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Full text of "Rubber Age 1956-12: Vol 80 Iss 3"

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News about 


B.EGoodrich Chemical] : materia: 


Ray-BOND jy 
ADHESIVE MADE ic 
WITH HYCAR 


withstands 
2,000-pound 
shear test 


..* i. 
Me, ae id i 


A 2,000-pound shear test is given every Raybestos brake shoe assembly 
to prove sureness of the bond. 


UALITY unsurpassed by original equipment 

is guaranteed on Raybestos-Manhattan re- 
conditioned brake shoes. The lining on every 
shoe must resist this 2,000-pound pull that tries 
to separate it from the metal. 


This superior bonding is provided by a cement 
modified with Hycar dry rubber... to provide a 
tough, continuous adhesive film which may be 
applied uniformly. In service, the adhesive has 
the strength and elasticity to withstand impact, 
and excellent heat resistance. 


Where you want to improve materials, investi- 
gate Hycar. It offers superior oil, water and heat 
resistance, flexibility with strength, superior aging 
and abrasion properties In dry form, « om pounded 
Hycar extrudes and molds easily, In latex form, 
it is an excellent pigment binder and impreg- 
nating material, 


For complete information write Dept. EP-12, 
b. F. Goodrich Chemical Company, 3135 Euclid 
Avenue, Cleveland 15, Ohio. Cable address: 
Goodchemco, In Canada: Kitchener, Ontario 


B.F.Goodrich Chemical Company 
A Division of The B.F.Goodrich Company 


Raybestos lining segments are being pre-cemented with Ray-BOND 
adhesive prior to assembly on brake shoes, 


4g US Fe Of 


Ami Ry per 


B.EGoodrich GEON polyvinyl materials » HYCAR American rubber and latex - GOOD-RITE chemicals and plasticizers « HARMON colors 











Best wishes for Christmas 


and for the New Year.........64.. 


{ 
ca PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 195¢ 











....fom PHILBLACK* 


and 


PHILPRENE* 


Rubber Chemicals Division, 318 Water Street, Akron 8, Ohio 
District Offices: Chicago, Providence and Trenton *A trademark 


BER AG! EFCEMBER 

















Purchasing Agents 


like Pequanoc service . . . 





Chemists 
like Pequanoc quality . .. 





Plant Managers 


like the uniformity and trouble- 


free processing of Pequanoc 
reclaims. . . 





| 
| 
| 
| 


/ All benefit by the added advanta 
ges you get when you specify 
PEQUANOC RECLAIMED RUBBE 


Qur experience of over half a century in man- 
ufacturing reclaims of all types is at your 
disposal. 


1 
l 
| 
| 
| 
| 
Consult our Technical Service Department on =| 
any of your requirements. We will be glad to | 
make recommendations. , 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 





MANUFACTURERS OF RECLAIMED RUBBER 
MAIN SALES OFFICE and FACTORY: BUTLER, N. J. 





—_——_—_—— eee — — — — -— — -- OO 














194 

















Gives high whiteness—with minimum loading 


TITANIUM DIOXIDE 


Save — through minimum loading — with UNITANE 0-220, CYANAMID 


yet get maximum whiteness in the bargain! The high opacity 
and clear color tone of this pigment give it maximum AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY 
whitening power; you load less, get better results! Pigm@nts Division 

30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N.Y 


22 als lj i > > . oO > Ss s , 
UNITANE 0-220 also eliminates some of the trouble spot Branch Offices ondVarchovses in Principal Cities 


in processing. It wets easily, is readily dispersible and 

is non-reactive with rubber chemicals. UNITANE 0-220 maintains 
its brilliancy throughout curing and aging, assuring a 
better-looking finished product with longer-lasting whiteness. 
For economy, easier processing and product improvement, 
specify UniTane 0-220. Just ask your Cyanamid Pigments 
representative for samples and full information. 


Why, 
Plane, “Mo 


WITH UNITANE 


mae pie 
shat , 








ESSEX 
ESSEX NS ORF 


for tire carcasses and sidewalls...V-belts, hose, footwear and rubber mounts 





MODULEX HMF 


tire carcasses, sidewalls, undertread and butyl tubes 


AROGEN GPF 


tire carcasses, sidewalls, mechanical goods 














for rubber reinforcing pigments, 
Think of HUBER 


J.M. HUBER CORPORATION 
100 Park Avenue + New York 17,N. Y. 


CARBON BLACKS + CLAYS - RUBBER CHEMICALS 


eke cians 
RUBBER / 








Rubber Age 


COVERING THE MANUFACTURE OF RUBBER AND AUGBERLIKE PLASTICS PRODUCTS 





Published Monthly by 
PALMERTON PUBLISHING CO., INC. 
Editorial and Advertising Offices 

101 West 31st St., 

New York 1, N. Y. 


PEnnsylvania 6-6872 


P. L. PALMERTON, President 
M. E. Lerner, Vice-Pres. & Trea 
E. D. Osporn, Secretary 
CHARLES T. JANSEN, Asst. Trea 





Star 6 
M. E. LERNER 
Editor and General Manage 
B. J. KOTSHER 
Associate Editos 
R,. K. WOODWARD 
Assistant Editor 
KENNETH T. CORELL 
Production Manager 
ELLA MAY DARRIN 
Circulation Manager 
CHARLES T. JANSEN 
Advertising Sales Manages 


* 
NEWS CORRESPONDENTS 
CARL S. HOGLUND 
5107 Telegraph Road 
Los Angeles 22, Calif 
Phone: Angelus 1-8136 


PHIL GLANZER 
223 Coldstream Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ont ” Car ada 
Phone: Mayfair 8181 


ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES 
New England 
F. ROYAL CAREY 
68 Shenandoah Road, War 
R. | Phone: Turner 4-9624 


Chicago 
LARRY M. LYONS 
549 West Washington St 
Chicago 6, Illinois 
Phone: Central 6-0545 





SUBSCRIPTION RATES 


US. Canada Other 
| Year $5.00 $5.50 $6.00 
2 Years 7.50 8 50 9.50 
3 Years 10.00 11.50 13.00 
Single copies (up to 3 months) 50c 
Single copies (over 3 months) 75c 








Cc @ WF  *F N T §& 


VOL. 80, NO. 3 DECEMBER, 1956 


Effects of Mixing Time on Properties Imparted to Rubber by 
Reinforcing Carbon Blacks—By I. Drogin 


157 


A presentation of useful information on the effects of mixin 
time on properties imparted by reinforcing carbon blacks to natu 
ral rubber, Enjay Butyl and butadiene-styrene rubber Dat 
is designed to aid those who must change rubber mixing 
Jue to increase in output and rate of process with no paral 
increase in available equipment. Extensive experiments with | 
masterbatches provide pertinent data The articl 


discussion of five different types of carbon black 


Electrical Stabilization of Conducting Neoprene Films 
By A. G. Sands and M, V. McDowell 


Discusses the effect of moisture on electrical properti 


ducting latex-cast films. A means of minimizing these eff 


' 


by a simple boiling-water treatment is offered. Adaptability 


plaster-of-paris as a practical material in forming molds is d 


scribed, as is the procedure in formulating and casting 


latex film 


REGULAR DEPARTMENTS 


Names in the News 
Canadian News New Equipment 
Chemical Prices New Goods 


Classified Ads Obituaries 
Overseas 


Book Rev iew s 


Coming Events 
Editorials Statistics 

Financial News West Coast News 

Markets *Appears every other month 


ylumes of R BBRER 
$13 North First St 
Industrial Arts Index and 


Contents Copyrighted 


piete 





The new Taylor FLEX-O-TIMER* Timed Program Controller gives 
greater precision than ever to the timing and coordination of auto- 
matic presses used for vulcanizing tires or any mechanical goods. 
Actuates switches, turns valves, and performs many other operations 
involving temperature, pressure, mechanical motion, electrical 


energy or any combinations of these. 


can save you money 


Taylor's FULSCOPE* Time-Schedule con- 
troller will repeat exactly any predeter- 
mined program involving temperature, 
pressure, flow or level, or any two of these. 
It controls rate of rise, hold periods, and 
rate of fall, in any desired sequence. Ideal- 
ly suited for any type of vulcanizer. 


making most any Rubber Product! 


Taylor's FULSCOPE Temperature Controller with Process 
liming mechanism controls temperature and curing time of 
cycle. Automatic timing does not start until set temperature is 
reached. Needs no manual attention until signal light announces 
completion of vulcanizing cycle. Ask your Taylor Field Engi- 
neer, or write: Taylor Instrument Companies, Rochester, N. Y., 
ind Toronto, Canada. 


aw 
Instruments for indicating, recording and 
controlling temperature, pressure, flow, liquid 
level, speed, density, load and humidity. 


TAYLOR NSTRUMENTS MEAN ACCURACY FIRST 


RUBBER A 





it Could Put Your Product in a New Light, Too 


a 

Ha Here is a development that may well put a product of yours in a 

zz completely new light or even inspire a totally new one. It’s the 
2 


tee substantial improvement made in the color of PLIOFLEX to give 
™ industry the best, complete line of nonstaining, non-discoloring 


rubbers currently available. 


The true significance of this new, light color of PLIOFLEX lies not 
hy by 


a 
Pliofilex in a mere product improvement, but in the opportunities it offers 


general purpose for new and wider uses of synthetic rubber. Now, with 
synthetic rubber ) , 

PLIOFLEX, designers and manufacturers can combine 

the resilience, flexibility, elasticity and other desir 

able properties of a true elastomer with the 

delicate colors so much in demand—and do so 


DIVISION at a reduced cost 


Why not learn more about the new, light color of 
RUBBER 4 4 
RUBBER CHEMICALS PLIOFLEX? Find out how it can help you to new or 
DEPARTMENT improved products by writing to: Goodyear, Chemical Division 


Dept. X-9419, Akron 16, Ohio 








SEALS OR GASKETS !’ ts that must di play outstandit rest ber ‘ 0 el, perform better when Hercules 


Di-Cuy the me cure I’ for polymer is used as the curin 


D)" FOR TOP RESISTANCE 
TO COMPRESSION SET 


Wherever low compression set, good aging, and — low volatility. In addition to producing vulcanizate 











good low-temperature properties are required, vet having low compression set, good aging, and re- 
atile new Hercules Di-cup (dicumy!| peroxide) Is sistance to solvents and oils, Di-cup enables you to 
the ideal curing agent produce whiter white stoc ks which have good color 

Seals and gaskets, however, are only one of the retention. Silicones in thick cross section cured 
many categories of products for which this non- with Di-cup are free of gas bubbles and acidi: 
sulfur vulcanizing agent has an indicated usefulness. by produc ts. 

By producing carbon-to-carbon cross linking, lo learn more about this nonsulfur curing 
Di-cup can be used to advantage as a curing agent. write to Hercules. We'll be glad to send you 
agent in natural rubber, GR-S, Buna N, silicones, technical data and information on currently avail- 
polyethylene and many othet polymers. able commercial forms. 


| CoOnomb il to tise [i ‘ up isa stable pe roxide ol 


Oxychemicals Division, Naval Stores Department 
HERCULES POWDER COMPANY 


918 Market St., Wilmington 99, De 











UP-BC adhesive system 


SCCOSESCSSESESCESESCEEEEEEEE 


for perfect vulcanized bonding 


of Butyl rubbers to metals! 


TY-PLY UP-—the universal Primer, and TY-PLY "y P-RC” 


TY-PLY BC, the Butyl Cover Cement, two-coat Adhesive System for bonding 


; . Natural Rubber and GR-S Compounds 
give exceptional bonds of Butyl 


tas ee bk] 
compounds to metals regardless of cure TY-PLY Q or 3640 


the single coat Adhesive for bonding 
system or type and amount of filler. Natural and GR-S§ Compounds. 


TY-PLY BC alone is an excellent adhesive TY-PLY “BN” 


for the vulcanized bonding of cured for bonding N-types 


and uncured Butyl rubbers to various TY-PLY a 


types of elastomeric compounds. for bonding Neoprene 


TY-PLY will adhere most vulcanizable rubber compounds to 
almost any clean metal surface 


2¥\\ MARBON CHEMICAL 


Marbon 
wil 5 oe. Division of BORG-WARNER CORPORATION 


VV GARY, INDIANA 


TY-PLY has stood the test of time... since ’39 


DECEMBER, 1956 





x12 MILL 


allows you to make more 
profit on short orders, 








Features include: 
* Rugged heavy duty 


construction 


* Feed hoppers 
* Day Hydra-Set as op- 
tional equipment 


increa 


DAY | 4x8 LAB MILL 


saves time because you 

get the answers quickly 

and accurately, 

Features include: 

* Either fixed or floating 
roll operation 

* Quick release hand- 
wheel adjustments 

® Floor or bench model 


‘owuwnwee 


m mixung equipment 


THE J. H. DAY COMPANY 


4932 BEECH ST., MORWOOD, CINCINNATI 12, OHIO 


your profits thr 


Ce ee ee aes ee 


PRODUCTION MIL! 


saves time and money by vir 
tually eliminating “downtime”, 
because of precision engineered, 
rugged construction. 
* Available in 10 x 22 and 
14 x 30 sizes 
* All standard production mills 
are readily converted to either 
fixed or floating roll operation 
* Day Hydra-Set available as 
optional equipment 


means longer life span 


Divisten ef Clevelead Avtemeati«c Machine Compeny 


{ 


Mexico: T. de la Pena e Hijos, $.A., Nazas 45-A, Mexico — | 


baking, pair 


pu 


Ways 


Letters 
to the editor 


Classifying Butyl Rubber 


Dear Su 
Your ed ial in the September 
RuspBER AGE was very mucl 
ated. It is always pleasant to lear: 
people notice the work which an 
zation or a group of individuals 
During the World War II perio« 
rue that butyl was originally consi 
pecial purpose synthetic 7 
ourse, as you will also appreciate, 
longer a tact 
|, unlike the Buna N’s, ° 


neoprene, can be used it 


ut 


tions where natural rubber 
wut an increase 
do this, butyl has 
mpounded and the kno 
r butyl has to be develoy 
experience is gained, hr 
do man of the jobs ! 
natural rubber or 
a bonus ol 
ind many other 
inherent in but 
illustration of buty 
im he general purpose held 
teady growth in the wide variets 
ransport Use \ yea!’ and a 
than 10 percent of the butyl c 
went into non-transport itet 
this figure approaches 30 percent 
the same volume sales going into the 
transport items and this market ts 
ing steadily 
We, therefore, believe that the 
of butyl is in the general purpose 
natural and synthetic rubber an 
butyl should be properly classified 
general purpose polymer 
W. H. Peterson 
Butyl Division 
knjay Co., In 


New York 19, N. ¥ 


And Again on Tubeless 


Dear Sit 

Re Mr. Shively’s (Nov.) an 
Richard’s (Sept.) replies to my ce 
m tubeless tres, they both seen 
missed the point of my original letter 
pointed out that a lot of my friend 
well as garage men, police troopers 
other salesmen and people I meet in 
travels have been unsold after pers 
mishaps with tubeless tires, and that 
lar troubles had happened to me 
tire failures result directly fro 
tires alter years of trouble-free 
from conventional tires 

Che dithculties | pointed out aren't | 
by any means After you publishe I 
letter in your July issue, readet 
(British) Rubber Journal wrote 
editor, commenting on my lette 
and confirming just what I said 
insist that the tire companies ows 
their customers to do something ab 


this situation other than try to adjust eac 


BBER AGE 





2 brushing methods simplify and 
improve the preparation of worn, 
heavy-duty tire casings for retread. 


N lif 
Cw | e As the casing revolves on its holder, a 


special 12” Osborn wire brush chews away 


* 
fay tires all old, worn rubber . . . leaves the evenly 


roughened, uniform surface essential to a 


; / goo 1 recap ing. 
fires, °°" 


An Osborn Brushing Analysis, made 
right in your plant, will show how power 
brushing can improve and speed up many 
cleaning and finishing operations. Write 
The Osborn Manufacturing Company, Dept. ]-8 


iOl Hamilton Avenu leveland 14, Oh 








\ 
O BRUSHING METHODS -e« POWER, PAINT AND MAINTENANCE GRUSHES 


SBOR™ 
SBOR® BRUSHING MACHINES #*© FOUNDRY MOLDING MACHINES 





situation here isn’t a. tire 
going that isn’t having trouble wit! 
less tires 
knows it 

If the tire bovs still want te 
let them consider this fact, resultir 
questions asked of several loca 
tation operators in the Met 
irea: One third of the tubeless 


e on cars of regular custor 


tubes in them! 


NAME WITHHELD 


More Help Wanted 


ive us some specih 
suspension otf wood 
ground particles 


Rubber Co 


ippreciate knowin 


molded sponge 


ire interested in dat 
he formulation and 
rubber 
CHUNG ( 
Nan Yung Rubber Products ( 
1, Lane 418, An Tung St., 
Paipei, Taiwan, Free China 


Would you be kind enoug 

gest sources of supply for a knife spread 

er or similar device for hot melts a 

small mixer to compound small bate] 
VERN BAKER 

418 East Broad St 

Elyria, Ohio 

S 2. te 


st ae Af CA Peer “te 7 . . 
Patt! Vigo O44 $4 Fri ty tons iim 
SEES AEST NAt Can you give me_ the 








supphers of small rubber mol 
can be used in casting anin 

High quality compounds, for wire and comic 
cable, extruded products, mechanical Dr. JoHN 


goods, and other applications. 4 ne =~ " ° 
cnaers¢ ‘ 


characters, et 


D. Ha 


Phe is¢ let me know wl 


* Accurately mixed rac "4 (Ol = strip rubbe: 
fabric remtorces 





* Tailor-made exactly to PO eae es de a . 
specifications 129 Duane Si 
w York 13, N. ¥ 
Now Avaliable as: 
PELLETS * DICED * POWDER ig. WE Pad I Vho makes a cloth-inserte 
". cit eo ¥ . : can be fabricated 


Write Dept. A’ for complete de!ails irgical device 


1401 








ee 


” = © Vinyl Plasticizer Memo from the Editor 
@ Vinyl Compound 

° CARY n Chec , ' itor" co 

# id] C GAR F = a © bs best g Wo The ‘'Letters to the Editor’ columns 

} . ee bd cemtus ° ae are open to all of our readers and 

f { P.O. BOX 1128, NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY . Polat we invite comments for publication. 


PRODUCTS 
RYDERS LANE, MILLTOWN, NEW JERSEY nies 


art ‘4 Rerees 0-0088, Address: Editor, RUBBER AGE, 10! 
ca West 3ist St., New York |, N. Y. 











Canadian Representative: Lewis Specialties, Ltd., 1179 Decarie Bivd., Montreal 9, Que 





Neville Announces 
Nevastain A 


A New Non-Staining Rubber Antioxidant 
with Superior Characteristics 


able and attractively priced. Use the coupon 
below to write for Technical Service Report 


No. 45. 
Neville Chemical Company, Pittsburgh 25, Pa. 


excellent non-staining, 


with 


Nevastain A is an 
non-discoloring antioxidant 
volatility and good stability. Synthetic and 
natural rubber compounds using Nevastain 


very low 


A have superior physical characteristics over 


those containing competitive non-staining 
antioxidants. Among its virtues are that it 
does not retard vulcanization, does not have 
an accelerating effect and does not bloom 
uncured or cured stock when used in normal 
quantities. This new product is being pro- 
duced on a plant scale and is readily avail 


Resins—Coumarone-indene, Heat Reac 
tive, Phenol Modified Coumarone-Indene, 
Petroleum, Alkylated Phenol e Oills— 
Shingle Stain, Neutral, Plasticizing, Rub- 
ber Reclaiming © Solvents —2-50 W Hi- 
Flash, Wire Enamel Thinners 


Please send Technical Service Report No. 45 


NAME 


TITLE 


COMPANY 


ADDRESS 


CITY 


DECEMBER, 1956 


NC 10 RA STATE 





Titan Se 


om never get a wrong number 


when you use TITANOX—that is, in your 


line of plastie products. 


As whitening, brightening and opacify- 
ing agents, nothing can surpass TITANOX 
titanium pigments for adding eye-appeal 
to plastics. Titanium Pigment Corpo- 
ration (subsidiary of National Lead 
Company), 111 Broadway, New York 
6, N. Y.; Atlanta 5; Boston 6; Chicago 
3; Cleveland 15; Houston 2; Los Angeles 
22; Philadelphia 3; Pittsburgh 12; Port- 
land 14, Ore.; San Francisco 7. In Can- 
ada: Canadian Titanium Pigment 


Limited, Montreal 2; Toronto 1. 





for the greatest 
power in the 


smallest space Ae 


Bolling No. 10 
Mixer, 450 h. p 
with compound 


among 
STEWART BOLLING 


features are: Your production program demands that you look 


into the advantages of Bolling Spiral-Flow Inten- 


Spiral-Flow sides to give sive Mixers. They are powered with Bolling’s sen- 


exceptional temperature 
control. 


Split end frames for un- 
rivalled accessibility. 


Anti-friction bearings 
needing less power—and 
others. 


Tuguinre about them 


sational compound drives which transmit power 
directly to both rotors. All external gearing is 
eliminated. Applications which call for double the 
usual power output are readily solved. Higher 
rotor speeds and chamber pressures improve dis- 
persion and cut mixing time. You get maximum 
power in much less space. 

Designed for tomorrow's speeds and pressures, 


Stewart Bolling mixer drives are ready to go to 
work for you today. We offer four production sizes 


* 
+ 
. 
7 
> 
7 
. 
. 
. 
e 
. 
. 
> 
. 
. 
a” 
a 
o 
* 
* 
s 
a 
7. 
7 
. 
. 
- 
. 
> 
+ 


and a practical laboratory size. 





GB) STEWART BOLLING & COMPANY, ING. (¢ eaumsun' untae caitaiD 





GE, DECEMBER, 1956 





Are you measuring 


all the muscles 


in your base fabrics? 


Fabric breaking strength is frequently 
given too much importance, when it 
is just one of at least seven kinds 

of strength that contribute to 


end-product performance! 


Over-emphasis on one kind of strength can give a misleading picture 
of how a fabric-reinforced plastic or rubber product will behave 
Depending on end use, the impact, shear, flex, tear, burst or stitch 
strength can be just as decisive as breaking strength. All togethe: 
they permit a much more dependable estimate of product capabilities 

When your base fabric is one of the many prov ided by Wellington 
Sears for coating, laminating, combining and rubberizing, you know 
that its strength and all other properties have been considered in the 
light of your specific need. And moreover you know that a century 
of experience Is working for you, to anticipate and help solve your 


working-fabric problems. 

New Booklet Now Ready! Write Dept. G12 for “Fabrics Plus” 
W. i Fi FIRST In Fabrics For Industry 
CHINGTION SCQPS . 0 ccm gy 


Wellington Sears Co.,65 Worth St., New York 13, N. Y.« Atlanta « Boston « Chicago « Dallas « Detroit « LosAngeles « Philadelphia * San Francisco « St. Louis 








Tu whatever manner you travel aud ta whatever WAY YIU Go 
may the tracl tuto the holidays and the year that lies ahead 
lead you uta feathways that are happy and prosperous 


e 
vaagt 


INC. 


UNITED CARBON COMPANY, 


: 
4 

















Kosmos 35 (GPF), general purpose fur- 
nace, is a remarkably versatile black with 
properties streamlined in keeping with to- 
day's demands. 


Kosmos 35 was purposely developed to 
provide the easy mixing, fast processing, 
and increased reinforcement normally de- 
rived from the use of more than one type 
black. 


Kosmos 35 has also other desirable fea- 
tures, such as high resiliency, low heat 
build-up, good flex resistance, and of course 
exceptional uniformity. 


United blacks are quality blacks com- 
manding confidence everywhere because 
they do such an excellent job. 


For product recognition, specify United. 
You stand to gain so much. 


UNITED CARBON COMPANY, INC. 


A subsidiary of United Carbon Company 


CHARLESTON 27, WEST VIRGINIA 


NEW YORK AKRON CHICAGO 
BOSTON LOS ANGELES MEMPHIS 


IN CANADA: CANADIAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED 





Is it possible to get new machine 
performance in a rebuilt Banbury? 


Yes...when the manufacturer 
makes the repairs. Here’s why: 


As the sole manufacturer of the Ban- 
bury mixer for thirty-six years, Farrel- 
Birmingham is the only company with 
the complete knowledge and facilities 
required to return a worn machine to 
its original work capacity. What's more, 
a Banbury rebuilt by F-B benefits from 
a product-improvement program that 
has been carried on since manufacture 
of these mixers began. Improved mate- 
rials and a number of modern design 
features can now be incorporated into a 
machine being rebuilt to make it even 
better than when first built. 

Farrel-Birmingham is the only com- 
pany with blueprints showing the orig- 
inal dimensions for everyone of the 775 
parts comprising a Banbury mixer. 
This is essential information for cor- 
rect, precise rebuilding work. When a 
part is worn, blueprints show F-B en- 
gineers just how much rebuilding is 
required to return the part to its orig- 
inal size, contour and work efficiency. 

Farrel-Birmingham is the only com- 
pany having the jigs, fixtures and 
gauges necessary for satisfactory re- 
pairs. 242 pieces of a new Banbury have 
to be machined, calling for a total of 
882 operations to finish. 

Every Banbury mixer that leaves the 
Farrel shop after rebuilding carries a 
new machine guarantee. This provides 
assurance that the rebuilt machine will 


be “as good as new” when it is re- 
turned to service. 

So, when you need Banbury repairs 
or rebuilding, make sure you get the 
kind of job that will give you new 
Banbury performance—maximum serv- 
ice continuity, 

Call the Farrel-Birmingham office 
nearest you, 


FARREL-BIRMINGHAM COMPANY, INC. 
ANSONIA, COWN., (REgent 4-333)) 

AKRON 8, OHIO, 2710 First National Tower (POrtage 2-887!) 
CHICAGO 43, ILL., 10725 South Western Ave. (PRescott 9-3421) 
LOS ANGELES 21, CAL., 2032 Santa Fe Ave. (LUdlow 5-3017) 
HOUSTON 2, TEXAS, 860A M&M Building (CApitos 2-6242) 
FAYETTEVILLE, WN. C., P.O. Box 3157 (3-0353) 

FB-1094 

a 

Fan, | 


o 





This cross-section cutaway, enlarged at left, 
reveals the secret strength in a deluxe U.S. 
Rubber Company tire made at Chicopee Falls, 
Mass. T'wenty-four turns of high carbon wire 
such as made by Johnson give the tire’s inner 
edges a firm anchor to an auto wheel rim. 


Johnson Wire Used For... 


A Tire’s Hidden Muscles 


U.S. Rubber Demands Best 


United States Rubber Company’s big 
Chicopee Falls (Mass.) plant is ‘“‘tire 
technology” in action. And if there 
isn’t such a term as tire technology, 
there should be. 

This special type of knowledge has 
kept automobile tires apace with auto 
motive advances of the past 40 years 
As American automobiles became heavy 
ier, stronger, speedier and more power 
ful, the tires they moved on developed 
new ruggedness and versatility 

Back in 1916, for example, the aver 
age auto weighed roughly 1,500 pounds 
An average weight today might be in 
the 3,500-pound range, more than dou 
ble 

Tire carcass strength today is 
twice that of 40 years ago. 

Blue-chip tiremakers like U.S. Rub 
ber will tell you of the many factors 
behind today’s tougher tires. Some of 
them are visible in the finished tire 
like improved design and better tread 
patterns. The invisible improvements 

made possible by closer quality con 
trol, more efficient production machin- 
ery, better basic materials, such as 
the steel wires in the tires—all have 
contributed to producing more durable 
tires. 

U.S. Rubber applies all these factors 


at its Chicopee plant, the largest tire 
plant east of the Alleghenies. Chicopee 
can turn out a new automobile tire 
every four seconds of a working day. 

First step in making a tire is “‘wiring 
it for strength.’ This strength comes 


from the steel tire bead in the edge of 


each tire. A special high-carbon steel 
wire—-about ! inch in diameter—is 
rubber coated and wound into a coil 
containing as few as three or up to 
hundreds of continuous turns. The 
number of turns in a bead is deter- 
mined by the end usage the tire is to get. 
At U.S. Rubber, the number of turns 
for an automobile tire would range from 
16 to 24, depending on the grade of tire. 
For one tire size, approximately 146 
feet of wire are used per tire. 

The coated wire is wound into the 
bead and a tape-like covering is applied 
to keep the coil solid. The bead is then 


incorporated into each inner edge of 


the tire, giving strength to the tire wall 
while serving as a practically unbreak- 
able anchor holding the tire against 
the wheel’s rim. 

Because bead failure means tire fail- 
ure, U.S. Rubber insists upon the finest 
in bead wire. That’s why Johnson Steel 
& Wire Company, Inc., has developed 
into a major bead wire supplier to the 


in Bead Wire 


Chicopee plant over the 25 years. 

U.S. Rubber maintains rigid stand- 
ards to insure getting wire of uniformly 
high quality. An order for wire or any 
other tire material is never placed until 
U.S. Rubber’s quality control techni- 
cians have run complete quality tests. 

In everyday operations, one in every 
10 of the 600-pound reels Johnson ships 
to Chicopee is completely tested for ten- 
sile strength, elongation and straight- 
ness. 

Johnson meets U.S. Rubber’s speci- 
fications which, in part, call for wire 
that: 

e Presents a clean, unbroken sur- 
face. 

e Has a good and uniform bronze 
finish. Variation in the bronze coating 
could cause wire to freeze to a die. A 
poor coating also could affect the tight 
adhesion between the wire and rubber 
surrounding it. Unless this adhesion is 
maintained, the wire could exercise an 
extrusion effect which would fatally 
damage the tire. 

e Meets required breaking weight 
standards. A single strand of !4-inch 
tire bead wire has to exceed 285 pounds 
of breaking strength. This is equivalent 
to a tensile strength minimum of 
275,000 pounds per square inch. 








After each bead is tape-wrapped to hold the individual turns 
firmly, the bead gets a close inspection. By making a bead 
of one wire, the number of wire ends in a bead is reduced. 


Six tire beads get their start in this machine in the Chicopee 
plant. Individual wires get a rubber coating here before 
being coiled into beads, 


Two other standards U.S. Rubber 
has set apply to packaging and deliv- 
ery. 

In fact, Johnson’s delivery and 
service are among the factors 
permitting the Chicopee plant to 
operate on a minimum four-day 
inventory for tire bead wire. 

That’s important because U.S, Rub- 
ber, like other tiremakers, must be 
cost-conscious. ““This is a highly com- 
petitive business,” says C. J. Allen, 
veteran purchasing agent at Chicopee, 
“and we've got to watch every cost 
right down to the mill.” 

U.S. Rubber figures it has held the 
line since 1931 in the cost to the motor- 
ist for every thousand miles driven. 
The figure 25 years ago was $4 for 
every thousand miles driven and it’s 
still the same, even though the dollar 
is worth only half as much today and 
tire quality is twice that of 1931. 

One of the means U.S. Rubber has 
followed to establish this achievement 
is through its insistence upon quality 
materials. You can have the benefit of 
this same advantage, if you use spe- * 
cialty wires. Johnson has a full sicataie Johnson Steel A Wire Company, Inc. 
of the finest available specialty wires, Wheenteteee 8. Miatnadinntin 
as well as the engineering skill and ex- ~s ies 
verience required to match the proper oye . 
aaa to f ecipamcetr you make. si, a subsidiary of Pittsburgh Steel Company 

Whether it be wire for brushes, air- Grant Building P Pittsburgh 30, Pa 
craft, bobby pins, high-strength springs, . ; 
textile cards, reinforced rubber hoses or a on ae Oe ee 
tires, you can depend on Johnson. District Sales Offices 
There’s full technical assistance wait- Atlanta Columbus Detroit New York 
ing at any of the sales offices listed wes al mee ay wn eabe ~~ sooo 


It takes thousands of wire beads to meet daily production needs of U.S. Rubber 
at Chicopee, largest tire plant east of the Alleghenies. 


ladelphia 


below. OR en Se 








Looking for a New Way or 


a New Kind of Machine? 


@ There are several ways to reduce plastic operations .. . no others. Naturally, 


processing costs .. . combine some of your all of our personnel are rubber and plastic 


operations; eliminate the dollars frozen by specialists. We understand yields; how 


material-in-process inventory; develop as much it should cost to make a product; and 


,' P w i . 
much of a continuous operation as possible; nat Kind of equipment you need 
We build special machinery for spe- 


or cut down on rejects and scrap. 
P cial jobs. We continually design and build 


These are big assignments. We know, machines which have never been designed 
because we make our living doing just that or built before. If you want a plan tor 
for manufacturers and processors of rubber improving your manufacturing costs, write 
and plastic. us. Doing things differently for a profit — 


We specialize only on rubber and yours and ours — is our business 


Sales and Engineering by 


Improving Costs of HALE and KULLGREN, ING. 


Manufacturing P.O. Box 1231 » AKRON, OHIO 


MANUFACTURED BY 


THE AETNA-STANDARD ENGINEERING CO., PITTSBURGH, PA. 


PLANTS IN WARREN, OH/O . ELLWOOD CITY. PA 


is Our Business 





LBS 
TITANIUM 
DIOXIDE 


Try A-420 in any of your white or light- 
colored rubber products and you will find it most 
versatile. A-420 provides excellent results in a 
wide range of uses—from colorful drug sundries 
to white sidewalls that stay white 


A-420 provides excellent whitening power 


A-420 incorporates and disperses easily in 
any elastomer 

A-420 disperses readily in latex and, because 
of low salts content, does not interfere with 


stability 

A-420 imparts excellent dynamic flex-crack 
resistance in white sidewalls 

A-420 retains its brilliant whiteness under all 
types of service conditions 


Our sales representative in your area will be 
glad to discuss with you the use of A-420, and 
also specific applications where you can use to 
advantage some of the other Horse Head anatase 
and rutile grades. 





In light or 
black extrusions— 


tae 


~ Millical’ gives you 
better “‘body,’’ 
faster cycle 


Looking for an easy mixing pigment that will stop 
extruded stock from sagging and collapsing 

in open steam cures? DiamMonp’s Millical provides 
a nonporous excellent “body,” due to its fine 


particle size (1 micron), particle shape and uniformity. 


Diamonp recommends Millical as a primary 
filler in rubber floor tile, synthetic rubber shoe soles 


molded mechanical goods, tubing—anything, 


~~ 2. 
Retin. 1D Esbeat ric | light or dark, needing higher shore hardness 
AiR ALD 


in Ol els) aebletaett— 


' Millical produces smooth extrusions. It 


than ground limestone can provide. 


calenders very well and improves tensile and 
tear properties It ‘will speed up your curing 


evcle and boost produc won 


Call your nearby D1AMOND representative today 

for information and technical help on Millical 

and other high-grade calcium carbonates 

Or write Diamonp ALKALI COMPANY, 

100 Union Commerce Building, Cleveland 14, Ohio 





To help meet the increasing Current Polymers 


Coid Ciass 


world-wide demand for synthetic rubber, 4886 {509 = Staining 


ASRC 1502 Non-staining 
Cold Oil 


the production capacity of ASRC ASRC 1703 —Non-staining 


ASRC 1708 Non-staining 
Hot 


18 being expanded by 50% . ASRC 1000 Staining 
ASRC 1001 Slightly staining 
‘ ASRC 1004 Staining 
ASRC 1006 Non-staining 


AMERICAN SYNTHETIC RUBBER CORPORATION 
Plant and General Offices: Louisville, Kentucky « Executive and Sales Offices: 500 5th Ave., New York 36, N. Y. 
Cable: AMSYNRUB NEWYORK 














1) f ' Hit i ——eerate 
LA AACE TEAM 
mo A mi | 
OULU, DUN NUU WOU UNE OUUU 


Let AKRON STANDARD Help You 
Step Up Your Production Efficiency! 





/éc akron 


1624 Englewood Ave. 














mold company 


“THE ESTABLISHED MEASURE OF VALUE” 





Mr. CLimco 
ee 


“CLIMCO LINERS 


separate perfectly 


from 
the stock” 


Stock adhesions at any point in production 
mean time lost and extra expense. You can 
avoid such headaches by using Climco 
Processed liners that can be readily peeled 
from the stock without sticking. 


Climco Processing of your liners assures 
many other profitable advantages: Liner life 
is greatly increased, tackiness of the stock 
is preserved, and gauges are more easily 
maintained. Latitude in compounding is 
enlarged, lint and ravelings are eliminated 
and horizontal storage is facilitated. 


Since 1922 Climco Processed Liners have 
proved their worth to the rubber industry. 
Give them a trial in your plant. 


THE CLEVELAND LINER & MFG. CO. 
5508 Maurice Ave. « Cleveland 27, Ohio, U.S.A. 


ILLUSTRATED Cable Address: “BLUELINER” 
LINER BOOKLET 


Tells all about Climco Liv «7s 
and Linerette and how to get 
better service from liners. 
Write for your copy now. 


LIN 


ERE 
INTERLEA ne ry 


PROCESSED LINERS 
Serving the Industry Since 192] 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER 





LIFUTCL 
ALCL LS) 


Season’s Greetings and best wishes for the 


ane 


WITCO CHEMICAL COMPANY 


122 East 42nd Street, New York 17, N.Y. 


Associated Companies: 


16 Years of Growth 


Ultra Chemical Works, Inc. Continental Carbon Company 
Emulsol Chemical Corporation Pioneer Products Division 














Add life to your product... 
put GO in your production—with 


Do you make rubber soles, floor 
tile, other rubber products that 
have to stand up against wear 
and tear? You can get faster, eas- 
ier production with Solka-Floc! 

You can get these benefits too: 
Reduced blistering and nerve... 
controlled shrinkage... high di- 
mensional stability...sharper 


designs... harder, smoother sur- 














fates. And Solka-Floc, a finely 
divided wood pulp, will solve 
your dispersion difficulties... put 
sales appeal in your products — 


with the last word in economy! 


SOLKA-FLOC 


Let us show you how. Write 


us about your specific process 
problems. Address Dept. GF-1 2, 
Brown Company, 150 Causeway 


Street, Boston 14, Massachusetts. 


® 





emicals, Inc. 


"pol. 


“the preferred rubber” 
helps brake cups 
beat the heat 


HE going’s rough inside automotive 
hydraulic brake assemblies. 
Repeated flexing and searing fluids 
spell fast destruction for ordinary 
brake cup materials. 

Not so for the new type brake cups 
shown here! The engineers who 
designed them picked Ameripol 
man-made rubber for a material that 
stands up to the demanding 
requirements. 

Designers specify Ameripol as the 
“preferred rubber” for an ever- 
broadening array of products... 
ranging from tire treads and typewriter 
rolls to shoe soles and conveyor covers 

Let us put the preferred rubber... 


Ameripol ... to work for you. 


Ot Cg 
Polymers 
. 
Cold Ov-Extended 
Polymers 


. 
Hot Non- Oil 
Polymers 


Goodrich-Gulf Chemicals, Inc. 


4121 Euclid Avenue + Cleveland 15, Ohio 


THE NAME TO REMEMBER FOR QUALITY BACKED BY YEARS OF RESEARCH AND EXPERIENCE 











est position ever to supply 


WHITE PIGMENT NEEDS! 


One source can meet your complete white 
pigment requirements. Specify Glidden, 
supplier of these pigments to indus- 
try: ZOPAQUE Titanium Dioxide, 
SUNOLITH Lithopones and EUSTON 
White Lead. These three pigments meet 


practically all formulations for plastic, 
paint, rubber, paper and ceramic prod- 
ucts. Continuing Glidden expansion and 
modernization now make it possible to 
produce greater supplies of pigments than 
ever before! 


THE GLIDDEN COMPANY 


CHEMICALS— PIGMENTS 


METALS DIVISION 


=>>SSSSSS> + -<eece 
ZOPAQUE TITANIUM DIOXIDE 


Production doubled; 
further expansion underway 


dier2 | 


The new Adrian Joyce Works, Balti- 


more, means doubled production of 


ZO PAQUE—the whitest white pigment 
obtainable. In ZOPAQUE, Glidden re- 
search has achieved greater whiteness 
and an accelerated dispersion rate plus 
outstanding gloss and color retention, 
low reactivity. Rutile and Anatase grades. 


SUNOLITH LITHOPONES 


Modernized plant facilities 
increase efficiency 


Improved facilities and processing effi- 
ciency at its Collinsville, Illinois plant, 
enable Glidden to meet the steady de- 
mand for SUNOLITH Lithopones.. . 
available in a wide range of grades, in- 
cluding Titanolith (titanated lithopone) 
with higher hiding value than regular 
lithopones. 


BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 
COLLINSVILLE, ILLINOIS 
HAMMOND, INDIANA 
SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA 
OL 


a, See. . 


EUSTON WHITE LEAD 
Highest quality basic 
lead carbonate available 


Continuous research and development 
at Euston Lead Division, Scranton, 
Pennsylvania, produce white lead of 
KUSTON 


absorption 


highest purity and quality 
White Lead 
than other white pigments. Finer, more 
uniform particles assure rapid solution, 
exceptional suspension 


has lower oil 


Various grades, 








I you cut crude rubber bales in your 
plant--regardless of how you do it--it 
will definitely pay you to find out how 
the new and improved Holmes Crude 
Rubber Bale Cutter can save your time 
..increase your production...and... 
decrease your costs. Engineered for top 
performance--it is also designed to 
provide the utmost safety for the oper- 
e ator. What does it cost? You'll be surprised 
at its unusually low cost, 


WRITE OR WIRE FOR SPECIFIC DETAILS--regard- \\\ 
less of your porticular requirements. With 52 \\\ 
years know-how specializing in machinery and \\ 
molds for the rubber industry--Holmes con help \\ 
yeu solve your problems, too, just as they have for \\ 
30 many others. No obligation, of course. 


WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED FOLDER--TODAY \ 


Stanley H. Company 


3300 WEST LAKE STREET * CHICAGO 24, ILLINOIS 





Another coating problem 
solved by Borden... 





versatile Plastisol finish gives industrial gloves 
iron-hand strength with kid-glove comfort 


Ww" N the Plasticote Glove Co. of Milwaukee, Wis. perfected 
their well-known industrial gloves, they used a Plastisol 
surface coating developed by Borden that helped provide oil, 
chemical and abrasion resistance, long wear, and flexible, 
comfortable use 

rhe wide variety of qualities Plasticote found in Borden’s 
Plastisols might help you with your needs, as well. They're easy 
to handle, won't freeze, are unusually stable in storage, contain 
no volatile materials, and have remarkable aging properties. 
What’s more, they have excellent heat stability and are non- 
flammable. And, of course, the exact degree of toughness, flexi- 
bility, and abrasion and chemical resistance you need will be 
compounded to your specifications by Borden engineers. 

Plastisol coatings are but one more example of Borden’s wide 
experience as specialty compounders in the industrial coating 
and adhesive fields. If you have a product that may be developed 
or improved through use of the right resin emulsion, solution, 
or hot melt for adhesive bases, binders, coatings, sizes and 


saturants, take advantage of Borden’s experience. If time is of 


the essence phone us and we'll have a technical representative 
at your plant within 48 hours, The Borden Company, Resinous- 
Reslac Department RA-126, Foster Street, Peabody, Mass. 
In Chicago: Resinous-Reslac Department, 3634 W. 38th Street, 
Chicago 32, Illinois. In Canada: American Resinous Chemicals 
of Canada, Ltd., 20 Trent Street, Toronto, Canada. 


RESIN EMULSIONS, SOLUTIONS, HOT MELTS FOR ADHESIVE BASES, 
BINDERS, COATINGS, SIZES AND SATURANTS 


RESINOUS-RESLAC DEPARTMENT 


~~ Fey lag oo 


CHEMICAL DIVISION 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 195 


4 











NY CU ereree 





v7 











MOTORS are 
“double protected’: 


New Integrated Field Coils Plus Silco-Flex 
Stator Insulation Provide Superior Motor Protection... 
Under Any Operating Conditions 


Integrated Field Coils are bonded in heat -stabilized 
resins, enclosed in a resin-impregnated sheath of oriented 
. glass fibers and bond-locked on the pole structur di 
mensionally stable to withstand heating and thermal shock 
vibration and fatigue at elevated temperatures sealed 
throughout against atmospheric contaminants and fully 


protected against destructive forces 


Wiieendlsautiiiciled) provides a homogeneous, void-free 


insulating wall of silicone rubber on stator coil It is un 





excelled in life and thermal stability at high temperature 





resistant to most chemicals, water, weather outstanding 
ie in flexibility and resilience . able to withstand abrasion 
> and corona . resistant to physical and mechanical force 
74 
As Exclusive Allis-Chalmers For more information on these 
b ‘‘double protection” is avail quality insulation systems contact 
pei: able on large electrical machines your neart A-(’ office, or write 
with operating temperature Allis-Chalme Power Equipment 
through Class B range Division, Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin 
for Integrated Field Coil Bulletin 
O5R8525 and Silco-Flex Insulation 
Sulletin OORS34 
we Allis-Chalme Double Protectior with integrated field coils and 5 > Flex 
ae stator coil insulation. adapts this 600-hp. 2300-volt, 600-rem synct 


motor fo the most severe operating conditions 





ryvone at 


C.PHall G 


Vianufacturers 


Wishes you 


p 
-s ( gum wm 


at Christmas-lime, and 


JV HOA ore 
Ye 


throughout the 


New Year 


LLRON, OHIO 





STANDARD Makes multiple die cuts with 


AND HEAVY DUTY 
ROLLER DIE CUTTER 
molded rubber goods. 


inexpensive steel rule dies, 


fast and accurately. Trims 





LEVELING & 
SPLITTING 
MACHINE 

(Table Type) 

This machine is 
ideal for fabri- 
cating cushioning 
and seating stock, 
including plastic 
materials; also 
for leveling ma- 
terials before 
splitting. 


You name tne material and the chances are that 
FEMCO'S special machines will die cut, trim, 
shape or split it. Polyvinyl chloride foams (pvc), 
polyurethane, plastics, Fiberglas, rubberized hair, 
cork, cellulose sponge, wood fiber, latex and 
bonded foams are some of the stocks on which 
FEMCO Splitters, Roller Die Cutters and Cushion 
Cutters are setting production records for scores 
of satisfied companies whom we have served for 


years. 


Call or write for facts and quotations. Send us 
your own particular stock for test cutting in our 
laboratory and a full report without obligation. 


FOAM RUBBER SPLITTER 
Splits materials from rolls, 
slabs or sheets to !/,"" thick 
ness, even thinner in some 
cases. Speed variable de 
pending upon material. 


“LLS ENGINEERING 
AND MACHINE CO. 


1734 FRONT ST., CUYAHOGA FALLS, O. 





‘ 5 


7 ERIE FOUNDRY HYDRAULIC PRESSES 
for MOLDING RUBBER 
ond PLASTICS 


Hydraulic presses, designed and built by Erie Foundry 
Company are precision presses in every sense of the 
word... tonnages are accurate and precisely applied, 
platen temperatures are closely controlled, and molding 
cycles perform at split second timing. Erie Foundry 
Hydraulic Presses are flexible too... readily adaptable 
to almost any molding job. Write for complete infor- 
mation on these presses or on the complete line of 
Erie Foundry rubber and plastic hydraulic presses. 





TRANSFER and 
COMPRESSION MOLDING PRESS 


A flexible press for both compression and 
transfer molding is this 200 ton self-con- 
tained semi-automatic Erie press. This 
machine is equipped with a 55 ton trans- 
fer cylinder which can be timed separately 
from the main ram, as well as knock out 
cylinders on the bolster and a mechanical 
knock out for the top mold. Automatic 
cycling can be easily arranged to mold 
almost any product. 


STRAIN PLATE PRESS for : HOT PLATEN 


MINIMUM DEFLECTION | PRESS OF 
The platens stay par- ECONOMICAL 


allel within .002” on ' = DESIGN 


this 314 ton press 


built of low-stress This 800 ton press is 


construction through- compact and rigid. 


Accurate platen align- 


out, This press can 
ment is maintained 


be converted to trans- 
fer molding if desired. with minimum deflec- 

A tion over entire range 
We built the hydraulic ti of platen temperatures. 
lift table, too. 


—- ‘ . . . 
Hydraulic Press Division 


ERIE FOUNDRY CoO. ERIE.PA. 


GREATEST NAME IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES) 


SINCE 1895 THE 





The advent and acceptance of tubeless 


tures has intro luce d d number ol } rob 


lems with new construction 

Nor the least of these in some cases 
is the difficulty in preventing ply sepa 
ration by penetration of air into the 
Carcass 


been tried to 


Several methods have 
overcome this possibility such as mono 
filament and resin impregnation treat 
ment. Unfortunately, there are possible 
opyjections to such potential solutions 
in terms of cost or other factors 

One useful answer is to employ a 


rubber barrier between chafer and 


Car 


Cass The particular compoune must 


Profitable news 


for 
tire men! 


SS since the 

! in cre building 

cK Out of position 

Formulations which 1tn- 

idings of carbon black 

orchy to mix and calen 
proce ny 

table combination load 

ings of Hi-Sil ind black satisfactory 

ls to fulfill che rigid re quire 


ment in be worked out. Such load 


comp 


ings are now used in regular production 
ible application 
’ Published laboratory 


vailableasaColumbia 


Southern b illetin Plea €¢ add 
inquiry to Room 1929-A at Pitt 


or any of the district sales office 
Hi-Sil is an exclusive white 
forcing silica pigment produce 


Col ichern 


COLUMBIA-SOUTHERN 
CHEMICAL CORPORATION 


SUBSIDIARY OF PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS COMPANY 


OWE GATiwar CwreR PITTSBURGH 


DISTRICT OFFICES 


Chicago * Clevela 


IN ANADA 7] 


und its Commer 





quality worth investigating 


PLEASANT FEEL balanced with all-important durability are gained when 


you use Argus low viscosity plasticizers. Drapex 3.2 gives the optimum degree of 


viscosity with considerably less plasticizer than is otherwise needed, 

Toys must have clean and even coloring without a trace of copper mold stains 
that destroy sales appeal. The complete dispersion effected by the all-liquid Argus 
Stabilizer Combination Mark M—Mark PL means an even formulation with no 
unstabilized areas. 

Quality formulations, economies in materials and processing, and attractive, 
saleable items are advantages you gain by specifying Argus stabilizers and plasticizers. 
irgus has the answers to your vinyl formulation problems—either in our line products 
or our research laboratory. Send for technical bulletins and samples. 


ARGUS CHEMICAL. 


CORPORATION New York and Cleveland 


Main Office: 633 Court Street, Brooklyn 31, N.Y. Branch: Frederick Building, Cleveland 15, Ohio 
Rep's. H. M. Royal, Inc., 4814 Loma Vista Ave., Los Angeles; Philipp Bros. Chemicals. Inc., 10 High St., Boston; H. L. Blachford, Ltd., 977 Aqueduct St., Montreal 


RUBBER AGE ECEMBER 








Prelude to low-cost production 


When an R. D. Wood press swings into action, gratifying 
things happen to production costs. For, in most cases, production 
climbs to a new high and down-time for repairs approaches 
zero, The reason is the smooth, dependable performance 
of R. D. Wood presses—even under dificult conditions, 
\nd the reasons for this superior performance are the exacting 
standards set by R. D. Wood—in design, selection of materials, 
and craftsmanship. If your company’s theme is low-cost 


production, here is your prelude—ready made, 


-—— 



































ae R. D. WOOD COMPANY 
g PUBLIC LEDGER BUILDING © PHILADELPHIA 5, PENNSYLVANIA 


Representatives in Principal Cities 


HYDRAULIC PRESSES AWN VALVE * FIRE HYORANTS © CAST-IRON PIPE © GATE VALVES © GAS PRODUCERS © ACCUMULATORS 





SILASTIC 


432 Base 


Speeds Compounding of High Strength Stocks 


TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF, 


OVEN DOOR GASKETS 
MADE WITH SILASTIC 432 BASE 


Temperature range, °F -—100 to -+-500 
Tensile strength, psi 720 
Elongation, % 260 
Tear strength, ppi 70 
Compression set, % 40 
Hardness, durometer 50 


All properties obtained on ASTM slabs 
molded 5 minutes at 260°F and cured 
8 hours at 480°F. 


When it comes to quick, easy compounding of silicone rubber 
stocks with superior physical properties, there is no other gum 
available like Silastic® 432 Base. What’s more, this unique Dow 
Corning gum has remarkable shelf stability . . . low moisture 
absorption . . . low compression set—without toxic additives . . 
and can be compounded to withstand temperatures from —100 to 
500 F and intermittent exposures up to 600 F. Stocks made with 
Silastic 432 Base assure highest performance standards for 
molded, extruded, or calendered parts. 


Do YOu Ware the ALCL and complete compound- 


ing instructions for this oven door gasket compound using Silastic 432 


Base? It’s yours for the asking . . . just contact the nearest Dow Corning 
branch office for prompt service. 

FREE SAMPLE... Try Silastic 432 Base in your own plant. 

Write today. 


Address Dept. 9212 


dowconnincg) DOW CORNING CORPORATION 
SILICONES f Midiand, Michigan 


ATLANTA BOSTON CHICAGO CLEVELAND OGALLAS DETROIT LOS ANGELES NEW TORK WASHINGTON. 0.C. (enven eras. wo 


camaoe we COMMIN sur “ CREAT SRITAIN, WHOL AMO © “ moor raance 






































Your advertisement in the RUBBER RED BOOK 
gives your company representation when buying 
decisions are being made. It’s like having your 
salesman there just at the right moment. You are 
there when buyers need you most because your 
ad speaks for you. It tells some strong points 
about your product, lists competitive advantages, 
cites practical reasons why your company is the 
one to do the job . . . then your ad can make it 
easy for buyers to reach you by listing phone 
numbers, or local agents, or warehousing points 
for swift action, Your ad may be the deciding 
factor in getting an order .. . or a new account 
. or keeping an old one! 


Condensed Schedule of Rates 


for 1957-58 Edition 


UPPLIERS 


Will you be there 
when buyers need you most? 


You will if you advertise in the 
RUBBER RED BOOK 





Buyers in every rubber goods plant in the United 
States and Canada will see your advertisement. 
That ene ad will last for two full years in the 
industry’s most widely used reference book, No 
wonder that almost 400 of the top suppliers to the 
field use space to remind old timers and inform 
new buyers of their products . services . 

materials . . . equipment. No wonder that some 
use up to 20 pages to tell the full story of their 
major products, The long life (two years) and 
low cost ($200 per page) make the RUBBER 
RED BOOK the most economical way to reach 
the Five and One-Half Billion Dollar rubber 
industry. 


RESERVE SPACE NOW 


Make certain that your company receives all the con 


page $200 sideration possible, Tell your story in enough space 





pare 
1 pape 


yA pages, eae h 





2 half pages, ¢ ich 

2 quarter pages, each 

Colors, Red extra 
Other Colors extra 100 


Bleed Pages extra 25 


Sales Agents Section: 


You are 
In addition to standard one quarter, RUBBER 
one-half and full page units, there is the space 
ivailable in .the Sal (vents and to pay $ 

before 


Branch el iitma. Section only, i one 





inch unit @ $38 FIRM 


For compl te rates and sizes 


write for 1957-58 rate card 


ADDRESS 
SIGNED BY 


Published by RUBBER ACE 


1957-58 RUBBER RED BOOK, to be published 
in June, 1957, Use the handy coupon below to reserve 
space now and follow with copy before the April 1. 


1957, closing date. 






RUBBER AGE, nv 
101 West 3iet St. N. ¥. 1, N.Y. 





hereby authorized to insert in the 1957-58 Edition of the 
RED BOOK the advertising of the undersigned to occupy 


for which we agree 


as per your 1957-58 rates. (Copy will be sent you 


April 1, 1957). 





NAME 







101 West 31st Street 
New York 1, New York 






















RUBBER AGE 





. « » FREEZING WON'T RUIN THIS CARGO! 


That’s right! Even when frozen and thawed, Gen-Tac’soutstanding qual- 
ity remains unaffected. When subjected to freezing temperature for hours 
at a time, Gen-Tac won’t break down. Gen-T ac, General’s proven vinyl 
pyridine latex, has excellent freeze stability, and assures the best fabric- 
to-rubber adhesion in tires and other applications. Write for literature 
and samples to The General Tire & Rubber Company, Chemical 
Division, Akron, Ohio. 


Moisture degradation — Gen-Tac 
keeps this from happening to your 
tires. Cord treated with Gen-Tac 
adheres to rubber so well that mois- 
ture doesn't ‘wick’ in to loosen 
the cords. 


Curing blows — Gen-Tac cuts curing 
blows like this to a minimum because 
it is fast-curing and develops its 
strength in the early stages of cure 
when internal pressures do the 
most harm. 


WITH 
GEN-TAC 


WITHOUT 
GEN-TAC 


Adhesion —Gen-Tac treatment of 
tire fabric provides adhesion-to- 
rubber strength greater than the 
strength of the surrounding stock 
itself. 


THE GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY ( CAmiu/ Linnin 


Chemica/ Division 
AKRON, OHIO 


THE GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER CO 
GEN-TAC’ 








For ease of 
® Handling 
© Weighing 
® Processing 


© Incorporating in 
batch 


POLYMEL DX-111_ 
POWDER 


Properties 
Natural State .... Powder 


Color 
5 c Gravity .. 1.11 
elting Point .... Pressure Sensitive 


Composition Modified Polystyrene 
Odor Characteristic 
Toxicity Not known to be toxic 


fob Baltimore 


| drum to 4900 Ibs. ........_ .1425¢ |b. 
5000 Ibs. to truckloads .1375¢ Ib. 
ee .1325¢ |b. 


A Modified Polystyrene Resin Type 


Plasticizer that is 


PRESSURE SENSITIVE 


Plasticizes + Stabilizes * Extends 
Aids Molding and Extrusion of 
Natural and Synthetic 


Rubbers 


Send for a sample today 


MANUFACTURERS OF 


compounding ingredients for reinforcing 
plasticizing, extending, and processing 
natural and synthetic elastomers. 


RUBBER AGE DECEMBER 
























































United Clay Mines 





hound 


Copyright. Brown & Bigelow, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A 


t ~ he 





1. Se 





quality processed 


HIESON... sulphurs 


for rubbermaking 


ground crude sulphur 
99.5% min. purity 
DEVIL BRAND Grade A~—90% passing 200-mesh 
Grade AA—97% passing 200-mesh 
50-lb. triple-wall paper bags 


ground refined sulphur 
99.9%-100% pure 
STAR BRAND Grade A~—90% passing 200-mesh 
Grade AA—97% passing 200-meshi 
50-\b. triple-wall paper bags 


ground crude sulphur with 
5% carbon black added 
BLACKBIRD BRAND 99% min. purity 
98-100% passing 325-mesh 
50-lb. triple-wall paper bag: 
ground crude sulphur 
with conditioner added 
SPIDER BRAND 97% nin. purity 
98-100% passing 325-mesh 
50-lb. triple-wall paper bags 
Olin Mathieson also offers a full line of conditioned, oil-treated 
sulphurs for the rubber industry. For complete information 


call your Olin Mathieson representative or write today. 


MATHIESON CHEMICALS 
OLIN MATHIESON CHEMICAL CORPORATION 
INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS DIVISION ° BALTIMORE 3, MD 


Devil®, Blackbird®, Spider® and Star 
MATHIESON 


are Olin Mathieson Trademarks 


INORGANIC CHEMICALS: Ammonia - Bicarbonate of Soda - Carbon Dioxide - Caustic Potash - Caustic Soda - Chlorine - Hydrazine and Derivatives - Hypochlorite 
Products + Muriatic Acid + Nitrate of Soda + Nitric Acid - Soda Ash - Sodium Chlorite Products - Sulphate of Alumina - Sulphur (Processed) - Sulphuric Acid 


ORGANIC CHEMICALS: Ethylene Oxide - Ethylene Glycols - Polyethylene Glycols - Glycol Ether Solvents - Ethylene Dichloride - Dichloroethylether - Formaldehyde 


Methanol - Sodium Methylate - Hexamine - Ethylene Diamine - Polyamines - Ethanolamines - Trichlorobenzene - Poiychlorobenzene - Trichlorophenol 
3802 





| i 
| UOP 88 = 288 


\ 


| “My Customer 


In Our ‘New’ Tires!” 


Sales are lost, product acceptance 
damaged, when ozone cracking 
shows up even on new products. 


You can give your product dependable 
protection from ozone cracking, from 
the day it’s made till the day it’s dis- 
carded even under the most extreme 
conditions, with Universal’s high 
potency rubber antiozidants, UOP 
288 and UOP 838. 


To tires, or any other rubber product, 
natural or synthetic, these Universal 


naa 


TRADEMARK 


RUBBER ANTIOZIDANTS / 


_ 


(| 
N 
YY 


Found Cracks 


antiozidants provide complete protec 
tion under both static and dynamic 
exposure. 

To be sure your product presents the 
quality appearance you built into it, 
when it comes face to face with a 
potential customer, let us recommend 
the correct UOP antiozidant formula- 
tion to give it complete protection 
from ozone cracking. 


PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT 


UNIVERSAL OIL 
PRODUCTS COMPANY 


30 ALGONQUIN ROAD 
DES PLAINES, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. 





big advantages 
make NIRRIVI Rubber 
EXTRUDERS 


RUBBER EXTRUDER 


..eTHE MOST TIME-SAVING, COST-CUTTING 
MACHINES IN THE INDUSTRY: 





THE NRM RUBBER EXTRUDERS shown here are repre- 
sentative of the full line available to the industry 
in sizes from 114” to 12”. Larger Extruders to 
meet special requirements are produced on order. 
While many advanced design and construction 
features contribute to the four big advantages of 
NRM Rubber Extruders, the following are of spe- 
cial importance: 


SIMPLICITY — Practical, uncomplicated design 
makes NRM Extruders extremely dependable and 
easy to operate. Compact construction makes 
them space-saving. 


VERSATILITY— A variety of die heads make pos- 

sible tube, tread, slab and other types of ex- 

trusions with a single machine, further increasing NRM 81,” RUBBER STRAINER 

the production range of NRM Extruders. Quick-opening air-operated 
die heads, hinged strainer 


DURABILITY — NRM Extruders are built to “stand plates, undercut feed boxes 
the gaff” of mechanical rubber goods production save time, cut costs in 
oversize thrust and radial bearings, heavy stock preparation 

heat-treated steel cut herringbone gears, corrosion- 

resistant cylinder liners and hardened surface 

feed screws are a few of the heavy-duty construc- 

tion features that assure a long life of high pro- 

duction at minimum cost for maintenance. 


