Full text of "Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration News 1957-12-09: Vol 82 Iss 15"

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— 


MD 


AIR CONDITIONING 
& REFRIGERATION 


Reentered as second class matter October 3, 1936, at the post office at Detroit, Mich., under the Act of March 3, 1879. e 


450 West Fo rt St., “ Detelt 26, —— 
© Established 1926 


Member, Mamber, 
Associoted Avdit 
Business Bureau of 
Cireviations 


Publications 


Swe! 


Trade Mark Registered U. S. Patent Office. Copyright 1957, by Business News Publishing Co. 


Inside Doe 
By GEORGE 
F. TAUBENECK 


meee 


—* 


Learn to live and laugh — 
thus delay your epitaph 


Stories of the Week 

New Idea for World Peace 
Let’s Not Be Nutsnik 
Sober Thought 

Out of Our Mailbag 


Stories of the Week 


“Please repeat that last state- 
ment,” pencil-poised a psychia- 
trist. 

“Nobody seems to like me,” 
reiterated his client. ‘“You’d 
better pay attention to what I 
say, fathead!” 


Refreshing is the modest atti- 
tude of Coach Charlie Eckman 
(Detroit Pistons NBA basketball 
team). “What can I teach these 
guys?” he submits, in discussing 
his expert cagers. “How to 
comb their hair? They’re pros 
and they know their business. I 
function primarily as a psy- 
chologist.” 

He worries, though. Somebody 
told him about tranquilizer pills. 

“How about that?” effused 
Eckman. “All these years I’ve 
depended on Canadian Club.” 


Save your money. It may be 
valuable again sometime. 


“So Jennie has returned to 
her husband!” 

“Yes, she couldn’t stand him 
having such a good time without 
her.” 


New Idea for World Peace 


Editorial Director Phil Rede- 
ker, who doubles as a Saturday 
Night Card Shark and Monday 
Morning Quarterback (he works 
on Sundays) additionally is a 
shrewd arm-chair economist. 

For years and years, while 
thousands of minds wandered, 
Phil has preached the Redeker 
Theory of Money Velocity. In- 
stead of wondering (during his 
vocal essays) where our next 
blonde was coming from, prob- 
ably all of us should have 
listened. 

Now he has a new politico- 
economic theory. This one is 
designed to prevent a war of 
annihilation between Communist 
Russia and the United States. 
Redeker’s big idea is a “beaut,” 
and we recommend it heartily 
to Eisenhower, Kruschev, et al. 

“It’s the acquisitive drive of 
American women which has 
made the United States prosper- 
ous and peace-loving,” declares 
Brother Redeker. “Our wives 
keep us so busy getting the 
wherewithal to buy things they 
want that we have no time or 
inclination to fight for military 
glory.” 

At home, he reasons, the 

(Continued on Page 8, Col. 1) 


Too Many Dealers Are 


Butting In and Butting Heads 


(“Conscience of the Industry” Editorial 
By George F. Taubeneck) 


economist: 


“Everybody wants to, and probably will, butt 


into everybody else’s business.” And, by the Great Horn 
Spoon, it’s happening in our industry. Especially is this true 
in the dealer-distributor and wholesaler-contractor scenes. 

In the present period of relentless production flow, almost 
any retail outlet which can stock and display a manufac- 
turer’s products may look good to the latter—at least 


temporarily. 


Pressures to push into alien fields come from 


every direction nowadays, and are difficult to resist, it seems. 


Hence there is a rash of scrambled retailing nowadays. 
Many hitherto unlikely retail outlets are trying to grab a 
larger share of the consumer’s dollar by “butting into” the 
home equipment picture. And not a few manufacturers are 


a-betting their a-butting. 


Profits, for many varieties of variety stores, you see, 
are tighter than ever. Human sales-productivity hasn’t in- 


(Concluded on Page 14, Column 1) 


CrmMA Members See '58 Equal to 
Cite Looser Money, Building Rise 


CHICAGO—The annual Fall meeting of the Commercial 
Refrigerator Manufacturers Association late last month featured 
a series of panel discussions of problems affecting the industry’s 
progress, together with a realistic appraisal of 1958 sales 


expectations, and at the conclu- 
sion, it was the consensus that 
next year’s volume should com- 
pare very favorably with the 
indicated figure for 1957, which 
is expected to show a decline of 
approximately 8% from 1956. 
The members were reminded 
that this would make 1957 the 
third best year in industry his- 
tory. Examination of this year’s 
profit expectations disclosed a 
reasonably satisfactory record 


compared with earlier years, al- * ; 
though it was pointed out that © 


margins have drifted steadily 
downward in that period and 
there seems little prospect of 
material improvement in the 
foreseeable future. 

Among reasons why 1958 
should conform fairly closely to 
this year’s volume trend, the 

(Concluded on Page 25, Col. 1) 


Crafts-Industrial 


Jurisdictional Row 


Flares at Meeting 


ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.—A 
long smoldering jurisdictional 
feud between craft and indus- 
trial unions that has in the past 
and could in the future raise 
havoc with industrial air condi- 
tioning installations, came to a 
boil at the AFL-CIO building 
trades department convention 
here recently. 

Led by Department President 
Richard Gray, many delegates 
were all for walking out of the 
AFL-CIO if their jurisdictional 
rights to maintenance and repair 
work in industrial plants were 
not maintained. 

They contended that the in- 
dustrial unions of the old CIO 
are trying to take this work 
away from them. Gray charged 
that the industrial unions were 

(Concluded on Page 25, Col. 4) 


New Armstrong Cork 
Unit Will Handle 


Contract Operations 


LANCASTER, Pa.—A wholly 
owned subsidiary to be known 
as ty Contracting & 
Supply Corp. is 
= being formed by 

Armstrong Cork 
Co. to handle all 
contracting oper- 
ations now car- 
ried on by its 
Insulation Div., 
Company Presi- 
dent C. J. Back- 
strand recently 
announced. 

Armstrong will continue its 
Insulation Div. under General 
Sales Manager A. E. Pearce, to 
be responsible, as heretofore, for 
the outright sales of the com- 
pany’s full line of insulating 
materials through established 
distribution channels. 

The Insulation Div. will con- 

(Concluded on Page 4, Col. 1) 


J. W. Liddell 


3-Year Agreement Features 
Journeyman Training Plan 


PROPHESIED Leon Henderson, erstwhile government So. Calif. RACCA- UA P ush National P lan 


LOS ANGELES—A carefully planned and integrated journey- 
man training program jointly created by the refrigeration fitters 
branch of Local 250 of the United Association and the 
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Contractors Association of 


Meeting Stresses 
Full Contractor 


Cooperation 


LOS ANGELES — Union and 
contractors joined at a refriger- 
ation and air conditioning indus- 
try dinner meeting here to 
discuss a new labor agreement 
and its unusual features for 
journeyman training. 

Invitations stated full cooper- 
ation of contractors and union 
membership is needed for suc- 
cess of the agreement. This 
cooperation was evident through- 
out the evening, said to mark 
the largest attendance for a 
joint industry gathering here. 

Speakers made it clear all 
contractors are invited to par- 
ticipate in the joint training 
program, whether they are 
members of Refrigeration & Air 
Conditioning Contractors Asso- 
ciation of Southern California 
or not. 

The union contract has been 
earefully drawn up so non- 
member contractors employing 
union journeymen may have 
their own training program if 
they wish to set it up and oper- 
ate on the standards which will 
be established. 

Not wishing to undertake 
their own program, they may 
join the contractor association 
and participate in its training 
program. 

Union representatives and 
members of their executive 
board took active part in the 
discussions to establish a com- 
plete mutual understanding with 
contractors regarding agreement 
applications. 

Lars Jacobson said “this is 
the most progressive labor con- 
tract that has ever been nego- 
tiated in this country. 

“We have something to sell 
the consumer. You may have 

(Concluded on Page 6, Col. 1) 


BEHIND PAGE 


Refrigerant Breakdown 


Eeonomies of Air Conditioning (2) 
What It Costs To Own, 
Systems In Apartments, Hotels, Motels, Homes.. 


Air Distribution Requirements In 

Year-Round Air Conditioning (4)... 
Pictures from ARI Exposition................... 
Design, Operation of Low 

Voltage Thermostats (4) 

Selection of Heat Anticipator.............................. 
Basie Chemistry (4) 


Refrigeration Problems 
Carbon Tet In Field Service........................0.0. 


Servicing Auto Air Conditioners................ 


a 


Operate Year-Round 
10 


Southern California became the 
principal feature of a new three- 
year master agreement signed 
by the two parties. 

The agreement, signed Nov. 9, 
became effective Dec. 1. It also 
contains several other provisions 
considered unique in union-man- 
agement contracts. 

The training program is part 
of a national plan to provide 
intensive training for refrigera- 
tion journeymen. 

The program became possible 
when the United Association at 
its August, 1956, convention in 
Kansas City, Mo., recognized 
the refrigeration industry for 
bargaining purposes by em- 
powering general officers to 
institute refrigeration divisions 
in local unions. 

Local unions were also given 
the right to set up such refrig- 
eration divisions. 

Since that convention action 

(Concluded on Page 7, Col. 1) 


Hotpoint Has Sales, 
Distribution Dept. 


CHICAGO—A re-organization 
program, placing full responsi- 
bility for sales and distribution 
of Hotpoint’s complete line of 
appliances and television in a 
new company department headed 
by John F. McDaniel, has been 
announced. 

McDaniel formerly was gen- 
eral manager of the range de- 
partment. His new title is gen- 
eral manager, sales and dis- 


tribution department. 
All distribution, sales, mer- 
chandising, and _ advertising 


functions are now integrated in 
the new sales and distribution 
department. This permits im- 
proved inventory control, and a 
unified sales approach to dis- 
(Concluded on Page 4, Col. 5) 


Mueller Climatrol 
Bows ’58 Products 


MILWAUKEE—New air-cool- 
ed condensing unit, A-type coils 
for use with winter air condi- 
tioners, gas-fired high and low- 
boy furnaces, and a gas-fired 
duct heater are products avail- 
able for 1958 from Mueller 
Climatrol, Div. of Worthington 
Corp. 

Type 918 waterless remote 
condensing unit comes in 3-ton 
nominal size only for installa- 
tion with Climatrol coil-cabinet 
or air handling units, Mueller 
explained. The 918-3 is rated at 
35,700 B.t.u.h. capacity under 
95° d.b. outside temperature 
when used in conjunction with 
Climatrol Tow side coil packages. 

Outer casing of the unit has 

(Concluded on Page 13, Col. 1) 


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Be ra. bene ge 3 : - cat ee ee Bes i ‘ Beer a 7 3 : 4 i ‘ _ v agit’ Z ts See = . ¢ ' ms = € 5 


Know 
where you’re 
heading... 
Insist upon 
READING! 


E ADIN 


ae Sr anise 
| 


truly trouble-free 


for Refrigeration & 
Air Conditioning Equipment | 


€ Made by Copper Tube SPECIALISTS 


‘READING TUBE. CORPORATION 


EMPIRE STATE BUILDING NEW YO 
WORKS: READING, PA. 


x 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Refrigerated Truck Standards Testing 
Procedures To Be Discussed Dec. 13 


WASHINGTON, D. C. — The 
Truck-Trailer Manufacturers As- 
sociation, in cooperation with 
the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture 
and the National Bureau of 
Standards, is sponsoring a meet- 
ing of refrigeration systems 
manufacturers to discuss de- 
velopment of a standard test 
procedure and rating method 
for truck and truck-trailer re- 
frigeration systems. 

Representatives of the Air- 
Conditioning & Refrigeration In- 
stitute and the Truck Body & 
Equipment Association will also 
attend the meeting at the Na- 
tional Bureau of Standards in 
Washington, D. C., Dec. 13. 

The TTMA is presently spon- 
soring a study by the USDA- 
NBS to develop an industry 
standard method for measuring 


U NLIMITE ie 
TON NAGE 


heat transfer in trucks and trail- 
ers. The purpose of the forth- 
coming meeting is to determine 
the feasibility of expanding 
TTMA’s present study to include 
reefer units since there is strong 
feeling that both methods are 
urgently needed and that they 
should be fully compatible as to 
test conditions, it was explained. 

The tentative agenda includes: 
Resume of present vehicle rating 
program and progress to date; 
need for standard rating pro- 
cedures for truck and trailer 
refrigeration units; sponsorship 
and cooperation between associ- 
ations; consideration of specific 
proposals including: 

Study ASRE rating proce- 
dures for adaptation to truck 
and trailer unit testing; require- 
ments for different types of 


refrigeration systems; air vol- 


ume and velocity requirements 
on cooling units; draft tentative 
testing method and determine 
suitability by tests of one or 
more systems; and, investigate 
applicability of testing method 
to various types of systems. 


Bankruptcy Petition 
Filed by Deering 
Air Conditioning 


CINCINNATI — Deering Air 
Conditioning Co. has filed a peti- 
tion for bankruptcy in U. S. 
District Court here listing $480,- 
477 in debts, of which only 
$2,700 is secured. 

Aaron J. Frank, secretary- 
treasurer of the firm, reportedly 
valued the company’s assets at 
$430,964. These included $308,- 
381 in stock in trade, $56,388 in 
machinery and tools, and $64,- 
307 in open accounts. 

Two major debts are said to 
be notes for cash loans payable 
to Louis Frank & Sons of 
Adrian, Mich. and Julian H. 
Frank of Detroit. The Louis 
Frank firm, which owns 98% of 
Deering stock is owed $203,427. 
Julian Frank, who is chairman 
of the board of Deering, is owed 
$100,000. 

The remainder of the debts 
are reportedly owed to 152 un- 
secured creditors. 


Detroit RSES Will 
Meet on Dee. 12 
DETROIT — Year-round air 
conditioning controls will be 
chief topic of discussion for 
Greater Detroit chapter, Refrig- 


Kramer Unicon has brought a new era into 
the industry. With more than 20 years of 
unique practical experience and know-how 
in dry condensing, Kramer again offers new 
avenues of opportunity to the air condition- 
ing and refrigeration industry. 


Unicon now has no capacity limit. Standard 
Unicon systems up to 540 tons are now 
cataloged for the first time. 


Unicons for heat pump applications are 
now also available with no horsepower 
limitations. 


Kramer engineering and design has proven 
that the Unicon can move large volumes of 
air with extreme quietness. 


Unicon has long proven by actual exper- 
ience that it is free from fouling or corrosion 
and requires practically no maintenance. 


The total operating weight per ton for 
Unicon is very low, resulting in minimum 
platform and reinforcement requirements. 


Unicon space requirements are surprisingly 
small; a 300 ton system requires only 
15’ x 14’ floor space and is 12’ high. 


WRITE FOR BULLETIN U-391 


eration Service Engineers So- 
ciety when it meets at 8 p.m. 
Thursday, Dec. 12, at 20424 
John R. 

James Lesniak, sales engineer 
for Minneapolis-Honeywell Reg- 
ulator Co., will talk on “Cooling 
Controls and Heating-Cooling 
Combination Controls.” Non- 
members are welcome. 


Get Your Share of 
Winter Profits! 
on Room Air Cond. Covers 


Send for the New 1957 
Directory & Alphabetical Guide 


Top Quality, Low Prices, 
Excellent Markup 


KRAMER TRENTON CO.- Trenton 5, N.J. 


44 YEARS OF CONTINUOUS ACHIEVEMENT IN HEAT TRANSFER 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


JIFFY COVERS CORP. 
614 Third Ave., N.Y. 16, N.Y. 


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WHY MOST OXYGEN TENTS ARE EQUIPPED WITH 
BENDIX-WESTINGHOUSE COMPRESSORS 


Because human lives hang in the balance, only the 
best in compressors will do for oxygen tents. 


That most oxygen tents are equipped with Ben- 
dix-Westinghouse compressors is due to two prime 
facts: First, these compressors are whisper-quiet in 
operation, so that they do not disturb critical 
patients. Second, Bendix-Westinghouse compres- 
sors give solidly dependable performance day after day 
after day, assuring constant air-conditioned com- 


fort for the patient. 


Even though priced competitively, Bendix- 
Westinghouse is not “‘just another compressor’. 
Witness the demonstrated preference of these 
oxygen tent manufacturers to whom quietness and 
dependability are all-important. They feel that 
Bendix-Westinghouse compressors combine quietness and 
dependability to a greater degree than any other compressors 
on the market. 


Most likely you don’t make oxygen tents. But 
we’re sure you want the unusual quietness and 
dependable performance of Bendix-Westinghouse 
compressors. 


There’s one easy way to prove these qualities to 
your own satisfaction. Give us a trial order—and 
let the results speak for themselves. We can make 
you a very attractive proposition on both price 
and delivery. 


A Division of Bendix- Westinghouse Automotive Air Brake Company, Elyria, Ohio—Export Sales: Bendix International, 205 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N.Y. 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


EVANSVILLE, IND. 


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iss : i * Si . y ca i ; 


Armstrong Cork Subsidiary Formed-- 


(Concluded from Page 1, Col. 3) 
duct its present contracting op- 
erations until Jan. 1, 1958, when 
they will be taken over by the 
new subsidiary. 

Approval for the new sub- 
sidiary, which will be headed by 
J. W. Liddell as president, was 
given by the board of directors 
at its regular meeting in Lan- 
easter recently. Liddell is cur- 
rently manager of contract oper- 
ations. 

Backstrand said that the new 
company, to be incorporated in 
the State of Delaware, will have 
its headquarters in Lancaster 
County. The subsidiary will 
draw its personnel from the 
Insulation Div. and general of- 
fice of the parent company. 

“Our contracting business was 
begun some 50 years ago as a 
means of selling corkboard in- 
sulation, but it has developed to 
such an extent that we feel 


the time has come to decentral- 
ize in order to enhance growth 
opportunities and strengthen the 
business’s competitive position,” 
Backstrand said. 

The Armstrong contracting 
organization provides full serv- 
ice on insulating projects for 
architects, engineers, and own- 
ers, from consultation in the 
design and engineering stages, 
and assistance in specifying 
particular types of insulation for 
certain temperature’ ranges, 
through the execution of con- 
tracts for installing the insula- 
tion products, it was pointed 
out. More important fields of 
application include cold storage, 
air conditioning, steam generat- 
ing, and industrial processing. 

Officers of Armstrong Con- 
tracting & Supply Corp., in addi- 
tion to Liddell, will include E. D. 
Ainslie, Jr. of Philadelphia and 
A. J. Stream of Seattle, vice 


presidents, and E. W. Hines, 
secretary-treasurer. 

Among others also named to 
positions with the _ subsidiary 
company were C. Q. Livingston, 
manager of technical sales; F. 
L. Gardner, contract officer; J. 
E. Zeller, general construction 
superintendent; R. H. Lawrence, 
contract assistant; and C. J. 
Snader, sales correspondent. 

District office managers in- 
clude: J. S. Falconer, Atlanta; 
F. D. Rupprecht, Baltimore; J. 
J. Roper, Boston; A. G. Klein, 
Buffalo; M. F. Kottmeier, Chi- 
cago; J. H. Layman, Cincinnati; 
H. B. Wentz, Cleveland; E. J. 
Stern, Dallas; R. A. Sigel, De- 
troit; C. W. Fowler, Kansas 
City; R. B. Ross, Los Angeles; 
H. D. Cobb Minneapolis; A. P. 
Tingle, New York City; E. D. 
Ainslie, Jr., Philadelphia; W. J. 
Appel, Pittsburgh; G. B. Het- 
rick, Jr., St. Louis; J. S. Taylor, 
San Francisco; and A. J. 
Stream, Seattle. 

All but Klein, Fowler, Ross, 


pred 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


and Hetrick are currently man- 
agers of the same district offices 
in the Insulation Div. 

Klein is being transferred 
from the Cleveland office, Ross 
from the Seattle office, and Het- 
rick from the Hartford, Conn. 
branch office. Fowler has served 
as a salesman in the Kansas 
City office. 

Branches of these district 
offices will be located at Birm- 
ingham, Charlotte, Jacksonville, 
Nashville, Richmond, Washing- 
ton, Providence, Syracuse, Mil- 
waukee, Indianapolis, Louisville, 
Columbus, Houston, Tulsa, Den- 
ver, Omaha, Albany, Hartford, 
Harrisburg, Wilmington, Mem- 
phis, New Orleans, Portland, 
Spokane, Toledo, and Elizabeth, 
N. J. 


Connor Names Canavan 


DANBURY, Conn. — P. F. 
Canavan, Jr. has been named 
vice president and general man- 
ager of Connor Engineering 
Corp. here. 


For your 
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For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


Hotpoint -- 


(Concluded from Page 1, Col. 5) 
tributors, dealers, and consum- 
ers, McDaniel explained. 

Hotpoint Appliance Sales Co., 
part of the new department, is 
a major arm of the company’s 
distribution, with 91 distribution 
points, and 23 district offices 
throughout the country. Mc- 
Daniel also has responsibility for 
contacts with Graybar Electric 
Co., and independent distribu- 
tors. 

In announcing the new organ- 
ization, McDaniel said that Hot- 
point would immediately launch 
the most intensive drive in the 
company’s history to build and 
strengthen its dealer organiza- 
tion. : 

The objective is to establish a 
sound, well-balanced dealer 
alignment. To this end, Hotpoint 
will soon announce new policies 
outlining a far reaching plan of 
action embracing quality con- 


> trol, franchise, pricing, product 


Vv 


service, and distribution. 

