Basing on this
education, the discipline inspection organs, in coordination with the departments
concerned, shall consolidate the party's workstyle and the party's organization
is a planned way and in stages and shall build up the party into the staunch
core leadership in the socialist modernization drive.
68
To resolutely defend the political discipline of the party. The party organ-
izations at all levels and all party members must unswervingly maintain identity
of political views with the Central Committee, resolutely implement the political
line, principles and policies of the party: this is the political discipline
of the party. Defending the political discipline of the party is the question
of the first importance to ensure unity and solidarity of the party and to
realize the fundamental turn for the better in the style of work of the party.
The party committees and discipline inspection commissions at all levels must
accept defense of the political discipline as their important task, place it in
primary position in all discipline inspection work and effectively set about
this task. The continued persistence in “leftist” erroneous ideologies, re-
sistance and attacks against the party's line, principles and policies, acting
contrary to the four fundamental principles and engaging in bourgeois liberalism
and tactionalism, committing dereliction of duty and malfeasance in office and
causing the state to suffer property losses: cases of this nature must all be
promptly investigated and sternly dealt with. At present, we especailly em-
phasize the need to maintain identity of views with the Central Committee in
the question of reform, to actively protect and support all reforms that have
us advance along the socialist path, to resolutely resist and oppose all erron-
eous expressions and actions that obstruct reform and to ensure the smooth pro-
gress of the four modernizations and of all our reform work.
fo earnestly rectify the various unhealthy tendencies that exist in our party.
Through several years of recovery and reform, the condition of the party
in our province has greatly improved, the party's style of work has experienced
a marked turn for the better, but the problems of impurity of ideology, impurity
of style of work and impurity of organization still exist in our party, and
the style of work has not yet fundamentally changed for the better. We shall
seize on several unhealthy trends that are most harmful and most hated by the
masses and engage in struggle against them “with thunderlike violence and
windlike swiftness." Based on the realities of this province, we shall use a
certain period of time from now on to put a stop to four types of unhealthy
trends, proceeding in a planned way and in stages. One, we shall check the
unhealthy trend of arrogating the unit of which one is in charge as one's own
“territory,” that one may rule at will, of taking the important task and powers
bestowed by the party and the people as the capital for ruling like an overload,
refusing to implement the party's line, principles and policies and rejecting
all rules and regulations. Two, we shall check the unhealthy trend of taking
advantage of the powers of office to violate discipline by building houses for
private use, to violate financial and economic discipline by building high-
standard residences, of assigning good houses to oneself, of occupying an unduly
large amount of housing, of illegally changing rural status to non-rural for the
benefits of one's children or friends and of engaging in artful manipulations
to have them enter higher school, get a job, revise qualifications, raise to
cadre position, get promoted and join the party. Third, we shall check the un-
healthy trend of using public funds and property to entertain guests and pre-
sent gifts, give extravagant feasts, to spend lavishly and squander money, to
bribe and take bribes and to degenerate into corruption and decadence. Four,
we shall check the unhealthy bureaucratic trend of showing no concern for the
hardships of the people, no sense of responsibility toward one's work, of
committing dereliction of duties and malfeasance in office. According to the
69
disposition of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission, after concentrat-
ing in the first half of this year principally on cleaning up and rectifying
unhealthy trends involving the building and allotment of housing in implemen-
tation of the “Open Letter” of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission,
work in the second half of the year shall concentrate primarily on dealing with
improprieties committed by certain party cadres during the reforms and the ar-
bitrary raising of prices and apportioning of expenses that jeopardize the
development of the national economy, as well as on the unhealthy trend of using
public funds and property to entertain guests and present gifts, give extrava-
gant feasts, spend lavishly and squander money. In our struggle against these
unhealthy trends, our attitude must be firm and our measures must be effective.
We are determined to enforce party discipiine and uphold the principle of every
person being equal before the requirements of party discipline. We shall
resolutely oppose any tolerance, overleniency, connivance and coverups.
To continue our struggle of thorough attacks against the serious criminal
activities in the economic field. Attacking the serious criminal activities
in the economic field is a strategic task of long duration. It is an important
guarantee for our staying on the socialist path and pursuing the socialist
modernization projects. The party committees at all levels must sum up their
struggle experiences and continue to strengthen their leadership in this sector
of the struggle. The party committees at all levels must actively work in
cooperation with the departments concerned to increase their strength, to adopt
effective measures, to firmly grasp the focal points of the struggle, to
vigorously seize on the weak links, to eliminate all disturbing and obstructing
forces and, relying on the support of the masses, pursue this struggle unswerv-
ingly to the very end. In the course of the struggle, we must have a correct
grasp of the policies of the party, draw clear lines of distinction for faults
in work, unhealthy practices, prosperity resulting from work and enlivening
the economy as against illegal crimes. We must ensure correct implementation of
the policies of opening up our country to the outside world and, domestically,
of enlivening the economy to promote the prosperity of the economy and further
development of production. Every case must be handled in accordance with the
policies of the party to help stimulate the positive factors and help educate
and rally cadres who have strayed and criminal elements that had worked for
isolating, splitting and disintegrating our society. We shall oniy be able to
further intensify the struggle and pursue it to the end if we adopt effective
measures and check into all cases lot by lot. We shall closely combine our
striking our against economic crimes with education against corrosion. We shall
employ a variety of forms and use positive and negative examples in directing
a vivid and concentrated education toward the large number of our party members
and cadres to counter any corrosion by capitalist ideologies, to firmly uphold
the purity of communism and resist degeneration.
To raise one step further the fighting strength of the discipline inspection
contingent. The report of the 12th CPC Congress and the new party constitution
heightened the demands for our discipline inspection organs at all levels and
all cadres of this organization must continuously strengthen their own buildup,
conscientiously fulfill their official responsibilities and raise discipline
inspection work to a new and higher level. Wherever there is a need for a
discipline inspection organization and none has so far been established, such
70
an organization must be established as soon as possible. Certain cadres must
be selected to supplement and strengthen the discipline inspection contingent
who have a strong party sense, show good style of work, firmly uphold our
principles and have courage for struggle. We must continuously improve the
style of work of the leadership and their methods of work, deeply penetrate
into the realities, investigate and study, uphold the principle of seeking
truth from facts, overcome the bureaucratic style of work, display a spirit of
hightened responsibility toward the party and the people, conduct all affairs
strictly according to the party constitution and the “Standards,” be upright
and never stoop to flattery, work in perfect selflessness, never swayed by
personal considerations, dare to struggle, correctly exercise the powers of
our offices, continuously raise work efficiency, strive hard to realize as
quickly as possible the radical turn for the better in our party's style of
work and initiate a new phase in discipline inspection work.
YROR
CSO: 4005/1172
71
CENTRAL-SOUTH REGION
GUANGXI RESTRUCTURES PARTY, COVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
HK240347 Nanning Guangxi Regional Service in Mandarin 1130 GMT 21 Aug 83
[Monitored in progress]
[Text] ...The announced plan of regional structural reform has been agreed
upon in principle. According to the plan, the regional CPC committee will
establish 8 work departments and the regional people's government will estab-
lish 39 work departments. The authorized establishment of the party, state,
and mass organs at regional level in the autonomous region is 4,500 people,
excluding the public security organs, procuratorial organ, courts, and
judicial organs. The authorized establishment of the regional advisory
committee, discipline inspection committee, regional people's congress
standing committee, regional CPPCC, democratic parties, popular organizations,
and CPC committees of organs are included in the overall establishment of
the party, state, and mass organizations at regional level in accordance
with the party and state constitutions, and relevant regulations.
In the structural reform, the regional CPC committee will establish the
following 8 departments: general office, organization department, propaganda
department, united front department, political and legal committee, policy
research office, rural policy research office, and veteran cadres bureau.
The regional people's government will establish the following 39 work depart-
ments: planning committee; economic committee, carrying on the capacity
of the national defense science and technology industry office and the staff
and workers education committee; urban and rural construction committee,
carrying on the capacity of the people's air defense office; science and
technology committee; foreign economic relations and trade department;
nationality affairs committee; family planning committee; physical culture
and sports committee; overseas Chinese affairs office; foreign affairs
office; general office; public security department; judicial department;
civil affairs department; communications department; machine building
industry department; light industry department; metallurgical industry
department; coal industry department; petrochemical industry department;
textile industry department; agricultural, animal husbandry and fisheries
department; agricultural department; water conservancy and electric power
department; finance department; commerce department; education department;
public health department; culture department; radio and television depart-
ment; auditing bureau; labor and personnel bureau, carryingon the capacity
of the establishment committee; commodity price bureau; statistics bureau;
material supply bureau; food bureau; construction materials industry bureau;
administrative bureau of industry and commerce; and tourism bureau.
CSO: 4005/43
72
SOUTHWEST REGION
BIRTH CONTROL POLICY CONTINUES IN SICHUAN
Beijing RENKOU YANJIU [POPULATION RESEARCH] in Chinese No 4, 29 Jul 83 pp 46-48
[Articly be Liu Xun [0491 6064], Birth Control Office, Yuyang County, Sichuan
Province: “Fundamental State Policy Points Out the New Way, Let Us Keep Our
Contraception and Sterilization Work Going™]
{Text} The more than 610,000 people of Yuyang County are scattered more than
5,000 sq km of a vast mountainous region; the countryside population makes up
96 percent, and minority nationalities, such as the Tujia and Miao, make up
59.1 percent. On the question of procreation, some people think the minority
nationalities are peculiar; their thinking about having only one child per
family cannot seem to be turned around at all. When Yuyang County began to
foster birth control energetically in 1975, some people said: "We have never
heard that even the matter of having children is subject to government control.”
When the focus of the county's work was shifted to each couple having only one
child in 1979, some people said that this was “too Leftist.” From practice, the
group of personnel under the Yuyang Party Committee profoundly realized that
fostering birth control must be strongly to the point, and they summed up
their experience in these phrases: "The greater the noise, the smaller the
obstacles; the more careful the work, the better the results.”
During the 8 years since Yuyang County started its birth control operations,
110,000 fewer persons have been born; the benefits are numerous. But during
the past 2 years its population increase has been almost beyond control. The
rate of this population increase has gone back from the 1.75 per thousand of
1978 to 16.72 per thousand in 1982. The rate of single birth has been low while
that of multiple births has been high; thus, the county has been compelled to
adopt economic, administrative and disciplinary measures of remedy. However,
laws could not control the masses; even adding more obstacles made people feel
that the difficulty of espousing birth control in the vast mountainous region
was like rowing a boat upstream. Ordinarily, the forces pulling from above
and below, right and left, are not negligible; throughout the year, all-out
efforts must still be made to add a few extraordinary measures and deploy some
remedial arrangements. Last year, the county applied the practices of induced
miscarriages and abortions in 9,758 cases, which made up 1.5 percent of our
total population; but this still failed to reverse the passive situation in
which our birth control work found itself. Wherein did the problem lie? The
group of people under the county party committee generally felt that there was
no measure which could exercise an effective control over how many births a
73
couple of childbearing age could have. Of the county's 68,322 couples of
childbearing age, those who had already given birth to one child but still
had not resorted to contraceptive devices numbered 9,333, or 10.6 percent of
the total; those who had given birth to two or more children but still had
not implemented any sterilization measure numbered 32,687, or 37 percent of
the total. Although these women of childbearing age have thus far resorted
to IUD's (interuterine devices), once our birth control work was relaxed even
a little, excessive births resulted either because the device was removed or
was implanted after conception. Since 1980, there have been more than 10,000
childbearing women in the county who iave stealthily removed their IUD’s. Once
excessive births occurred, we were {forced to collect excess.ve-birth fines
retroactively, but the illegal “hook-wielders” who helped remove the contra-
ceptive device were too numerous to be subjected to our crackdown; the more
our cadres tried to do the work, the more softhearted they became, and the more
the masses aired their complaints.