It’s easy to spend more for a rubber extruder than 
the low first cost of an NRM, but difficult to equal 
the NRM quality features that help manufac- 
turers increase profit on rubber goods production. 
If you are planning to purchase rubber extruders, 
contact us. We’ll be happy to assist you in your 
jlanning, and recommend the type and size NRM iL” MY. , 
Peters to meet your cite thane most ef- ee en 
ficiently and economically. 


Turns warm-up time to produc 
tion time by eliminating the 
need of a warm-up mill. Uses 


either extended smooth-bore, or 


Write for these NRM Bulletins fluted cylinder liners. Ideal for 


extruding Silicone compounds 


RUBBER EXTRUDERS = . NRM 11,” RUBBER EXTRUDER 


Never an idle moment for 


MIL-X-TRUDERS » 4 this machine . . when 
not in laboratory work, it 

pays its way in actuai 

RUBBER STRAINERS production of small cross 
sections. Materials, design 


MIL-STRAINERS & and construction are the 


quality equal of any big 


EXTRUDER DIE HEADS 4. NRM Extruder. 


General Offices and Engineering Laboratories: 47 W. Exchange St., Akron 8, Ohio 
EAST: Plants at Akron and Columbiana, Ohio and Clifton, N. J 

WEST: S. M. Kipp, Box 441, Pasadena 18, Cal. 

MID-WEST: National Rubber Machinery Co., 5875 N. Lincoln Ave., Chicago 5, Ill 
EXPORT: Gillespie & Company, 96 Wall St., New York 6, N. Y 


ECEMBER, 1956 








The Best Method 


cuts SHEET STOCy 
to UNIFORM Cype, 





The Famous CUMBERLAND 
“Stair-Step” Dicer 


Here at last is the answer to your problems of dicing rub- 
ber or vinyl sheet stock. Produces perfect cubes ranging 
by merely changing knives. 


in size from '% to |4 


Comes in two sizes designed to handle sheets up to 
14” in width, Other sizes made to order, 


Input speeds range from 10 to 125 feet per min. depend- 
ing on material and size of cube desired, 


The CUMBERLAND Rotary 
Chopping and Dicing Machine 


As a chopper, this machine effici 
ently cuts rubber and vinyl slabs 
into small pieces. Two sizes avail 
able to handle stock widths up to 
14 or 24 inches. 


As a dicer in modified form, han 
dles principally vinyl sheet stock. 
A less expensive machine though 
Jess universal than the “Stair-Step 
Dicer shown above. 


For Granulating Plastic . . . 


Investigate Cumberland’s complete 
line of granulating machines. 
Request Bulletin 260, 


t 
DELPT.3 ° BOK 716 * PROVIDEN 





CUMBERLAND bx 












V 


na rubber 
Cc 


ey Substitutes 


OUmN— 











irs Types, grades and blends 
for every purpose, wherever 
Vulcanized Vegetable Oils 
can be used in production 
of Rubber Goods— 

be they Synthetic, Natural, 


or Reclaimed. 


A long established and proven product 


THE CARTER BELL MFG. CO. 


SPRINGFIELD, NEW JERSEY 





Write for Complete 


Information 


nin 0 Ww. \ 


Qvodt \SLARD 


Represented by 


HARWICK STANDARD CHEMICAL CO. 


Akron, Boston 






Los Angeles, Trenton Albertville, (Ala 
enver 


etter Chicago 








‘SHARPLES: ‘pra 


Di PAC 


izothia:z 2-sulfenan 


DIPAC* is a new delayed action accelerator designed for modern high temper- 
ature processing equipment where maximum freedom from scorch is essential. 


| 





MOONEY SCORCH « 248 °F. 














TENSILE STRENGTH 


x 
x 
oe ) 








O BENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE 
x CYCLOHEXY! ULFENAMIDE 





1 magi i I 
40 60 80 100 
CURING TIME MINUTES @ 284} 

















— 


Technical information and samples are available on request. 


'SHARPLES' brand CHEMICALS... . products of 


INDUSTRIAL DIVISION, PENNSYLVANIA SALT MFG. CO. 
OT TILT' 1 ae 500 Fifth Ave., New York * 806. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago * 106 5. Main S1., Akron 
e Executive Office: Philadelphia, Pa. 
Chemicals Martin, Hoyt & Milne Inc., San Frenciseo + Los Angeles + Seattle + Portiend 
Shawinigan Chemicals, lid.: Montreal + Toronto 
Airco Company International, New York 











"Trademark of Penne. Salt Mig. Co. 














RUGGED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS Almost 1600 tons of coarse, heavy slate are transported daily by means 


of this sturdy 30” conveyor belt at The Southern Lightweight Aggregate Corporation’s plant in Bremo Bluff, Virginia 
This slate is first carried to huge crushers and then to kilns where it is transformed into SOLITE, a unique new aggregate 
used in the manufacture of structural concrete and lightweight masonry units that are just as strong as ordinary concrete 
units, but one-half lighter. Because of the continuous barrage of sharp, angular slate to which this particular belt is sub 
jected, it required special engineering. It was manufactured by Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Company from fabrics 
especially developed for extremely rough usage by Mount Vernon Mills. Already, the belt has been in continuous use for 
over two years and is expected to remain serviceable for at least another—twice as long as any other belt ever before 


utilized for this brutal carrying operation 
This is another example of how fabrics made by Mount Vernon Mills, Inc. and the industries they serve, are serving 


America, Mount Vernon engineers and its laboratory facilities are available to help you in the development of any new 


fabric or in the application of those already available. 


“nateste < — Wlount Vernon Ths, Tuc. ETT ETT 


‘ 
Big Difference \ MPANY 
A LEADER IN INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES 


In Industrial 
Fabrics 





Main Offices: 40 Worth Street, New York, N.Y 


Branch Offices: Chicago « Atlanta « Baltimore * Boston * Los Angeles 


44 RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 





AVAILABLE > 
IN 
LARGE 
quantiries ( 


PICCUPALE <> 


The ( xtremely low cost of PIC( OPALE and it iV tilability in 


enormous quantities make this new Ly pe ol petroleum resin 


ideal for use as a basic raw material. It is chemically inert 


100% petroleum polymer 
Versatile, compatible, permanent 


By the trainload, if you wish 


Distributed by: Harwick Standard Chemical Co., Akron 5, Ob 


Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp. 


Clairton, Pennsylvania 


Plants at 
Clairton, Pa.; West Elizabeth, Pa.; and Chester, Pa. 
District Soles Offices 
Boston, New York, Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnati 
Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh 


not affected by acids, and alkalies; moisture-proof; compatibl 
oluble in naphthas, chlorinated and other solve Available 
in liquid solution or in flaked or solid form 


WRITE for complete data, specifications and imple 
I | 


PENNSYLVANIA INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL CORP. 
Clairton, Penna. 


Please send me a copy of your bulletin describing PICCOPALE and 
samples of grade for (application) 


Nome 
Company 


Address 





PATTERN FOR A PURPOSE 


oe ——— Lol 
J 


Wh, one type of tread design, rather than any 
other? Because it has been caleulated to offer 
the most in road holding with a minimum of 
wear. There's a precise reason for every tiny slot, 
every angle... 

llow do vou know it’s right? Because years of 
painstaking research by the tire industry are 
visualized in this pattern... a part of the ever- 
continuing effort to provide safer, surer trans- 
portation, 

How is it possible to make those thousands of 
thin grooves? Because with “super slippery” 
UNION CARBIDE silicone release agents, very 





thin-section molds can be used in standard form- 
ing equipment without prohibitive costs. 

(s reported to us by one manufacturer using 
silicone release agents for the past eight years: 
“They reduce blemishes on treads, permit com- 
plicated treads not possible without silicones 
and eliminate mold cleaning.” 

The SILICONES DIVISION is one of the leading 
suppliers of silicone release agents for the rub- 
ber industry. Find out how these silicones can 
be adapted to your needs. Contact one of the 
offices of our distributor The C. P. Hall Co., or 
write to Silicones Division, Dept. RA-12. 


SILICONES DIVISION 








Distr ihuted by 
THE C. P. HALL CO. Bay Avenue and Wheeler Point Rd 
Newark 5, N. J 
THE C. P. HALL CO, 568 East Crosier Street, Akron 11, Ohio 
OF ILLINOIS 5145 West 67th Street, Chicago 38, Illinois 
648 Riverside Drive, Memphis 16, Tennessee 
THE C. P. HALL CO. 1340 East Oth ! 


OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles 21, California The term “Union Carbide” i 


Union CaRBIDE 


AND CARBON CORPORATION 
30 EAST 42ND STREET UCC] NEW YORK 17, N. Y. 





s trade-mark of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation 


Top Left— Pneumatic coil lifter* po- 
sitioning reelless coil over saddle 
block prior to removal of paper 
wrap and assembly of let-off reel. 


Center—Partly assembled pneuma- 
tic let-off reel.* Note provision for 
removal of steel strapping and 
easy assembly of reel to coil on 


saddle block. 


Top Right —- Completely assembled 
reel with bead wire coil mounted 
on conventional let-off stand. 


*Patents Pending 


ESTIMATE 


YOUR SAVINGS 
... with National-Standard reelless bead wire methods! 


HIS development combines the completely reel- 

less shipment, storage and handling of bead wire 
with a new type of wire let-off reel for tire production. 
Here are some of the direct advantages: 


@ Shipping tare cut to a fraction... and no reels to return. 


e Completely wrapped coils for better and prolonged wire 
protection. 

@ Less than half the time and effort formerly required for 
unloading and in-and-out-of-storage handling. 


@ Storage capacity multiplied by easy, safe stacking of 


palletized coils. 


e Palletized storage with complete accessibility permits 


ideal inventory rotation. 


Improved production. Pneumatic let-off reels (easily, quickly 
applied to coils at point of use) assure uniform flange pres- 
sure throughout pay-off, eliminating tangling, breaking 


and down-time. 


These are a few high points of this new development. 
Look into it. We'll gladly give you complete details. 


Just let us know. 


NATIONAL-STANDARD COMPANY + WNILES, MICHIGAN 
Tire Wire, Stainless, Fabricated Braids and Tape 

ATHENIA STEEL DIVISION + CLIFTON, N, J. 

Flat, High Carbon, Cold Rolled Spring Steel 

REYNOLDS WIRE DIVISION «+ DIXON, ILLINOIS 

Industrial Wire Cloth 

WAGNER LITHO MACHINERY DIVISION + JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
Special Machinery for Metal Decorating 
WORCESTER WIRE WORKS DIVISION + 
Round and Shaped Steel Wire, Small Sizes 


WORCESTER, MASS. 





Ce Ah, 
OLLLI? (ILPOT 


economical 


New 


vulcanizing 
— 


agent 
VA-7 


produces heat-resistant, 
non-blooming stocks 


New liquid polysulfide polymer 
assures easy, uniform dispersion 


Economical sulfurless” cures for 
GR-S and natural rubber 


stocks are now made possible by a 


nitrile 


new liquid vulcanizing agent called 
VA-7. VA 


and prevents bloom by increasing 


} improves vulcanization 


cross linking efliciency and eliminat 


ing uncombined sulfur 


Stocks compounded with new VA-7 


offer better heat aging resistance 


higher tensile strengths, good hot 
compression set resistance, and non 
blooming characteristics in both 
cured and uncured states. Whiter 
white sidewalls, and tire treads with 
added resistance to heat and aging 
are two of VA-7’s many commercial 


applications. 


Because it is a liquid, VA-7 disperses 
throughout the rubber stock much 
more easily and uniformly than sul 
fur. It also facilitates the preparation 


of stable emulsions for curing latices 





MOLDED ITEMS such as well pistons and 
high pressure force cups display outstand 
ing resistance to heat aging when com 
pounded with Thiokol’s new VA-7 








Best of all, VA-7 provides all these 
advantages at a surprisingly moder 
ate price. 

For compounding information and a sam 
ple of VA-7, write: THIOokOL CHEMICAI 
CORPORATION, 784 NorTH CLINTON AVE 

TRENTON 7, N. J. In Canada: Naugatuck 
Chemicals Division, Dominion Rubber 
Company, Elmira, Ontario 


PIONEER MANUFACTURER OF 
SYNTHETIC RUBBER 





2 ARATE RADU fan: gerne apm nme ene 
-. ai 


Pat al 


- 




















here are 4 good reasons 
to specify 


Now there are four big reasons why Aniline users 


should make National their first source of supply) 


QUALITY—Our Moundsville Aniline is water-white, 
clear and exceptionally pure. It exceeds A.C. S 


specifications for C. P. Aniline. 


UNIFORMITY—By National Aniline’s continuous 
hydrogenation process. Absolute uniformity is assured 


by automatic insti umentation 


DEPENDABLE SUPPLY—Recently doubled capacity 
provides an ample supply to meet the demands of 


quality-minded Aniline users, 


PROMPT DELIVERY—From our strategic location on the 
Ohio River just south of Wheeling, West Va., we make 


fast shipments by rail, truck or inland waterwa\ 


We will be pleased to furnish samples, specifications, 


price and delivery quotations. 


ALLIED CHEMICAL & DYE CORPORATION 
40 RECTOR STREET, NEW YORK 6G, WN. Y. 
Akron Atlanta Boston Charlotte Chattanooga Chicago 
Columbus, Ga. Greensboro Los Angeles New Orleans Philadelphia 
Portiand, Ore. Providence Richmond San Francisco Toronto 





RO 7 LE 1A (2%2" cylinder bore) 


a Spirod Extruding Machine with electric heating and high 


velocity evaporative cooling. An all-purpose 
1 extruding machine for processing 


“a” rubber and plastics. 
o's) Available in sizes 1 Ye’ through 





12’ cylinder bore 


Strainers, Cooling Troughs, Light 
Wire and Cable Capstans, 
Motorized Take-ups, 
Temperature Control Units. 


JOHN ROYLE & SONS ROYLE 


PATERSON 


PIONEERED THE CONTINUOUS EXTRUSION PROCESS IN \™'?* / 1880 


Londen, Englend Home Office Akron, Ohie Les Angeles, Col PATER SON 3 ‘ NEW j ERSEY 
Jomes Dey (Machinery! Ltd. VM. Hovey 1.W VenRiper 4 C. Clineteiter H. M. Reyel, Inc. 
Hyde Pork 2450 - 0456 SHerwood 2-8262 SWendele 4.5020 LOgen 3261 





“works equally wal for... 


orn 
_ 


“HOT or COLD — 


PROCESSING OF RUBBER SHEETING 
AND PRODUCTS 


HOLLISTON 


BRATEX 


RUBBER HOLLAND 


BRATEX is available in three standard qualities, 
20 and 40 inch widths, 100 and 250 yard rolls. 
Special size rolls to order. 


THE HOLLISTON MILLS, INC., Norwoop, mass. 


NEW YORK * PHILADELPHIA *© CHICAGO + MILWAUKEE * SAN FRANCISCO 


RUBBER A 





Making Customers Feel Like This Is Our Business 


SULFASAN, Reg. U.S. Pat. Off 


Something new every day in the rubber 
business. But juggling your formulations 
with new materials doesn’t have to make 
you feel glum. Monsanto’s Rubber Serv- 
ice Department at Akron keeps tab on 
every new material that comes out; is 
ready to assist you with up-to-the- 
minute data to guide your formulations. 
Take the job of producing a good heat- 
resistant butyl insulation stock: 


The Problem: Produce a high-voltage 
butyl insulation stock. 


Here's What Monsanto Compounders 
Did: Compounded stock of Enjay Butyl 
218 (GRL18) containing one part of 
Sulfasan R and compared it with stand- 
ard butyl formulations. 


The Result: The Sulfasan R stock after 


aging 48 hours at 300°F. showed the 
best retention of tensile strength, elon- 
gation, and hardness. 


Helping you get the results you want is 
the only way we can sell. You’re not 
interested in chemicals; but you are in- 
terested in performance at lowest possible 
cost. That’s why manufacturers of rubber 
products discuss their processing and end- 
product requirements with Monsanto. 
Often, no special research is even needed 

the answer to your formulating prob- 
lem may already be on file among the 
more than 18,000 special research reports 
covering studies that Monsanto Akron 
has carried out for rubber processors. 
Write or call: Monsanto Chemical Com- 
pany, Rubber Chemicals Dept. RC-3 (tele- 
phone: HEmlock 4-1921), Akron 11, Ohio. 


Accelerators + For fast, slow, and regulated 


rates of safe cure 


Antioxidants + For maximum oxidation 
resistance 


Specialty Compounds « For special 


processing problems 


MONSANTO 





Naugatuck NAUGAPOL 


specially processed R-S rubber 


am (/ DAKA 


A BONE parching on the desert couldn’t hold much less moisture than a 
rubber product made of Naucapo". All 6 “hot” types (1016, 1018, 1019, 
1021, 1022 and 1023) and both “cold” types | 1503 and 1504) of Naugapol 
are specially processed for low moisture absorption by eliminating salt as a 
coagulant following polymerization. Extra straining and milling further help 


to produce salt-free clastomers characterized by: 
®@ LOW MOISTURE ABSORPTION @ HIGH DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES 
@ CLEANLINESS & UNIFORMITY @ EASE OF PROCESSING 


That’s why NauGApoL butadiene-styrene polymers are so strongly preferred by 
manufacturers of rubber-insulated wire and cable, mechanical rubber goods 
and other rubber products requiring high electrical insulating qualities and 
excellent mechanical characteristics over a wide temperature range. Many 
grades of NAUGAPOL are non-discoloring, Polygard”-stabilized polymers suit- 


eee always : able for the finest transparent, white or color- pigmented products. 


Division of United States Rubber Company 


Naugatuck, Connecticut 
1N CANADA: NAUGATUCK CHEMICALS DIVISION * Dominion Rubber Company, Limited, Elmira, 


Ontario * Rubber Chemicals * Synthetic Rubber © Plastics * Agricultural Chemicals « 
Reclaimed Rubber © Latices * Cable Address: Rubexport, N.Y. 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 





Rubber Age 


Vol. 30, No. 3 DECEMBER, 1956 





Effects of Mixing Time on Properties imparted 
to Rubber by Reinforcing Carbon Blacks 


By ISAAC DROGIN 


United Carbon Company, Inc., Charleston, West Virginia 


! ny equ 


Col pounding at: ICTCAS 1 ] p 

f great importance. The thorou witl umption for the year 19 

vhich this 1s done has a ie Rubber M inutactu 
525 248 


HI proc 


rubber 1s « 
bearing on the 
toc] san | on the i! prope rei nounted to l. 


time that satisfac 
lepends to figure represents an 
1954 con umption Of 
; 


the last k con umptior 


m figure in the histor 


processing of the 
well known for a long 
formance of the finished product 
tent on the complete dispersion of the ingredient 
Other 1 ent higher than 

vhen 1,338,309 long tons we con 
Any ipa 


low del 


he eT) 


long ton 


can only be obtained by thorough mixing 
refinements in mixing procedures, proce Varia umed 
ving ack of add 


to temperature tolerance $, indat 
ig s of new in ) ind 


and sufficient resting 
likewise equipment, manufactures been 


sreakdown, are I} | | 
r cycles in ordet 


uk h as 
tions, adherence 
Ctpll 


tion on two-stag 
} 


e€ mixings, 
prior to thei 
taining more uniform products 

Normally, mixing time dictated by 
It is governed by the 


ises, where hor 


In) Orie ‘ 
being required on the 


siderations available equipment due to more work 

and by output and product requirement Ls 

time is required with internal mixers, such a high pressure or high 

mills. Longer mixing time 1 ittain the maximum production pet 
ince some of these measures are con 

vhen judged by previous acceptable practice 

t would be timely to present some con 


Ot mixing 
carbon blacks to (a 
b) butadiene-sty 


inufacturers had to resort to higher roto! 


not epowe! mIximny 

bury, than with open unit 

necessary to produce batches with good dispersion ot 
vive Thore 


good appearance. Shorter mixing time will gis 
throughput from a given unit felt 
Of late, the unprecedented increase in the usage of ful data on the effects 
new rubber has taxed mixing facilities and ha imparted by reinforcing 
(4] KF, ) rubber, { 
parts oil PHR, (c) 


greater emphasis on faster processing without a paralle 
extended with 37-Y, 
(b), (d) natural rubber, and 


time on the 


pul 


| tyrene 


was presented by ‘ t of (a) and 


American Che ri > y > 
Butyl 





Previous Work 


t 20 year been numerous re 
technical 


journ relative to changes in the 
ubber unde ; nixing conditions 

Watson and Wilson (2) point out that 

propert ot the CAI e are affected by the 
fo milling with carbon blac Martin and Park 


4) found that the n 


ixing tempera 
the time and the bla terbatch concentration, 


hy R | 
OULAINCS | ( ] Ai Te 


istivity and 
modulu } roi ind i resistance de reased. 
the mayvn a) ( I 1) v con 


derable for re 


, , 
{ na f ! tance Lf COTM uded 


that ryiny 1 ‘ ‘ ‘ { 


therefore 
hould be pos 
ible mor 


\A 
y 


uleanizate 
mand and BP ‘ tate that as the time of 
trength passes through 

ty through a 
ensile falls off and 
it’ the quality ota 
rubber kind and 
part le ze of the reu reing ent selected, but also 


compound depend 0 1 on the 
on the degree of ngment 

in the milling 
ne produce 11 d if 1 istivity of 
ulcanizates and that re I] maducive 
11 \ r com Wal 


Parl nson itl 


Humphrey { mation 
to distinctly 
reached by 
wgand (7) recon 
mends the use perature and the ex 
need 
» obtain pigment disper 


clusion of vhenever there is 
ial prolonged Wh 
(iti 

found that the 
or in bound rubber 


md that fo 1 ul rbon gel 


Wweilzer C,0Q0d } i ure / } 


me of mixing il my] Tat 
development 
ith any carbon blacl cy ne tine and tem 
perature are required raendl Y) emphasizes that 
mixing must be carried on manner that all of 


the carbon particl rubber 


found that 


become etted by the 


Boonstra and Dannenbes mixing 


time ha marked influence values 


electrical con 


duet \ ‘ mpound 


dispersion influence greatly th 


electrical resistance 
much me di persion than 
other physical wnilarly, Dannen 


(1]) concluded I | trical T¢ 
nerea ed Mixing 


istance data 
that chang in d perso 


Hle found that blacl ncorpol mand di persion appeal 


take place multaneousl iat carbon blacks in gen 
chain-like 


bl i¢ ks 


uxing with rubber 


ra ( pond rap llv to King ind that the 


characte ti ( ( rorcinyg carbon 
lly unchanges 


wyrevale 
retiain practica 
He also found that the d 


mndent 


m of carbon blacks dur 

ny ind coherence 

their agglomer resulting tron uch factors as 

urface chanical bulk dens 
heation 

\ecording lanchare nd Parkinson (12), the 

nceorporated into 


iiling ope rations 


tructure po 
rubber no 
(13) 


hor Cpowe ! 


Come pressure or high 
principle that the 
more horsepower applied to any xing job during it 
tiffest state he bette he d on and that a mini 
mum cycle of two minut probably short enough 

Duke, Taft and Wolthotft (1 tate that the tempera 
ture Oot muxing grea t on the formation of 
bound rubber with carbon blacks 


‘The rate of binding ! i e viscosity or mo 


lecular 
the tem pe rature of 


weight of the raw polymer is increased or as 
mixing 1s Bulgin 


has pointed out that the conductivity in rubber depends 


increased, 


mainly on the type and quantity of carbon black used 
in the compound and that conductivity is not greatly de 
pendent on the type of polymer used. 

Drogin (16) in his study of effects on mixing time 
on dispersion has shown that 
developed with a short mixing cycle and with butadiene 
styrene (41°F.) rubber and butadiene-styrene (41°F.) 
extended with oll 
modulus, higher 


a satisfactory modulus was 


rubber there was a_ tendency 


tensile strength, and 
with a long mixing 


also found that in natural rubber it 


toward higher 


mproved resistance to abrasion 
] 
cvcle He 


Was ap 
parent that I 


could 
a minimum of mixing time and that super 
blacl ind reinforcing high 
blacks required ample mixing time to 


improve their dispersion resulting thereby in improved 


optimum resistance to abrasion r 
obtained with 
lesse1 


ibrasion even the 


abrasion furnace 


resistance to ibrasion 


Likewise, Drogin et al (77) in their study of effects 


Banbury mixing cycles showed that a 
caused a stock 


scorch 


of varying the 
reduction in mixing time decrease in 


temperature powet! requirements, extrusion rate, 
time, modulus and heat build-up and an 
Mooney VISCOSILV, length of 


stock, nerve, shrinkage, swell, tensile strength, elonga 


increase in 
weight of unit extruded 
+} . | | luromet sist crowtl d 
tion at break, durometer, resistance to cut-growth and 


} 
adDraston 


SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION 


Che author has adhered in this study to the factory 

factories the mixing of 
In the 
masterbatch, or first pass, all of the in 


process Ol mixing In 


1 
stock 


Many 


s is done in two stages first stage mix, also 
referred to a 
possible exception of the curatives, 
feasible, in the Banbury 


ix, also 


gredients, with the 


are added, when technically 
In the 
pass, O1 final, the 
tives, are then added in the Banbury or on the mill. The 


into the finished 


referred tO AS second 


generally cura 


second stage 
remaining ingredients, 
resulting stock can then be formed 
product 

In this study 
made of the 


a group of 12 masterbatches each wer 

following 

styrene (41°F.) rubber and ISAF, HAI 

blacks, respectively. 

2. Oil-extended butadiene-styrene (41°F.) rubber and 
ISAF and HAIk type blacks, respectively 
50:50 blend of butadiene-styrene (41°F.) rubber 
and oil-extended butadiens styrene (41°F.) rubber 
and IS \l and I \l type blacks, respectively 
Natural ISAF, HAF and EPC typ 


blacks, re pectively 
Ienjay Butyl and MPC type black 


1. Butadiens 


and Fel’ type 


rubber and 


Phus each wert 
prepared 

The 12 masterbatches in each group were mixed in 
short a time as 1-4 minutes and as 


they were sheeted rapidly 


eleven groups of 12 masterbatches 


the Banbury for as 
long as 12 minutes. In all case 
from the mill and, 
the curatives were added in the Banbury in the 
fixed two-minute 
he mill, rested for three 
hours, and then worked on the mill for three minutes 
\dditional also made of the effects of 
working the masterbatch on the mill from two 


ifter a rest period of at least twenty 
hours, 
final tage mix 


sheeted rapidly 


second or using a 


cvele from t 
studies were 
open 
minutes to as much as 8 minutes immediately after its 
Banbury \ total of eight maste! 


stvrene (41°F.) rubber and HAF 


discharge from the 


batches of butadien 








Butadiene-Styret cu ’ ne id of 
( +] | } 7 P Atif N mura Rubber 
ISA] HAI I] HAI ISAl HAI be 


100.00 100.000 100,00 LOO.00 LOO.) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 
3.00 400 ,O0 +i) Oo 3.00 OO OO Ow 
200 200 i) 150 150 150 +00 tO 00 
1.00 LOO LOO l LOO LOO 1 10 150 
1.00 1.00 1.00 | 10 100 

LOO LOO 1.00 

50.00 50.00 O00 0.00 13.00 ik O0 O00 

OO 50 70) +00 i) bi) 1) 
S00 5 00 OO OO 
+00 } +00 


167.00 


167.00 
0.50 
0.00 


OUD 


$0-60-80- 100 ’ 1-60-80 





type black were made. The first two batches wet \ll the final batehe ined in this investigation were 
Dury xed for 3 minutes each, the second twe : ibjected to a thorough evaluation of then properti 
les IV to XLII, and 

| s 2 


vure 


minutes each, the third two for 7 minutes each, and tl The results are listed in Tab 


for 9 minutes each o presented graphically in 


the case of the two 3-minute mixes, o1 it the formation thus portrays the effects of 


1 
IN 


vatches was banded and sheeted oft Ht Wt pecil 
after its discharge from the Banbury, whi if bla 


ic properts and on the perlormanes 
} 


other masterbatch was worked on the mill Z , reads of synthetic rubber, natu 


inutes before it was removed from the mill vy Butvl served as the con pound 


In the case of the two 5-minute mixes me study of rubber and carbon blacl 
matches was banded and sheeted off the mull in f the tire tread compounds used 
y after its discharge from the Banbut 
masterbatch was worked on the 


before it was removed from the mill EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 


ase of the two 7 minute mixes, one 
Rubber. The five rubber tudied were 


tche S Was banded ind sheeted on the 
puta irene 7 l OH) (cold rubber hy 
| | | I 


after its discharge from the Banbury 
masterbatch was worked on the I] yrene polymer with 23.5 per cent bound 
before it was removed from the mill iron activated, 1 d emulsifies 
case of the two 9-minute mixes, « topped, 41°F. reacts emperature 
batches was banded ind sheeted off the r and salt ac id coag is raw 
ly atter its dischargt from the Banbut h 212°.) wa ) 
if masterbatch Was worke | on the 1 for & a "h Iprene 1712, ino 
before it was removed from the vith 3/Y; part 
iforementioned procedure was also toll plus LOO part 
nasterbatches of butadiene-styrene (41°] rul ound styrene, 
ISAF type black, and with eight master! he tty acid emulsified, car 
f natural rubber and ISAF and HAF type blacl reaction temperature and 
ely. A total of 32 masterbatches was thus pr loo (MI ¥ at 212 
After a rest period of at least 20 hor O blend of the rul 
he final stag Natural rubbet 


sugar fre 


were added in the Banbury in the 
a fixed 2-minute cycle, sheeted rapid tt isticated, It 
rested 3 hours, and then wor | 


nutes 


i 





__MOONEY SCORCH AT 250° F. 





= one-point rise 
{ = three-point rise 


4 4 = equivalent to one-minute reading 


\\\ ERS St VEE ae 
Y) TTT yr) ta 
Ugaes TTT 


YN SAN 


LOX AO : 


‘te MINUTES 


oe ed 








ki stablishment of Mooney scorcl 


ind isoprene (, PENA antioxidant r.p.m vas used. The air pressure on th 
aw Moon is 6 ram, ure and temperature of the circulating wate1 
Carbon Black. |i pe forcing black wer« and starting temperature of the Banbury were identical 
tudied with variou )| furnace black, oil base to the conditions used for the mixing of the master 
i represented } rite il uper abra 1oOn 
Al type ( | b) high abrasion Speeds: Commeret peeds of No. 11 Banbu: 
furnace HA typ 0 60/1 60; (c) fast 30° and r.p.1 Speeds of other size 
extruding I’ ty] On I rred to a the rally ( r ponding roto! pecgoes 
nediun bt m MAI p 0/Dixie 50 ra size Bb Banbury these speed » 116, 155 
( hannel lacl } is¢ VA ented ‘ r.p.n OW el 1! ictual adien 
speeds 
on the 
H) r.p.m. 
properti of th irbon tu qd at l 1 sanbury Vill thes S| reduced proport 
Fable I] speed relati hi f the laboratory B Banbury 
Banbury Mixing. |/asterbatc) \ll the masterbatch \ f fi ! Janbury, based on their 
y laboratory perip in in per minute, is as follows (19) 
grams al 
each masterbatch 
is 1240 gra per Ni l6 r.p.m was used 
Che air pre re on the ra is 40 pounds per square 
neh. The 1 f the rculating water was 1 " 1370 
pound per juare } re tt perature was 8 | () 60) 
Phe starting tempet re of th sanbury was 1LOO°F, 1() 7A) 
hina \ll the final cond we mixes) were like 
vise mix t] borator fanbury size B. The Sheet-Off Mill: The masterbatches and finals 
batch weight ger rol to 1324 grams Slow banded and sheeted off a standard laboratory 





AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF REINFORCING CARBON BLACKS 


Q);] 

Surtace sen zi l Tint Ab 

Area Part. Volatile . on Com- sorpti 
(Sq Diam Matter tract ter pari (cc/100 
M/Gm.) (#) (%) (%) pp lex son Gm. Blk 


Furnace 


0/Dixic 101.8 30.7 0.78 0.78 0.11 00.0 177 143 
60/Dixie 6 j 69,2 45.2 1.63 0.24 0.05 93.9 158 126 
0/Dixic 19.0 80.0 0.9] 0.11 0.09 99.9 100 139 
Channel 
Kosmobile 7; 109.7 28.3 5.70 0.05 3 85 156 112 
Dixieden ed 77 : 
Kosmobile S-66 a 120.4 26.0 3.77 0.06 ; . 167 116 


Dixiedensed S-66 











ls, 6 inches in diameter, the front 

ting at 24 and 29 r.p.m., respectivel) 
1114 inches between mill guides 
the start was 0.100-inch in each 


water was SO 


of the circulatin; 


j 


yrene rubber and Enjay Buty! 
tural rubber. The roll surface temperaturs 
is 100°F. for the butadiene-sty: 
iv Butyl and 130°F. for the natural rubbe: 
isterbatches were sheeted off at a 
liy ; f " 
idjusted to 0.090-inch thickness re NO 
e rubber and Enjay Butyl finals wer eter Add Rubber 
oft at O.090-inch thickness and the natural rul 
at 0.060-inch thickness. After the three-hour 1 rio dd Black 
ill finals were broken down on the mill wi , 
the start at 0.100-inch and, afte 
ikdown, banded and sheeted off at 


rene rupbet 


thickness for the butadiene-stvyrene rubber 
Butyl stocks and at 0.050-inch thickness for 
rubber STO ks 

he schedule used for each mixing is shows 
[}]. It ranged from 1% to 12 minutes for tl 


batches and 2 minutes for all finals 


Processing. Power Consumption: The 
umption Was obtained from a General Elect 
dc watt-hour meter with ten 
ng a capacity of 15 amperes at 
he power consumption was recorded in) 
\ngus graphic wattmeter with a chat NO 
, 1 Rubber 
ies per hour. dd Cl 
l'emperature: The temperature of Id 
ry was obtained with a thermocouple proje 
the mixing chamber on one side ju 
Che temperature wa recorded on 
] ip chart recording potentiomet 
39 inches pel hour 
sil\ lhe vis 
scometer, Moc 
diamete ind wi 
Only the 4-minute reading 
Shrinkage: The following procedur 
ining the shrinkage in the length of a 


m the mill: Prior to starting the hee 


on the final batch, the mill was topped and 
e die a flat piece ol stainless steel, 4 inche 
nches long, and with a curvature the in 
the mill roll—was placed lengthwise with po 


the stock on the front roll, and with the a , it .050-ine ckne 


iv 


knife a test piece the size of the die wa mar n thickness for tl 
off. The marked section was then cut slightly out vs = ‘OF pc i 
) ( t ( ! 
the mark, the cut-out piece allowed to rest 24 hours — 


a flat talced surface, and the length of the marked t 
piece was then measured. The shrinkage is the loss in , ening—Initial—O. 100 


length from the original 6 inches, and 1s expressed 
terms of per cent of the original length. Thus 
Banbury, 

| Ly ry > | masterbat h, at le 


Shrinkage x 100 f weed relationship betwee 


O60 
i 





marked length (6 inches) of the t 
on removal from the mill, and 
7 


marked length of the test piecs 
ing 24 hours ined the end of 


Scorch: Scorch values Line } hree scorch value 
scometer, Model N , with a rot 5/16 Extrusion. /:xtruder 


ind tandard rubber « 





r 


corded 
| 

v { 
mul ed re 


OOL of a 


1 


i 


1 hy 


L hi 
the | 


PATI 


t left the dic 
through the cu 
| | re 


follow 


off the 
ted for 


if pe avarice 


1 ined tol appt il 


tural rubbet | 
ene (41°) 


n kigu 


hkOowWTl 
f Disper 


nvVvestiva 


sion. 


taken oft h 


if uncured 
, 
nch thick 


croscopi 


had 


nicroscope 
ecrive 
erage 

ill ¢ Xpo 
equipment 
the Hil 
oht ours 
onde 1Ssect 
Photog | | 


Test Met! 


mining Designation 


was the one Heat Bu 


Ihe 


ot the are 


per cen exometel 

, 1 , - 
StTOKE, 17 
LROO : evele t 


Running 


3/16” = 0.1875 inch, 


ruck d ston k 


like W ise ‘ ale ulate 
extruded stock, 


D.") 
100 

1) 
3/16” 0.187> 


uded stock 


1] x | stocks were caretu 
mens of extrusions 


HAF, butadies 
Butyl-M I'¢ 


rubbe 1 
and Ienjay 


SAF, natural 
HAI 


rubbet! 


4 
‘ 0 


he dispersion studies 
vere made as follows \ 
nch long by 4 inch 
Vas placed On a | 
f 


small piece Ol 


the rubber firn 


vhicha 
hold 
mechanical stage ot 
occulars and 16 

ation of 145 


then photographed using 


4 


S minutes Phe 


era bellows u a 


al illuminator and 
water <« 
film w 


SlOMS are 


ht cooling 


on on the 


fiwvily Phe 


10ds. / 
with ASTM pl 


nace 
1-99] 
/-( his was determined in the 
ollowing testing cond 
unit load 175 Ibs I} 
en temperature, 100°] 


1 40 minutes; ov 


lemperatur Vhi was determined in the 


the follo 


neter (24) under wing testing 


GARVEY 


VR with HAI! 





Ua 


é 


ROUND GARVEY ROUND GARVEY 


1G. 4—Extrusions of BSOR with H 


onditions: Static load, 250 |bs.; throw, 0.3 incl ; on he 
lating plate, 800 r.p.m tely after the flexomete; 
Ytress-Strain: The procedure followed wa iccord } Phe per 
wice with the specifications of ASTM D-412-41, adoy lov 
in 1944, and using the Henry L. Scot 
lex Cracking: Vhe 


j 


t machine 
tests were made on th 
machine in accordance with the procedure of 
1)-8$13-44-T, issued in 1944 leach stri 
punctured completely through t) ction cen 
er with a slit type needle in place PM 0.0 
nch diameter round needk The s vas 0.125-incl TEST RESULTS 
wide by 0.028-inch The extension was one h, an 
the bend %-inch for butadiene-styrene (41°1 
ind blend and for Enjay Butyl. The ' on properti 
nches, and the bend %-inch for natural rubbe1 ng bon black 
test piece was a molded strip l-inch wide x '4-inch thi ind i gures 2 
6 inches long with a hemicylindrical transverse 
g-inch diameter) across the middle 
Abrasion: A modified Goodyear angle abrasio 
chine was used in this study 


ot ‘ 
e yrooy 


1 
] 
i 


ults obtained tn 
extension 


OV IV and Figure 


on power consumption, Tabl 


4 aX mn temperature 
Che abrasion wheels wet ry abl ind | 
31% inches in diameter and 3%-inch thicl hey 


et at an angle of 11 degrees ahead of the 


rinding stone Phe stone 


yure 
final inthe B 
center I] ; ! 37 ith Moone 
revolved at 85.4 1 ure OS with 1 i! 
vith load of 32 pound Che wheels 

minute break-in grinding and were then weigh: 
vheels were abraded four minute 
f 


tions, ora total of 32 minute 


wer 

pure 

on each of eigh ‘ nka Table X 

_and were then re 

lwo wheels were used for each sample, 

eported are an average of the result vith extrusion 

Torsional Hysteresis: The tests were made at 200 lable XII 

using the procedure outlined by Mooney and Ger! 
Compression Set; The test was made in the 

flexometer and the sample used was the one t ‘1 il XV and Figure 

heat build up Initial compression re iding 

immediately after the flexometer had | 


been irt and if ik, Table XVIII 
the balance bar had been leveled horizontally nal hy f has 


ind 
per unit length 

and the 

for the two | } 


xtruded gauge 
1 and | pure 
\loones corch | 


(;00d1 Cl ‘ X1\ and | Ivure 


th eleetrica 


' , 
vith modul 
th ten 


ile tren I ' XVII \ tl 


wy 


e hardn 


ines 0 i! t| 
compression reading was taken at the 


ute evcle and before the machine was stopped 
lculated low 
cent compression Was Calculated a POUO 


end ol 





» 
rs 


FIG. 8—BSOR-ISAI 
(12 Min. MB Mix) (2 Min. MB Mix) 


FIG. 10—NR-ISAF 
(2 Min. MB Mix) J WB Mix) 


FIG. 12—BRS-HAI 13—BSR-HAI FIG. 14—BSOR-HAF 
(2 Min. MB Mix) Vin. MB Mix) (2 Min. MB Mix) 


VR-H Al 
WB Mix) 





IS—BSR-FEF 19—BSR-F Eh FIG. 20—NR 
Vin. MB Mix) (12 Alin. MB Mix) (2 Min. MB 


FIG. 21—NR-EP( Enjay Butyl-MP( ia {—Finjay Butyl M P¢ 
12 Min. MB Mix) > Min. MB Mix) 2 Min. MB Maa 


FIG. 24—BSR-HAF 
(MB 3 Min Will 0) 


FIG. 27—BSR-H AF S—BSR-HAF IG. 29Y—BSR-H 
(MB 5 Min Vill 4) (MB Vin. —Mill 0) (MBO Min Will 


DECEMBER 








PPECT OF 


Rubber tadiene-Styrene 


(41°h) 


Kav y 
| 212°F R4 
(Carbon Black A] HAF 
Loading PHR 
Banbus Mix l inne 

( Minutes ) 

Masterbatc] 

]! 


/ 


MIXING TIME oD 


PowER CONSUMPTION 


Butadiene-Styrene 
Extended wit! 
374% Parts 


PHR 


();] 


$17 
39] 
14 
93 
/00 
RSS 
93) 
1061 
1146 
1232 
136% 


(Wartt-Howurs ) 
50:50 Blend 
Butadiene-Styrene 
( +] F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil kxtended 


Natural- 


71 
ISAI HAI 
{) {) 





Pable XX VIII deals with the effects of mixing time on 
ISKR-ISAI Fable XXIX with mixing BSR 
Al, kigure 56 with properties of BSR 
Al’, Figure 57 with reinforcement properties of BSR 
\l lable X X xX with mixing tine on BSR FEF, 
lable XXXII with mixin time on BSOR-IS Ak, and 

lable XXXII with mixing time on BSOR-HAF. 
Fable XXXII deals with the effects of mixing time 
blend of BSR and OR-ISAF, Table XXXI\ 
f R and BSOR-HAF, 
NR-ISAKF, Table 


vith mixing time on a blend of B 

Fable XXX\ 
NR HAF, Table 
KPC, and Table 


XXXVI with 
XXXVII 
XXXVITL with mixing time on Enjay Butyl-M P¢ 
Fable XXXIX_ deal with the effect of additional 
sheet-off mill, 
HAE 


work on BSR-ISAKF maste 
with additional 


time on 


proce ny 


Ola 
with mil yr time on 
mixing Lin on 


with mixing tu on NR 


rbatch on the 


Table XL. with additional work on BSR master 


batch on. the heet-off mill, Table XLI 





——————— 


~ POWER CONSUMPTION 








. 


4 


6 0 2 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 


WATT-HOURS 
z 











——————————— 








umption, MB 


VR-EP( 


k1lG. 30-—Power cons 
BSR-HAF, NR-ISAF, 


work 
and 


Pable 


masterbatch on the 


mill, 
HAI 


sheet-oft 
NR 


on NR-ISAF masterbatch on the 
XLII with additional work on 
sheet-off mull 


DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 


Processing 


Power Consumption. 


(watt-hour 


lion 


powc! 
specih 
black, 
(BSOR) 
with 3 parts less 
rubber 
powet! 
powell 


The data on power consump 
) presented in Table LV indicate that 
consumption increases with mixing time. For a 
and with the same type of carbon 
at equal loading, oil-extended butadiene-styren 
Mooney of 59, and compounded 


nuxing time, 


raw 
softener than butadiene-styrene (41°F. ) 
Mooney of 84, takes less 
BSR. It 
with a raw Mooney of 


with a 


with a raw 


unextended 


( BSR ) 
than the 
than natural 


takes less 
Ov). 


also 


rubber 





WATT=}HOURS 





POWER CONSUMPTION 





2 


A° 


L Kb \\ - 
Ay 1) : f 
4 


N 
2 6 4 0 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 


3 

















1G. 31—Power consumption, MB 
BSR-ISAF, NR-HAF, Enjay Butyl-M P( 








\ 
Rubber ae rren Bu 


TABLI Errect OF MIXING TIME ON 
tadiene-Styrene 


(41°F) 


/ 


Raw Mooney 
! ML—212°F . 
Carbon Black 
PHR 
Banbury Mix 
( Minutes) 
Masterbatch 
ly, 


Loading 


Time 


| 


ISAI 


() 


CEMPERATURI 


Butadiene-Styrene 
Extended wit! 


Parts Oil 


"HR 


HAF 
0) 


(°F) of MASTERBATCH IN BANBURY 
50:50 Blend 
Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) and 


Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 


Natural 


71 
ISAF HAI 
0 50 


oo 
HAI 
$s 


ISAI bb 


13 





though the latter contains half a part more softener and 
2 parts less black (HAF) PHR 

More power is required by BSR compounded with 50 
HAF black PHR than by natural rubber, though 
2! softener and 2 part 
black PHR Ienjay Butyl compounded with MI" 
requires the least power. Slightly mors 
quired to mix rubber with ISAF than with HAF at equal 
loadings. Likewise, more power is needed to mix BSR 
HAF than BSR-FEF at equal loadings It takes more 
powel mix natural rubber with 43 parts of ISAI 
black PHR than with 48 parts HAF black It also takes 
more power to mix in 48 parts HAF black PHR 
1) parts EPC black 

Che difference in power for the 
rubbers and blacks studied is definitely established at the 
2 minute From there the 
tended, the power requirement increases linearly 


parts 
the 


More 


former contains » parts more 


powel Is eé 
to 
than 
Variou 


re quire ment 


time 1 cK 


Phe 


11s on, as Mix 





MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, MB 


\\ 
SS 





IN \\)) 
W/Z 





10 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 














FIG. 32—Maximum temperature, MP 


BSR-HAF, BSOR-HAF, Blend-HAI 


EC EMBER 1956 


ive! 


ave 


watt-hours increase for « 


In mixing time ts as follows 


HAI 
te 
bh 
MIi’¢ 

It 
require 
minute 
that re 


BSR respectively compounded with | Al 


powell 


blend of 


s thus 


Butadien 
Stvrene 
(41° 1 
4 
) 


5 1 


ind 


t BSR 


nel 


ISA] 
ae powe! 
This is also 


()k if 


ipparent tha 
about the 
step-up in mixing time 


BSKR-Fke] I} 


Sci Tile ist 


quired by ol 
require 


HAI 


nore pr 


with 


require 


rubber 
(dk 


than the 
BSR 


and [Ss 








MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, MB 





.) 
eP// 
oy Yf 





oe) 
\\SSSs : 
ised 


\\\\ 


\ 


MIXING TIME, MINUTES 





Wh 


/’( 


kelG 
BSOR-IS Ih, 


Vaximum te m perature, 


VR-EPC, Enjay Butyl 











Loading PHR 


Banbur Mix 
( Minutes) 
MB Final 
J 


Mixinc Time ON TEMPERATURE (°] 


Butadiene-Styrene 
Extended wit! 
37% Parts Oil 


PHR 


ISAF 


) oF FInaL IN BANBURY 
50:50 Blend 
Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 


HAE 


Natural——— 


EPC MP‘ 


50 50 


HAI ISAF ISAF HAF 





BSOR Natu 
mg of 43 part 
NR-HAEF whe 

Figure 30 sh 


IMCTCASINY WX 


NR-E PC 
ISAT, NR 


and 


in Table V on 
longer the 
the higher 
hus, a Lem pe 
BS | \] Mh 
it attains 37% 
ule 

SAI 
270°K, for the 


12 miintute mis 


HAI 
Maximum Temperatures. 


King tine 


load 


than 


ral rubber-ISAI, despite the lower 
black PHR, requires more 
re the black loading is 48 
ows graphically the power consumption at 
ing of BSR-HAF, NR-ISAF and 
Figure 31 the power consumption of BSR 
and Ienjay Butyl-M PC 
Vasterbatch: Vhe data 
naximum temperature indicates that the 
of a masterbatch in the Banbury, 
developed by the stock 
rapidly developed by 
2 minutes, and 
reaches 12 min 


powell 


tine 


the temperature 
rature of 316°] 
isterbatch mixed for only 
| when the mixing time 
a temperature ot 
ind reach 332°R. for the 
likewise develop tem 


masterbatch cde velop 
? minute mix 


NR masterbatch 








MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, FINAL 








2 








7 . 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 








FlG 
BSK 


34-Maximum temperature, Final 


HAF, BSOR-HAF, Blend-HAF 


for the 2 minute mixes of 


peratures trom 248° to 264° F 
351° to 367°F. at the 12 


the various blacks, and reach 
minute mix 

\n [njay Butyl masterbatch develops a temperature 
of 242°F. for the 2 minute mix and reaches 380°F. for 
the 12 minute mix Phe temperature 1s 
greater with BSR compounded with high structure blacks 
such as ISAF and FEF, with NR compounded with oil 
base furnace blacks, and with Enjay Butyl compounded 
with MPC. It is least with BSR and BSOR compounded 
with HAF. ‘The trends in maximum temperature de 
velopments in the case of masterbatches, as a result of 
longer mixing, are illustrated in Figures 32 and 33. 

\s is evidenced from the data in Table V on mixings 

masterbatches, ISAF and FEF mix hotter than HAF 

BSR. ISAF mixes hotter than HAF in BSOR and 

its blend with BSR; ISAF, despite its lower loading 

| 43 parts PHR, mixes hotter in NR than HAF or 


Increase Mm 





MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, FINAL 








\ 


We : 
WSR 
RK 


U7 

/ 

NN 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 




















FIG. 35—Maximum temperature, Final 
BSOR-ISAF, NR-EPC, Enjay Butyl-MPC 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 








VII—Errerect or MIXING 


Butadiene-Styrene 


(41°h) 


‘TABLE 


371 


Raw Mooney 
+’ ML—212°F 
Carbon Black 
Loading PHR . 
Banbury Mix 

( Minutes) 
MB Final 


1M Be 


me 
— > 


ANNA nAN nh 


os 


n 


NM N bobo hort 
SKN we 


sit 


mn 


~ hv bo tv 
NNNN = 


t 


() 


[IMI 


Butadiene-Sty 

Extende 
Parts Oil (41°F) 
PHR iBT 


59 


ISAI 


ON COMPOUNDED MooNry VISCOSITY 


50:50 Blend Natural 
Butadiene-Styrene 

and 

itaciene-Styrene 

Oil Extended 


rene 
d with 


60 
HAI 


18 


71 
ISAF 
sO 


ISAI 
13 


HAF 
) 


HAI 
0 





IkPC at 48 and 50 respective loadings PHR; HAF, 
despite its lower loading, mixes hotter than EPC; MPC 
in Iknjay Butyl mixes much hotter than EPC in NR 

Final: On the other hand, as shown in Table VI, 
longer the period a masterbatch is mixed, the lower 
the temperature developed by its corresponding final in 
the Banbury on the addition of the curatives. The tem 
perature is least with Enjay Butyl-MPC and BSR com 
pounded with high structure blacks, such as ISAF and 
FEF, and greatest with BSOR compounded with ISAF 
and HAF, respectively. In between range BSR-HAP, 
NR-ISAF, NR-HAF and NR-EPC. The in 
maximum temperature developments in the case of finals, 
as a result of longer mixing, illustrated in Figures 
34 and 35 

BSR finals develop temperatures of 243° to 
been mixed only 
of the sterbatches 


the 
1S 


S 


trends 
are 


250°F. 


masterbatches have 2 min 


mixing time 


when their 


utes. But when the ma 





MOONEY VISCOSITY 





oe 


~~ 


- 








GAUGE READING AT 250° F, 










































































i j 


il, 


MIXING TIME, MINUTES 


FIG 36 
SAF, 














V ooney viscosit y 


BSR-HAF, BSOR-H AF 


CEMBER, 1956 


the temperature 


ISAF to 2 


was increased to 12 minutes, 
final decreased to 229°] that of 
that of FEF to 244°h he 
for the ISAF* final and still less for the I] 
BSOR finals develop temperatures ot 
have been MiiANce dl 


to 213°F seg 


increased 


| 
224 
when their masterbatches fi 
and temperatures of 204 
time of the masterbatches 1 
Natural rubber finals develop temperatur: 
13°F. when their masterbatehes have be 
nutes. However, the of th 
PC finals decrease but very little (from 4 t 
when the mixing time of their masterbatch 
to 12 minutes 
Knjay Butyl final develops a 
been mixed 2 n 


? 
I temperatures 
| 


temperature 
when its masterbatch ha 
creases to 216°F. when the 
batch is increased to 12 minute 


' 


mixing time o 


MOONEY Vv ISCOSITY 








o: 


MIXING TIME, MINUTES 





temperature deers 


Ps 


the 
to l2n 


hin il 


H 


\l 


ed le 


34 


ruts 


en 


‘ 


205 


X¢ ad 


\l 


bigbule 





VISCOSUY 


Butyl- 


37—M oon 


VR-EPC, knja 


IG 
VR-ISAF, 


Pe 


I 


hinute 


‘ 
‘ 


) 


anc 











Mixinc Time oN MILt SHRINKAGE (P1 


Butadiene-Styrene 50:50 Blend 
extended with Butadiene-Styrene Natural 
3714, Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
AF HAI ISAI HAI 


sf) {) () 3) 





Viscosity. The mixing t fa masterbatch will masterbatches have been mixed longer than 5 minutes 
iffect the Moone iscosity of its final, provided all othe1 In general, an increase in the mixing time of the BSR 
conditions are equal, longer mixing will reduce the masterbatches from 2 to 12 minutes will decrease the 
viscosity, affecting some rubber ore than others. Thus, viscosity of FEF finals only 2 points ; those of ISAF 
longer mi nye of masterbatche ll reduce the viscosity finals, 5 pots and those of H Al finals, 4 points. 

natural rubber final ore than those of BSK In the case of BSOR, longer mixing of its master 

OK will show a greater reduction in viscosity than batches will affect the viscosity of the finals more than 

K and that of Ienjay Butyl will not decrease as much those of BSR \n increase in the mixing time from 2 

that of BS ¢. The trends in cosity changes a1 to 12 minutes decreases the viscosity of BSOR-ISAF 

ited in F4 %% and 3 finals, 11 points, and that of HAF finals, 14 points. It 
een tructure blacks, such a is obvious that increased mixing time will have a more 
Piel and ISAT, impart highes iscosity than HAF. In pronounced effect on the viscosity of HAF finals than on 


natural rubber, PC induces lower viscosity than HAF ISAF finals 


‘ @ mW r time of thre imsfterpatcnes 18 ;{ mye . : 
when the n 1 f th batch is as long In the case of the blend of BSOR with BSR. the vis 


is 0 munis However, at longer erg time, the cosity levels of its finals are higher than those of BSOR 

of the two types 1s tl , MPC imparts a However, the decrease in the viscosity, when the mix 
ing time of the masterbatch has been stepped up trom 
2 to 12 minutes, is only 8 points for the ISAF finals of 
the blend as against I] points for the finals of BSOR 
ISAI Likewise, the decrease in viscosity of the HAF 
finals of the blend is only & points as against 13 point 


for the BSOR-HAF finals 


In the case of natural rubber, longer mixing of its 


viscosity in Eenjav Butyl 
In the case of} 3 Ix the IscO ISAK and 
FEF final rdlv affected when thei responding 


SHRINKAGE 
masterbatche CAUSE a pronounced decrease in the 1s 
cosity of the final \n increase from 2 to 12 minutes 
in the mixing time reduces the viscosity 25 pomts for 
the ISAT finals, 24 points for the HAF finals, and 20 


points for the natural rubber finals, considering. that 


loadings of 43 part ISAF black PHR and 48 parts HAF 


sUTYI mpd black PHR were used in comparison with 50 parts EP( 
aa we black PHR 


tJ -— 
—— \ 

Uy 77>~ SV In the case of Enjay Butyl, longer mixing oft its 

" RSOR HAR masterbatches brings about only a moderate reduction in 


LJ 
‘ 
, ‘ 
C4) ‘ S . - 
UGS LL // UT] the viscosity of its finals. Thus, an increase from 2 to 
N= 124 4 12 minute mixing time of its masterbatches reduces the 
viscosity of the finals only 7 points, and this decrease 1s 
not evident until the masterbatch has been mixed at least 
\\ & minutes, when it reaches sufficiently high temperature 
From the viscosity results, the conclusions are evident 
7. . ' 7 0 i 0 that longer mixing time of masterbatches will have the 
greatest effect on the viscosity of natural rubber finals, 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES and the least effect on rubber compounded with blacks 


possessing more structure 











/ ae vA \/ ) nkag Shrinkage. Shrinkage may be regarded asa meas 
BSR-ISAF, BSOR-HAF, Enjay Butyl- AT P¢ ure of nerve higher shrinkage indicates more 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER 








TABLE [X—Errect or MIXING TIMI 


Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) 


v/ 


Carb I slack 
sading PHR 
Banbury Mix 
( Minutes ) 
Final 

» 


ISAI HAF 


1 1 


MB 
1% 


) 


ON 


Butadiene 
extended with 
} Parts O 


PHR 


ISAI 


[EXTRUSION SHRINKAGE (Per CENT) 


Styrene 50:50 Blend 
Butadiene- Styrene 
(41°F) and 
Butadiene-Stvrene 
Oil Extended 
ISAF HAE 


au aL 


Natural 


HAL 


SU 





lhe 
reduced by longer mixing 
VIII 


1s quite evi 


nerve, and a lower shrinkage, less nerve 
inherent in rubber can be 
he extent of the reduction is shown in T; 
and [° lt 


dent masterbatch 


ible 
and in Figures 38 and 39 
the data that 
mixed, the less nerve 1s 
final 
The data reported in Table VIII are meas 
he sheeted finals sampled at the open mill 
The data reported in Table IX 
ements of extruded sampled at the ex 
lhe latter 
higher than those shown by the mill samples, 
much the taken flat (mill 
) and round (extrusion samples) forms of the 
ted to dif 
the 


Irom the longet a 1S 


present in the corresponding 
irements 
of 


to sheeting ott 


Ol 
ine 
ston ks 


Measul 


truder measurements are considerabl) 


ma 
as measurements 


are on 


sample ‘ 


" 
Stan t 


on stocks that had been subje 
Nevertheles two set 
of isurements signify the extent to which rubber will 
shrink at different ot iffording 

nd of the amount of the 


is well a> 


ferent degrees of breakdown 


stage proc thu 


ssinyg, 


ition nerve present im 


It 


it tor 


truded 


rbat« h 


cleat As ol the ( 
the mast 


shrinkage o1 


each 
{ nerye 
iter for BSOR than for 
BSOR, and 

slightly mor 

il rubber 


ining the samc type ot <. the 
orresponding final } 
In the blend of BSR and 
the shrinkage nerve 
In the case of the 
d that since it compounded with 


of ISAF HAF, 


refore finals 


ore 


rubber 
BSR 


con ere 


Ol 
of natut 
ind rubbet hecome 


the 


ge or nerve of 


ip 


ny MlOre 
will shrink 

Butyl 
than that of natural rubber, though each ( 
th the black | 
h MP Pt 


ate period than 7 


and more 


Ienjay consideral 


Ww! same loading of channel 


wit ind natural rubber with 


rl for a 
the 
rubber compounded with EP 
Khe} 
+] 


Loan 


matches longer 


ery little shrinkage of BSR, 


blacl 
wACI 
those 


f } 


nose 


finals containing high structure 
less nerve 

turn shrink 
Finals of natural rubber containing EP 
those HAI 
loading PHR 
\ 13 parts ol 


and therefore have 
ISA] 
HAI 


more 


vhich in le than 
despite the tae 
vhereas that 


SAF wet 
wert 


than containing 
the | }¢ 
is only 48 


1) parts 


OMY 


| 
a. he 


natu il rubber finals. it snot urprising that they 


nore than those which contain 48 parts of HAI 
Vill Mill stoc] how ( 
pattern of shrinkage ure 
corresponding extruded stocl 


In BSR, the ISA] 
compounded with Fick | 


the 


hown 


final nore of | 


ment a by 

with the following « Kcep 
hrink |e those 

rubber 

between | \l 

of mill 

iderably I 


tions final than 
there ! i 


hi Al 


atl 


n natural 


greater difference in shrinkage ind 


final furthermore, the hrinkagt unipl 


minute ore than 
pondin yr 


’ 
I he 


a prope riyv ol 


con 
truded ste 
veight per unit 
iffected by 
i terbatch 


ola 
yond 


i unit length ot the corre | 
Wi ! ht data for extrusions of ivi 


Ing 


mixings longer than 
that shown by the 

Extrusion Weight. 
truded stock is 
ny Phe longer the mi 
the the 
ng extruded 


corre wl 
leng 


the mi 


rubber 


time nye time mi 


weight of 
tock 


lower 


ous rubbers in relation to the tine 


respe nding masterbatch ’ ented in lable 


Figures 40 and 41 


pre 


1 





EXTRUSION SHRINKAGE 


‘ 
‘ 


| 
8 it) 


5 








¢U) 


Ih, 


/ 
BR 


LdG 


SR-1S VR-EP 








TaBLe X—Errect or Mixinc Time on Extrusion Weicut (GRAMS Per METER) 


Rubber Butadiene-Styrene Butadiene-Styrene 0:50 Blend 
(41°F) Extended with Butadiene-Styrene Natural 
371% Parts Oil (41°F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
arbon Blac ISA ‘ ISA] HAF ISAF HAF 
sading PHR () 0) iH 50 


Janbur 


169 
s6.4 
44? 
33.4 
37 ® 
32.4 
470 
$1.7 
31.3 
S08 
10] 





\ review of the data shows that increasing the mix Ienjay Butyl extrusions containing MPC weigh most 
ing time of a masterbatch from 2 to 12 minutes causes per unit length, whereas those of BSR compounded 
a decrease of 17.3 per cent in weight of a unit length with the high structure black FEF weigh the least. In 
of the corresponding extrusion of the blend of BSR with between range the following extrusions, in the order 
BSOR compounded with ISA] Llowever, there 1s only of decreasing weight: BSOR and the blend of BSOR 
a decrease of } per cent in weight with the extrusion of with BSR each compounded with HAF; BSOR-ISAF; 
natural rubber compounded with 43 parts ISAF black BSR-HAF; a blend of BSOR with BSR-ISAF; nat 
PHR. In between range the following extrusions in the ural rubber-EPC; BSR and natural rubber compound 
order of decreasing weight: BSOR-ISAF, 16.6 per cent ; ed with ISAF black respectively, and natural rubber 
blend of BSR with BSOR-HAF, 14.4 per cent; BSOR HAF. 