First move in this direction 
was to assign to Graybar an 
area formerly served by Hasco 
in Shreveport, La. and 17 coun- 
ties in Mississippi formerly part 
of Hasco, Memphis, territory. 

Since McDaniel’s announce- 
ment, reports have been heard 
that Hasco in Chicago and New 
York City have started selective 
franchising programs for next 
year by notifying some present 
dealers that they would not be 
offered a 1958 franchise. 

Hotpoint officials, however, 
indicated that these were local 
actions and not a forerunner of 
national policy. 

In New York City, the selec- 
tive franchising reportedly took 
the form of separating dealers 
who handled both General Elec- 
tric and Hotpoint lines from one 
or the other of these lines. 

McDaniel said that Hotpoint 
will tell its story to dealers in 
a greatly expanded program of 
trade paper advertising. It will 
inform dealers where the com- 
pany is headed and how it plans 
to get there. 

Future announcements will 
give Hotpoint’s plans for sub- 
stantially increased national 
advertising, sales promotion, 
and sales training efforts. 

New functions reporting to 
McDaniel are: L. J. DiAngelo, 
manager-advertising and mer- 
chandising; L. E. Ankersen, 
manager-special markets; C. C. 
Gramer, manager - distribution 
development and planning; W. 
G. McNeal, manager-product 
service; and, Hasco regional 
managers in Atlanta, New York 
City, and Chicago. 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


pt 


a 


ITCH IS O 


Nationwide, installing contractors are discovering pay dirt in 
the Westinghouse Air Conditioning powerhouse sales plan. 


Now, Westinghouse offers a potent three-pronged sales program that brings in sales profit for 
installing contractors. Here’s what it does... 


1. Makes people in your community want central air 2. Finds qualified prospects in your 
conditioning by telling them why they should want it. local market area. 


3. Gives you proven tools to quickly convert these prospects into profitable sales. 


The program 


es. . eeemmraal 


a $F, 


is working now—even before the season. Here’s what’s happening... 


Don Tilley of A. C. Tilley Company, Evansville, Indiana, Herman Myers of Radalec, Inc., Shreveport, La., will tell 
switched to Westinghouse because . . . ‘““We are specialists you... “We get our price with Westinghouse. That 
in this business. We need a complete line of top-quality means we get our profit. People are willing to pay the 
equipment so that we can engineer the job to the house. difference when we sell the Westinghouse name, Westing- 
Westinghouse makes the best . . . and they help us sell it house quality teamed up with our reputation for the best 
with a sales program second to none.” job in town.” py eee 


Jim Reynolds Walt Hunken Bob Haubold 
pa FE TTE nx C H FE K Pittsburgh, Pa. Staunton, Va. Dallas, Texas 
EXpress 1-2800 STaunton 6-0711 Riverside 1-5109 


Some areas still have openings for ag- Milt Bevington Tom Mullen Al McDonald Bill Constance 
' gressive contractors. Call any of these Atlanta, Ga. Chicago, IIl. St. Louis, Mo. Los Angeles, Calif. 
seven men of action for details. TRinity 4-1641 WHitehall 4-3860 GArfield 1-6911 RAymond 38-9071 


IN AIR CONDITIONING, THE SWITCH IS TO 


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For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


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Discuss Labor Agreement -- 


(Concluded from Page 1) 
trouble doing this, but not with 
any one who recognizes that this 
industry requires a super-skill.” 

Charles Walling, recently 
elected national president of 
RACCA, said drawing up the 
new contract took eight days of 
solid work. 

“Sometimes we would take an 
entire day on a single point, in 
order to develop it properly to 
the satisfaction of employers 
and union. 

“TI would ask,” Walling said, 
“if there is any point you do not 
understand about this agree- 
ment you stay with it until you 
do understand it. 

“We are going to have classes 
for journeymen so good that 
even the contractor will want to 
go to learn more about his 
trade. 

“T believe if we find a spot in 
this contract that is harmful, 


we can come back to the busi- 
ness agents and work it out with 
the union. 

“Written into the agreement 
are a number of programs. 

“Definitely there is an asso- 
ciation program. 

“It takes everybody in the 
industry to put this over. I 
leave you with this thought: 
that we help one another in 
working out this very difficult 
program,” Walling concluded. 

Henry B. Ely, RACCA of 
Southern California executive 
secretary, said “this is our op- 
portunity. This agreement is 
legal in every respect. 

“The case brought by Sheet 
Metal Contractors of San Fran- 
cisco against Sheet Metal Work- 
ers Union of Marin county pro- 
testing union collection of joint 
conference board money by a 
local their men did not belong 
to, was won by the contractors 


in the Federal district court. 

“But when appealed the case 
was thrown out by the Federal 
ninth circuit court of appeals. 

“The joint conference program 
of the Lathing and Plastering 
industry may be subject to legal 
attack. We want to be sure our 
program will not be subject to 
attack. 

“Pensions, and health and 
welfare, we know are permitted. 
All other money goes to the 
bank, under trust agreement. 

“This training money will go 
to the bank and will be spent by 
the public representative, a high 
caliber man, beyond reach of 
either side, who handles this 
money. 

“Equipment, teachers, the 
training courses, as well as ulti- 
mate certification of journeymen, 
are up to the committee. 

“The principle is this: the 
journeyman must continually be 
trained to get the top wage in 
the industry. 

“He must maintain it himself. 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


“It is an entirely new princi- 
ple. 

“The employer can train the 
journeyman entirely, but basi- 
cally it is an industry program. 

“We do not believe there is 
any possibility of this fund be- 
ing misused. There can be none 
of the things that have con- 
cerned congressional committees. 

“You will find that any jour- 
neyman can attend any meeting 
of the committee, and we hope 
he will,” Ely said. 

E. H. Ballard, business man- 
ager for the Refrigeration Fit- 
ters branch, U. A. Local Union 
250, said “this past year has 
been worse, so far as the ability 
of the union to furnish journey- 
men to the industry is concerned, 
than any year in the past. 

“We have had orders for as 
many as 40 to 50 journeymen 
that I could not fill, and that is 
part of the reason why this pro- 
gram came about. 

“T believe that if the intent of 
this agreement is carried out, 


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it is going to be the greatest 
thing that has ever happened in 
this country,” Ballard concluded. 

During question and answer 
period Ely clarified these points: 

If a contractor not a member 
of the association has his own 
program, the trustee of his fund 
will pay to teachers, for class- 
rooms and other expenses, and 
to the journeymen. 

When the journeyman is certi- 
fied, the employer will no longer 
pay that journeyman to go to 
school. The journeyman has to 
keep up with developments in 
the industry during the year 
following certification in order 
to renew certification at the end 
of the year. 

It is our guess that 60% of 
the journeymen will become 
candidates for certification. 

Walling interjected the com- 
ment that “you cannot carry on 
training of people one contractor 
at a time. It is a mass program. 

“Some contractors are going 
to have to put some time in on 


® this thing. Every one who signs 


a union agreement is going to 
have to help.” 

The question was asked, what 
percentage of employers signed 
this agreement, and what per- 
centage of the union’s members 
do they employ? 

Ely answered: 50% of em- 
ployers, employing 70% of the 
union’s members. He pointed 
out the public representative 
provided in the agreement is 
there to give every employer a 
fair shake. 

The training program is going 
to cost money, Ely said, and is 
going to be ready by Sept. 1. 
The thing for the contractor to 
do is to join the association. 

Schuck said, “‘we figure $200,- 
000 will be paid into this pro- 
gram during the year before it 
begins operation.” 

Comment about a training 
program of quite a few years 
ago brought this comment from 
Schuck: “As I recall the older 
program, one of the main prob- 
lems was there was not enough 
money there to carry it 
through.” 

Asked how many union mem- 
bers voted for the agreement, 
Business Agent William Hardick 
said, Refrigeration Fitters voted 
by secret ballot 5 to 1 in favor 
of this agreement. Some of these 
men are not going to take this 
course, most of them are. 

“Right now,” MHardick said, 
“we have 10% of our member 
journeymen going to school. 


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216 W. PROSPECT ST. «© WALDWICK, N. J. 


ne 
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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


e °e 
Training Program-- 
(Concluded from Page 1) 

by the U. A., its general officers 
have conferred with officers and 
directors of the national Refrig- 
eration & Air Conditioning Con- 
tractors Association (RACCA) 
and are fostering a national 
plan for refrigeration journey- 
man training. 

Operating much like a local 
union, refrigeration fitters 
branch here has separate offices, 
a business manager, and two 
business agents with jurisdiction 
over Los Angeles county and 
adjoining Orange county. 

Contractor members of 
RACCA of Southern California 
represent the same area. 


JOURNEYMEN GET 
HOURLY INCREASE 


New Los Angeles agreement 
provided an hourly increase for 
journeymen Dec. 1. 

No other changes involving 
costs to the contractors are 
effective until May 1, 1958. 

The article on “training and 
education” opens with this sec- 
tion: 

“The refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry requires 
the services of highly skilled 
journeymen. Technical advances 
in the industry make it essential 
that the journeyman continu- 
ously keep himself abreast of 
the industry through study and 
education. Without fully trained 
and competent journeymen 
neither the employer nor the 
union will be able to maintain 
the working conditions provided 
for in this agreement, nor ade- 
quately serve the public.” 

A joint journeyman and ap- 
prentice training committee com- 
posed of four union representa- 
tives and four representatives 
selected by the contractors’ as- 
sociation, is established, and will 
take over duties of the present 
joint apprenticeship committee. 


PUBLIC REPRESENTATIVE 
TO BE SELECTED 


A public representative shall 
be selected by the committee. 
He shall determine costs, out- 
lays, and overhead, administer 
funds for the association pro- 
gram, and for any individual 
employer’s programs. 

The committee has responsi- 
bility for training courses, teach- 
ers, equipment, and ultimate 
certification of journeymen. 

Before Sept. 1, 1958, and semi- 
yearly thereafter, a union mem- 
ber with two years or more as 
journeyman may declare himself 
a candidate for certification and 
the necessary year of training. 

He will receive $4 for each 
three hours of class instruction 
during the year, but not after 
he is certified. 

Certification is good for a 
year. The certified journeyman 
is expected to keep himself up 
with developments in the indus- 
try in order to get a renewal, 
but will not be compensated for 
classes he may attend. 

For being a certified journey- 
man his compensation will be 
25 cents an hour above journey- 
man scale. 

When qualified, candidates 
may become certified service 
journeymen, or certified con- 
struction journeymen, or certi- 
fied combination journeyman. 

Here are other provisions, of 
which the first three are con- 
sidered by the negotiators to be 
distinct innovations in union- 
management contracts: 


“Call-back” section, providing 
a certified journeyman, if he 
performs his work in an incom- 
petent, or wilfully neglectful 
manner, and the joint commit- 
tee so rules, will be required to 
correct such work on his own 
time. 

For the first time in history, 
the negotiators believe, a union 
has agreed to guarantee work 
of its members. On the other 
hand, if it is found the com- 
plaint is unjustified, the em- 
ployer must pay an amount 


double the original wages for 
the job to the certified journey- 
man. 

For “pirating” a journeyman 
from another employer at a 
wage rate higher than provided 
in the agreement, an employer 
and the journeyman may be 
fined $500 by the joint grievance 
board. 

“Fair representation” article 
permits a single employer, if he 
thinks anything wrong, under- 
handed, or crooked, has been 
done by a business agent, or by 


a professional representative of 
the employer, to present his case 
before the rank and file of the 
union at a regular meeting, or 
before the rank and file of the 
association at a regular meeting. 

This is believed an innovation 
in union contracts, and can be 
used to prevent crooked dealings 
of the type that have hit the 
headlines over the nation be- 
cause of investigations by the 
Senate labor-management (Mc- 
Clellan) committee. Contractors 
debated this feature thoroughly 


with of the 
union. 
The contract provides: 


Ten cents an hour for health 
and welfare. 

For vacations a percentage of 
gross wages effective May 1, 
1958, and an added percentage 
effective Nov. 1, 1958. 

For education and training 15 
cents an hour on all uncertified 
journeymen and foremen effec- 
tive May 1, 1958. 

For pensions 10 cents an hour 
effective May 1, 1959. 


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Inside Dope 


By GEORGE 
F. TAUBENECK 


(Continued from Page 1, Col. 1) 


American husband buys Peace 
at any Price—and that’s a typi- 
cal American male’s attitude to- 
ward international affairs. 


When women’s desires for 
material things are spurred by 
example—advertising, the neigh- 
bors—prosperity and taming of 
warlike men result. 


Ergo: If American propa- 
ganda campaigns were concen- 
trated on Russian women— 
through trade fair exhibitions of 
the luxuries American gals con- 
sider necessities, by parachuting 
millions of copies of American 
women’s magazines behind the 
Iron Curtain, etc.—Russian men 
might be diverted from urges to 
conquer the world to peaceful 


conquest by their not-so-little 
women. 


Makes sense, eh, fellow hus- 
bands ? 


Let’s Not Be Nutsnik 


We might expect the Russians 
to claim full credit for develop- 
ing Sputnik, but why are our 
officials and the Press so willing 
to concede that they’re ahead of 
us in ALL things scientific? 


This throws “Dope.” Never 
before have we believed the 
Commies about anything. Im- 
plicitly NOW, however, Ameri- 
can citizens seem ready to agree 
that everything they tell us 
about their ICBM’s, hordes of 
beyond-us scientists, etc. is Gos- 
pel Truth. 

What gives? Why are we so 
jittery—and supine—all of a 
sudden? 

Even if we accept all their 
claims, we should realize that it 
was a captured German team of 


rocket experts—who’d worked 
together on rockets ever since 
the Versailles Treaty of 1919 
(which forbade Germany to 
build airplanes or artillery)— 
which really put Sputnik into 
its orbit. 

When the Russians captured 
Peenemunde (the German rocket 
manufacturing center) they 
stripped it of equipment, kid- 
napped 2,000 German rocket 
technicians, and secretly ordered 
them to keep on developing 
rockets. 

This Teuton aggregation was 
30 years ahead of the rest of 
the world already in terms of 
rocketry. 

Furthermore, U. S. satellite 
and atomic secrets were stolen 
from us by Communist spies. 

Howsoever, this Russian prop- 
aganda triumph could become 
a turnaround Big Deal for our 
free-enterprise economy, and 
possibly a guarantee of World 
Peace. 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Here’s why: 

(1) It has stimulated a new 
spate of U. S. armament expend- 
itures (and further inflation, of 
course). That funny-money in- 
flation in itself will speed busi- 
ness volume for everyone in our 
industry. So, for the foreseeable 
future, business should get 
better and better for each and 
every reader of this publication. 


(2) Our National Pride Has 
Been Hurt, While Russia’s Ego 
Has Skyed. Personally and na- 
tionally, prideful egotism invari- 
ably outweighs sensible econom- 
ics. Damning the expense, for 
instance, Communist Russia 
mass-produced athletes and won 
the last Olympic Games. Sig- 
nificant ? 

(3) Inasmuch as National 
Pride embraces sporting victo- 
ries (like the Olympics) we can 
hope that a Race to Space 
will become much more exciting 
to Kruschev and associates than 
annexing minor real estate in 


the fallow Near East, or any- 
where else on this little planet. 

Hence, Peace on this Earth 
for awhile is a better probability 
now than it has been, we figure. 


Let us repeat: It’s pride and 
prestige and propaganda values 
which motivate the Russians. 
Why should they fool around 
with dinky Earth conquests 
when the UNIVERSE beckons 
them ? 


Sober Thought 


Belatedly, the American peo- 
ple and government seem ready 
to go for a frenzied damn-the- 
cost Missile Program. It does 
not seem difficult to predict re- 
sults of this abandonment of 
fiscal sensibility. 

Alexander Hamilton described 
it in “The Federalist” : 

“Safety from external danger 
is the most powerful director of 
national conduct. Even the ar- 
dent love of liberty will after a 


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time, give way to its dictates. 
The violent destruction of life 
and property incident to war, 
the continual effort and alarm 
attendant on a state of continual 
danger, will compel nations the 
most attached to liberty to re- 
sort for repose and security to 
institutions which have a ten- 
dency to destroy their civil and | 
political rights. 

“To be more safe, they at 
length become willing to run the 
risk of being less free.” 


Out of Our Mailbag 


Humphreys, Incorporated 

Concord, New Hampshire 
Editor: 

Last Thursday I returned 
from a three-week trip in the 
British Isles and was there when 
Sputnik #2 was launched. I 
thought you might be interested 
in its propaganda value there: 

1. Indignation was aroused 
that a dog would be so mis-used 
by the Russians. 

2. Great concern for the Dog’s 
safety. 

3. So what!—the Americans 
will launch one soon and it will 
be much better. 

4. Basis for the following joke 
(my real reason for writing this 
letter). 

A new American cocktail has 
been developed. It is made of 
Vodka—and the juice of Sour 
Grapes. 

Perhaps this information has 
already reached you. Anyway, 
I thought it might be something 
for “Inside Dope.” 

H. E. HUMPHREYS, 
President-Treasurer 
(Concluded on next page) 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Inside Dope 


By GEORGE 
F. TAUBENECK 


(Concluded from preceding page) 
Out of Our Mailbag 


Allentown, Pa. 
Editor: 


Once again looking over your 
book, ‘‘You’ll Love This One,’ I 
was wondering if you heard 
about the horse which got the 
Asian Flu? 


Seems the flu germs were 
raising ned in the horse’s veins, 
and they (the germs) were 
laughing and saying, “he has 
not felt anything yet, so here 
we go into the arteries.” 

One little germ, hearing this, 
said: “Here’s where I put my 
foot down. I am not changing 
streams in the middle of a 
horse.” 


EpGAR W. WEAVER 


3. Under “factory installa- 
tion,” you state, “factory in- 
stalled air conditioning is only 
a couple of years old.” For a 
fact, we do know that Chrysler 
installed several thousand units 
in their cars in 1953 and the 
number of installations almost 
doubled in 1954. Incidentally, 
that unit weighed about 170 lbs. 
Whereas, todays unit weighs 
only a little over a 100 lbs. 

4. Refrigerating capacity is 
the problem involved in cooling 
a car when the owner expects it 
to cool down very quickly from 
the time he enters the car. Al- 
though we are using a compres- 
sor displacement equivalent to 
the compressor capacity  re- 
quired to cool a six-room ranch 
house, yet the capacity of the 
unit at 25 m.p.h. is not adequate 
to cool a six-room ranch house. 

Our objective is to increase 
capacity at low driving speeds. 
In discussing solar radiation on 
the large glass panels, you men- 
tioned that some interior tem- 


peratures have been in the sun 
with the window closed and have 
recorded as high as 190°. 


Our experience, even in south- 
ern Arizona and the desert 
around Yuma, have shown 150° 
temperatures. Of course, these 
temperatures were in the shaded 
areas of the car where the sun 
had no opportunity to actually 
direct its ray to the thermostat. 
It is our recommendation to 
open the window for the first 
block of driving so that the ex- 
tremely hot air that is in the 
car may move out. 

My comments or the lack of 
them, should not be construed 
that Chrysler or myself have 
officially approved or endorsed 
the column in its entirety. 

J. D. LOVELEY, 
Asst. Chief Engineer, 
Car Air Conditioning 


Campbell-Ewald, Inc. 
Detroit, Michigan 
Editor: 
This article should raise the 


sights of those of your readers 
who are involved in the manu- 
facturing, selling, and servicing 
of automotive air conditioning 
units. Great job! 
COLIN CAMPBELL, 
Vice President 


General Motors Corp. 
Detroit, Michigan 
Editor: 

Your references regarding the 
reluctance of dealer mechanics 
to service automotive air condi- 
tioning units were of particular 
interest to us. We realize there 
are many dealer service depart- 
ments that have not set them- 
selves up to service automotive 
air conditioning and the impor- 
tant reason for this is because 
of the low sales volume of air 
conditioning units particularly in 
the Northern section of the 
country. On the other hand we 
know of many dealers shops 
who are doing an adequate and 
satisfactory job of air condition- 
ing installation and servicing. 


General Motors divisions con- 
ducted a very comprehensive air 
conditioning training program 
for dealers mechanics as well as 
factory field personnel at the 
time these units were introduced 
on the market. 


We have also encouraged 
dealers to equip themselves with 
the air conditioning tools that 
are necessary for the proper 
servicing of this unit. We felt 
that your article might well 
point up the fact that manufac- 
turers have done their best to 
offer dealers the necessary 
training for the servicing of this 
unit. Service manuals have been 
prepared covering air condition- 
ing service. 

The tremendous growth of 
this business which you refer to 
in the article has been enough 
to make our executives recog- 
nize that air conditioning is 
here to stay and that future 
volume on this unit will show 
steady increases. 


EDMUND RUFFIN 


Detroit Controls, Inc. @ 
Detroit, Michigan 
Editor: 

Essentially your piece on 
automotive air conditioning is 
absolutely true. I would like to 
point out under the heading 
““Service—the Big Problem” that 
while expansion valves do con- 
stitute a certain percentage of 
the service troubles, they seem 
to be fairly small in our particu- 
lar case in proportion to the 
amount of business. 

However, it is still true that 
many servicemen remove a 
valve and then determine what 
is wrong with the car. 