In response to the above situation, the Yuyang County Party Committee seized
the fine opportunity of the propaganda month being instituted across the country
early this year to explore a new stage in our birth control work and thereby
successively accomplished five above~-90 percent operations (namely, above-90
percent of couples who had already given birth to two children being prompted
to adopt the sterilization measure; above-90 percent of women who have con-
ceived being subjected to the practices of induced miscarriages and abortions;
above-90 percent of wives who had already given birth to one child being
prompted to adopt the contraceptive device; above-99 percent of couples who
had limited themselves to giving birth to one child coming forward to register
and get their certificate; and above-90 percent people of marrying age and
couples of childbearing age being persuaded to marry late and have their first
child late). When the propaganda month came to a close in the public institu-
tions and cities and towns, the countryside communes and production brigades
undertook to realize it throughout the year. In order to accomplish the above
tasx, the county party committee convened 27-30 December 1982 a meeting of the
leading persons of various districts and communes and the princip.l responsible
persons of various departments and bureaus to make concrete deployments. In
terms of guiding ideology, efforts were made to stress two things: emphasis
on propaganda, and emphasis on sterilization. In terms of approaches in work,
efforts were madd to grasp two leaderships; the public institutions’ leadership
over the countryside, and cadres’ leadership over the masses. In terms of
measures to be adopted by organizations, efforts were made to grasp two con-
tingents: the propaganda contingent, and the operation contingent. In the
meantime, leaders at various levels were required to handle their propaganda
month well with initiative and enthusiasm, and it was made clear to them that
this propaganda month embodies three points of departure: the new point of
departure for creating a new situation; the new point of departure for reversing
the situation of passivity; and the new point of departure for striving for a
turn for the better throughout the year. Through this propaganda month, the
masses must achieve three items of knowledge: knowledge about the strategic
meaning of birth control; knowledge about the practice of birth control being
a fundamental policy of our state; and knowledge about the benefits of sterili-
zation. This way, they may heighten their consciousness and thereby implement
the measures.
74
when the propaganda month began in January, some people thought that "the
propaganda begun in January is but a whiff of wind, which will taper off after
the spring festival"; but others also said that “contraception plus steriliza-
ion ls only Yuyang's local policy"; that the county party committee determined
ill necessary momentum and making the reasoning clear. On 3 January 1983, the
unty government convened a propaganda month broadcasting and mobilizing
raliy attended by 100,000 people; the county governor and responsible persons
of the people's militia units, women's federation, CYL committee, and the
public health bureau all gave speeches at the rally. Immediately thereafter,
60 cadres were transferred from organs at the county level, among them /]3 were
bureau chiefs; they were organized into eight propaganda teams and assigned
eight propaganda vehicles to go to the districts. Some members of the pi
ganda teams went there on foot despite a heavy snow. The districts and co:
munes themselves also organized 7 propaganda vehicles, 102 propaganda teams,
and 3,710 members under those teams to go deep down to the countryside. The
production brigades and production teams further organized 10,680 propaganda
)re cadres to carry out the propaganda door to door. The county as a whole
at the same time transferred 260 medical personnel and organized them into 64
birth control operation teams to carry out rotational work in 13 districts
(towns) and 78 communes’ on sterilization for males, sterilization for females,
induced miscarriages, abortions, contraception, and the like. Comrade Yang
wanchun [2799 5502 2504], deputy director of the county women's and children's
nealth station, led the operation teams and walked to the countryside, where
more than 1,000 cases of such rotaticnal operations were carried out. Comrade
anzu [7559 1819 4371], deputy chief of the surgical department of the
county hospital, carried out the high-frequency electronic-freeze sterilization
»peration in cities and the countryside regardless of his fatigue; he was
welcomed by the masses.
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va ta
During the propaganda month activities, principal leading comrades at all
levels in the county personally wrote 361 speeches; they went to the streets
and reached all corners of the countryside to carry out propaganda, and at the
same time they also rendered assistance to people at the basic level so that
they could launch their own propaganda month activities well. The county,
iistricts, communes, production brigades and production teams convened 53,928
varioue speaking gatherings; those subjected to their education numbered 362,833,
which made up 95 percent of the county's total population. They printed 19,800
posters on the “fundamental state policy, issued 16,400 items of propaganda
materials, wrote 69,677 big and small handbills, and held various special
newspap r forums 219 times. Every issue of YUYANG BAO carried news on the
propaganda month activities; the county, the districts and communes broadcast
propaganda 8,463 times, of which 4 were special lectures: Why the Practice
of Birth Control Constitutes a Fundamental State Policy? Why Should We Adopt
Contraception After One Birth, and Sterilization After Two Births? Why Should
We Practice Late Marriage and Late Childrearing? and How Can We Create a New
Situation in Our Birth Control Work in Yuyang County?
During the propaganda month, all levels in the county contacted one another
and actually thoroughly worked out accounts in three areas, our population,
75
yur land and our foodgrain; we first worked these accounts during the liberation
period; then we worked out our accounts for today; and finally we worked out our
accounts toward the end of this century. The population increase in Yuyang
County has not been in proportion to our economic and social development. The
county's population has increased from 402,874 in 1949 to 616,938 in 1982, with
a net increased of 214,064 and an average rate of automatic yearly increase of
1.4 percent. When first liberated, the county's total arable land measured
988,000 mu, at an average per capita acreage of 2.45 mu. In 1982, this total
decreased to 863,28/ mu, and the average per capita acreage to 1.4 mu. In
1949, the county's overall foodgrain output was 158.24 million catties, at an
average per capita allocation of 393 catties; in 1982, this overall output was
404.41 million catties, with an increase of 155.6 percent over that of 1949;
but the average per capita foodgrain allocation increased by only 66.6 percent.
According to the 1982 population survey, the county's middle-aged persons num-
bered 238,000, making up 39.3 percent; its youths and children numbered 326,000,
making up 53.4 percent, of whom those under 20 years of age numbered 357,010
(sic). This implies that, beginning this year and within the next 11 years,
there will be 8,000 couples of unmarried male and female youths entering the
marrying and childbearing age each year. If each married couple gives birth
to only one child, there will be a yearly increase of 4,000, which by the end
of this century will reach 680,000. If each couple gives birth to two children,
the yearly increase will be 12,000, and by the end of this century the total
will reach 820,000. If Yuyang County is to reach the well-to-do level by the
end of this century, we must realize the quadrupling of cur overall output value
to reach 466 million yuan and control our population with 700,000. Even if
these goals are realized, the average per capita income will be still only 66/7
yuan, which is 1,666 yuan less than the national average, and 916 yuan less
than the provincial average, and also 185 yuan less than the regional average.
Through such calculations, the vast ranks of the masses began to really under-
stand what a NCNA commentator recently pointed out: On the questions of popu- .
lation, arable land and foodgrains, we are in the same situation as when we
reached the shore of the Dadu River during the Long March of the Red Army; at
that time we had but one outlet, and that was to cross the Dadu River and open
up a new world. Today, we also have but one outlet, and that is to carry out
birth control. Therefore, the vast ranks of our cadres and masses must estab-
lish firmly the concept of “population balance” and thereby consciously carry
out the practice of late marriage and late childrearing and giving birth to
only one child.
Is “contraception after one birth and sterilization after two births Yuyang's
indigenous policy," then? Comrade Qian Zhongxin [6929 1813 0207], chairman of
the state birth control commission, proposed at the telephone conference
during the nationwide birth control propaganda month: "In the case of women of
childbearing age who have already given birth to one child, they must do their
best to adopt the contraceptive device; in the case of women of childbearing
age who have already given birth to two children, they must do their best to
mobilize either the husband or the wife to go through one of the sterilization
operations." This contraception after one birth and sterilization after two
births approach constitutes a new avenue for effective control of the popula-
tion increase of this mountainous Yuyang County, where minority nationalities
live in « compact community; it is of considerable realistic significance. The
benefits from this approach number at least five: First, only sterilization
76
can prevent multiple births; second, sterilization can reduce remedial measures
ind be of benefit to the protection of women’s physical health; third, sterili-
zation can reduce the economic burdens of the state, the collectives, and in-
dividuals; fourth, the sterilization operation is very simple in procedure, does
not cause great pain, and is the most reliable, safest and most effective
conception-avoiding measure; and fifth, after sterilization, births will be
reduced, remedies will be reduced and punishments will also be reduced, so the
sense of confrontation can also be reduced. The relationship between the cadres
and the masses will also become closer. For instance, the Mawang District has
done its best to propagate the five benefits of sterilization and the scientific
knowledge about sterilization and succeeded in eliminating the "four fears"
toward sterilization by the objects of the operation who should resort to it
(fear of pain, fear of inability to work, fear of impact on husband-wife rela-
tionship, and fear that after one goes through it, others will no longer be
to do it in the future); this helped the district to effect more than
2,000 cases of sterilization.
forced
when the propaganda month first began in Yuyang County, a few of the masses
heard that sterilization was to be administered at selected points; they then
said: "Whether or not it should be done, the cadres know best; so long as the
cadres go through it, we masses cannot escape the fate either." Cadres in the
public agencies also said: "The key area for birth control is the countryside;
our agencies need not follow suit." From practice, the Yuyang County Party
Committee realized that, in carrying out birth control, the public agencies are
really the key area, whereas the countryside is a selected area. This propa
ganda month must be launched fas@ and deep, and there must be a new method of
handling it; it is necessary to dee the public agencies taking up the leadership
ver the countryside, and the cadres taking up the leadership over the masses.
Things can no longer be done as in the past, when the operation was performed
in whoever was caught, resulting in the erroneous impression that "it is the
honest who get caught.” Only when systems and segments follow suit, level
after level, can ihe flowing of propaganda lead to eventual fruition. The
county party committee convened in time an urgent mobilization rally of all
party members in organs at the county level and leading cadres of various de-
partments as well as all working personnel in organs under the direct juris-
diction of the two commissions and the two administrations. Emphasis w.
placed on the necessity of maintaining consistency with the party Cen’
Committee, and the determination to implement the fundamental state policy.
Efforts were made to reason with the participants rationally and move them
emotionally so as to summon their patriotic enthusiasm to enable them to work
for the implementation of our birth control policy. They were asked to take
the lead in three instances during the propaganda month (take the lead in
study, take the lead in propaganda, and take the lead in carrying out birth
control measures), to offer four pledges (pledge for oneself, pledge for one's
family members, pledge fcr relatives and friends, and pledge for one's own
unit), and to assure five implementations (implementation of sterilization,
implementation of remedies, implementation of contraception, implementation of
registration and taking out of certificates, and implementation of late marriage
and late childrearing). Among the organs at the county level there were 128
units with objects of sterilization who should resort to it; of these, 58 units
nave more than 90 percent of their members who have already gone through steril-
ization, making up 45.3 percent of all those which should resort to it. There
77
were 1,047 objects of sterilization at the county level who should resort to it;
of these 933 have already gone through sterilization, making up 89.1 percent of
the total, and among these there were 27 county governor and deputy governor
and leading cadres of departments and bureaus who should have resorted to it,
of them 20 had already gone through sterilization, making up 74 percent of the
total, while among those 7 who have not yet done so, 4 abstained because of
illness, and 3 because of the call of duty elsewhere. There were 135 managers
and section chiefs and center directors who should have resorted to steriliza-
tion; of them 106 had already gone through it, making up 78 percent. There
were 12 engineers, farm technicians, agricultural economists, husbandry special-
ists, veterinarians, residential doctors, accountants, statisticians, lecturers
and lawyers at the county level who should have resorted to sterilization; of
them 7 had already done so, 3 went on duty elsewhere, 2 have been given approval
by their leadership to do it later. There were 353 units among agencies at the
district and commune level with objects of sterilization who should have resorted
to it; units with over 90 percent of members having done it number 186, making
up 52./ percent of these who should resort to it. There were 1,860 staff mem-
bers and workers at the district and commune agencies who should have resorted
to sterilization; of them 1,451 had already gone through it, making up 78 percent
of the total, and, among these, cadres at the district level who should have
resorted to sterlization numbered 86 and of them 70 had already gone through
it, making up 81.4 percent; cadres at the commune level who should have resorted
to sterilization numbered 189 and of them 164 had already gone through it,
making up 86.8 percent. Under the leadership of cadres at the county, district
and commune level, there appeared in the moving situation of the people of
various nationalities vying with one another in going through the sterilization
operation many delightful scenes wherein the father would admonish the son,
the mother-in-law would admonish the daughter-in-law, relatives would admonish
relatives, triends would admonish friends, and husbands and wives would strive
to be the first to go through the sterilization operation. There were 453
cases of such sterilization operations in Ganxi Commune, which made up 98.6
percent of all those who should have resorted to it, and 1,03 [sic] cases in
Mawang Commune, which made up 92.6 percent of all those who should resort to
it. Of the 116 staff and workers stationed at the Yuyang County Middle School
No | in Longtan, all 50 who should have resorted to it had gone through the
operation.
During this propaganda month, Yuyang absorbed the past individual lesson of
“offending people in every individual unit, then trying to placate people in
every system, thus what the superior level wished to put into effect, those
below would bypass as a way of granting favor to others," and hence proceeded
to grasp seriously the implementation of measures by the various systems and
departments themselves as well as their subordinate units. The culture and
education bureau also especially convened a telephone conference of responsible
persons of cultural units under the jurisdiction of the county and cultural and
educational assistants of various districts, principals of the central schools
of the districts, and party branch secretaries and principals of middle schools
to stress the five concrete measures and to promote timely sterilization opera-
tions. The county's finance and trade department also convened a telephone con-
ference of the county's finance and trade system to require the finance and
trade units to make sure to accomplish the five above-90 percent operations.