HAI, 14.2 per cent; BSR-HAF, 12.0 per cent; natural In BSR, using equal loadings of black PHK and a 
rubber compounded with 48 parts HAF black PHR and mixing time ranging from 1% to 12 minutes, the HAF 
enjay Butyl-MPC, 11.1 per cent, respectively; natural extrusions weigh the most; the ISAF extrusions ay 
rubber-IePC, 10.8 per cent; BSR-ISAF, 9.6 per cent, erage 93 per cent of the weight of the HAF extrusions, 
and BSR-FEF, 7.0 per cent. It is obvious that as the and the FEF extrusions average 90 per cent of the weight 
mixing time of masterbatches of BSOR and those of of the HAF extrusions. 

its blend with BSR is increased, their corresponding In BSOR and in its blend with BSR, using equal 
extrusions lose more weight per unit length than the loadings of black PHR and a mixing time ranging 


extrusions which were not extended with oil from 1% to 12 minutes, the ISAF extrusions average 








_ EXTRUSION WEIGHT = EXTRUSION WEIGHT 














Ya 
ea \N 
7 


_ 


MIXING TIME, MINUTES MIXING TIME, MINUTES 























FIG, 40—Extrusion weight FIG. 41—E-xtrusion weight 
BSR-HAF, BSR-FEF, BSOR-HAF NR-ISAF, NR-EPC, Enjay Butyl-M P(¢ 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER. |956 








Taste XI—Errectr or M1x1inc Time on Extrupep GAUGE ( DIAMETER-INCH ) 


Rubber hte wht Butadiene-Styrene Butadiene-Styrene 50:50 Blend 
(41°F) Extended with Butadiene-Styrene Natural 
371_ Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
Carbon Black Jecnnae ISAF HAF ISAF HAF 
Loading PHR . P 5 (0) 50 50 50 
Banbury Mix Time 
( Minutes) 
MB Final 
, 


) 


“< 
) 





96 and 93 per cent, respectively, of the weight of the effect is shown by BSOR extrusions, blends of BSOR 
HAF extrusions with BSR, and by Ienjay Butyl The least reduction 
In natural rubber, using a mixing time ranging from in gauge is shown by natural rubber-E-PC extrusions 
1'% to 12 minutes, the HAF extrusions with a loading In between, and in order of decreasing gauge, are BSK 
ot 48 parts black PHR average 94 per cent of the and natural rubber compounded with HAF black; BSIx 
weight of the EPC extrusions containing 50 parts black compounded with ISAF and FEF blacks respectively, 
PHR:; the ISAF extrusions with a loading of only 43 and natural rubber-ISAI 
parts black PHR average 9.7 per cent of the weight of \t the short mixing time of only 2 minutes of the 
the IPC extrusions. masterbatch, the Enjay Butyl-MPC extrusion is: thicl 
Extruded Gauge. In the production of extruded est in gauge, whereas BSR compounded with the high 
materials, it is of paramount importance to have the tructure black FEF is thinnest in gauge In between, 
stocks remain true to gauge and adhere to the propet ind in order of decreasing gauge, are BSOR and if 
dimensions and to the limits of toleranes It is of in blend with BSR; BSR compounded with HAF and 
terest, therefore, to review the effects of mixing time ISAF blacks respectively, and natural rubbes 
on extruded gauge. The measurements for the variou Increasing the mixing time of the masterbatch to 12 
rubbers and blacks are presented in Table XI and a few minutes still leaves the Enjay Butyl-MPC extrusion 
ire charted in Figures 42 and 43. thickest in gauge, and BSR-FEF and natural rubber 
It is obvious that longer mixing of a masterbatch EPC thinnest. In between, and in order of decreasing 
results in decisive reduction in gauge The greatest gauge, are BSOR-HAI blend of BSOR with BSK 








EXTRUDED GAUGE EXTRUDED GAUGE _ 


AK 


oe \ 








« 


DIAMETER-INCH 
DIAMETER-INCH 


i. Mw 


4 6 8 0 2 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES MIXING TIME, MINUTES _—_— 


FlG 42 I: rtruded Gauge hlG $3 / xtruded gauge 
BSR-HAF, BSR-FEF, BSOR-HAI BSR-ISAF, NR-EPC, Enjay Butyl-M P 








U/ 
AN 





© 























Mix1nG Time on Ex’ 


Bi 


1 


I 


37 Pa 


tadiene-Styrene 
xtended wit! 
, 


i) 


" PHR 


ISAF HAF 


{) {) 


76.1 
74.7 
HU0 
67.1 
650 
63.6 
(7 } 
29 


ine 





compound d 


natural rubbe 


respectively 


BSk extru 
pounded with 
ional stabilit 


masterbatche 


with HAF; BSR-HAKF; BSOR-ISAF; duced by FEF in BSK has been mentioned previously. 


! compounded vith [cP ind IS \h blacks, 


It is evident that the type rubbe r, the type and quan 


blend of BSOR with BSR compounded tity of black used, and the mixing time are governing 


with ISAF, and BSR-ISAI 


ions and those natural rubber 
1h howed ey nee of greater 
and more co tent gauge atter 
s, whereas more difficult to attain dimensional stability and unt 


had been mixed about 6 minute 


factors of the gauyve, its consistency, and the dimens onal 


com tability of the extruded stocl 
dimen Swell. ‘The swell of extruded rubber is markedly 


their affected by mixing time Differences in swell make it 


Ienjay ButvI-MPC, BSOR and its blend with BSR. and formity of extrusion Swell is closely related to the 


natural rubber compound ad 


rm pectively 


vith ISAF and HAF blacks nerve in rubber The more nerve, the greater is the 
require a longer mixing time for their mas swell of the extrusion Che relationship between the 


terbatches before they start showing a trend toward di mixing time of a masterbatch and the per cent swell 


mensional stability and consistency of gauge 
It is noteworthy that in natural rubber a loading of in Figures 44 and 45 


18 parts HAI 


black PH R induces a distinctly 


of its corresponding extrusion is shown in Table XII and 


thinne l'rom the data presented in Table XII, it is evident 


gauge extrusion than 50 parts of Ik-PC black or 43 parts that BSR extrusions, stemming from masterbatches 


of ISAK black However, in BSR, BSOR, 


of BSOR with BSR, ISAF extrusions are of 
gauge than the HAI Phe thinne of the gauge 





) 


and blend mixed for only 2 minutes, will swell from 54 to 76 per 
thinner cent, depending upon the type of black used, whereas 
pro natural rubber extrusions from masterbatches mixed for 








EXTRUSION SWELL 





10 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 





EXTRUSION SWELL 








Uy 


KK 


Ul 
a AUT & 


“ 

















BS] 


hlG I] UsStTON swell 
HAF, BSK , BSOR-IS Ak 





MIXING TIME, MINUTES 


klG. 45 Extrusion swell 
BSR-ISAF, NR-EPC, Enjay Butyl-M P¢ 





RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER 








Mixinc TIME ON Mooney Scorcu 


1. Minutes to Reach One Point Above Minimum 
90:50 Blend 
Butadiene-Styrene 

4/ Parts Oil (41°F) and 

PH R Butadiene-Stvret 
Onl | x tended 
HAI ISAI HAI 
{} yt) {)} 


XITI—Errect o1 


PABLI 


taciene-Styrene Butaciene-Styrene 


(41°) ) Extended witl 


arb mn Blacl 
PHR 
Janbury Mix 
( Minutes 

IB na 
%, ) 37 13 
; a Te +4 
K{) 0) 14 
39 7 4] 
}] y/ 13 
}] 1) $2 
$2 KW) 42 
+] +] 4] 
}] }] +2 
+] Ww tl 
13 13 $2 
43 13 12 


2. Minutes to Reach Three Points Above Minimum 


oading 
Time 





i) 


4) 


fy 
43 
A 
} 
t/ 
) 
1X 
}/ 
1X 
7 
() 
19 


te 
}‘ 


11 
}? 
\? 
43 
Ht 


Hy 
TD 


; 


We {) 


l 

{) 
1s 
19 
1é 
19 
$X 
9 
1x 
0 
9 


{} 
| 
9 
}) 
{) 
l 
9 


3. Minutes to Reach Equivalent of the First Minute Reading 





GAUGE READING 


MOONEY SCORCH RATE 





— 


ne 
uw 


J 


~ 
Mw 





\\\ 


4 
2 


\\" 


" 


rs \ 
BSOR-HAF 


\epeenty 
\\ AM 2 


TIME, MINUTES 


SS) 














GAUGE READING 


3 


MOONEY SCORCH RATE 





~~ 


~~ 
w 





[BUTYL-FPC) 





<Ti) 


\ 


4 


SNS 
| NR<HAF | 
Ay, 


TIME, MINUTES 





hlG I; 


V/ 


hle 


( 


ras 


ral 


‘ 
‘ 


4 


4 


‘ 
. 
i 








k1G. 46—Mooney scorch rat 


BSR-HAK, BSOR-HAF, NR-ISAI VR-HAK, NR-EPC, Enjay Butyl 





a similar period swell from 62 to 65 per cent; BSOR 
extrusions, from 92 to 100 per cent; extrusions from a 
blend of BSR with BSOR, 82 to 86 per cent, and Enjay 
112 per cent 
hand, BSR extrusions from master 
swell from 41 to 
black used, 
from masterbatches 
period well from 43 to 54 per 
cent; BSOR extrusion Irom 96 to 6) per cent; ex 
blend of BSR with BSOR, from 4% 
Butyl extrusions, 79 per cent. 
Longer mixing of masterbatch of BSR, BSOR, 
blend of BSR with BSOR, and natural rubber will con 
reduce the vell of their corresponding ex 
trusion However n the case of Itnjay Butyl, its 
must be mixed at least 12 minutes in or 


Butyl extrusion 

(On the other 
batche mixed as long a 12 minute 
. the type ol 


per cent, depending upon 


whereas natural rubber extrusion 
mixed lor ilar 
trusion from 


to 57 per cent; and Ienjay 


ice rably 


masterbatche 
der to reduce the vell of the corresponding extrusions 
to the same level which the other rubbers achieve within 
1’. to 4 minute 
It is also evident from the data in Table XII that for a 
xing time of the asterbatch and using the 
SOR extrusions swell much more 
than those IS] a blend of BSR with 
SOK vell more than those of BSR Natural rubber 
blacl ss than BSR 
Longer mix 
containing ISAK 
swell than that 
ISAF 


mixed for a 


ixing of their masterbatches 


pecefice mi 
Attic typ ol blach B 
and those fron 


extrusions containing HAI 
extrusions likewise containing HAI 
masterbatche 


ing of natural rubber 


black result 1 extrusion ith more 


hown by BSK extrusions likewise containing 


black and 
imilar period, considering that in the case of the nat 
less than that 


from masterbatches 


ural rubber, the \l 
used in BSR 


loading / part 


extrusions containing the high structure black FEE 
well the least, those with | \l vell a little more, 
HAI vell still more The swell of 
contaming Flek and those of natural 
reduced only little after their 
been mixed 7 minutes 


and those with 
BSR extrusion 
rubber containing EPC 1 
corresponding masterbatches ha 
or longer 

Obviously, 1 mixing time of BSOR and the blend 
tended in order to reduce 
the swell of their extrusion Furthermore, rubber with 
HAF must | mixed longer than that with ISAF in 
order to obtain extrusion comparable in swell. — Like 
rubber containing [P< 


CD ) ) 
of BS V1 SSOR must be « 


wise, masterbatches of natural 

must be mixed longer than those containing HAF to ob 

tain extrusion 
Scorch Rate 


essential te eliminate 


comparable in well 
( ontrol ot corch rate of a stock 1S 
precuring of during 


unitormit mm extrusion, The 


batches 
processing and to a ure 
role of mixing time, in relation to the scorch rate of 
various rubbers compounded with different types of re 
inforemyp blacks hown in the data listed in Table 
NIT, and illustrated by the graphs in Figures 46 and 
currently being 
scorch poimt, the measurements 
ol seorch time reported in thi tudy were determined 
in the Mooney (MS) machine at 250°F., and are based 


on (a) the time 


17 In view of the varied procedurs 


used in establishing the 


required to reach one point above the 
lowest Mooney reading ; (b) the time required to reach 
35 points above the lowest Mooney reading, and (c) the 
Mooney reading recorded at 
Figure 1 illus 


Mooney 


time required to equal the 
the end of the first minute of the test 
trates the method tablishing the 
scorch 

\ review of the data definitely establishes that a stock 
which has been subjected to longer mixing will subse 
the time varying 


used in 


quently take a longer time to scorch 


as to resistance 


for different rubbers and blacks. The increase in scorch 
time as a result of longer mixing is largest with Enjay 
Butyl-MPC, the blend of BSR with BSOR, and natural 
rubber-EPC. The increase in scorch time is least with 
BSR compounded with the high structure black FEF 
and natural rubber-ISAF. 

In the short mixing time of 2 minutes, the BSOR 
ISAF extrusion, and those of blends of BSOR with 
BSR require the longest time to scorch, whereas natural 
rubber-HAF scorches more quickly. In between, and 
in order of decreasing time to scorch, are BSOR-HAF ; 
Enjay-Butyl-MPC; BSR-ISAF; natural rubber-EPC; 
BSR compounded with FEF and HAF blacks respective 
ly, and natural rubber-ISAk 

Increasing the mixing time from 2 to 12 minutes 
still finds BSOR and the blends of BSOR with BSR 
taking the longest time to scorch, whereas natural rub- 
ber compounded with ISAF and HAF blacks respective 
ly scorches more quickly. In between, and in order of 
decreasing time to scorch, are Enjay Butyl-MPC; BSR 
compounded with ISAF and HAF blacks, respectively ; 
, and BSR-FEF. 

The scorch time features of HAF and ISAF versus 
those of EPC in natural rubber are clearly established 
for a series of mixing times. HAF at 48 parts black 
PHR scorches in much shorter time than 50 parts EPC 
black PHR. Obviously, EPC is much safer processing 
than HAF in natural rubber. HAF at 48 parts black 
PHR induces scorch in slightly less time than that 
brought about by ISAF at 43 parts black PHR. There 
appears to be but very little difference in scorch time 
between ISAF and HAF in BSK 


natural rubber-. P< 


Dispersion 


It is generally agreed that to attain the maximum 
value of carbon blac put into rubber, it is desirable to 
homogeneously dispersed The thoroughness 
a carbon black 1s dispersed in rubber is 
the mixing time All other 


have it 
with which 
practically 

conditions being equal, inadequate mixing as a result of 
a reduction in mixing time leads to poor distribution 
or incomplete dispersion of the black. As the mixing 
time 1s increased, all the carbon black particles become 
rubber, there is a more uniform distri 


pove rned by 


wetted by the 
bution of the black throughout the rubber matrix, and 
the dispersion is definitely improved. 


Dispersions obtained from 2 to 12 minute mixings of 
They 
ISAk 
black in natural rub 
The 2 minute mix 


masterbatches are compared in Figures 6 to 29 
deal with ISAF, HAF and FEF blacks in BSR; 
and HAF blacks in BSOR; EP 
ber, and MPC black in Enjay Butyl. 
shows poor distribution of the black, 
minute mix shows more satisfactory dispersion. The 
difference in dispersion between the 2 and the 12 minute 
mixings is evidence that a longer mixing time is essen 
tial to obtain a better degree of dispersion 


whereas the 12 


But in gaining better dispersion, other factors must 
also be considered, such as increased power consump 
tion, increased mixing costs, and reduced daily through- 
put from each mixing unit. Offsetting these are certain 
beneficial changes as a result of the longer mixing time 
Thus, the processing is improved because of more break 
down of the rubber: the viscosity is lowered; nerve is 
reduced ; extrusions are more consistent and their swell 
and shrinkage are less; appearance is better; scorch time 
is increased; likewise, electrical resistivity, modulus, and 
torsional hysteresis are increased. The effects are mixed 
to abrasion and resistance to flex (cut 


growth ) 











TABLE XIV- 


~Butadiene-Styrene— 
(41°F) 


Rubber 


3/7! 


HAF FEF 


Carbon Black 
Loading PHR . 


Banbury Mix Time 
(Minutes) 

MB Final 
ly 1,100 
1,400 
1,800 
2400 
4,100 
5,500 
7,000 
11,800 
15,000 
21,500 


1,000,000 
2,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 
7,000,000 


3,300,000 
3,500,000 
3,800,000 
4,200,000 
4,600,000 
10,000,000 5,000,000 
14,000,000 5,400,000 
18,000,000 5,700,000 
23,000,000 6,100,000 
28,000,000 6,300,000 
29,000 35,000,000 6,900,000 
38,000 43,000,000 7,100,000 
Press Cure (°F 275 275 275 
Cure, Min eR 70 70 70 


MMN NINN DN hte td ty 


] 
l 
] 


l 
2 


Errect of MIxiInc Time oN ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY 


Butadiene-Styrene 

Extended with 
Parts Oil 
PHR 


ISAF 
50 50 50 


(OHM-CM.) 


50:50 Blend 
Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
HAF ISAF HAF ISAF HAL 
50 50 50 43 +8 


Natural 


0,000 
»5,000 
65,000 
75,000 
85,000 
97,000 
110,000 
120,000 
130,000 
140,000 
150,000 
160,000 


29,000,000 
29,000,000 
30,000,000 
31,000,000 
32,000,000 
34,000,000 
46,000,000 
37,000,000 
39,000,000 
$2,000,000 
$5,000,000 
49. 000.000 


39,000 
40,000 
41,000 
43,000 
46,000 
50,000 
56,000 
61,000 
69,000 
79,000 


$30,000 
480,000 
570,000 
670,000 
800,000 
950,000 
1,110,000 
1,370,000 


340,000 850 
430,000 950 
540,000 1,150 
620,000 1,350 
695,000 1,500 
735,000 1,700 
745,000 1,900 
755,000 2,100 
765,000 2,270 1,650,000 
782,000 2,450 1,950,000 
787,000 2,650 2,300,000 S000 
800,000 2,800 2,750,000 100,000 

287 287 287 R() xt) 


60 oO OO 1) 4) ' 


OO, 





Appearance 


Mixing time definitely affects the appearance of a 
stock. Thus, mixing for only 2 minutes will yield a 
rough, dull looking extrusion. As the mixing time is in- 
creased, the extrusions become smoother and. shinier 
Contrasts in appearance of several ex 
trusions are shown in Figures 2 to 5. They represent 
BSR-HAF, natural rubber-ISAF, and Knjay Butyl 
MPC. Their corresponding masterbatches were mixed 
for 2 and 12 minutes, respectively, and extruded through 
a round die as well as through a Garvey die. The dif 
ference in appearance of each pair of stocks for the two 


In appearance, 


mixing times is quite noticeable. 

From a visual examination of the extrusions obtained 
in this study, it is evident that in BSR, BSOR, blend 
of BSR with BSOR, and natural rubber, each com 
pounded respectively with ISAF and HAF blacks, some 


Reh) Wf 

’/ 

| Uf BEN Ho 
SAF 


Wa 


MIXING TIME, MINUTES 








> 


LOG OHM-CiM. 














FIG. 48—Electrical resistivity 
BSR-ISAF, BSR-HAF, BSR-FEF 
1956 


RUBBER AGE DECEMBER 


degree of smoothness and sheen is fairly well established 


by the time the corresponding masterbatches 
mixed about 7 minutes. From there on an increase in 
mixing develops greater smoothness and more sheen 
lhere are, however, two exceptions, BSR extrusion 
containing the high structure black Fier is already 
smooth and has some sheen, even when the correspond 
ing masterbatch has been mixed for as short a time 
as 1% minutes—a like appearance in no way attained by 
the other rubbers containing ISAF or HAF or EP 


The other exception is Enjay Butyl-MP¢ Its 
| ) 
to 


have been 


blacks. 
extrusions from 
7 minutes were still rough in appearance and resem 
bled corn cobs. Though they gradually smoothed out 
with increased mixing time of the masterbatches, there 
was still some evidence of roughness, even in the ex 
had been mixed a 


masterbatches mixed as long a 


trusion whose masterbatch long a 


12 minutes. 





ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY 

















AN 


8 10 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 











FIG. 19—Electrical resistivity 
NR-ISAK, NR-HAF, NR-EP( 








ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY 











i 





4 10 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 








It ] obvio 


obtain smo 
ed with Fd 
horter mi 
of black 

keanjay But 


lilectrical resistivity 
OR-ISAF, BSOR-HAF 


\ ul that longer mix ny time 1 required to 
oth, shiny extrusions; that rubber compound 
“F acquires the desired smoothness in a much 
dng time than rubber containing other types 
and, finall ll other conditions being equal, 
vI-MPC requires a much longer mixing time 


than any other rubber to iin the same smooth appear 


Electrical Resistivity 


It 3 wel 
influenced 


amount use 


mixmy tin 
nounced 


better nat jp 


| known that electrical resistivity is decidedly 
by the partich ize of the black, its structure, 
d, and degree of di persion The effect of 


w on electrical re | ity 1 therefore pro 


mee wd uch an important tactor im creating 


rsion, As shown in Table XIV, and in Fig 





“ELECTRICAL RASISTIVITY 

















MIXING TIME, MINUTES 








FIG. 52—Electrical resistivmty 
Enjay Butyl-M P¢ 





ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY 





BSOR=HA! 











YUL, MMU A, 


Li SO 5 Yf 


8 10 z 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES 


FIG. 51—klectrical resistivity 
Blend-1S AF, Blend-H Ak 














ures 48 to 52, the resistivity increases with longer mix 
ing. In the case of BSR, a step-up in mixing time from 
2 to 12 minutes produces an appreciable increase in th 
resistivity of ISAF and HAF stocks. However, the in 
crease is less marked in the case of BSOR and natural 
rubber 

BSOR compounded with the same type of black and 
loading shows lower resistivity (better conductance ) than 
BSR. Natural rubber containing lower loadings of ISAK 
and HAF has lower resistivity than BSR containing the 
same types of black Enjay Butyl-MPC has a much 
lower resistivity than natural rubber-IPC. 

This study establishes the lower resistivity of ISAF 
over HAF, that of FEF over HAF, that of HAF over 
EPC, and that of MPC over EPC. Particular atten 
tion is directed to the differences in resistivity among 


oil-base furnace process blacks (ISAK and HAT) and 





ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY 


_ \ x xv . . 
\ \ \ \ \ \ 
\ wh \ \ \ \ 
V/ TITTAT IAT) 79 

















“s 50 100 
CURE, MINUTES AT 275° F, 


FIG. 53—Electrical resistivity—Cure Tim 
BSR-ISAF, BSR-HAF, BSR-FEF 











RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 








PaBLeE X V—Errect OF MIXING TIME ON Moputus at 300 Per Cent ELONGATION (PSI) 


Butadiene-Styrene Butadiene-Styrene 50:50 Blend 
(41°F) Extended with Butadiene-Styrene Natural 
371 Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
Black ISAI HAF ISAF HAF ISAI 


Carbon 
1) 50 50 50 13 


Loading PHR 
Banbur Mix Time 
( Minutes) 
Final 
1&2 1950 1920 1450 1OR0 
1R40) j 1970 1940 1480 111 
L880 7} 75 2020 1980 1510 1170 
1920 2060 2000 1540 171 
1950 2100 2020 1570 1200 
1980 2130 2040 1500 13] 
>] 2170 2000 1610 1350 
40) 220) 2080 1630 1400 
2220 2090 1O40 1430 
RL) 2250 2110 1600 1470 
211K) 2270 2120 1670 1480 
2285 2140 1090 15] 
7 »() 2) 


2060 


~TODI DIDS DO DO ba ta bo fo fh 


r11 
wil 
) be y Ii 

S/ Ze 


/ 287 


60 MW) HW) 





of carbon black. The condueting paths are thus reduces 
and the electrical resistivity therefore increase 

Carbon blacks of small particle size or those with ; 
high degree of structure give low resistivity valu 


Chis is readily confirmed by the results with ISAF, ELAI 


gas-base channel process black (I2P?C) in natural rubber, 

and the effect of increased mixing time on the resistivities 

The low resistivity of ISAF and the high resistivity of 

PC are outstanding, considering that 43 parts ISAI 

black PHR, 48 parts HAF black PHR, and 50 parts 

IkPC black PHR are compared Che relationship be ind FEF 

tween electrical resistivity and cure time for BSR-ISAF, 

BSR-HAF and BSR-FEF is illustrated graphically in Reinforcement 

Figure 53 Che resistivity is high in the early stage 

of the cure, but levels off after the optimum cure h Modulus. One of the reinforcement properti« 

been reached rubber which is very definitely affected by the mixing 
Iklectrical resistivity is very sensitive to dispersion time is that of modulus he data in Table XV and the 

if Phe ele illustrations in Figures 54 and how that regardl 

of the type rubber and type of reinforcing black used, 

the longer the mixing time ot the masterbatch, the higher 

the modulus The improvement in modulus is unque 

net result of better dispersion of the blacl 


ol 


Better dispersion results in higher resisti 
tric current is carried by conducting paths formed by 
continuous chains of carbon parti les which form a more 
or less persistent structure in the rubber Increased 
mixing will result in better dispersion which iccom tionably the 


panied by partial destruction of the continuous chain brought about by longer mixing. When the mixing time 











__ MODULUS AT 300% ELONGATION _ MODULUS AT 300% ELONGATION 
. a 


zi <I * 














i. 


it 
6 
MIXING TIME, MINUTES MIXING TIME, MINUTES 





L 




















FIG. 54-——Modulus at 300% elongation ' ) Vodulus at c¥}% elongation 


BSR-HAI, BSOR-ISAF, NR-IS Al ISR-ISAK, NR-HAF, Enjay Butyl-M I 


ECEMBER, 19546 








.VI-—lI¢Precr oF 


Rubber Styrene 


I) 


Laciene 
(41 


371% Par 


PHR 


(‘arbon Black 

PHR 

Banbur Mix J 
( Minutes) 


binal 
} 


ISAF 
50 


FEF 


HAF 
5 50 


Loading () 


MB 
] 


3720 
3715 
3780 
3770 
46450 
3730 
3715 
3715 
4090 
$720) 
3600 
3715 


7 
/ 


<T: 


r 


~ NO DO DO PO DO DQ Pe Do DO BND 


KF) 


(ure ( 


Min 


Cure, 


Mixine Timi 


Butadiene-Styrene 
extended with 


ON TENSILE STRENGTH (PSI) 


50:50 Blend Natural— 
Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
ISAF HAF 
50 50 


ts Ol 


HAF 
0 





) 


minutes to 12 
4100 pounds psi 
1 Otherwise the 
same—-from 200 to 300 


of the mast rbatch is 
minutes, 


stepped up from 
the most increase in modulus 
natural rubber-| 
Increase in modulus is about the 
pound for all the other rubbers compounded with 
the various black 


(Of the rubbers studied 


is observed 


in 
psi 


the blend of BSR with BSOR 
compounded with ISAF the highest modulus, 
and Ienjay Butyl]-MPC., the In between range in 
the following order, BSR compounded with ISAF and 
HAI, respectively; blend of BSR with BSOR com 
pounded with HAF; BSOR compounded with ISAF and 
HAF, respectively; natural rubber-HAF; natural rub 
ISAF, and natural rubber-E. PC. Oil-extended rub 
gives lower modulus than the unextended rubber. 
()il-base blacks impart the highest modulus. They are 
followed by I-PC in natural rubber, which in turn is fol 
lowed by MPC in Enjay Butyl. The fact that, in natural 
rubber, HAF black at 48 parts loading PHR gives con 


impart 


lowe t 


ber 


bet 


siderably modulus than EPC black at 50 parts 
loading PHR is significant. Increased modulus as a re¢ 
sult of longer mixing time would have repercussion in 
that it might tend to decrease the resistance to flex. 

Tensile Strength. An increase in mixing time has, 
but with two exceptions in this study, practically no effect 
on tensile strength. In accordance with the data listed 
in Table XVI, increasing the mixing time of the mas 
terbatch from 2 to 12 minutes does not affect the tensile 
strength of BSR, BSOR and Enjay Butyl. But it does 
decrease the tensile strength of the blend of BSR-BSOR 
compounded with ISAF, and increases that of natural 
rubber-HAF 

The highest tensile strengths are obtained with nat 
ural rubber-IePC, and the lowest tensile strengths with 
BSOR-HAF. In between range, in the following order, 
NR-ISAF; NR-HAF; BSR-ISAF; BSR-HAF; blend 
BSR-BSOR-ISAF; blend BSR-BSOR-HAF; Enjay 
ButvlI-MPC; BSR-FEF, and BSOR-ISAF 


higher 





XVII Mrxinc Timi 


Rubber | 


PABLI Ke FFECT OF 


Styrene Butadiene 


tadiene 
(41 
37% Par 


PH 


ISAF 
50) 


Black 
PHR 
Banbury Mix 
(Minu 
MB 
] 


Carbon 


Loading 


le 


hing 
} 


)) 
10 
1] 
12 


Press Cure(°F) 


Min 


Lure, 


ON 


Extended with 


ILONGATION AT BREAK (PER CENT) 


0:50 Blend Natural— 
Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
ISAF HAF 

0) at 


styrene 


ts Oil 


R 


HAI 
48 


ISAF 
13 


HAF 
50 






































XVIII 


TABLI 





Ierrect OF MIXING TIME ON 


HARDNESS (SHORE) 








ee Peper ree Pre sadee Butadiene-Styrene— Butadiene-Styrene 56:50 Blend Natural bnnyea 
(41°F) Extended with  Butadiene-Styrene sutyl 
37% Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
Cites Te a as ‘ ISAF HAF FEF ISAF HAF ISAF HAF ISAI HAI EP MEP 
mb. PRE «cs idecsce ' 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 13 18 1) () 
Banbury Mix Time 
( Minutes) 
MB Final 
ly, + SE a 63 61 62 59 57 63 60 60 oO 62 6 
2 > a eee ee Ss 62 61 62 60 57 63 60 38 60 ol ; 
3 63 61 62 60) 58 63 61 60 61 ol 
4 as 64 61 62 60 57 63 61 OO oo 62 6 
5 Se eR LS og 62 61 62 6) 58 63 61 61 61 62 ) 
6 Ma Sadredecan 63 61 62 61 58 64 61 61 61 62 6 
7 r Se 63 61 62 60 57 63 6) 60 60 6] 6 
8 Bi adeaawkies 63 61 62 61 8 O4 61 oO 61 62 6 
9 2 63 61 62 60 58 63 62 OO OO ol ; 
10 y SE ee oe 62 61 62 0 58 63 61 Oo OO 6! 6 
1] gk «Re 62 61 62 6) 58 64 6) OO Oo) 6! 6 
12 » 62 61 62 60 r 63 6) OO 61 i) 6 
Press Cure(*F) ....... 275 275 275 287 87 287 287 x) »() i) 07 


Cure, Min 








In natural rubber, ISAF black, despite its lower load 
ing of 43 parts PHR, imparts 98.3 per cent of the tensile 
strength shown by IE-PC black at 50 parts PHR; HAF 
black at 48 parts PHR imparts 94.2 per cent of the 
tensile strength of the EPC black. 

In BSR, the tensile strength of HAF black is 96.1 pet 
cent of that shown by ISAF black and the tensile 
strength of FEF black is 82.6 per cent of that shown 
by HAF black. 

In BSOR, the tensile strength of HAF ts 90.1 per cent 
of that of ISAF. In the 50:50 blend of BSR-BSOR, 
the tensile strength of HAF is 94.8 per cent of that 
shown by ISAF. 

The tensile strength of Enjay Butyl-MPC is 75.1 pet 
cent of that shown by natural rubber-PC 

Elongation at Break. Increasing the mixing time 
leads to shorter elongation at break. As shown in Table 
XVII, an increase in the mixing time of a masterbatch 
from 2 to 12 minutes decreases the elongation at break 








“ist tor be 


of the final as much as 8O points. The deer 
modulu with im 


expected in view of the increase in 


creasing mixing time. The 
break is less pronounced with oil-extended rubbet 

Braendle, Sweitzer and Steffen (27) have pointed out 
that elongation is a prerequisite for good flex crack re 
sistance, aging and tear—all cardinal factors in tire Ite 
Drogin et al (28) have demonstrated the combin 
good elongation with full modulus 

Knjay Butyl-MPC shows the highest elongation at 
break, and BSOR-HAF, the lowest. In between range 


‘ 


in the following order, NR-EPC; NR-ISAK; NR-HAI 
| 


decrease in elongation at 


ition ot 


BSR-ISAF; BSR-HAF; BSR-FEF; blend BSR 
BSOR-ISAF: blend BSR-BSOR-HAF, and BSOR 
ISAF, 

Shore Hardness. On the basis of the data shown 


in Table XVIII, it is evident that an increase in the 
mixing time of a masterbatch has no effect on the Shore 
hardness of the final. Oil-extended rubber shows lowet 











TaBLE XIX—EFFEctT OF 











Rubber Butadiene-Styrene 


M1ix1nG TIME ON RESISTANCE 


Butadiene-Styrene 













To Tear (Pounps Per INcH) 








50:50 Blend 


Natural 


(41°F) Extended with PButadiene-Styrene 
371% Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
Carbon Black ISA HAF PEF ISAF HAF ISAF HAF ISAF HAI bl’ MPC 
Loading PHR ... TF 50 50 50 50 0 50 50 13 1x ) () 
Janbury Mix Time 
( Minutes ) 
MB Final 
ly 2 422 279 16 360 5 353 418 772 71 (Wh) 07 
2 2 143 271 $12 32 215 342 34 92) 78 u i) 
3 2 {9% 271 39) 32% 213 $45 323 BOO 8OO M4 125 
4 2 418 200 450 33% 13 350 320 713 837 4 142 
5 2 397 249 442 342 13 347 347 71% 750 MH) 47 
6 2 363 259 430 277 215 353 323 R62 7H) 975 140) 
7 2 458 252 452 305 215 338 30 ” 740 1M) 10)) 
s 2 393 244 473 292 212 335 332 497 713 WW 452 
9 en eae a / 
10 2 
1] 2 
12 2 











RUBBER AGE DECEMBER, 1956 














MixinGc Time ON 


Butadiene Styrene 
Extended with 
37% Parts Oil 


PHR 


HAF 
au 


ISAI 
<0) 


REBOUND (Per Cer 


50:50 Blend 
Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
ISAI HAF 


st {) 


ISA 


Natural- 


MP¢ 


5) 


50 


HAI 
43 





ISAF black relative 
in BS¢ 


studied, and 1 
Reb 


rubbe I 
blac k ‘ 


hardn than the non 
imparts the highest hardne 
M 1'¢ n lenjay Butyl, the 
Resistance to Tear. Mi 
\n 
ce The 


rm” tine 


»alfects resistance 
of a1 
the 


in decreased 
how that increasing 
2 to 12 minutes will 


nere result 


ol 


tance 


()il-ex 
the ne 
rebour 

In 
PH 


4) par 


corre ponding final 
he largest 
H{Abk, and the smallest 
PC, and in Eenjay Butyl 
to 


pound pel decrease 


sAk 
HAI 


rubbe I 


and 


IS notes NR-I 


decrease in BSOR 
MI" Cy] 


tear than the 
I he h mest 


the lo 


lower resistance 


tended 
non-extended rubbet 
to tea ‘ 


In 


vident NR-EP¢ 
between range, in 
HAF; Enjay Butyl 
BSR-BSOR a 
B 
to 


tances in 


black 
Tor 


Wica 


ind 
the 
MI" 
ISA] 
HLA 


follow) 
blend 


BSOR-ISAF: 
directed 


SR 


m 1s the 


aa 


fins 
rebound, 


natural 


mixing 


ly low re tice 
Ie 

ound. (n the 
evident that 


has 


nasterbatch no 


il 
Ienyjay 
rubber 


and 
tended show 
m-extended 
ISAK 


rubbe r. 


rubbe I 


black 


id than 


o1ves 
vive 


ts loading PR * 


loading PHR gives much higher rebound than 


sional Hysteresis. 


sure, in one sense, 


tock at a particular state of cure, 


time In 


to 


basis ol 


ISAF 
lightly highet 
like Wise, 


iC¢ ordance 


tear of HAF in BSR and 


the data listed in Table 
increase in the mixing time 


influence on the rebound of 


BSR compounded with FEF shows the highest 
Butyl with MPC, 


by far the lowest 
s much lower rebound than 


HAF black imparts higher 


black at 43 parts loading 
rebound than IfPC black at 
HAF black at 48 parts 
the EP¢ 


‘Torsional hysteresis, being 


of the heat 
is greatly affected by 


Table XX] 


properties of a 


with the data in 





lime ON TOoRSIONA 


XING 


Butadiene-Styrene 
| xtended with 
37% Parts Oil 


PHR 


ISAF HAF 


) 


1 HYSTERESIS At 


Blend 


styrene 


Oss 


Jutacdien 
(41°F) and 


taciene-St 


200° | 


(K LOOO } 


Natural 















































MIXING 


XXII 





EFFECT O} 





PABLI 














Butadiene-Stvrene Butadiene-Styrene 50:50 Blend 
(41°F) Extended with Butadiene-Styrene 
37% Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
Carbon Blacl ISAI HAF Phe ISAI HAI ISAI HAI 
Loading PHR 50 50 0) 50 50 50 50 
Banbury Mix Time 
( Minutes ) 
MB Final 
l 2 83 69 64 64 ] 7\ 62 
2 2 &2 70 6 65 6 70 66 
3 ? 84 70 67 66 56 73 66 
j 2 3 72 68 66 7 74 65 
. 2 &2 72 66 6 56 74 64 
6 2 2 73 f) fo) 7 74 63 
7 2 84 73 68 69 8 73 64 
ra! 2 4 73 67 6/ Ss 76 63 
y 4 4 74 06 69 s 74 65 
10 D & 75 6 OR Oo) 74 68 
] : K5 76 6 68 » 73 68 
12 ) 3 76 64 Oe 8 74 67 





Time ON Heat Buitp-Up (Goopricu 














ISAI 


I LEXOMETER ) 


Natural 


HAI 
1s 


1s 
i) 
4 








MI’ 














master 


it is evident that increasing the mixing time of 
batch from 2 to 12 minutes noticeably decreases the tor 
sional hysteresis of the corresponding final. The largest 
decrease is seen in NR-ISAF and in NR-EPC, and the 
smallest decrease in BSR-FEF. In between range, in 
the following order, NR-HAF; BSR-HAF:; blend BSR 
BSOR-ISAF; BSR-ISAF; BSOR-ISAF; blend BSR 
BSOR-HAIF; Enjay Butyl-MPC; and BSOR-HAI 
Eenjay Butyl MVC shows the highest torsional hys 
teresis, and BSR-FEF, the lowest In between rang 
the following: NR-EPC; NR-ISAF; NR-HAF; blend 
BSR-BSOR-ISAF; BSOR-ISAF; BSR-ISAF; BSOR 
HAF: blend BSR-BSOR-HAF, and BSR-HAI 
()i]-extended rubber shows higher torsional hysteresi 
1 unextended butadiene-styrene (41°F.) rubber 


than t 
ISAF shows higher torsional hysteresis than HAI, and 
HAF, higher than FEF 

In natural rubber, ISAF black at 43 parts Diack loa 
ing PHR shows lower torsional hysteresi 


blac k al 
parts loading PHR 
hysteresis than the | 


Heat Build-Up. 


heat ce veloped in a cured 


tudy by means of 


meters lhe AT I: 


50 parts loading PHR, 
con ile rably 
black 
effect 
tock 
(,oodrich 
value 


ind 


4M) part 


abe. 


and 
( (,oo0dri h 


black 


Littie 


h 


tone 


oll 


mm thi 
‘] 


onal 


loading VIR 


the 


lexometer ) are 


listed in Table XXII, and the running temperature 


( Firestone tlexometer ) 


Pable 


Increasing the mixing time 


to 12 minutes will re 


In 


XX\ 


masterbate] 


a final that de 


higher heat build-up when tested in the Goodrich flexor 


eter, but shows decreasing temperature 
» be 


definite compressive 


tem having high inertia 
idditional high frequency 
unplitude, and measuring 





the Firestone flexometer 
the Goodrich flexometer 


It 1 
the 


to a 


111 


prece 


Wnpo my 


( 
) 


i} 
th 


compre 


Viieti 
rei ribs re 
apy ! 
through 


Onl 


i thermocoupl 








krrect or Mixtinc Time on Co 


XXITI 





PABLI 





I liene-Styrene Butadiene-Styrene 0:50 Blend 
(41°F) extended wit Butadiene-Styrene 

Parts Oil (41°F) and 

PER Butacdiene-Styt 






MPRI ION (CsS00DRICH 





(yi) | x tended 
ISAI HAI 
{) {) 








KOMI 





















XXIV 


TABLI 


Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) 


Rubber 


(arbon Black P FEF 

Loading PHR ; 50 50 
Banbury Mix 

( Minutes ) 

MB I inal 

ly, * 


‘I ime 


x & NS 


4 


SNNNdS 


— 


6 


NWHNN WwW 


Na 


7 
a 
9 

10 y 

1] Z 


12 2 


xN 


— 
Ww Ww th WS Dd 


? 
, 
, 
? 
)? 
} 
, 
) 
> 


—— rh 
NS 


NM NW NHNNNKWHND WW 
we 


50 50 30 ty 
NNWENOAN DB AdDN LD 


ty 
> 
“I 


Press Cure(°F) 


x 


Cure, Min 


Butadiene-Styrene 
Extended with 
374% Parts Oil 


PHR 


ISAF 


Errvect or Mixinc Time on Set (Goopricn FLEXOMETER) (Per CENT) 


50:50 Blend 
sutadiene-Styrene 
(41°F) and 
Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
HAF ISAF HAF ISAF HAF EPC MP 

50) 50 50 43 48 50 50 


—Natural 


_ 
= 


tv x 
cos 
Sad 
+r ao 
of OS® 


- Se 


“Ss 
oOo 


aoa 


= 
~ 


>~a a> 
> 

me DMN — hoe — 1 

NADH 


~ 
FUN NMAMN WH AD 


rx 


— 
— 
— 


NW KKK NMNNMWNNDd 
— 


NN DWN Nd IS DOD bv DO 
es 
& WINN DOS UIWS PY & KY ND 
oh 
WIV NNN SES NONNONNH 
xPPSOBMLLAN 


OO ho 
_ 
~ 


S 
eS 
S 
SS 
2 
z 
z 
<2 
S & 





base of the te On the other 
lirestone flexometer simply 


at the 
hand, the operation of the 


perature rise t piece. 


definite load a block of 
Stationary 


consists of compressing under 
which ts 
of which travels in a etreular motion of 


and measuring with a thermocoupk 


rubber between two plate , one ot 
and the 
definite magnitude 


other 


the temperature rise in the center of the block. 

The data (Table XXII) indicate that in the Goodrich 
flexometer, BSR-ISAF gives the highest heat build-up, 
and NR-EP t. In between range, in the fol 
lowing order, Enjay Butyl-MPC; blend BSR-BSOR 
ISAF; BSR-HAF; BSOR-ISAF; BSR-FEF; blend 
BSR-BSOR-HAF; BSOR-HAF; NR-ISAF, and NR 
HAP. Oilextended rubber gives lower heat build-up 
than the unextended butadiene-styrene (41°F.) rubber; 
ISAF develops more heat than HAF, and HAF, more 
heat than FEF 

In natural rubber, ISAK 
Pik lightly hottes 


the lowe 


black at 43 parts loading 


runs than I-PC black at 50 parts 


loading PHR and HAF black at 48 parts loading PHK, 


and at relatively short mixing cycles develops somewhat 


more heat than the EPC black at 50 parts loading PHR. 
Ienjay Butyl-MPC develops considerably more heat than 
BSR-HAF, 

A similar relationship exists between the rubbers and 
blacks when tested for running temperature in the Fire 
stone flexometer but, as mentioned above, as the tem 
perature decreases, the longer the mixing time of the 
masterbatch. [Enjay Butyl-MPC develops the highest 
running temperature, and BSOR-HAF, the lowest. In 
between, and in the following order, range blend BSR 
BSOR-ISAF; BSOR-ISAF; BSR-HAF; NR-ISAF; 
NR-HAF; NR-EPC; blend BSR-BSOR-HAF, and 
BSR-FEF. Oil-extended rubber runs lower in tempera 
ture than the unextended butadiene-styrene (41°F.) 
rubber ; ISAF develops more heat than HAF, and HAF, 
more heat than FEF. 


In natural rubber, loading 


ISAF black at 43 


parts 





PABLI 


uwliene-Styrene 


(41°R) 


MtxtInGc TIME ON RUNNING TEMPERATURI 


Butadiene-Styrene 
Extended with 


FLEXOMETER 
Natural 


( FIRESTONI 


50:50 Blend — 
Butadiene-Styrene 


37% Parts Oil (41°F) and 


PHR 


Black FEF 
Loading PHR ) 50 50 


Banbury Mix 
( Minutes) 
MB Minal 


Carbon 


, 
> 
> 
, 


ISAF 


Butadiene-Stvrene 
Oil Extended 
HAF ISAI HAF ISAF HAI 
50 50) 50 13 48 


mI SNS SS 
FUN] ee ome Oy Se oe 


~ bo Do DO DO BO DO DQ fo Po Do 


t 


“I 





RUBBER AGE 























TABLE XXVI 


I-Frect oF M1IxinG TIME ON FLEx (Cut-Growtn) (M Cycies) 





Rubber Butadiene-Styrene Butadiene-Styrene --50:50 Blend kenya 
(41°F) Extended with Jutadiene-Styrene Natural Butyl 
37% Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
Carbon Black ISAI HAF FEF ISAF HAI ISAF HAF ISAF HAI oe a MPC 
Loading PHR 50 50 0 50 50 50 50 13 18 0) () 
Banbury Mix Time 
( Minutes) 
MB Final 
I 2 15,2 31.1 16,7 7.8 12.0 13.1 17.9 8.8 10.2 9,2 39.4 
2 2 14.6 30.8 14.9 y 8.8 11.3 17.6 8.3 9,2 7 31.8 
3 v4 13.5 31.7 16.0 7.0 8.6 11.0 17.4 § 10 7.3 33.0 
4 y 4 15.7 $1.6 16.3 6.8 8.3 12.8 17.0 &.3 11.0 8.2 31.0 
2 14.9 38.5 15.0 7.4 10.5 11.5 16.0 91 11.7 8.8 29.9 
6 2 12.5 39.6 12.3 6.6 92 11.0 148 79 10.3 8.7 33 
7 F< 12.0 12.6 13.5 7 10.7 11.9 18.2 8.2 10.7 7.8 35.3 
& 2 11.3 39.9 13.1 6.6 10.3 11.5 17.5 &.8 11.7 8.9 34 
9 yA 12.4 15.0 14.3 59 11.4 13.5 16.4 8 12.6 90 42.3 
10 2 11.3 18.0 10.0 6.4 96 13.2 16.0 7.8 11.2 77 18.6 
1] 2 11.4 39.7 13.3 6 11.2 14.5 17.6 8.3 12.2 8.8 0) 
12 2 11.7 38.7 13.4 6 10.6 14.5 18.3 8.3 12.6 10.2 04 
287 307 








PHR runs noticeably hotter than EPC black at 50 parts 
loading PHR and HAF black at 48 parts loading PHR, 
and at longer mixing time, runs somewhat hotter than 
the IkPC black at 50 parts loading PHR. Enjay Butyl 
MPC runs considerably hotter than NR-EPC 

Compression Set. Compression set, resulting from 
the behavior of a stock in the Goodrich flexometer, 1S 
somewhat affected by the mixing time. According to the 
data in Tables XXIII and XXIV, increasing the mixing 
time of a masterbatch from 2 to 12 minutes has a varied 
etfect on the compression set, dep nding upon the rubber 
and the carbon black therein 

The spotty. compres 
set decreases as the mixing time is increased. In others, 
Compression set values are highest 


results are In some rubbers, ion 


it tends to increase 


for Enjay ButvI-MPC, and lowest for BSR-FEF, In 
BSR, ISAF values are higher than those of HAF. Thi 
compression for HAF is very close to that of FEF, but 


the latter is considerably lower. 


the set of 





In natural rubber, compression set values for ISA] 
are higher than those of IPC, bearing in mind that th 


ISAF loading is 43 parts PHR, and that of EPC, 50 
Che values of HAF are higher than those of EP Phe 
compression set of Itnjay Butyl-MPC is considerably 


higher than that of NR-I- Pt 

Flex (Cut-Growth). The effect of mixing time on 
resistance to flex varies. It is evident from the result 
shown in Table XX VI that increasing the mixing time of 


a masterbatch from 2 minutes to 12 will affect the flex 
cracking of the corresponding finals in the DeMattia 
machine as follows: 

In BSR, increased mixing time decreases the fles 
cycles in the case of ISAK and FEF, but increases them 


in the case of HAF, In oil-extended rubber, increased 
mixing time gives inconsistent flex results and at a lowes 
level than that shown by BSR. The increased mixing 
time slightly decreases the flex cycles for BSOR-ISAI 
but increases them for BSOR-HAF and for the blend 














X XV IJ—Errect or M1x1nc TIME on Rij 


Pr. 
1 ABLI 

















rANCE TO ABRASION (GRAMS I.oss Per Hour 








on eeese Butadiene-Styrene Putadiene-Styrene 0:50 Blend Eenja 
(41°F) extended witl Lutadiene-Styrene Natural But 
3714 Parts Oil (41°F) and 
PHR Butadiene-Styrene 
Oil Extended 
Carbon Black . ISAI HAF FEF ISAI HAI ISAF HAE ISAI HAI a MP 
Loading PHR é 50 x0 0) 50 (0) 50 () 13 18 () () 
Banbury Mix Time 
( Minutes) 
MB Final 
] 2 8.9 14.1 21.9 6.2 90 7.8 11.3 14 16.3 19.9 16.0 
2 2 &.6 13.8 22.1 6.0 XO RO 11.2 15.7 16.2 1.2 16.6 
3 2 8.8 13.9 21.8 6.0 8.1 Re 11.0 14,7 16.0 A) 18.4 
} 2 8.5 13.1 21 7 %] 7.8 10.7 13.8 15.7 19.3 17.4 
2 8.0 12.8 21.9 9 8.2 75 10.9 14.0 | 19 19 
6 2 77 12.8 y4 9 4 7.7 10.9 14.2 15.3 19.3 A) 
7 2 8.1 12.6 21.1 . R1 74 11.0 14.0 15.2 18.9 A) 
. 2 7.8 12.1 2.8 9 R 2 7.7 10.5 12.9 15.0 18.7 A). | 
9 esse tes 74 11.8 20.0 60 41 7B 10,7 13.2 14.9 17.8 17.0 
10 2 he 11.8 19.5 9 8.3 78 10.5 13.7 14.4 16.4 ) 
1] 2 if 12.0 19.6 6.1 R 2 7.7 110 13,2 14.7 17.7 15.1 
12 2 7A 11.6 18.6 5.9 42 7.6 10.9 12.9 14.6 16.9 lO 
Pre re(“} 275 275 275 227 227 287 287 40) 40) PHL) 07 





x 
> 














not 
MPC, increased 


XXVII, an increase 


fron 4 


nut 
ot oil 
tence d, 
ppage ippa 


lenya 


ubbes hicl 1 


ch 


the 
hens I Der 
than na ra In bb a 
ripe 


weilel 


natu Abt 
PHI in ! bette ( 
than HAF blael 


nm the 


rently 

re 

r show 
\} 


than 


nhac t 
li 
PHI 


time 


alte 


» fle 


ind 


Attic 


onre 
vident 


THX 
vill 
ext 
the re 
ule 
ults 
ke 


as its 
HAF 


in oil-extended rub 


ance 
ka 
ince | 
hu 


NR 
] vr ré ta X 
ance of | AF black at 
it ti le 


decrea ‘ 


1 
if nded 


lo 


t a loading 


blacl nas 


than the EPC black at 
for the oil- xtended ri 
f non-extended butadiene 


H \] ae 
mcrease 
ct those 0 
mix mentioned pre 


The al 


tobrasion 
than ISAI with MPC are, as 
enya \ 


nt 
nee to fle 


met 


1 
Liu ere t obta 


j 
ANpie i on as 


through the 


el as that neering Company /( Y) ) 

on the | 
to Im Ce kilometer 
the 
ol 
the é 

How 

tance to Carbon Blacks 
by Up to thi 
the effect 


rubber a 


sistance pel pel 


from corresponding ma 


ively, 


YS 


Ing time minutes respe 


278, .281, .283 2 
SI] 
iffected 
potty 


point, tl 
I 


ot 


¢ 
are mixing t 


the 
will now 


ss abrasion based on 


classifica Consideration 


with of carbon black in a Spe 
time The data 
HAF, FEF, |] 


R, BSOR, 


Mi xXmnyY 
ISAF 
bers | 


ibrasion 
50 


© abrasion 
1 


rthermore, listed in Tables XXVII 


50 parts PHR 


viously, to slipy ‘ 
results 


re ported 


courtesy Oo 


ambourn abrade I 


P 


natural rubber and Enjay 


tter resistance to abt 
Phe 


than that for 
) rubber, duc 


ui h be 
tbrasion 1O 
lowe! 


(41°F 


( 


ibber is 
styrene 
slippage 

for Itnjay 
itioned above, 


COT 


Butyl 
some 


pounded 
what S| 
ined on the improved Goody 
Table XXVII 


Research and 


worry 
ar 
in Later, 
f the 


the 


Esso Engi 
Sf On ks 


he 


all p< re 


were also e\ iluated 


abrasion loss, expressed 
the 12 fina 

mixed fron 
284, 


Vnose 


12 


1o1 
1 te 
22 


were 
follow . 
254 


as 313, 


2/7 266 and .314 


] 


discu (l 
on 
data 1 
be 
cific rubber and its response to 
the five 


and MI 


1On has been centere on 
the 
XXVITI 


ty pe 


mie various properties Oo! 


lables I\ to 


viven to the role of 


n 
each 
types of black 

and the five rub 
50 blend of BSR and BSOR, 
Butyl—used in this are 


Ito XXXVITI 


for 


fud 





MH, ! ( Shore 
Hard 


{)} 
st) 


63 
(;7 
) 634 


64 


| 
| 
l 
1é 


dA) 4) 
1Ua0) 
1000 
"10 
AVA) 
N40) 


1/0) 


(n) 
1000) 
SCM) 

SUM) 


YH) 


VY) 


IM} 


ML 4’ 
212°) 


6? 
6? 
6] 
61 
9 
9 


to Te 
(Lb 
In.) 


{22 
Ho 
JO8 
t18 
397 
463 

15% 

393 
43 


$R2 


>} 


BUTADIENE-STYRI ' UBB 


BLACcI 


Processing 


d Moone 


ISCOSITS 


Mill ( 
Shrinl 
) (% ) 


rAuge 
ie (Dian 
In hh) 


Cc 4 
”? Al) 
A) Ali) 


I, 


Reinforcement 


Por 

Hvyst Ii 
at 200°1 ut Buald { | 
K 

1000 


il 


186 


ire 
1 


ER COMPOUNDED Wi 


Moone 
scorcl 
Minutes ; 


1 Point 


Ly Mattia 
nlemp. Cut 
ne ¢ 


ile x 











Paste XXIX—Errects or MIx1Inc TIME ON PROPERTIES OF BUTADIENE-STYRI 
With HAF Brack 


Processing 


ixtrusion 
Weight 
(ty yms 


Meter) 


34 
Reinforcement 


Modulus 

at J00% Pensile | | eat Heat Build 
Strength ( } ard } : d . 3 (Cyoodri 
(psi) I I 


1X20 3720 , | ] } 4] OOO 000 
1850 3715 } 7 4 : } w)) | 100 O00) 
1X80 3780 ; 71 / “ 1), 14! OO O00 
19] 3770 | j ) ) | O00 000 
1950 4030 | ‘ ) ) | OOO 000 
1990 3730 J : ; ) ( ) O00 000 
2010 3715 ) 73 : ; 194, OOO 000 
2040) $715 ( ] ; 4 » vi | OO O00) 
070 36900 ; | | 142 > OOO 000 
2100 3720 ~ : ) 1X »~ OOK) O00 
110 36000 ()} ] ; OOO. 000 
1 0) 37] ; | f ; j x : 116 O00 000 


70 /0 





ISAF (Kosmos 70/ Dixie 70) in Butadiene-Styrene XXXi, it is evident that an increase in the n 
(41°F.) Rubber. As shown in Table XXVIII, an in of the masterbatch from 2 to 12 minute 
rease in the mixing time of the masterbatch from 2 to properties of the final as follow 
12 minutes affects the properties of the final in the fol Power consumption is increased 1094 watt 
lowing manne fold; maximum temperature of the masterbat 

Power consumption is increased 1270 watt-hours creased 62°F., and that of the final decrea 
naximum temperature of the masterbatch is increased Mooney viscosity is decreased 11 points; mill 
62°F., and that of the final decreased 7°F \loone' is decreased 10° points xtrusion shi 
IScOSItV 18 de reased 5 points ; mill shrinkage 1s decreased point ‘ extrusion swell 1 rea ed $7 pom 
9 points, and extrusion shrinkage, 7 points; extrusion veight per meter length 1 reased 6.4 gran 
vell is decreased 21 points ; extrusion weight per mete diameter of the extrusion decreased 0024-1 


length is decreased 3.2 grams, and the diameter of the time 1s increased 6 minute hd appearance 


extrusion is decreased .014-inch;: scorch time 1 son improved, 


from 1 to 3 minutes and appearance of the ext I Viedulus is increased 185 p 


mproved ; Ct ised 160 psi elongation af bre; 
Modulus is increased 230 psi; tensile strength remain nliaah mening eel 

i ! _ i i (Tle 

hincl g P ont} ‘ reak je d 4 ' 
in anged: elongation at break 1s reduced ed 28 pounds/inch; rebound re: 

Shore hardness remains unchanged; resistance to teat 


decreased 46 pounds/inch; rebound remains unchange 


onal hysteresis 1s decreased 27 point 
(,oodrich flexometet mcreases 


| 


torsional hysteresis is decreased 32 points; heat build 
- remains unchanged 


n the Goodrich flexometer 1 increased 3°] ; cmas ta. ree 

tone flexometer remains unchanged; DeM 

Firestone flexometer is decreased 6°F.; DeM owth) is decreases 3M flex 

cut-growl s decreased 2.9 M flexes; abrasion lo emains unchanyed ; dispersion is improved 

decrease¢ rrams/hour ; dispersion is impro I tivity 1s increased 600 ohm/en 

electrical resistivity increased twenty evenfold ISAF (Kosmos 70 Dixie 70) in 50:50 Blend of Bu 
ISAF (Kosmos 70/Dixie 70) in Oil-Extended Buta- tadiene-Styrene (41°F.) Rubber with Oil-Extended 

diene-Styrene Rubber. [From the data in ‘Vable Butadiene-Styrene Rubber. The data 


pression set is decreased; running temperatur 








ON 


G Timi 


PROPERTIES 


OF BUTADIENE-STYRENE (41°F) RuBBeER COMPOUNDED 


With FEF BrLack 


Processing 


Cp'd Moon 
Viscosity 
(ML 4’ 


@ 212°F) 


Mill 
Shrinkage 
(%) 
26 


24 


»? 


A 
SO 
9 


NININISNU NU Oo eo & 


.] 


i” Mooney (MS) 
Scorch Time 
Minutes at 250° F 
1 Point 3 Point Equal 1’ 
Rise Rise Reading 


34 
33 
32 
32 
32 
32 
32 
33 
34 
34 
35 


37 


¢ — kxtrusion 
Weight 
((ams 

Meter) 


(rauge 
(Diam 
Ine h ) 


Swell 


(%) 


54.2 
52.0 
19.0 
16.7 
15.0 
43.5 
42.2 
41.0 
4).2 
397 
1.0 
41.3 


Shrinkage 


(Yo) 


30 
32 


29 


35.2 25 
35.2 
33.5 
32.3 
31.1 
30.4 


29.7 


32.1 
31.6 
41.0 
SOA 
30.0 


WS 


233 
232 
229 
228 
2% 


25 
25 
25 
24 
24 
26 
25 
28 
28 
28 
28 


225 
224 
223 
222 
22) 
222 


28.9 
290 
29 ] 
A) } 


Hp? 
28.6 
28.0 

A) 3 »7 


»?3 ) 4 7 0 


Reinforcement 


(%) 


16 
}/ 
17 
WO 
1) 
}/ 
1 
47 


9A) 
fot} 
UNO) 
1)] 

Ah) 
1h) 
A yX() 


TM) O40 


MW) 


Hvst 
at 

K 

L000 


De Mattia 

: Cut 

AM)” | t Buil ‘j oO Growth 
, oot ‘ x (M) 


lex 


Abra ron lect 
Gms. Loss Resist 
Hour Ohm-Cn 
?| Q 
22.1 


3,300,000 
3. 500,000 
3,800,000 
+, 200,000 
+,600,000 
,000,000 
5,400,000 
5,700,000 
6,100,000 
6,300,000 
6,900,000 
7,100,000 


16.7 
66 14.9 
ra 5 16.0 
16.3 
150 
3 
{ 


A) 


21.8 
21.5 
21.9 
2] 

21.1 
1) 8 
20.0 
19 = 
19.6 
18.6 


KS 
8S 
sv 


l 
l 
| 
l 
it 
1. 
l 


l 
5 
) 
3 
| 


115 115 70 





the 
following 


ho in time of 


mixing 
minute has. the 


the 
plion ni dl 


Irom 
pl 
un 


isterbatch 
effects upon 
Power 


Ninth 


the operty final 


con 1205 watt-hour 


terbatch is increased 
17 I: Mooney 
hrinkage is de 
decreased 13 


extrusion 


te ature 
it the 
al ed 
ana ¢ 


well 1 


length 


That Tipe 
decre ! ed 


il 


hit inkage 


final 
S point m 
xtru 
de 
ck cre 


hon 


extrusion reased 34 points ; 


point 
ised 6.3 grams, and the 
O22 


We ivht per meter 


diameter of the scorch 


extrusion decreased inch: 


tine decreased 2 to 3 minute ind appearance of the 


extrusion improved 


Modulus 1 
creased 260 Pp 


ile strength is in 
reduced 20 points ; 
resistance to tear 
rebound remains un 
decreased 34 points ; 
ink reased 


4] pp) ten 


mecrea ed 
elongation at break 1 


hardne remain unchanged : 


d 20 


hore 


] decrease nel 


pound 


changed; torsional hysteresi 

heat build-up in the Goodrich 
3°]: ion set 
perature in the Firestone flexometer remains unchanged ; 
DeMattia flex increased 3.2 M flexes; 


abrasion loss remains unchanged lisp rsion 1s improved 


is 


fle xometer 


compre remains un hanged ; running tem 


(cul vrowtl ) 1 
and electrical resistivity increased threefold. 