F. Y. CARTER, 

Manager, Refrigeration Sales 


Chrysler Corp. 
Detroit, Michigan 
Editor: 

I present these comments on 
your timely article about auto- 
motive air conditioning. 

1. The Chrysler factory in- 
stalled system for their cars is 
not “considerably” more expen- 
sive, considering that the heater 
is built into the same unit. For 
after-market sales the additional 
unit has a definite price advan- 
tage. 

2. We are still working for 
the units that are being trans- 
ferred from car to car. What 
are the industry figures of actual 
improvement of units from old 
cars to new? 


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Orr 9 


The Economics of Air Conditioning 


What It Costs To Own and Operate Year-Round Systems 


In Apartment Buildings, Hotels, Motels, and Homes 


By John E. Haines, Vice President, 
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co. 


A different way to analyze 
air conditioning and its effect 
on the economics of business 
operation is the one we have 
used in studying the operation 
of apartment buildings. All of 
our figures thus far have shown 
the cost of a complete year- 
round air conditioning system. 
Many people think that they are 
doing the buyer a favor when 
they help him cut the first cost 
by compromising with quality 
and cutting out basic features. 

This is illustrated in an analy- 
sis of the apartment house mar- 
ket where the buyer can either 


and the payroll, is $2.32 annu- 
ally per sq. ft. The additional 
cost of owning and operating a 
complete and flexible air condi- 
tioning system, which is operat- 
ing 24 hours per day seven days 
per week, would be 79 cents 
annually per sq. ft. 


If a less than complete system 
is installed at a saving of 20% 
in the first cost, the annual own- 
ing and operating cost would be 
70 cents per sq. ft. The annual 
income per square foot aver- 
ages $2.78, including a 20% 
profit, without air conditioning. 

If a complete system of air 


conditioning is installed, the an- 
nual rent per square foot would 
have to be increased 95 cents in 
order to provide a 20% profit 
on the investment. 

If a less than complete air 
conditioning system is installed, 
the annual rent per square foot 
would have to be increased 84 
cents in order to provide a 20% 
profit on the investment. 

Men and women who work in 
air conditioned office spaces and 
shop in air conditioned stores 
are becoming dissatisfied with 
non-air conditioned apartments. 
They are willing to pay more for 
the comfort and _ cleanliness 
which a complete year-round air 
conditioning system will provide. 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


(hotels, apartment buildings, 


The “Economics of Air Conditioning” means simply how 
much additional it is going to cost the owner of some kind of 
a building to own an operate an air conditioning system. 

This material was presented by Mr. Haines, who is a 
past president of the ASHAE, before the Conference on 
Designing the Indoor Climate, held at the University of 
California at Los Angeles earlier this Fall. First part of the 
article, covering the economics of air conditioning commer- 
cial and industrial buildings, was published Nov. 18. 

This second part covers the subject as it pertains to 
buildings that are temporary or permanent homes for people 


single residences). 


Existing Apartment Building 


In a typical existing apart- 
ment building, the cost to own 
and operate the building, includ- 
ing heating, equipment, supplies, 
and the payroll is $1.69 annually 
per sq. ft. Additional cost of 
owning and operating a com- 
plete air conditioning system op- 
erating 24 hours per day, seven 
days per week, would be 90 
cents annually per sq. ft. 


If a less than complete system 
is installed at a first cost saving 
of 20%, the annual owning and 
operating cost would be 79 
cents. The annual income per 
square foot averages $2.03, in- 
cluding a 20% profit, without 
air conditioning. 

When you analyze this from 
an owning and operating stand- 
point, it turns out that the 

(Continued on next page) 


cost of $5.58 per sq. ft. or he 
can cut the heart out of the 
system and end up with a cost 
of $4.48 per sq. ft. 


New Apartment Building 


In a typical new apartment 
building, the cost to own and 
operate the building, including 
the heating, equipment, supplies, 


NEW APARTMENT BUILDINGS 
Typical Owning and Operating 
Costs Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
20% PROFIT 
COMPLETE 
YEAR-ROUND § 


AIR 
CONDITIONING § 


20% PROFIT 


EQUIPMENT AND 
SUPPLIES iw 


RENT 


(Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
Without Air Conditioning) 


$.95 added rent is required to 
pay for complete year-round air 
conditioning. 


$2.78 


20% PROFIT HMMM) $14 
INCOMPLETE fa 
AiR ae $70 
CONDITIONING fa 
20% PROFIT $46 
EQUIPMENT ANO J 
SUPPLIES iy $2 


BUILDING 


RENT 


(Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
Without Air Conditioning) 


$.84 added rent is required to 
pay for incomplete year-round air 
conditioning. 


Conversion Formula 


Costs Per Apartment Per Month = 
Costs Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 


$2.78 


buy a good system for an initial, 


soe gnagenasrnaer Rape arte tet er 


To satisfy your demand for fabricated parts: 


Bundy Tubing 


x Area In Sq. Ft. like these. Double-walled from a single steel 


Bundy’s new Winchester Division produces a 


12 
10 


wide variety of tubing shapes from strong, leak- 
proof Bundyweld for typical refrigeration parts 


strip, Bundyweld Tubing has become the safety 
standard of the refrigeration industry. 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Air Conditioning Economics -- 


(Continued from preceding page) 
apartment owner needs to ask 
95 cents per sq. ft. extra rent 
for the cheaper system and only 
$1.08 for the best system. This 
means that the tenant of a typi- 
cal 400-sq. ft. apartment must 
pay $52 per year, or $4.33 a 
month, extra to have the system 
that gives him the benefits of 
complete year-round air condi- 
tioning. 

It becomes apparent that in- 
creases in efficiency over those 
required can result in substan- 
tial returns on the investment in 
complete air conditioning. Since 
it takes so little to make the 
investment in a quality system 
pay, why cut quality? 


New Hotels, Motels 


In a typical new hotel or 
motor hotel, the cost to own and 
operate the guest room area, in- 


cluding heating, is $3.47 annu- 
ally per sq. ft. Equipment and 
supplies amount to $1.90 and 
the payroll $3.42. The additional 
cost of owning and operating a 
complete and flexible air condi- 
tioning system, which is operat- 
ing 24 hours per day, seven days 
per week, would be 85 cents 
annually per sq. ft. 


Operating Costs 


If a less than complete system 
is installed at a saving of 20% 
in the first cost, the annual own- 
ing and operating cost would be 
75 cents per sq. ft. 

The annual income per square 
foot from the guest room area 
averages $10.55 including a 20% 
profit, without any air condi- 
tioning. 

If a complete air conditioning 
system is installed, the annual 
rent per square foot would have 


to be increased $1.02 in order 
to provide a 20% profit of the 
investment. If a less than com- 
plete air conditioning system is 
installed, the annual rent per 
square foot would have to be 
increased 90 cents in order to 
provide a 20% profit on the 
investment. 


‘More Guests Insist 
On Air Conditioning’ 


Each year, a greater percent- 
age of hotel and motor hotel 
guests insist on air conditioned 
rooms and are willing to pay for 
it. 

It is obvious that an extra 
charge should not be made ex- 
cept during the summer months 
if cooling only is provided for 
the guest rooms. Year-round air 
conditioning provides for an in- 
crease in income during the 
entire year plus reduced clean- 
ing and_ redecorating costs. 
Therefore, it pays for itself more 
quickly. 


Existing Hotels, Motels 


In a typical existing hotel, the 
cost to own and operate the 
guest room area is $2.77. Equip- 
ment and supplies amount to 
$1.90 and the payroll $3.42 per 
sq. ft. The additional cost of 
owning and operating a com- 
plete air conditioning system 
which is operating 24 hours per 
day, seven days per week, would 
be 95 cents annually per sq. ft. 


If a less than complete system 
is installed at a saving of 20% 
in the first cost, the annual 
owning and operating cost 
would be 83 cents per sq. ft. 
The annual income per square 
foot from the guest room area 
averages $9.71, including a 20% 
profit, without air conditioning. 

If a complete air conditioning 
system is installed, the annual 
rent per square foot would have 
to be increased $1.14 in order to 
provide a 25% profit on the in- 
vestment. If a less than com- 


Winchester Division, Bundy Tubing Company’s newest plant, has 103,500 square feet of 
floor space devoted exclusively to fabricating parts from famous Bundywelde® Tubing. 


expands again 


New Winchester Division devotes 103,500 sq. ft. of floor space 


to high-speed, precision manufacture of parts from Bundyweld! 


Bundy’s new air-conditioned fabrication plant in Winchester, 
Ky., is open. And its every square inch has been planned, 


tooled and staffed to give you famous Bundye precision and 


high quality in fabricated tubing parts... 


production costs. 


at low, mass- 


Tight quality-control—Rigid inspection holds your 
specifications exactly ... maintains your quality standards. 


On-time deliveries—Modern equipment insures effi- 


cient handling, prompt shipment. Plant is strategically 
located ... easy to reach by truck from major highways. 


Winchester Division now offers you all these: 


Modern equipment—New machines fabricate tubing 
parts quickly, precisely, economically. 


Experienced personnel—Highly trained production op- 
erators ... long-time Bundy men in key supervisory slots. 


BUNDY TUBING COMPANY, DETROIT 14, MICHIGAN 


WORLD'S LARGEST PRODUCER OF SMALL-DIAMETER TUBING © AFFILIATED PLANTS IN AUSTRALIA, ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, AND ITALY 


There’s no real ciate fe 


Winchester Division joins Bundy’s other production and 
fabrication plants to give you low-cost, blueprint-to-assembly 
service on whatever you need in small-diameter tubing or 
fabricated tubing parts. Find out how you profit from Bundy’s 
growth. Call, write, or wire us today. 


BUNDYWELD. TUBING 


Bundy Tubing Distributors and Representatives: Massachusetts: Austin-Hastings Co., Inc., 226 Binney Street, Cambridge 42 @ New Jersey: Atlantic Tube & Metals, Inc., 
P.O. Box 595, Mountain View @ Pennsylvania: Rutan & Co.,1 Bala Ave., Bala-Cynwyd @ Midwest: Lapham-Hickey Steel Corp., 3333 W. 47th Place, Chicago 32, Ill. 


South: Peirson-Deakins Co., 823-824 Chattanooga Bank Bidg., Chattanooga 2, Tenn. @ 


Southwest: Vinson Steel & Aluminum Co., 4606 Singleton Bivd., Dallas, Texas 


Northwest: Eagle Metals Co., 4755 First Avenue South, Seattle 4, Wash. © Far West: Pacific Metals Co.,Ltd., 2187 S. Garfield, Los Angeles 22, Calif.; Pacific Metals 


Co., Ltd., 1900 Third Street, San Francisco 7, Calif, 


Bundyweld nickel and Monel tubing are sold by distributors of nickel and nickel alloys in principal cities. 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


EXISTING APARTMENT 


BUILDINGS 


Typical Owning and Operating 
Costs Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 


COMPLETE jam 
YEAR-ROUND # 
aR 

CONDITIONING & 


20% PROFIT 


EQUIPMENT AND 
SUPPLIES 


BUILDING $1.37 


RENT $2.03 


(Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
Without Air Conditioning) 


$1.08 added rent is required to 
pay for complete year-round air 
conditioning. 


20% PROFIT (MME 
INCOMPLETE fm 
AIR bs 
CONDITIONING Sa 
20% PROFIT 


EQUIPMENT AND 3 
SUPPLIES & 


BUILDING 


RENT $2.03 


(Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
Without Air Conditioning) 


$.95 added rent is required to 
pay for incomplete air conditioning. 
Conversion Formula 


Costs Per Apartment Per Month = 
Cost Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
x Area In Sq. Ft. 


12 


plete air conditioning system is 
installed, the annual rent per 
square foot would have to be 
increased $1 in order to provide 
a 20% profit on the investment. 


Up to this point, our material 
has been concerned with non- 
residential buildings—and we 
have tried to relate the costs of 
owning and operating a com- 
plete year-round air condition- 
ing system to the particular 
costs of doing business in com- 
mercial and industrial buildings. 

I know that many of you are 
primarily interested in homes, 
and probably most of you are 
homeowners. 

We’ve added insurance and 
taxes calculated at 2% of the 
value of the home which equals 
27 cents per sq. ft. per year. 
Then we've computed the cost 
of typical utilities such as heat- 
ing, light, and telephone as 29 
cents per square foot per year. 
A typical cost for maintenance 
and repairs is also 29 cents per 
square foot per year. 

Now, if we calculate the cost 
of owning and operating a com- 
plete year-round air condition- 
ing system—and assume its life 
to be 20 years—we come up 
with a cost of 17 cents per sq. 
ft. per year. This shows it costs 
1014 % extra to own and operate 
a complete system of air condi- 
tioning in a $15,000 home. Or, 
$15.60 per month extra will pay 

(Concluded on next page) 


11 


. s * 7. 
| eee - Air Conditioning © 
a 
Pe | 
es | 
; | Po 
2 } 
: 20% PROFIT (MMMM 18 
5 ee ‘ 
AZ ne Bd 
< f 3 se ; 
‘i } ee mae $ 90 
Pe RS aS 34 
RQ 
< hy 
— : 
© a ———— 
eee 
: J 2 ee ie. ° > . ae I $ 16 
: i = 22 Beet che — ee eas ~ 2 : ee 
‘, Oa = , 4 ai cae? eee i chee . 2a .* ne 
4 é a . svi nS ee a ; ; ae 
a ' a a ‘ ee oe 
a @ : eee e ea 
4 4 ae een Pe A ioe 
a - ee i 
= - , a a BS cae é 7 SS $ 32 
e ee ‘ y a a ' SX 
oS : wr. gee eee aS 
a ? len _ ‘a : 
anne ois ee “ ~~. 4 ce ae mae se Bee 
peti ony es ~~ © pee? 7 : 3 
* -— — a ae fe 
ii ie ‘ ’ —~ ; eG ba eg : * . e on F » (= ee ; 
—— si = * oe * ‘ =_ a Vo © : 4 4 4 
- eS Rt - +s Pe 
. oem st ers r 4 ‘ oak 2a sbi = 
«ai A ames. : : : a . 
 Snchenndenasi , 6 : : i i es iia & Fc 
iS uy f Bsc eee ae Net rates, 
ee an ~ a SEER 
Se MMM 6 ee as ; = 
3 Se 
ee ee 
a | 
ee 
c ee eee 
i f hae 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Air Conditioning 


(Concluded from preceding page) 


for owning and operating a com- 
plete air conditioning system. 


Costs $21.30 a Month 
In $25,000 Home 


A similar analysis of a typi- 
cal $25,000 home having 1,500 
sq. ft. shows that a complete 
year-round air conditioning sys- 
tem costs 814% extra or $21.30 
per month. 

If we look at a typical $45,000 
home having 2,400 sq. ft. a 
complete year-round air condi- 
tioning system costs only 7.6% 
or $34 more per month. It is, 
of course, obvious that these 
typical square footages and 
costs will vary in different areas. 

Buildings are built to keep 
out the elements and to create 
an enviroment for living, for 


Economics - - 


Without the building, an en- 
vironment cannot be created. 
Without the proper environment, 
there is no purpose in construct- 
ing the building. 

Every day, the creation of a 
suitable and adequate environ- 
ment becomes more important 
to the comfort, health, and pro- 
ductivity of people and to indus- 
trial processes. 


Editor’s Note: This concludes 
the two-part article on the 
“Economics of Air Condition- 
ing” by John E. Haines, vice 
president of Minneapolis-Honey- 
well Regulator Co. The first in- 
stalment appeared in the Nov. 
18 issue. Reprints of this article 
will be made available if enough 
requests are received. When 
making inquiry please state 
whether you are interested in 


$1.14 added room rate is re- 


EXISTING HOTELS AND MOTELS 
Typical Owning and Operating Costs Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 


20% PROFIT 20% PROFIT 
COMPLETE @ INCOMPLETE 
YEAR-ROUND AIR 
AIR CONDITIONING 
CONDITIONING : 20% PROFIT 
20% PROFIT & 
SALARIES AND SALARIES AND 
BENEFITS BENEFITS 


EQUIPMENT AND 


EQUIPMENT AND . 
SUPPLIES & 


SUPPLIES 


BUILDING BUILDING 


ROOM RATE = $8.71 


(Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
Without Air Conditioning) 
$1.00 added room rate is re- 


ROOM RATE $8.71 


(Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
Without Air Conditioning) 


TYPICAL $15,000 NEW HOME 
Owning and Operating Costs 
Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
GY 


COMPLETE YEAR-ROUND $0.17 
AIR CONDITIONING 


MAINTENANCE & 
REPAIRS 


UTILITIES 


INSURANCE & 
TAXES 


$1.63 


PRINCIPAL & 
INTEREST 


Only 101'44% (0.17 + 1.63) or 
only $15.60 more per month (own- 


working, and for industrial pro- the first or second section or quired to pay for complete year- quired to pay for incomplete air 


cesses. both. round air conditioning. conditioning. ing and operating) to enjoy bene- 


fiis of complete year-round air 
conditioning. 


~ Conversion Formula 
Costs Per Guest Room Per Day = Costs Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 


x Area In Sq. Ft. 


~— TYPICAL $25,000 NEW HOME 


Owning and Operating Costs 
Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 


NEW HOTELS AND MOTOR HOTELS 


COMPLETE YEAR-ROUND 


Typical Owning and Operating Costs Per Sq. Ft. Per Year AIR CONDITIONING 
20% PROFIT yuysyuauaay $17 20% PROFIT $.15 
Ye COMPLETE amie: ¢ 9s INCOMPLETE $15 MAINTENANCE & 
. YEAR-ROUND AIR REPAIRS 
AIR CONDITIONING 
d-h AiR CONDITIONING ee 20% PROFIT $176 
20% PROFIT SaamamaaRE $1.76 
SPOTAIRE ROOM-by-ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS: #1 d-h Ss E UTILITIES 
LRC’s: basic unit, concealed or deluxe cabinet; 4 models, 200 zi 2: 
thru 600 cfm. #2 d-h VRC’s: concealed or deluxe consoles; 3 SALARIES AND Jim SALARIES AND Hi 
models. 200 thru 600 cfm. #3 d-h HRC’s: 3 suspended types, BENEFITS mm $3.42 BENEFITS Hig 5°42 
19 models, 300 thru 1750 cfm. E INSURANCE & 
AIR HANDLING UNITS: #4 d-h HH Series: ceiling sus- = : ig 
pended. #5 d-h HHV Series: floor mounted. Both: 14 models, ; » LO 
624 thru 28000 cfm. EQUIPMENT AND WN EQUIPHENT AND \ 
VENTILATING UNITS: #6 d-h AM: 1752 thru 32250 cfm. SUPPLIES \\ $1.90 SUPPLIES \N $1.90 
MULTIZONE TYPES: #7 d-h FLEXAZONE: for simultane- SN . WN 
ous, independent, variable heating, cooling, ventilating; 1752. SS 3 See 
thru 32250 cfm. oy PRINCIPAL & 
PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONERS: #8 d-h AECR: with ee. 
built-in evaporative condenser. #9 d-h SCR: with water-cooled BUILDING 3.47 
condenser. Both, 74%4 thru 75 H.P. mentee: oan , 
PACKAGED STORE COOLERS: #10 d-h DYNA-PAC & 
ROYALAIRE: 2 thru 15 tons. 
PACKAGED WATER CHILLERS: #11 d-h CWG: 714 thru ROOM RATE $10.55 ROOM RATE $10.55 
75 H.P. #12 d-h CWG-E: attached evaporative condenser. Both ; ; 
(Per Sq. Ft. Per Year $.90 added room rate is required 


7% thru 75 H.P. 

EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS: #13 d-h PERMA-FAN: 13 
models; 5 thru 110 tons. 

COILS: #14 Extended surface; steam, water, DX #15 Type 
“*H’"’; small applications, DX or chilled water. 

PACKAGED WATER CHILLERS: #16 d-h AC; air cooled. 
#17 d-h WC: water cooled. Both, 2, 3, 5 H.P. 

COOLING TOWERS: #18 d-h WMT: 13 models, 5 thru 100 


to pay for incomplete air condi- 
tioning. 