Since that telephone conference, the finance and trade system has already ac-
complished 96.4 percent of its tasks.
9255 78
CSO: 4005/1153
NORTH REGION
CPC SECRETARY ON LEADING PATRIOTIC EDUCATION
HKO70537 Shijiazhuang HEBEI RIBAO in Chinese 27 Sep 83 pp 1, 3
["Excerpts" of speech by Gao Zhanxiang [7559 0594 4382], secretary of pro-
vincial CPC committee and chairman of the provincial five stresses, four
beauties, and three loves committee, at 26 September provincial CYL meeting
on patriotic education: "Turn Patriotic Feeling Into Patriotic Efforts,
Constantly Lead the In-Depth Education in Patriotism]
[Text] Dear Comrades:
This meeting on exchanging experience in patriotic education, which is
organized by the provincial CYL committee, is being held at the right time,
when it is much desired. Through this meeting, the provincial CYL committee
will surely play an active and promotive role in leading the in-depth
development of publicity of and educationin patriotism in the province.
Over the previous period, the province has made great achievements in
patriotic education. We may say that we have made a good start. The pro-
vincial party organization at all levels have strengthened their leadership
in a practical way over the patriotic activities. Furthermore, the CYL
organizations at all levels actively participate in the movement, with
cooperation and responsible actions from the departments concerned. They
have dramatically carried out the patriotic education activities throughout
the province, particularly among the broad youth. The activities are great
in strength and impetus, are being carried out in a wide scope in nunerous
forms, and have achieved good results. Through the publicity and education
over the previous period, the broad masses, particularly the youth, have
further promoted their affection for the party and the socialist motherland.
In ‘he system of ideological and political educationin patriotism, collec-
tivism, socialism, and communism, patriotism has been manifesting its char-
acteristics and special role in the education system as an important content.
However, if our patriotic education only remains at the level of expressing
our affection for the motherland and for Hebei Province, it is obviously
insufficient, though commendable. If we fail promptly to lead the in-depth
patriotic education, our patriotic education will probably end poorly and
with little achievement. Therefore, the present issue, which is worth con-
scientious studying and solving by the party at all levels, the CYL
79
organizations, and the departments concerned, particularly the comrades who
are responsible for publicityand united front work, is to lead the in-depth
patriotic education by making the best use of the situation.
In what way should we lead the in-depth patriotic education? The answer
is that we must integrate the educationin patriotic ideology with the prac-
tical activities of vigorously developing Hebei Province, and turn our
patriotic feeling into patriotic efforts. This is the key link in whether
or not we are able to lead the in-depth patriotic education. The patriotism
we are talking about is an important content in the system of communist
ideology as well as in the practical activities of loving the motherland.
We must promptly turn the patriotic feeling of the masses, particularly of
the youth, whichis radiated in the patriotic activities, into a materia]
strength of “loving the motherland, constructing the hometown," and the
practical move of vigorously developing China and Hebei Province. By acting
this way, our patriotic education will become lively and practical, and
achieve remarkable success. For this reason, I am going to talk about my
opinions as follow:
First, in Order to Turn Patriotic Feeling into Patriotic Efforts, We Must
Advocate the Study Atmosphere
Patriotic education not only has to stimulate affection for the country but
also has to stimulate the people to develop their abilities for building
the country. Basically speaking, there will hardly be any long-lasting
patriotic fervor without the mass fervor of study. Therefore, we have to
advocate the study atmosphere and unfold a vigorous mass campaign for study.
We have to mobilize thousands upon thousands of youths actively to partici-
pate in various forms of study. The education department, mass organizations,
such as trade unions, CYL, women's federations, all trades and professions,
as well as all departments concerned must open all avenues for study. The
provincial CPC committee and the provincial government must rely on the
strength of various sectors in society, and run schools using the multilevel
and multichannel method and with various standards and forms. This is a
strategic measure as well as a good method using limited investment but
obtaining quick achievements in speeding up the development of education
in the province. They must rely on the strength of various sectors in
society, run more and better various types of schools at all levels, such
as TV colleges, correspondence colleges, correspondence courses, and evening
colleges. They must adopt effective measures to encourage the youth to head
in the direction of developing their abilities through independent study.
They must establish as soon as possible a provincial guiding committee on
college entrance examination for independent study students, an industrial
and agricultural education committee, and a fund committee for students wio
develop their abilities through independent study. The provincial CYL
committee have to hold, in the fourth quarter of this year, a conference
on exchanging experience in developing abilities through independent study,
$0 aS to promote the extensive development of the study campaign. This work
must be grasped firmly. Once it is done, we shall have grasped the hearts
of the youth; after that, we shall have grasped the hearts of the parents;
80
and after that, we shall have grasped the core of cultivating qualified
personnel. Through the study activities, more heroic children who are loyal
to the motherland as well as possessing abilities to build the country will
emerge.
Second, in Order to Turn Patriotic Feeling into Patriotic Efforts, We Must
Guide and Educate the Youth to Make Remarkable Achievements in Their Duties
Patriotiom is very practical. Only when a person closely integrates his
study, labor, and work with the destiny of the state and the future of the
nation can he be regarded as a real patriot. The patriotic ideology of a
person is judged by his patriotic acts. Each youth should treat his specific
duty as the front on which to dedicate himself to the service of the country,
und treat his down-to-earth style of work and labor as his act of dedicating
himself to the service of the country.
In order to guide the youth to turn their patriotic feeling into patriotic
efforts in their duties, we must grasp well and resolutely the shock workers'
activity of the new long march. At present, the "five petty wisdom cup emula-
tion” and the “five top crackerjacks competition" which are being carried
out on the youth front are specific examples of the shock workers’ activity
of the new long march. We must practical achievements in the work. We must
realize that each successful minor invention adds glory to Hebei Province,
and that cach crackerjack is a pioneer of loving Hebei Province and of
building the hometown. We must mobilize the youth actively to throw them-
selves into the key construction projects of the state in our province.
The broad cadres must work hard in government affairs, fulfill their duties,
and do their best in their own jobs in a death-defying spirit. Only by acting
in this way can they lead the broad youth to strive to build the beautiful
hometown, the civilized city, and the prosperous and powerful state.
Third, in Order to Turn Patriotic Feeling into Patriotic Efforts, We Must
Lead the Youth to do Some Actual Works Which are Favorable to the State and
the Peop ] e
the patriotic education activities, we must integrate the practice of
patriotic education with the organization of patriotic activities. The CYL
organizations must lead the youth to participate in some influential activi-
ties in society and do some actual works which satisfy the CPC committees,
are appreciated by the masses, and are welcomed by the youth, so as to add
glory to the motherland. This is the most vivid and the most practical
patriotic education in teaching the youth.
What kind of actual work will be favored by the state and the people? The
answer lies, proceeding from the view of the province, in whether or not
we grasp well the following four things: The first is study, the second
is afforestation, the third is "contracted households," and the fourth is
highway building.
81
When we stress study, we mean publicizing the slogans of studying in a big
way and creating a dense study atmosphere. We must achieve something in
the next year. If you encounter any trouble, the provincial CPC committee
and the provincial government will give you support and try their best to
help you solve practical problems.
When we stress afforestation, we mean mobilizing the youth to plant trees
and tlowers, to beautify cities, and to make the hometown green. I[n order
to take concerted action for the patriotic mobilie red banner emulation
drive in public health work in 12 cities in the province, the provincial
CYL committee and the urban and rural construction and environmental protec-
tion offices in the province, cities, and rural areas have jointly to organize
emulation activities for young red-banner pacesetters aiming at afforestation
in |Z cities starting from next year. They should mobilize the youth to
lect tree seeds, cultivate young plants, trim flower beds, and plant trees.
The province and cities should choose, through public appraisal, the young
red-banner pacesetters and shock brigades in the work of beautifying cities.
Once we have constantly grasped the work for 5 or 10 years, the youth will
be able to beautify the 12 cities with their own hands. This is to add
yiory to the motherland and Hebei Province, and to benefit the people.
dhen we stress “contracted households," we mean continuously mobilizing the
youth to carry out the "contracted households" activities for serving the
"five guarantees households" in the urban and rural areas. Furthermore,
we must gradually form a coordinated process of enthusiastic services so
as to bring warmth to thousands upon thousands of households. Once this
work is done well, there will be more people who ardently love our great
socialist motherland.
When we stress highway building, we mean mobilizing the youth to build and
maintain roads and bridges, and to bring benefit to the people. No matter
whether in urban or rural areas, the work of building and maintaining roads
and bridges has always been a matter of keen interest to the masses.
"Carrying a spade on my shoulder, I go to build roads and bring benefit to
the masses." Since there are 2.2 million youth in our province, it will
be a remarkable achievement if they can build thousands of roads in the next
year.
Once we have done these things well, we shall actually have done the solid
and in-depth work of patriotic education. If all trades and professions
act in this way, we shall achieve more success in the patriotic education
in the province, and shall create a new situation in the work of patriotic
education.
Fourth, in Order to Turn Patriotic Feeling into Patriotic Efforts, We Must
Advocate the New General Mood of Scciety of the "Five Stresses and Four
Beauties"
In order to advocate in a big way the new general mood of the "five stresses
and four beauties," we have constantly to carry out decorum and courtesy
82
vr '
lucation, establish, on a full scale, healthy tendencies in society, and
heck malpractices and unhealthy tendencies among the people, particularly
among the youth. This is an important aspect of moulding people's patriotic
sentiment. After we have carried out well the spiritual construction of
the state and carried forward the general mood of the "five stresses and
four beauties," we shall be able to make the people feel the civilization
and the greatness of the motherland, to enhance their sense of national pride,
and to deepen the patriotic feeling of the people.
When we advocate in a big way the new general mood of the "five stresses
and four beauties," we must also link it with the present patriotic public
health movement which is being carried out. We must carry out education
in safeguarding social ethics ona grand scale among the youth in the province,
lead them to cultivate the habit of paying attention to hygiene, and lead
them to strive to accomplish the "three don'ts," that is, don't spit, don't
litter, and don't damage any plant or flower. At the same time, we must
also mobilize the masses and the youth to struggle against all kinds of mal-
practices and unhealthy tendencies, and work hard for achieving a fundamental
change for the better in the general mood of society in our province!
Fifth, in Order to Turn Patriotic Feeling into Patriotic Efforts, We Must
Actively Carry Out Socialist Cultural Activities
A remarkable characteristic of the patriotic education which was carried
out over the past period was that we carried out education by fully utilizing
the artistic and literary forms as well as the front of cultural activities.
This characteristic suits the character of the youth. Therefore, the youth
took delight in joining in and easily accepted this patriotic propaganda
education. In consequence, we made good achievements in the work of patriotic
education.
The CPC Central Committee has recently approved and conveyed a document
entitled "Some Suggestions Concerning the Strengthening of Cultural Work
in Cities, Among Miners and the Masses" from four departments, including
the Central Propaganda Department and the CYL Central Committee. This is
i very important document and we must conscientiously carry it out. The
entral Committee pointed out: We must carry out education while conducting
recreational activities. We must conduct all kinds of cultural activities
for the masses in a vivid way. We must try our best to exert imperceptible
influence on them by means of images, and through literature and art, so
as to achieve our goal of educating them in the patriotic ideology of patri-
otiem, collectivism, and communism. Facts have proved that when we fully
utilize the front of cultural activities, and carry out various kinds of
cultural activities based on patriotism, we can stimulate the patriotic
feeling of the masses, particularly the youth. Then, we can stimulate them
to resist the corrosive influence of various decadent and reactionary things.
I hope that all departments and all units will continue to provide a front
for the youth on which to carry out cultural activities. The CYL should
voluntarily take concerted action with the parties concerned, and grasp
firmly the building of the front for the youth to carry out cultural
83
activities. The broad rural CYL organizations should mobilize the youth
to accomplish the work with their own hands, and strive to establish the youth
centre in most of the production brigades in 2 to 3 years' time. The CYL
must strive to become the pioneer in occupying the front for the youth to
carry out their leisure activities by means of socialist culture, and must
cultivate a lofty patriotic sentiment and communist moral character among
the youth by means of symbolic arts.