ISAF (Kosmos 70/Dixie 70) in Natural Rubber. 
data Table XXXV, it is evident that an in 
mixing time of the masterbatch from 2 to 12 
iffects the properties of the final as follows: 


rom the in 
CTCASE nN 


riiute 


increased 1205 watt-hours ; 
maximum temperature of the masterbatch is increased 
119°F that of the final decreased 6°F.; Mooney 
viscosity is decreased 23 points; mill shrinkage is d 
creased 11 points, and extrusion shrinkage, 5 points ; 
extrusion swell is decreased 13 points; extrusion weight 
per meter le neth is decreased 1.7 grams, and the diametet 
of the extrusion is decreased .009-inch; scorch time 1s 
decreased 2 minutes and appearance of the extrusion 1s 


Power consumption is 


and 


improved 

Modulus is increased 180 psi; tensile strength is de 
230 psi; elongation at 40 
points; Shore hardness remains unchanged; resistance 
to tear is decreased 158 pounds/inch; rebound remains 


creased break is decreased 


unchanged; torsional hysteresis is decreased 69 points ; 
heat build-up in the Goodrich flexometer is increased 
0 Ks 
tically unchanged ; running temperature in the Firestone 
flexometer remains unchanged; DeMattia flex (cut 
vrowth) remains unchanged: abrasion loss is decreased 
dispersion is improved and electrical 


COMpPression is MCcrease d whereas set remains prac 


hour; 
1S double d 


2.8 grams 


resistivity 

HAF (Kosmos 60/Dixie 60) in Butadiene-Styrene 
(41°F.) Rubber. The data in Table XXIX show 
that an increase in the mixing time of the masterbatch 
from 2 to 12 minutes has the following effects on the 
properties of the final: 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 








ExtrRus 
Diam—in 


Bee ee el OO 
‘SoBe ee eee O00 
“T) Cl lt lt al al 
CCCLLLLLLlee 


i] il 




















Sweu 
% 





Scorcw 





Viscosity 





Pp 





















































STock 


WATT-HR, TEMP. °F 
























































POWER 


kt ot ft sl ll E 
el ag gett el! gl al HH 


MIXING TIME (MINUTES) OF MASTERBATCH 
FIG. 5 Processing properties of butadiene-styrene (41° F ) rubber comt unded with HAF bla 


Power consumption 1s increased 1274 watt-hours ; trusion swell is decreased 22 points; extrusion 
maximum temperature of the masterbatch is increased per meter length 1s decreased 4.3 grams, and th 
48°F, and that of the final decreased 14°F.; Mooney of the extrusion ts decreased .O13-inch 
viscosity is decreased 7 points; mill shrinkage is « increased 4 minutes and appearance of th 


creased 6 points, and extrusion shrinkage, & points; ex improved 


DC ad lt ll a 
"el al ad a al al aaa a 
CCC 
a= =|-|-|-| | 
eee eee eee 
DUQQQSS8S888 








Resist. 
OHM -Ge 











AT 
°F 

















Aerasionw 


M-cycvES Loss 





FLEx 





Les.-In. 





Moouws Tear 
ps! 


MIXING TIME (MINUTES) OF MASTERBATCH 


1, 37-—Reinforcement properties of butadiene-styrene (41° F.) rubber compounded with HAF bla 





Modulu increased 270 p ensile strength remains Modulus is increased 180 psi; tensile strength is in 
unchanged; elongation at break is reduced 70 points ; creased 85 psi; elongation at break is reduced 15 points ; 
Shore hardness remains unchanged ; resistance to tear is Shore hardness remains practically unchanged; resist 
decreased 2% pounds/inch; rebound remains unchanged ; ance to tear remains unchanged; rebound remains un 
torsional hysteresis 1s decreased 38 points; heat build-up changed; torsional hysteresis is decreased 26 points; 


the Goodrich xometer is increased 6°F.; compres heat build-up in the Goodrich flexometer is increased 


decreased ; running temperature in the Fire 2°F.; compression set is decreased ; running temperature 
stone flexometer is decreased 10°F. ; DeMattia flex (cut in the Firestone flexometer is decreased 9°F.; DeMattia 
growtl ased /.9 ) lexe abrasion loss is flex (cut-growth) is increased 1.8 M flexes; abrasion 
decrea 2.2 ur; dispersion is improved and loss remains practically unchanged; dispersion is in 


electrical re Vi is Increa entyfold proved and electrical resistivity 1s almost doubled 


\s indicated, the data outlined for the above are shown HAF (Kosmos 60/Dixie 60) in 50:50 Blend of Bu- 
in Table XXIX, They are epicted in graph form in tadiene-Styrene (41°F.) Rubber with Oil-Extended 
higures 56 and 57 Butadiene-Styrene Rubber. According to the data 

HAF (Kosmos 60/Dixie 60) in Oil-Extended Buta- in Table XXXIV, an increase in the mixing time of the 
diene-Styrene Rubber evident from the data masterbatch from 2 to 12 minutes affects the properties 
in Table XXXII that ni 1 the mixing time of of the final as follows 
th terbatch f1 nutes affects the proper Power consumption is increased 1132 watt-hours 


1@ masterbatch 1s increased 


} 
| decreased 12 I: Moone 
increased VI ity is decreased 8 points; mill shrinkage is de 


maximum temperature of 1 


watt-hours : 36°F... and that of the fina 


Mooney creased 13 points, and extrusion shrinkage, 10 point 
and e% extrusion swell is decreased 29 points ; extrusion 
points; extrusion per meter length is decreased 5.5 grams, and the 
m weight per metet ter of the extrusion is decreased .021-inch; scorch 


1 diameter of the remain pl ictically unchanged and appearance 
ch time is increased extrusion 1 nproved 
he extrusion is im Modulu ncereased 200 psi: tensile strengt!l 


unchanged lon t break 1s reduced 3 


PIMs OD or Or-] 


Witrn | 


Processing 


Reinforcement 


! 
H 
AW) | 
I 


1OO0 


in) 
SM) 
OO) 
> (ni) 


(Hi) 








( 


EXTENDED BUTADIENE-STYRI 





PROPERTIES 


WITH 


Processing 


TIME ON 


Pot 


MIXING 
NDED 


EFFECTS OF 


XXXII 


Reinforcer 


HAI 


tl 
BLACK 


Eextrusior 


Weight 
(Gams Shrint 


Meter ) 
$1.2 
Ki)? 


392 


10 
1OO0 


orn 


Ht) 


nent 





Lives 


uns unchi 
! 
hs 


14 ally uri h ily 
(;oodrich tlexometes 
ins unchanged 


fl 


ut-gTro vth) 


reiila ruil 


kometet 


Lone 


proy 
fold 


Dixie 60) Natural 


X Xd 1 


masterba 


eT 


ed almo 


(Kosmos 60 in 


lable 
} 


HAF 


ila in 


| 


lent from. the 


1 Ti 
l 


the effect 


final 
po nt 
bon 


extru 


19 
1 ZZ pom 


Vrari 


,6O¢ 
(15 


Rubbe 


pound 
r 
fle 


(,00cTrh 
p! ict 


he 
remain 
inn the 


flex 


weorature bare 


De Mattia (cut-gro 


] decreased 


ra lo 
npre land electrica 

FE 
(41°F.) Rubber. 


| 


¥, 


] 
rinhal 
r consumption 
umn Lenipe ratut 
al 1 ‘ 





F (Kosmos 50/Dixie 50) in Butadiene-Styrene 





~XITII-——Errecrs or Mixinc Time ON Propverties or 50:50 BLEND oF BUTADIENE-STYRENE (4] 
Bek Witn O1n.-ExtTeNpep BUTADIENE-STYRENE RUBBER COMPOUNDED WitH ISAF BLAck 


Processing 
Voone \ (XN ») 
p'd Mooney Extrusiot Scorch Time 
Mill (sauge Veight Minutes at 250°] 
Equal 1’ 


j 


Viscosity \ 
(ML 4’ Shrinkage (Dian (Gms Shrinkage oint 3 Point 


(%) Inch) Meter) ( % sc Rise Reading 


54 36.9 43 9 
250 36.4 . : 44 51 
245 $5.3 ‘ ] 44 WD 
242 34,2 4] 48 
240) 33.4 3 2 43 9 
238 37.4 $2 48 
23/ ) : 58.2 42 9 
735 3 5 +] 4% 
234 5 ; 42 1 
232 31.3 35 +] +x 
230 X 4? 9 
I 75s 4 4 4? 19 


Reinforcement 


lor De Mattia 

Hyst Run Temp. Cut 

at 200°! Heat Build-Uy Firestone Growth Abrasio 

K x (Goodrich) (°F) Flex (M) Gms. Loss 

1000 AT % Compr. % Set [3 Flex / Hour 
353 199 
342 ’ 184 
343 32 183 ] ] 
$50 179 ; 2. 1,350 
347 : 18] 2 »4 5 5 fa 1,500 
4 7 
] 


? 24 3 950 
] 20 ] 150 


/ 


20 


/ 


. 2A 64 13.1 


l 
l 
] 
] 
l 
353 170 1,7 ?() 70) 
338 3: 169 . 1.2 1.6 900 
33 j 160 / Lk 4 ; ’ 2,100 
335 . 16] ] 7 270 
337 162 ] 
317 16] ] 
322 d 150 ] 


) »4 y 
) 4 ‘ . ? 450 
2 24 ; 5 yf 2650 


) > () ? 800 





NG TIME ON Properties or 50:50 BLEND OF BUTADIENE-STYRENI 
»p BUTADIENE-STYRENE RupperR CompouNnpep Withn HAF BrLack 


Processing 
Mooney (MS) 
(p'd Moone; Extrusion Scorch Time 
Viscosity Mill (,auge Weight Minutes at 250° F 
(ML 4 Shrinkage (Diam (Gm Shrinka Swell 1 Point 3 Point Equal I’ 
@ 212°F) (%) Inch) Meter ) (%) (%) se Rise Reading 


6 } 258 {90 17.0) 7 ) 
56 oO. ; 4 1x 

252 83.2 Z 43 

249) $7 

AL, 7 19 

4.4 ; 0 

»47 3 ] 

4] 19 

»39) 4 | 3 14 

1) 3% a, () 
19 36 3 i j y| 
18 3 32.8 56.1 1) 


Reinforcement 
Tors ey. M ittia 
Hyst un ! Cut 
: suild-Uy 1 rrowth : 
K » wdricl . (M) G ) Ike 
( Cite. fs 
130.000 
10.000 
0.000 
6/0,.000 
400,000 
O50. 000 
110,000 
$70,000 
1.650.000 
150.000 
? 300,000 
> 750.000 

















Taste XXX\ Errects or MIxinG TIME ON PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER CompouUNpep Witu ISAF Braci 
Processing 
Banbur Mooney (MS 
Maximum Stoch Cp’d Moone extrusion Score 
Mixu r lemy } | Powe cosit Mil (sau Weight Minute il ie | 
( Minutes ) (Chart) Consumption (ML4 Shrinkage (Dia ((ams Shrinkage Swell 1 Point 31 equa 
MB Fina MI Final Watt-Hours (a 212°F ) (%) | ) Meter) %) ) Rise Rise Read 
] 2449 14 51 66 : 4] 33,2 40 4 65.0 ") 4 | 
: 4% () 303 64 4 39) 3??? th 3 62.2 1) » 4 
(2 4)? $62 6 rZ All 31.5 46.8 x? ") 4 
} i004 4)? 3? q A 34 41.0 5 60 ") ? 4 
3] ()] 630 6 A » 40.8 0 } ") 4 4 
6 30) ")] 729 | | »32 30.6 34 34 19 2 4 
356 (M) OOO a A 4] 30.6 $4.1 3 7) 4 4 
. ; 371 1) 1013 17 | 30) 0) 33.8 | 18 »? 
wv) 370 1K) 1141 1, ") HW) *() 13.6 10 19 > 
10) 4 373 199 1262 44 18 230 30 33.5 0.3 1X | : 
1] 378 199 1407 +2 | 0) 10.5 43.4 00 1s | ) 
12 467 199 150% $] 13 0) 10.5 434 19 1s »} »? 
Reinforcement 
lor De Mattia 
Banbur Modulu Resist Hyst Run Temp. Cut 
Mix Time at 300% Tensil % Shore to Tear at 200° Heat Build-Up le (M) Gms.1 Re 
Minutes Klong Strength Elon, Hard- (Lb febound K (Goodrich) (°F) Firestone Growtl Abra hele 
MB Final = (psi) (psi) at Break nes In.) (%) 100) AT % Compr. % Set (°F) lex Hour hin 
] » 1260 1090 610 60 772 1 4S 4 2.9 +4 44 ae 144 1,100 
4 ? 1290 $160 620 & QA) 9 4 0) 4,5 10) 4 ~ | 1100 
1320 1030 6] 60 XO) 1g »s() () 17 r4 4) 14 1M) 
} ) 1350 Wo 6) Oo 713 9 4 , 2 $2 Ss) x 3 lik 1 00) 
4 1370 1070 610 6] 71® 9 My 4 16 »4 Si) 9 ] 140 1 300 
6 2 1390 1000) 610 6] Xf)? i) 4 & 0) 4% ) 14? 1300 
/ 4 1410 1020 605 oO OO 9 43 6 4 ) 43 o 4 40 1400) 
. , 1420 4050 600 Oo 89; 9) 4) M } 6 4 oe 12.9 1,000 
9 Z 1430 J980 600 OO 917 9 Al / } 6 4 s 132 1.700 
10 1440 1OO0 O00 60 R50 ) Ai) » 60 » 44 7® 137 1 000 
1] ; 1450 1030 590) 60 X1 iy) 12 y i) 0 AG 83 132 100 
12 1470 3930 RO 60 62 iF) Hj 6 9 1() 4 R32 129 » 1M) 
Parte XXXVI—Errects or MIXING Time oN Properties or NaturAL Rupper ComPpouNnpep W 
HAF Brac 
Processing 
I | M ey ( 
Maximum Stocl (pd M extrusion 
Mix Dime Pemy | | 1} Ver \ ( Mill (y ( Veight Mu ( if | 
( Minutes) (¢ rt) Consumption (ML4’ ' (Dia (Gn Shrinkawe ell 1 Pont ? be 
MB Fina MB I il Watt-H (@ 212°F ) (% Meter) ) ( Ik ise Rise Rea 
] AV 14 >) (4 , A) AS) 0 ( | ) ) 
yd 13 {]7 6) , rH) 47 4 7 4 ( () l/ () ") 
4 13 Tale Op : i.e 17.4 O¢ l 
} OS 10 02 4 34 1.3 if) 6 
$14 10) 634 , AY 50.8 16 5 4, 
6 19 2) 730 ? 0) 0.4 h () ; 
5 of) 208 S62 () () 2% 10.0 32 77 19 4 
3-42 AM) 1036 VW) 1X »2 M) $17 4 | 4 
, $59 04 1116 } 26 ) 4 31.1 5.1 19 : 
10) 362 >)? 1246 4? | »? Hy? 4 | 19 ) ) 
1] Ww >) 1332 4? 14 4 Wy () An) $2 19 ) ) 
12 356 200) 1488 10) 1! 4 re 0) 4 12 19 
Reinforcement 
| DeMa 
Banbur Modulu Re H Run Temp. Cut 
Mix Time at 300% Pensile // Shore t l¢ } Heat Build-l p | est e (, ‘ \| rele 
Minute Flor Strength lor Hard- (LI Ie t200°h (Goodrich) (°F) ble (M) G I ¢¢ 
MB Final (psi) (psi) at Break ness In.) (% 1000) VT % Compr. % Set | ble H ( 
| 1450 49] - 60 71 4? ») 1? D bs 45 102 6 9 000 
d ; 1480 s9 20 X() Oo ; 14 32 47 »4 42 9 2 162 10.000 
4 1510 3910 ] 6) x00) 14 ) ) 1 10 42 10 6.0 11,000 
! 4 1540 S910) 70) 0) R37 }2 ,2 l 1] »4 44 11.0 15,000 
1570 $9270) fy 6] 700 }? IA) | 1] 46 44 1] | 4 O00 
6 4 1590 3RO0) (a) 61 7H) j ») 2 1? } 147 10 | 0000 
/ 5 1610 3&7 60 OO 740 }? Av te 10) 4] 107 15.2 6.000 
1630 S800) 0) 61 71 | 194 4 29 ) ¥ ALD 1.7 15.0 61,000 
) 1640 4e40) {) i) 6 | 10 4 Ii) |7¢ 149 (A000 
10 , 1660) 3% 20) HM) of) 610 +? 19 } j ) i ? +h 11.2 14% 0 000 
ll 1670 37H) j OO 64 $2 1k +2 4.2 3H 12.2 14.7 4 000 
12 16%) 3780) } 6) 6 $2 1k 6 4.2 0 238 126 146 100,000 
ure Mir 
it 280° I i) i) i) if) i) WH) 1) OO vi) OO A) ve A) 1) 
RIJRRBER A F DECEMBER. 1954 49 








Mi 


KING TIME ON PROPERTIES OF NATURAI 


Processing 


Cp'd Moone 
Viscosity Mill 
(ML4’ Shrinkage 


(@ 212°F) (%) 


(sauge 
(Diam 
Inch) 


Of st 251 
a“ $6 44 

$4 24] 

{? 4% 
3] 236 
WH) r44 
} Aida 
/ 43 
yA 233 
4 P33 
>) P34 
if) 233 
19 243 


Reinforcement 


RUBBER COMPOUNDED With EP¢ 


BLACK 


Moone (MS) 
Scorch Time 
Minutes at 250°] 
1 Point 3 Point Equal 
Rise Rise ix 


23 3] 
?] 37 
23 33 

5 


$4 


i) 


24 


De Mattia 


mp. Cut 


Growth Abras 
(M) l . Ie 
ble ‘ 


9 2 9) OOO DOOD 
7 »Y OOO 000 
$0,000,000 

$1. 000.000 

32 000,000 

34,000,000 

$6,000, 000 

7 000,000 

59 000,000 

12,000,000 

$5,000,000 

19 OOO O00 





N PROPERTIES O1 \ *~ 


Processing 


Crauge 
(Diar 
Inch) 


inforcement 


lor 

Hyst 

it 200° | 
d- (Lb 


In.) 


Uy, 
1O0 
$23 
132 
hy 
140) 
1, 
152 
13% 
138 
13 
173 


ypep With MP 


Moone 
Scorch Time 
Minutes at 250°! 

1 Point 3 Point Equal 1’ 


Rise Rise Reading 


(MS) 


19 
| 


De Mattia 
Cut 
Growth 
(M) 
lex 


Abra 


S94 0.000 
$1.8 OO0 
43.0 , 69,000 
41.0 ; 75,000 
YY) / 85,000 
97 OOO 
110.000 
120.000 
130,000 
140.000 
150.000 
160.000 








ADDITIONAL WorK ON MASTERBATCH ON SHEET-Orr MILI 
BBER COMPOUNDED WitH ISAF BLack 


D | 


TABLE XXXIX—EFFECTS OF 


BUTADIENE-STYRENE (41°F) Rt 


hate 

Mixing Time, Minutes 
Masterbatch in Banbury 
Masterbatch on Sheet-Off Mill 
Final in Banbury. 


ing 
nbury 

Maximum Stock Temperature, Masterbatch (°F ) 

Maximum Stock Temperature, Final (°F) 

Total Power (Watt-Hours) 

ney Viscosity (ML, 4 at 212°F) 

trusion, Grams/ Meter. 

Extrusion, Diameter-Inches 


rinkage and Swell 
Mill Shrinkage (%). ; 
extruder Shrinkage (%) 
extruder Swell (%) 
Mooney Scorch, MS at 250°F ( Minutes) 
Point Rise. 
Point Rise 
ial 1 Minute Reading 


Remftorcement 
Modulus at 300% Elongation 1690 1820 1890 
Fensile Strength (psi) O30) 1000 1000 
% klongation at Break 60 550 
Shore Hardness ] 6) 61 

Resistance to Tear (Lbs./In.) 7 OS 


“ Rebound 

ional H ystere ‘ A) | 
xX O00) 7 l / 

Build-Up, Goodrich Flex ; ; KS 

(Compression l | 

o Set +s 

Running Temp., Firestone Flex | te 6) 
DeMattia klex (M Cycles) ) 17.2 
Abrasion (Grams Loss/Hour ) 5 - 8.2 
I istivity (Ohm-¢ ] j | 9 100 


(Mn } (wn 





decreased; set remains unchanged; running 


remains unchanged; running temperature in ture in the Firestone flexometer 1s decreased 7 
De Mattia Mattia flex (cut-growth) is increased 2.5 M fle 
4.3 grams/hour ; disper 
tivity is not quite doubles 


the Gsoodrich flexometer remains unchanged; com 


sion set 


Firestone tlexometer remains unchanged ; 


ne 
on 


flex (cut-growth) is decreased 1.5 M 

loss 1s decreased 3.5 grams/hour ; dispersion 

ind electrical resistivity is doubled MPC (Kosmobile S-66/Dixiedensed S-66) in Enjay 
EPC (Kosmobile 77/Dixiedensed 77) in Natural Butyl. Irom the data in Table XXXVIII, it is « 

Rubber. As shown in Table XXXVII, an increase dent that an increase in t] te 

he. mixing time of the masterbatch from 2 to 12 min batch from 2 to 12 minutes has the 

rt rt the the properties ol the final 


the following effects on the properti ( 


{] is decreased 


picxe 
| 


ibrasion ion lo 
proved ind electrical re 


’ Y | 
nproved 


the mixing time ot 


follow) 


final r consumption 1 
Power consumption is increased 1118 watt-hourt aximum temperature of the masterbatch 
naximum temperature of the masterbatch increased and that of the final decreased 
| ind that of the final decreased 4°} Vooney V1 ly 1 1] 
is decreased 18 points; mill shrink 0 hrinkage are decreased 7 point ( 
17 points, and extrusion shrinkage 
extrusion swell is decreased 18 points; extrusion wel decreased 4.4 grams, and the diam of 
meter length is decreased 3.8 grams, and the reased .020-inch 
extrusion 1s decreased .O]1-inch; scorcl and appearance of t 


decreased 7 point i 


' A 


lecreased 30) point ’ extru on weight pt 


dee ol 


¢ ! 


Wy) p 


‘ 
1 | 
ne | 


eased about 8 minutes and appearance of Modulus is increased 


ed about 100 p | elonyvation 
' 


mois improved, 
remain unchanye | ré 


is increased 400 psi tensile strength ren 4) point hore hardne 
break is reduced 50 ( ir remains unchanged ; rebound remains unch 
onal hysteresis is reduced 27 point 


reased 


Modulus 
unchanged; elongation at 


hardness remains unchanged: resistance 
2 


SHOTe 


remains unchanged; rebound remains unchanged 
heat build-up in m set remains practicall 


iture im the Hire tone flexometet rel 


trie (,oodrich fle xometer 
ional hysteresis is decreased 69 points ; unchanged 
mpre on 


the Goodrich flexometer is increased 3°] com 








\DDITIONAL WorK ON MASTERBATCH ON SHEET-Orr MILL ON PROPERTIES OF BUTADIENI 


I (41°F) Rupeer Compounpeo With HAF BrLack* 


A B ( i 


3 
Minimun 
, 


a 


Cure, Min 
275° 1 
1820 1790 1915 1875 
3800 3700 3910 3600 
535 530 535 505 
OO OD 60 Oo 


2 2 263 258 252 250 


1] 41 41 “41 40 


117 ; 11] 109 104 101 

72 73 71 75 74 

$4 3.0 : 2.9 2.4 3.4 2.3 

24 20) 2.4 4.0 24 3.2 

290 24/ y 247 246 246 244 

37.3 16.6 36.8 39.0 42.7 44.3 

13.0 12.4 12 ; 12.4 12.5 12.0 11.8 
955,000 2,500,000 3.406.000 5,100,000 47,900,000 49,000,000 64,200,000 58,850,000 


bin the pre " york reported ' n thi tud 





unchanpes DeMattia flex (cut-growth) 1s increased less, it was higher in electrical resistance, and it showed 


18.6 M flexes; abrasion lo practically speaking, un better dispersion of the black. 
changed ; dispersion mproved and electrical resistivity lable XIU deals with BSR compounded with HAF 
eased threefold black. The masterbatches were mixed and worked on 
the mill in the same manner as the preceding master 

ADDITIONAL WORK ON MASTERBATCHES batches of BSR compounded with ISAF and reported 
on in Table XX XIX. A review of the data likewise con 

Chis investigation also includes a study of the effects firms that the masterbatches, which were subjected to 
ot additiona vork on masterbatche on the mull The additional work on the mull, vave extrusions, smoother 
program dealt with subjecting a duplicate series of BSR and shinier in appearance, which shrunk and swelled 
;, and were of slightly less weight and thinner 


] Wiel 


and natural rubber masterbatches compounded respec slightly les 
tively with HAF and ISAF blacks to 3, 5, 7 and 9 min gauge, and were higher in electrical resistance and also 
utes of mixing, then, immediately after their discharge showed better dispersion of the black, as is evidenced in 

from the ; i working half of the series on the Figures 24 to 29 
slab-off mill 2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes. Comparisons were lable XLI deals with natural rubber compounded 
h 1 remaining half of the mill unworked with 43 parts ISAF black PHR. The masterbatches 
masterbatche \ total of 32 masterbatches were thus were mixed and worked on the mill in the same manner 
tudied. The results are shown in Tables XXXIX to as the preceding masterbatches listed in Tables XX X1X 
XLII and XL. A review of the data likewise shows that the 
Pable XAXAIX deals with BSK compounded with mill worked masterbatches gave extrusions which were 
ISAF black. Four pairs of masterbatches were mixed smoother and shinier in appearance, shrunk and swelled 
3, 5, 7 and Y minutes, respeciively, and then a master slightly less, were slightly thinner in gauge, higher in 
electrical resistance, and showed better dispersion of the 


mace wil 


batch from each pair was worked on the sheet-off mill 
2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes, respectively. The data shows that black. 

in each case where the masterbatch was subjected to Table XLII deals with natural rubber compounded 
additional work on the mill, its extrusion was smoother with 48 parts HAF black PHR. The masterbatches were 
and shinier in appearance, it shrunk and swelled slightly mixed and worked on the mill in the same manner as 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 








TaBLe XLI—EFrects or ADDITIONAL WoRK ON MASTERBATCH ON SHEET-OFFr MILL ON PROPERTIES OF NATURAI 
RUBBER COMPOUNDED WitH ISAF BLaAck 


Bate} 


Mixing Time, Minutes: 
Masterbatch in Banbury ; 7 9 
Maste rbat« h on Sheet Ott Mill 
Final in Banbury 


Proce ssing 
Banbury 
Maximum Stock Temperature, Masterbatch (°F ) 
Maximum Stock Temperature, Final (°F) 
Total Power (Watt-Hours) 
Mooney \ iscosity { ML, f at 212°F ) 
Extrusion, Grams/ Meter 
Extrusion, Diameter-Inches 
Shrinkage and Swell 
Mill Shrinkage (%) 
extruder Shrinkage (%) 
Extruder Swell (%) 
Mooney Scorch, MS at 250°F ( Minutes) 
1 Point Rise 
3 Point Rise 
Equal 1 Minute Reading. 


Cure, Min 
280° F 
Reimforcement 
Modulus at 300% Elongation (psi) 1) 1200 1270 | 
Tensile Strength (psi) ; 1) S900 1000 470 
* Elongation at Break : 1 610 620 605 
Shore Hardnes ’ 10 60 re 


Resistance to Tear (Lbs./In.) 10 07 ; O03 950 
% Rebound ‘ ; . 90 ; f 3X ie 
Torsional Hysteresis at 200° F 

(K & 1000) 10 : 0) 242 
Heat Build-l DP, Goodrich Flex, (AT, °F 90 0 ; 

“% Compression sepa twrasen hee — ) J 5.8 

% set os > ® 
Running Temp., Firestone Flex. (°F). 90 ; 5() 
DeMattia Flex (M Cycles) ; YW i 7.17 
\brasion (Grams Loss/Hour) Oo / 15.2 5 14.8 
Klectrical Resistivity (Ohm-Cm.) ) 4,600 


‘ 


>A) 





the preceding masterbatches listed in Table x well thicker 
XLI. A review of the data similarly indicates that the length « 
mill-worked masterbatches gave extrusions which wer: 


extruded , more weight per unit 


4 extrusion, duller looking and rougher extru 


ion, poorer dispersion lower electrical re fivi (better 


smoother and shinier in appearance and shrunk and conductance ), lower modulus, higher elongation at bre 
swelled slightly less, and weighed slightly I ind wel higher resistance to tear, lower heat build-up, highes 
slightly thinner in gauge, higher tn electrical resi ( onal hy 
and showed bettet dispersion of the black 

In summary, it 1s obvious that the additional 


Leresis, le ibrasion lo ana pr icticall 


hange in tensile strength, Shore hardn rebouns 
1 resistance to flex (cut-g1 The « 

given a masterbatch on the slab-off mill result forementioned effects wi e governed 
slight reduction of the nerve. Consequently, the ext the t 

sions tend to shrink and swell slightly less, th furthermore. extended working of the 


slightly less, and they are slightly thinner in gauge heet-off 


I} hee 


pre of carbon blacl ind the loading 


mill immmediatel itter tt 


the unworked stocks. However, the former extru Banbury carcely improves the 


ire somewhat smoother and shinier in appearance il of the final. but it does increase tl ly fivil 


higher in electrical resistance. They show better disper 


‘ | | | 
id improve ore , | dispersion and smoothne 


ion of the black There is also no definite prool that ind reduces somewhat t nerve and vel] 


additional working of masterbatches on the mill result t} tudy that 


] 
in end products with better reinforcement and highes 


lutie to retain a 
the lab-off mill any longer than 3 requ 
resistance to tear, flex (cut-growth) and abrasion n’ and batching off for later proce ing 

Provided there | ufficr ir pressure © 


CONCLUSION | sutheient horsepower to properly operate 
and the plant Paciiitye are proper 
Reducing the mixing cycle time of a masterbat ill rapid feeding to the Banbury and rapid 
result in a lower mixing temperature (including th the gredients and handling the mix) 
the final batch) and in less power consumption ely, a Banbury mixing 
final batch will have higher viscosity, shorter scot isterbatch would not. for 


wil shrinkage, more nerve, more Ktrusi rially from the phy 








TABL 


Batel 


Mi 
Ma 
Ma 
bins 


Proc 
Lan 
M 


bext 
Iext 


Shr 


Mill 


J 
J 


Moon 


2 


| 


Rew 
Mo 
ler 


‘ 
‘ 


She 
Ite 


‘ 
G 


Por 
{ 


‘ 
‘ 


‘ 
‘ 


Rut 


DeMattia 


Abr 
ble 


I he 


~E XLII-—Evrrects or Appitrio 


NAL 


RUBBER COMPOUNDED WITH 


\ 


Dime 


terhatel j , pur . een 5 
Minimum 
, 


terbateh on 


il in Banbur 


ing 
bur 
ax! 


rusion, ¢ Meter 
Diameter Inche 
} yell 
hrinkawe (%) 


Tal 
rusion 


inh ave an 


hrinkage 
Swell (% 


h MSat 


xtruder 
xtruder 
Scor 

heise 
Rise 


Minute 


Point 
Point 
qual ] 


Min 
ZR0° | 


(ure 


rcement 

H) 
1) 
) 
) 
i) 

OO 


WO, | ni 
(psi) 
break 


dulus at 


isile Strengtl 
longation 


Hardne 


{« 


al 
ire 
istance lear (Lb 
Rebound 
ional H I¢ 
kK & 1000) 
it Build-Up, Gor 
Compre lon 


Set 


resis at 200° | 
1) 
ble (A’‘J OO 


aricl 


Ile 30 
(M ( yeles) ORS 

Lo Hour ) 16.7 
Istiy i-Cm., ) 19,000 


Femp., Firest« 
lex 


((sran 


Winp ie 


asion 
trical Re 


HAF Black used in n ‘ eriments Ww not from the 


p 


WorRK ON MASTERBATCH ON SHEET-Orr MILL ON PROPERTIES OF NATURAL 


HAF Briack* 


( 1) 


7 
Minimur 


Minimur 


) 


( 
; 


Minimur 
? 


334 
208 
1091 


1560 
3RR ag 
560 
59 
805 
4) 


1480 
3940 
580 
OW 
891 
x9 


1470 
3815 
580 
OH 
40 
4g 


1400 
R40 
590 
Oo 
B4x 
s9 


X30 


$9 


183 

57 
it 
56 


194 
54 53 
6.0 5.9 
5.2 3.6 

240 236 
10.07 11.16 

16,2 15.7 
60,6000 51,000 


214 
0) 

1.7 

rR 
239 

9 93 
16.4 
33,400 


236) 216 
9 

4.0 
244 

9 93 
15.9 
7 DOO 


236 
10.10 
16.1 
32,460 


ported on is study 





Hlow 
poun 
proce 


nerve 


1] 
torn 
Ine., 


ihe kon 


(1) 


of the com 
from a 


final end 


1} 


ever, depending on. the use 
d, a longer 
ing angle to reduce viscosity and thereby decrease 


well 


mixing cycle may be desirable 


hrinkage, and 


NOWLEDGMI 


ACK 


w test work relating to this investigation was pet 


ied in the laboratory of United Carbon Company, 
Charleston, West Virginia. The author gratefully 
the help received from the staff, including 


OW le ye 


LITERATURE 


Anon,, Rubb 1. 133, N p. 687, February, 
1956 

W. F. W 
Rubber 
pp. 98-99 
B. J. A 
Effect on Ph 
nology, Vol 

W. B. Wiee 


on Properties ot 


Masticator for 
Vol. 31, No, 3, 


\ Small 


truments 


atso 
Plast ZAtION, : 
March, 195 
Martin an ‘arkinson, “Milling Its 
ical 1 Rubber Chemstry and Tech- 
No %)) January-March, 1955 
and \. Braendle, “Effect of Milling 
Hlevea Buna Rubbers,” Jndustrial and 
Engineering Chemistry, Industrial dition, Vol. 36, No 
pp. 699-702, August, 1944 
N. C. H. Humphreys, “Electrical Conductivity Experiments 
with High Abrasion Furnace Black Loaded Natural Rub 
bers,” Proce The Institution of the Rubber Industry, 
Vol 4 No 5. pp 163 172, Octobe e 1955 


Procedure, 


Py 
ind 


ind 
Pal 


amas, 





S R. Lorentz, EK. V. W. DeBolt 
}. M. Knight, A. O. Barker, J. F. Milner, and A. ¢ 

Childs. Thanks are also due Mary A. Watring, Beatrice 
C, Smith, and Josie E. Lowman for tabulating the data 
and up the text: to M George for the Xerox 
work (multiple copies); tos H. Benton, of Charleston, 
to the management of United Car- 


Trail, L 


( rosby, I: 


setting 


for the photographs ; 
bon Company, Inc., for permission to publish this paper, 
and to many of my friends in the rubber industry for 
their helpful suggestions in the conductance of this 
study 


REFERENCES 


Parkinson and A. F. Blanchard, “Factors Influencing the 
Configuration of Carbon Particles in Rubber,” 
The Institution of the Rubber Industry, Vol 
259-279, April, 1948 

W. B. Wiee “Effect of 
Rubber,” The Institution of the Rubber 
dustry, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 422-427, April, 1932 

( W. Sweitzer, W. ©, Goodrich K. A The 
Carbon Black Gel Complex in Cold Rubber Reinforcement,” 
Rubber Age (N. Y.), Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 651-662, September, 
1049 
H. A 
Reinforcement of 
Heat in 
forcement,” Rubber 
210, November, 1952 


(6) D 
Transactions, 
23, No. 6. pp 
Overmilling on Compounded 


In- 


ind, 
Transactions, 


and Burgess 


in the Carbon Black 
Carbon Black Disper- 
tor Optimum 
2, No. 2, pp 


Role of Heat 
Part Il 
Processing 


(N. Y.), Vol 


oe | he 
Rubbe I 
Factory 


Age 


Br i¢ ndle, 


Rein 


205 


sion and 


/ 


BBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 


~ 





(10) B. B. S. T. Boonstra and E. M. Dannenberg, “Electrical (20) B. S. Garvey, Ir. M. H. Whitlock and J. A Freese, Ir, 
Conductivity of Rubber—Carbon Black Vulcanizates,” Jn “Processing Characteristics of Synthetic Tire Rubber,” In 
dustrial and Ingmeering Chemistry, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp dustrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 34 No. ll, pp 
218-227, January, 1954 1309-1312, November, 1942 


E. M. Dannenberg, “Carbon Black Dispersion and Rein 21) General Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, ‘ Mt 
forcement,” /ndustrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 4, Test for HAF and FEI Blacks in GR-S, Meth 
No. 4, pp. 813-818, April, 1952 C. M. Hofmann, September 17, 1952 


A. F. Blanchard and D. Parkinson, “Structures in Rubbet 2) FE. N. Dannenberg and \. Stokes 

Reinforced by Carbon Blacks,” Proceedings of th cond Re inforcing Furnace Black k rr : Pa 

Rubber Technology Conference, London, pp. 414-426, Jun trial and Engineering Chemistry o , 

23-25, 1948 April, 1949 

3) E. T. Lessig, “The Goodrich blexometet Indust 


) Comes, “Auto O gh Press ixit ica litio ‘ 
DD. A mes, “Automation in High Pressure Mix Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition, Vol. 9 
| 


posium on Automation in Rubber Manufacturing pp. 582-588, December 15, 1937, See also ‘ASTM 
by the Akron Rubber Group, October 28, 1955, Rubb. ye ards po Rubber Products,” Specification D-623-41-1 
(N. Y.), Vol. 78, No. 3, p. 395, De b 1955 , , 
i ri ; ny 4) L \ Cooper, “New Machine tot Laboratory evaluation 
June Duke, W. K. Taft and I. M. Kolthoff, “Formation of Faticue of Rubber Compounds Flexed under Compr 
found Rubber of GR-S Ty pe Polymers with Carbon Black,” Industrial and Inameermg Chemistry, Inalytical f 
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 43, No. 12, pp Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 350-351, September 1 1933 
2885-2892, December, 1951 5) H. Mooney and R. H. Gerke, “A Torsional Hystere 

D. Bulgin, “Electrically Conductive Rubber,” Transactions for Rubber,” Rubber Chemistry and agree 

The Institution of the Rubber Industry, Vol. 21, N« , pp No. 1, pp. 35-44, January, 1941, and Vol. | - 
188-218, October, 1945 January, 1942 


. 4“ , = , 
I. Drogin, “On Dispersion of Super Abrasion Carbon 0) I Lupke, Ir. Phe ree a a a Phy, 
Blacks,” address delivered at the Los Angeles Rubber Group derbilt Rubber Handbook, pp mth pi 
meeting, Los Angeles, California, February 1, 1955 7) H. A. Braendle, C. W. Sweitzer and H. ©, Steffen, “A\pI li 
ition of Very Fine Furnace Black in Low Femperature 
I. Drogin, H. R. Bishop and P, Wiseman, “Extrusion Fac GR-S,” Rubber Age (N. Y.), Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 708 710, 
tors of Black Rubber Compounds,” Rubber Age (N y ) March, 1949 
Vol 74, No 5, pp 707 700, February, 1954 re) | Drogin, H R Bishoy ind P. Wiseman, ‘ Phe Proce ing 


; fe force har { it Low lemperature 
. 4 7 4 n Xxemitorcement ( haracterist ‘ } 
Communication June ra) 19 }, lrom ke H Alle feld, Ir ’ d oh ‘ 


GR-S with Various Carbon Blacks,” Rubber Age (NV. ¥.) 
Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 309-350, December, 1948 


Carlson, General Tire and Rubber Con 29) Courtesy of A. M. Gessler, Esso Research and I-ngineering 


Farrel-Birmingham Co., Inc., Ansonia, Connecticut 


Courtesy of C. E 


pany, Akron, Ohio. Company, ¢ hemical Research Division, Linden, N. | 





Coming Next Month... 


1956—Review and Preview—1957 


An annual feature in which our editors take a long, hard look at the year just ending and the 
year ahead. This latest Review and Preview, a considerably expanded version, is the result of 
much probing and opinion sampling among the industry's large and small producers, Chart 

tables and text combine to offer an over-all picture unique in the field. A 16-page service teature 
you will want to keep on hand for months to come 


“The Chemistry of Reinforcement: Reactions Between Carbon Black and Simple Inorganic Molecules” — by 
Merton L. Studebaker, Rubber Chemicals Division, Phillips Chemical Co., Akron, Ohio. 


The first in a three part series Of artu le i N] i I is made of the reinforcement 

procedures. In this first article, the authe takes a limited investigation of tl het al reactivity of carb 
blacks with certain simple inorganic compounc ch as hydrogw ummoma, hydrogetr ive md sultus 
shown that carbon blacks are chemical ctive is which in their chem reacts ippear ft 
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons whi have been oxidized to various degree 

that the chemical reactions of carbon black hould be taken int account im any 


ment of rubber 


“Softeners for the Compounding of Rubbers.” 


\ transcript of a recent panel discussion on the subject hel the Akron Rubber 
text of talk presented by five panel member plu (jue ! asked and answered 
panel members discuss major classes of rubber so ner ling petroleum produ 


polymerized products, and ester-type plasticizer 


Plus several short, practical articles. 











RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 








Electrical Stabilization of Conducting 
Neoprene Films 


By A. G. SANDS and M. V. McDOWELL 


Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. 


KOPRIENI t 
formed into thin electrically-conducting films of 
the use of relatively 
cheap plaster Ol-paris mold or by coagulant dip 
processe er, the conductivity of the finished 
product is affected by moisture and it is 
believed to be directly related to the water-sensitive 
When the film is im 


high 


latex lions may be readily 


Corl po 


intricate geometric hape hy 
Llowe 
eriously 


ingredients present in the film 
mersed in water or 
humidity the components 
which results in separation of the conducting carbon 
particle 
ity 


exposed th) 


itmosphe res of 
water-sensitive swell, 


and con equent lo n electrical conductiv 


by contrast, dry neoprene conducting materials 
especially compounded for water resistance, do not 
exhibit high losse 


Phis 3 


ble ingredients in the formula 


in conductivity when exposed to 
due to the omission of water-solu 
and the high state of 
processes require 


moisture 
cure llowever, the dry-forming 
costly molds or dies and are not readily adaptable to 
the forming of odd configuration Consequently, 
the lates advantageous of the 
two, but the use of thi tem requires that the 


proce ] the more 
etlect of moisture on the electrical conductivity of 
the film be reduced 

It wa 
materials 


found that extract n of the water soluble 


by a simple boiling-water leaching proce 


dure prior to vulcanization effectively accomplished 
produced 


to that 


this objective and t film comparable in 


electri il propertie f the dry processed neo 


prene ela 


Forming the Mold 


Lhe ( vy for form kinned materials ot 
hi i toler 


ion mold pensive and imprac 


made the shaping of 


characteristics and 
ieested that this in 
with relative 
shape. In thi 
Important 


1 { Llowe\ 


moldability 


expensive 1 ial could b dapted 


rmming thin filt O cate 
the plaster-to-water » Was 
the absorption char 


ion is ce pendel 


acter ( ot the pla te \ p ‘r-to-water ratio 

of 50/50 by weight Wa uSsce Ml Pave a mold hay 

absorption ialities and adequate 

appheation \ ratio of 66/33 would 
‘ 


while retaining 85% 


my itistactor 
trength tor thi 
double the compre Ve tre 
of the absorption capabiliti hould this be desirable 
hoo production purpose 

Occluded air, or pinhole \ the most trouble 
in the pla | asting process, since 
air holes resulted in pockets in the mold which ten'ed 
to make removal of the film diftheult In order to 


aster was added to the 


some otftendet 


THIN Ze 


water with careful mixing until creamed and the 
slurry was then poured into the mold at one corner 
and allowed to flow across the mold while vibration was 
applied to bring air bubbles to the surface. ‘The mold 
was air dried for twenty-four hours and heated to 
180°F. for two hours to insure dryness and maximum 
strength. Taking care not to close the pores, the 
finished mold was then sprayed with a silicone mold 
release to facilitate stripping the film. 


Formulation 
Neoprene | tex 


prene polymer in water) was chosen as the base for 
material because of its excellent re 
sunlight, solvents, 
flame, and penetration of gases and liquids. The fol 
lowing formulation is typical of those used to obtain 


Pype 571 (suspension of chloro 


this conducting 


sistance to ozone, heat aging, 


a desired range of conduct ity, good processing « har 
acteristics, stabilitv, and necessary resistance to weather 
ing 
(Parts) 
Nex prem L ype 571 100.00 
Darvan 2.40 
Nerosol O'] 3%) 
Jentonite Cla 0.16 
Casein (as ammonium cas i 2) 
Sodium hydroxide 0.64 
Zinc oxide 5.25 
Neozone |) 2.10 
Aquare x DW 1.10 
Statex 12 39.80 


Water 715.45 


Dispersing agents, such as Darvan (sodium salt of 
polyalkylaryl sulfonic acid), were necessary to unt 
formly distribute the carbon particles in the latex 
Stabilizers, such as ammonia and casein, prevented 
premature coagulation, and wetting agents, 
\erosol OT, were used to reduce surface tension. All 
are water-sensitive materials; however, when they 


were reduced in quantity or omitted from the com 


such as 


pounding formula, such reductions and on 
sulted in unstable systems 


Compounding 


Compounding of these materials was accomplished 
by both high shear 
The former has a 


quantity can be 


mixing and ball milling tech 
niques time-saving advantage 
since a laboratory prepared in an 
hour, whereas the latter requires a forty-eight hour 
The electrical conductivity and physical prop 
erties of the films were essentially the same using 
either of the techniques. Hence, it appears that any 
mixing procedure which maintains the mechanical 
stability of the latex, and gives uniform films of pre 


dictable 


cye le 


conductivity is satisfactory. 





(MILS 





THICKNESS 


<0 30 4( 


TIME OF DEPOSITION (MIN 


Kate of film deposition in plaster mold 





hkIlG I: tlect oO; h nling water li a hin j 
and state of cure 


Curves: |—Cured, unleached film; 2—Cured, two 
hour boiling water leach; 3—Cured, eight hour boil 
ing water leach; 4—Two hour boiling water leach 
before cure; 5—Eight hour boiling water leach be 
fore cure; 6—Sixteen hour boiling water leach 
before cure (no additional leaching) 


CEMBER 


Casting the Film 


Che film thickness was easily predicted s 
shown in Figure 1, the rate of deposition wa 
during the first few minutes and then leveled 
an essentially straight line function \tter 
ing the excess latex the film was air-dried lt 
before Stripping trom the mold 


Leaching Process 


Figure 2, curve 1, illustrates the problen 
ered when cured, unleached conducting | 
contact with water Within 24 hours the 
resistance of the untreated water-immet 
increased by a factor of ten, 

he leaching of the air-dried film to 
Water soluble component which reduce t 
tivity of the material was accomplished b 
hour treatment with boiling ti wate! 
data indicated that faster an 
resulted when the bath was replaced by 
each hour \ total ot approximately 

water was required per square foot of 
neoprene film of 20 mils thickness No impr 

the leaching proce was noted when 
was replaced with distilled water 

Blistering of rubber articles when 

ching temperatures over 160°, ha 


the literature (Cook, : ind bat 


pren Dipped (,00ds Report No 
hemicals Division, Ik. lL. du Pont de 
ive 19) No blisterin was experience 


estigation even thoug! the film were 


hdlG 3— Resistance chanad 
ached in running tap water for var 
lime 


Curves: |—Average of 0 to 4 hours; 2—Sixteen 
hour leach; 3—Fifty hour leach; 4—Eight hour 


leach in boiling water 





AFTER 287 HRS IMMERSION IN WATER 











ORYING 


FIG k:lectrical conductance rec overy rate of a 
leached film 


periods as long as 16 
of the films may explain 
ince this study was 


treated in boiling water for 
hours Phe relative thinne 
the difference in behavior, but 
only concerned with film thicknesses up to 40 mils 
no evaluation of the effects of boiling water on ar 
ticles of greater thickne was made 

The effect of the state of cure on the degree of 
resistance of the film, 


resistance measure 


leaching, as measured by I, ¢ 

is shown in Figure 2. (The D. ( 
ments were made with a Simpson ohmmeter on film 
test strips 3.5 inches long and 0.5 inches wide, coated 
0.25 inches on each end with conducting silver paint.) 
Sample ubsequent to curing show an ele 
trical resistance after water immersion 
15 times preatel than those leached prior to curing 
Actually, vulcanization of the film probably 
during the leaching process and ts finished by 


lea hed 


CvVetl day 


partial 
occurs 
drying in hot au 


) 


Figure 2 also indicates that maximum leaching is 


obtained in eight hou longer extraction periods 
did not significantly alter the electrical resistance of 
the film on exposure to water a shown by curves 


Sand 6 


Leached Film Less Sensitive 


Che films, leached eight hours and cured, were ap 
proximately 0 times Ie ensitive to moisture than 
unleached cured material after immersion in water 

Che leached samples increased in re 
4 hours immersion by a factor of 1.1 
and after the seventh day by only 1.6, whereas un 
leached sample a factor of 87 after 
a week's immersion in water (Figure 2) 

Latex articles are customarily washed in running 
tap water at 70 to 75°F. for 20 to 30 minutes to re 


for one week 


Sistance alter 


had increased by 


move surface contaminant Figure 3 shows that 
even prolonged treatment in this manner is greatly 
inferior to the boiling water technique with respect 
to stabilizing electrical conductance 

The electrical recovery rate of a 
leached film after 287 hours immersion in water fol 


conductance 





RESISTANCE WWOHMS 








40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 
HOURS IN WATER 
5—Resistance change and volume 
swell of water-immersed samples. 
Curves: |—Resistance change of unleached film; 
2—Volume swell of unleached film; 3—Resistance 
change of film leached 8 hours in boiling water; 
4—Volume swell of film leached 8 hours in boiling 


water. 


lowed by air drying is shown in Figure 4. Evidence 
that swelling of the water-soluble constituents in the 
film increases the resistance and the effectiveness of 
the leaching process for minimizing this condition 1s 
shown by Figure 5 which correlates the film volume 


swell with d.c. resistance change. 


Physical Properties of Leached Films 


The physical properties were adequate for the pro 
posed uses. Since stretching grossly impaired the 
electrical properties, the usual tests applied to elas 
tomers, such as tensile, modulus and elongation, 
were not performed, Sixteen hours Weatherometer 
cy¢ ling produc ed no observable effects when the film 
was not under stress. However, films 100% elon 
gated broke during this same period. 

\fter seven months’ outdoor exposure at Washing 
ton, D.C. (November-June), the only observable 
change in four films was a slight stiffening. No evi 
Only a negligible 
during this 


dence of cracking could be found. 


electrical resistance change occurred 


weathering test 


Summary 


The deleterious effects of moisture on the electrical 
properties of conducting latex-cast films is minimized 
by a simple boiling-water treatment which  leaches 
the water-sensitive components from the film \ 
method of preparing cheap plaster-of-paris molds, and 
the formulation and casting of conducting latex films 


1s desc ribed 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 








Edstuseat: « a 


Season's Greetings 


difficulties that beset the world 
scene today it behooves us all to take special note 


It may yet be that the 


MIDST the 


of this Christmas season 


peace and the tranquility synonymous with th 
season will carry over to the days that lie ahead 


And in 


this light may we wish all our friends in the in 


It is devoutly to be wished that this be so 


dustry the joy, the health and the peace we wish 
for ourselves and for our country 


THe PUBLISHERS 


I anyone n the rubber 


industry still requires a 


Growth 
Potential 


surance as to the growth 
potential of the industry dur 
ing the next ten years, he 
need but take a look at the series of charts used by W J 
Dears, VICE president of the Rubber Manufacturers Asso 
ciation, in connection with his recent talk on “Growth 
Chis talk set the st pe 
for the panel discussion which featured the annual meet 


\ssociation held in New York late last month 


and some of the charts referred to above 


Trends in the Rubber Industry 


ing of the 
are reproduced 
elsewhere in this issue 
The various figures used by Mr. Sears 

and depicted on the charts are covered in the news story 
of the meeting which appears on subsequent pages in thi 
issue and accordingly need not be repeated here But 
some of the conclusions to be drawn merit emphasi 
For example, the chart devoted to world consumption of 
natural and synthetic rubber covered the 
of 1945 to 1955 and estimates for 1956 to 1965 
20-year 
factual, the 
nearly three-fold 


ictual period 
In thi 
span, if the estimates eventually prove to be 
world’s rubber consumption may increass 
Since there is no « xpectation of any 
substantial increase in natural rubber production in the 
years to come, the world’s rubber manufacturing indu 
try must depend upon the increasing supplies of syntheti 
rubber to support its potential growth 

In this connection, Mr. Sears used a figure which hold 
great deal of interest. According to a recent 


iy surve' 


made among synthetic rubber producers, the production 


capacity for American synthetic rubber by January 1, 
1960, will reach 1,800,000 long tons The 
the estimated 


(On the sur 


Importance 
of this figure lies in the fact that it exceeds 
1960 consumption for all types of rubbers 
face, this might look like a ridiculous situation, were it 
not for the fact that 
thetic rubber look for a steadily increasing export market 
despite the fact that synthets 
abroad \ 


pom) mice 


\merican manutacturers of syn 


for many years to come, 
rubber plants are beginning to take shape 
word of caution could be thrown in at thi 
it is quite possible that these foreign synthetic rubber 
plants could develop far more quickly than anticipated 

reported 
1929 and 


steep rise in the last five year 


Dollar sales of rubbet produc ts companies, a 
by the speaker, have increased six-fold since 
showed a particularly 
Here again, a conclusion can be drawn, namely that the 
increase in the past five years in dollar sales probably 
reflects the diversification of rubber companies nto other 
helds, 
For the future, sales will continue to rise in relationship 
to the 


emphasized, it will probably rise at a faster rate due to 


including chemicals, plastics and metal products 


increase in rubber consumption, but as wa 
increased diversification ind possibly a more profitable 
operation 

Qf al the charts used by Mr. Sears, the most dramati 
Wa one showing new rubber con umption pel Capita 
in the principal countries of the world during 1955. If 
we may be permitted a few figures, some of these are 
United States, Kingdom, 11.7; 
France, 8.2; Germany, 7.4 Brazil, 1.6 
India, 0.2. Rubber consumption per capita in the United 
) +] 


States has trebled in the past 2 years and thu ha 


20.7 pounds; United 
Japan, 2.3 


grown at a much faster rate than the population alon 
lo quote Mr. Sears: “A glances 


stir the imagination as to what the 


at the figures cannot but 
world demand for 
rubber might be if some of the more populous countric 
increased their per capita consumption by a pound or a 
part of a pound e 
[he writer of thi cockeyed 


I tbh i 


editorial is an admitted 


optimist” when it comes to the future of the 
manufacturing industry He made this point in a tall 
before the recent organizational meeting of the new 
Southern Rubber Group at New Orleans, as also re 
to have 


ported elsewhere in this issue It is encouraging 


the “professional estimators” furnish the statistics to 


support this optimism 








! _ ~~ | Sidelights of the News... 
| a 























December, 1956 


The 4lst Annual Meeting of the Rubber Manufacturers Association 
held on November 28 in New York City was attended by approxi- 
mately 200 rubber manufacturers . .. The theme of the meeting 
was “Rubber as a Growth Industry—lIts Problems and Oppor- 
tunities" . .. After many years of full cooperation in RMA 
activities, the Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. was elected to full 
membership in the Association (page 508). 





The Office of Defense Mobilization has postponed consideration 
of an industry rubber (ockpile plan until such time as de- 
layed deliveries from the Far East threaten a rubber shortage 


{ page 505 ) . 








The newest of the local rubber groups, the Southern Rubber 
Group, was organized at a two-day meeting on November 16 and 
17 in New Orleans, La... . The meeting featured an election 

of officers and directors, a banquet and two symposiums... 
M, E., Lerner, editor of RUBBER AGE, was the principal Speaker 








at the banquet, “delivering a paper on "This Rubber Industry 
of Ours" (page 516). 


Publicker Industries and Union Carbide have filed the only bids 


to lease the government-owned alcohol-butadiene plant at 
Louisville, Ky. (page 506) 


The Mexican Government has announced a three-year rubber 


cultivation program to eliminate the present annual cost of 
$32,000,000 on the importation of natural and synthetic rubber 
» »- « Government experts believe that Mexico can meet all its 
industrial needs with home- =BEOen natural rubber and eliminate 
the use of imported synthetics (page 519). Meanwhile, a large- 
scale rubber development program has been undertaken by the 
Peruvian Government with the cooperation of the United States 


(page 511). 





Pending the outcome of an appraisal now being made, it will be 
February or March before the Government decides what to do 
with the synenetic rubber laboratories at the University of 


Akron (page 506) 





Among interesting meetings held during the past month was 

— one-day meeting held by the Rubber and Plastics Division of 
ASME in New York City on November 29... The program consisted 

of two technical sessions (page 512). On November 8 and 9, 

the Seventh Canadian High Polymer Forum was held at Sarnia, 

Ont. 





a Canada... The Forum, devoted to all aspects of polymer 
science, featured a number of papers of direct interest to 
the rubber industry (page 524). 