Without Air Conditioning) Only 82% (0.17 + 2.00 or only 


$1.02 added room rate is re- af $21.30 more per month (owning 
quired to pay for complete year- Conversion Formula and operating) to enjoy benefits of 
round air conditioning. Costs Per Guest Room Per Day = complete year-round air condition- 
Costs Per Sq. Ft. Per Year ing. 
x Area In Sq. Ft. 


tons. 
365 
AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS: #19 d-h ACC: 5 models, 2 TYPICAL $45,000 NEW HOME 
ru tons. ® 
“; Owning and Operating Costs 
ss Ba 
Oo AMERCt at ee Per Sq. Ft. Per Year 
REFRIGERATION: m cu AF r b D D coumarerewrono V//]} ». 
4 AIR CONDITIONING 
CoO : #20 dh FLOCOLD UNIT COOLERS: Hi 
r e OO thru #21 by FLOCOLD ae 
_ under 34°R, water defrost, 7 models, 750 thru 6000 ctm. #22 @ MAINTENANCE & \N 
_&h PLOCOLD: over and under 34° F; water defrost ammonia, Shafts by Modern now power com- REPAIRS 
; eo 2000 pe . cfm secant, SPASAVER;: WALK-IN i pressors for the leading lines of SINCE 
ee ee commercia!_refigeration ond ai 1924... \ 
: : AUTOM: LE: ; EFROST: under sae nt oo" 2.5 \ 
34° F, 6 models, 760 thru 3700 cim. #25 d-h HRC: MEAT conditioning vnits. For Merbesioats N 
CUTTING & PACKAGING KOGM UNITS: 14 models, 500 SHAFTS, in _ quantity, consult _. UTILITIES SR) 
thr 1760.cfm. #26 d-h FLOCOLD HOT PAN: LIQUOR/ Send blueprints for quotation. \ 
MEAT WALK-IN: 8 models, 750 thru 6900 cfm. 
PRODUCT COOLERS: #27 4-h FLOCOLD (FT & CT: 
FTWD & CYWD; FTAF & CYTAF): 9 models; 1314 to 37325 
tim INSURANCE & 
ag gt cee TAXES 
REPLACEMENT HOUSING: #28 d-h SPASAVER: kit to 
Po OE et NT MM $2.24 
Want literature? Request by number: #1 thru #28 
PRINCIPAL & 
NAME INTEREST 
ADDRESS 


i Only 7.6% (0.17 + 2.24 
Modern Machine Works, Inc. sellin aol per aaa sera 


| 3301 MEDFORD STREET Pioneers in Shaft Monvtacture and operating) to enjoy benefits of 


S| drayor-hanson © 


OIvision OF NATIONAL-U.S. RADIATOR CORP 


LOS ANGELES 63, CALIFORNIA 5354 S. KIRKWOOD AVENUE CUDAHY, WISCONSIN complete year-round air condition- 


CABLE: FORTRADE LOS ANGELES ing. 


12 For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


= 
s 


ee ; 
-_ _» pias | 
; SV \ 4 . , 
; ae =&g — . 
: poe \ | 
you want em? we got ’em! Tl: 
ab oe ae soeuenemnnmmmnemennecemennece Yf), ; 
\ f 
; \ ihe | 
~ 3 
| \ : 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Mueller’s 58 Product Offerings-- 


(Concluded from Page 1) 
been designed for outdoor in- 
stallation, has smooth rounded- 
corner free-flow design. Front 
and back access doors provide 
accessibility and all external 
electrical connections are made 
at a junction box. Raised base 
is designed to drain off any 
water getting into the unit. 
Louvered sides provide increased 
air flow, the company said, with 
the bottom seven rows tilted in 
and down for positive air dis- 
tribution over the two condenser 
coils. 


Has All Needed Internal 
Wiring, Controls 


The unit is shipped complete 
with all necessary internal wir- 
ing and controls, including a 
furnace fan relay. Standard 
safety controls include high-low 
pressure cutouts, overload pro- 
tection for fan and compressor 
motors, and a relief device on 
refrigerant receiver. Combina- 
tion drier and liquid line sight 
glass and moisture indicator is 
also available as standard equip- 
ment. 

Types 919 and 921 coil-cabinet 
units are A-type coils designed 
for use with low and high-boy 
winter air conditioners, the firm 
indicated. Having low-pressure 
drop, units are suitable for use 
with a large number of furnaces, 
it was stated. Both are avail- 
able in 2, 3, and 5-ton sizes. 
Several alternative casings are 
provided for each size. Featured 
are a fully hermetic pre-mounted 
expansion valve and an im- 
proved method of condensate 
collection, Mueller said. 


Offers Highboy Winter Units 


Gas-fired sectional high-boy 
winter air conditioners, types 
130-131, range in capacity from 
80,000 to 220,000 B.t.u. input. 
Both are shipped fully assem- 
bled with burners and controls 
in place and pre-wired. Type 
130 features a direct-drive blow- 
er while type 131 utilizes belt- 
driven blower. 

Units incorporate a die-formed 
heating element with continu- 
ously welded airtight joints, it 


ARKIN wears” 


ICIENT DESIGN - Sores 


LARKIN COOLING TOWER 


All Larkin refrigeration and air 
conditioning equipment is designed 
to give peak performance at low 
operating costs, whatever the re- 
quirements. The same organization 
that produced the original, pat- 
ented cross-fin coil maintains a 
constant effort for better, more effi- 
cient design. Just one more reason 
why Larkin leads. 


Manufacturers of the original Cross-Fin Coil 
e Humi-Temp Units ¢ Frost-O-Trol Hot Gas 
Defroster ¢ Air Cooled and Evaporative 
Condensers ¢ Cooling Towers « Air Condi- 
tioning Units and Coils ¢ Direct Expansion 
Water Coolers « Heat Exchangers 


$19 MEMORIAL DR.,S.E. + ATLANTA, 


was explained. All models are 
approved for closet installation 
with zero clearance from sides 
and back and 6-in. clearance 
from top, front, and vent. 
Low-boy gas-fired winter air 
conditioners range in capacity 
from 80,000 to 185,000 B.t.u. in- 
puts. Of sectional heat ex- 
changer design, types 136 and 
137 utilize a common combus- 
tion chamber, it was pointed out. 
Several models are designed 
specifically with the addition of 
summer air conditioning in mind. 


Have Oversize Blower Motors 


Units feature oversize blower 
motors and an open-type casing 
construction which, it is claimed, 
results in higher c.f.m. delivery. 
Addition of both types rounds- 
out the line of sectional gas-fired 
furnaces, Mueller said. 

Compact, types 136 and 137 
require less floor space, permit 


TYPE 919 and 921 coil-cabinet units are 

A-type coils designed for use with lowboy 

and highboy type winter air conditioners. 

They are available from Mueller Climatrol 
in 2, 3, and 5-ton sizes. 


rear entrance to the cabinet and 
thus easier access to filters and 
blower-motor combination, are 
shipped completely assembled 
with burners and controls in 
place and fully pre-wired, ac- 
cording to the company. 

Type 162 gas-fired duct heater 
is available in four sizes ranging 
from 80,000 to 140,000 B.t.u. 
inputs. Light and compact, it 
is engineered for use with a re- 


Wi 


J, 
Y 


~ 


4, 


Yy 


REMOTE air-cooled type 918 condensing 

unit comes in 3-ton nominal size only for 

installation with Mueller Climatrol coil- 
cabinet or air handling units. 


mote air source, can be used 
in combination with Climatrol 
blower filter and cooling units to 
provide year-round air condition- 
ing system, it was stated. 

With type 162, adequate heat- 
ing can be provided without 
oversize unit to achieve suffi- 
cient blower capacity, the com- 
pany said. In areas where long 


duct runs are necessary and 
central heating units cannot pro- 
vide sufficient heat, type 162 
units can be installed in the long 
runs to provide supplementary 
heating desired, it was added. 


Unit’s compactness enables it 
to be suspended in low head- 
room areas. It is shipped pre- 
wired, completely assembled with 
burners and controls in place, 
and joints continuously welded 
and airtight. Unit is of sectional 
heat exchanger design with the 
heating element of die-formed 
steel and ceramic coating, Muel- 
ler stated. 


| Trying to find 
| the right man fora | 
| hard-to-fill vacancy- | 
| the NEWS' Classified | 
| 
; | 
| | 
| | 


Ads are read by your 
man. 


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SILENCE IS THE HUB: OF THE MATTE 


*WEOPr RE MW EI Noisy fans are fine—at ball games. But here at Utility, we frown on 


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UTILITY EAN CORP’. 911 East 59th Street, Los Angeles 1, California 


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noise in any form, particularly where it concerns our Direct Drive Blowers. And we've done something 
about it in the form of a new type blower hub that provides quiet operation under all conditions. 

The material we use in this hub is Neoprene. How do we do it? Well, that’s the ‘‘secret of silence”’ of all 
Utility Direct Drive Blowers. It took time. It took effort. But we think you'll agree that the end 

justified the means. For due to this Neoprene hub and the extra bonus of silence it delivers, extra sales 
are showing up on the books of manufacturers of heating, cooling, refrigerating and ventilating 
equipment. Just another example of Utility's no-nonsense approach to engineering problems that makes 
it the firm to consult when only the best in blowers and blower parts will do in your equipment. 


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and standard duty blowers for heating, air conditioning and ventilating installations. Producers of 
blowers and blower parts for original equipment manufacturers. Write for catalogue data. 


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141 So. Ei Camino Drive 
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Cable: UTILIFAN, Los Angeles 


13 


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NG FEATURES SYNDICATE, 
WORLD RIGHTS RESERVED. f bd 


Too Many Dealers Are 
Butting In and Butting Heads 


(Concluded from Page 1) 


creased nearly enough to compensate for 
their higher operating costs—so all kinds of 
retailers are looking around for new prod- 
ucts to sell. They'll try anything once, 
apparently. 


And always there are field salesmen for 
home equipment (such as air conditioners, 
refrigerators, freezers) who are willing to 
accommodate them. Pressure by some manu- 
facturers’ sales managers may account for 
field salesmen’s eagerness to add temporary 
volume in this manner—no matter what the 
long-range disruption cost. 

Department stores, which average a 36% 
profit margin, are eyed enviously by hole-in- 
the-wall merchants who operate on half that 
figure or even less, When the latter succumb 
to the temptation to compete with the 
former, said invaders “from outer space” 
spur the big stores to mimic the latter’s 
low-end pricing practices. 

Thereupon the earnest-and-honest spe- 
cialty dealer is hit. In foolish retaliation too 
often he cuts his prices, too. This cycle 
makes it harder for everyone or anyone to 
show a profit in the business of selling air 
conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, etc. 


Thus it’s all too true that today’s home 
equipment dealer, whether specialist or 
fringe-type, is striving to exist in an atmos- 
phere of potential disaster. (Our long-range 
bet is on the specialist—but don’t overlook 
the disaster possibilities for many of them.) 


Strongest consumer push toward scram- 
bled retailing (every retailer butting into 
everyone else’s business) comes from the 
suburbanite who wants to do all of his-or- 
her buying in one place. Pressed-for-time 
consumers patronize the nearest shopping 
center, which usually displays everything 
from hot water bottles to heat pumps. 

As a matter of fact, visiting the shopping 
center has become a social event and a 
matter of social custom for many newcomer 
suburbanites. This new “shopping center” 
threat to the livelihood of downtown mer- 
chants (or isolated neighborhood special- 
ists) gives impetus to many of the latter to 
go berserk themselves. In short: too many of 
them will stock ONE of anything they think 
anyone who enters their store might buy. 

A sad example of this mixed retailing: 
A west coast petroleum company sold refrig- 
erators, freezers, and room coolers at 48 of 
its service stations. In the process it lost 
money, and had to sell its gas stations to 
another oil distributor—which avers it won’t 


14 


stay in the appliance business any longer. 
Reason: appliances “are completely foreign 
to the oil and gas business.” 

Gas stations, like department stores and 
other miscellaneous merchants, are set up 
to accommodate fast-moving customers. In 
contrast, appliance shoppers want to park 
for awhile and browse through the stock at 
leisure. They rarely have enough money in 


their pockets to purchase an air conditioner 3 


on the spot, for example. 

Huge, “full-line” appliance distributors 
frequently tend to welcome any type of 
dealer who can expose their “table stuff,” 
like toasters and roasters, irons and fans, 
radios and lamps, etc., etc. Along with this 
“table stuff” they may place a refrigerator 
or room air conditioner. But major appli- 
ances are something else again. 


One big distributor of “white goods” 
comments bitterly that supermarkets and 
department stores which use room air condi- 
tioners as “loss leaders” (to lure five-and- 
dime purchasers) are wrecking the major 
appliance dealers in his territory. 

The home equipment specialist can’t 
make up lost profits on HIS specialties by 
marking up other lines, such as hosiery, 
bedding, floor lamps, TV, and high-style 
dresses. He sinks or swims with his Big 
Ticket products. 

Manufacturers of major appliances pos- 
sibly can be blamed for the “scrambled 
retailing situation—even though their inten- 
tions were good originally. Not only have 
some of them overfranchised (appointed 
too many dealers) but they have overempha- 


sized their story that appliances are “pre- 6 
sold” by manufacturers’ advertising via TV 


and national magazines. 


All you have to do, they sometimes tell 
a marginal retailer, is put one or two of 
their products in your shop. The manufac- 
turer’s advertising will do the rest—bring 
in store traffic, close sales, etc. 

Could be that the retailer who swallows 
that story sees no reason for doing any 
selling himself. Hence, when the going gets 
rough, he cuts prices to get rid of inventory, 
and then—eventually—abandons the home 
equipment field altogether. 

That’s a helluva way to run a railroad 
(i.e., a home equipment business). It runs 
up a manufacturer’s distribution costs, and 
it hurts the better dealers. 

“Too many cooks spoil the broth.” 

Too many INEXPERIENCED dealers, 
likewise. 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


AN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION ¢ SUBSCRIBERS ALL OVER THE WORLD 


AIR CONDITIONING gages cae : 


F. M. COCKRELL, Founder 


Copyright 
1957, 
Business News 
Publishing Co. 


Trade Mark 


‘The Conscience of the Industry’ 


Published Every Monday by BUSINESS NEWS PUBLISHING CO., 450 

W. Fort St., Detroit 26, Mich. Telephone Woodward 2-0924. Subscription 

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Send remittance with order. 


EDITOR & PUBLISHER, 
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EDITORIAL DIRECTOR, 
Phil B. Redeker 


ASSOCIATE EDITOR, 
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ASSISTANT EDITORS: 


PRESIDENT, Edward L. Henderson 
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ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES: 


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STATISTICAL EDIT mann og! Poi 
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VOLUME 82, No. 15, SERIAL No. 1,498, DECEMBER 9, 1957 


READER QUESTIONS CONTRACTOR’S CHARGES 
FOR WIRING, DUCTWORK IN RESIDENTIAL JOBS 


370 Lakeview Pk. 
Rochester 13, N. Y. 
Editor: 

I have read your detailed 
story in the Nov. 4 issue of 
the NEws and from my stand- 
point and knowledge of duct- 
work and wiring of both heating 
and air conditioning units, the 
actual profits are hidden in 
these costs. 

See case #18, ductwork 
charges of $844.79. This is an 
over charge of at least $500.00. 
Case #17 is at least $150.00 
high—the average cost of a 
single story ranch style house 
6-7 rooms for all necessary duct- 
work and labor involved should 
not exceed $300.00. In most 
cases the electrical costs have 
been doubled. No doubt these 
contractors doing his ductwork 
and electrical sub contracts 
were not required to bid on 
same, resulting in about 75% 
of the over charges. I think it 
would be wiser in the future to 


secure facts and figures from 
contractors who do complete 
jobs. That is, selling, installing 
ductwork, electrical and service. 
I could clear $10,000 net profit 
on these jobs. 


ELMER E. TAYLOR 


Editor’s Note: As was hinted 
in the article accompanying the 
detailed ‘case histories,” the 
prime contractor has positive 
knowledge that there are no 
hidden profits involved in the 
electrical and ductwork charges, 
but the NEws is not permitted 
to reveal the reasons why the 
contractor knows this to be a 
fact. 

Regarding Case No. 18, it was 
explained in the accompanying 
article (columns 3 and 4, page 
15) that ductwork charges were 
admittedly excessive because the 
“finicky” customer demanded 
many extras and “looked over 
the shoulder” constantly while 
the men worked. 


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For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Air Distribution Requirements 
In Year-Round Air Conditioning 
4. Fundamentals of Conditioned Air (Cont.) 


By Frank D. Klein 


Up to this point the funda- 
mental laws governing the be- 
havior of air atmospheres have 
been explained briefly. Chemical 
Balance has been investigated 
to that point where recognition 
of the need for a balance should 
be obvious. Weight and Density 
has been generally explained 
and its influence pointed out in 
temperature volume and pres- 
sure volume relationships. En- 
thalpy as illustrated by Total 
Heat was investigated in order 
to point out the influence of 
both sensible and latent heat. 

However, thus far we have 
dealt only with the pure physics 
and chemistry of the science of 
conditioning air. How do these 
fundamental laws affect the be- 
havior of air atmospheres ? 


‘Thermodynamics 
Can Be Complex’ 


The thermodynamics involved 
in conditioning air atmospheres, 
particularly in the cooling cycle, 
are at times complex. However, 
the simplest of them are the 
affects of the laws discussed on 
condensation and vaporization. 

Vapor in the physical sense, 
is any substance in the gaseous 
state, originating from a solid 
or liquid, which through some 
process has changed its physical 
state from the solid or liquid to 
a gas. Vaporization is the pro- 
cess through which the sub- 
stance passes to effect the 
change. Vaporization, though 
the process should never be 
confused with evaporation, for 
it is specifically the vaporization 
that takes place only at the free 
surface of a substance such as 
a liquid, and in so doing only 
occurs below the boiling point 
of the liquid. 

Boiling such as in water that 
evolves steam, induces vaporiza- 
tion but the process originates 
within the liquid (water) evolv- 
ing steam, which passes through 
the surface and into the air as 
a vapor. 


What Vapor Pressure Is 


Throughout the process of 
conditioning air and investigat- 
ing the effect of laws governing 
its behavior under varying con- 
ditions, we will encounter the 
term vapor pressure. Vapor 
pressure is that portion of the 
atmospheric pressure resulting 
from the amount of water vapor 
in the air. For our purposes in 
heating and otherwise condition- 
ing atmospheres, when the term 
vapor pressure is used it means 
absolute pressure, which we pre- 
viously investigated, not that 
pressure read by gauge alone. 

It is important to understand 
evaporation. If we spread rub- 
bing alcohol on our skin sur- 
faces, the alcohol will eventually 
“evaporate.” The evaporation 
involved occurs only at the free 
surface of these liquids and 
though subject to temperature, 
occurs below the boiling point. 

The temperature of the skin 
of course is an influence on the 
rate of evaporation of the alco- 
hol; the ambient temperature 
surrounding the bodies of water 
is of course an influence, yet in 
both cases the “boiling” of the 


liquids is not required to effect 
evaporation. 

The rate of evaporation, or 
the time necessary under a 
given set of conditions to cause 
a known quantity of liquid to 
change from its liquid state, at 
its free surface area, to a vapor, 
is the important physical effect 
with which we are constantly 
concerned in the conditioning of 
air atmospheres. The rate of 
evaporation increases with in- 
creases in temperature. 

Furthermore the more surface 
of the liquid exposed the greater 
the quantity evaporated. Next 
the rate of evaporation is far 
greater into dry air than into 


air possessing considerable quan- 
tities of water vapor. The rate 
of evaporation is directly pro- 
portionate also to the air 
velocity at the surface. 

The rate of evaporation is also 
influenced by the increase or de- 
crease of pressure, atmospheric 
or otherwise, at its surface. Last 
but not least the rate of evapo- 
ration is peculiar to different 
substances and/or liquids. 

Those who understand evapo- 
rative cooling have observed the 
effect of the rate of evaporation 
on temperature, and know that 
temperatures under given condi- 
tions can be lowered by the rate 
of evaporation of the water on 
the cooling pad as influenced by 
air velocity and the percentage 
of water vapor in the air being 
passed over the pad. 


Frank Klein has been associated with the air condition- 
ing and refrigeration industry for over 20 years. An engineer- 
ing graduate of the Universit 
executive positions with a num 
and has served as a consultant to both manufacturing and 
distributing firms, in the heating as well as the cooling field. 


of Michigan, he has held 


r of leading manufacturers, 


Physically, this process in- 
volves the vaporization of a 
calculated amount of liquid, 
with an amount of heat equal 
to the latent heat of vaporiza- 
tion, being extracted from the 
liquid, the area and other ob- 
jects in the area into which the 
air is discharged. 

When the latent heat of the 
area is equal to that of the 
latent heat of vaporization the 
process no longer becomes pos- 
sible, inasmuch as the air in 
the area is weighted with an 
equal amount of water vapor. 
Thus the reason why evapora- 
tive cooling works well in dry 
air climates and poorly in wet 
air or humid climates. 


Condensation is the counter- 


part and opposite factor of 
vaporization. Where vaporiza- 
tion is the process of changing 
from a liquid to a gas or vapor, 
Condensation is the process of 
changing from a gas or vapor to 
a liquid, or a solid substance. 
Condensation takes place only 
in the extraction of heat as the 
pressure remains constant, or in 
compression of the vapor when 
temperature stays constant. 
Practical observation of this 
effect can be observed on a cold 
glass of water set in a humid 
atmosphere, where the cooling 
effect of the water on the glass 
sides, acting as a_ transfer 
medium, extracts moisture from 
the air and collects it as “‘beads.” 
(To Be Continued) 


“4 


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Somewhere in that golden land “buying 
men”’ inhabit—between the first blush 
of interest and the final inward satisfac- 
tion of goods well purchased, there 
dwells a man with a purpose—a sales- 
man—a wholesaler’s salesman. 


This wholesaler’s salesman is a composite 
of many things—a well balanced being 
who daily displays more enthusiasm, 
tempered with logic; deeper humility in 
harmony with personal aggressiveness; 
a greater friendliness throughout a longer 
day than anyone else on earth. 


It doesn’t matter much what he looks 
like or what he sells—a short man sell- 
ing steel, a tall man selling books—one 
thing is for sure—he shares with all his 
brothers a common and demanding creed 
—to appear his best in the eyes of three 
people—his customers, himself, and his 
boss—in that order. 