Educating the youth in patriotism is a work of profound significance. It
is also a capital construction of cultivating new people as well as a long-
term strategic task of the CYL. Therefore, we must carry on the work year
after year. The CYL must infiltrate patriotism into every post of the organi-
zation, let it play an active role, and vigorously carry out the in-depth
patriotic educationin the province so as to stimulate the people to bestir
themselves, and to vigorously develop Hebei Province!
CSO: 4005/42
84
NORTH REGION
REASONS FOR APPEARANCE OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY EXAMINED
Beijing BEIJING RIBAO in Chinese 26 Aug 83 p 3
{Article by Sheng Yimo [4141 0001 7417]: "Serious Criminal Offenders Are an
Important Manifestation of Class Struggle in Chinese Soctety”]
[Text] Since the Third Plenum of the llth Party Central Committee, in order
to realize a fundamental improvement in the situation of society's public
order, the Party and the nation's political and legal public security organs
and the broad masses of the people have put forth a great effort and compre-
hensively harnessed public order in society, punished a group of serious
criminal offenders according to the law, and guaranteed the smooth carrying
out of the four modernizations and the safety of the people's property. We
must clearly realize, however, that the situation of public order in China
is still a long way from fundamentally taking a turn for the better. A few
people are engaging insuch illegal activities as murder, arson, bombings,
rape and robbery, and they are swollen with arrogance. Out of all the broad
masses of the people there is none who do not gnash their teeth in hatred at
this, and strongly demand that the political and legal public safety organs
crack down on the structive activities of criminal offenders.
At present, sericus criminal offenders are so arrogant mainly because in our
work we have not seriously enforced the law or forcefully cracked down. Perhaps
some comrades ask: why don't we forcefully crack down? A study of the reasons
shows that there are comrades for whom, within certain limits in our society,
an insufficient estimate of class struggle still exists; they are unclear about
this problem, to the point where they have a mistaken view. Those comrades
with one type of view think that criminal offenders who commit crimes mainly
come under the category of contradictions within the people, and not under the
contradiction between ourselves and the enemy. Those comrades with another
view feel that criminal offenders are a social phenomenon, and that capitalist
nations also have them. Most people are not clear concerning why the serious
criminal offender within our country are an important manifestation of class
Struggle.
What we mean by serious criminal offenses are not all identical crimes and
criminal offenses. For instance, there are light intentional or unintential
crimes, and there is also that type of criminal activity that savagely destroys
socialist construction or harms the people. Criminals engaging in this type
85
of criminal activity include those who work in collusion and gangs of hoodlums
who commit crimes concurrently; murderers, arsonists, those who make explo-
sions, drug pushers and rapists; those who do evil, bully and oppress the
people, “spread tyranny left and right"; criminals who gang up and beat,
provoke trouble, assault and murder, and humiliate women; dealers who ridnap
women and children; the head and chief culprits who manufacture, peddle
and organize the spread of obscene goods; criminals who illegally manufacture,
deal, transport or seize and steal firearms, ammunition and explosives; those
who write counterrevolutionary posters and leaflets, and other active counter-
revolutionaries. These are all hostile elements which are detested and hated
by the people.
Although the specific means and facts of the crimes of these serious criminal
otfender are similar, they are opposed to our socialist society and opposed
to the broad masses of the people, and they jointly rape women, murder, conmit
arson, set off explosions and take other cruel measures, and they ruthlessly
harm socialist construction. In many areas during the day some criminals breax
into residences and rape women; some brazenly kidnap and rape young women,
even to the point that after raping them they murder them; some commit unbridled
murder, and some break into, enter and rob and murder a victim; some carry out
huge robberies; some harm drivers and steal their vehicles; some deal drugs,
commit arson, set off explosions, steal arms and ammunition, etc. They run
amuck and are overbearing, and they have no scruples. As far as they see it,
they are the masters and the masses are all slaves. They must ride roughshod
over the people, and the state and the people must be ordered about by them.
[f they see someone who is offensive to the eye, or if someone dares to argue
with them, they will use a knife and stab that person to death. In the city
they bully and tryannize, buy and sell by force, and curse at and beat up
customers. What difference is there between them and the local tyrants and
ruftians of our old society? If this continues to develop, how will people
then be in the mood to study and work! The actions of these few criminals
are clearly a spearhead directed at the broad masses of people and directed
at socialist society, and they carry out frenzied destruction.
Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "In this present stage, in this period of
socialist construction, all classes, strata and social groups approving,
supporting and participating in the undertaking of socialist constructi
belong in the scope of the people, and all those who resist the social revolu-
tion and are hostile towards and destroy the social forces and social groups
f socialist contruction are enemies of the people.” In these words, Comrade
Mao Zedong concerning the differences between the people and the enemy, the
ontradictions within the people and the contradictions between ourselves and
the enemy, is completely in accord with China's actual conditions, and he
bears out the truth of our present situation in society. The above mentioned
serious criminal offenders who savagely oppose the people and oppose socialist
society, are they not those “who revolt against social revolutions and are
hostile towards and destroy the socia! forces and social groups of socialist
construction"? Is this not the utterly vicious “enemy of the people”? In
observing any type of social phenomenon or handling any social problem, we
cannot help but stand on the side of the overwhelming majority of the people,
only this way can we accurately see, and not be mislead by the false appear-
ance of any phenomenon, anc only then can we correctly judge the situation of
lass Struggle.
86
Among serious criminal offenders, one type of phenomenon that is worth
thing is: the gangs of hoodlums, containing 3 to 5 members at the least,
and 10 to 100 at the most These groups are in fact a type of secret society
srganization. The backbone of these groups consists mostly of hardened
riminals, recidivists and repeated offenders. These wang» have a leader and
an organization, and many gangs have a pronounced political flavor; some are
actually small counterrevolutionary cliques. This type of gang, forming
alliances and factions, often adopts concerted actions, resists China‘’s soci-
alist society, and the harm is great. Our struggle with them is an ocutstand-
ing manifestation of the distinct nature of class struggle.
Certainly, capitalist societies also have criminal offenders, moreover, it is
a sign of the turbulence and unrest of Western society. The problem of crime
in capitalist society, however, is a necessary outcome of the capitalist system.
As long as the system of private ownership and people exploiting people exists,
ind the corrupted and decadent bougeois ideological cultural influences that
complement this criminal System also continue to exist, there is no possibility
of curing the criminal condition of the Western world. In this respect the
riminal condition of our society has a basic difference with the Western
world. We have already realized socialist public ownership, and have eradi-
ited the old system of people exploiting people and people enslaving people.
ae fave established a completely new socialist system and a system appropri-
ite for communist thought. Capitalism is a system that manufacturers a form
‘t crime, and socialism is a system that is gradually eliminating criminal
wtivity. The two systems are completely different. However, serious criminal
ictivity still exists in our society. It is just as Comrade Deng Xiaoping
said: “We definitely cannot lower our guard concerning the occurence of murder
ind arson, setting off explosions, looting and robbing, rape and gang rape
ind other pernicious cases. Some of this type of criminal activity comes
nder the category of counterrevolutionary activity, some belongs to the
unterattacks of the remaining forces of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four,”
m belongs to the harm created by those who crave nothing short of nation-
wide chaos, some belongs to the remaining vestiges of the exploiting class
who are slipping back into their old ways, and some is due to the serious
rrosiveness of feudalist and capitalist thought and style. According to
the nature of this, one type is the contradiction between ourselves and the
enemy, and another is a reflection of che varying degrees of class struggle
the people. This explains that even though class struggle is not the main
ntradiction in our society, it still definitely exists, and can often be
cen.” Comrade Deng Xiaoping made a scientific and penetrating analysis con-
erning the class struggle nature of serious criminal activities and the
lifferent reasons for their emergence. The excuse that “every society has
criminal offenders” negates the thesis that serious criminal activity in our
society is an important manifestation of class struggle; it is not tenable
ind does not conform to China's actual conditions, and so is harmful.
[n summing up, serious criminal offenders are a target of tne people's
lemocratic dictatorship, and they must be firmly and severely attacked. In
joing this we can then uphold justice and prevail over evil, and cause
enemy to be frightened and the people to be happy. At the same time we can
rescue the large group of youths who have been poisoned, help them to differ-
entiate between the enemy and ourselves, repent and make a fresh start. Thus
we can realize a fundamental turn for the better in the situation of our
social order, and enable all the people for a long time to maintain a social
environment in which to engage in the four modernizations.
>
12437 87
CSO: 4005/1171
NORTH RECION
INCREASED RESPECT, SELF-ESTEEM IN CADRES URGED
Shijiazhuang HEBEI KIBAO in Chinese 23 Aug 83 p 4
[Article by Wang Xiaohe [3769 2556 3109]: "Respect and Self-esteem")
[Text}) In the new leading groups, many young cadres both show respect for
older cadres and are innovative in their work, and they play an excellent
role. However there are also a few young cadres who in “being respectf:1"
worry too much and over do it, and have become overcautious. In problems
that must be solved they are not daring in offering their views; in normal
disputes they do not state their views frankly; if an old comrade has spoken
ut concerning his views on a few problems, even if what he says is not com-
prehensive enough, the young comrade does not say a word, or he does speak a
few words and endorses the older man's views out of etiquette. This way,
there is respect but no self-esteem, so that the development of role and work
of creativity is affected.
The leading group does things in a revolutionary, youthful, knowledgeable
and specialized manner. A cooperation and replacement of new cadres and old
takes plice in order to solve the problem of having successors to continue to
carry forward the revolution and forge ahead into the future, in order to
competently manage the mutually beneficial integrity, knowledge, ability and
learning of the leading group, 2"d in order to bring into play the efficacy
of the very best overall leaders. In this sense, the responsibilities of the
young cadres are slightly heavier. They must with ax open mind learn from
the older cadres, and take the rich experience and excellent tradition of
the older cadres and carry it on. They also must give scope to their special
skills of being in the prime of their lives and possessing culture and learn-
ing, and they must independently be responsible for doing their own work.
Faced with this situation, new cadres must have a new attitude towards respect-
ing old cadres while preserving their own self-esteem. What we mean by self-
respect is to honor and regard the ideas and roles of old cadres, modestly
learn from them, ask them for advice, and be earnest and sincere towards them,
and to respectfully receive the experience that they pass down. What we mean
by self-esteem is paying attention to your own words and deeds, recognizing
the position and effect of all undertakings you are engaging in, being full
of confidence about your own work and capability, to strengthen your dedica-
tior and sense of responsibility, earnestly take responsibility, be open and
aboveboard, and be innovative in your work. Kespect does not mean to blindly
88
‘ ! » ‘; ‘{ { w- » s . ‘ if ° al r ,
, f , racer JUs,fatl }ORre ; mia t } mG , rj nately NOG four rye bas Mather,
, in work and in probing Into knotty problems, going out and embodying
the revolutionary spirit of mutual help and concern, to offset your weaknesses
bntly forge ahead, Self-esteem 1s not exercising selferestraint, being
perci{lious, and only msidering wnat you yourself have said. Morevvuer, ir
leveloping work and solving problems, you must have the correct attitude for
being willing to use your brains, thinking of methods, making proposals,
intiy striving to improve and independently assuming responsibility.
Kespect and self-esteem compliment each ovcher. A person need only understand
se | esteem to be able to respect thers; one need only to respect others
f « able to establish self-esteem. If these two are taken and put in inappro-
ite places, and undue emphasis is put on one side, then the other will be
lost, and the result will be juste the opposite of what was desired. Therefore,
wt mbine respect with self-esteem, we can then enthusiastically march
rward, and do good wore.
ract tilly speaking, in our leading group, young and old comrades alike have
jem with respect and self-esteem. No matter who it is, they have strong
ints and weak points. The strong points of old comrades are that they have
rotound experience, broadened horizons, rich exper‘ence and are politically
wasoned, They are, however, getting on in years, and commonly speaking,
ir cultural level is comparatively low. Young cadres’ strong points are
that they are young, their cultural leve) is high and they are full of vigor.
/ AlSO possess weakenesses such as they are inexperienced and their
ire simple. Old cadres must respect young cadres; filled with ardor
incerity the old should foster the young, help then to enthusiastically
march forward, and support them to state their own views frankly and be inno-
sative in their work. Young cadres likewise must have self-esteem. This is
( because they are young, cultured and complacent, nor is it because they \
nave little experience, are overcautious and have few methods. They must
modestly study from old cadres and be innovative in their work, and they must
improve themselves by hardening themselves through experience. We hope that
every comrade will be clear about the theory of respect and self-esteem,
mpetently handle the cooperative replacement of old cadres with new ones,
and we hope that the level of our leadership will continually improve and
that each job will be better done.