NEWS REPORTS 
and Industry Activities 





ODM POSTPONES INDUSTRY STOCKPILE PROPOSAL; ‘'"" 
TWO BIDS FILED FOR LEASE OF LOUISVILLE PLANT 


A’ THURS. FLEMMING, director of the Defense Mobilization, 
has postponed consideration of an industry bl stockpile plan until such 
time as delayed deliveries from the Fat ast 1 it a national rubber 
shortage. Manufacturers had requested an increa smount of rubber 
sold from the sto« kpile each month and a lengt ! ny ! m n which 
the industry must deliver new rubber to replace t rel | fi stoc] 
pile In a letter to General Services Administrator rankli ette on 

Te) Dy, 


November 28, | lemming stated that “the p1 uation does not 


irrant’’ a change in the stockpile procedure 

Meanwhile, the Federal Facilities Corporation announced that Publicker 
Industries, Inc., and the Union Carbide and Carbon rp. have filed the 
only bids to lease the alcohol-butadiene plant i lle, \ rr undis 
closed period ol from 5 io 15 years These w ein ! npansy offering 
to purchase the plant when it was put up for sa he government last 
Ypring Phe Rubbe1 Producing Faciiti 1) ) Wil 1On, NOW cle 
funct, awarded the purchase contract to Uni ! t Congress rejected 








tockpile proposal hi that pil | to such an 
sly recommended b ! \ xt ‘ nat il rubber shortage 
member inter-agency committe | i mimi | f rnment will be 
also supported b } 1 oO prepat t consid t t time such 
segment of the rubber indu v! ippu | empo 
there was no need to | , ’ 
vavinent!é abbes rotatio Sees No Natural Shortage 
nt suppl ituation was tler apt tl 4 , ; yredicted 
nclusion reached also by the De 
partments of Commerce, State and De 
(GSA the Office of Defense 


emmin 
to Mr. Floet 
Materials SET VICE 
received ! onfiicting mmere be | ent : Sale 
its Rubber Business ‘ he p " national 
mimittee as to the need ; Ni ransport ad dist uu 1 m noting 
overnmental action ward hi { 7 1 youl bring 
in our rubber sto ) ( é ‘ partie Busi 
police ind procedures 


understand it, the Depa 


partments 


Commere Defense | 
lense Materials } 
1 that the present situate 
Varrant Ath permanent 
vernment’s poli 


mcur in 





respect ‘In i" 
“O00 000 tons would 
for a war of five year duration 
stor kpile base period) Phere 
question even the 
five-year supply 
M1 jlyer did not 


emphasized by Mr 


mentor 
a point 
hi argument ayainst an 
tockpile ‘ 
Buybee 


ectn nel 


natural rubber 


tional securit Mr 
even a 


lay of 


move 
tockpile re-deliveri ‘ be 


trued as ar unfriendly ; o the 


con 
producer nator 
‘In vital instance ol i | n the 
past Mr. Bughee 


neerned witl 


recalled he govern 
ment awen rubber has 
note o ! inter ional 


taken duc m 


pact ot ment 
they hav 

He aid thi 
ment 
but declared th; the 


not be missed 


anice 
dela 
Ml ible’ 


mere replace 


eem rea ace 
preces vould 
tantly vies 

danger if admini 
a leak in the dike of the 


national securit and ni 


ty alone vill determine 


chanws in the rotation chedule 


Natural Rubber Stocks 
ituation, Mr 


indu 


In an aside on the Suez 


Bugbee noted that the rubber 
natural rubber sto¢ 


ynthetic stock 


mamtan 
the size of 
fact that nthetic con 
than 


‘In view of the 


uniptr 


O% more natural cy 


extent thet 


stock it the moment, in wl h no OV 


ernment tockpile operat hie ob 


served cone wonder Miore 
| 


natural stocks might no rried com 


mercially as a normal procedure in 


commodity which is produced 

Irom 
William 

the B. | 


recentl 


consumin 


Goodrich howe 
that tl vernment 
much tockpil 
sell some. He aid that th 


timated 


rubber in 
now contam al ( 


long tons of rubber, “mucl 
enough for a five-year wat 


Mr Richardson 


would 


declared 
be well for the gove 
order| 
ber im that pile 
realist defen 
Richardson aid the = [ ha the 
know-how to 


would need to 


con iwler liquidati my ¢ rub 
which is in exe ot 

requirement Mr 
“facilities or the rroduce 


all the 


a national 


rubber we meet 


emergency 


Louisville Plant Details 


lo return to the alcohol-butadiens 


ville this facility 1 now 


Publi ket 


plant at Louis 


under a three-year le; 
Industrie with the 

April 4, 1958. It wi 
month that Publicker h; 
Federal Facilities Corpor: 
production 


shutting down 


mitted under the terms of 
immediate effect of the me 


shitt the ost of maintenance 





Silastic Brain Valve 

ss steel valves encased 
in “Silastic $-9711,” a product of the 
Midland, Mich., 


Bridgeport, Penna., 


Using stainle 


Dow Corning Corp., 
John Holter of 
has invented an 
valve which 1s 
promising cure developed to date for 


automat brain 


said to be the most 
hydrocephalus, or “water on the 
This kills 10,000 to 
Americans annually, most of 
Under the 


brain.’ disease 
15,000 
them babies 
impending death, Mr 
ter within a few 


goal that medical 


impetus of 
Hol 


reac hed a 


his son’s 
weeks 
science has striven 
The valve, which 
backflow 
from the brain into the juglar vein, 
child’s life, but 
to be 82% effective, in 
other cases of hydrocephalus Chet 
Silastic S-9711 are 


resilient, 


toward for years 


permits drainage with no 


not only saved the 
has proven 


advantages ot 
that it is soft, 
will not 


non-toxic, 
bod 


growth by 


and rupture delicate 


tissues or encourage their 


chemical inter-reaction 





plant from Publicker to the 
ment 
that time that 


s‘epping out of the al 


It was 
Publicker 


cohol-butadiene 


reported at 
was 
business because ot 
demand for the material. The 
filled a gap 
demand and the sup 


type 


lessened 
plant 
over-all butadiene 
ply of the 
Now, there 
um = butadiene 


originally between 


petroleum butadiene 
is said to be enough petrol 
available, particularly 


since sales to synthetic rubber plants 

had not maintained anticipated levels, 
Union Carbide 

terested in the facility for the production 


than 


1s reported to be in 


of some chemical product other 
special dis 


al ohol 


lessee has a free 


alcohol-butadiene. Under 


legislation covering all 


facilitie 


posal 
butadiene any 
hand in the plant’s operations, but must 
butadiene pro 


be prepared to re-entet 


duction, at its own expense, during an 
emergency 

FEC said it 
with Publickers 


set December 15 as the 


has begun negotiations 


and Union Carbide and 


deadline for a 
award. The lease must be cleared 
Attorney 


viewpoint 


le ase 


by the General from the anti 


trust and submitted for re 
will become 
with 


either 


view by Congress. The lease 
final, subject to the 
Publicker, if not disapproved by 
House of Congress within 30 days from 


he ¢ 


existing lease 


submission by 


Lab Disposal Picture 


It has meanwhile been reported that 
before the 
will 


some months 


it will be 


government finally decides what it 


do with the synthetic rubber laboratories 
in Akron. An 
made for the 
about the 
Advertising for 
that 
and the 


he Ing 
and should 
first of the 


bids 


appraisal is now 
government 
be finished new 


yeal will com 
time 


Bureau of the 


mence at 


GSA Budget 


will weigh the bids from firms 
against uses proposed by various govern- 
ment agencies. The private and the 
government “bids” are to be considered 
together. A GSA _ spokesman ad- 
vised that about 20 replies are in from 
trom “no 


interest” 


private 


has 
government agencies ranging 


interest” to “some degree of 
in the Akron facility, About six replies, 
from the most likely still 
outstanding 

If it develops that government agen- 


use for the 


agencies, are 


have laboratories, 


the value to the 


cies do 
will be 
The 
were 
operated by the Akron 
They are now in standby 


government 
against the private bids 
constructed in 1943, 
University of 


weighed 
laboratories, 
until recently 
condition 


Union Carbide Appointments 


New 


new 


Union Carbide and Carbon 


York, N. Y., has 


appointments to its various subsidiary com 


( Orp., 
announced several 
Turner, formerly vice 
Jakelite O., 


panies. R. K 
dent of production for the 


presi 


has been appointed a vice preside nt of Car 
bide and Carbon Chemicals Co. In his new 
capacity, Mr. Turner will be 
with plastics operations of both companies 
He is 


of production at 


concerned 


succeeded as vice president in charge 
sakelite by G. L. Pitzer, 
that 


has been promoted 


works manager for 
Barry, Jr 
superintendent to 


previously com 
pany. R, P 
from assistant superin 
tendent of the Carbide and Carbon chemi 
cals and plastics resins plant at Seadrift, 
Texas, in place of Dr. C. M. Blair, who 
assigned to the New York head 
quarters of the company. W. C. Heiden 
reich, former superintendent of the Niagara 
Falls Carbide 


been 


has been 


and Carbon, has 
director of the 


plant of 
appointed associate 


General Industrial Relations Department 


of the company. His functions as plant sup 
erintendent at Niagara Falls 
sumed by H. B formerly of the 
South plant of 


will be as 
Coons, 
and 


Charleston Carbide 


( arbon 


Goodyear Retirement Program 


In accordance with a compulsory re 
tirement program adopted by Goodyear 
Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio, on 
1955, approximately 800 Good 
Akron will be re 
tired and pensioned on January 31. An 
estimated 400 will be 
the company’s plants in other cities 
of the 
insurance 

and the [ 
19 months 
an hourly 


of 65, 


Tire and 
May 5, 

year employees in 
retired in 
One 


more 
provisions of a new pension and 
contract signed by Goodyear 
nited Rubber Workers 
called for 
to be 


about 
ago, workers on 
the age 


For 


worker, 


retired at 
1957 


scale 
beginning February 1, 


the salaried or white collas 


fixed the compulsory retire 
Until this 
was no age 


The 


retirement 


Goodveart 
ment age at 68 rule 


there 


was 
adopted, limit for 
Goodyear employees 


that the 


company 
will not 
has 


anticipation ot 


States mass 


hiring as Goodyear 


men in 


result in mass 
been employing 


future needs 


Have some comments to make? Write 
a letter to the editor! (See page 402). 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 





FTC RULES FULL INVESTIGATION 
OF RESTRAINT-OF-TRADE CASES 


Phe 


accessories 


the batteries and 
“restraint-of-trade case” 

Federal Trade ( 
B. F. Goodrich Co 


has been 


scope ot tires, 


brought by the 
mission 


om 
against and 
widened as a 


November 


, that its hearing examiner 


the Texas Co., 
result of an order 
28 by the FTC 
take full evidence on six 


sion contracts previously barred from the 


issued on 


sales commis- 
hearings 
According to 


order requires admission of evidence on 


current reports, FTC's 
the “details, operation and competitive 


effects” of an over-riding commission 


the Fire 
and 


and 
Rubber Co., 


contract between ‘Texas 


stone lire and live 


others between Goodrich and five oil 


companies not named in the 
Although the FT(¢ 


an appeal in the 


complaint 


order covered only 


Goodrich-Texas case, 
it establishes a precedent in similar cases 
brought Atlantic 
Firestone attorneys followed 


thei 


against Goodyear and 
Shell. FTC 
Goodrich with a 


Atlantic 


Texas appeal 


similar one in the Goodyear 
Case 


This 


down by E. J 


action upset the ruling handed 


Kolb, 


the 


Commission ex 
TBA cases 
Examuinet 
the ‘Texas 
introduced 
that 


amount 


amine! conducting 
against the six 


Kolb had 


Firestone 


companies 
that only 
¢ ould be 


ruled 
contract 
Texas case and 


limited to 


in the Goodrich 
on it must be 
Phe upset 


for the FT 


¢ vice nce 


of sales under it represents 


a major victory litigation 


bureau 


Full TBA Details Necessary 
T¢ 


peal against the examiner's decision, that 
full details of all TBA activities of Good 
sary to prove 
TBA 


companies In 


attorneys argued in their ap 


and ‘Texas 


ged ‘foreclosure”’ of the 


ric] were neces 
hat 
ket non-participating 
block the ippeal im 61ts ase 
the | 
Atlantic's 
“The 


joined as 


i move to 


Atlanti 
efforts 


attorneys’ 
PBA 


very 


criticized 
relation 
fact that 


re sponde nts 


to show 
s| ip te Firestone 
the commussion 

only one oil company and one tire com 
pany shows that the 


detailed 


commission in 
examination of only 
Atlantic 


attorney 


tended a 
ne relationship”, declared 
\ Goodyear 

he FT 


would br 


predicted be- 


handed down the order 
sales 
rT ¢ 
had 
com- 
TBA 
and 
outlets of the oil 


at it ing thirty or more 


commission arguments under the 
which, up to 
three. The sale 


issue 


investigation, now 


been limited to 


mission contracts at cover! 


items produced by the rubber firms 


Id through ssoline 
ompanies The 


tend that the 


rubber-oil people con 
commissions are earned 
efforts of the oil 


They warn that outlawing the 


b legitimate sales 
companies 


ver-riding commission system would 


set a competitive, widely used market 


system which they insist is legal 


Phe 


postpr 


been 
taken 
Rubber 


(Goodri Texas case has 


ned while proceedings are 


up against Goodyear Tire and 


Co. and Atlantic Refining and 


PROMOTION OF HEAGLE AND ZACHARIAS ANNOUNCED BY THERMOID CO. 


John M. Heagle 


Thermoid ¢ 
nounced — tl 
Heagle i 
the Rubber Division 
R. Zacharias, who | 
manager of engineering and manutacturing 
Heagle, 
the last 
xperience in his 


renton, N 


( ippomtiment ol 


has an 
John M 
inutacturing of 


kdward 


imager of m 
icceeding 


been named general 


service for the company. Mr who 


been with Thermoid for three 


ha b uned A le ( 


association with several rubber manutac 


turers. He is a graduate of St. Lawrence 


Edward R. Zacharias 


inton, N.Y \lr. Zacl 
d Thermoid in 1950, after eleven year 
Stoke Di 
Wel 
wnmada, He is a graduate of the 
Saskatchewan, 


Universit ( ria 
pounce 
as tactor manager for the 
vision, General Tire and Rubber ¢ 
land, Ont., 
Universit ot where he 


Zacharias 3 


Institute 


studied civil engineering. Mr 
i member of the Engineering 


Canada ind a prot ional engineer 
tanding in the |’ 


COntari Canada 


man year Virice 








stone lire and Rubber Co 
Qil Co. Pre 
held 
Shell case onvened on 
and the Go 


open d on 


Shell 


be en 


and 


trial conterences have 


mn both new cases; the Firestone 
December 1 
\tlantic case 


hie 


tart ayvain on 


vlyeat was re 


December 3 (Goodrich 


lexas case will January 
14, with | 


il hicago ol and 


aring cheduled to take place 
(maha, 
Atlanta, 
th. Testimony 


chiefly 


Nebra and 


from 


AMF Acquires Voit Rubber 
American Machine and 


rk N. ¥ " 

acquire t W J 
ber ( wit! 
Calif., and Pe 


recently 


Foundry Co., 
exercised its 
Von Rub 
Angeles, 
Rubber 
lexible 
a plant at 


New Y« 
option to 
plant m 
wtland, Ore ot 
Radiator El with 
Danville, IIlL., 
reported 


hermoid Co., as 
AMI 
exchange for 

AMF stock i 


approximately $39 a 


elsewhere this issue 


acquired Voit Rubber in 
120,000 common 


quoted at 


hare 
share at 
this year 
te otal $12,000,000 The 


which 1s 


Rubber sales 
xpected 
icquired 
Willard Voit, pre 

AMI 


company 
ident, wall 


wned sub 


the com 


and pole 


Davis Fights Tax Bill 
\ $2,537,844 
Poncet Davis, pre ident 
lire & Rubber Co lu 
will be fought im the 
to Mr 
be asked to 
liabilit Mr 


coverm the years 


back tax bill facing 
Robbins 


cumbia \la 


ot the 
according 


Davis’ attorneys, The courts will 
determine what, if 
Davi has on tederal 
1943 to 1948 
vernment Internal Revenue 
2,537,844 figure on Novembe 
ved to freeze Mr Davi 
| unts Mr 


ughout the ce 
federal 


any, 
taxe 
The 


ervice 


Davi i erving tour eat 


NAVINI been ( \ lee ol 
income tax evasion, He ha \ ud 
i $40,000 fine on thi ct 


Phe 


prison term 


vernment 1 now ! 


collect the 
Mr Davi owes the 


United 


t to 


state 


Petrochemicals Unit Planned 


Petroleum Chemical 


lean | 


construction it a 


4 ha innounces 
mult 
plant at | 


200,000,000 


petrochemical 


' 
La, 1 produce 
ethylene 


annually. Completi 


new unit cheduled i 


1958 lhe new plant will 
yleum Chemical 
facility at Lake ¢ 


Oil ¢ 


jacent to Petr 
harle 
tinental and Cit 
fineries will supply refiner 
raw material tor 


; 
Petr 


producing 


leum Chemica also 1 


plan to construct 
to produce 


mona dail 








RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION HOLDS 41st ANNUAL MEETING 
ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION 


Approximate 200) rubber 1 ture? Directors currently serving terms to ex ‘ena Bee Ye 
participated in the 41st A il Meeting of — pire in 1958 include: A. L. Freedlander : 
the Rubber Ma president of the Dayton Rubber Co., O. ¢ 
} Vinnedge, vice-president and general mat 
rer of the Dryden Rubber Division, Shelle , 
Manufacturing Corp William O’N¢e : a5 : 
atex Foam Product 


rm dent of the (General Tire & Rubhe ‘ ) . 
Shoe Produet 


rOOdS 


} 
{ 


Co., and W, S. Richardson, president of ‘ Athletic Goods. Tor 


B. | (,oodrich Ce 
(4,000 ind Sponge 
Directors current! erving , ‘ ; lene 
7 isulated Wire & Cable 
pire in 1957 include: H. A 
president and general manager of tl ( 
VProofed Goods 


verse Eumeer 0re, Jone 1. Collyer, cans Hard Rubber Product 


Thoma 
lire & Rubber 
ident of 


H. E. Humpht 


S. Rubber Co 





Evaluate Industry's Role 
t that background 


‘ ne clear that 


e purpose of the tist Am 
d 


» evaluate tl bher indu role 
anufacturing industry 


rowing vork conol ¢ t : : 
mid x 1% ; supplte 
capability of expanding to meet hui 
f new 1 | rubber to support its expectes 
( } \ nal ! 
, 1 4 ha 1 count! apart trot 
n the pr rrain per all Her ! : . 
, Stat na anada, Manutact 


thie [ iket who follow : ; 
a ; crease their u ol synthet 
ie rubber manutlacturing ' 

' ubstantialls 


U } | 
against otl naustrie 


ability to t capital ne upport 
. Mey : Sie cena 4 Per Capita Consumption 
pact d in the chart 
consumption 
of the 
I la Mr 
rubber « 
barometer 
106 increased tour-f« 
rld rubber con expected 
ihout 3,000,000 long ' ‘ 196 Synthets 
crease to over 4,000,000 long tons | ace ! more than 61% 
Vorld production of natural rubber A miptie ind by 1960 | 
nning at about 1,900,000 lone tor not rl producing capacit 
? 000,000 lo tor nation’ al new rubber require 
196 \ ciation 1¢ om 1 increased capacit 
leclared t, that producers can expe 


il 
i} @%X 


rise above 


COUNTRY Ibs. O 
WORLD 26 | 
U.S.A. 

Bal. of World 


| | U.K. 
gmap | AUSTRALIA 
CANADA 
FRANCE 
GERMANY (W) 
SWEDEN 
SO. AFRICA 
RUSSIA 
. | ARGENTINA 
eee beer yom wll mn. 1 ITALY 
Matthew xe Vic’ lent ‘ JAPAN 
he me Man attar | 3 sein BRAZIL . 
pre Wient Of the cl ob 
| ‘ MeGiove rt . , uti \ » i * r patos ’ SOURCE: A.M.AS RUBBER STAT. BULLETIN 
INDIA 


Elected to Three-Year T« 


Per Capita Consumption of Rubber in 1955 


RUBBER A 





in toreign demand 


rubber 


also brought out that in the 10 


ce World War II, the non-tire 


nt of the industry has beet 


products segre 
growing at a faster rate than the tire prod 
ucts end of the industry, even though the 
ve vehicles in this country 

loubled in that period. In 

nsumption, tire products 

were account for 63% of the 
total | rubber consumption; non-tire 
products, t balance. However, figures 
taken from the U. S. Census of Manufa 
tures she a dramatic increase in dollar 
value of sales in the non-tire rubber prod 
ucts field tween 1937 and 1954 sales ot 
non-tire pro¢ s rose 500% while the sales 
of tire prod rose 330% In 1937 sales 
tire products accounted for 40.6% 
1954 51.0% of the 


of non 
1f the sal 


total 


Quality Improvement Noted 


traced a tremendous 
provement in the quality and service of 
rubber products over the years. It was 
shown, for e le, that in 1910, an auto 
mobile tire t the owner $12.77 per 1,000 
miles, |] 1956, that cost had dropped to 
89 cents f 000 miles “At least the 
juality and service improve 
ments has been built into all other rubber 
products,” r. Sears said 
n his talk on “The Growth 
nomy and Its Opportuni 
1€s, dict that 1957—“a vear of roll 
ing competitiort will see gross national 
productior t a new high of $430 billion to 


$435 billios rhe present record is the 


$412 billior mated for the current year 
» predicted that disposa 
rise to the $300 billion 
figures of $287 billion 
uutput will reach a 
irned, competitive 


de the new 


pace will 


car, Mr 


SiS, the 

balance 

id France 
possibilit 

id sterling 


alter, 


LONG TONS (000) 


5000 || 


| 
| 


CONSUMPTION-- ALL RUBBERS 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


PRODUCTION 
NATURAL RUBBER 




















1946 48 58 60 62 64 65 


SOURCE RUBBER STATISTICAL BULLETIN, RMA. STATISTICAL COM 
World Consumption of Natural and Synthetic Rubber—Production of Natural Rubber 


imufacturing industry the necessary in busine Mr. Weel remarked “H 


years ever, | deplore the tendency to tor rea 
| 


mm 
crease in capital during the postwar 
the extent Of twe a concentration in 


has been prov ded tw tf 
by depreciation and re not amplify this statement. The Secretar 


less than one-fourth also made reference t 


some segments.’ He did 


thirds, or more, 
tained ¢ irnings; a little the current 
by funded debt; and the remainder by in ation which exists m regard 
tock and minor ways rubber stockpile 

As for other activities at the mee 


rted that 1956 has been 


creases in common 
Dividends (as measured by the larger com 
panies ) \ resented about 35% of was rep 
rubber is considered a milestone in the dynam row 


earnin 
vidend yield on rubber rubber manufacturing indu 


average yields on Ormsby stated that increase 
is acceptable of industrial production t 
mand of expanding market 


et) upon 


Inves 
Studies of t { return on net as ndustry imype 
com sponding demands for new 


| 
i} 


anultacturing 
anging trom 20 


before the wat Forms Two New Subdivisions 


was almost on these need the boar 
manu au ri the creation ! 
RMA, and 
of ex i 
ubdi wor 
requirement 
rrOUD 


kloort 


il 


Luncheon 


RMA 





trading and comsurr 
world 


with 


throughout the 
In connection 

pect ol the rubber 

was represent 

( ommiuttec 

Rubber Stu 

ation and 

al ( 

ment of 

1 


It wa reported 


fered testimon etting 


vicw On a number 
legislation during 


the Highwa 


( ttice 


cluding 
fication Act, the 


ation and the o-called “Tequalit 


portunit amendment to tl 
VPatman Act 

\t the vovernment 
tacts were made on bel 
with the Department of State 
Defense Mobilization, and the 
Administration on n 


Atter 


Service 
ing to stockpiling and emergen 


and military rubber requirement 


Appoints Two Vice-Presidents 
Y ork N 


appomtment ol 


fakelite Co.. New 
announced — the 
Blount as vice-president in charge 
keting and |. D 
Blount as vice-pre 
Mr. Blount, who 
m Alabama and graduated from 
Naval Academy at Annapoli 
jomed Bakelite in 1924 as a 
Before he wa 
in 1953, he had 


assistant sales manager 


Benedito to sues 
ident in charge 
ittended Marion 

192? 
ales engineer 
pl iced In} char ol ii¢ 

erved the ce pral 

re 1 


ind later vice { 
Bene 


MmaAnANCT Mtr 
Carbide 


another divi 


dent and general sale 
dito tarted 
Chemicals Co., 


( arbi AS A Sale 


with 


trainee in 
transterred to the Canadian 
Chemical Co a ale manag 
and then to the Bakelite ¢ 
1948, He became 
1956 


capacity in 


MAnAweT 


Named Technical Representative 
Midland, Micl na 


ippomtment of Donald | 
itive. He will 


Dow Corning Corp 
announced the 
Badamo as technical represent 


coordinate the sales and development effort 
for “Silastic” a 
the direction of Silastic ile 


S. Naegele. Mr. B 


with the Re 


electrical insulation under 
MmanAReT Ik 

idamo wa to | 

earcl Le 


Rubber ¢ 


rine. ra 


sociated 


velopment 


Department of the | 
he worked on designs and specificati 
new wire and cable product He 
a member of the Dixon Cory 

velopmental work on new plastic 
industry. A 1949 


with a B 


flor the textile 
of Brown Universit 
in chemistry, Mr. Badamo 
a8 an associate prote or at 
From 1942 to 1946, he 
cal laboratories of the | S. Army) 


erved u 


A rubber-covered hydraulic hose select 


is being offered free to users of Hydrauli 
Control Hose by the Republic Rubber Divi 
Rubber & Tire Corp., Young 


sion, Lee 
town, Oho 


510 


Named Executive Assistant 


Walter D. Baldwin 


Rubber ¢ o., New York, N. Y r has 
Walter D 


assistant to G. R 


| S 
announced the appointment of 
Baldwin as executive 
general 
Division. Formerly 
sales, Mr. Bald 


responsibility for 
sales, pri 


Cuthbertson, vice-president and 


manager of the Tire 
director of manufacturet 


win will have over-all 


manufacturers and government 
vate brand tire sales and tire engineering 
Succeeding Mz 
manutacturers 
Thomas |. Newton was named 
private brand sales. Mr. Bald 
win started with U. S. Rubber as a tire 
alesman in 1935. He was sales manager ot 
the Salt Lake City and Portland districts 
and manager of Gillette tire sales for | S 


Jaldwin as di 


Herbe rt 


activitie 
rector ol sales is 
DD. Smith 


director of 


becoming director of manu 
1947. Mr. Smith, for 
marketer sales, ha 
1946. He has 
manager of car dealer sales, district 
in Newark, N. J., and has held 
Mr. Newton began in 


He has been ad 


Rubber before 
facturers sales in 
merly manager of oil 


been with the company since 
been 
manager 
everal other post 
tire development in 1935 
former vice 


Tire 


ministrative assistant to the 
president and general manager of the 
Division and director of field engineering 


ind service Before hi present post, he was 


produc t manager 


Dural Appointments Announced 


Flemington, N. J 
appointment ot 


Dural Rubber Co., 
hia announced the 
Charles Fk Steen, It , as 
awer, David R. Moyes, factory 
and John W 
foreman. Mr. Steen, formerly of 
Hoist Co., Philadelphia, Penna., and of 
Schnefel Brothers Corp., Newark, N. J., 
is a graduate of New York 
Mr. Moyes, who has been in the 
industry for 19 years, was tormerly a 


general man 
manages 
Bende - head maintenance 


Globe 


University 
rubbe I 


research and development executive of 
the Faultless Rubber Co., Ashland 
Ohio. He attended Iowa State College 
Mr. Bender was previously maintenance 
plant and also 


foreman for a large tire 


rubber machinery and equipment 


He obtained rubber 


for a 
coneern mold and 
die experience as manager of the Bender 


Akron, Ohio. Mr 
Kent 


Manufacturing Co., 
Bender engineering at 
State University 


studied 


Armour Research Promotions 


Three 


thorities in 


chemists, all recognized 

their fields, have been 

scientific advisers at Armour 
Foundation of the Illinois 
lechnology, Chicago, Ill 
George Goldfinger, spe 
chemistry; Dr. C 


moted to 
Xesearch 
Institute of 

They are: Dr 
cialist in polymer 
Roland MeCully, physical chemist, and 
Dr. Frederic V author 
internationally-used handbook on 
of solids Dr Gold 
Hungary 
from the 
Before he 


Schossberger, co 
ot an 
the crystal structure 


finger was born in Budapest, 
doctorate 
1937 


in June of 


and obtained his 


University of Paris in 
Foundation 


Goldfinger 


oimed the this 
J 


year, D1 was professor of 
University of Buffalo, 
McCully has 
fields of paper 
energy. Before joining 
1951, he performed 
atomic energy at General 


Hanford Works, Richland, 


received 


chemistry at the 
Buffalo, N. Y. Dr 
work in the 


done 
much of his 
pulp and atomic 
the Foundation in 
research in 
Electric Co., 
Wash. A _ native of 
his Ph.D. at the 
in 1947, Dr 
the Foundation in 


Oregon, he 
University of Oregon 
Schossberger, who joined 


1951, holds 


inventions in pigments 


Many 


patents for and 


surface active alumina for reinforcing 


Formerly a research assistant 
Institute, University 


Schossberger 


rubber 
it the Chemical 
f Vienna, Dr 
his doctorate 


received 
from the University of 


(Goettingen, Germany 


Promoted To Senior Scientist 


\rmour Illinois 
Institute of Ill., has 
innounced the promotion of Dr. Charles H 


Research Foundation of 
Technology, Chicago, 


an authority in the field of catalvsis, 
According to the o1 
ganization, the position 1s one of the top 
the Founda 
tion and is awarded for outstanding scien 
Riesz 


engineering 


Riesz, 
to semor scientist 


ranking professional posts at 


received J 1s 
trom 


tific achievement. Dr 
loctorate in chemical 
Armour Institute of Technology, 
Illinois Tech., in 1939. He has been af 
filiated with Universal Oil Products Co., 
Gulf Research and Development Co., Sin 
Kastman Kodak Co. and 


now 


Refining Co., 
of Gas Technology. He 


clair 
the Institute joined 
the Foundation in 1952 and has since been 
primarily responsible for the creation, or 

ranization and growth of catalysis research 
chemistry and chemical engineering 
*Tecl 

Chemistrv” and “The 
Fischer-Tropsch Process”, published by the 
American Gas Association, Mr. Riesz, this 
vear, received the chemistry 
\ward of Merit for his develop 


ment of a new catalytic process tor the pre 


in the 
research department. Co-author of 


mque of Organic 


ce partme nt’s 


screntii 


duction of explosive components 


Join American Synthetic Staff 


Wilfred | and Harold O 
George have joined the American Synthetic 
New York, N. Y., as sales 


representatives. Mr. Pierpont will service 


Pierpont 
Rubber Corp., 
astern companies in the rubber goods in 


making his office in New York. Mr 


se othce will be located at Fre 


dustry, 
George, whe 
mont, Ohio, will represent the 


the Midwe 


company in 


tern area 


RUBBER AGE 





PERUVIAN RUBBER PROGRAM 
AIDED BY U.S, COOPERATION 


According to 
cultivated 
Peru 


rubber 


current reports, a new 


era in rubber planting is ar 


through a large-scale 


development pro 


riving in 

cooperative 
and 
pro 

lingo 
sta 


Peruvian 
The 


carried out at the 


sponsored by the 
States 


gram 
United Governments 
being 
Agricultural 
Situated on the 
| mgo 
miles 


gram is 
Maria 


tion, 


Experimental 
outskirts of the 
Maria. This 
from Lima 


town ol 
335 


lorest 


pioneer 
community lies 
near the eastern 
As a result of the program of rubber 
cultivation 
Maria Agricultural 


colonists in the 


region 


tree selection and carried 


out by the Tingo 


Station, about twenty 


rubber with 


holding 


area have trees, 
the largest 
to 16,000 trees 
tapping their 
rubber from high-yielding, budded trees 
in Peru 
Howard k 
American 
viser tor the 


planted 
amounting 
now 


single 
Some planters are 


trees to produce the first 


Allard serves as the North 
consultant and ad 
Depart 


Manuel 


technical 
station’s Rubber 


ment, which is headed by 
Lescano, a Peruvian 

Next Agricultural 
ment Bank of Peru, a 


cy, plans to 


year, the Develop 


government agen 
rubber planting, 
This 


colonists to plant rub 
attract 


finance 


probably on a_ ten-year basis 


should encourage 
ber trees and also new settlers 
The Tingo Maria Station now 
200,000 rubber 


as experimental adult tree plantings for 


has about 


trees in nurseries as well 


and multiplication gardens 


latter, 


\ ield tests 
In the 


propagated by 


selected clones, plants 


cuttings, are developed 


Technical Training Program 


the rub 


colonists 


In addition to 
ber 


experiments, 
program personnel train 
methods 
them at 
about Se 
Agricultural 
balance 

distributed 12 
growers and ex 
between 30,000 and 40,000 
60,000 in 1957 Phe 


Ll 
ACKIO“ OF request for 


in cultural and processing 


sold to 
actual 


Rubber 
fifth of 
in U.S 
Bank subsidizing 

Last vear, the 


265 


trees are one 


their cost, of 
with the 
the 


Station 


currency, 


trees to nineteen 


sell 


and 


pects to 
this year 
has a 
250,000 trees 


station 


more than Chere are also 
plantings operated by the 
Bank United States 


ooperative other 


rubber 
Agricultural 


Peruvian ¢ 


other 
and 
services in 
parts of the forest region, including 
Aguaytia, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas, 
ind Iberia 


It took 


Amazon 


Iquitos 


Sixty years 
He Vea 


habitat in 


more than 


jungle rubber, bra 
return to its 


elected Far 


siliensis, to native 


the form of Eastern clones 
Rubber 
Brazil to 


Wickham 


Cey!on 


smuggled from 
1876 by Henry A 
then transferred to 
Brought back to the 
World War II, the 
susceptible to a fungus 
as South American 

North American 
developed a unique tree 
War II that was 
Designated 


seedlings were 
England in 

and 
Amazon 
rubber 


during trees 


became known 
leaf disease 
finally 


World 


disease 


technicians 
during 
resistant to the 


a “three-component” tree, it 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 


THIOKOL CHEMICAL APPOINTS THREE NEW TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVES 


R. J. Ingraham 


mucal ¢ 


rrenton, N. [., 


three 


Thiokol 
has announced the 
| 
| 


orp., 
appomtment of 
technica butyl rubber 
Ernest | 
Akron 


while 


representatives tor 

Push 
and { 
Robert | 
and Midwest 
hi > been 
England are 


been assigned to the 


States area, 


as has 
entral United 


area and R 


the Chicago 
bert |. Ingraham 
appointed t ston and New 
a Mr usk: has 


tire 


will covet 


worked 
manutacturers, in 
Rubhbe T 


various rubber 
cluding Goodrich and 
He obtained a 
at the University of 


wit! 
Mohawk 
B. S. degree in chemistry 


Akron 


work in 


ind has taken 
vduate rubber 


Lea, 


chiet chet t ! Swan 


post 


spe ( 1alize l 
formerly assistant 
Rubber Co., 


plasty 


and 


E. L. Puskas 


R. L. Lea 


Ohio ha 


career in 


Bueyru pert last ten 


years of hi rubber npounding 
special emphasis on lv mid 
extrusion molded good 

Mr. Ingraham, a native of I 
Maine, was graduated 
sity of Maine 
of graduate 


vard He ha 


che mical 


with trial 
and 
rtland 
from the Univer 
taken a number 


MIT and Hat 


employed im the 


and ha 
courses at 
been 

technical and production pliase 


1934. Mr 
employed AS 


of the rubber industry since 


Ingraham was formerly 
rubber compounder and rubber develop 
ment by the Dewey and Almy 
Chemical Co ore recently by the 


Hood Di 


engineer 








Peruvian seedling root 


kaste 


consists of a 
stock, a lar 

Braziliat 
Now, a has been de 
veloped that requires no top-budding. It 
ists of a seedling rootstock, budded 
hybrid FX combining both 


and resi 


rn panel clone and a 
crown 


resistant top-cione, of 


bi-component” tre 


con 
with a clone 


yield tance. Propagation and 


distribution of several of these crosses 
Its advantages 
that 
the 


least a 


has been started recently 


over the three tree are 


the time the 


component 


plant must remain in 


nursery will be reduced by at 
and transportation 


It i 


maintain in the 


year, and production 


also easier to 
field 

rubber pro 
countries, 


will be reduced 


cost 
transplant and 

Phe 
ram in both Peru and 
according to Mr. Allard 
clonal seed that could be planted directly 
into the 


wraiting in the 


ultimate goal of the 
others 


is to produce at 


all budding or 
Phe 


ywroduced by 


field, eliminating 
nursery clonal seed 
would have to be combin 


high 


Wipe TAA 


| 
and disease-resistant 


characteri elected parent trees 


Considerable dy ias already been 
made toy 


‘ hanging 


now 
bi-component 


to establish 


trees, 


and eventually plas breed 


ing gardens to produce certified clonal 


Phe 


development 


seed tation’s cooperative rubber 


project is but one of a 
Latin 


nited ite 


America di 
host 


number in progress in 
rected b } | and 
clude Haiti, the Do 
minical Lepubl Me (,uatamala, 
Honduras N é osta Rica, the 
Canal Zon Bolivia 


and 


ountri¢ 


tador, 


Braz | 


Wells Named Vice-President 


lectric Hose & 
ton, Del., ha 
W. Wells a 
Former! 

Midwestern 
succeeds Kdwin VP 
October 27. Mr. Well 
in 1934 as advertising manage 


later Wa 


Rubber C« 
announced the electio 
vice-pre ident and 
awer ident aim 


of the 


vice-pre 
Division 
Rutan 

yomned | 


transferred to Chie; 


1 


over responsibilities for the cor 


activities in that area. Under ly 


the territory grew from a three 
to one that now en 
He continued as n 
othice hecan the 
was elected y pre 
that division in October 
ing Electric Hose, he ! 
k. F. Houghto I) 
as ady 


Onlipa ‘ 1 Ac! 
mager when tl 
midwestern diy 
ident and 1 


1953 


tlhace Iphua 
ertising 


Goodrich Research Appointments 
B. F. Goodrich Reseat ter, Brecl 


ville, Ohu 


pomiment 
istant cl 


Foundation 





ASME RUBBER AND PLASTICS DIVISION HOLDS ONE-DAY NEW YORK MEETING 


The Rubhe 
Americ: 


juncto 
parent 


two 


on 
paper 100 
rie nibe ! 


¢ ton 


Session He ld 


Business 


busine 


A brief 


4 Cot bined | 


puirie 
f the kxecut 
committer 
man (Kul 
a Announces 


Mining 


ind 


ola 
1957 
tone) tae 


wecutlive 


He i il 
the Rubber 
rmanizatiol 
kx 1) 
Standard 


report ¢ 


Notes Division Meeting Plans 


and a Certificate ot Ay 
society 


tive Committee 


preciation from the 
The first paper at the morning 
on plastics, “The Fundamental Mec! 
of Reinforced Plastics” by J. Ogden Out 
(Vermont University), cor 
with a mathematical analysis 
the fibers 
The author 
show how trie 
the material can 


properties of its 


eSsiotr 


ani 


water, Ir 
cerned itself 
of the and resin 
1 


interaction ot 
in reinforced plastics tater 
that it 
mac roscopi 
he related to 
components 
s| he 
(Hercules Powder), 
New Chlorine-Containing Polyethet 
paper with the 
visualized po 


was possible to 
behavior of 
the various 
paper, by E. W. Cronin 
“Penton—A 
This 


chemist 


second 
covered 
was concerned 
techniques and 
lor 


fabrication 
tential 
being introduced to 


end uses Penton which is now 


industry in the form of 
molding powder 
“Electrical Effects Ace 
Stick-Slip Phenomenon of 
Metals on Plastics and Lubricated 
S. M. Skinner (( Institute ) 
Joseph Gaynor (G-E), 
It covered 


ymmpanying the 
Sliding of 
Sur 
faces” by ase 
ind 
paper presented 


/ 


was the nex 
the electrical 
the stick-slip 
lubrication 


transients which accompany 


phenomenon in boundar 
Che final paper 
was entitled “A 
in Plastics 
Maxwell (Princeton University) 
in plastics 


at the morning s¢ 
Review ot Development 
1955-56” by Bryce 


The 


enginecring 


Engineering 
cur 


rent development 


were discussed with emphasis on the trends 
, 


of the imdustry, material develop 


ments, new processing method 


new 
fundamen 
tals of the application ol pla tu and pr 


fessional activitte 


Papers at Afternoon Session 


rubber got 


lhe 


under way with a paper on “Polymer Prop 


alternoon session on 


erties Involved in Proce Equipment Ds 


ign” by H. | 


Lhe author ce 
basi 


Karam (Dow Chemical) 


cribed the 
data 


apt lieation of 
in practical 


polymer property 


proce design problen 


equipment 


major polymer propert that wer 


ussed included those 


logy, de 


( Sseanor { 


dealing witl 


gradatior ind transtet 


Adamson Unite 


this one 


heat 


ented the next 
“Roll Bendin 


tic ( 


paper, 
Rubber 


lied 
} 


alendes iis paper described 
! 


roll 
its applicati n to 


discu 


hot! 


proce of bending and 


merits ot 
new 


calenders In this cor 


ideration to the ettfect 


nethod 


Was 


given 


upon roll neck bearing 
roll adjusting mechanist 

Mr. Sean 
{ 


cevice 


declared tl the use 
with new equipment enable 
machine, with 


chaser to buy i 


crown compensation, for less mone 
this 


roll crossing 


to provide 


by means of 


cost crown 


would 
ition On 


enders already in the field, it is possible 
add roll bending to units producing 
little 


not the case for 


with ver alteration to the 1 


bor { ilendering 


hilm 


units used 
, 
kor thie 


on rubber, it requires 


chine 
rubber stocks 
calender used 
new rolls and also 
Mr. Seanor stated 

Mr. Seanor’ 


avVCrARE 


relocation of 


paper 


paper on “High Horsepower Banbury Mix 
ng’ by R. N. ¢ (Farrel-Birming 
It was stated that high horsepower 


high 


omes 
ham ) 
referred to as 
utilized through 


mixing (commonly 
can be 


three methods 


mixing ) 
all of 
increased rotor speed, or in- 
the floating 


pressure 
any sequence 


of loading 


one or 


creased pressure on weight 
cylinder 

This method of 
effect 


However, it also has 


omes ob 


Mr. ¢ 


Savings t the 


mixing, 


served, will great 


manutacturer caused 
many problems to the machinery manuta 
the rubber 

These problems are 


already have 


plastics 
insur 


turer as well as and 


producer not 


mountable and many been 


completely or at least partially solved 

Developments in Extrusion of 
Elastomers” by John H. Drew (National 
Rubber Machinery) concluded the 
session on rubber. This 
extrusion 


“Re ent 


alter 


noon paper coy 


ma 


“to! 


ered developments in rubber 
the 
warding and shaping” 
“Mil-X 


Also considered were complete 


chines beyond basic stage of a 
machine through the 
ruder” or milling action machine 
processing 


units including the Goodrich “Rotomill” 


Appointed Development Director 
Dr. Frank P 


f organic research and development 
Chemical Division, Food Ma 
New York, 
been named director of develoy 
FM¢ 
Greenspan's othces 
York City. A 


chemistry ot 


Greenspan, formerly man 


of the Beces 
chinery and Chemical Corp., 
N .Y., ha 

ment of the 
Division. Dr 


located in Ne Ww 


new Organit” (Chemicals 
will be 
recognized 
authority in the hydrogen 


peroxide, peracids and organic peroxides, 


Dr. Greenspan has published 
the field 


actions 


extensively in 

f epoxidation-hydroxylation re 
ind the chemistry of epoxides. D1 
attended City New 
with a B.S. degree 
M.S. de 


Institute, 


(Greenspan College’ in 


York City, graduating 
in 1938. In 1941, he received his 
gree from Brooklyn Polytechni 
Brooklyn, N. Y., and in 1951, he 


chemistry at the 


received 
in organ 
Buffalo, N. Y. He is 
rentl faculty of the | 
Buftal vi he 
rketing. He is a 

in Oil) Chemist 
Society, the In 
Chemical Mar 
and 


cur 
niversit ( 
teaches a course in 
membet oT 
Societ the 
hemical titute 
hnologists, the 
\ssociation 
b 


the Org 


Lord Forms New Division 


Lord Manufacturing Co., E 
has announced the establishment o 
Product the re 
irch and development program started by 
the ompany in the field of ad 
hesives, other polymers. A 
Massachusetts Insti 
tute of Technology for a study on the 
“Fundamentals of Adhesion” ha 


effect tor 


Erie, 


cial Division to continue 
irent ¢ 
ind 


grant at the 


che micals 


resear¢ h 


been it 
years, aS part ot Lord's 
In addition to the re 
Spe 


several 


long range program 


and development program, the 
Product 
rodaucts 


new 


search 


cial Division manufactures sev 


eral adhesives for the bonding of un 
metal, which are mar 
“Chemlok” 
manufacturing fa 
for the 


location 


lastomers to 
the 


1 
researcn 


cured 
keted under 
Se parate 


trade name 


and 


cilities have been established divi 


sion at the parent company 











f if ¥/ 
yt 


- 
por 

— = 

4 — 

Sh ia 0 

and : "a ; 


Na: 


\ 


We} 
a Uy i gti Wath yp We 


josh sarlyiine 
Ms i \y, wy 


“a AR 
> 





a happy, 
successful | 


Weu Your 


from all of us at 




















STATEX-125 ISAF 


(Intermediate Super Abrasion Furnace) 


STATEX-R HAF 


(High Abrasion Furnace) 


STANDARD MICRONEX MPC 


(Medium Processing Channel) 


MICRONEX W-6 EPC 


(Easy Processing Channel) 


STATEX-B FF 


(Fine Furnace) 


STATEX-M FEF 


(Fast Extruding Furnace) 


STATEX-93 HMF 


(High Modulus Furnace) 


FURNEX’ SRF 


(Semi-Reinforcing Furnace) 


COLUMBIAN CARBON COMPANY 


380 Madison Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. 





























NEW RADIATION LABORATORY 
OPENED BY GOODYEAR IN AKRON 


Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 
Akron, Ohio, has announced the opening 
of a new, fully equipped radiation labora 
tory, said to be the first of its kind in 
the rubber industry. The laboratory was 
constructed at a cost of more than $125, 
000, the company states, and is de 





signed to explore and develop rubber 


products that will perform satisfactorily 


in a radiation environment. Radioactive 
cobalt 60, which gives off high energy 
x-rays gamma rays, will be utilized 
in this ot research 

Some ot thie projects contemplated 
are development of radiation-resistant 
airplane tires tor use on atom powered 
uircraft in the future, initiation of chemi 
cal reactions, polymerization and vul 
anization of rubber and improvement 
if physical properties of plastics and 
resins Among the many pe ssibilities in 
this field is vulcanization without the 
iddition of sulfur or other chemicals 

Cobalt 60 was selected as a radiation 
source because with this material the 
radiation field can be made quite effec 
tive over large samples such as auto 
mobile, truck and airplane tires and 
flexibility can be maintained 

The new laboratory is a ground floor 
tructure, 42- by 24-feet. A heavily shield 
ed area, known as the cave”, houses 
the radioactive source and next to it, 
is a well-equipped physics and chemis 
try laboratory, where materials and test 
specimens are prepared and the results 
The top photograph shows a Goodyear research physicist placing radioactive material 
(white disc) in scintillation detector which measures gamma ray spectrum, while lab 
technician at right keeps a check on amount of radioactivity. The bottom photograph shows 
the “hood” in the new laboratory which allows researchers to conduct experiments with 
Gantiiaia. tinned tick anh ie teak i a high degree of safety, A physicist is shown doing an isotopic dilution analysis of a 
three feet thick radioactive material. 

Now ready to use the cobalt 60 
rests in the cave in a concrete and 


aluminum lined well, three-by-six-feet Receive B Reichhold Markets Stock 


4 ‘ 7 t deep, which pro des eno gh 
and 17 feet deep, whi provid nou D1 W. Boggs and pP tock in Reichh 


and products of irradiation experiment 
are evaluated The cave is accessible 
through a labyrinth with four-foot wide 


aisles; the walls are made of reinforced 








water shield for safe operation An , : 
; Rieman, research chemists ; the Gen lite PP 
elevator raises the radioactive ource 1 ' > 
eral Laboratories of the | S. Rubber 
into an aluminum housing atop the well : 
) assau have received the 
for experiments and lowers it for stor > ; 
i \ or thei paper 
age. Direct exposure to the cobalt for : 
) ) : i Friction of Rub 


littie as three to five minutes would her irf 4 hicl 
v ‘ «) f Suriaces , which Was 


ds 

be fatal , a 

‘ . presented at the 70th meeting of the 
Samples to be irradiated can be placed — [)jyision of Rubber Chemi try, A.C. S$ 


in the center of the housing for more  feld at Atlantic ¢ N. J. on Septem 


intense adhation = o1 throughout the ber 19 71, 1956. Dr. Boggs received 
cave are I HOUSING This arrange his primar and secondary schooling in 
ment removes practically all limits on France, although he was born in the 
the size and number of samples that United States He raduated with 
can be subjected to radiation at one time bachelor ind doctorate degrees in | 


serve as an alternative to heat and rior to joinis U. S. Rubber in a taalas SOCK) MM) { 


| | 
tH fa) Ss | 
In chemical proce ing, radiation can ry hemists from Cornell Univer aa F ' £2 0K) 0) 


chemical agents to energize or activate was on the research staf of 
molecules and can increase the speed , bowed Electric Dr “ p 
! many chemical reactions attended the University 


In some cases, it may alter the course scons! where he received 
of a reaction and yield completely new | ( ind doctorate degrees in 
products or open a new field of poly sical chemistry in 1955. He has been 
merization research. One possibility is vorking under Dr. Boggs at U. S. Rub 
the formation of new types of synthets 
rubber. Effects of radiation on latex, rub 
ber cements and adhesives used in the ing use it 


rubber industry are practically unex mistru u its fire and 
plored and offer many avenues of new "\ i an u: according to 


product ( elopment and improvement 





AMBITIOUS PROGRAM FEATURES LAUNCHING OF NEW SOUTHERN RUBBER GROUP: © P. Hall Co. of tins ass south 


ern 

treasurer, obtained his B.S. degree from the 
University of Akron. He served as a chem- 
+ wit! former India Tire & Rubber 


the Mogadore, Ohio, from 1925 to 192% 


he Southern Rubber Group, lat were furnished and a ballot was given to 
local rubber gro i ill those present. The ballots were ca 
placed in sealed envelopes, and subsequen 

ounted by a Tellers Committee, with 5 

‘ ‘ as chief chemist of that company 
Glasgow, Scotland, from 1928 t 


Orlean ‘ jana ults revealed at the banquet later tha 


day, November 16 ane | evening. The results were as follows 
tured official organization Charman, Harmon Connell, Arm y He joined the Firestone organiza 
& Rubber Co,. Natchez. Mis Vice in Akron in the latter year and was 
Bre BF Good transferred to the Memphis, Tenn., plant in 


1939, He as made chief chemist of that 


election of intial oth j re ! Dire 
hairman, Thomas R 
rich (o., Tuscaloosa, Alabama yecretar 
Roger B. Pfau, C. P. Hall Co. of Ilinoi J 
go, Ill.; Treasurer, Eldon H. Rucl 
tone Tire & Rubber Co. Met pl 
Ten rhe new directors are One-Y ear \pproximately 260 members, gues 
Terms, Monroe Mirsky, berson Corp hi vives attended the banqu 
Dallas, Texas, and John 0 Nauga t} \ ng f Friday, November 16, 


uppliers cooperat 


quect ine 
editor 


peak er 


Lerner Gives Banquet Talk 


Chemical Division », Rubber Co whicl as held in the Tulane Room of the 
ratuck, Conn. Two-Year Terms, Rob ung otel H. Boeder (Goodrich-Tus 
W. Rice, Firestone Synthetic Rubbet caloosa) acted as master of ceremonies and 
Lake (Charles, La., and John R a vocation was again given by Mr 
DuPont Elastomers 1 : ( After n excellent roast beef din 


ion, Houston, Texa ner the results of the election were given 


corde 
wuizational meetin 
im the afternoon 
ratuch ( hemical 
chairman After 
(rove (Internation 
coming addre ( Connell, the new chairman, wa ind the new officers and directors were 
nell (Armstrong ti { ‘ reared and educated in Mississippi. He formally introduced 
‘ urnan raduated from Holme Junior College 1 In as talk of acceptance as 
136 and obtained a B.S. from Mi SISSIPPI elected chairman, Mr. Connell thanked the 
tate College in 1939, He joined Arn membership for selecting him. He stressed 


| 


Garvey Addresses Group : 
trong Tire in 1939 where he has worked the need te educational activities on rub- 


this point ince that time with the exception of four ber in the South and promised that the 
years of military service in which he a officers and directors would carefully look 
tained the rank of captain. He is at p t into this matter. He also outlined the ad 


compound manager for the company vantages Offered by the new Southern Rub 


the Sharple ( 
nnusylvania il 


ng im his capacit 
Divisior of Rubbes het { Brown, the vice-chairman, was born het (jroup, and stated that in his opinion 
Ameri Chemical] ie lelivered ; diana in 1923 and obtained hi ' t} nphasis at meetings of the group 
chemical enginee ring trom Purdue | nive | ( le W lh a SOU ial and ] iv | tech 


ity in 1949, after three years in the Air 
orps. He joined the Goodrich organizati ording onnell, it will be the 


addre which he outlined 


\kron in 1949 and is currently purcha um of tl vy group to present 


went at the Tuscaloosa plant tH 0 ms on the compounding, pron 


papers 


group ( 
ileal wile ; \) dalatio Mir. Pfau, secretary, studied engineerit ind application of rubber, rather 
accounting after starting to work pe ot technical papers which are 


the Group e Link-Belt Co. in hicavo in 1933. He atu at meetings of the ACS Rubber 


In the course He , joined the Goodrich organization in 1941, ( He indicated that the group was 


lup whicl ‘ t between tl 


in purchasing department it the ly aware o | geographical problems 
Los Angeles and Miami (Okla it te mut expr dt ope that future 


ma) plants, and has been associate wit et whet hey ; held 


Garvey emphasized t] 
bership in the Ameri 
the Rubber Division 
groups. He diseu 
upplhed by the Divi oO bey { f iy 


including Rubber I / , 4 
i" 


i ‘n ‘ 
nology, the Rubber ii { md the 74 
Division Librar ! onchud \ ' . 

’ 1 4 piel i I 


" Ly 
operation tron oll t ! l cl ‘ 4 . 

thi Rubber \ bon 4 

rlicles 3 ( j \ ee 

irefully compiled by ; i itt h 2 | 
headed b Mi Mirs| ind I ‘ 

were upplied mn id ill le 17 7 “ ‘ 
ol the rubber mdust in the Soutl ‘a 
indicated an interest in the « wizat 

the new group. Acc« nel hes " 


comed 


and midi 


Monroe Mit 


by-law coverme nine 





kollowin 
by-law 
little discussion 
the floor and the 
proved alter one 
amendment hi 


by ( {) David 


Offic ers and Directors Elected 
After the by-l Shown above are the new officers and directors of the Southern Rubber Group 
er e by-law vere prove { . 
1 sl | us ta Seated left to right are Eldon H,. Ruch, treasurer; Thomas R. Brown, 
poser ate Ot otheer ane aire or \ P rman, Hlarmon ( onnell, chairman and Roger P Pfau, secretary standing 
offered by E \\ Niel oodyeal t t to noht are the new directors John R. Galloway, Robert U Rice , John VU 


den), Biographic t all of tl lidate Bolt, and Monroe Mirsky, 








talk, Mr 


as the prin 


Following this 
Le rner 


well-attended 
Boeder introduced Mr 
cipal speaker 

Taking as his subject “This Rubber In 
dustry of Ours,” Mr. Lerner outlined the 
growth which has taken place in the domes 
tic rubber manufacturing industry 
1910, when consumption advanced 
some 40,000 long tons a year to well over 
1,500,000 tons. Referring to the fact that 
the industry now sales of 
$5! billion, he approxi 
mately 40% of this amount, or $2% billion, 


since 
trom 


enjoys annual 


pointe d out that 


was expended annually for materials, ma 


chinery and equipment, and services. He 


then proceeded indicate how much of 


this expenditure went for rubber, carbon 
black, 


ers and plasticizers, 
asphalt, clays and some of the other major 


accelerators and antioxidants, soften 


sulfur, zinc oxide, tale, 
materials utilized 


The speaker then outlined the 
ff the rubber goods manufacturing indus 


position 


try in the national economy, stressing the 


fact that year in and year out it accounts 
for 14% of the gross national product. He 
stated that it holds this position despite the 
materials, both old 


advances of competing 


and new, despite the design changes which 
alfect 


ditions of 


lespite con 
sales of 


entire markets, and 


nature which can send 


products plummeting from 
According to the 
national product, 
at a rate of! $414 billion for 


pected to reach $600 billion by 


some rubber 


time to time speaker, 


the gross now running 
1956, is ex 


1970 


Cites Southern Industry 


In expressing personal satisfaction with 
the organization of the new Southern 


Mr. Lerner pointed out 


fifteen southern states now 


Rubber 


that the 


(sroup, 
include 
165 rubber goods plants and employ some 
32,000 
with 45 plants employing 
10,000 workers in 1936. He 
present plants in 
13% of the total of 
in the United States and employ approxi 
mately 13% of the 
ers The 


about 


production workers, as compared 
approximately 
stated that the 
State 


rubber woods plant $ 


these represent 


total production work 
southern plants, he said, con 
125,000 long tons of 


ber annually and spend some $300 million 


sume new rub 


tor materials, services and capital ex 


penditures 


The speaker then launched into a dis 


ussion of the prospects for the future 


ind stated that, in his opinion, predictions 
made for U. S 


for 1970 and bev 


consumption of rubber 
ond which have been pub 
lished to date were somewhat on the low 
ide Based on population trend past his 
tory, and some of the developments al 
ready on the horizon, Mr. Lerner predicted 
that world ce would pass the 
6,000,000 long ton 

over 8,000,000 lor 
belief that the United 


approximately 


nsumption 
mark b 1975 and be 
2000, 


states 


tons by the vear 
It was hi 
account tor 


onsumption in. these 


would 
period 

In concluding his talk, the speaker made 
that 
rather than 


facing an explod 


clear industry 1s 
an ¢ x panding economy nm 


pre dicted that 


coming generation. He 


ipita consumption of rubber in the 
the pres 
While 


reach 


nited States will increase fror 


? 


20 to approximately 25 pounds 


oreign per capita 1s not exper ted to 


RUBBER AGE. DECEMBER. 1956 





M, E. Lerner 
Ri BBI k IG! shown ad 
Rubber Group 


editor 


outhern 


this century 
ubstantial im 


Two Symposiums Are Held 


which highlighted 
held on Saturday, No 


vermber 17 The 1 ) iese, on “Com 


The two symposiums 


the meeting were 
pound Design,” was | in the 
with M. H. Laatsch (Goodyear-Gadsden ) 


moderator. It consisted of 


Morning, 


seven 
followed by an ex 
Prac 


based on 


whicl were 
wer period 
I were 
ulvance by mail, but 


| andle d 
r thi 


from the 
ymposium 
ubjects were as follows 
McCullough (Amer 
Intiovidants, R. H 
kquif 
hillers 
Latex, 
Plast 
Rem 


heir assigned 
lecelerator R. W 
(yanamid ) ; 

( Monsante ( hemical) ; 
ment Baker (General Tire) ; 
F, WV (Witeo Chemical) ; 

M omick Milligan) : 
P. Hall) 
kmmet (Columbian 
“Elastomes 
held in the 
Samuels (Copolymer 
moderator, Thi 
plus answers 
panelists for 
assigned sub 
ject 
But Rubber 


lome? I 


ernst (Enjay); 
Honn (M. W 
laimed Rubber, 
Rubber-Wayne 

Maye 
emical): Nutr 
(Xvlos Rubber) ; 
ckheld (American 
Butadiene-Styrene 


Natural and Re: 
nel (Da 
iprene and Ilypalon, L. R 

' Ch 


Rubber) ; 
(Phillips Chemical) ; 
ott (Dow 


calibre 
published in 
) 


All of the arrangements at 
organizational meeting { the new South 
ern Rubber Group were exceptionally well 
| indled, and 
sible for these arrangements 
mended. In addition to Me 


onnell, 


the entire commutt pon 


Brown, ( Gallowa 


Mirsky 


1} ; 
trie ! 


Piau, and 


pating im some ot t 
cluded: W. S. Hall (P 
\. |. Hawkins (DuPont 
1), W. Horn (Guiber 
(DuPont Ela 
Whitmore 
(arip) 
\ total of 62 


which made pe ible the cooperative 


suppliers contributed the 
fund 
cktail party. Refreshments were upplied 
ot only before the Frida 


even but the “He pitalit Roon burn 


banquet on 


tioned after the banquet was held. In addi 
tion, several of the usual pitality suite 
open during the entire 


Rubbe I 


were 
Phe uthert 
hold it next meeting 

on kebruar §-9 

in pen tvitation 

rubber 


bership dues 


| ‘ 
industry 
lave been ¢ 
per vear and should be sent 
; 


Ruel 
Ruble Py €A 


Trea ure? c/o hire 


Memplhi 


Penn 


Rheology Group Honors Tobolsky 


Che Bingham Medal 
of Rheology was presente: 
Arthur \ lobolsky, of Princetor 
versity, at the Annual Meetn 
which was held on 
7 to 9 at the Mellon In 
Venna Phe 


Societ 


burg 


Profe 


t¢ 
Mo 
3 | t 

‘ ilitue 


titanit 





PHILADELPHIA HEARS ALLEN; 


HOLDS ANNUAL FALL DANCE 


140) 


nd Phillip 
respecti ely 

Phe Group 
held or yovermber 
tures Goll and ¢ 
Penna vith One 
wuiest in attendance 
charue ol ifratnge 
included: TL W 
bilt), R. B. ¢ 
3 naw (Coo 


(Firestone) | (;,ormal 


Rubber), and R. A. Garrett (Armst 


Cork), Mr. Garrett 
urer of the Philadelphi 
One of the special fe 
was the awarding 
draw prize Von 


erved 


Eaton Retirement Announced 


hu reti ! 
Bridgepor 
tion im L930 


man { 





f 


Y 


Coming Events in the Rubber Industry 


Dec. 21. Chica Rubber Group, Xma 
Party, Morrison Hotel, Chicago, III 


Jan. 8, 1957. Ontario 


( I¢ loronto Cont 


Jan. ‘7 1957. Quebec Rubber & Plast 
Group, Joint Meeting with the Quebe« 
of the Society of Plasti 


section 


Engineer 


Jan. 25, 1957. Akron Rubber Grou 
ymposium, “Physical Testing 
Rubber and Plastic Industries,’ 


n-Mayflower Hotel, Akron 
Jan. 25, 1957. Philadelphia 


Group, Poor Richard Club 
phia, Penna 
Feb. 1, 1957. Detroit Rubber 


Woup Sheraton-Cadillace Ho 


it Mich 


3, 1957. Boston Rubber Group 


Annual Ski Outin Bartlett Ho 


tel, Bartlett, N. H 


Feb. 5, 1957. Los Angeles Rubber Group 


Biltmore Hotel, Los Angele Calif 


Feb. 7, 199i. rt Wayne Rubber 
Plastic (are up, Van Orman Hotel 
Fort Wayne id 


Feb. 8-9, 1957. 
Dalla lexa 


Feb. 15, 1957. Chic 
Furniture Mart, Chicago, Il 


Feb. 21, 1957. Quebe Rubber 
Plastics Group, Ladi N 


5S, 3967. Los 
Group, Biltmore Ho 
Calit 


Mar. 12, 1957. Ontario Rubber 


Cl Kitchener Ont 


Mar. 15, 1957. Chicago Rubber Group 
Furniture Mart Chicago, Il 


M:r. 18-21, 1957. Society of the Plastics 


Industry Annual National Conte! 
los Angeles-Biltmore Hotel 
| Angeles, Calif 


Mar. 22, 1957. New York Rubber G 
Henry Hudson Hotel, New Ye 
N. ¥ 


Apr. 5, 1957. Akron Rubber Grou 
Sprin Meeting, Sheraton-Mayflowe: 
Hotel, Akron, Ohio 


Apr. 9, 1957. Ontari: 


oF loronto, Ont 


Rubber Group 


Apr. 11, 1957. Fort Wavne Rubber & 
Plastics Group, Van Orman Hote 


| t Wayne Ind 


XY 


Rubber (group 


Southern Rubber Group 


avo Rubber Group 


Apr. 12, 1957. Detroit Rubber & Plas 
tie Group, Sheraton-Cadillac Hotel, 


Detroit, Micl 


Apr. 18, 1957. Quebec Kubber & Plasti 


Group 


Apr. 26, 1957. Chicago Rubber Group 
Furniture Mart, Chicago, III 


May 10, 1957. Ontario Rubber Grou; 


Cl Niagara Falls, Ont 


May 15-17, 1957. Division of Rubber 
Chemistry, A.C.S., Joint Meeting wit 
yber Chemistry Division of C.L.( 
Sheraton-Mount Royal Hotel, Mo 


treal, Que Canada 


June 7-9, 1957. Ilo Angeles Rubbet 
Group, Summer Outing, Sahara Hotel, 
lLas Ve as Ne vada 


June 7, 1957. kort Wayne Rubber & 
Plastics Group, Summer Outing, Lake 


| ppecal ( Lee sburg, Ind 


June 20, 1957. Quebec Rubber & Pla 


tics Group, Golf Tournament 


June 21, 1957. Akron Rubber G,oup, 
Summer QOuting, Firestone Country 
Club, Akron, Ohio 


June 28, 1957. Detroit Rubber & Pla 
1! Group 

Sept. 11-13, 1957. Division of Rubber 
Chemistry a eee Fall Meeting 
Hotel Commodore, New York, N. Y 


Sept. 26, 1957. Fort Wayne Rubber & 
Plastics Group, Van Orman Hotel, 
Fort Wayne Ind 


Oct. 4, 1957. Detroit Rubber & Plastics 
Group, Sheraton-Cadillac Hotel, De 


troit, Mich 


Oct. 4, 1957. New York Rubber Group, 
Henry Hudson Hotel, New Yorl 
N. ¥ 


K, 


Oct. 25, 1957. Akron Rubber Group, 
Fall Meeting, Sheraton-Mayflower 
Hotel, Akron, Ohio 


Dec. 5, 1957. Fort Wayne Rubber & 
Plastics Group, Van Orman Hotel, 


Fort Wayne Ind 


Dec. 6, 1957. Detroit Rubber & Plastics 
Group, Xmas Party, Sheraton-Cadillac 


Hotel, Detroit, Mich 


Dec. 13, 1957. New York Rubber Group, 
Henry Hudson Hotel, New York 
N. \ 


May 14-16, 1958. Division of Rubber 
(hemiustry, 5 oe. Spring Meeting 
Netherlands Plaza Hotel, Cincinnat 


()] 


3 








IR! PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE 
ISSUES NEW LITERATURE LIST 


he Papers and Publications ( 
Institution of the Rubber 
in conformance with a program 
the literature and educational fa 


has 


f publications whicl 


( the 
to improve 
ilities 
released the 


the rubber industry, 


lowing list 
or soon will become availab 
following monograpl | 


*h 


Design” 


Buist 
ilenders for 


monograp 


“Reinforcement of Rubbers” 


COps Rubber” 


ir Manuals soon to 
Research Association 
Manufacturer 


ore widely 


Rul 
ill = be 


W 
the \ 


and 
available 
n’s usual publication 
ctical ¢ 


Ondauctive 


ompounding” 
Rubber, Its P1 
and Test Methods 
‘Ebonite It Nature, P 


ations 
pe rte 
pounding’ 


‘Analysi Rubber Rubber-like 

Polymers” 
Textbooks for 

being prepared by the staff 

tional College of Rubber Technology 
“Textbook on Rubber Technology” 


] 
al principle ind 


student 


manulacturing me 


Volume | overs the standard of 


icentiate 


ip examination of the I. R. 
Volume II, treats the A sociateshif 
British Rubber 
ciation, Welwyt 
ntly preparing 
lexthook on Rubber 
Rubber 
whicl 


ha greed te edit, 


“Textbook or 


1 
yected we 


y authorities in tl 
both at idemi ind 
I R ibber 
headings are planned 
Rubber 
| 


Hing: he il 


Synthet 
Compourn 
anization; | 


\7..1 
Vv ul ticit ane 


Propertic 
he ibbe t 
\ public 


} } 
ed 


Caffier Joins Barrett Division 
ger E. ( 


resentative in 
ithern Ma 
announced by the 


ical & 


ippomits 


ap] ainer a 


Rhode 
sachusetts has 
Barrett Division of 


Dvye 


ind S« 


Corp., New 


Wiegand Awarded Colwyn Medal 


surface 
by] if k pe 


| rticl 

irbons; ele 

irbons and 
inftorcement 
pon particle 

t of turnace 

black 
, and the 


] 
Cle con 


and 


monstrated in 
and the 


‘ medal Will 


che 

rubber 
" 

atic 


at a date 


Pirelli Memorial Established 
| f Pirelli 


late 


airman 
reli qui | 
il I; 
Dubini 

1 


ident 


RUBBER AGE 


Use the coupon 


Another copy of 
needed in your office? 
on page 577. 