A wholesaler’s salesman is a hard-work- 
ing sportsman-like ball of energy bent 
upon the destruction of all things, real 
or imaginary, which stand in the path of 
consummating a well-planned sale or 
the creation of a happy and enduring 
customer-salesman relationship. 


About closing the tough ones—he cries 
“Cinch”’ to his boss; ““Luck”’ to his wife; 
but deep inside his true feelings pour 
out—the warm, good sense of pride that 
come to a man by having done a job 


through plain hard work. 


We all know that products are of little 
worth in the hands of their manu- 
facturers. To have the success and mag- 
nitude of business as we know it today, 
the goods of one manufacturer must be 
combined, adapted and modified with 
goods from a second producer, and so on, 


in a never ending pattern. Products 
must move—goods must be sold. That’s 
why wholesaler’s salesmen are perhaps, 
collectively, the most important people 
we have. They sell more goods, create 
more wealth and exert a greater force 
upon the total economic greatness of 
this country than anyone imagines. 


Wholesaler’s salesmen are the wonder 
men of business—They drive more miles; 
eat more hurried meals; get fewer ulcers; 
meet more people; and remember names 
longer than anyone we know. 


Wholesaler’s salesmen are people who, 
when golfing with customers, should lose 
graciously by at least seven strokes; 
should enjoy catching trains on Sunday; 
and never be upset by shipments long 
overdue—A hero with a sales talk—The 
blood and thunder men of American 
business—That’s today’s wholesaler’s 
salesmen. 


When the last sale is made and life has 
resolved itself to comfortable, retired 
living; who among us has had a wider 
life—a life filled to the very brim with 
more of the stuff of richness—personal 
satisfaction, competitive living, constant 
challenge and rich, soul-satisfying 
reward—the wholesaler’s salesman. 


BUY WOLVERINE TUBE- 


IT’S MADE I(N AMERICA 


THE 


PLANTS IN DETROIT, 


CANADA VULCANIZER AND 
EQUIPMENT COMPANY LIMITED 


WOLVERINE TUBE 


CALUMET @ HECLA, INC. 
CALUMET DIVISION 
WOLVERINE TUBE DIVISION bas 
FOREST INDUSTRIES DIVISION 
CALUMET & HECLA 
OF CANADA LIMITED 


Manufacturers of Quality-Controlicd Tubing and Extruded Aluminum Shapes 


Division of Calumet & Hecia, inc. 
17226 SOUTHFIELD RD. « ALLEN PARK, MICH. 


MICHIGAN, AND DECATUR, ALABAMA. SALES OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES. 


EXPORT DEPARTMENT, 13 EAST 40TH STREET, NEW YORK 16, NEW YORK. 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


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KEY NO. G-12218———— 


SELF-CONTAINED 


KEY NO. G-12219 


ILI-8 low temperature 
ice cream and frozen food merchandiser | 


What Was New 


At the ARI Show 


On this page and the following three pages of this issue, 
the NEWS presents pictures of new products offered at the 
10th Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Industry Exposition in 
Chicago. In the Dec. 2 issue the NEWS began its picture cov- 
erage of the Show and continues it in this issue. More pictures 
will appear in future issues. For further information on these 
new products, please use “Information Center” blank below 
and refer to Key Numbers. 


——KEY NO. G-12222 
R. J. LICKTEIG, right, vice president, sales, 
of Queen Products, Inc., subsidiary of 
King Seeley Corp., explains the unique 
features of the Scotsman SF-8 Super 
Flaker to Jerry Jernberg of Minneapolis. 


ADMIRING A NEW 6-ft. dairy case pro- was introduced by Warren. There's a 


duced by C. Schmidt of Cincinnati is 

Ingebord Jorgenson of Chicago. The 

model TD-6 case has no glass and uses 
blower coil refrigeration. 


The Super Flaker can make up to 4,000 


12-ft. model for frozen foods also due 
soon, both units with optional ‘‘Color- 
amics"” bands at no extra cost. “Island 
Master Merchandiser" keeps 864 ice cream 
packages brick hard, it is claimed. 


Ibs. of crushed ice per day. 


KEY NO. G-12220———— 

—— A GIANT model of the new ‘“Drymaster" 
filter-drier was the center of a contest at 
the Mueller Brass Co. booth. The giant 
drier was filled with briquetted desiccant. 
Donna Wallis and Julie Jarrett, both of 


16 


Puts big cooling tower features 
in small package 


Small, compact, economical in cost, 
operation and maintenance—Binks 
Watertemp cooling towers are ideal 
for air conditioning installations in 
the 5 to 60 ton range. Base dimen- 
sions for the largest unit are only 
76” x 12’ and maximum over-all 
effective height is 5’. 


Efficient counter-current water and 
air flow. A dynamic and static bal- 
anced fan mounted at the top of the 
tower draws air up through the deck- 
ing. Water is brought in at the tower 
top under low head and flows down 
over the multi-finned plastic deck- 
ing. No nozzles are required to effect 
initial water break-up. 


Heavily galvanized after assembly. 
Metal framework, panels and all 
attachments are heavily galvanized 
after assembly. Special hot-dipped 
galvanizing deposits a 20% heavier 


7936 


EVERYTHING / 


REPRESENTATIVES IN PRINCIPAL U.S. & CANADIAN CITIES + SEE YOUR CLASSIFIED ER DIRECTORY 


Binks new Watertemp 


thickness than established as stand- 
ard by Federal and A.S.T.M. speci- 
fications. No additional painting or 
coating is required. 


Easy to install and maintain. Only a 
simple mounting foundation is need- 
ed to support the tower package. 
Heavy galvanizing cuts metal main- 
tenance to almost zero. The plastic 
internal decking unit slides out for 
cleaning and makes routine inspec- 
tion and maintenance of the tower 
an easy job. 


Send for complete data. Ask your 
Binks Branch Office, or write direct 
for the new Watertemp Bulletin. For 
larger induced and forced draft cool- 
ing towers, ask for Bulletin 477-A 
(Binks 3-B series) and Bulletin 333 
(Binks 2-K series). Binks engineers 
will be glad to answer your questions 
and help solve your particular cool- 
ing problems. There is no obligation. 


A COMPLETE LINE OF NATURAL DRAFT AND MECHANICAL 
DRAFT COOLING TOWERS AND INDUSTRIAL SPRAY NOZZLES 


Binks Manufacturing Company 


3116-38 Carroll Ave., Chicago 12, Ill. 


Chicago, passed out contest blanks. 


KEY NO. G-12221———— 

“A PRODUCTION LINE facility in minia- 
ture’’ is the way Claude Dungan, left, 
sales engineer, describes the portable 
charging station to Chuck Clapper, Kinney 
Mfg. Co. The Model 4 charging station 
shown here is manufactured by Airserco 
Mfg. Co., and allows charging of clean, 


dry refrigerant into the evacuated system. 


——KEY NO. G-12223———— 
“MOISTURE MAGNETS"—driers charged 
with molecular sieves—are displayed by 
Bill Moran and Mike Parker, Midwest sales 
representatives of Kenmore Machine Prod- 

ucts. 


——KEY NO. G-12224————— 
ELECTRIC DEFROST unit, Recold Corp.'s 
“Deltric,” is designed specifically for 28° 
meat storage rooms and other applications 
with light frosting problems. Deltric com- 
bines features of the ‘Delta’ unit with 

electric defrost simplicity. 


Information Center 


(list name, page 


AIR CONDITIONING & 


450 W. FORT ST. 


For more information on What's New products, current 
literature and catalogs available, equipment advertised in 
AIR CONDITIONING & REFRIGERATION NEWS use Key Num- 
bers where designated or specify products advertised and 
we'll see that you receive this information promptly. 


Products Advertised 


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REFRIGERATION NEWS 


DETROIT 26, MICHIGAN 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


What Was New 


:4 
i 
7 
f 
‘ 


——KEY NO. G-12226———— 


SEEMING happy with their new “‘Dri-Cor 
Filter-Drier’’ are Bess Henry, president of 
Henry Valve Co., and Evan Jones, chief 
engineer. Jones claims the item is first 
of its kind incorporating a combination of 


go NIL mre 


PENNSYLVANIA 
BE ENGINEERING SERVICE 


¢ 


——KEY NO. G-12230——— 


POSING with the new Frick Co. “Eclipse” 
compressor are John H. Carter, branch 
manager, St. Louis, and Mahlon B. Watts, 
sales promotion manager. Shown is Model 


——KEY NO. G-12231———— 


THE EASE of operation of the “Free 'n 

Easy" air conditioner window is demon- 

strated by Mrs. Carol Ritter. The window 

can be raised or lowered completely so 

there is no “blind” spot which cannot be 

washed. Sliding windows are also avail- 
able from Ritter Metal Corp. 


AHP-789, equipped with capacity control 


and 


suitable for use on ammonia or 


——KEY NO. G-12232——_—— 


“MOTOR BRAIN" claimed to eliminate 
need for a larger appliance motor to do 
an undersized job and permits the right- 
sized motor to run safely at maximum 
working limit was debuted by Spencer 
Thermostat Div., Metals & Controls Corp. 
Motor brains shut off motors when wind- 
ing temperature reaches maximum safe 
limit. “‘Klixon” inherent overheat motor 
protector is used in all types of electric 


——KEY NO. G-12233———— 


A GIRL can safely handle a part cleaned 
in X-220, a cleaner developed by Sealed 
Unit Parts Co., Inc. The new cleaner 
permits removal of sludge, insulation, and 
rust from components of a burned out 


ceramic-fired desiccant filter-core, together motors 
with granular desiccant. 


Refrigerant-22. hermetic without acid dipping. 


Now available —for you! 
VALUABLE NEW BOOK 


——KEY NO. G-12227———— 


CHAS. C. HANSEN, left, president of 
Refrigerating Specialties, explains the 
operation of the company’s new 3-way 
water regulator for cooling towers to Ed. 
Conrad, Chicago. The miniature setup 
illustrates the manner in which the new 
regulator d 


INDUSTRIAL QUALITY... FRACTIONAL H.P. 
ELECTRIC MOTORS 


Right at your desk, make a detailed inspection of 
Century's Fractional H.P. single phase and polyphase 
line of motors, designed to latest NEMA standards! 
This fact-filled new book gives you the comprehensive 
story on Century’s new 48-Frame and 56-Frame 
INDUSTRIAL QUALITY Motors...tells how and why 
they're better performers than the older models, why 
they weigh less, take less space, are easier to handle. 


maintains ex 


pressure in cold or warm weather. 


ae. Motor types and mountings are described, stator and 


——KEY NO. G-12228—— 


+ tacoma rotor construction, how to select proper torque and 
eT Le ere renee ee 48 FRAME AND speed... and many other facts to help you choose the 
blower-type fan providing quiet operation, 56 FRAME 


20 to | RoRsEPOWER right motors for top performance... all along the line! 


is being offered in capacities of 3 through 
8 tons by Marlo Coil Co. Walter Moses 
(left), Engineering Sales Co., New Orleans, 
looks it over in company of Robert Buss 
and Walter H. Frenger of Marlo. 


“eee eee eveeee 


Performance Rated’ 


A NEW CONSOLIDATED LINE 

OF INDUSTRIAL QUALITY ELECTRIC 
. MOTORS. NEW AND IMPROVED 
. MATERIALS, DESIGNS AND 
. OPERATING FEATURES 
° 


OPEN ANO ENCLOSED TYPES 
Pacts 3 10 


MECHANICAL VARIATIONS 
PAGE T 

ELECTRICAL TYPES 
Paces 

RATINGS AND DIMENSIONS 
pace? ee 


To CENTURY ELECTRIC COMPANY 
1806 Pine Street, St. Louis 3, Mo. 


Performance Rater 
MOTORS 
Complete Line 
1/20—400 H.P 


eG0 Pie 


GR ot aed Hawk Mein fe Tomei! C08 


Please send New Bulletin 1-IPI to: 


| 
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CAI MOONEE EEE | Componny...cccsecsccscusensrsnssensstntntneeeqnenennneveetnensntnnnrnenenanetnannnananate | 
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| Gaeee ena PR a ee ee alain 
——KEY NO. G-12229-———— © 
FOREIGN VISITOR Alex Hayek of Beirut, Performance - Rated NY : 
Lebanon, listens while Alfred Levin, sales MOTORS CENTURY ELECTRIC COMPA es 
manager of Jordon Commercial Refriger- 
ator Co., explains the features of the new 1/20 to 400 H.P. 
Model 1515 combination  refrigerator- cee alk a | 
freezer. The unit is especially designed ; as 
for fast food service locations. CE-62R 1806 Pine Street © St. Lovis 3, Missouri © Offices and Stock Points in Principal Cities 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 17 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


On this page and other pages of this issue, the NEWS 
presents picture coverage of new products that were shown at 
the 10th Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Industry Exposition 
in Chicago. For more information on these new items, please 
use Key Numbers and refer to the “Information Center” blank 
on page 16. Additional pictures will appear in a later issue. 


What Was New 


At the ARI Show 


——KEY NO. G-1220——— 
A NEW MIXED FLOW blower featuring 
“symetrically suspended motor and flat 
power characteristics" is displayed by 
Kenneth A. Merz, assistant chief engineer 

of Torrington Mfg. Co. 


——KEY NO. G-1221——— 
NEW PEERLESS SPONGE COIL for com- 
mercial refrigeration featuring increased 
exposed surface for heat transfer brings 
beams from Mel Knight, vice president of 


——KEY NO. G-1222———— 


MAJOR NEW item exhibited by Ranco Inc. 

was a reverse cycle valve designed with- 

out any metal-to-metal contact and so 

designed that during transfer period there 

is sufficient by-pass to prevent overload- 
ing the compressor. 


——KEY NO. G-1223———— 
POSING with the new Kramer Trenton 
“Indoor Unicon” is Irving Cohler, Chicago 
representative. Especially designed for 
supermarkets, the new unit features a 
damper box for recirculating warm air in 
the machine room or into the market. The 
Indoor Unicon makes use of snap-on filters 


and may be used with several compressors. . 


——KEY NO. G-1224———. 
DISPLAYING a new suction 


line filter 


which filters ““down to 5 microns with low 


Peerless of America, Inc. and model 
Ingebord Jorgensen. pressure drop" is M. J. Meiklejohn of 


; the Mclintire Co. 


——KEY NO. G-1225——— 


DESIGNED for heat 
Pump conversions of 
air conditioning units 
up to and including 2 
tons and for hot gas 
defrost installations is 
this ‘‘derco”’ manually 
operated reverse cycle 
valve by Watsco, Inc. 
Incorporating rotary 
design and having 
only one moving part, 
is said to have mechanical and 
electrical difficulties eliminated. 


valve 


——KEY NO. G-1226——— 


A NEW semi-circular unit cooler with 

electrostatic filter and built-in heat ex- 

changer was featured in the booth of 
Refrigeration Appliances, Inc. 


——KEY NO. G-1227———— 


NEW, IMPROVED ice eG 
bank control (type ee 
16A35-12) by White- 
Rodgers Co. is de- 
signed to provide 
longer compressor off 
: cycles in milk cooler 
operation. Bank of ice functions as a 
means to store refrigeration and new 
sensing element helps regulate compressor 
to maintain bank of ice at desired thick- 
ness. Sensing element has a stainless steel 
cup containing two stainless steel dia- 
phragms that form inner and outer fill 
chambers. A diaphragm and cup are at 
opposite end which transmit motion to 
the switch. Liquid in the inner chamber 
acts as transmitting medium. 


~) 
‘J 


Ooh: S25 


SS be” : ‘ 

R REFRIGERATION TUBE 
There are no hangover blues when you take to bending 
DRYSEAL. Why it’s so dead-soft that you bend it with your 
hands aay a pie .. . no tools needed. And the special temper 


and ductility of DRYSEAL also make it easy to flare for com- 
pression fittings without splitting. 


Another very important feature of DRYSEAL is the double- 
crimp seal at each end of the tube. This is the final step in manu- 
facturing, that immediately follows a special cleaning and dehy- 
drating operation, which keeps dirt and moisture from entering 
the tube. The seal is made in such a way as not to change the 
diameter of the tube so that it can pass through any opening 
large enough for the tube itself. 


REVERE 


COPPER AND BRASS INCORPORATED 
Founded by Paul Revere in 1801 
230 Park Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. 
Mills: Rome, N. Y.; Baltsmore, Md.; Chicago, Clinton 


and Joliet, Ill.; Detroit, Mich.; Los Angeles and River- 
side, Calif.; New Bedford, Mass.; Brooklyn, N. Y.; 


——KEY NO. G-1228—— 


DESIGNED to operate with Refrigerant-12, 
22, or ammonia, this 16-cylinder compres- 
sor unit by Vilter Mfg. Co. and its 12- 


Also you’ll find the job-size, 50-foot, one-coil pack easy to cylieder counterpet permit “mesioun 


handle, light weight, economical and sturdily made to assure 


capacity in a minimum of floor space." 
protection of the tube. Newport, Ark.; Ft, Calboun 


‘ . Neb. Sales Offices in Spring loaded safety heads are a protec- 
Principal Cities, Distributors Everywhere. tive feature on both models. 


18 For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


——— 


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‘ ea 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


What Was New 


At the ARI Show 


——KEY NO. G-1229———— 
ALEXIS HAYEK of Beirut, Lebanon, listens 
to Maurice Zatko, traveling representative 
of Fogel Refrigerator Co. as he describes 


Fogel’s new Automatic Defrost Angle 


Vision Freezer. 


——KEY NO. G-12214——— 


SHOWING that a_ properly insulated 

motor will not burn out during extended 

periods of damp weather, G. Russel Eddy, 

vice president of Marco Industries checks 

one multi-speed fan motor which was 

running under water for the entire dura- 
tion of the exhibit. 


et cs 
——KEY NO. G-12215——— 


ELECTRIC GRAPH line temperature recorder 
that charts temperature cycles without use 
of ink, this Electric Auto-Lite, Industrial 
Thermometer Div. unit has two small 
mercury batteries enclosed in the case to 
energize a transistor oscillator connected 
to stylus arm. Available for 24-hour or 
seven-day rotation, temperatures are re- 
corded on a 6-in. evenly calibrated chart. 
Remote reading is provided by use of 
capillary tubing in ranges from -40° to 


Many of the pictures on 
this and the preceding page 
were taken for the NEWS 
by Irving Alter of the Harry 
Alter Co., Chicago. Pictures 
of new products introduced at 
the show are offered on pages 
16-19 of this issue. 


——KEY NO. G-12216——— 


NEW low temperature insulation has been 
offered by Mundet Cork Corp. Said to 
have high resistance to vapor transmission 
and moisture absorption, expanded poly- 
styrene pipe covering and block insula- 
tion is custom-molded to specific size and 
thickness for precision fit. It is light, 
claimed to have high compressive strength, 
ease of application, low thermal conduc- 
tivity, and durable service. 


¥ 


——KEY NO. G-12217———— 


A CUTAWAY of the ice making evaporator 
is shown to Robert W. Koppen, Decatur, 
ll. by Harold Kain, vice president, sales, 
of Koch Refrigerators, Inc. The evaporator 
is part of the “revolutionary” new ice 
maker shown by Koch, which has no mov- 
ing parts in the ice-making mechanism. 


——KEY NO. G-12210——— 
NEW AUTOMATIC DEFROST system for 
unit cooler, introduced by Tenney Engi- 
neering, Inc., gets the attention of M. V. 
Sandhofer, Service Supply Co., Victoria, 
Texas, as Sidney Shapiro of Tenney looks 

on. 


——KEY NO. G-12211———— 
DESIGNED to permit greater receiver 
capacity are these two water-cooled units 
shown for the first time by Copeland 
Refrigeration Corp. On display were 


model ZR-500W and model ZR-750W, both 
of which are available with receiver only 
for use with remote condensers. 


——KEY NO. G-12212———— 
ADAPTABLE TO COMPLICATED control 
problems is a new 2-pole thermostat with 
auxiliary switch, introduced by the Wilco- 
lator Co., and being demonstrated by 
P. E. McCaughey (left) of the company to 
Ken Mattley, D. D. Darnell Co., Mission, 

Kan. 


——KEY NO. G-12213——— 
“INHERENT OVERLOAD protection’ is 
one of the advantages claimed for these 
two new units by Bendix-Westinghouse. 
On the left is a 5-hp. air-cooled unit; 
on the right a 2-3-hp. water-cooled unit. 
Both feature fully pressurized lubrication 

and refrigerant-cooled motors. 


me 


Ob OILED 
a0 10ND 


550° F. Model 2200 is made in either 
wall mounting case, portable, or self- 
contained type case. 
a 


NOW... 


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M Quay “AB” Belt Drive AIRCON 
Remote, waterless condensers available in eight sizes, 9, 11, 
15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 ton nominal capacities in individ- 
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structed of copper tubes with McQuay Ripple Fins. Life- 
time ball bearing and slow speed propeller type fan. 