‘5() ¢ 60059/117)1
NORTH REGION
BRIEFS
TIANJIN LEGAL ADVISORY OFFICE--To use legal means to rationalize economic
relations and solve economic disputes in an effort to safeguard the state
sovereignty and the legal rights and interests of all departments, the
Tianjin Municipal People's Government has recently approved a measure
saying that all bureaus, companies, and large plants under the municipal
economic commission and under the municipal foreign economic and trade
commission should gradually build their own legal advisory offices or invite
lawvers to serve as their legal advisors. The legal advisory offices should
handie legal affairs in their own departments under the direct leadership
of the responsible persons of their departments. In handling vocational
affairs, these offices should be subjected to the guidance of the relevant
minicipal and district judicial and administrative organs. The duties of
these offices are to help their departments draw up regulations and systems,
to collect and collate laws and regulations related to the departments, to
help their departments drafting contracts, to study legal issues raised by
responsible persons and by various sections and units, to represent their
departments to conduct prosecution, and to propagate the socialist legal
system to cadres, workers and staff members. [Excerpt] [Tianjin City
Service in Mandarin 1430 GMT 21 Sep 83 SK]
CS0: 6005/42
90
NORTHWEST REGION
PROPAGANDA WORK MEETING ON DENG'S ‘WORKS'
HKOLOSI1 Yinchuan NINGXIA RIBAO in Chinese 20 Aug 83 p 1
|Report: "Propaganda Department of the Regional CPC Committee Held Work
Meeting on Studying and Propagating ‘Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping’ and
Called on People to Take it as a Programmatic Document and to Implement it
in Their Work"
[Text] On 16-19 August, the propaganda department of Ningxia Regional CPC
Committee held a work meeting in Yinchuan conscientiously to relay and imple-
ment the spirit of the national work meeting, and to make arrangements for
the propaganda work of the latter half of the year with emphasis placed on
studying and propagating the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping.'' Those who
attended the meeting included directors of propaganda departments of various
prefectural, city, and county (district) CPC committees and responsible
comrades in charge of propaganda work of the CPC committees (leading party
groups) of various regional organs and the political department of Ningxia
Military District, as well as responsible comrades of universities, colleges,
and some factories and mines wh? are responsible for propaganda work. Hei
Boli, deputy secretary of the reg‘onal CPC committee, delivered a speech
on the subject of studying and propagating the "Selected Works of Deng
Xiaoping" and doing ideological and political work well. Wang Yining,
director of the propaganda department of the regional CPC committee, made
a summary report at the meeting.
Through study and discussion, all the participating comrades unanimously
held that during the first half of this year, various propaganda departments
had done a lot of work and achieved fairly good results in light of the
arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the regional CPC committee.
They had also accumulated some experiences for doing propaganda, ideological,
and political work well during the new period. The decision made by the
national propaganda meeting on taking the study and propaganda of the
"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" as a key task of propaganda work in future
is in accord with the demands of the development of the objective situation
under the new historical conditions and conforms to the desires of the broad
masses of people. It has also further pointed out the orientation of the
party's propaganda work. Propaganda departments of the CPC committees at
various levels in our region should take as their key task the study and
propagandaof the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" during the second half
91
of this year, or for a longer period of time. Communist party members and
cadres should take the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" as the main content
of their political and ideological study. They should do well various propa-
ganda work around this key task, and do their best to become sentries, staff
officers, and aides of the CPC committees on the ideological front.
The regional propaganda meeting has studied the problem of effectively
organizing the study and propaganda of the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping."
In order to grasp firmly and effectively the study of the "Selected Works
of Deng Xiaoping" in a down-to-earth manner, the meeting has made further
specific arrangements in accordance with the plans and requirements of the
regional CPC committee: 1) We should vigorously propagate the important
significance of studying the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping,” so that the
broad masses of party members, cadres, and people will understand that the
"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" is a programmatic document for building
socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the theoretical basis for formu-
lating the party's line, guidelines, and policies in the process of effecting
historically great changes and that the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping"
inherits and develops Mao Zedong Thought. The "Selected Works of Deng
Xiaoping" has an important guiding significance for our present and future
socialist construction. During the second half of this year and the entire
period of party rectification, party organizations at various levels should
do well in organizing people to study and propagate the "Selected Works of
Deng Xiaoping,” and in taking the spirit of the "Selected Works of Deng
Xiaoping" to guide the party rectification and various work. 2) Various
localities and departments should make specific arrangements for the work
of promoting the study and propaganda of the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping"
in light of local conditions, and firmly grasp the implementation of their
plans. Party organizations at various levels should establish leading groups
in charge of the study. Where conditions exist, various regional organs,
committees, departments, and bureaus as well as various prefectures, cities,
and counties should run full-time short-term study classes. While promoting
the study of the documents of the Ist Session of the 6th NPC, we should also
concentrate our efforts to firmly grasp cadres’ theoretical studies with
emphasis placed on the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping," enhance our under-
standing of the spirit of the 12th CPC National Congress, and make ideological
and theoretical preparations for the full-scale party rectification. Our
efforts to promote the study and propaganda of the "Selected Works of Deng
Xiaoping" should be integrated with the study and propaganda of "Selections
of Important Documents Since the Third Plenary Session," and articles and
speeches of other central leading comrades. Units such as newspapers, broad-
casting stations, TV stations, the Academy of Social Sciences and others
should strengthen their propaganda and give more guidance for the study cam-
paign. They should organize professional and amateur theoretical writers
to write a .umber of good-quality articles to propagate the basic viewpoint
of the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" with key and well-defined objectives
in mind. Various localities, departments, and units should conscientiously
provide guidance for the study campaign. 3) We should take the "Selected
Works of Deng Xiaoping" as a programmatic document to promote Chinese-style
socialist construction, and implement it in our practical work. In particular,
92
propaganda departments at various levels should adopt resolute measures to
do 60. Various work and meetings of the second half of this year should
be arranged around the central task of the study and propaganda of the
"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping." We should embody the expositions of the
"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" concerned in various work and meetings.
Therefore, cadres of various propaganda, cultural, and educational units
should take the lead in studying and applying the "Selected Works of Deng
Xiaoping," and set good examples for the masses.
The meeting has also studied and made arrangements for the work of con-
scientiously propagating and implementing the spirit of the First Session
of the Sixth NPC around the central task of studying and propagating the
"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping." Furthermore, the meeting has made plans
and arrangements for the following work: providing more education for party
members; carrying out patriotic and communist education; strengthening the
building of socialist spiritual civilization; propagating the importance
of concentrating financial and material resources to ensure the progress
of key projects; continuing to propagate the necessity of attaching importance
to knowledge and intellectuals; strengthening leadership over cultural and
educational work, promoting propaganda work of the "month of unity among
nationalities"; effectively organizing the activities to mark the 90th birth-
day of Comrade Mao Zedong and other academic activities; continuing to carry
out structural reforms, and strengthening the building of the propaganda con-
tingent. The meeting has called on all participants to enhance further their
understanding of the important position and role of the propaganda, ideo-
logical, and political work in the new period, to adhere to the ideological
line of seeking truth from facts, to be bold in holding responsibility and
to bring their initiative and creativity into full play, so that propaganda
work will play a still greater role in the four modernizations.
C80: 4005/47
93
NORTHWEST REGION
NINGXIA RIBAO URGES STUDY OF DENG'S ‘WORKS'
HK310423 Yinchuan NINGXIA RIBAO in Chinese 21 Aug 83 p 1
[Editorial: "Master Ideological Weapons to Strive for New Victories--Studying
‘Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping’ in the Light of Actual Conditions")
[Text] Since the publication of the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (1975-
1982)," the broad masses of party members, cadres, and people of various
nationalities in our region have conscientiously studied this brilliant
treatise of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, and a study upsurge is developing in all
the towns and villages.
The "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" is a brilliant Marxist document of
our party in the new historical period, the theoretical basis of the line,
policies, and principles drawn up by the party, and the fundamentals of
national construction for building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
The conscientious study of the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" will enable
us to grasp more properly how the CPC Central Committee and Comrade Deng
Xiaoping have upheld and developed Mao Zedong Thought and how the line,
policies, and principles since the 3d Plenary Session of the llth CPC Central
Committee have emerged and formed, and we will thus be able to understand
more profoundly the process of the great historical change brought about
in our country, to comprehend more deeply the party's line of the 3d Plenary
Session of the llth CPC Central Committee, and to heighten our consciousness
of ideologically and politically maintaining unity of view with the CPC
Central Committee. The conscientious study of the "Selected Works of Deng
Xiaoping" can enable us to grasp more properly how the CPC Central Committee
and Comrade Deng Xiaoping have propounded and solved this important question
of theory and practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics,
and we will thus be able to implement more consciously the spirit of the
12th CPC National Congress, emancipate our minds, heighten our fighting
spirit, and push forward the smooth progress of the four modernizations as
well as various reforms. We must fully understand the important significance
of studying the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping,” and conscientiously make
a success of the activity for studying the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping."
In the activity for studying the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping,” not only
must we cultivate the habit of conscientious reading, we must also give play
to the study style of integrating theory with practice. First, we must sit
94
down and carefully read through the original work chapter by chapter, and
firmly grasp its spiritual essence. We must also read the key chapters over
and over again. Only if we have a real grasp of the original work can we
achieve mastery through a comprehensive study of the subject, and study it
for the purpose of application. Secondly, om the basis of conscientiously
reading and in the light of our own ideological and work practice, we must
make a review of our experience in recent years to ask, against the historical
background of that time, what have we thought? and what have we done? and
to ask, from the results of the examination of practice, whether the work
based on the view of Comrade Deng Xiaoping is correct, or the work based
om our ideas is correct? Only by summing up e¢ ‘periences and lessons in the
light of actual conditions in this way, and by overcoming various erroneous
understandings, can we further heighten the consciousness of implementing
the Marxist Line determined by the 3d Plenary Session of the 11th CPC
Central Committee and the 12th CPC National Congress, and guarantee the
victorious advance of work on various fronts along the orientation indicated
by the 12th CPC National Congress.
At present, an extremely important political task placed before party organi-
zations at various levels throughout the region is properly to study and
to propagate the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping." Leading comrades at
various levels must have a good grasp of the ideological trend, properly
carry out ideological and political work, and progressively develop the
activity for studying the "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" in depth, so
that it will become a powerful spiritual force of the broad masses of party
members, cadres, and people of various nationalities in our region for
building a beautiful and richly endowed new Ningxia. .
CSO: 6005/47
95
NORTHWEST REGION
BRIEFS
QINGHAI NATIONAL EPICS MEETING--The national academic discussion meeting
on epics of minority nationalities opened yesterday in Xining City, Qinghai
Province. The meeting is being sponsored by the Institute of Literature
of Minority Nationalities of the Academy of Social Sciences. Experts,
scholars, and relevant personnel, totaling some 100 people, from various
places, are attending. The meeting received 73 theses. (Huang Dengxue),
vice minister of the State Nationalities Affairs Commission; and
Huanjiecailang, deputy secretary of the provincial CPC committee, delivered
speeches at the opening ceremony, extending congratulations to the meeting.
Governor Huang Jingbo and responsible comrades of the provincial propaganda
and culture departments attended the opening ceremony. (Huang Pingfan),
director of the Institute of Literature of Minority Nationalities of the
Academy of Social Sciences, delivered a speech, entitled: The study of
epics must serve the building of socialist spiritual civilization. Yester-
day afternoon, the provincial culture department held a tea party in honor
of the comrades attending the meeting. Governor Huang Jingbo spoke at the
tea party. [Summary] [HK2Z21506 Xining Qinghai Provincial Service in
Mandarin 1100 GMT 16 Aug 83 HK]
KINJLANG PLA PRODUCTS FAIR--The products fair of the Xinjiang production
and construction corps opened on 10 August and successfully concluded yester-
day. The amount of retail commodities in the fair was 560,000 yuan and the
gross amount of large and medium-sized transactions was 26.65 million yuan.