MEXICAN GOVERNMENT PLANS 
THREE-YEAR RUBBER PROGRAM 


Mexi in 
a three-year 


] 
climate 


if $32,000,000 


unproces 


ment believe 


expert 


meet all its industrial 


natural rubbe 


imported 


eT 





Names in the News 


Ernest 
president if 
Ibra ( 


electec 


Mueller 
ha heer 


i director of 


j 
} 


William F. Sullivan, former! 
uperimendent in the Akron tire 


the LB. J 


taff of Industria Col 


Goodrich Co., ha 
mbiana d 
associate Internation 


Color 


pl nt of the 


i 


Goodrich Co, at Bogota, 


Carroll P. Krupp, former! 
ot new product cle 
Goodrich Industrial Products ¢ 


elopment in 


named manager of 
the Aviation 
B. F 


product dey 
Products Divi 


(,oo0dri h Co 


Howard C, Rapp, lor many yeat 
filiated Be Iden Manufact 
Co, at Indiana, ha 


Redw 


with the 
Richmond 
sequoia Pros ‘ in 


Calif,, 


joined 


William F. Lang, formerly sales man 
Rubber Products ¢ 
has been appointed sales manager 
Sponge Rubber Di Ameri 
Biltrite Rubber Ce 


wer tor the Sponge 


Col. James E 
moted to chief, 
the new 


Baker has 
Purchasing Division 
Militar ( 
Agen 
Depot 


been pro 


single 
Dextile 


Manage 
ing and Supply 


Philadelphia Quartermaster 


F, John Pichard, formerly New Yor! 
district sale 
moted to 


engineer, has been pro 
manager of standard equip 
Wheelabrator ( rp 


ment sales for the 


Mishawaka, Ind 


Neal J. Kemp, Jr., hoistin 
district 

the past 
Midwestern regional sales 
Yale Material Handling 

& Towne Manufacturing Co., Ph 
phia 


equipmert 


sales manayver in Detroit for 


four year has been named 
manager tor 
Division, Yale 
ladel 


Penna 


C. R. Creasy, who 


a Goodyear outlet in Brooklyn, has been 


formerly handled 


appointed retail operations manager of 


division, with head 


York City 


the Eastern ales 


quarters in New 


Paul P. Foley has 
assistant general traft 
frey L. Cabot, Inc., Bo 


he en promote ad 
manager of 


ton, Ma 


Dean F. Braun, formerly on the Chi 
staff oft 
Chemical 
named to take 
opened company 
Minneapolis, Minn 


cago sales Pennsylvania In 


dustrial Corp., has beet 


charge of a recently 


sales residency in 


§20 


Milton C. Sapinsley, founder and now 
vice-chairman of the Crescent Co., has 
been elected chairman of Lowell Insu 


lated Wire ( Orp., Lowel, Mass 


Edward T. King, previously in charg: 
of manufacturing, has been appointed di 
Purchasing 


Product 


purchase s of the 
Clevite Harris 
Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 


rector of 
Department, 


James G. Couch has been named man 
ager of the Engineering Section of the 
Production Department of U. S. Indus 
trial Chemicals Co., New York, N. Y 
Frank Spitaleri, who has been in the 
perfume and 
4) years, 
facturing perfume chemists, Woodside, 


Lae Bg Se 


essential oil industry for 


has joined Perry Bros., manu 


Robert G. Reed, formerly 


National Research Corp., has been 


associated 
with 
appointed business manager of the Re 
search Division of Escambia Bay Chem 
ical Corp 


Louis W. Jander, former general sale 
manager of the Henry 
of H. K. Porter Co., Ine 
pointed eastern regional 
of Yale Materials 
Yale & Towne 


idelphia, Penna 


Disston Division 
has been ap 
sales 


Handling 


Manufacturing Co., 


manage! 
Division, 


Phil 


Leonard Seglin, previously supervisor 
of processing engineering for the 
FMC Chemical 


has been named manager of engineering 


com 


bined Divisions group, 


development of the new Organic Chemi 
Food 
New 


Machinery and 


York City 


cal Division, 
Chemical Corp., in 


Donald W. Moorhead, 
tional sales manager of the 
Products Division, Wooster 
appointed sales 
the Furniture 


formerly na 
Commercial 
Rubber Ce 
has been manager of 
Upholstery Division of 


Landers Corp., Toledo, Ohio 


Harry G. Knechtel, previously 


ager of hose sales and development, has 


man 


been appointed manager of sales opera 
tions of the Hewitt Rubber 
Hewitt-Robins, Inc He 
Charles W. Mackett, 


next 


Division, 
Succes ds 
who will retire 


year 


John J. O’Connell has been appointed 
marketing vice-president of Amoco 
Chicago, IIL, which 
before the end of the 
consolidation of three 
Standard Oil Co 


Chemicals Corp., 
formed 


through 


will be 
year 
chemical affiliates of 


(Indiana) 


George H. Favorite has been named 
purchasing agent of the International 
Packing Corp., Concord, N. H 


q. 


William K. Wilder has been appointed 
assistant to the vice-president of Good 
year’s Textile Mills Division 

John A. Meima, formerly technical 
service representative in the New Jersey- 
Pennsylvania area, has been promoted to 
the newly-created post of technical serv 
Foundry Depart 
Division, Borden 


ice manager for the 
ment of the Chemical 
Co 


James A. Forrest, previously asso 
Iselin-Jefferson Co., has 


ciated with the 
been named a senior sales representative 
for the Michigan Alkali Division of 
W yandotte Corp., 
New 


Chemicals covering 


outstat Y ork 
formerly 
Sengmaster and 


Fred Miller, 


agent 


assistant pul 
chasing with 
Breyer, has been named to the sales and 
engineering staff of the Automotive 
Rubber Co., Inc 


Parker B. Smith, previously vice-presi 
Chemical Divi 
has been named 


dential assistant in the 
ion of the Borden Co., 
veneral manager of the Division’s Inte 
national Department 

Robert E. Haverman has been pro 
moted from assistant manager to man 
ager of Government Sales for the Good 


year Tire and Rubber Co 


Lee O. Witzenburg, formerly genera! 
sales manager of the Cleveland Worm & 
affiliate, the 
has been appointed vice-president 


Gear Co. and its Farval 
Corp., 
in charge of sales for both firms 
William F. Wrightnour has been 
named operations manager for the Tire 
Division of U. S. Rubber Co., 
ine business controls, field engineering 


supervis 


and service, othce management, sales 


production, coordination and training 


W. F. Billingsley, former manager of 


tire construction and design, has been 


named technical director of B. F. Good 


rich succeeding Harold Gray, 


who is on special assignment 


lire Co., 


sales 


Corp., 


Frank T. Downs, previously 
manager for Houdaille-Hershey 
Detroit, Mich., has been appointed sales 
manager for the Industrial Products 
Division of the General Tire and Rubber 


Co 


Roger S. Firestone, president of the 
Plastics Co., Pottstown, Penna., 
has been elected president of United Cere 
bral Palsy, Inc 


lirestone 


Richard D. Boutros has been ad 
vanced from chief engineer to vice 
president and director of engineering at 
the Mixing Equipment Co., Inc., Ro 
chester, N. ¥ 


Albert Schrage, previously associated 
with the Hudson Foam Plastics Corp., 
has joined the Product Development 
Department of the Chemical Division 
of Celanese Corp. of America 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 





U.S. RUBBER OPENS EXHIBIT; 
RECORD EXPANSION PLANNED 


S. Rubber Co, plans to invest a reco 
$40,000,000 for and 


next year, 


of about expansion 
compared with 
and $35,500,000 


president, 


modernization 
about $31,000,000 this vear 
in 1955, H. E. Humphreys Jr., 
announced on November 26 at a preview ot 
the company’s new exhibit hall in Rocke 


New y ork 


Humphreys said next year’s invest 


feller Center in 
Mi 
ment will bring capital expenditures by the 
company over a 10-year period to $260, 
000,000. Mr 
ord rubber 
in 1957, and 
000 by 1960 
$5,500,000,000, almost identical to 1955. The 
to the public De 
2.000, 


Humphreys also forecast re« 
sales of $6,000,000,000 
an annual rate of $7,000,000, 


He said 1956 sales will be about 


industry 


exhibit was opened 
cember 1 and is ex pected to attract 
OOO 

“At this exhibit the public 
fruits of rapidly expanding 
program and the promise of better living 
al * 1948 have in 
vested than in all the 
years before that, back to our incorporation 
in 1892. In that eight-year period we have 
brought out 24 new products or new prod 
which has reached a sale 
level of a dollars or 
or is expected to in 1957. These new prod 
over 100 million dollars 
that 


visitors a year 
thie 


researcl 


will see 
our 


} 


read,” he said. “Since we 


more in research 


uct lines each ot 


million more a year 
ucts will contribute 
sales in 1956 and we 
double by 1960 

new products are Vibrin 
building 
automobile crash pads of polyurethane syn 
Breathable Nau 
materials, our patented 
called Trilok, a new 
drives—a_ rubber belt 
the belt, and 


in homes, « 


to our estimate 
figure will 


“Among 


panels tor 


these 


plastic use in home 


thet rubber, elastic and 
gahyde upholstery 
3-dimensional fabric 
concept in 
teeth 


many plasti 


pow er 


with known as timing 


items tor use ars, 


ind industry 


“To conserve cash for our increasing 


capital expenditures, we again this year 


hall 


in the 


dividend of 2 
stock 


offering ot 


per cent 
We have 
also been considering an addi 
tional But we have now decided 
to defer such action until a more appropri 
That will probably be some time 


Mr. Hum 


pay an extra 


form of common 
securities 


ate time 


next year or the year after,” 


phreys declared 


Notes Expansion Projects 


Among next year’s expansion project 


are the completion of the company’s re 
earch center in New Jersey, a new plastics 
Baton Rouge, La., 


synthetic rubber at 


rik reased ca 
Naugatuck, 
warehouse for the Canadian 
modernization of the British 
Lastex yarn plant in 


plant in 
pacity tor 
Conn., a laree 
subsidiary, a 
subsidiary and new 
England and 


“Rubber consumption by the industry is 


Mr. Humphreys 


France 


lower this year than last,” 
added. “This year’s total usage will come 
to about 1,435,000 long tons. That will be 
cent lower than the record-breaking 
consumption of 1,530,000 long tons in 1955 
Consumption next year will be about 1,500, 
000 tons. Thus the industry will have re« 
ord-breaking with 
tion that is below the 1955 record 

“A partial explanation of this situation 

that the trend 


6 per 


sales rubber consump 


industry is following a 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 


H. | 
Rubber Co. are sho 


the 


Hlumphreys Jy 


rubber compan new exhilit hall 


exhiint pomt 


material classi 
The in 


nsumption of le 
dollar of 


to consume 


rubber per sales 


is beginning significant 


amounts of newly discovered elastic mate 


silicones 
thu 


rials (pol Ti polyvinyls, 


ind polyisobut ) 


which have not 


far rubber types in the 


tall 

for 
1956 
labor 
will be 
will 


general price level 
slightly in 


and 


increased 

raw material 
het prices, which 
rhout all of next year, 


e expect d increase in dollar 


synthetic 
has 
probably 


itto | Oot 


umption 


rubber natural rubber, which been 
recent year will 
being at the 
ynthetic to 38 


ynthetic rub 


incre 


continu the time present 


out 62 per cent 
Prices for 
table no marked 
for 1957 
midst of a 


rubber 


itural 
f heen change, 


up of down 1 roreseen 


‘The industry is in the major 
capacity 


rubber 


expansion of ithetu 
when the 
from 


yntheti 
the 
production ¢a 
from about 1,150,000 
to 1,400,000 lone ton 
kexpan 


Since A il 19 
transferred govern 
industry, 


ised 


per yea! 


private 

inere 
in increase of 22 per cent 
ion program now under way will probabls 
1 of 1957. They 
1) per cent to capacity, reach 
1,680,000 ton 

increased Capacity 
will he 


e rapidly growing demand for our 


he completed by the en will 
, 
oTner 
otal ot! 
lor syn 
rubber used to 


theti production 


meet tl 
particularly in 
Italy. The 
ell 250,000 
rubber abroad and the 
reach 300,000 tons in 
160,000 tons shipped 


ynthets rubber overseas 


| ngland, ¢ 


industt in 


serman France and 
1956 
nthetic 


will probabl 


will about 


ton ‘ 


npared witl 
in 19 
estimated passenger car and truck 
will 100 million units 
compared 98 
esti 


total ibout 
timated 
This 


estimates by 


with an ¢ 
unit for all of 1956 


reflects 


million 


mated increase in part 


auto industry leader that car production 


president (center) and the | 
on inspecting the phantom car at a preview of 
alt 
up diversification of 


ompnutles 
the 

enter m Nev 
product 


reculive ( 
Rockefeller ¢ 


the company 


mewhere between 6 


will be 
lon units next year 
“In addition, 
will be 1 to 1% per 
uld total 


tire 


replacement 
tire il 
ind he 


Prucl 


unit 
the 


ibout 
re plinc ement 
htly 


timate 


ul or slig lower than the & million 


unt we ¢ will be produced thi 


cal 


‘An 


will al hoost 


bile production 


sutton | 


Werease 
the ile of the i other 
mito 


rubbe I 


industry whic 
new Among 
ila ind 
ol a wre 


interior 


rubber product 


these are foan 


oated other fabri tor uy 


f 
i 
h 


wing number 1 plasti 


ind nu rub 


ket 


items lor trim 


ber products for seals, ga and 


mounting In addition, w 
rrowing adoption of 
rubber product the aw 
be used on a small se; 
195% we 


product 


the used 
ale 
follow \ \ I ely 
American industry. In 


Federal Reserve 


ince 4 


helieve 
rubber 
the 


industry’ 
ilwa 
wtivit ol 


that the 


over-all 
view of lorecast 
Board 


or ) pont next year, 


index of production will ady 


uch product 
trial hose, conveyor belt ul 


hould 


indu 


belt enjoy a comparable 


Upward Trend Seen 


r other major emine 
difficult 


Howe ver 


other seg 


it | 
any ole 
these ment 
ind accounts mainly f 
industry’ ale 

of 19 


ar production hi l 


trend 3 
and to contribute in a 


of 6 billion dol 


continue 
A to our estimate 
ale by the 


fubber’ new 


industry for 1957 
exhibit it Rocke 
live 


and a pl 


(enter teatures rubber tree 


| 
house 


i three-room antom 
Rubber 
ibit hall to 
5,000 product 
Li play 


lramatize 


mobile compan omicial 


point up the vi 


play in present-day 


changed with the se 
the diversity 


wicte 





thie comp 


in pr 


rubber, plastics, t 


exhibit 3 
ing only 


‘ 


open 


m Mond 


Outstanding 


“phantom 


with bods 


produc { 


automotty 


new three 


a new ft 
rubber re 
\ thre 


bedroon 


Hlouse B 


product 
architect 
compan 
Near] 
tribe 
lighting 
d wi 
hibit | 
exhibit 
Phire 
more } 
perinanet 


vorl 


if} 


\ mercl 


100 


pert 


Cat 

ectiot 
made b 
e industs 


dimen 


pe of sea 


placing « 
| 
‘ rin 
nd di 
auliful Mage 
ol rubber 


and «le 


or iro 
two 
9,747 
tet 


tappu 
ntheti 


indi 


discussion t} 


nance ind hon Hiecriny 


will be 


( levelane 


Plant M 


chedul: 


largest i 


ible hall 
from vir 


industria 


eld at tl 
L Ohi 


inter 


d for 


1 il 
in 
tuall 


1 fir 


Maintenance 


midustry 


ihitin 


will 


comp ny imdustrve 


itt ! ihbber productior 


vill ha 
heme 

Mainten 
Profit” 


obtained 


COM Pan 
operation 
ever sim 


companys 


by Pierre 


COMpany 


meeting 


| 
ce 


1, 1929 and | 
perfect safety 
\ e presentation 

» du I’ rit ird ecre 
ind a member of the be 


of the entire Elastomer 


atory statt 


Celebrates 35th Anniversary 


Seiberling Rubber Co. of Barberton, 
Ohio, marked its 35th anniversary on No 
vember 15 with a special dinner sponsored 
by the company’s 25-Year Club at the Bar 
herton Masonic Temple. More than 250 at 
tended, including some of the first em- 
ployees of the firm and company officer 
At the celebration thirteen employees, wh« 
oimed the company during November and 
December of 1921, were presented with the 
company’s first 35-year service award, 
ilver 35-year plate Each of the thrrteen 
employees is also to receive an extra, weel 
vacation during the anniversary year. | 

ided in this group were Alfred S. Bachtel 
nd Arthur A, Leedy, new products depart 
ment, Willard Seiberling, company secre 
tary; Marcus | 


erling Rubber Co, of Canada 


Brown, president of 


Rk, Gibson, manage f purchasing 


yst ar 
25-Year 
{ 


founding group were also recognized 


Clayton Jones, manager ol 


Living member ol the 


line I 


English Neoprene Plant 
DuPont Ltd., London, England, ha 


unced that it has taken options on a 38] 
re tract near Londonderry, North Ire 
nd, as the prospective site for a neoprene 
Che site is located four mule 
1f Londonderry and 55 miles 
of Belfast Two waterwa 
property, the river Foyl 
the river kaughn on the 
n of the acreage 
down airdrome, a mil 
World War I] Phe compan) 
tart of plant construction in ¢ 
was contemplated, assuming succe 
ompletion of engineering and econot 
now under way. The establi 
the DuPont Co. was announced last 
April. It has been providing herbicides of 


British manufacture for the British market 


Establishes Mew Research Unit 


Chemical Division of the Borden Co., 
New Y ork, N . @ has establis! ed a 
Forest Products Research Group in a 
long range program to expand its ac 

forest products and develoy 
resin and polymer products adapted to 


Though the Forest 


new applications 
Products Group will become a part 

the Central Research Laboratory 1 
Philadelphia, the new unit’s program 
will extend the Division’s present re 
search program. Borden will consider 
requests from industry for 


search olicit cooperative work and 


pecinic re 


undertake projects designed to imecrease 
the compan manufacturing and mat 
keting potential. Dr. George Kitazawa, 
former research physicist for the Gillette 
Co., has been appointed to head the 
new Forest Products Research Group 
The decisio1 to expand the research 
resulted 


from the fact that rapidly dwindling 


program, the company states, 


tot 


virgin timber stands necessitate even 
greater utilization of the whole tree into 
marketable end products of improved 
quality 
Phillips Chemical Appointments 

The Plastics Sales Division of Phillip 
Chemical Ce Bartlesville, Okla., has ar 
unced several new appointments. W. I 
Fawcett and D. iE. Setter have been named 
ale vice and development engineers un 
anager M. W. Davidson. P. J 
been named manager of the sale 
tory branch Assisting Mr 
group leaders will be P. | 

iluation; Robert Doyle, 


‘ 


ott, molding 
1 is director and sales managet 
Division. Walter R. ¢ 


manager and R 


he | 


\ 









































U, S$. Rubber Promotes Pennington Acquires Chemical Process Hall Joins Georgia Marble 


Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago, 
ll, has acquired world-wide exclusive 
rights to a new chemical manufacturing 
process for use in a plant that will be 
built he Midwest. The new plant 
will have a capacity of about 60,000,000 
pounds annually and will make phthalx 
anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic 
acid, dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl 
isopl thalate, and benzoic at id. It will be 
built and operated by Amoco Chemicals 
Corp., a Standard Oil affiliate. Standard 
Oil acquired an interest in the new hy 
drocarbor oxidation process mn 1955 
\fter i ear of research and scientific 
development resulting in significant 1m 
provement i! ption for world rights 
to the process hi been exercised and a 
plant has been planned for 1 use. The 
exact s plant, which probably 
will « in eX $10,000,000," still 


will be in 


C. W. Pennington , hae . — aL may ae wer 


\ intments have been an 
nounced \ Rubber Co., New York, 3 ah al 
NY YC Wit viii’ Yate” Seiie Bellanca Aircraft Division Sold 


named as ant general manager of tl According to current ports, dney 
Footwear and General Products Division Albert | finat built the was former! 
Louis J. Healey succeeds Mr. Pennington — Pellan sn Aetna bl rporate leveland 

general ales manager of « ! f Ini \lhias 
and Arnold H. Finnert It has been and lab 
to succeed Mr. Heale Aircraft Di rece 


branch sales. Gregg T. Ward , heen sold 


ipparentl 


imed assistant t tne ger 


responsible for advertising, sale ‘ 000. Included 
publicity and special assignment mT re bot ash and 
ve Tt Albany, N \ Mr Penn 


umn 
tarted with U. S 


e sale it i wit ts | Albert & 


Son D 1¢ in ré pl other con 


Rubber in 1926 


I 
| 
a stock clerk in the Portland, Ore 


branch. He has served since then dis tested interest al Jovember, the 
trict sales manager of the Seattle | ! Securiti nmuission re 
Francisco branches, sales manage vealed dings « Albert & Son 
Pacific Coast divi ion, Manager ot ins in Bell ad ropt 4710 shares 

ited fabric sales in the midwest xen \t 


ne muillior 
} 


andise sales manager responsible 
f all products sold through retail 
ince July 1954, he has been gen LABOR NOTES 
manager of consumers’ product 


Rubber’s Footwear and General 


inst 
Division 
Healey joined U. S. Rubber in 1939 
is had several promotions in the firm 
1954, he became manager of branch 
Starting with | S. Rubber in 1937, 
innern has worked on 
He hecame aSSI1S ' 
nation-wide branch sales o1 nor bsen muiit ! NOP MOR 
ranization of the Footwear and General 
Products Division in 1954. Mr. Ward hi 
been with U. S. Rubber since January 192 
tarting as a sales clerk in San Francise 
ill He has been a istant general 1 n 


Footw apr General Product ape nantes issues Membership Booklet 
‘> , Rubber 
Dayton Heavy Duty Trailer Tire rogr: he wa 
Dayton Rubber Co., Dayton, Ohio, rei will total foc an i xt May 


announced the development o vv ‘ Oat 0 October 


pect 
’ yooklet 
er and longer lasting, im member 
re for mobile homes that will s: y Whe nt ru to November |] ecutive 


arr’ heavier loads Available 1 member 

tubeless and tube-typé, the maxi interest 

load carrying capacity of this tire ha Take issue with something in this Secretary-Treasuret yew Y¥ 

been increased an additional 140 to 210 edition? Write a letter to the editor! Group, « Russer Ace, 101 V 
ids per tire depending on size (See page 402). New York I, } 


Yor} Y. Y 


AGE 





SEVENTH CANADIAN HIGH POLYMER FORUM HELD ON NOVEMBER 8 AND 9 


\ number were pre 
ented at the High 
Volymer Forum which was | m No 
vernber & ar th dwood Inn in 
voted 


of interesting pape! 


Sevent! (Canadian 


irmia, Ont, { 

all aspect 
ponsored b 
(Canada and the earch Council 
of Canada H. Le 


(Polymer) dz chairmat 


verne William 


i 


In addition technical se 1ons, he 


featured to of the 


horum petrochemical 


industry w \ banquet 
Wa held an ember 
& This wa “ vy the Forum Lec 


Professor J. | 


Holl ind, who 


ture, delivere Hermans 

f the University of Leiden 
Probability in 

Life 

paper 

Solution 


poke on Science and 
| \ day 

In a Natural 
Rubber Small 
Rate ol hear hb t olub of 
the Research (enter (,oodrich Co., 


Brecksville 


viscosil ol benzene 


Ohio, the shear dependence of 
olutions Oo! natural 
from about 


tudied at rate 


rubber, varying in concentration 
0.0 to 0.495 dil., wa 
OO down to le 
l sec,”’ Viscosity measurements over the 


range 100-500 se¢ 
the 5-bulb vis 


hear from about than 


were carried out with 


ometer and were extended 
rradient 


to Morawetz 


down to the extremely low range 


by means of a procedure duc 


his involved 


ure head 


ollowing the change of pre 
with time of a liquid flowing in 


i U-tube viscometer having a_ horizontal 
capillary \ cathetometer was employed 

» observe ihe mesisei and this permitted 
nucecurate measurement ol mall pressure 


he ad 


Non-Newtonian Flow Indicated 


According to this method, curvature in 
the plot of the logarithm of the pressure 
Newton 


data 


us time indicates a non 


ratine 


head vel 
ian flow uch curve viscosity 
over the of about i 170 se 


(corresponding to pressure he; of about 
> to 50 


readily 


tube cometer ) 


Plot of these 


mm in the { 


were derived data 
and those 


eler overlapped those 


obtamed trom the bulb viscom 
obtained from. still 
another U-tube viscometer covering the 
entire range 1-500 sec.’ The viscosity 


was seen to increase very sharply on de 


crease in rate ot hear, uch that extrapo 


lation to the iscosity axis was quite un 
reliable However a the 
deduced by | Bueche to 


non-Newtonian 


oretical relation 
account for the 
high 
found to fit surprisingly 


data obtained by the 


behavior of poly 
mer solutions wa 
well the composite 
several viscometet 

In previou over the shear range 
of about 100 


very sati 


worl 
20,000 sec.’, the viscosity data 
represented by the 


were factorily 


Bueche formula. The present work has 
thus provided experimental confirmation of 
formula 


More 


a nice technique tor 


the essential correctness of thi 


down to extremely small gradient 


over, it has provided 
determining the zero shear viscosity 
(no) without having to perform an uncer 
tain extrapolation. This requires evaluat 
ing the parameters of the Bueche 


satished the 


formula 


which best experimental data 


524 


over a fairly wide range of shear rates, 
from which mo may then be immediately 


caleulated 

4. Harrison, K 
Sivertz of the University of 
London, Ont., 
“Measurements on 
with 
studies, 


Strickland and ¢ 
Vestern On 
their pa 


taro, Canada, in 


the Change of 
Molecular 


polymer Ss ol 


per on 
Transfer Constant 
stated that in their 
tyrene and butadiene 


Size” 
were prepared of 
molecular weights up to a number average 
700 by the iddi 
tion of varying butyl mere: 

tan Analysis kp a 
a function of molecular weight and showed 


weight of approximately 
amounts ol 
yielded a ratio of ke 


a sharp drop in this ratio for the first addi 
tion product. Values of kre and ky 
also determined in rate experiments 
with these 


were 
which 
agreement conclu 


good 


show 


SION 


Graft Polymer Identification 


Another presented at the Forum 
was “The 
Graft Polymers” by 
McLeod of the Research and Dev 
Division, Polymer Corp., Ltd., Sarnia, 
Ont., The stated that 


graft copolymers of 


paper 
Preparation Identification of 
N. Nikolov and L. A 


elopment 


Canada authors 


various compositions 


were ozonizing polybuta 


prepared, On 


latices polymerization initiating 


species presumably peroxidic groups 
which in a subsequent step gave rise to the 
formation of graft side chains, were intro 
duced along the polymeric “backbone” 
Surtace were 


butadiene-methyl 


active fractions isolated 
methacrylate and 
butadiene/acrylamide wratt 


Used as the sole emulsifier, these products 


from 
copolymer S 


supported the polymerization of styrene 


Butadiene-acrylonitrile graft copolymers 
ranging from 80/20 to 60/40 could not be 
compounded and cured while blends of the 
two homopolymers in the same ratios, 
however difficult, 


This may be explained on the basis 


were successiully pro 
essed 
of extended branching of the polybutadiene 
during the ozonization step, an assumption 
viscosity measurements 


extractions and IR 


supported by 
Dimethyl 


analyses 


formamide 


lend further support to this con 


clusion. It was shown that homopolymer 
formation occurs in the aqueous phase ot 
that this 


suppressed 


the system but process can be 


successfully 

lodine monochloride titration of graft 
polymer solutions as well as solution poly 
styrene initiated with poly 
latices 


evidence for the for 


merization of 


butadiene obtained from ozonized 


provide additional 


mation of polymeric peroxides as_ sites 


for side-chain growth, the authors de 


clared 


Speaks of Diradicals 


“Diradicals in Polymerization Reactions” 
by K. FE Department of 
Chemistry, Queen’s 
Ont., Canada, was 
presented at the Forum. Mr 
clared that the production of 
mer in the uncatalyzed thermal polymeriza 
styrene 


Russell of the 
University, Kingston, 
another of the papers 
Russell de 
high poly 
tion of vinyl monomers such as 
has long been thought to involve diradical 


intermediates. The diradicals were thought 


to grow in two directions with essentially 
the same reactivity as mono-radicals. How- 
ever, Tobolsky and Zimm have pointed out 
that small diradicals may undergo a rapid 
self-termination to form low polymer and 
that few, if any, would be left to grow to 
high polymer. Mayo has isolated low poly- 
mer from the thermal polymerization of 
styrene and this may come from the self 
termination of diradicals; he suggests that 
the high polymer is initiated by mono 
radicals formed in a separate third order 
process 4 complete understanding of 
thermal polymerization is impossible with 
out further knowledge concerning diradi 
cal reactions, Mr. Russell 

The aim of the present work is to pro 
duce diradicals of varying size and to in 
their reactions in vinyl mono 
has been shown that 


said 


vestigate 


mers. It some small 


diradicals do not form long chain polymer 
at an appreciable rate when produced in 
For instance, the ir 


styrene monomer, 
radiation of a styrene solution of a seven 
membered cyclic disulphide gives rise to 
little or 


a similar 


no long chain polymer whereas 
containing a linear di 
considerable 


solution 
rise to a 
Larger diradicals 


sulphide 
amount of high polymer 
do, however, appear to be capable of pro- 


ives 


ducing long chain polymers 

Monomeric sebacyl and azelayl peroxides 
have been prepared and their decomposi 
studied at 60 
weight is 


been 
molecular 


tion in styrene has 


Polystyrene of high 
produced at a rate comparable to that ob 
served using the mono-radical initiator 
benzoyl peroxide under similar conditions 
If the ring 
peroxides decompose to give diradicals, it 
can be stated that diradicals 
grow to give long chain polymer. The im- 


plications of this conclusion were discussed 


twelve- and eleven-membered 


these large 


Metal Oxide Crosslinking 


In his Buta 
diene and Unsaturated Acids: Cross-Link 
Metal Oxides”, W. Cooper of the 
Dunlop Rubber Co., Ltd., Fort Dunlop, 
Erdington, Birmingham, England, noted 
that butadiene copolymers of low molecu 


paper on “Copolymers of 


ing by 


lar weight containing combined acid groups 
oxides to give products 
The salts, par 


react with metal 
with unusual properties. 
ticularly the zinc and cadmium compounds, 
exhibit plastic flow under slowly applied 
stresses but are highly elastic on sharp im 
pact; products closely resembling the sili 
cone “bouncing putty” can be obtained 
Although these salts contain many “cross 
are, within limits, 
benzene or 


links” 
soluble in 


per chain they 
such as 
is determined by 


solvents 
pyridine. The solubility 
the molecular weight of the copolymer, its 
content and the nature of the metal 
solutions are characterized by 
dilution 


acid 
10n Their 
marked changes in 
and they develop osmotic pressures in di 


Viscosity on 


lute solution comparable to those from the 
copolymers The high 
weight polymers are strong 
elastomers which show marked creep un 
der stress, Mr. Cooper declared 

The properties of salts of both high and 


unreacted acid 


molecular 


low molecular weight copolymers are con 
with the view that 
actions can occur between 
links on different chains when stressed or 


sistent exchange re 


ionic cross- 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 











This abil- 
ity to relieve local stresses on stretching is 
thought to be of 
sidering the tensile properties of these and 


under the influence of solvents 


consequence when con 
other elastomers, he concluded 

L. A. Dickinson of the Canadian Arma 
ment Research and Development Establish 
\ alcartier, speaking 
on “Physical Properties of Some Castable 
Based on and 
Polyether Glycols’, observed that the pos 
sibility of producing 
was latent in the development of the isocy 
DuPont in the 
While the 


rubbers 


ment Que., Canada 


Elastomers Diisocyanates 


castable elastomers 


anate rubbers pioneered by 
U.S.A. and 


interest in the 


Bayer in Germany 


mayor isocyanate 
centers on the polyurethane 


that for certain pur 


currently 
is thought 
poses formulations which are castable have 
This is 
particularly true where large and complex 
Moreover, the avail 


foams, it 
considerable development potential 


sections are required 
ability of polyether glycols enables the poly 
which should have 
temperature properties 


linkage 


mers to be prepared 


relatively good low 
due to the 
in the polymer backbone 


The 


on commercially available polyglycols has 


presence of the ether 


investigation of elastomers based 


carried out in conjunction with sev 


While some ex- 


bee 1 
eral cross-linking agents 
ceptional properties are endowed by the use 
of aminohydroxy compounds, their undue 
reactivity has caused bunching of the cross 
linking centers due to their prior reaction 
during curing, Mr. Dickinson declared 
As most low molecular weight cross-link 
unduly 


ing molecules are reactive, the de 


velopment of special large tri-hydroxy 
molecules has been undertaken to supple 
ment existing molecules such as castor 
oil and glycerol monoricinoleate 
The properties of the 
mental were listed 
tailor-making indi 


outlined by the 


physical 
formulations described 


experi 
and suggestions for 


vidual ingredients were 


speaker 


Photoelastic Properties 


Another of the many interesting 
presented at the Forum was entitled “The 
Photoelastic Properties of Rubberlike 
Polymers” by D. W. Saunders of the 
British Rayon Research Association, Man 
chester, England Experimental data were 
show the relation between 


papers 


presented to 
the stress-optical coefficient and the degree 
of cross-linking in simple vulcanizates of 
natural rubber, gutta percha, polythene and 
polymethylene at temperatures above their 
crystal melting The measured 
elastic moduli of the samples were used to 


points. 


characterize their degrees of cross-linking, 
the speaker stated 
It was found, the author said, that in the 


natural rubber and gutta-percha vulcani 
zates the stress-optical coefficient is sub- 
degree of 

This 18 


predictions of a 


stantially 
cross-linking over a large range 
in agreement with the 
simple kinetic theory of rubber-like elastic 
ity. In polythene and polymethylene, how 


independent of the 


ever, the stress-optical coefficient decreases 
markedly with increasing degree of cross 
linking. This effect is common to both poly 
thene and polymethylene and is, therefore, 
unlikely to be due to chain-branching. The 
departure from the simple theory is satis 
factorily accounted for by Treloar’s theory 





RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 





a 
buy and use 


CHRISTMAS SEALS | 


iight tuberculosis 


sy 





Hs 














| ae = 
of the photoelastic properties of short 
(non-Gaussian ) chain networks, Mr 
Saunders observed 

By comparing the measured tress-optt 


cal coethcients with the theor values are 


obtained for the optical anisotropies of the 
“equivalent random links” of the polymer 


chains The ratio, q, of these values to 


the optical anisotropies of the single 


monomeric units (calculated from pub 
lished values for bond polarizability ellip 
soids) is obtained for each polymer and 


is regarded as a measure of the flexibility 
of the polymer chain. The figures obtained 
22, 50 and 48.5 for the cts 
polyisoprene and paraf 
The 


unexpected, value for the 


lor q are 
polyisoprene, fran 


fin chains, respectively relatively 
high, and perhaps 
paratiin chain finds support in the inter 
fall in stress-optical coeth 
cross-link 


network 


pretation ol the 


cient with increasing degree of 


ing in terms of the short-chain 
theory mentioned earlier 

The significance of q in terms of more 
precisely defined chain properties was dis 
definition of the concept 


cussed \ strict 


of “statistically equivalent chains” was put 
forward and an attempt was made to relate 
the quantity q and the the num 
links in the to the 
number of equiva 
lent 
parattin chain the results 
with the theories of Kubo and of Sack who 
have calculated the optical properties of an 


ratio of 


ber of polymer chain 


links in the statistically 
random chain In the case of the 


were compared 


idealized paraffin chain with hindered ro 


tation about the carbon-carbon bonds 


Other Papers Presented 


The following papers were also presented 
at the 
“Copolymerization 


Forum 
Extended to 


Ac id” by 


s| heor y 


the Copolymerization of Aconitic 


R. J. Orr and H. Leverne Williams, Poly 
mer Corp., Ltd., Sarnia, Ont 

“The Reduction of Ferric lon by 3-Hy 
droxy 2-Butanone” by G. Trudel and S 


Bywater, National Research Council, 
Ottawa, Ont 
“Photo-initiated 
zation of Methyl! 
lution” by ¢ 
Santappa, University of 


India 


Radical Polymeri 
Acrylate in Aqueous So 
Chaithanyan Menon and M 
Madras, Madras, 


ree 











“Light Scattering and Its Application to 
the Study of the Mechanism and Kinetics 
Wilfried 


Detroit 


of Emulsion Polymerization” by 
Heller, Wayne 
Mich 

“The Boron Trifluoride 
merization of Alpha-Methyl Styrene” by D 
|. Worsfold and S National Re 


Ottawa, Unt 


State Universit 
Catalyzed Pol 


Bywater 
search Council, 
“Aromat | Reactions and 
Products of ¢ Acid 
| | lhomas and ( ] 


Lancaster 


ocyanate 
Reaction irbox vl 
a a. ee 
Zeise \rt 
Penna 

“Bloc k ind Cratt 
Acrylamide and Acrylonitrile and = fron 
Acrylamide and Acrylic Acid” by M. I 


ire 


trong Corl 


tron 


{ opolymer 


Miller, American Cyanamid Co,, Stamtord 
Conn 

“Living Polymers” by Michael Szware, 
State University of New York, Syracuse 
N. \ 

“Viscosity of Dilute Solution ol 
Linear and Branched Polyvinyl Acetate 
by L. M. Hobbs, et al, University of Michi 
gan, Ann Arbor, Mich 

“A Viscosity and Light Scattering Stud 
of Some Craft Polymers” by J. A. Manson 
and L H ( ragyg, McMaster University 


Hamilton, Ont 

“Some A Viscosit Be 
haviour of Polyelectrolytes at Low ¢ 
trations” by B. k 
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont 

“Comparison of Dilute Solution Propet 
Series of Methacrylate [stet 
Polymers” by S. N. Chinai, R. J 
R, Guzzi, A. L. Resnick and J. D 
Arsenal, N. J 


spects ot the 
onecen 


Conway, University of 


ties of a 


Samuel » 
Matlac k, 


Picatinny 


“Non- Newtonian High-Precision Vi 
cometry of Polyvinyl Acetate in Toluene” 
by ¢ 4 KF. Tuynman and |. J. Herman 


Leiden, Leiden, Holland 
Capillary 


University of 
“End Corrections in the 
of Polyethylene” by E. B. Bagley, Cana 
dian Industries Ltd., McMasterville, Que 
“Theory of Formation of High 
Polymer Solutions” by Nasayuki Nakagaki 
Wayne University, Detroit, Mich 
“Adsorption of High Polymers’ 
Firich, Polytechnic Institute of 
Brooklyn, N. Y 
“The Lignin Macromolecule” by D. A. | 


Flow 


Foam 


Goring, Pulp and Paper Research Insti 
tute of Canada, Montreal, Que 

“On the Photoelastu Behaviour of 
Methyl Methacrylate Diallyl phthalate 
(MMA-DAP) Copolymers” b Kozo 
Kawata, Scientific Researc] Institute 
Tokyo, Japan 

“Stress Relaxation and Relaxation Spe 
trum of Polymethyl Methacrylate in it 
Secondary Dispersion Region” by T. Hide 
shima. H. Nakane and lwayanagi a | 
entific Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan 


Amylose b 
Gilbert, University ot 
Lock 


ociation, Manchester 


“The Photo-degradation of 
H. Baum and G. A 
Birmingham and M. \ 
on Research A 
land 


British Ray 
| 


ii 


“Depolymerization of Poly Alpha 
Methyl Styrene” by S. Bywater, et al va 


tional Research ( ouncil, Ottawa, Ont 


What’s ahead for 1957? Make sure to 
see the “Review and Preview” section as 
it appears in the January issue of RUB 
BER AGE. 









New Tenamene Antiozonants 
lwo 


retard deterioration arn 


effective antioz d gre to 


rubber 


product produced tro rubber 


are now being mad vailabl in ¢ mer 
quantities | Prod 


the 


manutacturer 
up heat igiig requirement 
PAli he ozone exposure ! pecifica 
eriou 


tion this matter 1 


consideration Until heation 
limit are determined iw lastman 
require 
ubject 


intiozonants will meet 
equally well | 


to dynamic usage bot! amene product 


ment 
have likewise prov 
celerated nd 
lenamene 0) 

the cure wit! 
lightly rreate 
amount of accel 
mall amount 
pounder 1 


Linnie 


High-Temperature Adhesive 


Chemical Divi mon 
lire and Rubber ( 


mtroduced a new 


hesive known a 


high 


H | na a 


neighborhood of 


under load 


temperature 


curm 


‘creep’ 
tures Laboratory 

100" | that 
or cold rolled teel 


new adhesive 


howed 


exhibite 
cy under constant los 
new 


flexibility 


the company, the 


tains a marked tempera 


tures throughout it erviceable range 


The adhesive is available in quart, gal 


lon, five-wallon and 50-gallon containers 


Appointed Research Director 


R. M. Ladd 


Color & ¢ hemi il, 
Ky., has announced the appoint 
M. Ladd | 


director of 


Kentucky 


formerly vice presi 
aging Dominion 
Chemical Co., Toronto, Canada, ; 


of research and development 


Mr. Ladd will devote hi 


i enlarged research progran 


capacity, 


phasis on tested pigment performance undet 
Ladd 


1936. doing 


the varied e applications, M1 


graduated from Dartmouth in 


rraduate work in chemistry at Brooklyn 


Polytechnic Institute, During the war, he 
Chemical Warfare Service 


joined Zinsser & Co 


erved with the 


and afterwards 


OTS Synthetic Research Reports 
\ collection of 363 recent re 
ynthetic rub 


earch pa 
government's 
been released by the Of 
[ » 


pers trom the 
her program ha 
Technical 


( ommerce, 


Depart 
ment of Washington 25, D. ¢ 
Numbered CR-3571 to CR-3934, the paper 


the past two 


fice ot Services 


during 
Facilities Corp. and 


cover research done 


vears for the Federal 
predecessor agencies. A list of the 
PB 118310-S, may be obtained from OTS 
for 25 The deposited 
at the iilable 
through the Library Photoduplication Sery 
Library 
will quote prices on individual items in the 
list. Price of the 
film is $35. These papers supplement an 
group of 3,750 papers; PB 118310, 
microfilm of 


report 


reports themsel ve 


Library of Congress, are 

ice in microfilm or photocopy. The 
complete set in micré 
earlier 


available in 
Librar 


which are also 


photocopy through the 


Technical Reports Available 

Klastomers Chemicals Division, E. I. du 
Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc... Wilming 
98, Del., has issued several new te 
reports, ill of which are available 
company. The reports are 
“Neoprene in 
Bags and Bladders.” 

BL-318—“Neoprene Compounds; — for 
ASTM D 735 and SAF Standard 10-R 
S Compounds, Class S¢ 


Unicel ND; 


Sponge 


quest to the 


BL-31) 


Butyl Curing 


‘| ype 
56-3-—"Unicel S and 
Agents for 


slow 


| 
Prod 


Elastomeric 


506-4 “Hypalon 20, 


pounding and Processing.” 


Principles 


Lithium Institute Formed 


Establishment of the American Lithium 
Institute, Inc., to conduct research on 
lithium and its compounds, has been 
announced in a joint statement by Amer- 
ican Potash and Chemical Corp., 
Angeles, Calif., Foote Mineral Co., 
Philadelphia, Penna., and the Lithium 
America, Minneapolis, Minn 
stated that the insti 


a 2Trow 


Los 


Corp ot 
The 


tute has 


companies 
been formed to meet 


ine need for a central organization to 
research on problems of an in 


and 


direct 


dustry-wide nature and to correlate 


technical information on 
anization, the 


tech 


disseminate 
lithhum, A 


institute will 


non-profit ors 
maintain offices, a 


literature service at 


nical library and 


Princeton, N. J 


program of! 


Present plans call for 


an extensive research and 
problems involving 
lithium use in the fields of cl 


chenmustry, 
metallurgy and 


development on 


ceramics, nucleon 


Projects will be assigned to appropriate 


and research institutions, but 


guided by the 


colleges 
will be 


techni al 


organization’s 


policy committee, which will 
ym the 


devel 


be composed of representatives fr 
three member companies. Latest 
lithium technology will be 
known to industry. Marshall Sit 
Ethyl Corp., has 
elected president and managing director 
of the Institute. Other officers are: vice 
presidents, J. D. Campbell (Lithium); 
Dirksen (American Potash), J 
Fentress (Foote Mineral) M hi Me 
Carthy, of Oliver and Donnally, will be 
board of di 
consist of the officers and 
(Foote Mineral), Peter 
Potash), and H. W 


opments in 
made 


tig, formerly of been 


secretary-treasure! Phe 
rectors will 
L. G. Bliss 
Colefax (American 
Rogers (Lithium) 


Buys Market Forge Division 

Philadelphia, 
purchased the Materials 
Handling Division of Market Forge Co., 
Everett, Mass., effective November 1, 
1956. According to Market 
made 


American Pulley Co., 


Penna., has 


Forge, sale 
of the division was necessary by 
the rapid growth of the company over 
the past few years and the need to de 
full plant and facilities to its othe: 


Pulley will 


acquire d 


vote 
manu 
Market 
materials-handling line in its re 
expanded plant in Philadelphia 
Warshaw, formerly respon 
the development of the Mar 
joined American 


American 
newly 


divisions 
facture the 
Forge 
cently 
Nathaniel 
sible for 
ket Forge line has 
Pulley in the 
its Materials 


capacity Of manager ot 


Handling Division 
Appointed Desertaic Agent 


Color Co., In 
announced its ap 
Desert 


Smith Chemical & 
Brooklyn, N. Y., has 
pointment as exclusive 
Minerals, Inc., Los Angeles, for distribu 
tion of “Desertales” in the New England 
States, Connecticut, New York, New 
and Pennsylvania with the exception of the 
Philadelphia area. Desertale 50 and 100 
series tales have applicati n in paints, ther 
caulking 
dusting 


agent tor 


Jersey 


mosetting plastics, compounds 


rice coatings, cosmetic powders 


textiles, et 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 195 











Smith Joins Goodrich-Gulf 





John R. Smith 


ith has joined Goodrich-Gult 
Ohio, as 


John R. Sn 


Chemicals, Inc., Cleveland, a sales 


representative, the company has announced 


\ir. Smith, whose headquarters will be lo 
cated in Cleveland, will cover Ohio and 
parts of Indiana and Pennsylvania \ 


I eC hnol wv, 


degree in chemical 


vraduate of Case Institute of 


where he received a B.S 


engineering, Mr Smith later received a 
master’s degree in chemistry at the Uni 
versity of Akron. He joined B. F. Good 
rich Chemical Co. at its Akron experi 
mental station in 1952, where he was as 
ociated with development work on syn 
thetic resins and rubbers. Mr. Smith 1s 


the American Institute of 
Chemical Engineers, American Chemical 


Society and the Akron Rubber Group 


member ot 


Expands Niagara Falls Plant 


Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Ak 
ron, Ohio, has announced that a $4,000, 
000 capacity increase is planned for the 
Pathfinder Chemical 
Falls, N. Y¥ The 


construction oft 


Corp., Niagara 


expansion program 


entails new buildings 
and equipment for increased production 
of “Pliovic” vinyl resins and provides 
for the 
ment to 
ot 


duced ror 


modificati existing 


n of equip 
ot 


latices 


production 
and 

the 
Division buildings re 
built the 
boundaries of the plant, with construc 
tion scheduled to 
First of the 


pected after July, 1957 


allow for new 


types vinyl resins pro 


by (,oodveat 
New 


within 


industry 
Chemical 
will he 


quired present 


begin immediately 


increased production is ex 


Campco Licenses French Firm 


In accordance with a licensing agreement 


mpleted recently with the Campco Divi 


ion of Chicago Molded Products Corp., 
Chicago, IIL, the Societe Plymouth Fran 
caise, 4. of Feyzin, Isere me of 
France's leading manufacturers of plastic 
materials, will manufacture Campco-type 
thermoplastic sheet. French representatives 
will be trained in the United States by 
Campco in technical and merchandising 
methods and an interchange of ideas and 
nachinery will take place between the two 
{ ! parte 
| 
w RRER A f EMBER 1956 


FINANCIAL BRIEFS 


The board of directors of the U.S. Rub 


ber Co. have declared a stock dividend ol 
2% on the common, plus the usual quarterly 
dividend of 50c a share. The cash dividend 


brings total cash dividends on the common 
as last vear 


to $2.00 for the year, the same 

A 2% stock dividend was also paid last 
veal 

Wooster Rubber C ias sold $1,500,000 
in promissory notes, due 1958-67, to the 
Equitable Life Assurance Society of the 
United States. The company will use the 
proceeds retire a bank loan and to build 


facilities 


additional plant 


Directors of Hewitt-Robins, Ine., have 
dividend of 
Weas on sto« k, 
December 1S te stockholders of 
on November 30. This is the company s Sist 


dividend 


regular quarter!) 


} | 
hare on the 


dec lared the 
payable 


comn 


record 


4 


f : wed $2,000, 
000 through the sale of 15-year, 444% 
Society ot 


the | ile Repa ment 1 cheduled 
to begin in te eat 

Robert | We sthee, vice-pre ident of the 
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co 
has pur ised 2.000 common hares, in 


creasing his direct holdings to 3,852 share 
John ©, Emison, a director of the Gen 
eral Cable Corp., ha old 3,000 common 
shares, reducing his direct holdings to 2,910 
share ~ 
Goodyear Balloon in Parade 
The Annual Macy’s Thanksgiving Day 


Parade, held recently in New York City, 


featured a huge air-borne balloon, built by 
the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. of Akron, 
Ohio, Resembling the observation balloons 


used during Civil War days and not unlike 
the size and shape of the paraffin and tissue 
balloons the Seventeenth Century, the 


called, 


average In 


“Observer i the new balloon is 
sulhicient 


dividual teel-ringed 


basket, encased in rubberized fabric, was 
used by the Observer's passenger during 
the parade. He gazed down and waved to 
par we yoer Irom a Vantawe point ome 
15 feet above the treet level. More than 


20 persons tethered the 50-foot high balloon 


during 


the parade. Two other flying giants 
in this year’s parade included a 69-foot high 


“Mighty Mouse 


ous Gobble 


and the popular “Gorge 


O-toot high turke 


Five Industrial Plants Merge 


The merger of five imly wned New 
England concerns to be operated by Frank 
lin Research Cory Boston, Mass., as a 
single operating unit een announced 


The merger was effected through an ex 


change of stock Phe mpanmes involved 
are Frank In tries of Worcester, Mass 
Brown Bag Filling Machine Co., In 


Ma Standard Machinery 


Reflector Co 


Manu 


Fitchburg 
Co.. 
Hanson 


Mystic, Conn., W 
Ma ind Paul V 


rater 


Named Assistant to President 





| S 
falo, N 
of Will 
presidet 


ton Wa 


rector 
New Yi 
sociated 


American 


is 
Mechani 
Automoti 


a met 





XI Reclaiming | | 
y I immounced the apy 1 ‘ 
im |. Fritton as assistant 1 
( heste H. Peterson, M brit 
! er! ice-pre ident ml 
‘ in Der Hor Cor () 
rl ind prior to that, he wa 
vith Curtiss-Wright Cory 
Bra Co. in Buffalo, N. Y. He 
her the Americar ety <« 
| | meet und ! ( 
e kngineet 


Amoco Chemicals Appoints Two 


Two ippomtment have beet " n 
the Amoco Chemicals Corp., which wall be 
formed hetore the end of the r thie | 
consolidation f three chemical ittiliate 
of Standard Ojl ¢ (Ind.). Dr. George A 
Harrington | heen named ener 
ager r clopment and tlow ird | 
Petersor vill be manager of pecial | | 
ucts im the keting department. Bot 
have hee ined to the (C hre ottice 
ol la H he este! A co ‘ 
pre ident-elect Ly Harringtor 
been market research director 
(Chemical Co ince 1953, has he ri 
researc rial rketil positt ‘ 
chemical field. Hei i wraduate of the | 
versit ebraska and holds a doct 
mm (hem from Northwestern | 
ity. Mr. Peterson | been wit Standard 
Qil since 1923 and since 1949, he | et 
vice-presides d imager of ‘ ‘ 
department Indoil Chemical ¢ H 
grad ile ! { | il ct ol f 


1962 


three Jap: 


ubmitt 
plant t 


Ministr 


4) to form a j | fe 





heduled to pr duce } (Mt) 
nthetic rubber annuall 
nder co leratior 
sanese firm i { ‘ 
bishi Vets ( he ( 
i Rubber Mig. ¢ ad ea 
} If a et 
the Muinists f Tra 
é ing doubt 1 j 
tu t ( ad te put : , 
ffered to seek a ‘| 
the | ject ! thie ‘ 





Financial News 


os 


Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. 


eptember {} | 


$45,549,41 


Celanese Corp. of America 


COOL G ) 


Nine 
Cone 
per sl ‘ i | hy SUO0D 


| 


period 


B, F, Goodrich Co, 


Nine months to ! 
$30,667 340 
$3.44 a common sl 


$95,212, or $3.66 a 


net mcorme 


month period Net 
months of 1956 were . 3K 646. 1] 
pared with $561,924,350 in the sar 
i the previou ir. The compan 
notes that direct and indirect sale 
kederal Government amounte 
total net ale 
1956, against 

19 


American Zinc, Lead & Smelting 


Nine mont t 


come ol $2,216,147 which 1 


eptember 30 

| 
equal 
per common nare compared wit 
391. or $1.34 common hare in 
month period ol the 
in the 1956 nine 


M5 944 compared 


previou Ce 
month period ( 
with $57,518,776 


ame period of 19 


Sheller Manufacturing Corp. 


Nine mont to September 30 


come of $826,467 V ch 1 equal 


per hare comps witl $2,6/9 
$2.81 a share 1 tl nine 1 


Sale 


riod 
of 1956 were 


$39 19] in 


Minnesota Mining & Mfg, Co. 


Nine months ending | mber 30 


mcome Of $26,986,59% hich is equal 
$1.61 a hare, 


$1.50 a hare 


$24,685,380 


eal Sale 
1956 were 
$202,713,004 


New Jersey Zinc Co. 


Nine months t September 
mcomme 
771 pet 
or $1 BY oa 
period of the pi 
the first mine 


the nie per 


O'Sullivan Rubber Corp. 


of $73, 
$20,820, in the 19 
Sales in the first 
were $4,642,304, cor 
) 


( 
} mi the ame p 


Rome Cable Corp. 


Nine month t September 0 
income of $1,181,000, which eq 
$2.23 a share compared W 


d S851. 000 
or $1.68, in the 1955 nine m h period 


Columbian Carbon Co. 
Nine 


Mncome 


months to September 30: Net 
of $4,328,010, which is equal to 
$2.68 per $4,443, 


6, or $2.76 a share, in 1955 nine month 


share, compared wit! 
3? 
Sales in the 1956 nine month 
period were $47,941,030, compared with 
$45,854,715 in the } 


previous year 


pe riod 


same period of the 


Cooper Tire & Rubber Co, 


ne months to September 30: Net i 
ome of $362,303, which is equal to $1.42 
per share, $1.06 


} 


compared with $269,639 
in the same period ot the previo 

ur Net sales in the 1956 nine mont! 
$20,007,586 compared with 


$16,358,197 in the first mine 


period were 


mo t 


Goodall Rubber Co. 


iontl to September 30 
f $480,758, which is equal 

ire, compared with $348,790, or $2.4 

in the same period of the previou 

ear. Net sales in the first nine months of 

1956 were $8,971,208 compared with $7, 


$29,566 in the 1955 nine month peri 


McNeil Machine & Engineering Co. 


Nine months to September 30; > 
$2,183,877, which equal t 
' 4 


on hare after preterre a 


recurring imcome equal t 
are, compared with $1,698,29% 
$294 a common hare, in the fi 


ontl ( 19 


National Rubber Machinery Co. 


mths to September 30 
$600,041, which i 
compared with $451,102 

period last year. Sal 


1956 totaled 


Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co, 
Ve 31 Net ll 
109, which 1s equal to Ole 
compared witl 
mmon stock, in 1 19 
in 1956 totaled $19,616 


vith $16 $26,008 in 19 


Wooster Rubber Co. 