Here is the finest, the most complete, most versatile, 
the most efficient line of remote air cooled con- 
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in a single unit. There are eight McQuay “AB” Belt 
Drive Aircon Air Cooled Condensers from 9 to 50 
ton nominal capacities. McQuay also offers the “AD” 
Direct Drive AiRcON Line of Air Cooled Condensers 
in 2, 3 and 5 ton nominal capacities. All McQuay 
AIRCONS are designed for multiple circuiting so that 
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MAKE THE SEASONS 
COME TO YOU 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


PEAK PERFORMANCE ALL YEAR "ROUND WITH — 


“SEASONTROL” MODULATION. i 


The McQuay “Seasontrol” modulates the condenser 
capacity in accordance with the weather for proper 
operation at all times. There is a McQuay represent- 
ative in every principal city, or write McQuay, Inc., 
1607 Broadway St., N.E., Minneapolis 13, Minn. 


| ‘ \o ua 


AIR CONDITIONING 
HEATING 
REFRIGERATION 


19 


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} v sant 


Design and Operation of 
Low Voltage Thermostats 


4. Selection of Heat Anticipator 


By Douglas S. Sterner, Sales Manager, Air Conditioning & 
Refrigeration Controls Div., General Controls Co. 


CYCLE RATE—AND ITS 
AFFECT ON DIFFERENTIAL, 
DROOP, AND ANTICIPATOR 

SELECTION 


Cycle rates, or the time for 
one “On” period and one “Off” 
period, are determined by a 
combination of several factors: 

1. The system capacity in 
relation to the thermal load. 

2. The system “lag” which 
can be affected by: 

a. The mass of metal which 
may be heated or cooled and 
which will still retain stored-up 
heat or cold after the heating or 
cooling system has been stopped. 


b. The rate of air circulation 
or, to put it another way, the 
rate of air changes. This is a 
function of the system blower 
and is a relation between the 
c.f.m. delivered to the condition- 
ed space and the total c.f. of 
the conditioned space. 

3. The amount of heat or 
cold anticipation. 

Under light load conditions— 
say, for heating—the system 
will quickly satisfy the desired 
condition as set on the thermo- 
stat. 

As the load conditions in- 
crease due to dropping outside 


temperatures, the heating sys- 
tem must operate with longer 
“On” periods in order to satisfy 
the desired room temperature 
conditions. 

The above presents a problem 
to the selection of the best heat 
anticipator, as mentioned earlier. 

An oversized heat anticipator 
tends to give short and rapid 
cycles and close differential con- 
trol. On the other hand, an 
undersized heat  anticipator 
tends to give long and infre- 
quent cycles and rather wide 
differential control. 

The equipment to be con- 
trolled must’ be carefully 
weighed in determining whether 
rapid or slow cycling is desired. 
Generally speaking, rapid cycl- 
ing because of the resulting 
close differential control, is to 
be desired if the controlled 
equipment is something like a 
gas valve which can stand the 
rapid cycling. 

On the other hand, if the 
controlled equipment is a com- 


Ze 


NOW ...You’re Ready to 
AIR-CONDITION EVERY HOME 


with 


FOR RANCH TYPE HOMES—Summer cooling with the Capitolaire out-of-doors 
air-cooled condensing unit, with flat coil and blower section in attic crawl-space. 
For use with any heating system. For description of unit, write for Form 
No. AC-874A. 


A 


Package? 
Water 
Chillers 


pte Goet 
ed 


% =... 
win | 
a : 
} - —— — 7 


FOR SPLIT LEVEL HOMES—A Capitolaire Water Chiller, with VRS Fan Coil Units 
in every room (for both heating & cooling). For description of Water Chiller, 
get Form No. AC-937; VRS Fan Coil Units described in Form No. AC-859. 


) FOR MULTI-STORY OR REMODELLING—Capitolaire Model HER concealed Fan 
Coil Units on each floor, connected to a Capitolaire Water Chiller. Can also be 
used for heating. Water Chiller (Form AC-937). HER Units described in Form 


No. AC-797A. 


4. National. U.S. Radiator 


CORPORATION 


ats 


aus 


HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING DIVISION 
Johnstown, Pennsylvania 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


——--—+ 
\Vitidy 
—WIn — ns FIG. 9—Schematic diagram 
4irpars of cold anticipation in a 
? at ? ? ? cooling thermostat. 
Wa ) ) 


TO COOLING SYSTEM 


TO COOLING SYSTEM 


THERMOSTAT IN “OPEN” THERMOSTAT IN “'CLOSEO”’ 
OR “OFF'’ POSITION oR “ON” POSITION 
HEATER ON HEATER OFF 
HOT WALL SYSTEM 
inside outside inside outside 
Set 70° set 70° 
>) oe 
| heat source heat 
comfort conditions comfort conditions 
COLD WALL SYSTEM 
inside outside inside outside 
set 70° Set 70 , eo set 70 
“( : Ss neal a a 
70° 60° 67° lo 75° To 
ed a 
Zi =: : wa 
heat source heat source 
comfort conditions discomfort conditions 
FIG. 10—Feeling of discomfort increases as outside temperature drops. This is 


frequently called “cold 70" since humans 
thermostat may be controlling at 


are uncomfortable even though the room 
a supposedly comfortable 70° F. 


pressor, a heat pump, oil burner, 
or a stoker, rapid cycling may 
be harmful to the equipment, 
and therefore, a slower cycle 
may be required even at the 
expense of widening the differ- 
ential of the control—which re- 
sults in greater room air tem- 
perature variations. 

In any case, the anticipator 
should be sized so that it will 
not cause excessive “droop” 
when the system is operating at 
design conditions. Therefore, 
this consideration is of major 
importance in anticipator selec- 
tion, along with cycle rate. 


OUTDOOR COMPENSATION 


The problem of “droop” oc- 
curs when a system—say a heat 
system—operates for long “On” 
periods. “Droop” results because 
of the continuous periods of 
heat applied by the heat antici- 
pator and the heat generated by 
the current flow through the 
contacts during the “On”’ period. 

The result is to thermally off- 


set the control point of the 
thermostat to control at a lower 
temperature than the set point. 
Since such long “On” periods 
occur during low outside air 
temperature conditions, it be- 
comes apparent that it would be 
desirable to provide a means of 
adjusting the heat supplied by 
the heat anticipator so that it 
ties in more closely with the 
outside air temperature. 

Thus the amount of heat sup- 
plied to the thermostat bimetal 
would normally be reduced pro- 
portionately as the outside air 
temperature drops so as to hold 
the “droop” to a minimum. This 
brings up an interesting thought, 
however, and that is the rela- 
tion of “droop” to heating sys- 
tems. 


COLDWALL SYSTEMS 


Referring to Fig. 9, conven- 
tional wall heaters, space heat- 
ers, and many forced air fur- 
naces normally supply the heat 

(Continued on next page) 


For Compressor Piping that’s 


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2 


CHICAGO METAL HOSE 
DIVISION 


® 


joints, metallic bel 


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1415 S. THIRD AVENUE, MAYWOOD, ILLINOIS 


Manufacturers of flexible metal hose and conduit, expansion 


lows and assemblies of these components. 


in Canada: Flexonics Corporation of Canada, Ltd., Brampton, Ontario 


: 
P. 


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———— 2 
| y ee : 
a : 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Low Voltage Thermostats - - 


(Continued from preceding page) 
from an inside wall. Thus the 
outside walls are commonly 
“cold” walls; since heat flow is 
from a warmer object (in this 
case, the human body) to a 
colder object the outside wall, it 
frequently becomes possible to 
be uncomfortably cool when the 
outside air temperature is low 
even though the room air tem- 
perature is at the ‘set’ point. 

The feeling of discomfort in- 
creases as the outside tempera- 
ture drops (Fig. 10). This 
condition is frequently called 
“cold 70” since the human body 
is uncomfortable although the 
room thermostat may be con- 
trolling at a supposedly com- 
fortable 70° F. 

On systems of this type, it is 
desirable to compensate for the 
cold outside walls by actually 
increasing the room air temper- 
ature as controlled by the ther- 
mostat and this could be done 
by varying the heat supplied by 
the heat anticipator as well as 
by manually changing the ther- 
mostat set point. In a sense the 
control point of the thermostat 
is raised by changing the normal 
cold weather “droop” which 
actually causes the thermostat 
to control at a lower tempera- 
ture than that for which it is 
set and might be called “nega- 
tive droop” to a “positive droop” 
so that the room thermostat will 
actually control at a tempera- 
ture higher than the set tem- 
perature. 

Methods of achieving the 
above results automatically have 
been developed. This can be 
achieved in several ways. For 
example, a thermally sensitive 
resistor, called a “thermistor,” 
can be mounted on an outside 
wall of the home where it will 
sense outside air temperatures. 
The thermistor is then, in effect, 


LL 


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with name and address to: Air Condi- 
tioning & Refrigeration News, 450 W. 
Fort, Detroit 26, Mich. 


wired to a thermostat heater 
and controls the heat supplied 
to it as a separate circuit—the 
heater being completely inde- 
pendent of the thermostat con- 
trol circuit. 

Thermistors can be selected 
to increase the control point of 
the room thermostat above the 
set point by almost any desired 
amount—but, this amount is 
fixed for the specific thermistor. 

Fig. 11 is a chart showing the 
operation of such a system in 
which the inside temperature 
control point is increased 1° F. 
for each 20° drop in outside air 
temperature. 

A completely different condi- 
tion exists in systems which 
supply the heat directly at or 
along the cold surfaces. Such 
systems as radiators, fin-tube 
base board heaters, convectors, 
and forced air perimeter sys- 


+60 

450 
2 
oo FIG. 11—Chart showing op- 
ta +30 eration of thermistor in 
s which inside temperature 
Re fit control point is increased 
z +410 1° F. for each 20° drop in 

gor” outside air temperature. 


50 40 30 20 


OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE 


70 60 


tems as well as radiant heat 
systems supply the heat in such 
a way as to nullify the effects of 
the “cold wall.” 

In these systems, not only is 
it unnecessary to raise the room 
thermostat control point above 
the “set” point as the outside 
temperature drops, but gener- 
ally it is undesirable. Actually, 
tests and experience have shown 
that it is desirable in such sys- 
tems to lower the inside tem- 
perature as outside temperatures 
drop. In such cases, the normal 
“negative droop” of room ther- 


mostats is desirable. 
(To Be Continued) 


Death Notices 


Franklin R. Galway, 48, an 
engineer for Keist Air Condi- 
tioning Co., died in the Pitts- 
burgh suburb of Glenshaw. 

* * * 

Raymond Stoesser, director of 
technical and manufacturing 
services for American Radiator 
& Standard Sanitary Corp. has 
died in New York City of a 
heart attack. He was 54. 

* * * 

William E. Offerhamer, vice 

president of Niagara Blower 


Co. recently was fatally stricken 
in Buffalo. He was 69. 


Offerhamer helped found the 
firm in 1919 and was chief exe- 
cutive of its plant in Buffalo. 
He assisted Willis H. Carrier in 
the development and testing of 
air conditioning equipment from 
1913 to 1919 at Buffalo Forge 
Co. He also supervised installa- 
tion of the first major air con- 
ditioning units in plants produc- 
ing explosives during World 
War I. 


* * * 
Lawrence P. Brady, national 
account representative of 


Worthington Corp., died of a 
heart attack in New York City 
recently. He was 49. 


Founder and president of the 
former United Conditioning 
Corp., Croton Falls, N. Y., 
Brady had been manager of the 
New York City office of Trane 
Co. before joining Worthington 
in air conditioning and refrig- 
eration. 


Clamp Armaflex back from the fitting, then make sweat connec- 


tion. 


Self-extinguishing Armaflex is completely safe to use. 


To save insulation time—slip Armaflex on 
copper tubing—then sweat fittings 


Look for Andy 


Armaflex on dis- 
plays or window 
or door decals. 
He identifies the 
wholesaler who 
sells Armaflex. 


For more information about products advertised 


be used to 200 


Armaflex.” 


F. 


on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


The time it takes to insulate copper tubing can be greatly reduced if you 
slip Armaflex on the lines before you sweat the fittings. Armaflex® is flex- 
ible, slips on easily. After application, just hold it back with clamps, then 
solder joints. When the copper cools, either extend Armaflex over the fit- 
ting or apply miter-cut cover. Armaflex will not support combustion, so 
there is no fire hazard with this application method. 

Armaflex Pipe Insulation is made in nominal %”, %”, and %4” thick- 
nesses. When used within recommended temperature limitations, and in 
the proper thickness for the temperature involved, it will prevent con- 
densation on lines operating as low as zero. On heated lines, Armaflex can 


For recommended thicknesses needed to prevent condensation under 


various service conditions, write today for the free booklet, “Armstrong 
Armstrong Cork Co., 2212 Parsons Street, Lancaster, Pa. 


(Armstrong INSULATIONS 


21 


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By Frank 

Oils are intimate mixtures of 
hydrocarbons—compounds con- 
taining only carbon and hydro- 
gen. Refrigerants of the “Freon” 
type are chemical cousins of 
such hydrocarbons. Remember 
our graphic formula for the 


simple methane? 
H 


| 
n~©C~B 

| 

H 
If we were to replace, by suit- 
able chemical means, each of the 
hydrogen atoms with a chlorine 

atom, we would have 
Cl 


cl—C—Cl 
ds 


BASIC CHEMISTRY 


(As Applied In Refrigeration) 
Part 4—Refrigerant Breakdown 


J. Versagi 

This compound is the very 
familiar cleaning fluid—carbon 
tetrachloride or “carbon tet.” A 
more formal chemical name 
would be tetrachloromethane. 
All in one piece like that, this 
seems like quite a mouthful. 
Actually, tetra means four, 
chloro refers to chlorine, and 
methane reminds us that the 
original compound which was 
changed was simple methane. 

If, instead of replacing all of 
the hydrogen of methane with 
chlorine, we replace two of them 
with chlorine and two with 
fluorine, we would have 

F 


| 
cl—C—Cl 


This is the popular Refriger- 
ant-12 whose chemical name is 
dichlorodifluoromethane. Broken 
down, this means a compound 
made from methane which now 
has two (di) chlorines and two 
fluorines in the place of the 
original four hydrogen atoms. 

It would be possible, of course, 
to replace the hydrogens in 
methane with fluorine, in which 
case we would have tetrafluoro- 
methane. 


Value of Knowing 
Chemical Make-Up 


The value in being familiar 
with the chemical make-up and 
terminology of the refrigerants 
is primarily that in discussing 
the various chemical reactions 
which can take place in a refrig- 
erating unit, we will be able to 
use one material as an example. 
The basic reaction thus described 
will be valid for all the similar 
refrigerants, just as the com- 
bustion of methane served as an 
example for the oxidation or 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Popular Name 


Carbon Tetrachloride 
Refrigerant-12 
Refrigerant-11 
Refrigerant-13 
Refrigerant-22 


Table 1 

Chemical 
Chemical Name Formula 
tetrachloromethane CCl, 
dichlorodifluoromethane CCI1.F, 
trichloromonofluoromethane CCl1,F 
trifluoromonochloromethane CCIF, 
monochlorodifluoromethane CHCIF, 
trichlorotrifluoroethane CCl1.F :CCIF, 


Refrigerant-113 


combustion of all hydrocarbons. 

Where only chlorine has been 
used to replace hydrogen in a 
hydrocarbon, we have a chlo- 
rinated hydrocarbon: if fluorine 
has been used alone, we have a 
fluorinated hydrocarbon. 

Now chlorine and fluorine be- 
long to a chemical family called 
halogens. Generally, when speak- 
ing of refrigerants of this type 
which may contain chlorine and 
fluorine in many combinations, 
we speak of halogenated hydro- 
carbons. This term will bring to 
mind any chemical compound, 
derived from a_ hydrocarbon, 
which contains chlorine or fluo- 
rine or both. The table shows 


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For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


22 


typical refrigerants and their 
chemical names and formulas. 

Those refrigeration service- 
men who have not had the mis- 
fortune to be exposed to chem- 
istry before this time would do 
well to pause here and have a 
beer! 

Seriously, it is not necessary 
for the serviceman to remem- 
ber the chemical name for Re- 
frigerants 12, 22, 113, and the 
rest; it is only necessary for him 
to have a basic idea of what the 
chemical names mean and how 
they are derived, for this will 
enable him to understand more 
readily what follows. 


» Check Formulas In Table 


A good way to be sure that 
you have the idea is to cover 
the formulas in Table I, then 
try to write them after reading 
the chemical name. The word 
trichloromonofluoromethane, for 
example, should bring to mind 
a compound with three chlorines 
and one fluorine. It could be 
written CCl,F or CFCl, or even 
FCI1,C; the important thing is 
to know the significance of the 
name. Keep calling it Refriger- 
ant-11 or whatever trade name 
you like. 

When we consider the chemi- 
cal reactions possible with halo- 
genated hydrocarbons, we are 
dealing with a family of reac- 
tions. Generally speaking, a re- 
action which is valid for Refrig- 
erant-12 is also valid for the 
other refrigerants although the 
temperatures of such reactions 
may differ, or the general condi- 
tions may vary. 

Theoretically, if we could com- 
pletely tear apart a halogenated 
hydrocarbon, we would get the 
particles which went into its 
make-up. 

Thus, if you could tear apart 
Refrigerant-12 or CCI.F., we 
would get one atom of carbon, 
two each of chlorine and fluo- 
rine. If we could disassemble 
Refrigerant-22, or CHCIF., we 
would get the atom of carbon, 
one of hydrogen, one of chlorine, 
and two of fluorine. 


3 Reactions of Significance 


In practice, however, this sort 
of dismantling of the haloge- 
nated hydrocarbons does not 
occur. The only way to get 
these compounds to break down 
is by forcing them to enter into 
specific types of chemical reac- 
tions. Three of these reactions 
are of interest to the refrigera- 
tion serviceman. 

1. When the refrigerant reacts 
with heat (pyrolysis). 

2. When the refrigerant reacts 
with air (oxidation). 

3. When the refrigerant reacts 
with water (hydrolysis). 

Refrigerants of the haloge- 
nated hydrocarbon type are very 
stable chemical compounds when 
they stand alone. This means 
that it takes very severe condi- 
tions to break them down. For 
example, “Freon” Products Div. 
of duPont was able to determine 
that ‘“Freon-12” would remain 
stable up to temperatures of 
1,000° F. when it is alone in a 
quartz tube. Only at this ex- 

(Continued on next page) 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Refrigerants -- 


(Continued from preceding page) 
treme temperature is there any 
trace of free halogen indicating 
decomposition. 

When the same refrigerant is 
heated in steel, however, thermal 
decomposition begins at 480° F. 
—a significant lowering. Gener- 
ally speaking, metals have the 
property of lowering the tem- 
perature at which pyrolysis will 
take place. This has practical 
significance for the refrigeration 
serviceman since iron and copper 
are among the metals which 
have the most pronounced effect 
on lowering this temperature. 


Keep Systems Below 250° F. 


Going a step further, when oil 
is present with the halogenated 
hydrocarbon, the mixture is 
even less stable than the refrig- 
erant alone in contact with 
metal. Based on extensive tests, 
it is suggested that system tem- 
peratures be kept below 250° F. 
to prevent this type of break- 
down. 

In evaluating refrigerants by 
tests of this type “Freon” Prod- 
ucts Div. rated ‘“Freon-14” as 
the most stable and “Freon-11” 
as the least stable. Even the 
least stable refrigerant, how- 
ever, breaks down at the rate 
of only 2% per year under ex- 
tremely severe conditions. 

When pyrolysis takes place, 
the halogenated hydrocarbons 
tend to break down into smaller 
molecules, into simple hydrocar- 
bons, and also to liberate chlo- 
rine or fluorine. Refrigerants 
containing hydrogen can form 
acid even though no moisture 
is present. 


Sample Reaction 

A sample reaction would look 
like this. 

Refrigerant-22 plus heat equals 
new halogenated hydrocarbon 
plus hydrochloric acid 
CHCIF, + A = C.F, + HCl 

The only time temperatures 
in a unit can reach the point 
where pyrolysis will occur is in 
the event of a hermetic burnout. 
In this case, the temperatures 
generated by the arcing wind- 
ings can cause pyrolysis. In the 
event of hydrogen bearing re- 
frigerants, such pyrolysis ac- 
counts for the fact that serious 
acid burns can be caused by 
handling the oil from a burned 
out unit. The acid has formed 
during pyrolysis (during the 
sparking and shorting) and has 
been absorbed by the oil. 

In normal operating condi- 
tions, however, even where tem- 
peratures are high (around 300° 
F.), pyrolysis will not occur. 

(To Be Continued) 
Rc en Ba on RR EE 
For Your Reprint Copy 
“Emergency Diagnosis, Repair of Her- 
metic Unit Electric Components,” by 
John L. Zant, mail this ad with your 
name and address to: Air Condition- 
ing & Refrigeration News, 450 W. 


Fort, Detroit 26, Mich. 
Only 25¢ each. 


Carbon Tet 
In Field Service 


The following letter probably 
reflects a widespread feeling re- 
garding the use of carbon tet in 
refrigeration work, and probably 
in other classes of work also. 

“A Refrigeration Problems col- 
umn refers to hazards in the use 
of carbon tetrachloride. This is 
the first time that we have heard 
of any danger from using carbon 
tetrachloride, and we would appre- 
ciate it if you would give us more 
information on this subject. 

“We have always. considered 
carbon tetrachloride as the safe 
and very best cleaning solvent, so 
this article surprised us very 
much. Also, will you please sug- 
gest some other effective solvent, 
instead of carbon tetrachloride, 
that we can safely use.” 