Of the large transactions, the amount of orders placed by Xizang region
was 23.18 million yuan. Hetlongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan,
Fujian, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Nei Monggol were the main customers
at this fair. [Summary] [Urumqi Xinjiang Regional Service in Mandarin 1300
GMT 22 Aug 83 HK]
SHAANXI WOMEN'S DELEGATION--The 43 members of our province's women's delega-
tion to the Fifth National Congress of the All-China Women's Federation left
Xian for Beijing yesterday afternoon. Dong Jichang, Liu Lizhen, Sun Daren,
and Hu Jington, leaders of the provincial CPC committee, the provincial
people's congress, the provincial people's government and the provincial
CPPCC, and responsible persons of the departments concerned saw them off
at the railway station. Of the members of our province's women's delegation,
12 are newly elected national 8 March Red Banner Pacesetters and representa-
tives of five-good households. [Text] [HK310213 Xian Shaanxi Provincial
Service in Mandarin 0500 GMT 31 Aug 83]
CSO: 4005/47
96
TAIWAN
TALPEL URGES FREE CHOICE ON HONG KONG'S FUTURE
(W261255 Talpei International Service in English 0100 CMI 28 Sep 43
[Station commentary ]
[Text}) Margaret Thatcher says that Britain has never taken a colonial attitude
toward Hong Kong. That is not quite true. Even today, the Chinese have no
real legislative body. If it did, maybe a stronger position could be taken
against the intentions of the Chinese Commmists to march in, and maybe long
before the leases are up in 1997,
The British Prime Minister speaks of Singapore and its great success as an
independent country; but that was not possible in Hong Kong, she says, because
of the Chinese connection. Maybe the real fault was in the British rush to
recognize Red China.
Legally, Hong Kong should revert to the Republic of China [ROC]. It was the
ROC which defeated the Ching dynasty in the national revolution of 1911. The
Hong Kong Treaty signed by Ching came to the ROC legitimately whereas the Chinese
communists are still involved in insurrection against their government and the
constitution. It is easy to say that is all very well, but the communists of
the mainland are squarely on the borders of Hong Kong and could march in over-
night. Waters more than 100 miles wide separate Taiwan from Hong Kong. Still,
if the British recognize the Republic of China, a different complexion would
be placed on the Hong Kong situation.
For the communists, getting at Hong Kong would be like trying to take Taiwan.
Possibly, it could be done. But, the rest of the world, and especially the
United States, would object.
Colontalism has been a factor in Hong Kong. Those who hold power in the
Hong Kong Government are British. The governor general is named by the Queen,
Right now, Hong Kong is on the brink of collapse. The dollar is falling into
a deep ditch against the U.S. dollar. More and more capitalists are prepared
to get out. The communists have given them vocalized assurances that mean
nothing at all.
How different things would be if Hong Kong were reverting to the Republic of
China. It would be assured of becoming another Taiwan or Singapore. Property
right would be protected. Investment would be welcome.
97
is there anything that can be done to save Hong Kong? A stronger position
by the British would help. Uf the Chinese had a chance to express themselves,
that miyiit arouse the interests of the world. The Chinese population in
Hony Kony exceeds 5 million. Has Britain or anyone else asked the opinion
of these people? Have Hong Kong residents been given a chance as have the
people of Talwan to say that they do not wish to live under the communists?
The communists say they may not wait for 1997 when the treaties run out. They
assert that Hong Kong belongs to them and that the papers signed by the Ching
have no Validity. This is a threat that is driving financial interests to
leave Hong Kong. If the communists are permitted to take over 5 million
prospering people, that will be a terrible tragedy. Not only will th good
life be taken away from them, but they will be forced into communism against
their will. they will have nothing to say about it.
lhe british are negotiating with the communists. But, what are they negotiat-
iny? The people of Hong Kong think they are ready to surrender at any time.
Why couldn’t the free world give Hong Kong residents at least a choice of
jolming free China or Red China? Some people may say that this would be
meaningless because the communists would only send in their troops. Maybe
that would be true, but at least the world would know that an injustice was
being committed, that unwilling people were being forced into slavery.
The Republic of China would like to go to the rescue of Hong Kong, but it
cannot. Its task is to defend an island with nearly 19 million people. Its
first obligation is to Taiwan. But, free China can be deepened to do everything
it possible can for its Hong Kong compatriots. Some of the people of Hong Kong
will make their way to Taiwan and as many as can be accommodated will be
welcomed.
CSO: 4000/31
98
TAIWAN
COMMENTARY ON SOVIET INDIFFERENCE TO KAL AFFAIR
(W240808 Taipei CNA in English 0251 GMT 24 Sep 83
[Text] Taipei, Sept 24 (CNA)--Following is a commentary, "Ineptness or
Truculence?", aired Saturday by the Voice of Free China of the Broadcasting
Corporation of China.
An expert on Soviet affairs in the U.S. said that the Soviet refusal to admit
error in the downing of the Korean airliner showed the "great ineptness"
of Communist Party leader Yuriy Andropov.
Maybe or maybe not.
From the civilized world's point of view, the Soviets have every reason to
apologize to the whole world for the attack on an unarmed civilian airliner,
and to compensate the families of the 269 persons killed aboard the plane.
[t would show that the Soviets are not totally devoid of human feelings.
However, we are talking about the communists, who do not belong to the
civilized world, and thus do not, as a rule, admit to mistakes, or apoivgize
for their misdeeds.
Mao Tse-tung liquidated tens of millions of Chinese in the name of revolu-
tion. His disciple Pol Pot in Cambodia killed one third of his countrymen
under the same excuse. Mao even boasted that he buried more intellectuals
than the notorious first emperor did.
As to the Soviet Union, its international behavior has been an unbroken
record of outrageous acts. Not content with tyranny at home, the Soviets
have contributed to the communization of the Chinese mainland and Eastern
Europe, not counting its subjugation of other nations. All this was done
in the name of revolution.
To be sure, the Soviet Union suffered a propaganda setback as a result of
the KAL jumbo incident. So what? Moscow seldom cares about world opinion.
Otherwise, it wouldn't have shot at jetliners in the first place.
As President Ronald Reagan pointed out,the KAL incident and subsequent Soviet
attitide show the true nature of communism and underline the necessity for
the free world to close ranks and embark on a military buildup. The commu-
nists cannot be persuaded by reason but understand the eloquence of the
mailed fist.
CSO: 4000/38
99
TAIWAN
REAGAN, ZHAO VISITS VIEWED AS THREAT TO TAIWAN
OWO21419 Taipei International Service in English 0100 GMT 2 Oct 83
[Station commentary }
[Text] Ronald Reagan is going to Red China next April, and the Chinese
Communist leader, Chao Tzu-yang [Zhao Ziyang), is going to the United States
in January. People of Taiwan of the Republic of China cannot help but wonder-
ing what these exchange visits are all about or why they should be made.
Mr Keagan has been a friend of Free China for a long time. He is a supporter
of the Taiwan Relations Act which has the effect of guaranteeing the people
of the island against the commmication by force and violence.
The American president has repeated pleasures of continuing armament shipment
to the Republic of China, but he has evidently also been impressed by those
who think the billion people of mainland China should ve useful in the face
of the Soviet Union's aggressive threat. Some Americans have hoped to play
Red China off against the Russians. So far they have no evidence of success.
To the contrary, the Chinese and the Russian commmists have shown signs of
burying the hatchet.
If President Reagan were going to learn something, that might be different.
But he will only have the wool pulled over his eyes. He will see what the
(Chinese communists want him to see and hear what they want him to hear, not
a bit more. He will have utterly no chance to get out in the countryside
where 800 million people live in dire poverty. He will be whisked from
one great hall to another. He will not meet the people, but the apologists
for communism.
Chao, on the other hand, will see both the best and the worst of the United
States. America hides nothing from its visitors. But Chao would not be there
for sightseeing. His assignment is to undermine the Taiwan Relations Act that
holds the first place in the Chinese communist agenda for the development of
relations with the United States. If the Taiwan Relations Act were moved
out the way, the Chinese commumists would be at Liberty to settle with the
Republic of China on their own terms. Those terms have been made clear time
and time again. The Republic of China would be liquidated. At a provincial
100
government, Taiwan would be subject to the command of Peking to be regarded as
the central government. Promises about autonomy and independent defense forces
ould be nothing. Proof of that can be found in what happened to Tibet and
wieal lo happening to Hong Kong.
It would be completely impossible for the communists to permit Taiwan to
continue to survive as an anticommunist bastion of free enterprise and pros-
perity. The biggest question is whether Mr Reagan has anything in mind. His
communique with the communists last year was confusing. In one breath, he
seemed to be saying that he would reduce armaments for Taiwan to the vanishing
point, but at the same time, he said he would continue to see that the people
of Taiwan have the weapons for their own defense. Red Chinese have hinted that
they were tricked. Maybe they were. President Reagan's intention seer to
have Deen to shut up their demands for an end of arms shipments to Taiwan
ind at the same time take care of the island's defense.
in these further relationships, his trip and Chao's are going to be on the
spot. Obscure Language may not be enough to still the demands of the Chinese
communists. They have already given indictions of that. It would seem fairer
if President Reagan visited both the Republic of China and Red China. That is
not impossible as far as Free China is concerned. The Republic of China wel-
comes people to see Taiwan after they have been to the mainland. There is no
fear of comparison to the contrary. But in President Reagan's case, this is
impossible. Lf Mr Reagan were to come to the Republic of China, there would
be no invitation to the mainland. The communists are afraid and this is not
merely a matter of politics. Free China has one of the most prosperous economy
in Asia. Its people lead a free life. They have elections at regular
intervals. One of these will be held this year. Tie Chinese Communists offer
only a slave system and poverty. We can only ask that President Reagan Jisten
to what others have to say about the Republic of China. He should also give
ear those who have been to the mainland and sve all that will be denied him.
These visits constitute a threat to Free China. They must be answered with
the truth, so President Reagan will not be deceived
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101
TAIWAN
TAIPEL RADIO QUESTLONS U.S.-'RED CHINA’ TIES
(iW O1431 Taipei CNA tn English 1333 CMT W Sep 83
[Text] Taipei, W Sep (CNA)--Following is a commentary, "Definition of a
‘Friendly Country,'” aired by the Broadcasting Corporation of China Friday.
U.S. Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger has just offered to sell Red China
more mii itary items it requested in its 1981 shopping list. At the same time,
the Commerce Departmerc announced that a guideline will soon be ready for the
transter of advanced technology to the Peking regime.
These offers were made under the assumption that Red China is a "friendly
country” to the United States.
We cannot help wondering whether the United ‘tates has ever had a “hostile
country” if Red China qualified as a friendly country. The classification is
puzzling indeed.
To begin with, the two countries are diametrically opposed ideologically and
poles apart ‘n social and economic systems. They fought a bloody war in Korea
and clashed indirectly in Indochina.
Even today, Peking still regards the United States as an enemy in tiie same rank
as the Soviet Union, which it described as enemy number one barely a couple of
years ago.
It is by no means Red China's rhetoric in regarding the United States as a hostile
State. Peking has shown its hostility toward the United States on practically
all the major international issues except Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and
the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia.
Red China sides with the Pyongyang regime in demanding the withdrawal of
U.S. troops from South Korea, denounced the U.S. support for Israel and South
Africa, lashed out at the United States for its role in Central America, faulted
the United States for not backing Argentina during the Falklands conflict, not
to mention the fact that it has been reviling the United States for its unofficial
ties with the Republic of China.
102
lo be sure, difterences do exist even between the friendliest countries. but
such differences are minor when compared with the issues on which they see
eye .o eye. The differences between the United States and Ked China are not
such that can be called minor, while the area in which they can agree is very
limited at best.
de are referring to the so-called “parallel strategic interests" between Peking
and Washington advocates of the "Red China card” talked about so often.
Although Peking does feel the hot breath of the polar bear on its necks all it
seeks from its new relationship with the United States is to play off one
superpower against the other. The Chinese Communists never intended to be a
military partner of the United States in an anti-Soviet grand alliance.
This has becom abundantly clear since Pektng resumed its dialogue with the
Soviets last year. Now Red China has declared openly that it will pursue an
equidistance policy between the two superpowers.
As Weinberger talked about "strategic links” in Peking earlier this week, his
communist hosts were noticeably cool. Both Peking’s Defense Min! ster
Chang Ai-ping and Premier Chao Tzu-yang told Weinberger to his face that
"inde pendence” would be the main feature in Red China's foreign policy.
in plain words, Peking will play both the U.S. card and the Soviet card to
further its own ends. Considering that Red China and the Soviet Union are
ideological allies, chances are that Peking's “neutrality” is tilted toward
Moscow. This being so, ome would like to ask how Red China can be graded as
a “friendly country” to the United States.
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103
TAIWAN
EDITORIAL WARNS OF U.S. ARMS SALES TO BEIJING
OWO40838 Taipei CHINA POST in English 29 Sep 83 p 4
[Editortal: "United States Arms Sales to Peking”]
[Text] The current visit of U.S. Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger in Peking
has opened the way for the Chinese Communists to have access to U.S. weapons
and high technology systems which may have detrimental effects upon the peace
and security of the Asian and Pacific region.
Although the details of the discussions remain undisclosed, judging from the
satisfaction expressed by the Peking regime's officials, the discussions were
highly satisfactory to Peking.