\ 


d Septembe 0 


1956 were 


QrAQ Aj? in tl 


liquid plas 
replace tl 
by the 


Y ork, 


Pigment Dis 
Heights, L. L, 
a4 complete range 


called 


polyethylen 


oncentrates, 


for coloring 


RUBBER AGE 





Monitor A Water Softener 
Globe ( Water 


Conn., has developed a new chemi 
“Monitor A” 


type ot 


ompound Co., In 
bury, 
| designated 


is said to be a 


product, 
unique 
solubilizer, 


solttener, sequestering 


igent and stabilizer for numerous in 


dustrial, commercial and chemical prod 
ucts The 


alcohols, polat 


product is miscible with water, 


lower organic solvents 


al d 


lIvents It 1s 


aqueous solutions of water-miscible 


soluble in strong con 
entrations of acids, alkalies and elec 


Monitor A can be 


cleanet emulsions, 


trolytes 


used in soaps, 


detergent metal 


finishing te xtile, leather ind other ap 


plication Phe product will also 


stabilize latex, latex and resin emulsion 


against the effects of copper and 


venting breakdown and di 


the company says The ma 


sold 


State 


without warranty and the 


company that all risk of 
r damage resulting from the use o1 
sumed by 
the user Phe company that the 
should establish the suit 


ility and safety for his own use 


indling of the product Is a 
Ssavs 


purchaser 


Industrial Symposium Announced 


The twelfth annual symposium on “In 
Industries” 


3 and 25, 1957, 


Proce 


») ) 


ntatior tor the 


h al Engineering Department 
f Agricultural and Mechanical College of 
College Station, Texas. The 


lead to an improved unde 


Texas eries 


1 designed to 


tanding of the principles and practice of 


applied to industries 


instrumentation as 


operating by the continuous 


fluids. Particular attention will be 


processing ol 
Kiven 
new developments. A_ registration fee of 
$10.00 per person entitles the registrant 


all lect { 1 to receive a inted 
1 be 
but 
be obtained by wri 

1). Holland, Department of 
Texa A & M 


hicl ' 
which wil 
l 


comple ter 


Acquires Kraloy Plastic Pipe 


eamle Rubber ‘ New Haven 


Sition of 


acqu 
oe” Lo 


and 


anne 


macl 
been modernized 
pipe testing equipment 
talled to stabilize | 
litional facilities are 


Ange le s and 


Growald Joins United Wallpaper 


Bert Growald 


) t ! en 
tral Researcl i ri United Wall 
Inc., ( |. Mr. Growald will 


be resp } iboratories’ ex 


paper! 

pande and ce velopment 
ity College 
ee in chem 
und in the 
trie 


Completes European Tour 


president tT lesting 
\ Y 

K tensive 

he visited 

and 


luded nu 


manu 
factur 


micro inncle 


New Calcium Chloride Unit 
Columbia-Southern 
has announced thi 
the manutacture 
chloride have we 
Barberton Oh i me 
construction nee April 
a substantia ncreas¢e 
chloride output. In 
flake and liquid 


of calcium chloride, the 


calcium 


regular 


will produce the first d 
calcium chloride in flake 
in 80 pound bh: 

The new plant, ot 
tion, provide 
shipping tacilit 
chloride from 

25, 100°) pr 
flaked 
Cafs Phe 


chloride ( 


snow FeTMOy 


horn 


etlective 
findin 1 
for dust and 
shoulders at ndary 
nection with the national 


way building program 


Connecticut Holds Fall Meeting 


hie Meeti 
Rubber I i held 
Actor’ | 
ored tl 
bership 
was Ar 
the New 
member 


Robustelli 


brie 


ented 


late 
(Bond Rubber 


maticall iy 


Named Tire Design Manager 


Orris H, | 





Jefferson Chemical Expands 


West Coast News 


Jefferson Chemical Co., has announ 


plant at 
starts 4 


Port Necl 
Che pr 
indertaken by the con 
1944. The new 
facilities tor 


( } The Swi productior 
Moulded Product 


announced the 


Ol ntrv wu 
. O0O00 nN ent ! 


cK uble 


achinery and ¢ 
vile The trat 
vailability of 

i “Duck 


Harris 


» has announced tl 


Leslie | Good 
nanagement 1 I 1 ‘ . \ ywresident im chars ofen 


ile Named » sue 


aS manayer ol he 


mec 
M1 
company’s 
is Ralph | 


the work 


ceed 


n, Ohio plant Schey 








assistant to mal 


Four Vice-Presidents Elected 


Clevite’s ( 


leveland 


(sraphite 


ze Div 


Mr 


} i American 
He Ill., ha 


Bartlett enor 


Mineral 
announced 


Spirits ¢ 


the election « 


president 


ind 


ve land 


educated i 


Graphite in 


(00d wl 
l I ngland 


1921 and 


re f the 


Bushing 


Div 


Buckle vice president i 


Va appointed 


superintend 


Fuel Oil Departs 
vice-president 


| Karl | vice idet 


pre 


te Harris Cle 
be LTT 


Napol on 


Ve land 


Manage! 


plat 


midwest 


Bart 


1 Mr SCH ‘ li f Clevel 

ident ¢« compan fliliat ‘ a 

headquarter ( - Mi | 

Cah He has beer 
1934 Mr 

Mine | spirit 


Mr. Capizzas 


sity a 
Adn 


Grapl 


nivel 
fern, ry ; 
»AUSTINESS 


leve land 


ince 
than tw 


Elastomer Chemical Newsletter 


t 


mer Chemical 212 Wr 


Nylon Tire Prices Reduced 


Dire nad Rubber { 





They thought it was alive 


When Columbus and his sailors visited 
South America, they saw Indians playing 
with balls that bounced with such resil- 
ience the Europeans thought 


they were alive. 


startled 


Those strange jumping balls, of course, 
were rubber. But rubber is no longer a 
plaything. It’s so essential that rubber 
plantations— American style— have 
sprouted up throughout the country. 
One of the largest and best equipped of 


these domestic rubber plantations 
flourishes at Torrance, California, where 
Shell Chemical produces a full 
S-type copolymers to fill the needs of 
large and small Western manufacturers 
You'll tind that Shell synthetic rubber 


available in a variety of solid types and 


line ol 


liquid latices, can do a better job for you 


Convenient location and product di 
versity make Torrance your logical source 


for synthetic rubber West of the Rockies. 


In 
Laborat 


practi al 


olution 


‘ 
addition, S 


! 


nical prol lem 


Think 
ever 
phone 


FAcult 


SHELL CHEMICAL CORPORATION 


Synthetic Rubber Sales Division 
P.O. Box 216, Torrance, California 


ol 


YOU fee 


number 


lorrance 


hell's 
ready 


ynthetic rubber 


Los 


340, 


lec hn al Servi 


to help 


for troublesome 


q' 


Calitornia 


ou tin 


tech 


when 
Qur m 
Anvgele 


4 


{ 


SHELL 


‘ 


ne 








Now Available... 


PROCEEDINGS 
of the 


Third Rubber Technology Conference 


22-25, 1954 


this volume, 


per presented at the Conterence neid in London or 


of the Rubber 


Jur e 


the Institutior Industry, are presented ir 





Think ng in 


must to 


r 


on eacn paper. ine papers are 


WOrid-wide 


the science and general te hnology of rubber, 7 


character and 


-¢ 
; intorma- 


| who wish to keep abreast of developments in the tiela, 





TITLES OF PAPERS 





Properties of Natural Rubber Latex 

Micro-Gel in Sheet Rubber 
R. Freeman 

Improved Rubbers by the Enzymatic De 


Skim Latex J E. 


Latex and 


proteinization of 
Morris 

Stability of Ammoniated Latex and Soap 
Stabilized Emulsions in the Presence of 
Complex Zine Salts. T. S. McRoberts 

Variability of Hevea Latex. W. L. Resing 

Zine Oxide Testing of Latex. E. W. Madge, 
H. M. Collier, and J. L. M. Newnham 

Hevea Latex: Its Structure and Viscosity. 
G. Verhaar 

Contribution to the Study of Mineral Ele 
ments in Field Latex. EF. R. Beaufils 

Rubber Peptized on the Plantation. G 
Giger, J. Lemee and M. Liponski 


Production and Evaluation of 
Synthetic Rubber 


Cation and Anion Influence in the Alfin 
Reagent for the Polymerization of Buta 
diene 1. A Morton, I. Nelidow and 
E. Schoenberg 

Evaluation of 
Latices. J. D 

Recent Studies on the Structure of Syn 
thetic Rubber. R. F. Dunbrook, B. 1 
Johnson, J. L. Binder, J. M. Willis, and 
Y. LL. Carr 

Rubbery Copolymers from Unsaturated 
Ketones. W. Cooper, T. B. Bird, and 
E. Catterall 

Preparation and Properties of Condensa 
tion Block Copolymers. D. H. Coffey and 
T. J. Meyrick 

Graft Polymers Derived from Natural Rub 
ber. G. F. Bloomfield, F. M. Merrett, 
F. J. Popham, and P. McL. Swift 

Oil Resistance of Synthetic Rubbers Over 
Very Long Periods of Time. B 

Structure and Solution Properties of High 
Molecular Weight Butadiene-Styrene Co 

R. B. MacFarlane and L. A 


Synthetic {ubbers and 


Patterson, 


Sarno 


polymers 


Mi / eod 


780 Pages 


Pyridinium High Polymers—A New Class 
of Oil-Resistant Synthetic Rubbers. VW. 
B. Reynolds, J. E. Pritchard, M. H 
Opheim, and G. Kraus. 


Chemistry of Rubber 

Studies in Latex Particle Surface Reac 
tions: Kinetics of Hydrochlorination of 
Unvulcanized and Vulcanized Latices 
M. Gordon and J. S. Taylor. 

Oxygen-Absorption Effects in Cured and 
Uncured Rubber. R. L. Stafford. 

Infra-Red Spectroscopic Analysis of Elas 
tomers. W. H. T. Davison and G. R 
Kates. 

Structural Characteristics of the Sulfur 
Linkage in Natural Rubber Vulcanizates. 
L. C. Bateman, R. W. Glazebrook, C. G. 
Moore, and R. W. Saville. 

Chemical Reactions of Antioxidants Used 
in Vuleanized Rubber. P. Schneider. 
Cross-Linking and Radiation Effects in 
Some Natural and Synthetic Rubbers 

A. Charlesby and D. Groves. 


Physics of Rubber 

Modification of the Permeability of Natural 
Rubber Vulcanizates. P. Thirion 

Reinforcement and Tear Strength 
ropy. H. i A J Janssen. 
Elasticity of Ideal and Real Rubberlike 
Materials. H/7. M. James and E. Guth 
Study of Rubberlike Polymers by Nuclear 
Magnetism. B. A. Mrowca and FE. Guth. 

Natural Rubber Compounds for Intermit 
tent Low Temperature Service. W. P 
Fletc her, A. N. Gent, and R. I. Wood 

Theoretical Model for the Elastic Behavior 
of Filler-Reinforced Vulcanized Rubbers 
L. Mullins and N. R. Tobin. 

Non-Linearity in the Dynamic Properties 
of Rubber. A. R. Payne 


Developments in Testing Methods 

Tear-Down Adhesion Testing. B. Pickup 

Constant Power Principle in Abrasion 
Testing. FE. F. Powell and S. W. Gough 


$13.50 (postpaid)* 
Send orders to: 


RUBBER AGE 


Anisot 


Changes of Electrical Resistance of Rub 
bers Loaded with Carbon Black. D. GC. 
Marshall. 

Tire Cord Fatigue and Fatigue Testing. 
R. S. Goy. 

Pneumatic Tire Testing. J. 1. S. Williams 
and R. G. Clifton. 

Fast, Easy Test for Measuring Relative 
State of Cure. L. R. Sperberg. 


Compounding: Theory and Practice 


Nature of “Chemisorptive” Mechanisms in 
Rubber Reinforcement. V. A. Garten 
and G. K. Sutherland. 

Interaction of Rubber and Fillers During 
Cold Milling. W. F. Watson. 

Role of Intermediate Level Carbon Blacks 
in Rubber. /. Drogin. 

Role of Particle Diameter and Linkage 
Formation in Rubber Reinforcement. A. 
F. Blanchard. 

Lignin as a Compounding Ingredient for 
Natural Rubber. /. Sagajllo. 

Mooney Viscosity of Carbon Black-Rubber 
Mixtures. M. Studebaker. 

Oil Extension of Natural Rubber, GC. J 
van Amerongen and H. C. J. de Decker 

Behavior of Highly-Filled Rubber Vulcani 
zates. K. C. Bryant and D. C. Bissett 

Rubber Reinforcement by Resins Formed 
in Latex. J. van Alphen. 


Miscellaneous Technology 


Abraded Filament Tire Cord. FE. R. Gard- 
ner, A. E. Herbert and W.C. Wake. 
Effect of Heat Setting on the Physical 
Properties of “Terylene” Polyester Fiber. 

D. N. Marvin and T. J. Meyrick. 

Time Dependent Effects in Tire Cords. 
PP 0. Wood and V. F. Kilby. 

Wave Phenomena in Tires at High Speed. 
D. M. Turner. 

Tread Wear and Fuel Consumption of 
Tires. H. C. J. de Decker, R. Houwink, 


and G. J. van Amerongen. 


Completely Indexed 


Exclusive Sales Agents in the United States and Canada 


101 West 31st Street, 


* Add 3% Sales Tax for delivery in New York City 


New York I, N. Y. 











Chemlok One-Coat Adhesives 
Manu 


has an 
= he mlok 


to-metal bond 


Products Division, Lord 
Erie, 


Special 
facturing Co., Penna., 
nounced the development of 
220” and “201” for rubber 
hemlok 220 is 


bonding of 


ing. ¢ said to be versatile 


in permanent uncured na 


rubbers to metal 


()me 


tural and synthetic 
coat 
bond 


obtained 


with a one-coat application 
produces a 
that 


two-coat 


Is new adhe SIVe 


eater strength than 


conventional adhesives 


comparable environmental resist 


the company says. Superior bond 


ince to adverse conditions such 


ide temperature variations, hot and 


water, salt spray, chemicals, sol 


and corrosive atmospheres is ob 
by using Chemlok 201 as 


with Chemlok 220. According to 


mpany, Chemlok adhesives will 


(GR-S neoprene, 


itural rubber, 


el stainl s | aluminum 


agnes! 


be ipplie 
temiperat 
dipping of 
is non-tacky 
in molding 
| metal part 
up to uur weeks bet 
ifftec 
Shelf life 


201 ‘ a 


ICESSINE without 
the bond 


220 and 


Paraflint Synthetic Wax 
New York, N. ¥ 


and clays, 


Moore & Munger 
marketers of Industrial waxe 


have announced the importation of the 
first shipment of synthetic 
paraffin from South Africa. An 


tionally hard, high-melting point hydro 


quantity 
excep 


product is one of the 
South African 
Government program to produce petro 
the 
process of synthesiza 
the South African 
(SASOL), the 


carbon wax, the 


primary products of a 


leum from low-grade coal by 
Fischer-Tropsch 
tion. Produced by 
Coal, Oil and 
synthetic paraffin is distributed exclu 
sively in the United States by Moore & 
Munger under the “Paraflint” 
According to the company, this new wax 


industrial 


(;as 0., 


name ot 


find a variety of uses 
in such fields as rubber, inks, plastics, 


produc ts, 


should 


insulation paints, varnishes, 
lacquers, etc 


Divides Eastern Sales Region 


Chemical Co., San Francisco, 

announced that its Eastern 
region divided into two 
effective November 15. E. J. Van 
Buskirk has been appointed manager of 
the Northeastern district with headquarters 
at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, N. Y 
B. W. Colaianni has been named manager 
of the Southeastern district with 
in Wilmington, Del. J. H. Selby has been 
appointed manager special accounts, East 
ern sales region, and J. R. Stitt continues 
Oronite’s 


Oronite 
Calit., has 
been 


sales has 


districts, 


othces 


iS supervisor of eastern re 
gional sales, coordinating the activities of 


the new sales offices 


Develops New Tread Rubber 
Akron, Ohno, 


the development ot a 
p rubber, 


Seiberling Rubber ( 


has ann yunced 
new “hig ! mileage tread 


called Tread 


for tl npany’s independent recap 


mium 125 Rubber”, 


pers throughout the country. Company 


officials that 
have demonstrated that the new prod 
oey 


two years of tests 


uct will provide a minimum otf 25% 
mcrease in cost overt 
10%. In 
cold 


product 


more mileage at an 
of approxunately 
better 


bber, the 


cold I ibber 
corporating the qualities © 


and natural ru new 
much 
mold 


qualities are good and _ technicians 


the material re 


conta i heat dissipating factor 


nearer that of natural rubber. Its 


than other 
sed, the com 


mducing the 


Falls Opens Cutting Laboratory 


enter devoted 
ind splitting 
is being 
Ma 
Fall 


hirn 


ne ind 
ihowa 
mipany, 
problems will be 
eir material to 
ive written 

it the mate 

t cutting will 
rubbes 


lorie 


plastics, 
and 
machines al 
the labor 
Die Cutter 
unloading 
Splitting 
More 


including 


hoams 
iterials long the 
installed in 
Duty Roller 
loading and 
and 


inently 
Heavy 


with an aute 


itor rea 
mmniatie 
Mme han rh and J ve ling 
attachment 


later 


iutomats 
added 


plitter 


machine with 
equipment will be 


semi-automat 


New Isocyanates Plant 


National Aniline Division 
Chemical and Dye Corp., New ¥ 


has announced be 


ginning of ¢ 
a new multi-million dollar plant 
‘Nac * Or 
Moundsvil 


atic 


cently appointees 
Moundsville 

im cl the new 1 
plant completel 
with all chemica 
within the Allied ¢ 
shippin 
loadin 


facilities for 


barge r truck and 


any e contaimel 


tank cal 


ul 


Japan 


Oh 
nortl 


island of 


an initial annual 


An CXpalsi 


take place next : 


make the « pany the large 


of the plastic in the Fat 


(xeon operate inother pol 


anbara also 


plant it K 


pansion, Current plans will 


ini il 


bined capacity Of the 


25,000 tons, the company 









































Aegt 


"You see it too? For a whilea | thought | was seeing things!” 











Canadian News 


in hour 

boost I 
ur. In additi 
upy lementar 


Z 500 000 


odern, $ 
; 1} 
oan rubber 
Kitchener 


ceremon 


ri 
pre a 


foam 


rubber pr 


| 
plant 


the me 
nuitding 
AW) 


icquire d 
quare leet 
Standard 

e Prin 


uth rill 


f 1 , ) i eiberling 


OW hin 


naret 


nited ¢ 


Metal & Thermit-l 
of Canada, Ltd., has announced the 
yletion of a new coenblabd othes 
and facil 
tobic ike To } in in nortl 


manulacturing 


I 
house 
I 


loronto tructure, 80 b 


served by 


Canadian 


bot < 
Pacific 
1,600 


Ieet in IZ 1s 
the 
Plans are to devote 
the 
equipment, wareli 
Products 

loron 


and 


highway and 
road 
office space and balance te 
tion 
be iler room 
tured at the 


copper 


ployes iD 


la plant at} Whitl chromium, 


18 . materials liquid dips, . 


national I 


member o 


Parker Joins A, G, Spalding 


Edwin L. Parker 


Parke 


oods = fiel 


ican 
Parke 


when 


¢ } 
LIZ/ 


\iter 


managed 

Akron until 1938 
Parker became affiliated 
Rubber ¢ 
later 

Auto Equip 
joined Fire 
1943 
duties of 


ind 
their ome and 


He 


buyer in 


arye ol 


ment Department tone 


After 


divi 


is sporting goods 


rds he assumed the 


n merchandise manayer in chars 
porting | wheel 


lugg: is 


( lothing 


lirector 


toys, 
currently a 
Blazor i Blazon International, 
and 


Akron 


Intes 


n Manufacturing Co 
M« reantile ( oo. all ot 


director of Blazor 


Canada and the Jame town 
Machine ind Manufacturing (¢ of 


He has 


n \lercantile 


served 
Mr 


' 
I 


also 


Joins Emery Research Staff 
Killhetfer ha been app 


arch staff of Emery 


Ohio He 


he Pla r Group 


incinnati 


arch Secti under the 


Dr. C. A 


both 


oprans wher 


new and current 
Emery 


the 


t joining 
with 
emicals Department of E. |] 
Nemours & Co., Wilmir 
holds a B.S. degree f 
isetts Institute of 
M.S 
North and 


American Chemical 


was a chemist 


He 


degree fr 


niversity Carolina 


ety and 


Sigma 








“ MUEHLSTEIN << 


60 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK 17, N. Y. 
REGIONAL OFFICES: Akron + Chicago + Boston + tosAngeles + ‘Toronto - tondon 


WAREHOUSES: Akron + Chicago + Boston + tosAngeles + JerseyCity + indianapolis 


CRUDE RUBBER - SYNTHETIC RUBBER - SCRAP RUBBER - HARD RUBBER DUST - PLASTIC SCRAP 











Obituaries __, aan Reaaton 
Veginals “agies, vice-president 


the Industrial Products Department 

J. M. Huber Corp., New York, N. Y 

died in his sleep on November 14 while et 
route to Akron, Ohio, on business. He was 
61 years old. A native of Madison, N. J., 

Lester D. Gardner Mr Kagle >» rec eived a degree in chemistry 

Lester I). Gardner. founder of RuBBER from Cornell University. Following grad 
Acre, died on ceili 23 at Columbia uation, he saw service in World War | 
Medical Center in New Yorl Mr Eagles joined Huber as ; t 


Presbyterian 
City. He ‘ SO year old. Mr. Gardner 
through his association with the Gardner 
Moffat Publishing Co., later the Gardner 
’ublishing Co., established Rupper Act 
1917, and continued his association witl 
journal until 1926 when it wa old 
Paul J Palmertor Major (Gardner 

he was known, was widely recognized 

i Aeronau 


founder oO hh 1 i ‘ 


a 
] 


al Seience 
onautical e 
in 1916 of Aviation Magazine 
das Aviation Week b 
lishing ¢ 
promoting 
1946, but « 
ultant until 
received 
idmuinistration 
Institute ol 
pent a year at Columbia 
in 1900 studying administrative 
in subsequent years worked on vari resentative in 1923. Beg 
daily newspapers and magazines abo 19 a 4 man sales department, 
the country, He entered the publi liinis up ; twork of agents with a 
field in 1916. During World War I, M1 rogram that resulted in the first of man 
: Gardner helped organize a number of — expansions for the company. When th 
voshen Rubber fi ‘ git ars, aeronautical squadrons, attaining — the company was reorganized in 1947, Mr 
Mr, Niccum was a past-president of rank of major In 1927, President Eagles headed the new Industrial Products 
National O-Ring Manufactures Coolidge appointed Mr. Gardner U. 5 Department. During World War II, he was 
tion, Active in civic affairs, Mr, Nice delegate to the Fourth International 4 member of the Carbon Black Indust 
was a member of the board of director Aviation Congress in Rome. The next Advisory Committee of the War Produ: 
the Goshen General Hospital, and was i year, he was U. S. delegate to the In tion Board. Mr. Eagles is survived by 
member of the Masonic Lodge, the Lion ternational Conference on Civil Aeronau his wife and four children 
Club, the Shrine Club and the Elks Lodge tics in Washington. In the same year 
He was also ; in y Scout work, he became president of Aeronautical Gene B. Landes 


i} } 1 
and a ’ dent of © Chamber Industries, Ine., an investment trust, 
Gene B. Landes, one of the origina 


group with the Union Carbide and Carbo 
Corp. when that company was formed 

1917, died on October 8&8 in the New 
Rochelle Hospital, New Rochelle, N. ¥ 
He was 69 years old. Mr. Landes was 
born in Keosauqua, Iowa and attended 
lowa State College, receiving a master ot 


of Commerce and was elected president ot the 
Acronautical Chamber of Commerce of 
Fred E. Fenstemaker \merica 

Among honors conferred on Mr 

Fred FE. Fenstemaker, superintendent Gardner were Honorary Fellow of the 
of the Oakland, Calit., plant of the Royal Aeronautical Society of Britain 
Mansfield ‘Tire & Rubber Co., died on and Honorary Doctor of Laws, given 
November 10 after a long illne Jorn by the Polytechnic Institute of Brook 
on October 30, 1888, Mr, Fenstemaker lyn in 1944. He was also a Fellow of 
started his career in the rubber industry the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences, 
in 1912 with the Mason Tire and Rubber the society he founded in 1932, and a 
Co, Later he was associated with member of the American Society of 


engineering degree in 1910. After working 
for the lowa Telephone Co., he went t 
Chicago with the People’s Gas, Light and 
Coke Co., a key unit in the former Samuel 
Pennsylvania Rubber, Goodrich and \fechanical Engineers Insull utilities empire ‘When Union Car 
Armstrong. He joined Mansfield ‘Tire bide was formed out of the Insull proper 
and became plant superintendent at cans ties, Mr. Landes went with the new corpo 
Oakland in 1952. Besides his experience H. Donald Glass ration as a mechanical engineer. In Marc! 
in all phase ot tire manutacturing, M1 | td » 1954. when Mr. Landes retired, he was 
Jonz Gi: ’ ler executive : , . 

. J sal poet oer Sneces vice-president of the Carbide and Carbon 
of Seiberling Latex Products Co., died te ‘igae sg 

N i ; Chemicals Co., a division of Union Car 
on November ( at us residence in 1 
—— Mes — bide. He was awarded the Marston Meda 
Akron after a lingering illness. He was : ' ur ‘ 
pipe ld Mr. Gl Peseindeoe for pre-eminent achievement in engineer 
») cal ¢ asS was 10 erly . . cc 

 hestctsla ich , ing by lowa State College in 1955 


William B. Wingert vice-president and sales manager of 


William B. Wingert, vice-president of Seiberling Latex and more recently was ° 
the Semet-Solvay Division of the Allied general manager of its plant in New John W. Billes 
Chemical and Dye Corp., New York, N. Y., | Bremen, Ohio. At the time of his death, John William Billes, president of the 
died on November 14 in the White Plains he was with Rubber Associates, Inc., in| Canadian Tire Corp., died at Toront 
Hospital, White Plains, N. Y. He was Akron. He was a member of the Congress on November 16 after a short illness 
55 vears old. Surviving are his wife, a Lake Country Club. Mr. Glass is survived He was 60 years old. He is survived by 
by his wife. his wife, two sons and a daughter 


Fenstemaker spent considerable time in 
industrial relations and = engineering, 


production planning and costing 


son and a daughtet 


RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1954 











SUN OIL COMPANY GIVES 





TO THE RUBBER INDUSTRY 


CIRCOSOL-2XH 
e 
in SUNDEX-53 
CiIRCO LIGHT RUBBER PROCESS AID 


Sun’s Rubber Process Aids are known the world over for their valuable 
assistance to the rubber compounder. 


These products are available both nationally and internationally at mod- 
erate prices. 


To learn more about using Sun Rubber Process Aids to get better physi- 
cals, lower costs, and easier processing, see your Sun representative. Or 
write for free literature to SUN OIL COMPANY, Phila. 3, Pa., Dept. RA-12. 


FREE TECHNICAL BULLETINS 
Li An Ozonator for Accelerated Testing of Rub 
ber (Bulletin 36); A Method for Classifying 
» << Oils Used in Oil-Extended Rubbers; Circosol 
2XH, Sundex-53 (Bulletin 14); Processing 
Natural Rubber and Synthetic Polymers 
——_ Sundex-41; Sundex-53 (Bulletin 18); Sunoco 
Anti-Chek (Bulletin 30) 


INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT 


i] SUN OIL COMPANY PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 
IN CANADA: SUN OIL COMPANY, LTD., TORONTO AND MONTREAL 


R AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 7 








Robert W. Lea 


thie I ihle ( I 
A t ‘ 
i cw } (it H 40 ye old 
(¢ lea if V oxy ‘ A 
' atte ( y] ( eT { 
the [ly ‘ ’ ‘ 

1907 ( raduat Y r 
Ot hele Co C] J 91] ( 
became C ‘ lent of the { P| 
(a where ‘ ure i if¢ (er 
Hugh later Na hee ¢ 
Admini i Durin Norld V | ( 
rose t U aANK ¢ col ( , 
ta} a tne pur ‘ nd I 
bu drawn transportation, At 
thie ] ‘ ‘ P ‘ ‘ 
Motor ( ind later the Moline It 
ple ent ¢ | 1929 e beca r nt 


i j e return i i 
[M t istrial | e (Cor 
tinenta iti nal Ih ! l | I 
( 

W ( f Ie \ Va I ed { | 
Lea f Va (+ 
Johnson, f leput ind late " i 

lant ad itor. He re ed 1934 
md = be mie resident ! ‘ H nd 
| ber ( | t i ciated ri 
in San | In 1937 e lett ‘ 

me pre ent and general inayer 
West Vi i Coal and ¢ Cor] I 
Cincinn Col. Lea joimed Johns-M 

He in 1949 e-presidet ! ’ ‘ 
ind lected a director 1940, |i 
Jantar 1946 e wa uned ecutive 
1ce- pre el ind i electe pre lent 
I epote 1 ! that ear. THe eli j hed 
thie [) 5] if the age ot 6 ( 
cordance r pan etirement 
pl \t ( ( ( a | | ( cT 

the [dk e, Lach vanna and Wester 
Ka ul 4 i direct ( i! 

a (\ (Oke the ¢ ‘ I 
Cor { t il Picture ( | l 
() | later 1 ( { lea 
be ine U ( ! e | ‘ e \ 

et ( lustre el 

" p ‘ rvaniz lle i 

il i it ed ‘ 
\ i ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ if? {) 
M ‘ ‘ Cor ire 
] ‘ i 


Lela | epherd, manage é 


RUBBER AGE 


Use the coupon 


Another 
needed in 
on page 57; 


copy of 


your ofhce? 





YOUR GIFT TO THE HUNGRY: 


ied 








22 Ibs. of U.S. surplus 
to the needy overseas 


Mall your contributions to — 
FOOD CRUSADE : CARE-NEW YORK | 











Robert J. Himmelright 
Robert J 


chairman 


Himmelright, president and 
ot the board of Monarch 
Zubber Co., Hartville, Ohio, died on 
November 23 at his 
Lake, Ohio, following a 
He was 58 years old. A native of Piqua, 
Ohio, Mr. Himmelright attended Miami 
University at Oxford, Ohio, graduating 


in 1920 became 


home in Congress 


short illness 


an instruct 


University of Il 


Later, he 
in accounting at the 
1921, he went to Canton to 
Him 
melright, in the management of the 
Rubber Co. When Monarch 
1926, he became it 
treasurer, a position he held until 1947 
After his death in 1940, M1 


Himmelright was elected president and 


linois. In 


help his brother, the |] 


late Paul G 


Monarch 
was reorganized in 


brother’ 


general manager of the company and 
in 1947 he became president and chair 
man of the board. Mr. Himmelright had 
been a member of the National Manu 
facturers Association, Rubber Manu 
facture Association and the American 
Heretord Association as well a everal 
civic and social organization He is 
urvived by his wife, two sons and a 
laughite 
R. O. Shaw 

x, ©, Shas joint managin lirector 
f Francis Shaw & Co., Ltd., Manchester, 


england, died on October 19 as the result 
an automobile accident. He was 4/7 ears 
erved his engineering 
yprenticeship with Messrs. H. W 
& Ci | td., Broadheath, 
Shaw & Co. in 1928 as 

Mave! He Was app 
lirector in 1954 and 1 
Shaw (Canada), Ltd., 


Shaw eave 


Kearns 
and pyoine | Fran ] 
assistant work 
inted joint managin 
unded a subsidiar 
pany, Francis 


Ontario. Mr 


wife and two dau 


at Burlington, 


Goodricl Aviation Products 


Akron, Ohio, has announced that light 
weight seals of rubber, reinforced wit! 
nylon fabric that inflates without stretch 


ing, are now standard equipment on the 
pilots’ canopies of more than two dozen 


makes and models 


fighters and bombers 


Maurice A. Knight 
Maurice A. “Mose” Knight, founder « 


{f chemical stoneware compan 
Rubber Cit 
headed by | 
brother, died unexpectedly at his home i 
Akron, Ohio, on November 10. He was 
73 years old. Mr. Knight was born ir 
Tidioute, near Oil City, Penna, and : 
a child moved to Akron with his parents 
He studied 


neering at Spicer School, 


the acidpro¢ 
bearing his name and the 


Sand and Gravel Co., now 


chemistry and chemical eng 
3uchtel Academ 
became interested in clay an 
After his 
experiments wit 


years later, Mr 


where he 
clay products 
1906, he continued his 
these materials. A few 
Knight established a small business of 


butter crocks, cider 


graduatior 


¢ 
1 


1 


own where 
and other glazed pottery units were manu 
factured At this he de veloped 

chemical long after 


wards, he was 


container 


time, 
toneware and not 
shipping acidproof stone 
Durir 


entered sey 


ware to all parts of the world 
World War II, Mr. Knight 
eral allied fields and diversified his manu 
include resins and 
steel. He 
until a few weeks ag 
declined. Mr. Knight was 

member of the American Chemical 5S 

American Institute of Chemical E1 
American Electric Chemical S 

ciety, American Ceramic Society, Chemists 
Club of New York i 


social organizations 


facturing to plastics, 


rubber-lined remained active 


his business wher 


his health 


ciety, 


gineers, 


and many civic at 
His wife, three daug 
ters and two sons survive 


Fritz Hofmann 


Dr. Fritz Hofmann, who invented sy 
thetic rubber, first known as “Buna”, 
1909, Hanover, 


died in (;ermany or 


October 31, four days before his 90t! 
birthday. Although Dr. Hofmann an 
several associates began experimenting 


of making synthetic rub 
1906, the 


with the means 
ber from coal in Germany in 
sO produce 


cost f the first rubber 


three vears later, was prohibitive Ever 
in 1926, when the first formal announce 


ment of his discovery was made at the 
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Bresla 
it was admitted that “rubber-from-coa 


1S till trictly on a laboratory 


However, German industrialists were 
problem of 
Americar 


were look 


that time studying the 
mercializing it profitably, and 
(,overnment representatives 


ing into it. The Berlin Chemical Labora 


tory for ‘Trade was active then in de 
veloping the proce which Dr. Hot 
mann described in the United States 


second international Bitumi 
Pittsburgh It 


1928 at the 


nous (onterence in 
November, 1928, Dr. Hofman: 
paper on the processes used in 8) 


rubber before t! 


Terence 


manutacture 
delegates at the Carnegie 
Though Dr 


tute of Technology 
mann was offered the Nobel Pr 
his invention, he declined ord 
the 

NAZI 


Northrop Aircraft, Inc., has de. 


almost 


a quick, easy and 


uarantee of top performance hig 
pedance circuit n the Snark 
missile through the use 
RTV” 

RUBBER A ME 




















ENJAY BUTYL 
“LOAD CUSHION” 


replaces stee/ springs in big Tractor Trailers 


The unique design of the “load cushion” aceounts for 





smooth, even rides in the full range of loads, empty to 
full. Enjay Butyl Rubber (in red) made it possible 


The “‘load cushion”’ is an important innovation in tandem suspension. Devel- 
oped by the Hendrickson Mfg. Company, it is made of Enjay Butyl and 
replaces steel leaf springs. Utilizing the great strength and impact resistance 
of Enjay Butyl, the ‘‘load cushion” gives the ultimate in a soft, easy ride 
within the complete range of loading, from empty to full. Besides giving a 
smoother, steadier ride, it increases tire mileage, reduces weight and signifi- 
cantly reduces wear and tear on equipment. 


Enjay Butyl has proved to be the answer to problems in many fields of 
industry. It may well be able to cut costs and improve the performance 
of your product. Low-priced and immediately available, Enjay Butyl may 
be obtained in non-staining grades for white and light-colored applications. B U T y [ 
- Get all the facts by contacting the Enjay Company. Complete laboratory 
facilities and technical assistance are at your service. 





Enjay Buty] is the super-durable rubber 


° . ‘ P ; it tstandi ~sistance to agi . 
Pioneer in Petrochemicals Wan cnlelancing recmtanee 18 Seng 

abrasion « tear « chipping « cracking + 

ENJAY COMPANY, INC., 15 West Sist Street, New York 19, N.Y. ozone and corona + chemicals + gases 
Akron « Boston + Chicago + Los Angeles + New Orleans + Tulsa * heat « cold «+ sunlight + moisture. 











| 
| 
[ 


: 








Industrial 
4! Textiles 


DEPENDABLE such as: 
TIRE FABRICS 
SOURCE § HOSE AND BELT DUCKS 
CHAFERS 
OF LAUNDRY TEXTILES 
SEWING TWINES 
CORDAGE 





M I k hip | bee cupray VARNS 
Meticulous workmans up has na 
tradition at Brockton Cutting Die A COATING FABRICS 
for three generations. That's why } SHEETINGS 
rubber manufacturers turn to us toe, € 
for quality dies of all kinds .. . VAN , ofeat 
| for dies that really retain their cut- Ty] f MASTON other available facilities: 
ting edge. Our experience and 7 
: facilities enable us to turn out a Si y) BLEACHING 
cutting die for every type of c abfiicc DYEING 


service. ak FINISHING 
SEWING 


We solicit your inquiries 


THOMASTON MILLS 


THOMASTON + GEORGIA 
NEW YORK OFFICE: 40 WORTH STREET 
Phone: WOrth 2-6730 


Send your blueprint today for 
prompt quotation. 





AVON, MASS. 





DISPERSIONS OF RUBBER CHEMICALS 
for 
NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC LATEX COMPOUNDING 


aco WULCARITES 
lpnopucts | 





indivi ite ball-milled dis- 
. ARITE" denotes individual or compos! 
Brie of zinc oxide, sulfur, antioxidants and accelerators. 


“VULCARITE" also signifies the most exacting and rigid 
quality control according to your specifications. 
he 


Distributors for Firestone Liberian Latex 


Our sales and technical staffs are at your disposal. 





: a et af ai hy “oe sete te + 3 Cee Stee a er ete age 
WEST COAST , 
UN ALCO OIL & CHEMICAL CORP. RERRRREem 
e Alco Oil & Chemical Co p 


H. M. Royal, Ine : 
ya 610 Industrial Trust Build ng 


eerie eee Trenton Ave. and William St., Philadelphia 34, Pa. Providence 3, RI. 


os Afr 


igelies 5 Ca 
uetenetatatibches PHONE: GArfleld 5-062! 


Phone: Elmhur 











; Naugatuck PARACRIL 





. The oil-resistant nitrile rubber 














“We can’t be sure just what kind of oil or other hydraulic fluid will be in 


contact with our hydraulic hose liners, pressure seals and accumulator bladders, 
so we use the rubber we know will resist ’em all!” That was the reply 


when one manufacturer of rubber products was asked about his choice of 


~ . the rubber ParacriL™ for rubber hydraulic specialties. 


“In addition, ParacriL gives us the low-temperature flexibility and other 
we know will properties needed to meet government specs. The broad range of Paracrit types 
enables us to achieve, at low cost, almost any combination of oil resistance and 
required physicals. We also use Paracrit for lining our gasoline, fuel oil and liquid 


petroleum gas hose because of its superior resistance to aromatic hydrocarbons.” 


"'e rr all grr Whenever softening or swelling of rubber in contact with oil may decrease 


efficiency or shorten service life, designers and users alike will do well to specify 
PARACRIL. Extensive literature on PARACRIL nitrile rubber is now available 
Write us the exact nature of your interest in oil- and grease-resistant rubber and 


we'll gladly send you, without cost, the pertinent technical bulletins 





mur} Division of United States Rubber Company 
Naugatuck, Connecticut 


IN CANADA: NAUGATUCK CHEMICALS DIVISION © Dominion Rubber Company, Limited, Elmira, 
Ontario * Rubber Chemicais « Synthetic Rubber ¢ Plastics * Agricultural Chemicals « 
Reclaimed Rubber « Latices * Cable Address: Rubexport, N.Y 














PROCESSORS 


of 


NYLON-RAYON 


and 


OTHER FABRICS 
All Widths and Weights 


with 


RESORCINOL FORMALDEHYDE LATEX 
Compounds 


also 


CAPITOL LINER PROCESS 


RFL COMPOUNDS 
FOR YOUR OWN DIPPING 


TEXTILE PROOFERS INC. 
Jersey City 5, N. J. 


“A QUARTER OF A CENTURY EXPERIENCE” 









Overseas 


by Comtel-Reuter 





London—According to the Board of Trade, the Brit 
ish Government will consult with the Malayan Govern 
ment before arranging its import program for syn 
thetic rubber. The program for 1957 imports, total 
ling 87,000 tons, was discussed with Malaya before it 
was announced, the Board stated. Thus, the same 
procedure would be followed before the 1958 program 
was announced 





Dacca (Kast l’akistan)—Test tapping of rubber trees 
at Baramashia, about 12 miles from Dacca, have 
proved most favorable, current reports state. The 
trees were planted experimentally with Malayan seed 
about four years ago 


Bonn—-\est German manufacturers of rubber goods 
do not believe that they will have to rely on higher 
imports of U. S. synthetic rubber to offset temporary 
raw material shortages caused by the Suez crisis 
The Association of the West German Rubber Indus 
try and some prominent West German rubber firms 
said that supplies of rubber raw materials were good 
and that the position was not expected to deteriorate 
in the near future 


Madrid— Dunlop tires are to be produced in Spain 
by the Fabricacion Espanola de Neumaticos Dunlop, 
a new company formed jointly by Dunlop Rubber 
and the Sociedad [berica de Gomas y Amiantos S. A 
\ new plant is to be constructed at Bilba and pro 
duction 1s expected to start in about 18 months. It is 
hoped that eventually the daily average production 
will reach 600 units. According to unconfirmed re 
ports, the new company will have a capital of 120, 
(00,000 pesetas 


Hanover——The proportion of synthetic rubber proc 

essed by the West German rubber industry rose from 
about 15% of the total rubber consumption in 1955 to 
more than 22% in the first nine months of 1956. Last 
year’s rubber consumption amounted to about 24,215 
tons of synthetic rubber. From January 1 to Septem 

ber 30 this year, the industry used about 25,400 tons 
ol synthetic 


Milan The state of Italian natural rubber stocks 
should not give any rise to alarm for the time being, 
according to Italian sources Although it is thought 
that in the near future Italian purchases of U.S. syn 
thetic rubber must increase, it 1s the consensus that 
this increase will not reach considerable proportions 
Stocks of natural rubber are estimated to be sufficient 
for a month and one-half to two months. 


London—The british Tyre and Rubber Co., Ltd., is 
planning to expand its operations at Leyland in Lan 
cashire and has bought a 32-acre site at neighboring 
Farington, Plants for several of the company’s spe 
cialized industrial rubber products will be built on the 
new site and are expected to be in operation early in 
1958. The first stage of the new development will 
cost approximately £2,000,000 



























CUTTE 


This new low cost cut 
ter will ethciently 
stock up to 3” thick and 


” wide Available in 


i4 
several models with dif 
ferent blade lengths. Cut 
ter has an open end il 
lowing simplified opera 


tion, and is so constructed 





that stock ts easily placed 
under the cutting blade. Requires little effort, delivers 
high power and accuracy Ideal for rubber, vinyl 


leather paper, ete 


FAST EASY ACCURATE 


SUPERIOR also makes a low-cost Splicing Vulcanizetr 


th a wide temperature range for splicing gaskets, et 


Write today for information on SUPERIOR 





Cutters and Vulcanize 


SUPERIOR MANUFACTURING CO. 
Chicago Street Painesville, Ohio 








LEADERS IN THE FIELD 
For 
RESEARCH and 
MANUFACTURING 
DEPENDABILITY 





NOW you can get chemically 
clean aluminum molds like this in 


just a few minutes! 


If you are struggling along with one-at-a 
time manual cleaning or expensive pres 
sure blasting . . . if your chemical process 
is only half cleaning . . . if the “down 
time” of cleaning is killing your production 


schedule. . . 


It's time to learn more about TEXO 
#3068, the product that completely re 
moves most carbonized rubber and syn 
thetic soils in less than ten minutes, with 
out damage to the aluminum, 





For complete details and a 


demonstration, write to 


THE STAMFORD RUBBER SUPPLY COMPANY, STAMFORD, CONN. 

















Impro ved Pe rfo rmance 


for Neoprene 
Compounding 


e Better Curing 
e Better Physicals 


GENMAG MLW 


Ma gnesium Oxide 


Bulk Density 18-22 Lbs. 
Moisture Nil 

MGO (ignited Basis) 97.9% 
Chlorides Nil 
.0003% 
Moderate 


Manganese 
Activity 


General Magnesite 


& MAGNES/A COMPANY 


P. O. Box 671 - Norristown, Pa. 


OVERSEAS (CONT’D) 


Kuala Lumpur—Replanting is the most effective 
way of improving the competitive position of Ma 
laya’s rubber industry, according to the Malayan 
Minister of Commerce. Presenting the budget for 
1957 in the Federal Legislative Council, the Minister 
stated that Malaya’s economy depends and will con 
tinue to depend for many years very largely on the 
fortunes of the rubber industry. He observed that 
the synthetic rubber industry presently supplies 
tbout 38% of the world’s needs for new rubber 
Paris—No sharp increase in French consum] 

LS. svnthetr rubber is expected to follow d 
natural rubber arrivals caused by the Suez 
l'rench trade quarters report French stock 

iral rubber are believed to be. sufficient 

While no rush ha 
heen reported to place orders in the U.S., it |} 

learned that the linance Ministry has Mate 
able a dollar allo 


normal needs until January 


ation for this purpose 
. 
Trade Commiss 
irrently on a tour of Malaya, has 
Singapore rubber traders that they need 


Singapore The Malayan 
ritain 
ompetition from synthetic rubber in_ the 
Kingdom market. He said that Britain uses 
mall quantity of synthetic rubber a year 
centage negligible compared with the 
and it is unhkely to affect the market of natural 
rubber, he stated 

Birmingham— John H. lord, executive director of 
the Dunlop Rubber Co., states that the British rubber 
industry is now spending “relatively much larger 
sums” than before on the development of synthetic 
materials. He said British industry in the past had 
tended to lag behind in exploiting new materials, 
products and processes which had been invented in 
Britain 

Hong Kong-——A Chinese mission was scheduled to 
arrive in Colombo, Ceylon, early in December to 
review the rubber-rice agreement between the two 
countries 

Kuala Lumpur—The National Union of Plantati 
Workers with 320,000 members, has announced that 
it will negotiate with employers for a wage structure 
which is not pegged to the price of rubber Phe 
union said it will ask for a wage based on the need 
of a worke re his wite and at least three chil 
London—Du Pont Co. (United Kingdom), | 

taken options on a 38l-acre site near Londonderry, 


Northern Ireland, for a prospective neoprene plant 


The company contemplates starting construction 
early in 1957, assuming the successful completion ot 
engineering and economic studies now under wat 

° 
Kuala Lumpur——A member of the Mala 
Commission which visited Red China recent! 
stated that the Chinese Peoples Republ 
position to stabilize the world rubber 
trade with her 1s allowed to develop norm 
the next two vears He said that China w 
quire 150.000 tons of rubber next year as } 
ly 


port industry has developed “unbelievab 





a. POLYSAR can increase the 


competitive values of your products. 











h ; 

Because Polysar’s quality, uni- 
formity and customer service enable 
you to raise product standards and 
cut production costs. From a wide 
variety of Polysar types, you can 
choose the one best suited to your 
technical needs. 

Polysar is available in the following types: 
@ General Purpose 
© Special Purpose 
@ Latices 
@ Oil-resistant 
@ Butyl 
Forddetailed information about Polysar rubbers, write to our Sales and 
Technical Division, Sarnia, Canada, or to our U.S.A. distributor, 
H. Muehlstein & Co., Inc., New York City. 
Here’s the po_ysArR combination 
for Floor Tile 
Polysar 55-250 and Polysar Krylene NS 
together provide the ideal basis for floor tile 
compounds. These two Polysar rubbers are 
the whitest Polymers available .. . are 
non-staining and non-discolouring. 
They permit easy dispersion of 
pigment and short mixing cycles. 
Polysar rubbers have improved 
floor tile—they can improve 
your products, too. 
POLYMER CORPORATION LIMITED 
ee. recisrento val Sarnia *« Canada 
RADE MARK 
<j Distributors in 28 Countries Around the World 








RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER, 1956 545 








REDUCE YOUR 


plasticizer 


COSTS 


in low temperaturs 
compounds with 


ECONOMICAL, EFFICIENT 





Priced under 35¢ per Ib., Flexricin P-4 combines low 
equivalent to the more 


lasticizers. By impart 


cost with a performance full 


commonly used higher priced | 


ing outstanding flexibilit it temperatures as low as 


80°F, minimum swell in oils and aromatic fuels 
marked ozone resistance ind excellent recovery on 
low temp rature compre ion et Flexricin P-4 is 


the lowe {t cost pla ti er that can be successfully 


used in low temperature tock mecting specifications 
such as MIL-R-6855. Join the many satisfied users 
who have found Flexricin P-4 the iv to reduce plas 


ticizer costs without sacrificin performance 


hor mpl and | Looking fo 
literature of these and | PROCESSING AIDS 
other Baker products | that impart oil and solvent resistance? 
for the rubber industry | USE 
write 


POLYCIN® for general milling 
CASTORWAX" for extrusion 


| ind molding 


\ — — 





Dept. RA-126, 120 Broadway, New York 5, N. Y. 





CASTOR OIL COMPANY 








CID Inflated Portable Warehouse 


\irhouse portable warehouse entirely 
by air and large enough to hold two million pe 
packaged goods has been ar eloped by the | 
Co., 1230 Avenue of Americas, New York 2 
for Calumet Industrial District of Chicago, | 
metal no! ooden supports are necessary to 
shaped building stabli 
th 


\ ill and root of the dome 


of “‘Fiberthin an extremely tough, pape 








wether and sealed with a viny] 


} | 


extending around the base of the building and ancl 


t down, is a Fiberthin tube, 15 inches in dia 


23. 000 pounds ot water. 
lo erect it, the building 
round \ir tro " compressor or blowet1 


first spread out flat 


into the structure at controlled, low pressur 
bulges the building upward and outward, ten 


‘| he ent 


ing the Fiberthin walls and roof taut 


; tl } 
( . he co pany ay akes three men about one 


tructure colored to permit 
80 feet long, 40 feet wid 
high, contain 64,000 cubic feet of storage space 


to complete he 


try of sunlight If 


ibout 400 pounds and folds into a package ot 


long by hree feet wide Che new portabli 
vhich costs about $2000, will be made, leased 

through CID), who plans to offer it to industry 

plete engineerin ervice package Phe compal 
( I nd ua Lee aintenance and subsequ 
oval, usin n trucks and crew 


Thermoid Hi-Capacity V-Belt 


Phe 1 ( 200 Whitehead Road, Trentor 
has introduced a new “Powerflex Hi-Capacity 
designed for reased power transmission wit 
mum of iintenance on multi-V-belt installatic 
new belt iid to have up to 40% more strengt! 
standard belts, thus reducing the possibility of 
ure \ccording to the company, lower driv 


be achieved by the use of Powerflex, since f¢ 


and narrower sheaves are required to handk 
Bearing life ncreased because of ightet we 
lower stress The Powertlex Hi-Capacity \ 
be furnished th static conducting covers 
ection belts are manufactured with nylon laminate 
ruction and C, D, and E sections are of hea 
gromunet construction rhe belt available in 
ird Size ind feature special oil resistant 


' 2 
proiong iy 


iLIny 
oring 
| 

a] 
Hie 

f 
1 
{l 
vhich 
ep 
1) (> 

i 

oul 
I 
1) teet 
ohs 
feet 
ling, 
id 

n 


1 
1 he 
Nal 
- ] 

ill 
velts 











i \40225 


Fisher Neoprene Flask Supports everybody talks 


| produced 


Flash supports omposed Oo! neoprene ind | 


pecifically to hold hot round-bottom flasks, have been 
announced by the Fisher Scientific Co., 717 Forbes St., 
Pittsburgh 19, Penna The new flask supports, Fishet 
states, have several advantages They have an outstand 
nely long life, unlike traditional cork. even atte pro 
| to heat. storage problen ire elimi 


onged exposure 


these pure light red iron oxides 
by WILLIAMS assure it! 


R-1599 R-2199 R-2899 





They represent the ultimate in red iron 
oxide colors for the rubber industry. 


Williams iron oxides come to you with 
all the benefits of our 75 years in the pig- 
ment business ... and as a result of our 
experience in producing pure red iron 
oxides to specifications of the leading 
rubber companies. 

_— mA pre h : nin on oh ee ae rest a a ae Each is manufactured sd rigid specifi- 
inder it. The rings will not slip on either w cations for copper and manganese con- 
bench tops. Neoprene rings are durablk tent, pH value, soluble salts, fineness, 
crack, spl W color, tint and strength by controlled 
ind have shock resistant qualities that make the ring processes and with special equipment. 
deal when stirrers or vibrators are used with the flas| The result is absolute uniformity of product. 





they wont 


lit o1 crumble, even when tossed int 


I he ring have 5-inch diameter ire beveled to hold 

either a 250-ml. or 500-ml. flask. They also offer tip If you haven't already done so, try these 
proot insurance for large (up to 385-ml.) evaporating finest of all iron oxide colors. Your own 
tai tests will show there is no equal for 


Williams experience. 


Rope-Like Hot Melt Adhesives 















United Shoe Machinery Corp., 140 Federal Street 
Boston 7, Ma has announced a new rope e hot-me LET WILLIAMS PUT THE MICROSCOPE 
id] Na d “Thermogerip”. this ce ihe r 

emia : y anaes Vhermogrip”, hi 1G) ~ ON Your coror PROBLEM 

adrv LOOG —() | thermopla ti adhe e tha Ip 

plied in a continuous cord-like form In th co torn 4 : Whatever your color problem, bring it to 
, ; : . Williams. Our 75-year experience can 
f cement can | f er rte [ cator that 

at nen an o , IMO al pp } +) CU  . e e 
elt feed and ipple the ement (On aches in proper color formulation 
umount of cement is subjected to heat 1 

ord ng to the company the ily inftave OT r nogrip Address Dept. 8, 

ire: the short heat ng period py ! use i C. K. Williams & Co., Easton, Pa. 
of raw materials n ort lating « tive dhe ‘ 

FY eee, ee ry IRON OXIDES + CHROMIUM OXIDES 
ct ent 1s reas to use vnen received : 1 TENDER PIGMENTS 

lit f nillag ' ] hing 1 | | nal f a 
(ile tO Spillape O plas lity tVvolder ind 

nitorn ement requiring | uper 

bonding ivent United Shoe also pro cle in p 

device for straight line gluing. This applicat« 
attached to existing packaging or film and ] oe 

erting n ichines Lo replace conventional I COLORS & PIGMENTS 


Thermogrip \pplicator, Model A de Loned De I - 
for tl lled elting and Cc. K. WILLIAMS & CO. 
EASTON, PA. © EAST ST. LOUIS, TLL, © EMERYVILLE, CALIF, 


or the continuous and controlled feeding 


of cord-like, Thermogrip adhe 


D1 
t})} ) 





Modify flexibility of latices 


with MONSANTO 
STYRENE EMULSIONS 


and erase one mixing step 


What distinguishes the Monsanto 
specially formulated styrene emul- 
sions is their optimum particle size. 
That’s why you can combine these 
emulsions with your latices (syn- 
thetic or natural) at the same time 
that pigments and fillers are added. 
There’s no extra mixing step. 
Monsanto styrene emulsions also 
allow complete control of the rub- 
ber-to-styrene ratios you pre-deter- 
mine. You'll find them easier to use 
in modifying the flexibility charac- 
teristics of the basic compounds 
used in the manufacture of many 
products—including baby pants, 
surgical gloves, adhesives, rain- 
coats, girdles, foam rubber, uphol- 
stery fabrics and rug underlays. 


ONS 


Write for prices, data sheets and 
laboratory samples, to Monsanto 
Chemical Company, Plastics Divi- 
sion, Room 953, Springfield 2, Mass. 


NEW GOODS ' (CONT’D) 


Steve Nagy Bowling Grip 


Bair Products Co., Inc., 9607 Clinton Road, Cleve 
land, Ohio, has introduced a new plastic bowling grip 
called the Steve Nagy The heart shaped, red 
knurled finger-grip, designed to be used in the middle 


Ke 
Grip” 


finger hole of the bowling ball, is cast from a specially 
developed plastisol formulation based on Geon resin 121, 
\ number of circular ridges and a raised section help im 


‘| he cle Vice 


prove lift and increase control of the balls. 


is backed with a special adhesive which is moistened and 
pressed into place in the finger hole. According to the 
company, the product demonstrates good abrasion prop 
resistant to deterioration by body oils and re 


erties, 1s 
It is currently be 


mains permanently soft and flexible. 
ing marketed nationally by the Brunswick-Balke-Col 
lander Co The photograph above shows Mr. Nagy, 
famed A. B. C. bowler, demonstrating how the new grip 
is placed into position in the finger hole of the bowling 


ball 


Rubber-Bellows Air Spring 


A rubber-bellows air spring that can be mounted on 
an automobile like a tubeless tire has been announced 
by research engineers of the Goodyear Tire & Rubbet 
Co., Akron, Ohio. The engineers have utilized rim-like 
metal plates on car axle and frame and integral wire 
beads molded in the ends of the air bellows, allowing 
the new air spring to be snapped into place quickly and 
The self-sealing air spring also 
eliminates the cost of “building in” a bolt plate on car 
and axles and a corresponding flange on air 
springs. By eliminating flanges on the air spring, re 
placement costs are cut and installation time 1s 
shortened, the company claims. 

Air spring systems on passenger cars are self-leveling. 
Automatic air pressure control keeps the car at the same 
level whether it is carrying one passenger or six with a 
trunkful of luggage. This principle provides more effi- 
cient utilization of suspension travel, more accurate steer 
ing and greater ease in handling. Car headlights can |} 
aimed more accurately and the beam once set remains 
constant. Softer, more comfortable springing is possible 
made in car height due 


sealed by air pressure. 


frame 


also 


i 


because no allowance need be 
to changing load. 
DECEMBER 


gc 
1956 


RUBBER AGE 





COPO 


means pioneering in cold rubber. 


uniformity - good service - high quality - well-packaged 





Wider range of high-strength yarns 
and fibers than any other brand 


American Viscose Corporation, the nation’s largest Here are a few of the hundreds of applications of 
producer of rayon, manufactures a wider range of AVISCO rayon that make industrial products stronger, 


high-strength yarns and fibers than any other company. more versatile, longer lasting: 


Rayon chafer fabric woven frot ol Garden hose — rubber or plastie — rein Automobile heater and radiator hose 
tinuous filament Rayflex yarn or hig forced with either knit or braided rayon reinforced with knitted high-strength 


trength Viscose 32-A stapl tire yarn for high strength, durability tire yarn 


fabric Conveyor belt reinforced with Supet Heavy-duty power transmission belt 


Spiral-wrapped hose made from fabri 
woven from Viscose 32-A high-strength Kayflex rayon in cord or duck construe with multiple plies of Super Rayflex for 
taple. Wide range of uses wherever tion. Also made with fabric of Viscose maximum strength and high operating 


high bursting strength is required 32-A high-strength rayon staple. efhiciency. 


We would 
. be happy to 
ce eeeeeres | discuss with 
errr yr: [~ you how you 
<p onekhe es *nee can use AVISCO 
/ rayon to 
strengthen your 


business. 


tS ihe. cea 
American Viscose Corporation AVISCO is the trademark 
350 Fifth Avenue of American Viscose Corporation 
New York 1, N.Y. 


V-belt. constructed of layers of tire 


fabric or individual cord 





NEW GOODS (CONT'D) 
RUBBER COMPOUNDERS: Do you know you can 


( pre 4 iets tron | Ing Ost Lolel 
s, called “Save allet”’ |] been intr 
Scully Rubber Mfg ( 


Street, Baltimore, Md. It consi 


leas wae eo pony Tie $ 1200” 
i up to | 


per carload 
on resin costs 


with PANAREZ 
HYDROCARBON RESINS | 


If you compound rubber lou cost PANAREZ 
hydrocarbon resins offer definite advantages. These 
softeners are available in any color from Barrett No 
1 to 18, and softening point trom 10°F. to 300°1 


sets thi idiaeee project at ; le trom cach rubbe: Ihey are supplied in flaked or solid form. Immedi 
Vanes collapse ivainsl 1 wallet when in rie Le ate delivery. 
por ket and expand against the pocket, 


wallet firmly in place For withdrawal, t 


compressed with the fingers and thumb Compounds containing 


ment, that will stick to leather and plasti 


srowidud with cack sacmeue ok Bane Wales | PANAREZ RESINS 
show these characteristics: 
Ohio Art Soft Vinyl Toys Improved color and color stability 


Bryan, Ohio, has introduced a new line Improved extrudability 
in assorted colors, ranging from trucl Improved flex-erack performance 
Improved abrasion resistance 
ind metal tovs varnished with non-rust Improved ozone resistance 
Sis tad Gatlin Temenaaalinind witli Meeenia niall Improved tear resistance 


Art produces an entire line of farm an Improved tensile strength and elongation 


he company specializes in the produ 


ible in set ndividual piece 
Featured is a thirty-three piece No change in compounding technique is required 
| 
One MOTSE, vhen switching to Panarez resins 
ducl 


four lar 


lor amples and detatled infor 


Goodrich Convertapipe Hose mane. | ieee Aelia. Ma 


intended application 
4 dee ap] catic 


Industrial Products Co 


| rubber hose 


PAN AMERI N 


corn FP 


555 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK 17, N ) 


HYOROCARBON 


PANAREZ Hydroc eas oils PP cin 





For ageing tests 
free from 
rozelait-lsaliarziilela: 


Seott Testers, Inc., Aluminum Block Heat- 
ing Baths are designed to test a number 
of isolated = specimens simultaneously, 


completely free from contamination. 


SCOTT TESTER* 
MODEL LG 


With 28 separate con- 
tainers, for tempera- 
tures up to 550°F for 
Fest Tube Ageing per 
A.S.1.M. D865-541 
and Immersion Test 


A.S..M. D471- 


Request 
Literature 


SCOTT TESTER* 
MODEL LGP 


lests at elevated tem- 
peratures in pressur- 
ized air or oxygen per 
4.5. 1.M. Specifications 
0572-53 and )454-53. 


Request 
Literature 


Your Testing Problem is Our Business 


Send data on your testing problems 
and we will offer suggestions. 


57 years of experience 
at your command 


*Trademark 


SCOTT TESTERS, INC. 


85 Blackstone St., Providence, R. |. 


JOHN KLINCK 
304 West Forest Avenue 
North Augusta, S$. C. 


SCOTT TESTERS (Southern), INC 
P. O. Box 834 
Spartanburg, $. C 


Represe ntatives in Forei n Countries 


Gross Heat Transfer Insert 


\n insert for cooling rolls used in polyethylene lami 
nating has been developed by the I: Ix (aross (\Oo., Pr. YO 
Box 2044, Akron 11, Ohio. Flexible rubber ribs vul 

; 


canized to a metal drum direct the flow of the cooling 


ater and make it piral at high velocity close to the 
urface of the rolls Kasily installed inside a roll, the 
insert is said to be adaptable to slight out-of-roundness, 


Advantages ove 


velding seam etc.. for tight fit 


spray cooling are given as elimination of deposits caused 
by air and avoiding down time ordinarily needed to 
clean plug spray nozzle \djustment of the rubber spi 
rals make the water flow faster wherever it is needed 
thereby insuring more uniform cooling. Another pos 
sible application for the insert is in equipment used in 
the manufacture of synthetic rubber 


Dice Model TM Metal Detector 


\utomatic inspection of rubber and other non-metallu 
products for unwanted tramp metal particles hidden 
therein can be accomplished with the new Model TM 
Metal Detector developed by J. W. Dice Co., Engle 
wood, N. |. Materials either packaged or in bulk can 
be inspected at conveyor speeds up to 1000 fpm, The 
new detector is sensitive to both ferrous and non-fert 
tramp metal Contaminated material pa 
through the t CO Ca sa reject relay to oper 
the clectroni reli ‘ be used to 
Waltthing gong rigye mark ’ device, Ol operal 

m apertures can be made any con 
be mounted in any position to pet 


product 


tire bead expander ac 
through 12-24.5 can be oy 
ccording to the manutacturer, 
Designed for hea 
truck tires, th <pander consists of a hig 
tube, nfor the outside by 
| | um inward ex 
equipped with extra ong nylon strap and 


buckle 





NEW EQUIPMENT (CONT’D) 


Twin Compression Molding Presses 


Improved ease of operation and servicing 1! 
attained with two new 300-ton hydraulic twi 
sion molding presses, both of the 4-column 
type, made by Elmes Engineering Division, American 
Steel Foundries, Cincinnati 29, Ohio. One equipped 


1 


with left-hand control, the other with right-hand control 


and top knockouts an operate bot] presse 
\ feature ot « 


| NCASE 


(One man 
in a compact “twin’”’ installation 
is the arrangem : 

vidual metal cabinet keeps tlash and exec 


1 1 4 1 
and also locates all componen lose to the 


this way the control panel within easy 
operator ind accessibility enhance 
tenance work. Principal specifications of each pres 
include: Die space, 36 inches L-R, 30 inches I*-B ; open 
ing between platen and tophead, 44 inches: main ram 
stroke, 18 inches; 
ating speeds in inches per minute 
15; return, 131 


servicing and 


operating pressure, 2640 psi; oper 
advance, 309; pre 


Klauder Williams Polyurethane Foam Machine 


Both rigid and flexible polyurethane foams can b« 


produced with a new, simplified machine offered by 
the Klauder Williams Co., Adams Ave. and Leiper 
e, Philadelphia, Penna Che machine will be avail 
able in various capacities from large production 
models to small portable units for pattern and de 
velopment molding lhe machines are de 
that the flow of the two components is ea 
lated to produce a wide range of end re 
components are placed in separate tank 
top ot the machine and gravity f 
eliminates all problems of priming. Positi 


ment pumps driven by variable speed dri 
exact proportioning of the basic component 


With this n 


exothermic reaction takes place and 


entering the mixing head 


ing controlled foaming of the 


action 


HARDNESS 
TESTER 


for Rubber and Rubber-like 
materials. 