CARBON TET TOXIC 
ALTHOUGH NON-FLAMMABLE 

Since carbon tet is non-flamma- 
ble and does not have a very offen- 
sive odor, it has been commonly 
believed that it is also non-toxic. 
Nothing could be farther from the 
facts. 

In refrigeration work the word 
“toxic” is chiefly used in connec- 
tion with gases that we breathe— 
refrigerant gases and fumes from 
solvents and other liquids. 

“Toxic” literally means poison- 
ous, but “poisonous” is relative. 
Some poisons, such as potassium 
cyanide, act very quickly; others 
slowly. Very small amounts of 
some poisons, such as_ snake 
venom, are deadly; others are 
milder, and large amounts may be 
taken before harmful effects are 
even noticed. Some poisons are 
only temporarily effective and are 
thrown off by the human system; 
others cause permanent injury. 

Carbon tet is in this latter class; 
it causes permanent injury, and its 
effect is cumulative. That is, we 
breathe a little one time and it 
does its damage. Again we breathe 
some more carbon tet, and it adds 
to the damage. Thus, a number of 
short exposures may be just as 
dangerous as a heavy exposure. 

This is less true of most of the 
other solvents, even those which 
are slightly toxic. Most of them 
are thrown off by the human body, 
and except in cases of very heavy 
and continued exposure, there are 
no permanent after-effects. 

When breathed, carbon tet is 
especially hard on the liver and 
kidneys, which it is said to injure 
permanently, even in comparative- 
ly small quantities. The maximum 
allowable concentration is 50 parts 
(by weight) of carbon tet in one 
million parts of air. More than 
that very small amount may be 
dangerous. 

Laboratory tests have shown 
that illnesses, some quite serious, 
that were supposed to have been 
from “natural” causes, were in 
reality traced to over-exposure of 
the individual to carbon tetra- 
chloride fumes. 


Refrigeration Problems 


And Their Solution 
(As Written by Paul Reed) 


Carbon tet is also harmful to the 
skin. It not only dries the skin by 
dissolving out the natural oils, but 
it causes the skin to become scaly, 
similar to that caused by a burn. 
This condition is difficult to cure, 
for the oil glands themselves are 
injured. 

If you do use carbon tet, use it 
out of doors or in a room that is 
well ventilated. By well ventilated, 
we do not mean just an open win- 
dow, but instead, a positive air 
movement carrying the carbon tet 
fumes away from the workman. 
This positive air movement may be 
obtained by cross ventilation, but 
preferably by an exhaust fan. 

If you work over a tank of 
carbon tet, the National Safety 
Council recommends that you wear 
a gas mask. 

Keep your hands out of carbon 
tet. Wear rubber gloves. : 


ment of duPont in its Bulletin 
S6-1049, describes a solvent which 
they call “Cleaning Mixture No. 
49.” It consists of (by volume) 


70% Stoddard Solvent 

25% Methylene Chloride 
(Carrene No. 1) 

5% Perchlorethylene 


This may be made up with 1 part 
(gallon or other measure) of per- 
chlorethylene, 5 parts methylene 
chloride, and 14 parts Stoddard 
Solvent. 


This mixture has a flash point 
above that of Stoddard Solvent 
only, even when 20% of the mix- 
ture has been evaporated, so this 
mixture is only about as flamma- 
ble as kerosene. 


It is somewhat toxic but only 
slightly so. However, rooms in 
which the mixture is used, espe- 
cially if it is sprayed, as on motor 
windings, should be well ventilated. 

You should not put your hands 
in it; use rubber gloves. Also, use 
care not to get it on your face 
or in your eyes. This advice ap- 
plies to Stoddard Solvent also. 

Its big advantage over Stoddard 


Solvent only, is that it evaporates 
eae 


Service & Supplies | 


rapidly and leave the surface with 
little if any film or other type of 
residue. 

It is not corrosive, and is inert 
to electrical insulation. In fact, it 
was originally developed for wash- 
ing motor and generator windings, 
and is widely used in motor repair 
shops. 

Although carbon tet is non- 
flammable, it is decomposed if sub- 
jected to a high temperature, such 
as a flame or red hot metal, to 
form some highly toxic fumes 
including chlorine and phosgene. 
Therefore, keep carbon tet fumes 
away from flames, for these fumes, 
toxic in themselves, become much 
more dangerous if decomposed by 
heat. 


SOLVENTS USED HOT 


For shop use, especially in the 
larger shops, it would be well to 
investigate the possibilities of 
some of the water-soluble solvents, 
used hot. These and other clean- 
ing solvents and equipment were 
described in “Cleaning Parts Be- 
fore Repairing,” Chapter 62 in 
Volume J-4 of the book form of 
“Refrigeration Problems and Their 
Solution.” 


WHAT SOLVENTS TO USE 


The question then arises, 
“What shall we use instead of 
carbon tet?” Unfortunately, there 
is no known solvent that is as 
effective as carbon tet, that is 
completely non-toxic and non- 
flammable. We must be willing to 
accept a small hazard of flamma- 
bility. There are several very 
good solvents that may be used 
cold, which although somewhat 
flammable, are comparatively safe 
if used with reasonable care. 

Trichlorethylene is similar to 
carbon tet and is used in some 
“degreasing” machines. Although 
it is only about one fourth as toxic 
as carbon tet, it still is too danger- 
ous for unrestricted use, especially 
in poorly ventilated rooms. Also, 
hands must be kept out of tri- 
chlorethylene. 

High test naphtha has a flash 
point of about 30° F. This means 
that even at a temperature as low 
as 30° F., the fumes from high 
test naphtha are flammable. So 
low flash point naphtha is too 
highly flammable in ordinary room 
temperature, for ordinary use. 


STODDARD SOLVENTS 


Some years ago a man named 
Stoddard set up some specifications 
on a solvent that is now called by 
his name “Stoddard Solvent.” It is 
made under various trade names 
by most of the major oil and gaso- 
line refiners—Stanisol, Mineral 
Spirits, Shell-Sol, Sorasol, etc. 

Stoddard Solvent is sometimes 
referred to as “safety solvent” and 
“high flash point naphtha.” It is 
not completely safe, but is com- 
paratively so, and has been ac- 
cepted for indoor use by the 
National Board of Fire Under- 
writers, if the room is well venti- 
lated and certain precautions are 
taken against open flames, sparks, 
etc. Also, Stoddard Solvent is not 
very safe at temperatures above 
100° F., for at about 105° F. the 
fumes are flammable. 

Stoddard Solvent does a very 
effective cleaning job on oily and 
dirty parts, but it does leave a 
slightly oily film. 


CLEANING MIXTURE NO. 49 
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of your market for room air conditioners 


AND COMMERCIAL 
CONTRACTOR-DEALERS 
ARE THE KEY TO THESE 
INSTALLATIONS 


Over the last nine years some 
3,358,000 room air conditioners have 
been installed commercially through- 
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AIR CONDITIONING 
& REFRIGERATION 


The Newspaper of the Industry 


The men who hold the key to this 
market are the commercial air condi- 
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More commercial air conditioning con- 
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REFRIGERATION News than any other 
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No doubt about it, the News will 
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These are well established dealers 
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Any way you add it up, Air Conp- 
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tomorrow, advertise now in the News! 
Do the first job where the first job 
is being done! 


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pL ® NEW YORK, 521 Fifth Ave., MUrray Hill 2-1928-9, Robert M. Price. 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 & 
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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


CRMA Sees '58 


(Concluded from Page 1, Col. 2) 
group agreed, are the recent 
lowering of rediscount rates, 
giving promise of a reversal of 
the government’s tight money 
policy, indications of a substan- 
tial pickup in housing construc- 
tion, plus strong indications that 
many chain and independent 
food store operators plan to 
build or to remodel because of 
increasingly keener competition 
for the home-maker’s grocery 
shopping dollar. 

It was revealed, for example, 
that on the basis of a recent 
survey at least 1,700 new chain 


for sealing Joints and 


seams 
for plugging and caulk- 
ing in 
e Supplied in beads, tape 
or bulk 

See your wholesaler or WRITE 


PRESSTITE-KEYSTONE 
Engineering Products 
COMPANY 
3774 Chouteau Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 


Equaling '57-- 


supermarket units have already 
been projected for next year. 
In addition, the group learned, 
a survey of independent food 
store operators shows that some 
50% expect either to build or to 
remodel present facilities. 
Brightest spot in the indus- 
try’s 1957 performance, indi- 
vidual progress reports to the 
group revealed, is the compara- 
tively better sales-building job 
done by manufacturers specializ- 
ing in food service refrigeration 
equipment, a market that has 
shown a steady upsurge over 
the past two or three years. 


° Every manufacturer in this cate- 


gory reported increases over 
1956, by margins ranging from 
a few percentage points to as 
much as 11%, with reach-ins 
accounting for a major share of 
the total volume. However, 
some of the so-called “full line’ 
manufacturers have made simi- 
larly good progress this year, 
their reports indicated, with 
individual gains of as much as 
10% for the comparable 10- 
month period. 

Discussion of the industry’s 
profit record showed that the 


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industry continues to suffer 
from the same malady of shrink- 
ing margins that is typical of 
American business’ generally, 
with earnings often failing to 
offset the increased costs of 
materials, labor, and overhead. 
The probability that the govern- 
ment will maintain its present 
high level of defense spending, 
or may even increase it in view 
of the missile program, precludes 
much hope of tax relief in the 
coming year, the members were 
reminded. 


BUDGETARY CONTROL 
MAY BE ANSWER 


In view of such indications, 
the group agreed, the ability of 
the individual manufacturer to 
maintain what may be an al- 
ready too-modest rate of earn- 
ings depends largely on the 
extent to which he is able to 
apply proper management tech- 
niques. An effective budgetary 
control system, it was suggested, 
may very well prove to be the 
“right answer” to this problem, 
with special attention to over- 
head items. 

NEW FREIGHT FORMULA 

EFFECTIVE JAN. 15 


The members learned that as 
the result of a four-year project 


@ carried on by the CRMA Traffic 


Committee a new freight for- 
mula was recently approved by 
the railroads, which is scheduled 
to become effective Jan. 15, 1958. 
The measure will effect a num- 
ber of economies that for the 
most part will be realized by 
the commercial refrigerator dis- 
tributors and their customers, 
including a 714% cut in the 
present cost of shipping display 
cases, in less-than-carload lots. 

Another important concession 
is a drastic reduction in carload 
minimum weights from the pres- 
ent 18,000 to 20,000-lb. range to 
12,000 Ibs., applicable to all 
types of commercial refrigera- 
tors or mixed carloads. Permis- 
sion has also been granted by 
the railroads to make uncrated 
carload shipments of all indus- 
try products, the committee’s 
report stated. 

A similar proposal is before 
the truck lines. The committee 
is composed of three experienced 


traffic directors, Leslie H. 
Fischer, Tyler Refrigeration 
Corp. chairman; William L. 


Brown, Hussmann Refrigerator 
Co.; and Norman E. Seidel, Mc- 
Cray Refrigerator Co. 

At the meeting’s conclusion, 
the association’s president, Roger 
D. Jacobs, executive vice presi- 


with these advantages: 


4 Typical 
Configuration 
Available 


(1 to 7% tons) 


A NEW REFRIGERANT CONDENSER 


* COST REDUCED 30% TO 40% 
* CONDENSER WATER REDUCED 35% 


* Refrigerant Charge Reduced 

* Stabilizes Capillary Performance 
* Smaller Cooling Towers Required 
* Shipping Weight Reduced 

* Many Shapes and Sizes Available 


USED BY MAJOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS 
Contact our engineering department for FREE technical 
assistance, regarding your specific installation rc quirements. 


Send for catalog TT-653 TODAY 


dent of The Warren Co., who 
acted as chairman, announced 
that 1958 will mark the 25th 
anniversary of CRMA’s found- 
ing. He said that one of the 
three meetings planned for next 
year will be designated to honor 
the occasion. 

Jacobs also informed the 
group that the 1958 Plant Tour 
meeting, eighth in a series that 
feature a trip through a mem- 
ber’s factory by engineering and 
production personnel from 
throughout the group, will take 
place in April, with McCray 
Refrigerator Co. as the host 
member. 


* s e 
Jurisdiction -- 
(Concluded from Page 1, Col. 2) 


resorting to trickery and subter- 
fuge to avoid settling the prob- 
lem. 

However, after the personal 
intercession of AFL-CIO Presi- 
dent George Meany, it was an- 
nounced that Gray had agreed 


to sit down with Walter Reuther, 
head of the AFL-CIO industrial 
department, and work out some 
sort of satisfactory compromise 
plan. 

Gray said that if the problem 
was not settled by Feb. 28, he 
would call a meeting of the 19 
to chart the next move. Just 
what they would do was not 
indicated. 

Early last year, an air condi- 
tioning installation in the Mack 
Mfg. Co. plant at Plainfield, N. 
J. was delayed for more than a 
month when CIO maintenance 
workers in the plant refused to 
allow United Association (AFL) 
installers in the plant. The 
maintenance workers claimed 
the right to make the installa- 
tion themselves. 

After the Mack management 
demanded a decision, the AFL- 
CIO ruled that the UA me- 
chanics employed by the install- 
ing dealer should do the work 
and they were permitted to do 
so. 


—=ZERICKE 


THE LEADER IN REFRIGERATION SINCE | 
1882 


j 


a 
AIR CONDITIONING 


ee om 


Frick Company designs and 
manufactures equipment 
engineered to the 
individual requirements 


of your plant. 


If you need any type of cool- 
ing or temperature control... 
call your nearest Frick branch 
office or distributor for recom- 


mendations and estimates. 


od 
Offices in principal cities 
throughout the world. 


VALVES & FITTINGS 


"ECLIPSE" COMPRESSORS 
2 to 9 cylinders 


HEAVY-DUTY COMPRESSORS 
3 by 3 to 17% by 12 


AIR HANDLING UNITS 
QUICK FREEZING SYSTEMS 
BLOCK & SHELL ICE MAKERS 


CONDENSERS 
Evaporative & Shell & Tube 


AIR CONDITIONING 
LOW PRESSURE REFRIGERATION 
UNITS 
Y¥, to 15 HP. 
CONTROLS, VALVES & FITTINGS 


SHELL & TUBE & COIL COOLERS 


DEPENDABLE RE 


RI 


w 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


NNA., U.S. A. 


25 


4 jo a 
: PRESSTITE #A\ 
. PERMAGUM® | | | 
YR New Champ! — 
=< os nto. Pg | ie eo, Lary , 
aS ET 6“ ——_a f . See 74CeR: 
“Geary Bax, i aan 
. oe or ee S—, 4 ECLIPSE COMPRESSORS | HEAVY-DUTY COMPRESSORS | 
. _ = z iy ey Ee f 
. Lille oF « F 
s 5 a i 
- & ane \, 2 PREST FIN PIPE COILS ICE MAKERS & ) 
; a ~ | & se I 
Bs Jetty : : = Ne ; to 
| | } a 
| é PPE LI 0 -AXIAL FREON CONDENSERS oo | 
é a, c™ - s 
; sy = Die 
ae ne Lu, FRIGERATION SINCE 1882 
| - EDWARDS ENGINEERING CORP. ja ae CK Gi 0 
Se eR OS Ry gy gene = a = c 
: ee = 


eee oe ee 


: ae 


PATENTS 


Week of Sept. 24 
( Continued) 


2,807,305. TUBE END FLARING 
HAND TOOL. Frederick M. Haber- 
mehl, Augusta, Ky., assignor of one- 
third to Bernie BR. Gugel, Waverly, 
Ohio, and one-third to William L. 
Dooley, Belle, W. Va. Application May 
23, 1955, Serial No. 510,207. 2 Claims. 
(Cl. 153—80.5.) 

1, A tube expanding hand tool of the 
character described comprising a head, 
a fixed jaw member extending from 
one end of the head, a movable jaw 
member mounted on the fixed jaw 
member for lateral movement toward 
and away frorc said jaw member to 


A 


One or Two Years in Europe? 
Refrigeration engineer wanted. 
Experienced designer of refrig- 
eration cases for super markets, 
preferably speaking, or at least, 
understanding one Scandinavian 
language. Position available as 
consulting engineer with old 
and well established firm. Free 
trip to and from Europe for 
man selected. 
Reply Box No. A5921, 
Air Conditioning & 
Refrigeration News 


respectively clamp and release the end 
portion of a tubular work piece, an 
elongated, intermediate handle fixed on 
the opposite end of the head, a first 
manual lever pivoted at one end on 
the movable jaw member and having a 


cam connection with the fixed jaw for 
actuating the movable jaw member, 
said first lever being coextensive with 
the handle and the head and swingable 


, in the plane of the handle from an 


operative position adjacent one side of 
said handle to an inoperative position 
angularly spaced from said handle, a 
tube end forming die mounted for 
axial movement in the head in a 
direction normal to the movement of 
the movable jaw, a second manual 
lever pivotally mounted at one end on 
the head, and cam means operably 
connecting the said second lever to the 
die, said second lever being coexten- 
sive with the handle and swingable in 
the plane of the handle and the first 
lever from a position adjacent the 
opposite side of the handle, constitut- 
ing its position at the end of the tube 
expanding stroke, to an initial position 
angularly spaced from said handle. 


2,807,344. CLUTCH FOR REFRIGER- 
ATING APPARATUS. James W. Jac- 


“A CASE OF COOL JUDGMENT” 


FLO-COLD 
DRINKMASTER 


STAINLESS STEEL 
CUBER — COOLER. 


SOLD THRU DEALERS ONLY 
WRITE 


United Friguator Engrs. 
MENOMINEE, MICH. 
AVAILABLE IN SIZES 4 to 10 FT. 


. . . With temperature scales for 
Freon-12 ana Freon-22 


The finest of testing instruments have 
been made still better. 
Marsh pressure and compound testing gauges . . 


7 ae 


Set 


Pictured above are the new models of 
. with two 


scales in color showing corresponding temperatures of Freon- 


12 and 22.. 


. with greater pressure ranges in both gauges. 


In the Compound gauge, the important retard scale has 
been increased to read from 0 to 80 lbs., and maximum 
reading is increased to 250 lbs. The range of the pressure 


gauge has also been increased . 


. to 400 Ibs. 


Their precision bronze-bushed movements give them 
the remarkable accuracy of 1% of reading. Like their dis- 
tinguished predecessors, they have the handsome, highly- 
polished brass cases with sparkling beveled-glass crystals. 
Threaded rings make it easy to remove the crystal, giving 


instant access to the 


Marsh ‘‘Recalibrator’’—quickest and 


best way to maintain the high degree of accuracy vital to 


testing. Gauges are standard with !} 


«” N.P.T. male bottom 


connection with restriction screw in connection. Dial size, 2 14” 


No servicing kit 


is complete without this testing set. 


Write for details or SEE YOUR JOBBER 
MARSH INSTRUMENT CO. sAtes AFFILIATE OF JAS. P. MARSH CORPORATION 


Dept. D , Skokie, Ill. 


Marsh instrument & Valve Co. (Canada) Ltd., 8407 103rd St., Edmonton, Alberta 


Ry 


e WATER REGULATING VALVES 


SOLENOID VALVES ¢ HEATING SPECIALTIES 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, 


Editor’s Note: Patents de- 
scribed here have been se- 
lected from the “Official Ga- 
zette” of the United States 
Patent Office. They offer only 
a brief summary of each in- 
vention. In some instances 
only the first part of the di- 
gest is presented. 

Printed copies of patents, 
reissued patents, and patent 
designs may be secured from 
the Patent Office; patents 
and reissues are 25¢ each, 
while designs are furnished 
at 10¢ each. Address orders 
to: Commissioner of Patents, 
Washington 25, D. C. 


obs, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to General ® 


Motors Corp., Detroit. 


1. A clutch comprising: a driven 
shaft; a driving member mounted ax- 
ially fixed and rotationally free on 
said driven shaft, said driving member 
having two inwardly directed drive 
surfaces; a clutch disk longitudinally 
movable on keyed to said driven shaft 
and engageable with one of said drive 
surfaces; a spring pressed pin longitu- 
dinally movable in said driven shaft. 


1. In combination with a high pres- 
sure fluid container having one or 
more exposed and sealed ends, a dis- 


penser assembly including: a fluid 
dispensing conduit having intake and 
exhaust extremities and an anchor 
member peripherally engaging a sealed 
end of the container interlocking the 
conduit and container, said conduit 
including gasket means seated within 
the intake extremity for sealing com- 
pression on a sealed end of the con- 
tainer and a rigid tubular cutter 
mounted in extension of the intake 
end of said conduit, said cutter being 
encompassed by said gasket proximate 
the exposed end of said cutter, and 
conduit reciprocating means joining 
conduit and anchor to progressively 
move the conduit against the container 


COMPARE 


.-. and learn why 3,500,000 
refrigerating units 
are now operating with 
SUPCO "88" 


_ ® Free Frozen Compres- 
“> sors. (Sealed or <a 


-%& Reduces Amperage. — 
Prevents Berg 
Overloads. : 


%& It Repairs 90% of all 
.- Defective Blower. 
> ~~ Meters Without 

~ Removal. Rm 


SEE YOUR JOBBER NOW 


. » . OR WRITE TO 
SEALED UNIT PARTS CO., | 


NC. 


261 East léist St @ New York SI.N.Y 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


to effect complementary simultaneous 
cutting and sealing into the interior 
of the container in dispensing. 