U.S. officials said Monday that the United States has approved fo sale to
Red China 43 items, some with military applications, that fall within new
guidelines permitting Peking to buy high technology systems. These 43 items,
according to U.S. officials, are on a list Peking submitted to the United States
in June 1981. Among them, 32 items involved “munitions” which must be approved
by the U.S. Commerce and State Departments. As some of these items have
military applications such as radars which have applications to air defense and
early warning systems, their sales should be carefully scrutinized by the
U.S. Government and U.S. Congress.
As the offer to sell Peking those items with military applications has already
been made by the United States through Secretary Weinberger to his counterpart
Chang Ai-ping, it must be presumed that he has already obtained the clearance
of the State and the Commerce Departments. But the U.S. Congress has yet to
review such offers of sales of sensitive items to the Chinese Communist regime.
It should look into any deal that may be reached between Weinberger and Chang
in Peking on U.S. arms sales to Peking.
The U.S. Congress still has its unshirkable responsibility even though its role
of vetoing administration proposals in arms sales has been greatly restricted
by the recent Supreme Court decision. However, it should not lightly acquiesce
in any deal which may effect U.S. national interest.
104
Moreover, the U.S. offer may directly or indirectly affect the peace and
security of the Kepublic of China and other Astan nations. The Gilnese
Communist intention to invade Talwan has never been disavowed. Instead,
Chinese Communist leaders have never missed any opportunity to reaffirm their
intention of seizing and conquering Taiwan by any means, including military
force.
The people of the Republic of China have the right to know from the Reagan
administration whether the Weinberger-Chang talks touch on the security of
the Kepublic of China and affect its vital interests. If so, we would like
to be consulted beforehand instead of being informed of the results after the
talks are concluded.
As the Taiwan Relations Act guides the conduct of U.S. policy toward the
Kepublic of China, it is imperative that no deal between the United States
and Peking should violate the letter and spirit of that act. The U.S. Congress
lias the inherent right to defend this act approved by it to protect Taiwan and
saleguard the welfare of the people of the Republic of China. No administra-
tion official should do anything to weaken it or circumscribe it as it has
become the law of the United States.
The people of the Republic of China should carefully watch the talks now going
on at Peking between Weinberger and Chang. They should demand to be fully
informed on the progress of the talks, which affect their vital interests
and security.
We hope that the Reagan administration will be extremely careful in of fering
military sales to the Peking regime. It should not play with fire by offering
Peking items of military weapons which it can use for aggression against the
Republic of China and other Asian nations. Peking has proved to be a paper
tiger in its restraining effects on the Soviets. It would be a mistake to
provide teeth to this paper tiger which cam be used to hurt its weak neighbors.
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TAIWAN
WANG SHENG'S APPOINTMENT, PARAGUAY TIES VIEWED
(W241151 Taipei CHUNG YANG JIH PAO in Chinese 21 Sep 83 p 1
[Article by CHUNG YANG JIH PAO reporter Chiang Wei-shuo]
[Text] General Wang Sheng, director of the Joint Training Department of
the Ministry of National Defense, has been designated to be ambassador to
the Republic of Paraguay and will leave for Paraguay to assume his new post
in the near future. As Gen Wang has long associations with Paraguay's top
military and government figures, it is generally believed that relations
between China and Paraguay will further advance on the existing solid founda-
tion.
Located in the central part of South America, the Republic of Paraguay has
an area of more than 400,000 square km and a population of more than 3
million. Its relations with our country have always been very close. Since
1961, China and Paraguay have successively signed a special cultural treaty,
a trade and economic cooperation treaty, a friendship treaty, an economic
and technical cooperation agreement, a tourism agreement, and an investment
agreement as bases for bilateral cooperation and development.
In the meantime, to strengthen Sino-Paraguayan military ties, our country
has repeatedly provided grants of military equipment to Paraguay including
meteorological equipment, meters, and uniforms and sold and granted arms
and ammunition to that country. We have also sent meteorological officers
successively to give guidance to meteorological services in Paraguay.
Beginning in 1975, Paraguay has been sending military and government person-
nel to China to receive training in political warfare in the distant friends’
class under the Ministry of National Defense. So far 18 people have received
this training.
China and Paraguay have also actively promoted cooperation in the economic,
trade, and technical cooperation fields. For example, our country recently
added a “commercial attache's office" in our embassy in Paraguay and dis-
patched commerical personnel to work permanently in Paraguay. We have also
sent agricultural-technical teams to Paraguay. Eight persons are still in
Paraguay providing technical assistance in hog raising, dryland vegetable
cultivation, and agronomy.
106
The people of Paraguay are very grateful for the assistance our country has
given Paraguay for more than 20 years. As a result, Sino-Paraguayan rela-
tions have been growing steadily. During his inauguration ceremony last
month, General Alfredo Stroessner, who was elected Paraguayan president in
September 1954 and has been reelected and remains in power today, gave a
special reception to our Minister of National Defense Sung Chang-chih, who
went to Paraguay to attend the inauguration ceremony as the Chinese presi-
dent's special envoy, and expressed deep gratitude for the continuing assis-
tance our country has given to Paraguay in various fields over the past years.
Moreover, it is worth mentioning that as an expression of esteem for our
late President Chiang Kai-shek, the city council of the Paraguayan capital
in 19/6 named a 1;500-meter-long road in the city the "Generallissimo Chiang
Kai-shek Road," which was completed in 1980. The next year, Paraguay made
a wift of a piece of land about 1 hectare in area for the construction of
a "Chiang Kat-shek Square." Preparations for construction are actively in
progress. All this indicates that both official and unofficial relations
are friendly between China and Paraguay.
When General Stroessner, who has been Paraguayan president for nearly 30
years, led a delegationto China for a visit in 1975, he expressed that he
would always support our country. The genuine friendly sentiment is to be
treasured. During Minister of National Defense Sung Chang-chih's visit to
Paraguay, President Stroessner feted him with a most courteous reception
and attended the cocktail party given in Sung's honor by Chinese Ambassador
Wang Meng-hsien, which showed the importance he attaches to friendship with
our country. It {8 expected that the relations of cooperation in various
fields between China and Paraguay will see even more vigorous development
in the future.
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107
TAIWAN
TAIWAN PREMIER DELIVERS ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT
(W231419 Taipei CNA in English 1348 GMT 23 Sep 83
[Text] Taipei, Sept 23 (CNA)--Premier Sun Yun-Hsuan reflected domestic and
international optimiem in his oral administrative report to the first
meeting of the 72nd session of the Legislative Yuan today.
Domestically, he said, the economy is recovering briskly and predicted
growth of 6.5 percent for this year.
Progress was cited in exports, but ,the premier noted that imports were
growing at a slower rate. Several important investments are in prospect.
Advanced industry is developing at a rapid pace with the establishment of
new plants at the Hsinchu science-based industrial park.
On the international front, relations with the United States are constructive
and those with other countries are showing progress. European free countries
have made increasing contributions to financial and trade ties with the
Republic of China.
However, Premier Sun said the Republic of China [ROC] still requires advanced
weaponry which the United States has not yet made available. He called atten-
tion to recent U.S. approval of U.S. $530 million worth of armaments to the
ROC.
Among the gains cited were China Airlines’ [CAL's] flights to Amsterdam.
He predicted the attainment of worldwide routes by CAL, which recently under-
took passenger service to New York as well as Holland. He also took note
of Pan American World Airway's return to Taipei.
Premier Sun had high praise for President Ronald Reagan as the free world's
leader. He made special mention of the nation’s warm relations with Saudi
Arabia and the Republic of Korea.
The premier called attention to plans for elections for national representa-
tives to be held before the end of the year.
"Based on the principles of harmony and solidarity, abiding by the law and
economy, openness, fair play and justice,” he said, "we are determined to
make the election a success."
108
Premier Sun pledged administrative programs to build a prosperous, model
society based on Dr Sun Yat-sen's three principles of the people--nation-
alisom, democracy and the people's welfare.
Education will be given renewed emphasis, he pledged, in making Taiwan the
paragon that will smasn Chinese communism by its good example.
"The key to victory is in our hands," he said.
Premier Sun's address marked the start of work by the new session of the
Republic of China's legislature. Other leaders of the administration will
now be heard from and some subjected to interpellation.
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109
TAIWAN
FOREIGN MINISTER ON TECHNOLOGY SALES TO MAINLAND
OW241405 Hong Kong AFP in English 1224 GMT 24 Sep 83
[Text] Taipei, Sept 24 (AFP)--Taiwan remains opposed to the transfer of
advanced technology to China because such a transfer would strengthen
Beijing's military capability and thus endanger world peace, a spokesman
of the Foreign Ministry said today.
The spokesman made the statement on the eve of a visit to Beijing by U.S.
Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger who is reportedly slated to discuss
high technology sales previously forbidden to China.
The spokesman quoted Foreign Minister Chu Fu-sung telling the legislative
Yuan (Parliament) yesterday that the Nat. ~nalist government had made its
position known to the United States.
‘We hope the free world understands Beijing's trickery and stops trying to
sell advanced technologies to our enemy," Mr Chu was quoted as saying.
Mr Weinberger is scheduled to arrive in Beijing tomorrow for a five-day
visit.
Reports from Washington indicated that although the defense secretary is
not going there to sell weapons, if China wants to buy weapons, equipment
and military-related high technology he is prepared for discussion.
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110
TAIWAN
RESTRICTIONS ON FORMING NEW PARTIES TO REMAIN
BK241144 Hong Kong AFP in English 1032 GMT 24 Sep 83
[Text] Taipei, Sept 24 (AFP)--The government has no intention to relax its
restrictions on the formation of new political parties because there have
been no changes in Taiwan's political conditions, Interior Minister Lin
Yang-Kang said today.
Speaking at the Legislative Yuan (parliament), Mr Lin said if there were
no restrictions on forming new parties, the number of political parties would
increase and there would be no way for the authorities to control political
parties which support the Chinese communist cause.
Mr Lin added that he personally felt that not only political parties, but
non-partisans themselves can represent public opinion.
Taiwan is ruled by the nationalist Kuomintang party but two minority parties,
the Democratic Socialists and the Young China Party are represented in the
parliament together with an increasing number of non-partisans.
The formation of new political parties has been demanded in the parliament
in recent years.
Reacting to a separate question, Mr Lin said the government had never
regarded the Taiwan Benevolence Association in the United States as a
seditious organization.
He said that the government was of the view that the association is controlled
by certain members of the Formosan Independence League and urged public func-
tionaries not to attend the activities of this organization.
Mr Lin pointed out that the league was confirmed as a terrorist organization
by the California judicial authorities in 1981.
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111
TAIWAN
TAIPEI RADIO VIEWS PRC-UK TALKS ON HONG KONG
(W252020 Taipei International Service in English 0100 GMT 24 Sep 83
[Station commentary]
[Text] The third round negotiations between Red China and the British
Government over the future status of Hong Kong began in Peking yesterday
in a poised atmosphere with a sharp drop of the already weakened Hong Kong
dollar. The official Chinese Communist PEOPLE'S DAILY greeted the arrival
of the British delegation by opening a broadside against the colonial author-
ities, charging the latter with attempting to block Peking's plan to take
over Hong Kong in 1997. PEOPLE'S DAILY noted that the British cited the
popular feeling of Hong Kong residents to pressure Peking in the negotiations.
The paper was referring to public opinion polls conducted in the colony about
its future status. These polls indicated unanimously that the 5 million
Hong Kong residents are overwhelmingly in favor of the continuation of the
status quo after 1997. Peking maintains that the British have no rights
to represent the residents of Hong Kong, because 99 percent of them are
Chinese, adding that the British never respected Hong Kong's popular feelings
before.
On this point, the PEOPLE'S DAILY is right. The point is, however, that
the communist regime in Peking has even less right to represent the residents
of Hong Kong. In the first place, the majority of the Hong Kong residents
are refugees from communist terror on the mainland. In the second place,
Hong Kong has never been under communist rule. The representative of the
Hong Kong residents is neither the British, nor the Chinese Communist regime.
The representative must come from among the colony's residents themselves.
Peking may claim that the popular feeling in Hong Kong as cited by London
is faked, but it is not in the least interested in finding out what the
feeling really is by asking the Hong Kong side themselves. This is precisely
what the Hong Kong residents have been fighting for. They have demanded that
their opinion be consulted in the ongoing talks between London and Peking
and have made their demand known by writing to the British Government and
the United Nations. Representatives of Hong Kong residents have also visited
Peking to speak out what they have in mind. However, their representation
fell on deaf ears.