2,807,446. HEAT EXCHANGER. Ber- 
nard Friedman, Roseland, and Fernan- 
do E. Plores, Newark, N. J., assignors 
to Tenney Engineering wee. 


1. In a heat exchanger, upper and 
lower horizontally disposed outer 
tubes, each said tube having both of 
its ends pinched to form upper and 
lower openings, an inner tube diag- 
onally disposed in the upper tube be- 
tween the upper opening at one end 
of such tube and the lower opening at 
the other end, an oppositely diagonally 
disposed inner tube in the lower outer 
tube between the upper opening at one 


end of such tube and the lower open- 
ing at the other end and a connection 
between the lower end of the first-men- 
tioned inner tube and the upper end of 
the second-mentioned inner tube. 


(To Be Continued) 


TODAY’S 
OUTSTANDING 
AIR 
CONDITIONING 
ACCESSORY 
—_— ef — 
KESCO 
CONDENSATE 
PUMPS 


Featuring 
FLOOD 
CONTROL 


Wholesalers write to 


KESCO JAMAICA 13, N.Y. 


CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 


RATES for “Positions Wanted” $7.50 
per insertion. Limit 50 words. 15¢ per 
word over 50. 

RATES for all other classifications 


$10.00 per insertion. Limit 50 words. 
20¢ per word over 50. 

ADVERTISEMENTS set in usual 
classified style. Box addresses count 
as five words, other address by actual 
word count. Please send payment with 
order. 

POSITIONS WANTED 

SEEK POSITION as manufacturers 
service representative Attended and 
graduated Industrial Training Insti- 
tute, Chicago. Eight years’ experience 
commercial refrigeration, air condition- 
ing, heat pumps, and complete line 
domestic appliances. Willing to take 
your specialized training. Age 31, 
married, make nice appearance, socia- 
ble. Will relocate. Have references. 
DOUGLAS A. MILCER, 207 Emmet, 
Ypsilanti, Michigan. 


AIR CONDITIONING and refrigeration 
service engineer with some sales ex- 
perience. Past eight years with a 
manufacturer of commercial and indus- 
trial equipment in a management ca- 
pacity. Ten years’ experience selling 
and servicing direct users. A. S. R. E. 
member. Reply to BOX A5922, Air 
Conditioning & Refrigeration News. 


EXECUTIVE—ENGINEERING and/or 
manufacturing. Mechanical engineer 
with 23 years’ experience in designing 
and manufacturing of heating, cooling, 
ventilation, air conditioning and re- 
frigeration products and _ associated 
components, Familiar with all phases 
of manufacturing and production func- 
tions including processing, tooling, 
material and production control, pro- 
curement, personnel and accounting. 
10 years of plant management experi- 
ence in fast growing concerns. Prefer 
small or medium sized operation with 
potential and resources for expansion. 
BOX A5923, Air Conditioning & Re- 
frigeration News. 


REFRIGERATION SALES and service 
engineer with 7 years’ experience in 
all phases of refrigeration, air condi- 
tioning, including automobile air con- 
ditioning. Desires position with manu- 
facturers or distributors on West 
Coast. Age 25, married, 2 children. 
Have transportation. Will attend pre- 
liminary company school as required. 
Sales ability. BOX A5924, Air Condi- 
tioning & Refrigeration News. 


SERVICE ENGINEER wants position 
as service representative with manu- 
facturer or distributor. Thorough 
knowledge in servicing and installation 
of all makes and types of commercial 
and domestic refrigeration, air condi- 
tioning and electric motors. Can hold 
service meetings. Well experienced in 
sales. Prefer Missouri or Iowa. BOX 
A5925, Air Conditioning & Refrigera- 
tion News. 


POSITIONS AVAILABLE 


MOVE TO sunny Florida. Serviceman 
for Carrier dealer. Must be thoroughly 
experienced in installation and service 
on Carrier equipment, Applicant must 
have good back references and back- 
ground. Year round employment. 
State qualifications in reply to PAYNES 
HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING 
COMPANY, 121 South Ingraham Ave- 
nue, Lakeland, Florida. 


SALES ENGINEER: Excellent oppor- 
tunity in expanding OEM sales depart- 
ment of well known manufacturer of 
control valves and devices. Engineer- 
ing education desirable, Development 
or application experience in refrigera- 
tion, air conditioning, or heating es- 
sential. In reply state education, ex- 
perience, earnings, personal data, In- 
terviews arranged with qualified ap- 
plicants, Replies held in confidence. 
BOX A5916, Air Conditioning & Re- 
frigeration News. 


AIR CONDITIONING and refrigeration 
sales engineer to represent leading 
wholesaler in selling very complete line 


page 16. 


= 


of equipment, up to 100 tons, to the 
contractor. Complete knowledge of 
estimating air conditioning and refrig- 
eration loads necessary. New York, 
Brooklyn, Long Island territory. Good 
salary, expenses, bonus. Write BOX 
A5926, Air Conditioning & Refrigera- 
tion News. 


ENGINEERING LABORATORY Super- 
visor. Engineering education desirable. 
Experieygce to qualify for the position 
of supervisor of engineering laboratory 
for manufacturer of automatic refrig- 
erant control devices. Interesting and 
challenging work in an expanding field. 
Employee benefits include hospitaliza- 
tion, insurance and retirement plan. 
Midwest location. Employees know of 
this opportunity. Reply in confidence 
giving details of education, experience, 
salary requirements, age and marital 
status. BOX A5927, Air Conditioning & 
Refrigeration News. 


REFRIGERATION AND heating serv- 
iceman wanted: Must have ten years’ 
experience in service and installation 
of commercial refrigeration and heat- 
ing. Applicants should be qualified to 
supervise a complete installation. Year 
round work, paid vacations, other 
benefits. State qualifications, experi- 
ence, age, etc., in letter, Well estab- 
lished firm in Middle West. BOX 
A5928, Air Conditioning & Refrigera- 
tion News. 


SERVICE SALES engineer. Need man 
with well rounded field service experi- 
ence, who is alert, capable, enthusi- 
astic. Must have knowledge of appli- 
cation of heating and air conditioning 
to qualify as salesman to sell replace- 
ment equipment for existing jobs and 
also sell service contracts. This is an 
important job opening with well estab- 
lished company. BOX 4A5929, Air 
Conditioning & Refrigeration News. 


PRODUCTION DESIGNER. Mechanical 
engineering graduate with several 
years’ experience in design. Must be 
capable of executing the mechanical 
design and_ supervising the detail 
drawing of commercial cooling units 
involving sheet metal cabinets, coils, 
fans, etc. Heat transfer background 
desirable but not essential. Location: 
New England. BOX A5930, Air Condi- 
tioning & Refrigeration News. 


EQUIPMENT WANTED 


WANTED: MANUFACTURERS §$sur- 
plus, outdated or obsolete refrigeration 
items—expansion & water & shutoff 
valves, controls, relays, dehydrators, 
units, tubing, fittings, etc. All sales 
on a cash close-out basis, large or 
small quantity. Write or call: COM- 
MERCIAL CONTROLS CO., 257 East 
8rd Street, New York 9, N. Y., ORegon 
83-7210. 


EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 


CENTRAL HOME air conditioners: 1% 
H.P.—$165.00 F.O.B. York, Pennsyl- 
vania. Self contained, air cooled con- 
denser, completely assembled and 
wired. Cooling capacity—15,750 B.T.U. 
per hour. New in original crates. Quan- 
tities limited. Write or phone today. 
Wm. A. Hewett, YORK-SHIPLEY, 
INC., York, Pennsylvania, Phone: 7871. 


ATTENTION SERVICEMEN: Send for 
free circulars and bulletins on refrig- 
eration parts and equipment. Real 
money saving values: WALTER W. 
STARR, 2833 Lincoln Avenue, Chicago 
13, Illinois, 


JOB SIGNS for air conditioning and 
refrigeration installation companies: 
Parrafine coated (weatherproof) card- 
board size 20”X14” in two colers, Large 
type used, fine layouts. Your signs 
displayed on your job builds prestige 
and invites inquiries. Price 100, $36.00, 
or 250 for $50.00 F.O.B. Indiana. Send 
for sample or send order. Enclose 
copy on letterhead. HOWARD 
WOLLER AND CO., 101 Ellwood Ave- 
nue, Mt. Vernon, New York. 


‘ : 
2 
| r a r | | 
= _— - \ at ia die ceaaaannne N poe a = al - . ies 
i FE vA a - “ “ zi yy ro “7 : : 
soSHE <Soaee Semen . x 
ue % & r as \ “a — y a ° ‘ $ ™ ” : 
= : Jay si 
y 3 ea Es +e oe & as ; 
= : = a |}. 
ae FT 
| a | : : 
: ( re i | : 
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= OUD a (111 x Ee 
e . a Ma 
8 ia as wl es ce 
P ea - 
ce ; * ——'- 5 
; if (oy — ; 
; | tReet seat 
7 | | \ = x 
4 ; ? 
* 
| | 
———— 2 “4 i 
: — 
Pe ¢ — rs * —. - ~ cae - 
tae”) 
re = Sees Ss 2,807,391. VALVED DISPENSER. 
——S= SSS George T. Wrenn, Jr., Portsmouth, 
oc = ; Va., assignor to Virginia Smelting Co., ; 
caer West Norfolk, Va. eee. 
| Marsh Testing 
: - * oS Bee ge ee 4 
j ®. % a oe wae : z = a : . : a 
/ J 2. i. os | see : —— 4 se 
aR ihe by \ » - Re 
4 Wd bo hee F * rag * . 1 FX 
2 | te / H *y ¢, we cae X - 
. ; ton. 7 Zt 3 14 - 
MY OTe “he Hi | i ity axe iS 
ie ‘, ton. * ¢ J se 3 3 on be - L 4 : 
tae 2 Ras ‘ 4 See hea r ie is 
: oe > 2 toe TS e- yo a @ ‘ ce Wi Eg ; | ; ie 
5 - or = a da —_ 8 
: : = j he = ree x ~ eg all Ly aS i 
: | ae = eee : a 
ae? | ae 53 
~ OIL ADDITIVE — 
a a 
OT eS 
2 | i 
: | 
| & 
je : 
: 26 es ee ; 


Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Service & Supplies | 


in 1907 with the degree of 
Mechanical Engineer. Upon his ‘ 
graduation he joined the Inter- 


Air Conditioners 


FIG. 1—Polar-Temp under-dash unit has 
adjustable thermostat for controlling sole- 


national Cigar Machinery Corp., 
a subsidiary of American Ma- 


| Servicing Automobile 


(Vol. 2) 


noid by-pass valve or magnetic clutch. 


BY C. DALE MERICLE 


The Polar-Temp unit is the eleventh make to be discussed 
in the current series on automobile air conditioners. Makes 
previously described in this series were A.R.A., Artic-Kar, 
Frigette, Frigikar, Kauffman, Mark IV, Airtemp, Mobilette, 
Novi, and Vornado. 

Models discussed in the current series are 1956 and/or 
1957. For data on earlier models readers are referred to 
the original series of articles, which is available now in the 
handy manual, Servicing Automobile Air Conditioners. 


Polar-Temp (1) 


Air Controls Corp. 
400 Stonestreet Ave. 
Rockville, Md. 


Two propeller-type fans are 
mounted on the back of the 
evaporator case (Fig. 2), which 
is made of plastic. 

Standard Polar-Temp unit em- 
ploys a solenoid by-pass system 
which is controlled through an 
adjustable thermostat. Deluxe 
model has a_ thermostatically 
controlled magnetic clutch in 
place of the by-pass hookup. 

Refrigerant-12 is standard in 
Polar-Temp units. Full charge 
is 214 Ibs. 


Compressor 


A choice of compressors is 
offered with Polar-Temp units, 
so on some the serviceman will 
find the Tecumseh HH compres- 
sor; on others, the Lehigh V-93 
machine. 

Suction service valve of the 
Lehigh V-93 unit is on top be- 
tween the cylinder heads; dis- 
charge service valve is on back 
opposite the flywheel end. 

Service valves may be found 
on the sides or back of the 
Tecumseh HH compressor. Suc- 
tion service valve is usually on 
the left side and discharge serv- 
ice valve on the right side, as 
viewed from the flywheel end. 
When either or both of these 
valves are mounted on the back 
of the compressor, they’re lo- 
cated in the same corresponding 
left and right positions. 
> A magnetic clutch is provided 
on Polar-Temp Deluxe models. 


“Polar-Temp” automobile air 
conditioner is of the under-dash 
type design. Evaporator-blower 
case is attached beneath the 
dash of the car (Fig. 1), con- 
denser is located in front of the 
radiator, and the compressor is 
mounted on the engine and 
belt-driven off the crankshaft. 


~~ SUPER-FLO. 
MASSIVE DEPTH 
FILTERING! 


FILTER-DRIERS 


Super-Flo’s massive fiberglas 
depth filter and a molded dry- 
ing element increase foreign 
matter, moisture and acid re- 
moval. Write for low prices. 


AVAILABLE TO THE TRADE THRU 
WHOLESALERS EVERYWHERE 


REMCO iwc. 


ZELIENOPLE, PA. 


MINERALLAC 


STEEL x 
Beam Clamps > 


Condenser 


A two-row condenser is used 
on Polar-Temp systems. It is 
installed in front of the car 
radiator. Inlet and outlet con- 
nections are usually on the right 
(curb) side. 

A combination receiver and 
drier is mounted at the con- 
denser outlet. 

Sight class is attached to the 
base of the receiver-drier. 


Mounts Minerallac hangers No. 0 to No. 6 on !-Beams 
without necessity of drilling holes. Have 4-20 tapped 
holes. Fits beam flanges up to %” thick. Low cost. 
Send for literature. 


MINERALLAC ELECTRIC COMPANY 
25 N. PEORIA ST. + CHICAGO 7, ILL. 


chine & Foundry Co. 

Specializing in the tobacco 
field, Buensod joined Carrier 
Engineering Corp. in 1915. He 
developed air conditioning meth- 
ods for the curing and condition- 
ing of tobacco which greatly 
increased the efficiency of tobac- 
co processing and made substan- 
tial savings in waste of raw 
material. 

In 1935 Buensod left Carrier 
to form Buensod-Stacey Air 


FIG. 2—Rear view of Polar- 
Temp unit. Note two fans 
and terminal block. 


Evaporator 


Polar-Temp evaporator as- 
sembly, which attaches beneath 
the dash of the car, includes 
the evaporator coil, expansion 
valve, fans, and controls. 

Two six-blade fans are em- 
ployed on this unit, the fan 
motors being wired in parallel 
so that both are controlled from 
a single switch. Four air outlets 
are provided on the unit, the 
two outlets on the front of the 
unit being rectangular plastic 
grilles whose position can be 
adjusted to direct air flow as 
desired. 


Controls 


Temperature and fan controls 
are mounted on the front of the 
evaporator case between the two 
adjustable air outlet grilles (Fig. 
1). 

Fan control is a _ rheostat 
which regulates the speed of the 
two fan motors as well as per- 
mitting them to be turned off. 
At maximum speed, the unit is 
claimed to deliver approximately 
500 c.f.m. 

Standard Polar-Temp units, 
which use a solenoid by-pass 
valve, have a thermostat mount- 
ed on the front of the evapora- 
tor case which controls the 
opening and closing of the sole- 
noid valve. Setting of the ther- 
mostat can be readily changed 
by the occupant of the car to 
regulate the amount of cooling 
effect. Lowest setting of the 
thermostat, however, should be 
sufficiently high to prevent icing 
of the coil. 

Deluxe Polar-Temp units, 
which use a magnetic clutch 
instead of the by-pass arrange- 
ment, also have an adjustable 
thermostat on the evaporator 
case. The thermostat cuts the 
magnetic clutch in and out to 
maintain the temperature set- 


NO CUSTOMER IS 
TOO BIG, NOR 


if YOUR product involves air movement, 
YOU should know about MEIER propellers 


Sure, we’re proud of our list of impressive, pres- 
tige accounts... big, well-known manufacturers, but: 

Along with these “Industrial Giants,” MEIER is 
serving a lot of “little fellows,” too. Some of the 
smaller plants without adequate engineering rely 
entirely on MEIER engineering and technical service. 
And, from our wide collection of standard com- 
ponents, we’re able to produce the right propeller 
for their products without going into costly tooling 


and delay in designing a new blade. MEIER. 


Let MEIER’s direct factory represent- 
ative tell you about the many thou- 
sands of possible combinations from 
these standard components. 


Meier Electric & Machine Company, Inc. offers 
you over 50 years of experience, plus the scientific 
and technical know-how and equipment necessary 
to provide you with the correct propeller for YOUR 
product. With this background of experience— 
coupled with continuous scientific research, modern 
production and technical facilities—we’re in a won- 
derful position to serve both large and small manu- 
facturers of products involving air movement. Try 


MEIER ELECTRIC & MACHINE CO., INC. 
3525 East Washington Street + Indianapolis 7, Indiana 


For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


Conditioning Co. Inc., now 
known as Buensod-Stacey, Inc. 
He was president of the com- 
pany from its formation until 
April, 1956 when he resigned to 
become chairman of the board. 

During the period 1935-1957 


Alfred C. Buensod, Pioneer be continued his research and 
development in the tobacco field 


In Air Conditioning, Dies and a number of air conditioning 


SCARSDALE, N. Y.—Alfred patents were issued in his name. 
C. Buensod, 71, a pioneer in air® 
conditioning who was chairman 
of the board of Buensod-Stacey, 
Inc., engineering contractor of 
New York City, died Nov. 25 at 
his home here. Buensod had 
been in ill health for a year. 

Buensod is survived by his 
wife, Irene; a daughter, Susan 
Jewel; a _ sister, Mrs. George 
Watson, St. Petersburg, Fla.; || [aying motore away tr mh ate 
and a nephew, Henry Watson of || base. No motor shaft too long or 

. : too short. They also bring you 
Saudi-Arabia. more sales in motors, belts, pulleys, 
Pees Bi Bee Brings a he SIZES FOR % to 3 H.P. Inclusive 
Mrs. Henry S. Buensod, Mr. Engineering Research Associates, lnc. 
Buensod was graduated from 


3475 East Nine-Mile Road 
Stevens Institute of Technology 


ting of the thermostat. The 
thermostat also has an “off” 
position to disengage the clutch 
when no cooling is desired. 

(To Be Continued) 


MOTOR BASE ADAPTERS 
Sell Many Other Items 


Keep them in 
stock, Service- 
men will pick 
up adapters 
motors, 
carry them in 
their cars, and 
complete serv- 
ice on the a 
in one call, 


Eliminates delay of 


Hazel Park, Michigan 


YyY 


Simplify your System 
with 

DEAN 

“Job Tailored” 

| COLD PLATES 


a 


SIMPLE TO INST, 


OW OPERATING COST 
NINIMUM FIELD SERVI 


WRITE FOR FREE 
TECHNICAL DATA BOOK 
DEAN PRODUCTS, INC. 
1042 Dean St., Brooklyn 38, N.Y. 
STerling 9-5400 


Choice territories now available for representation. Inquiries invited. 


27 


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Air Conditioning & Refrigeration News, December 9, 1957 


Mr. Manufacturer: 
Mr. Contractor: 


EFtere’s Equipment 


ensineerech 
to help 


_— 


_— 


~ 
_ 


_ 
~~ 
 /~= 


CONTROL PANEL f j 
READILY 
ACCESSIBLE 


la—Tie HELP. UNITS 4 


Extension of the already diverse Brunner line to include new 
4 and 6 cylinder 3, 5 and 72 HP units has a special 
significance to you. Now . . . from one source, with one 
responsibility ... there are Brunner-Metic units available to fill 
an even wider range of your requirements. 


And behind every unit is the Brunner backing that builds 
customer confidence and repeat sales. Every Brunner-Metic 
customer is automatically protected by a standard 

one year warranty. With the optional Brunner-Metic five 
year protection policy, the complete unit is 

protected for the first year and the motor-compressor 

is protected for four additional years. 


Parts Depots located in every principal city eliminate red tape 
and delay in waiting for parts from the factory. 

Regardless of where unit was purchased, the nearest 
Brunner-Metic Wholesaler handles warranty transaction, 
F.O.B. his location. Result: your customer has speedier service .. . 
you save on freight both ways. 


211 Wholesaler locations, 16 Sales Offices, over 100 sales 
engineers . . . all ready to work with you on 
engineering the proper unit for your specific application. 


Write today for complete information on the expanded Brunner-Metic line. 


Dunham -Bush, Inc. 


WEST HARTFORD 10 e CONNECTICUT e JU. S. A. 


MICHIGAN CITY, INDIANA *¢© MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA ¢ = RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA ¢ BRUNNER DIVISION, UTICA, NEW YORK 


SUBSIDIARIES 


HEAT-X, INC. THE BRUNNER CO. DUNHAM-BUSH (CANADA), LTD. DUNHAM-BUSH, LTD. BRUNNER CORPORATION (CANADA) LTD. 
BREWSTER, N.Y. GAINESVILLE, GA. TORONTO, CANADA LONDON, ENGLAND PORT HOPE, ONTARIO 


28 For more information about products advertised on this page use Information Center, page 16. 


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Full text of "Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration News 1957-12-09: Vol 82 Iss 15"

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