112
Instead of allowing the people of Hong Kong a voice in the negotiations over
their future Red China has been trying to calm down their jitters by meaning-
less assurances that the present capitalist system in Hong Kong will be main-
tained under the red flag. That is impossible. The residents of Hong Kong
know that. Even the Peking authorities are not sure how a capitalist society
can function successfully under a communist system. That is why the Hong
Kong dollar took a nosedive every time Red China stressed its determination
to take over the colony in 1997.
There are only 14 years left. No matter how London and Peking may try to
conceal the progress of their talks from the residents of Hong Kong, their
jitterswill increase as long as they are not represented in the negotiations.
The port city will most certainly die long before the deadline arrives.
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113
TAIWAN
"EXCERPTS’ OF PREMIER SUN'S WORK REPORT
OW290139 Taipei CHINA POST in English 24 Sep 83 p 12
(Text) Premier Sun Yun-hsuan delivered a2 W,000-word oral administrative
report at the first meeting of the 72th session of the legislative yuan
yesterday. The report covered a wide range of subjects, including develop-
ments in the nation’s economic, political, diplomatic, national defense,
social, educational, and cultural spheres. It also discussed the inter-
national situation of the nation.
Following are key excerpts from the premier’s report:
Peking Trickery Fails To Deny ROC [Republic of China] Its Rightful Inter-
national Status
As a result of our hard struggle and unyielding spirit, the Republic of China
has gradually reversed the unfavorable situation in the international
community. China airlines’ flights to New York and the Netherlands,
Pan American's restoration of flights to Taipei, the maintenance of our full
legal membership in the Asian Development Bank, the rejection by many countries
of the Chinese Communists’ umreasonable demands that these countries not be
allowed to set up representative offices and issue visas in Taipei, and the
recent U.S. decision to continue arms sales in the amount of US$5W million
provide evidence that the Chinese Communists’ tricks of trying to frighten
us with empty threats are ineffective. Our international status thus has
become stronger and more encouraging. Moreover, the results of the anti-
communist movement on the mainland give us cause for immeasurable encouragement.
Materialism, Freedom and Law
It is clear that as time progresses, people will expect more politically,
the administration will encounter more problems in development and more
responsibilities will have to be shouldered. We must improve ourselves so
as to move forward in national development.
In both psychological development and social life, we hope that all the people
will join in making a unanimous commitment to strengthening awareness of our
country’s difficult position, to bolstering the spirit of diligence and frugal-
ity, to cultivating law-abiding habits and to eliminating resistance to the
rule of law.
114
Let our expansion be rational and let us show restraint in materialism so
ag to coordinate material and spiritual conditions in our peacetime and
wartime lives.
All people are equal before the law.
Individual freedom should not get in the way of collective freedom; individual
interest should not interfere with the interests of society as a whole.
Memberships in International Organizations Rise to 635
To fulfill our international obligations and raise our international status
and influence, we have done our best to safeguard our membership, rights and
interest in various international organizations. We have encouraged our civil
organizations to participate in international organizations and activities.
Our memberships in international civil organizations has increased from the
271 of four years ago to the present 635. This will greatly benefit the
development of people-to-people diplomacy, the advancement of international
friendship and cooperation, and the elevation of our international status.
National Defense a Top Priority
Our fundamental task in national defense is based on the strategy of "integrat-
ing defense with offense."
We seek army-building and war preparedness at the same time. Concrete measures
must be taken to develop sophisticated weapons, augment combat capability and
establish an independent national defense system.
We have combined the capabilities of military, state-owned and private enter-
prises for the development of a national defense industry. We have introduced
sophisticated science and technology into defense industry through technical
cooperation with other countries. In keeping with scheduled plans, we are
gradually reaching self-set goals for such major weapons and equipment as
combat vehicles, war ships, advanced fighter aircraft and missiles. In addi-
tion to seeking U.S. arms, we also are trying to find additional sources of
supply to speed up the modermization of our armed forces.
Development of Technology Making Rapid Progress
The National Science Council has been working together with other agencies
concerned in studying procedures to advance technology development. Projected
research fields include fuels, materials, manufacturing automation, bio-
technology, information science, electro-optics, hepatitis vaccine and food
technology. The council has been reorganized into five groups dealing with
basic science.
In addition, the projected Synchrotron Radiation Center will contribute to
the upgrading of basic science and the advance of national construction.
115
A new plan to accelerate cultivation and recruitment of technological personnel
is being drafted.
The plan emphasizes the cooperation of domestic and overseas Chinese scholars
and experts, and calls for the cooperation of industry, education, defense,
the government and the public.
U.S. Arms Sales Don’t Include Enough High-Tech Weapons
The sincerity of the U.S. Government in honoring its arms sales commitment to
us was attested by the recent announcement of a US$530 million sale. But the
sophisticated armaments that we require are not included on the list.
We have steadfastly urged the U.S. Government to honor its commitments with
total implementation of the Taiwan Relations Act so as to augment our defensive
capabliity. In so doing, we shall deter Chinese Communist military adventures
and detend the Western Pacific against Communist oppression.
REF "Peunification’ Plan Just Another Conspiracy
To distract the mainland people from dissatisfaction with Chinese Communist
tyrannical rule, Teng Hsiao-ping personally made abusive remarks as part of
“peaceful unification” united front tactics. He “promised” that only if we
ayfee not to use our national flag and the name of the Republic of China can we
have “sufficient self-government.” This conspiracy of attempting to regionalize
the Republic of China on Taiwan is just another trick and wited front ploy.
The problem existing on the two sides of the Taiwan Straits is not one of power
distribution but of which system and life style will best meet the needs of
the Chinese people. Only if the Chinese on the two sides of the Taiwan Straits
live free, democratic, progressive and happy lives can China truly be unified.
We firmly believe that the model of free China is the only real and the best
answer for resolving the China issue.
Thanks to ROK for Respecting Human Rights of Defectors
The ROK Government has respected our basic friendship with them and persisted
in the principle of safeguarding freedom.
Korea has helped freedom-seekers Wu Jung-ken and Sun Tien-chin fulfill their
aspirations. For this, we express our thanks. The case of defectors
Cho Chang-jen and five others is now in the appeals stage. Our compatriots
at home and abroad sincerely hope that the ROK Government will respect their
will and help them return to our bastion of freedom as soon as possible.
Government Anti-Crime Program Bringing Desired Results
Cases of burglary and violent crime have increased in recent years. Further-
more, the methods and nature of violent crimes have worsened. The Ministry of
the Interior has urged police authorities to work hard in carrying out the
116
plan for preventing and curbing violent crime in the Taiwan region” and
the “plan for police agencies to check and appraise delinquency in the Taiwan
region.” At the same time, the "statute governing the control of guns,
ammunition, knives and other dangerous instruments" was promulgated and
carried out with vigor. The government will strengthen control of gangsters,
juvenile delinquents, prison escapees, professional gamblers, prostitution,
privately owned and manufactured guns, explosives, etc.
In the first six months of this year, the Investigation Bureau of the
Ministry of Justice handled 291 cases and prosecuted 49 defendants in economic
crime cases. Cases of forgery, counterfeiting, premeditated bankruptcy and
forgery of textile quotas were handled and the wrongdoers prosecuted.
ar
Nation Enjoying Economic Recovery; Investment Up
Both the domestic and international economies showed solid signs of recovery.
lhe nation's economic growth this year is expected to exceed 6.5 percent,
compared with the earlier estimate of 5.5 percent.
Foreign and domestic investment increased this year. Statistics show new
domestic investment amounted to NI$139.242 million in the first eight months
of the year, showing a 29.1 percent increase over the same period last year.
Approved foreign and overseas Chinese investment totaled US$W3.395 million,
showing a 2.09 percent increase over the same period last year.
In foreign trade, total volume was S$29,004 million in the first eight months
of the year, showing a 4.1 percent increase over the same period last year.
txzports reached US$16,178 million, a 9.0 percent increase, and imports were
(15512,826 million, down by 1.5 percent. It is good to see our renewal of
export yrowth. However, the slow gain in imports results in an everincreasing
favorable trade balance. The government is considering relaxation of import
restrictions for the introduction of the newest machines and technological
equipment, and will continue to send purchasing missions to the United States
to close the trade Bape
Commodity prices remained stable in the first eight months of this year.
Compared with the same period last year, wholesale prices were down 1.4 percent
and the consumer price index was up 2.08 percent.
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117
TAIWAN
CHIANG MEETS COSTA RICAN VICE PRESIDENT
(W291499 Taipei CNA in English 1416 GMT 29 Sep 83
[fext}] Taipei, 29 Sep (CNA)--President Chiang Ching-kuo received Costa Rican
President Armando Arauz Aguilar at the presidential office Thursday.
President Chiang extended his hearty welcome to Arauz for his current visit
to his country.
The Republic of China and Costa Rica have maintained close relations over the
past years and shared a common stand in anti-communist policy, President Chiang
pointed out.
For many years, cooperations in economy, trade and culture between the two
nations have done well. Arauz’s second visit signifies that the traditional
Sino-Costa Kican friendship has become more intimate, the president
stressed.
During the talks, President Chiang also exchanged views with Arauz on matters
of mutual concern and the world situation.
President Chiang asked his guest about his tour to southern Taiwan where he
had visited the industrial and economic establishments. He also asked the
Costa Rican vice president to convey his regards to President Luis Alberto
Monge.
Vice President Arauz, in response, told President Chiang he was glas to have
the opportunity to meet him and it was his honor to be decorated by the
Chinese Government.
He said he was deeply impressed with the achievements in this country he had
seen during his stay here.
Vice President Shieh Tung-min, secretary-general to the President Ma Chi-chuang,
Foreign Minister Chu Fu-sung and Costa Rican Ambassador Rodrigo Sanchez were
also present at the meting.
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118
TAIWAN
OFFLCLAL SAYS CAL-KAL TALKS GAINING MOMENTUM
OW290409 Taipei CNA in English 0234 GMI 29 Sep 83
[Text] Taipei, 29 Sep (CNA)--Negotiations on a bilateral air agreement between
the Republic of Korea and this country are gaining momentum and the conclusion
of an accord is getting closer, Liu Teh-ming, director general of the Civil
Aeronautics Administration, said Wednesday.
Preliminary results from the talks over the past two months indicate that
the Korean side, as expressed by Cho Chung-hun, chairman of Korean Airlines [KAL],
fully understands the unfair treatment imposed on China Airlines [CAL] and that
the situation will be properly corrected shortly. The lapsed agreement gave
KAL eight more flights weekly than it did CAL.
Liu disclosed that the two parties were entering intensive negotiations on a
bilateral agreement which will likely be signed by the two countries following
the example of the Sino-Korean shipping agreement signed a few weeks ago.
At present, the air services between Taipei and Seoul are based on a temporary
arrangement concluded between China Airlines and Korean Airlines which specifies
that conditions and arrangements under the lapsed agreement will continue until
a new agreement is signed. The old ome allows KAL to operate six more passengers
and two more cargo flights weekly than does CAL.
China Airlines had intended to terminate the temporary arrangement on Augustl,
but the Ministry of Communications postponed the decision pending the negotia-
tion of a formal bilateral air agreement between the two countries.
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119
TAIWAN
BRIEFS
ALLIANCE WITH PRC--Premier Sun Yun-hsuan Friday warned the Western countries
not to entertain any illusions that an alliance with the Chinese Communist
regime can be used to counter the Soviet Union. He said that the sale of
high-technology products to Red China with such a goal in mind would be a
serious mistake that would lead to disaster. The premier made the statement
while speaking in the Legislative Yuan. He said, any alliance with Red China
designed to counter the Soviet Union will also irritate the Russians and force
them to take an even tougher and more aggressive attitude. He said, the
Western countries’ alliance with Red China in the past year has not held back
Soviet military expansion. To expose the illusion of alliance with the
Red Chinese, Sun said, the government will invite scholars at home and abroad
to talk on the subject. It will also invite top foreign military figures to
visit the Republic of China so that the world will have a better understanding
of the strategic importance of Taiwan. [Text] [0W030325 Taipei International
Service in English 0100 GMT 1 Oct 83)
NEW TAIWAN-SINGAPORE ASSOCLATION--The Republic of China-Singapore Cultural
and Economic Association was inaugurated at a ceremony in Taipei on
24 September. Former President C. K. Yen addressed the ceremony, pointing
out that both the Republic of China and Singapore are free, democratic
nations, and that both nations share a common spirit in the founding principle
and common ideals for national development. The formation of the ROC~-
Singapore Cultural and Economic Association should serve to enhance cooperation
and understanding between the two nations, he stressed. [Summary] [0W301003
Taipei CHINA POST in English 25 Sep 83 p 8 OW]
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