Dead-load hardness tester pro- 
viding @ truly accurate and 
reproducible standard for ex- 
pres:iig rubber hardness. 


* Operates on curved or izreg- 
ular surfaces or bonded articles. 


* Readings in ‘'1.$.0. Degrees"’ 
which agree very closely with 
Shore. 


* May be mounted on special 
base for direct use on rubber 
rolls. 


* Simple operation, human 


error eliminated. 


Allsiya 


TESTERS 


With 30 years of experience it jy field, TESTING 
MACHINES, Inc. now expands its score into the rubber 
field together with the H ¥ cilace Co Lid. of 
England 


instruments with a unique combination of accuracy 


bringing you these ard other advanced 


sensitivity and versatility veluable for factory 


and \iaborctory vse 


ELECTRONIC 
MICRO 
INDENTATION 
TESTERS 


Models are available for 
RUBBER, PVC, PLASTICS, 
RESINS, FILM and 
PAINT where thick 
ness, shape or 
other considera 
tions require a 
micro indentation 
4 ® Accepts any shape or size 
indentor. 
® indenting dead weight load 
from fraction of a gram to 3'4 
kilograms. 
® indentation depth measured 
in inches or millimeters to with 
in 4/10th of o micron 


Ask for detailed information on these and other instruments 


| Testinc Macuines. ic 


Manufacturers and distributors of the finest test equipment. 


123 West 64 Street, New York 23, N. Y. 





LAMINATORS 


... check with 
ERIE ENGINE & MFG. CO. 


before you buy another press 


EEMCO hydraulic 
presses are spe- 
cially built to meet 
your requirements. 
Individual pump- 
ing units, auto- 
matic cycle and 
timing controls 
optional, Shown: 
51” x 150” Lami- 
nating Press. 


REINFORCED PLASTIC MOLDERS 


«look at an ERIE ENGINE proposal 


— it may save you money! 


Fiberglass preform 
machines, roving 
cutters, ovens and 
hydraulic presses 
designed and built 
for processing re- 
inforced plastics 
to fit your specific 
needs. 


Consult EEMCO for complete plant layout... 
or single unit installation. 


ERIE ENGINE & MFG. CO. designs and builds 
a complete line of mills and hydraulic 
presses for the RUBBER, FIBERGLASS, 
PLASTICS and WOOD PRODUCTS Industries. 





= EEMCO ENGINE & MFG. CO. 


450 East 12th St., ERIE, PA. 
» 


NEW EQUIPMENT (CONT’D) 


Latymer Vacuum Forming Machines 


Both automatic and manual models of the Latymer 
icuum fort machine are available. Manufac 

engineering Co., 27A Charles St., 
Barnes, London, S.W. 13, England, the machines are 


used for bot] 


tured by LL 


icuum and drape forming, chiefly in 
the plastics field The manual model is equipped 
with a 25 » 4~-inch heater and is used for research 
and experimental work by small producers. ‘There 
are two automatic machines, the one shown in the 
accompanying picture being primarily for draping 
and having 10-inch square heater unit. It may 
also be adapted for straight vacuum forming he 


other automatic model, having a 30-inch square heater 
unit and equipped with roll feed cabinet, is used in 
production of “blister” packs, but can be adapted to 
drape forming lhe manual machine also may be 
equipped with a roll feed cabinet. ‘The process for 
which the machines are used involves softening of 
ubject material by heat application, creation of a 
acuum on the under side, and application of atmos 
pheric pressure on the upper side, forcing the sheet 
into a mold, Ixperimental work 1s being undertaken 
to determine the applicability of this process to the 


molding of rul 


ber It is said that a reverse prom edure 
would be involved, the rubber being drawn into the 
required shape by vacuum, and the heater brought 


lorwarad to cure it 


Hanna Solenoid and Master Air Valves 


series of solenoid and master air valves for 


three ind four-wa operation has been developed by 
Hanna Engineering Works, 1765 Elston Avenue, Chi 
ago 22, Illinois They are available in 4, %, ’%, % 
ind l-inch size Che firm’s Flo-Line valves control air 
cylinders and other air-operated devices. Tl eatures of 


+} \ , 1 ] 


le mi e are seals which eliminate danger from ex 
ternal grit and moisture; few moving parts; use of 
iluminum iss and stainless steel for lasting perform 
ince and easy replacement of parts. The bubble-tight 
sealed positively by O-rings and the 


1 junction box 


iluminun 
\ ilve . h ive 








Hydraulic Rubber Belt Presses 


up to the largest dimensions required 


G. Siempelkamp & Co. * Maschinenfabrik * Krefeld 
Cable address: Siempelkampco * Teleprinter:0853811 West Germany 








ID) IP IR” 
Depolymerized 
Rubber 


AVAILABLE IN 
HIGH AND LOW 
used VISCOSITIES 


TRADE MARK 


NATURAL 
CRUDE RUBBER 
IN LIQUID FORM 


+) PR ,incorroraten 


A Subsidiary of H. V. HARDMAN CO. 


571 CORTLANDT STREET 
Beceevites a N. J 








) PRODUCT 
4 EVALUATION 


Evaluation of rubbers and plastics is carried out 
according to the specification of ASTM and the 
various government departments. There is avail- 


able extensive standard testing equipment. 


Product development and evaluation often re- 
quire our inventing original test procedures and 
apparatus. Accelerated performance tests are 
readily and effectively originated to suit the 


needs of the individual product. 
We Invite 


Without RESEARCH LABORATORIES 
Cost or CHEMISTS * ENGINEERS 
Obligation 29 W. 15 St. New York 11, N. Y. 

WA 4-8800 











Reviews 


BOOKS 


Manual of Reclaimed Rubber. Edited by J. M. Ball. Pub 
lished by the Rubber Reclaimers Asseciation, Inc., 101 
W ! New or N. Y. 6 x 9 in. 96 pp Plastic 


ment, RUBBER AGE) 
Here is at Idition to the technical literature of the rubber 


industs It not only treats with the 
advantage commercial uses of reclaimed 
rubber, but minds and pound volume. Sucl 
informatio ie to rubber manufacturers 
roducts. The costs, which a¢ 
lated from current delivered 


published in the trade 


arate sections pli 
laim, its advantag 
hort xing ti 
w thermopla 
abrasion re 
itioned Ne xt, 
specihe gray 
and elong 
1On On Con 
filler and 
vulcanizing a 
ercial uses of recl 
W page These are 
tive goods, industria 
laneous, the latter 
ind solvent cement 
vulcanizates and ; 


ndicated in eacl 


ne extract, ish and f e cut 
nethods) are outlined under 
is part of the miscellane: 
rence index 
has gone into the 
ctl printed in two col 
Rubber Reclaimer \ Cl 
| ne. The rubber indu 


inuals such as t 


Biological Treatment of Sewage and Industrial Wastes. Vol. 
I—Aerobic Oxidation. Edited by J. McCabe and W. W 
Eckenfelder, Jr. Pu Reinhold Publishing Corp 
430 Park Ave ew ork 22, N. Y.6 x 9 in. 394 pp. $10.00 


Lhe fir in a 1 \ ig tl entire field of biological 1 
proceedings of the fir 
Manhattan College in 


ntributed by recognized authoriti 


treatment 
Terence al 


Phirty 


ranged in | sequence, review the whole subject of bio-oxida 


tion and present latest trends in research, development and plant 

All those concerned with waste treatment problems will 

book of interest and value in understanding bio-oxidatior 
thods used by other industries and 


imilar problems 





REVIEWS (CONT’D) 


Symposium on Impact Testing. (Special Technical lic: M k 
by American Society fo a e 


tion No 176) Published the 
Testing Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia 3, 
$2.65 (member 





6 x 9 in. 176 pp. $3.50 (non-members), 


All of the papers presented at the Symposium on Impact ° 
ing held by the A.S.T.M. in 1955 are published in ; 


Since papers on shock tests were included 


encompassed impact in parts, components and c¢ 


Subjects covered in the booklet include notched sting, 

V-notch ( harpy slow-bend tests, effects of manganese and alumi Have Your Rubber Molds 
num contents on nickel steel, low-temperature transition ; 

normalized carbon-manganese steels, effect width 


quenched-and-tempered 


or specimen 


notched bar impact properties of 
normalized steels, reproducibilit npact test 
testing trom room temperature influence 


lum flexibilities on impact energy measuremen 


plying nul loads, and lon 


' 
technique 


with slingshot machine \l 


: ” Improves Mold Release 
A Technology for the Analysis, Design and Use of Textile v P 
Structures as Engineering Materials. by Walt 
burver Published by the American Societ { 
Materials, 1916 Race St Philadelphia, Pent » Xx i , 
4 o ncreases Production 
54 pp. $1.50 13) 


jx = + (2) Reduces Mold Cleaning 


4) Minimizes Rejects 
5] Eliminates Costly Mold Downtime 


Write us about your steel mold production problems 


TYPICAL KORBET TREATED MOLDS 


1 uitthization 
future activitse in 
srapl ‘ empl 


bibliograpl upper 


Evaluation of Insulating Oils — European Developments. 
(Special Technical Publication No, 172). American Societ 


for Testi iterials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia 3 


( 
}, 


discussie 
and England 
Pa 2 
A Korbet Treatment by 
absorbing lubricant in cavity surfaces 
will show you a tremendous improvement 
in mold release and decrease in rejection 


FREE! Write for Bulletin T-45, 

© which completely de 

Fluid Agitation Handbook. (1 . ai P scribes the advantages obtained from 
a Korbet mold release Treatment 


St., Dayton, Ohio, 5 


r 
} 
determinu 4 
t thei 
a laboratory 


ex pe rimental agit: 
| 


bench scale and pilot plant ix 
contains charts, diagrams, and pho 877 Addison Road * Cleveland 3, Ohio 
Telephone: EXpress 1-4872 or EXpress 1-4548 


orator lot 
r 
b 


1 46-i1tem bibliography 


EMBE *] 





@ Dual Loading Range 
0-100 Ibs 0-1000 
Ibs be S T M Accu 


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© Simple pe rmanently 
accurate mechanical 


weighing 


@ Large, easy-to read 


eye-level scale 


@ Infinitely-variable 


speed 


@ Improved Recorder 
flat stress-strain graph 


Start at any preload 


‘ 
for Rulletis he A 


LARGER MACHINES OF 5000 and 10,000-lbs. AVAILABLE 
isk for Bulletin RA 


NATIONAL FORGE & ORDNANCE CO. 
IRVINE, WARREN COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 
TESTING MACHINE DIVISION 





SOUTHEASTERN CLAY CO. 
AIKEN, SOUTH CAROLINA 


Sales Agents 


HERRON BROS. & MEYER Akron 
HERRON BROS. & MEYER New York 
C. M, BALDWIN Chicago 
ERNEST JACOBY & CO Boston 
The C. P. HALL CO, of Calif Los Angeles 
The PIGMENT & CHEMICAL CO. Ltd Toronto 











REVIEWS (CONT’D) 


BOOKLETS, CATALOGS, etc. 


Empol 1022 Polymerized Fatty Acid. k1 
Dept. 5, Carew Tower, Cincinnati 
4 pp 
Empol 1022 P 


iet, W ( ré 


Maglite D In Hypalon. (Bull 
um Divisio1 Merck & 


in PI 


Phe function 
pany’s fine 
nesium oxide 
technical bulletin. Chemical and pl 
D at also p t Vari 
ma 1 oxid . ! 
Hypalon and Hypalon 

d P-33 filled tock 
heat-resistant Hypal 


Physical pr pertic 


Hystron. (Bulletin HY-2). Chemical Divisior 
& Rubber Ce Akror j ® it 


bullets 


The Story of Unitane Titanium Dioxide. [P 
American Cyanamid , 30 Rockefeller Plaza 


20, N. ¥ 


Marblette Digest of Plastic Tooling. 
37-31 30th St.. Longe Islan N. ¥ 


ind epox 

. ! 
asting 

1 methods 


particular 





REVIEWS (CONT'D) 


Zs» PLYMOUTH 


Shell Synthetic Rubber. Synt 


She Chemical Corp., 380 


ll n 40) pp 


ZINC STEARATES WETTABLE ZINC STEARATE 
CALCIUM STEARATES BARIUM STEARATE 
Irrathene Irradiated Polyethylene Insulating Tape. Chemical 
‘ittsfield MAGNESIUM STEARATES ALUMINUM STEARATES 


Development Department, General Electric ¢ 
Mass. 81% x a Se i : | 
Whether it's Plymouth Zinc Stearate . . . for 
use as a lubricant or dusting agent... or an 
other of the fine Plymouth Brand Stearates . . 
you are always sure of getting Quality and Uni 
formity .. . with every shipment. 


M. W. PARSONS-PLYMOUTH, INC. 


59 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK 38, N. Y. 


Telephone: BEEKMAN 3-3162—~ 3163— 3164 Cable: PARSONOILS. WEW YORK 
DISTRIBUTION POINTS AND AGENTS IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES 


Physical Properties of Carbide and Carbon Chemicals 
Fdit (Booklet F-6136). Carbide & Carbon Chem 


11 i: 
| 





Exclusive agents for 


MConnaia) wivents Cor, 20 Main Ave, New Yok 6 OMA RAY-BRAND 
centrifuged latex 


Suppliers of: 
‘ . ‘ Ready 
GR-S Latex Concentrate reliable... R« 
serving 


Latex Compounds American indu 
Synthetic Emulsions 


] ) 
1044 mt 


since 1940 
Plastisols 
Plasticizers 

Consult our fully equipped 


laboratory for the anawer to 
re ar. your problem. 


Write today to: 
Rubber Corporation of America 


New South Road, Hicksville, N. Y 


Sales offices: NEW YORK AKKON 





MARKET REPORTS adil 


SE HSTES “=== NEWS = 
PRICES 


NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 30, 1956 Synthetic Rubber 


\ 1 £ i! tive December I l¢ I 
Price Data Nat ‘ubber News, H. C. Bugbee, 
dent of f Natural Rubber Bureau 
October statisti how that 
hetic rubber exports fell from 14,264 
to 12,491 tons and synthetic rubber 
production dropped from 90,602 tons t 
88,085 ton Synthetic stocks which had 
climbed teadi to nearly 200,000 tons at 
the end of September (from 136,000 tor 
at the end of September, 1955) dropped 
in October, the first drop since Noven 
ber, 19 
The total f 194,000 tons of ntheti 
1 } } 


at the d of October represent 2.7 


Closing Rubber Prices 
on New York Commodity Exchange 


FROM NOVEMBER 1 TO NOVEMBER 


upp at the average consump 
73,100 tons per month for the ter 
of 1956, whereas natural rubbet 
91,841 tons at the end of October 
represent only 1.9 months’ supply at the 
17,700 tor per month 1956 average con 
umption rate 
Mi Bugbee declares that we now have 
picture that nthetic 
U.S. are now mor lan 
nnage of natural tock al 
unption only about 50% 
natural consumption, d 
a much larger pipe 
recent events have higl 


Outside Market 
moked he 
whicl 


uming area 


European Synthetic Situation 


tron London state that dela 

il rul hipments arising from 

London Market F situation are unlikely t 
k et be folle ivy buying of American 


i 1) l i . ) 4 i in close toucl with 
than last year rou \ 


rd 
tendene 
mnount 1 ' 
' icture! say there have been 
natural rubber ( nd 
when it : ot | Singapore Market ; p 
tandard k ; recently, but Hes¢ ecn ( have heer mm 
pound ! ‘ Mal rinal 
before the Middle ist ostilit ] ; f vin 


(‘anadian nthetic, whicl 


ome inquiries for U. S. synthetic rubber 
' 


the difference v Britian under preterence 
Midling Upland Quotations would t be more itt 


Oct. 31 November British consut but leading dea 


ntinenta 


| , Close g! Law ( hat there has not been am 
flaking i eal ‘ & 
arp inecrea demand 

pari ' , , 
‘ | Prace ‘ ay-to-day touch wit 
or 1K mart 

!) mies pa 7 ~~ as ntinent wr bot!) ynthetic and 

to be impor i - wuts Misie filesliband 


ee eee ener oe Notes & Quotes cr hetic demand itl 





ha : Italy a 

i ti ( 

nthett ernments of rubber growing 
lost $515,000,000° of 


Generous Stocks Reported 
oft interterences the 


IT he i! vy tha bout wav of their own producer : ontinental consumers were 


demand fe " " | | W,.S rardson pre ident I ithetic rubber earlier 

625.000) t i ' \ { Goodrich Co, Mr. Richardsor ire ald te be 

year | r tl t ti leur lis the value of a million ton Ope: ilers are inclined 

would 1 ul ’ ly ) rubber expected to be ld dicts from the | S.. th: 
Britain ‘ { n world markets thi ar. He said le t he Continent 

bel ved the same amount ot rubber could In he COTmnINY months 

have been produced “at a substantial profit However, the French Finance Ministry 

ice considerably below the price at has already made a dollar allocation for 

enins j ration rar W h man-made rubber is marketed t synthetic purchases. Reports from Italy 

con uvvest ha mia 1 lay it government policies had permitte | it while Italian purcha es ot syn 


Continental l:urop ! f ‘ ! ficient production and marketing Mtr must increase, the increase will not 


l 
rise even f; { Is j Richardson said that short-sighted govern of large proportions. It 1s pointed out 


ment policies had spurred the development iat many European manufacturers Jack 


f a test tube product capable of repla I technical experience to handle n 
ing natural rubber altogether 











PRICES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SYNTHETIC RUBBER POLYMERS 
(dry types—per pound carload unless otherwise specified ) 


Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Types Butadiene-Styrene (Cont’d) Butadiene-Styrene (Cont'd) 


1700? 


24104 
2475 2275 * 
2600 4 


4258 


Butaprene .5400? I 
Butaprene xen al a te oo 4900} k 
Butaprene .5000? I 
Butaprene -5800! I 
Chemigum .6400 * } 
Chemigum .5800 * FR 
} 
I 
I 
i 
I 
I 


004 
g107 
1107 
410% 
4104 


Chemigum .5800 * 
Chemigum 5000 3 
Chemigum re : .5000 # 
Hycar 1001 .... 58004 
Hycar 1002 . . ; 5000 # 
Hycar 1014 .. seal 6000? R-S 17 
Hycar 1041 ... 5800 # Naugapol 
Hycar 1042 .. a .5000 8 Naugapol 
Hycar 1043 . ov .5000 3 Naugapol 
Hycar 1312 .... ; 6000 # Naugapol 
Hycar 1411 .. : ; .6200 8 Naugapol 
Hycar 1432 .5900 8 Naugapol 
Hycar 1441 6200 4 Naugapol 
Paracril AJ .. 4850 3 Naugapol 
 & ae . ° .5000 # Philprene 
fe ME see 5000 ? Philprene 
acril BLT in 5000 2 Philprene 1 2411 
eril ¢ ; . 800 2 Philprene ( 4 4 Butyl 
ril CV . ? 9002 Phils ne 1 7 () Buty! 
cril D mia 6500 ? *hily 1¢ Ol 26 J Buty! 
cril 18-80 6000 2 *hilprene 150( 241 y Butyl 215 
Polysar Krynac 800 ’ ’ .5000 * "*hilprene 1502 2 : Butyl 
Polysar Krynac 801 . ; 5800 * *hilprene 1503 .262$§ a Buty! 
Polysar Krynac 802 ...... : .5000 * hilprene 501 ‘ Buty! 
Polysar Krynac 803 ........ .5000 * *hil - if 187 - Butyl 
*hilprene ; ) J Butyl 
Buty! 


AZA~ZAZAZZL™ZA 
NI Cr Ge Sey 
5 - 


LALLLPPADPPARLVY 


i/t 


y Butyl 101 
Polysar Butyl 200 .......... 
Polysar Butyl 300 ........ 
Polysar Butyl 301 
Polysar Butyl 400 


Butadiene-Styrene Types 


I 
I 
I 
Ameripol PPT eT TTT .24108 I 
Ameripol 24358 I 
Ameripol .24108 I 
Ameripol .24108 I 703 
Ameripol .24108% Plioflex ) 1885 
Ameripol 24108 I : Neoprene 
8 1s (prices lel.) 
I 
I 


Ameripol : cuaee 2060 * ; 
Ameripol 2035 ® Kryflex ) . ~ _ : 
‘ ‘ > Cc G. 5500 
Ameripol . 20358 Krylene ee 2 a en Toe GN and CO : 4100 ’ 
Ameripol vena e eee 19108 *olysar Krylene NS . ; Neoprene Type GN-A .......-..- 41004 


Ameripol bauee .1885 4 Polysar Krynol ¢ Neoprene Type GRT ...... 4200* 


Ameripol vewe .1885 ® Polysar Krynol 652 ‘1! Neoprene Type KNR . aie 75008 


Ameripol Keg en as eee 1885* Polysar S ....... 2 7+ : nn 8 
Ameripol ry .1885* elven OS fs 2 sesprens Type ty everee = ’ 
ASRC 1000 .. .2410* Polysar S-X 371 .. 2 prempeene 5706 WHV .. 3900 * 
ASRC 1001 24108 Polysar SS-250 . "3000 * Neoprene Type “Clee i +4 
ASRC 1004 4103 $.1000 .... ; tt Neoprene Type WRI P ; meet 
ASRC 1006 4103 S-1001 "3300 8 Neoprene Type WX 100 
ASRC 1018 7004 S-1002 .... - .23254 
ASRC 1019 6504 S- 23002 Silicone Rubbers* 
ASRC 1500 .. .24108 S- ' ‘ ‘ ‘ .2325 8 
ASRC 1502 . : .24108 ; 2300 3 } (prices hcl.) 
AS he 0 P r) 18502 GE. (compounded) 2.50 ® 
ASRC 1703 Nb) * 2300 2 GE Silicone Gum (not compounded) 4 
ASRC 1708 23002 ilastic (compounded) . éees 1.90 
2300 2 Union Carbide (gums) . “ 4.00" 
18502 Union Carbide (compounds) 0° 
.1850# 
or Polysulfide Rubbers 
195 


00" 
: 


ee (prices Let.) 
° : Thiokol Type A eevee .4700 * 
1707 Thiokol Type FA eee 6400? 
1709 1 Thiokol PR} oe ee 9500 * 
$-1712 Thiokol Type ST ‘ 1,00* 


yp 


(latices—all prices per pound dry weight) 


Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Types Butadiene-Styrene (Cont’d) Butadiene-Styrene (Cont'd) 
Butaprene N- .46003 105 : acta 3100 # Naugatex 2105 ‘ 31208 
Butaprene N- 5400? 765 900 § Naugatex 3230* 
Butaprene noe .5400 ! S 2004 ne eheoes 2600 * 
Chemigum ine eis a 4900* TR-S 200( 600? 

Chemigum 3 5400 

Chemigum 2: nan . ‘ 4008 
Chemigum a ald abae 4600 * 
Chemigum 246 . 2 ‘ ‘ 4600 4 


600 2 
asi) 2 
951) 2 
29502 


| : 
jo 2 Neoprene Latex 60 .... , 4000 


Ca 2 004 7 ~ 4 
| eed 1351 a ee yo 6 " . 1002 Neoprene Latex 571 . 3700 
Os) aa 4600 8 iid Neoprene Latex 572 .. 3900? 
Hycar 1561 : 1008 = Neoprene Latex 601-A 4000 * 
Hycar 1562 Ms ere rude j 46008 Pliolite 2101 . . tee 3000 § Neoprene Latex 735 1A00 ® 
Hycar 1571 his 5900 3 Pliolite 2104 . , 3200 ® Neoprene Latex 736 

Hycar 1572 ans $100 8 Pliolite 2105 .. reeeccee 3200 ® Neoprene Latex 842-A 
Hycar 1577 . ; 2 ' 4600 ® Pliolite X-765 - r8e -3000 * Neoprene Latex 950 . 47007 


1200? 
3700* 


Naugatex 2000 26304 
7 Naugatex 2001 . 2630? 
Butadiene-Styrene Types Naugatex 2002 2880 8 Polysulfide Rubbers 
Naugatex 2005 3000 # Thiokol Type MX ‘ oe 7000 * 
Copo 2101 .... 2800 * Naugatex 2006 2630 8 Thiokol Type WD-2 9200 * 
Copo 2102 Naugatex 2101 . 28503 Thiokol Type WD-6 ......... 7000 * 


Notes: (1) Freight allowed. (2) Freight extra. (3) Freight prepaid. * Covers a wide range of compounds. Readers are urged to check specific prices 


with producers 














Tire Fabrics 


MARKETS 


continued) win 
Mor unt 
HYG 
but the rt 
hallenging r: 


ed 


ylon for 
t 65,000,000 
about 4.000.000 it 
that total industry cay 
130.000. 000 pound 
next year, By 1960 


cits 
annually b 


amount 
the e! 

core 
ording to current « 


rrowing t a Na 


stimate 

prompted 1 
into making their 
High ten 
db three 


nakes 
curt thi Cat 
droy j 


enting n ti iyon 


icity 
been cent a Te 
aid it 
didn’t 


cut 


coul 
come at 


indicate 
getting 


mto 
(,00d ear, example 
lon usage 18 running 


lool for 


growth in nylon use 


t vear and 


Expanding Nylon Capacity 


meet these expected requiren 


Premium Grade Whe 
First Line Whole 
Second Line Who trand have alread 
Third Line tantiall 
Fourth Line Who ductior hand 
Black Carcass aCHION cr nana, 
No. 1 Light Colore 1 , oducers, of wil Industrial Ra 
No. 1 are entering the nylon field wit! 
But < iT ” 
pode ; oduction of limited amount In 
Natura 

Beaunit and American Enl 
in pilot plant production of nylon 


Beaunit ma ‘ id it 


nylon producers are exp 
DuPont and ( 

unced plans t 
On 


inding cap 
' 

nev 
W hole expand 


some 


irmn 


Natural 


Natural 


« utput 


Bureau 
econd quarter 1956 output 
was 112,000,000 poun 
¢ 129,000,000 pounds pr 
uarter thi s \ 
1 ection ot 


Textile Lconomi 


duces 
general 


e third quarter « 


| the ecol 


e 11% 


Point 


pping 


Rayon 


Tire Cord 


Nylon Tire Cord 


Rayon Graded Fabric 


M ixe 

Light 

No. 1 peeling 

No , peeling 

No. 3 peelings 
Buffing 

Truck and Bus S.A.G 
Passenger S.A.G 
Natural R R 
Natt R er i 
Kh IR 


Cotton Chafers 


200) ,000,000 pound 
lon will be going into cord production 


econd rout 
type 
und further price rises almost 
price reduction 


ibout Even if 


Liquid Latex 


Natural: The Rubber Manufacturers 
ition estimates that 58.963 long tor 
rubber latex were imported into 


United State 


natural 


in the first ten months « 
Re-exports during this 


urrent eal 
? 237 long 


riod 


eaving a total net 


have been placed at 
new supply of 56,726 
ng tons 
RMA estimates than 60,050 long tons of 
natural latex were consumed tn the first ten 
months of 1956 and stocks October 
31 have been placed at 11,647 long tons, a 
lecline ot ibout 3,000 tons trom the end ot 
{ the previous month. Natural rubber latex is 
urrently being quoted at 46.00c per pound 
in tank car lots at East Coast ports 
There are indications that natural 
will continue to rise in consideration 
of the present Mid-East difficulties. The 
d trade now reports that latex at a 46c level 
is finding few buyers which would make 


as ot 


latex 


price 


ac ade 1Tii¢ 


Synthetic: What with the current dif 
ficulties abroad and their day-to-day effect 
tural late the remaining weeks 
of 1956 an accelerated swing to 

nthetic latices. It has been estimated that 
GR-S type latex consumption this year 
would in the order of 61,000 long tons, 
or about 3,000 long tons less than in 1955 
the swing to synthetic 

develop in the last 
ar, the impact upon the 


onn prices, 


may eC 


latices 
few days of this 
statistical picture 
vould not be too great. If, however, the 
political difficulties continue in the middle 
the next nonths, 1957 may se¢ 
reatly natural-syntheti latex 
tablishment of buying 


east for lew 
revised 
he ¢ new 








Cotton 


middling uplands « 
on Exchange ha ved 1! 

mall range of 20 points 
report (October 31), higl 
34.65« reached ot 
14, and le W he in 34 45. 
November 1 and on nin } 
during the onth. The 
middling uplands for 
ember : fx 


price 
York Cr 
xceeding] 
our la 
r the od 


s vember 13 and 


the 


mice 
being 
reached on 

AveTAYC 
the 
based o 


with an 


current 
the 


be im sig 


report 

rd 

kor the 
the as ; vield 


omestic 


nation’s 


ears 
n and 
1 sible Lot 
r reduction 
t, whicl 
in seventy 
program designed 
100,000 bale 
last season. 
e yield this 
her in the 
is that 
00) bales of 
ct 


hive 


the 


abro id 


Ov 


pound 
} 


nsumption is expected to 


9 200.0000 bale : 
ut 4.500.000 to 5.000.000 ha 


r 1 


< ton disappear 


‘VI 
er than tl 
16.962.000 act 
rding to the 
150.000 aere 


{ 17.400.000 


Le part 


1 
Jess 








“Torture Rack” for 
synthetic rubber 
gives proof... 





fae 


(Neoprene treated with a standard antioxidant) 


(Neoprene without any antioxidant) 


4 





CALCINED 
MAGNESIAS 


PRECISE DCI STANDARDS PROTECT QUALITY 


© Activity 
Controlled: ¢ Fineness 
© Purity 


Available from conveniently located ware- 
house stocks, in 99% passing 325 mesh and 
92% passing 200 mesh grades. Manufactured 
by Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Co. For 


samples, data sheet and quotation, write to 


DARLINGTON 


CHEMICALS, Inc., 1420 Wainut St., Phila. 2, Pa. 
Represented by 
Tumpeer Chemical Co., Chicago 


Summit Chemical Co., Akron . 


(Neoprene treated with FURA-TONE 1444) 
(Neoprene treated with FURA-TONE 1547) 


iii + ey ' 
Pr en 


YOU GET GREATER 
OZONE RESISTANCE WITH 
FURA-TONE 1444 and 1547 


e ' t vi 


TI, IRVINGTON DIVISION, 


Guy ' Ave., Newark 9, i 


Let WINK Automate Your Molding 
Preparation and Cut Costs Radically 


WINK cuts any extruded material, speeds being 
controlled automatically to equal extruding 
speeds; 3000 pieces per minute are possible 
Right off the belt, WINK cuts lengths of 100 feet 
and more from 3” dia. down to thin 1/16” slices 
on 1/2” dia. stock; no distortion or collapse. 
Set-up time negligible; short runs practical. 
Waste reduced up to 90%. 


Write on your letterhead for Bulletin 'A-12" 





F. J. FINK & CO. 
221 Cherry Street, Chardon, Ohio 
SPECIAL MACHINERY 





ALFA AUTOMATIC 


We invite your inquiries, Whatever the cutting problem may be 
—we have standard or special designs to meet most requirements 


DECEMBER, 1956 


STOCK CUTTER.... 
ACCURATE, CLEAN, SQUARE CUTS 


Designed to efhciently handle most cutting problems, the Alfa 
Stock Cutter is extensively used throughout the Rubber, Plastic 
and Textile industries—for cutting such materials as: tiling and 
soling stock, foam, sponge and sheet rubber, cotton battings, 
sisal fibre glass and insulation, This highly versatile cutter can be 
used in continuous production line systems, or as a single unit for 
feed from a parent roll, 


SPADONE- 
eee) Ze 


SOUTH NORWALK, CONNECTICUT Phone: VOlunteer 6-3394 








_MARKET 


ACCELERATORS 


A-l (Thiocarbanilide 

A-32* 

A-100* 

Accelerator 

Accelerato 

Accelerator 

Accelerator 

Accelerator 

Accelerator 

Accelerator 

Accelerator 

Altax’* 

Ancap* (1) 

Ancatax*(?) ....+. 

Ancazate BU (ET & 

ME)*(1) 

Ancazide ET*(1 

ME*(1) 


oe” rr 
Bismate, Rodform* 
Butazate* 
Butyl Hight* 
{ iptax ad 
Ee eeks se 
Cumate, Rodform* 
yh rthotol Iguanidine 
1 
Diphenylyuanidine 
El-Sixty* 
Ethazate* 

50D* ; 

Ethy! Thiurad* 
Ethyl! Tuex* 
Ethylac* 
Guantal* 
Harvex* 
Hepteen Base* 
Kure Blend MT* 
Ledate, Rodform* 
Misi X* 
neorac ° 
Me iptober t 


Mere apes obenzothiazy! 


Mertax* 
Methazate* 
Monex* 

Mono Thiurad* 
Morfex* 

2-MT 

NA * (for 
On 


‘) ‘1 
Pentex* 
blo 
Perma 


Phenex* 


R2C rys stals 
Rotax 
RZ.50-A* 

B* 
Santocure* 

NS* 
Seclenac* (tl 

ram, | 

Setsit-5* 
of 


SPDX-GH* 
GL* 


Tellurac* 

Tepidone* 

Tetrone A* 

Thiofide* 
ae 


Thionex* 
Thiotax* 
Phu 
Met 
Thiurad* 


Thiuram E* 
M* 


Trimene* 

Base* 
lripheny!l Guanid 
Tuads* (Ethyl) 
Tuads* (Methyl) 
Tuex* 

Ultex® 
Unads* . 

ZB 

ZE®* 

ZM* ee 
Vulcacure ‘NB 
Z-B-X* 


Zenite* 

A* 
Zenite Special* 
Zetax" (uncoated 
Zimate* (Butyl) 


PRICES 


CHEMICALS & 








DECEMBER 1. 1956 








Prices are, in general, f.o.b. works 
and cover the domestic markets 
only. Export prices, as a rule, 
are usually slightly higher, due 
to packing regulations, special 
handling, etc. 

Abbreviations: bbls., barrels; c.l., 
carload; cyl., cylinder; dlvd., de- 
livered; dms., drums; eqld., equa- 
lized; Lec.l., less than carload; 
M.B. masterbatch; min., mini- 
mum; ref., refined; sap., saponi- 
fied; sp., special; syn., synthetic; 
t.c., tank cars. 

*Trademark. {For Export Only. 


The arrangement of this sec- 
tion closely follows the Chemical 
Section of the 1955-56 RUBBER 
RED BOOK. Readers are refer- 
red to that edition for the correct 
classification of any material or 
brand name. Suppliers of every 
material are contacted for price 
information. However, only those 
materials are listed for which 
quotations have been furnished 
within the past six months. The 
quotations are not guaranteed and 
prospective purchasers should 
contact suppliers for information. 
Suppliers are requested to send 
current price information to the 
Market Editor, RUBBER AGE. 











Zimate*® (Ethyl) 
Zimate*® (Methyl) 
Ziram, Butyl 
( Dispersios 
Ziram, Eth 
Di persion 
Methyl! 
Disper 


ACTIVATORS 


Blue Lead Sublimed 
(divd.) 
Cottonseed Fatty Acids 
Wochem 210* 
11° hy 
Fish Oil, Hydrogenated, Fatty / 
DAR-S* (dlwd.) .......lb 
DAR a Sy ere * 
bd (divd. Ib 
430° (« ‘aivd Doce naun 
Neo-Fat H.F.O.* (divd ) Ib 
Neutrex® (dlvd.) Ib 
Stearex Beads* (divd.). .lb 
See 
Talene*® (divd.) ........lb 
Lime, Hydrated 
Arrowhead* ton 
Marblehead tor 
Sierra*® ° ton 
Litharge 
Fagle-Picher® (c.1.) 
BY { divd ) 
Magnesium Oxide, Heavy 
Ceeneral Magne ite 00 
60 
Kaiser 325° 
Michigan No, 15* 
Magnesium Oxide, Light 
Carey Mag* 
General Magnesite* (neo- 
prene grade) 
Gener al Magnesite No. 
10 b 
Cenmeg MLW* . 
K & M®* (neoprene gr: ade) Ib 


s COMPOUNDING 
INGREDIENTS 


ACTIVATORS (Cont'd) 


a vey 0 Oxide, Dees (cont’d) 


25% - 
Maslite. = . 
L and M* 
Michigan No. 30* “e 
Neomag Powder*® ......lb. 39% - 

POMS” ccccscecovce 31% - 
Michigan No. 4( ‘ 29% 
Oleic Acid 
Emersol Jy (divd wr * 18% - 
Groco Red ° rr 18% 
Neo-Fat 9 ri? P ] 20'2 
94-04* ° 
Wochem 310, 311 
Palm F > Acids 
Gre 0 


Wochem 280° 


Potassium Oleate (dms.).. 
Red Lead 
Eagle-Picher* e.1.) 
No. 2 RM® (dlvd.) 
Sodium Laurate, 75% , 64 
Sodium Oleate, 75%. 
Paste (dms.) .. one 
Sodium Stearate, 75% . poe 54 
Stearic Acid, Single Pressed 
Emersol 110° (divd.)...Ib. 14% 
Groco BF : ) 14% 
Neo-Fat 18-53* lb 14% 
Standard Pearlstearic* 
(divd.) F lb 
Stearex B* (divd were, 
Wochem 730 Ib 
Stearic Acid, Double Pressed 
Choice Pearlstearic* 
(divd.) . eee 
Emersol 120° (divd.) 
(,roco 4* 
H ydrofol 1 RG 
Neo-f —_— 
Wochem . P 
Stearic Acid, Other 
Extra Pearlstearic* 
(divd.) 62 
Groco* 


Wochem 7 
721° 


White Lead Basic 
irbonate 
W hite Lead Basi 
Sulfate 
Zinc Laurate 
Laurex* 
Zine Stearate . 
Aquazine K Cc. 
Crown Brand 


Unclassified Activators 


Actifat® (dms.) 

Aktone* 

Barak* 

Curade* ‘ 
‘<owy G-M-F . 
D-B ‘ 
G-M ‘. ad 


* (dms.) 
snodotte* 


ulklor*® 


ANTI-COAGULANTS 


Aqua Ammonia*® (dms.).. 
M.B.M.¢ (1.e¢.1.) 


ANTI-FOAMING AGENTS 


Aero Anti Foam H*...... 
Regular* ; 

Anhydrol 65 91° 

D.C. Antifoam A* 
Antifoam A_Emulsion*®.. 
Antifoam AF Emulsion®. 

Defoama W-1701* ........lt 

Defoamer A-25* 

Defoamer 630* 


Deltyl Prime 





ANTI-FOAMING AGENTS (Cont'd) 


G-E Antifoam SS-24*.....Ib. 5.30 
RPG” ses nrvivns .-Ib. 5,30 
60 Emulsion® . 2.0 

Igepol CO-210 


Terpinol Prime "No. 


Tributyl Phosphate (dms 


ANTIOXIDANTS 


Agebest 1293-22A* 
AgeRite Alba* 
Gel* 


Hipar* 


Antioxidant 425° 
Antioxidant 2246*° 


Di-tert-Butyl-para-Cresol 
Kugenol C-95%* .... 
Flectol H* .. 
Flexamine* 
Ionol* (dms.) 
Neozone A* 
far 
D* 
Nevastain A* 
B* 
Nullapon BF-12 
BF-13* 


BF-7# ‘ 
BF-Acid* 


Octamine 


Santoflex AW* 


Santovar-A* 
antowhite Cr 
Santowhite L* 
M K* 
Powder* 
ey 


Stabilite* 


¢ 


White Powder* 
Stabilizer No. 1° - 
Stabilizer No. 9-A* 
Styphen I° ...... 
Sunolite* ‘ 
Tannic nage _Tech, 
Thermoflex 
V-G-B* 


Wing 


ANTI-SCORCHING AGENTS 


Armeen HT* Ib 
Good-ri Vultrol* l 
Sommenel 1183° 
Retarder PD 
w* 
Sodium Acetate 60 «2% Crys 
GS. case -Ib. 


ANTISEPTICS AND GERMICIDES 


A.P.C. 6901° 
Arquad S* 
Formaldehyde (dms.) 
G-4* (bblis.) . . 
G-11* coos 
Halane* 

Ortho C resol (2 
Prevento! GD 


Vancide 


ANTI-WEBBING AGENTS (for 


DC 7 Compound* 
Webnix 4-L* 


69-C* 


AROMATICS (DEODORANTS) 


Airkem SSP dv ccosenss le 
122° eeve gal. 


OS? . 
Bouquet 149° 
Co irin* 
Curodex 19 

188° 

198° 
Deodorant 65° 
Deodorant 37 

L.-44* 

Py eG, 
Deodorant Oil 

GD 6423 

Ge Gee sc veasces 

GD 31063* 
Ethavan* 

Latex Perfume 


Naugaromes* (dms.) 
Neutroleum Delta* 

Gee” i cvccus 
Parador A* 

c* , 

GD 5280° 

GD c 1481° 
Perfume Oi! Bouquet Va 

nill ° 
Rodo No. 0* 

No. 10° senwebsenewe 
Rubbarome® (dms.) 
Rubber Perfume 12° ..... 
Russian Leather 7° 

al 


BLOWING AGENTS 


Ammonium Bicarbonate 
Better Biend Soda® (c.1L., 


Blowing Aguas | CP-975*. 
Cele en 
AZ Tr 
Diazo Amino Be 
Neo | * 


Sodium “Bicarbonate, U.S.P. 


Sponge P aste® 
ND* 


ce 
Urea 


BONDING AGENTS 

Base 6986* 

Braze* 

Cover Cement* 

Dures 12987° 
Ta 


ta M* 
M-50* ° 
Penacolite B1A* 

). aa 
ya 20 


Rex. Compounds® 
Thixons* oepee 
Ty-Ply ¢ (BN & S)°.. 
Tygobond 30° . 


COAGULANTS 
Ae etic Acid—56% (bble 
ylacial 9914% (dms.) 
( um Nitrate, Tecl 
} lake 
Hydroxyacetic Acid—70% 


Z N ce, Te 


COLORING AGENTS 

Black 

Aquablak 
Me 


R* 


B* 


L-1404B 
Carbon Black ee Reinf 
{ ook ® . 
Lampblack No, 10° . 
Mapico Black Iron Oxide* 
0 It bags ) 
Pure Black Irom Oxide 


mew 


RK AWA w WAAL 
29 2 


SWwRANN—NWWDw 


., »& > 
CO-—- Yue 
VAuUun Ss 


-“oewo~-s2e2 
sessr 
oonw 


a 
Ww 


COLORING AGENTS (Cont'd) 


Blue 
Akron Masterbatches* 
Toner 
Blue Powders 
Cooke M.B Blue 
Monastral Rubber Blue 
CPL* 


PCD, Dispersed® 
Peacoline Blue* 
Ramapo Blue* 
Rubber Blue GD* (Daisy 
Rubber Blue X-1999* 
Rubber Dispersed Blues. . 
Solfast Sky Blue* .. 
Syntheline Blue* 
Stan-Tone MBS* 

GPE eee 

ru” 
Ultramarine : 
Vansul Blue M.B.* 


Brown 
Brown Iron Oxide 
Mapico Brown® (50 lb 


ags) ‘ 
Stan-Tone GPE* 
Vansul Brown M.B.* (Or 


ganic) 


Green 
Akron Masterbatches* 
loners* 
Cooke M.B. Green* 
10 ° 
Filo Green*® sees 
Green Powders ‘ conste 
Monastral Rubber Green 
)* (Dispersed) Ib 
GSL" - . lb 
Permansa’ Green cP 594°. Ib 
Pigeons ireen B* Il 
GL-652D* eee ere 
Ramapo Green* eR 
Rubber Dispersed ‘Greens. Ib 
Rubber Green ker (Disp ” 
Rubber Green X-12 
Soltast Creen* ib 
Stan-Tone MBS* .. oactn 
GPE* sowane Ib 
rt Ib 
Vansul Green M.B.* Ib 


) 


Maroon 
Akron Masterbatche 


Tone . 
Maroon Powders 
’yrolux sroon* 


Vansul Maroon M.B.* 


Orange 

Akron Masterbatche 
» eeione 

Benzidene Or 

Cooke M B* 


Mercadium X-2667* 
Molybdate Orange 
Oswego Orange X2065* 
Rubber Orange OD* 
(Disp.) 
Solfast Orange 
tan-Tone Cadmium LD 


Cadmium Paste 
GPE* 
PpC* 

Vansul Orange M.B.* 


Red 

Ake 
I" 

Arctu ! 

Antimony Trisulfide 
R.M.P. Sulfur Free*.. 
R.M.P. No. 3° ..... 

Bri Red 

Cadr led ' 

{ 


Gra 


3 re 


Oximony Red Iron Oxide 


Vol K a 

Rene Red Oxide* 

Red Iron Oxide, Light 

Red Powders 

Rubber Dispersed Reds 

Kk Red PBD* (Disp 
2BD, Dispersed*® ‘ 
BL* 


P BL* 
Ru ' 
Rubber "Red CP.-339* 
(divd.) 

Rubber K a 48 

ast Re {* 

Stan Tone MBS* 
GP oe ; 
pce 
PDS* 

PVC* , 

Vansul Red M.B.* 

Watchung Red* 





COLORING AGENTS (Cont'd) 


Tan 
Mapico Tan 15° (50 Ib 


White—tLithopone 
Fagle-Picher* 


White—Titanium Pigments 
Hi 


White—Zinc Oxide (American Process) 
71) 100% 
AZO.7ZZZ 


Kagle-V’ 
Horse He 


xx 


White—Zinc Oxide (Dispersed) 
Dispersed Zine Oxide b 


White—Zinc Oxide (French Process) 
AZO-ZZZ Ot 
Florence Gre 

Red 

White 


Prot 
169° 
4a 


White—Zinc Sulfide 
Cryptone ZS* 
| . 


Yellow 
\l \ 
lone 
Bb dene Lightfast 
Benzidine Yellow 
Cadmolitl Y ellow* 
Chrome Yellow 
oke M.B. Yel 


Iron Oxide, Pure 

ight Shade 

Dark Shades 
Mapico Yellow® (50 Ib 


1gs 
Rubber Dispersed Yellows 
fu r Vell 

‘sl 
Rubber Yel 
Stan- Tone 

Cadm 

MBS* 

GPE* 

Pe >, 
Sumatra 


Oximony Iron Oxide 

Vansul Yellow M.B.* 

Yellow Powders . lb. 2.00 
Zine Yellow Ib 


DISPERSING AGENTS 
ye eer mall (ft) 


drapent* 


Blancol® jeeadeeus 

Darvan No. 1° (and 
No. 2°) .. 

Daxad 11° (21°, 23°) 

Diethanolamine (dms., 
divd.) a 

Dispersaid*® 

I ol K-83 


Emulphor ON-870* 
in 


Igepal CO-6 30° 
Igepon T-73* 
Kyro EO* (dms. ) 
Leonil SA* 
Lomar PW* 
Marasperse C* 
(h* 
N* . 
Monoethanolamine (dms., 
Nekal BA-75* 
BX ° 
Nopco 1187-X* 
P I 68 


} for 
R & R 551* 
j ‘ 
tablex B* 
Stan-Chem BQC* 


rrenamine D.25* 
friethanolamine (dms 


ep ind ‘I 


EXTENDERS 
Arceo 1071 
1073-18B* 
1294-36B* ° 
Car-Bel-Ex-A* (and 
Extender 600° 
Facile Gum 4A* 
Millex* 
w* 


Nopeo 2271° .. os lb 
Polyco 418° Ty 
PR-162 Latex Extender® . It 
tose HDF* i 
Synprolac* . ae . Ib 
ynprowax* . , . «lb 
tane MM (¢ . I 


FILLERS (inert and Reinforcing) 
Abrasives 
Carbonite 
Lionite* 
Pumice os os 
Walnut Shell Grits 
Aluminum Hydrate 
Kaiser Alumina* 
Aluminum Silicate 
bD* 
\luminum Flake* 
Marter White* 
Barium Carbonate (|.c.1.) 
Barytes 
1 Floated, White* 
No. 2 Floated, Un- 
bleached* 
T Baryte 
No wy? Barytes* 
Foan 


| armute 
XIOR* 
Bentonite (c.1.) 
Argosite Clay* 
Bennett Clay*® 
SPV Volclay* 
White Hi-Gel*® 
Blanc Fixe 
Calcium Carbonate 
Atomite* (c.1.) ton 
B.I, White No 1 (c.1.)..ton 
leene Nf tor 
TM* eoeeece ton 
ilwhite*® ton 
amel-Carb* 
umel-Tex* 
amel-Wite*® 
Duramite* 
Gamaco* (c.1.) 
Georgia Marble 
(c.1.) 
No, 10 White® (c.1.) 
Kalite® 
Laminar*® ee 
Lesamite* (c.1.) 
rite* 
Millical*® 
Multifex MM* 
Non-Fer-Al* 
Purecal M* ° ...ton 
SC* (and T* ton] 


uP , : coves toml 2 


06% 


09% 


56 75 


0.00 


30 
100 


FILLERS (Cont'd) 
Calcium Carbonate (cont'd) 


Rambo No. 1° ...++++.- 
Snowflake* ee ES 
Super Multifex* 
Surfex* 
Suspenso* ° 20 
Witcarb Reg.* .........ton 56 
oY  § devge se .ton110 
a” sesase sa téaere cee 
RC* - eer. |: 
York White* tor 
‘alcium Silicate ae 
Silene a ton! 20 
alcium Sulfate, Anhydrous 
Snow White Filler*.....ton 
Calcium Sulfate Hydrous 
Terra Alba No. 1*......ton - 
Chalk Woes "(3 ae 
Recco P W hiting* to 
OMYA Whiting® ...ton 


lay 
Afton ( 
Aiken Clay* tor 
Alsilite* (cl.) ........ton 30,00 
Alsite* (c.1.) cove OR 
Aluminum Flake*® .....ton 23.50 
Buca* (c.l.) , vos ste 
Burgess No. 20*.. ton 
No 30° .» ton 
Bur Iceberg tor 
( atalpo° el.) .- ...ton 
Champion* ; ...ton 
CS..." (¢.3 oocen-ccctee 
ton 


ton 160 00 
ton 37 


ton J 


Crown* ° 
Dixie* ( ton 


Namee* 

itka 0 

| 

Paragon* 
ce 


Pigment 5 
t3e 
Recco* (¢ l ) 
Swanee Clay* 
Snobrite* 
Suprex*® : 
Whitetex® (c.1.) 
{ Clay* 
Diatomaceous Earth .. m 30.00 
Kaylorite* (c.l.) 
Lorite* 
Flock 


Cottor W hit 


( olore 
Filfloc F 40-9000* Ib 
F 6000*° ] 
Polycel* ‘ eo. 
Rayon, Bleached | 
Rayon, Grey ..........lb. - 
Rayon, Pink , It 
Solka-Floc® (l.c.1.) 
Glue, Amber 
Ground Softwood Ba 


Silvy n* ( 


- ib. — 
. .ton110.00 


Leather 
Flour (dust) lb 
Shredde Ib 

Lignin Fer oes 
Indulin® ... se Ib 

Limestone, Pulver 1 ton 
Asbestol pegulas ton 
Asbest Sur or 
Georgia " Marb * ton 
Industrial Filler No 100° ton 
Micro Velva A* ton 49.00 

Pawnee ton 57.00 

No. 1 White’. ton — 

Magnes Carbonate ‘ | ] 
K&M Cc learc - lb 

Technic al* ( 
Marinco Cl 

Magnesium Silicate (see Talc) 

Mica , ‘ eet” 
Concord* } 
Micro-Mica* 1} QR 
Mineralite* «+++-.ton 40.00 
~ er een®* } ~ 
rr e AM 
Vermiculite* enean 
Wet Ground Biotite 


Wet Ground Mica No 


Pecar he 
star » 
Pyrophyllite 
ton 
ton — 
. ton 
ton 14.00 
-++.ton 16,00 
(pelleted). ...lb. 1.4 
bags) 

{ / ton 
Slate, Powdered (l.c.1.)...ton 15.00 
Lo-Micron Slate Flour*..lb. - 
No. 133 Slate Flour*....ton —— 

Sodium Silico Aluminate 
Zeolex 23° .. .++++.ton 120.00 


RUBBER AGE 


-175.00 


1., eqld.) Ib 10% 


10.50 
) 


0 


0 


20.00 
04% 
4.55 


-140.00 








Ou best wishes for d Mi rry ( hristmas 


] 


dnd a 


Happy, Healthy, Prosperous Nen Year 


€& VANAND TOP 


AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY 


RUBBER CHEMICALS DEPARTMENT 








Join MARCH OF DIMES 


| = 
FIGHT ‘iB, 


INFANTILE 
PARALYSIS 


THE NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR INFANTILE PARALYSIS * FRANKLIN 0. ROOSEVELT. FOUNDER 














RUBBER FABRICATORS NEED 


Better Products 
For Industry ACCURATE CUTTING DIES 


° For Cutting 
Since 1873 Rubber, Neoprene, Plastics, etc. 


Sheeting, Foam, Sponge, Cellular, 
Cured & Uncured 
Gang Dies Our Specialty. 
Steel Rule 
Cutting a oO ; Steel Rule 
Dies | | Clicker Dies 


— 








Years of extensive laboratory research give 


} 


1d Oxides Val 


Carey magnesiums, carbonates a 
uable new characteristics that add to the 


quality of your products 


For the correct magnesia, technical or Sf” 
U.S.P. grade, to fit your specific needs, call ~ Electronic 
your nearest Carey district office r write Sealing Dies 


for complete line specification folder to 
' We can also die cut your materials on ray you: % 
_ don’t wish to handle yourself. SNF wet, 


Dies for cutting gaskets, flashing 

from molded parts, rubber soles, 

CAREY DISTRICT OFFICES foam and sponge for furniture pad- 

Atlenta Cincinnati Los Angeles Arava 9 ding, inflated toys, clothing and 
® 


Alwood 5793 POpior 1.1323 hmond 8.5207 "1.7490 footwear, etc 
° . 

Boston Cleveland Montreal St. Louls 

TRowbridge 6-7700 Florida 1.8505 UNiversity 6.46860 JEfierson 1.1930 


Cilenge Detroit New York Sen Francisco —— 
mbus 1.2533 TRinity 5.4680 Vanderbilt 6.1530 SUrter 1.4850 / | 
| 
Charlotte Houston Philadelphia Seartie . | / 
FR n 7.6502 TWin ¢ P . 


* » Ocks 3393 BAidwin 9-6430 Ene 2 1 
STEEL RULE DIE MANUFACTURERS 


Warehouse Stocks at Indianapol s and New York « Shipping Point: Plymouth Meet ng, Pa - 24-28 Ww 21 ST _ N Y 10, N Y 7 CHelsea 2-0860 1 





THE PHILIP MFG. COMPANY, PLYMOUTH MEET 





Now ... Up-To-The-Minute 


NTERNATIONAL MECHNICAL Assistance 


@ To tire and other rubber manufacturers abroad 
who desire to learn the latest American “Know- 
How” . cut manufacturing costs — we offer 
comprehensive Technical Assistance at low cost. 


Dayton Rubber’s 1.T.A. plan has been in exist- 
ence for 20 years. Rubber experts and teachers 
who give unexcelled technical assistance at a 
surprisingly nominal cost . .. all backed by 50 
years of recognized leadership in the rubber in- 


dustry ... with 4 U. S. plants. p s GI 
‘ erfect urgeon oves 


We train your personnel in these modern plants 
help you establish the latest formulae for Pp “ 

- : m ms! 
processing natural and all new types of synthetic fro Porcelain Forms! 
rubbers and textiles . s latest Know-How in General Porcelain’s surgeon forms have the smoothest gloss 
Tubeless Tires, Butyl Tubes, Rayon and Nylon finish found anywhere! They are entirely free of pits or 
Cords, Carbon Blacks. We also design factories and defects. They’re fired to the closest plus or minus range 
supervise machinery installations if desired. Write: assuring you of long, eminently satisfactory service 
International Technical Assistance Division, Day- These open stock, straight finger surgeon forms have 
ton Rubber Co., Dayton 1, Ohio. round base. They are 132" long for sizes 6, 6!2 and 7, a 

14” long for sizes 72 to 9 
mrtansronohemaee Other forms by General Procelain 


CABLE ADDRESS: Assistance Miron — A * Gloves * Household 


* Sleeves Lineman 


THOROBRED < a f . ° 
\ e e * Knitwrist * Toys 
\ * Balloon * Gauntlet 
7/ , low, Ono * Syringe * lee Bag 


For more information, write or telephone today! Your inquiry will 


pu] wt ) wie , ) receive immediate attention 
al a : ex GENERAL PORCELAIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY 


YEARS oF PROGRESS 951 Pennsylvania Avenue, Trenton 8, New Jersey EXport 6-9639 





FILLERS (Cont'd) 


Tale (Magne 
| ie 


el tal 


7 
No. 549° 
French* 
| 


Nou, 367° . 
No. 1600° 
No. 1768* 


erra 
Soapstone* 
Walnut Shell Flour 
Stan-Shell* 
Whiting, ( 
Aliied Wh 
Camel-Ca 
Calwhite (c.l.) 
(C4) Whhite* 
(seorgia Marbl ¢ No ton 
No 
Piqua No. 1 YAA® (c.1.).ton 
No. 2 LS* tet.) ..ton 
nowflake* ( tor 
Stan-W hite 42! ” ton 


6 tor 


to 
t 


t 


FINISHING MATERIALS, SURFACE 


Beaco Finishes* . gal. 2 
Black Out* .. gal 4 
Shellac, Orange Gum lb 
VanWax* gal 


FLAME RETARDANTS 


Celluflex CEF* (dms.) 
(hlorowax 40* 

70* 
Halowax* 
Zine Borate 3167* 
Zyrox Con is* 


LATEX MODIFIERS 


Ludox 
Ovb 
Picco 
i} 


LUBRICANTS, MOLD 


Akro Gel* 
Alipal CO.433* 
CO.436* 
Aluminum tearate 
Brand’ 
Amine M ‘ (y 
Aquadag* 
— D* 
. 


ME* . 

MDL* 

WAQ* 

Armeen HT* 

Hl 

Q* 
Borax, Granular (1. 
Carbowax 4000* 
CD Mold Release B* 

B.2* 
Colite Concentrate 
Colite D4a3* 
oncentrex* 


* (dm 
( 
Dag Dispersions No 
D.C. 7 Compound* 
dD Emulsion No 


lb ¢ 


Dri-Lube 


\I 

Mee 

Me 
(1 

| ri 
Glydag G* 
Hawkeye Flake* 
HSC Nz . 


N 
Igepal CO-430° 
CO-630* 
CO-530° 
Igepon AP 


| 
T-51° 


LUBRICANTS, MOLD (Cont'd) 
Kokobace R* .. | 17% 
2 


Lubrex ° ; b. ) 
Lubri-Flo*® al. 10.00 
Migralube* b. - 
ML-1027-2C* 
ML-1028-2C* 
Mold Lubricant 
Conc.* (dms,) 
No, 735° (dms.).... 
No. 769° (dms.) 
No, 82 (dms,) 
No, 4% (dims. ) 
(dm 
(dims 
(dms. ) 
(dms.) 
(dims, ) 
(dn 
(dm 
(dms.) 
(dm 
(dn ) 
(dms.) 
Mo ides No. 3* 
Mold-Brite* ...... 
Monopole Oi! MD* 
Olate Flakes* 
vus WA Paste” (dm 
Viaskon Polyethylene 
Polyglycol 15-200° 
E4000*° . 
Prodag” 
Purity 
Rubber-Flo* 
Rubber-Glo*® 
Rusco Mold Paste* 
Sericite* (l.c.l.) 
icone Oil Al45* 
! (dms.) 
A65* . 
Soybean Lecithin 
Thermalube* 
U¢ Silicone L-45* 


| 
L.h4 
LE-450* 
Ucon Lubricants* 
Uleo Mold Soap* 


LUBRICANTS, RUBBER 


Diglycol Stearate Neutral 
(and SE) (dms.) Ib 

iextrud-o-Lube* gal 

G.B, Nap hthenic Neutrals* . gal 
' Chip 

Latex-Lube GR® (dlvd.)...lb 

No. 82-A* (450 lb. dms.) Ib 

Propylene Stearate (dms.) |b 


LUBRICANTS, RUBBER SURFACE 


Barium Stearate 

Calcium Stearate 
Crown Brand* 

1. Compound* 

D.C, 200 Fluid* 

BA? pcvoceegee 

G-E Silicone Fluid 

CH.92* 


Glycerized Lubri 


G! jiae B* 


Gly Lube" 
No 


HS¢ Me 
Hy« iro-Zine® 


Latex-Lube P igmented* 


Liqu: Lube® (divd.) 
N.F.* (dlvd.) 
1.T.* (diwd.) 
ubrex* 
i Cote 
Magnesium Stearate 
Crown Brand* 
Polyethylene Glycol 
Rubber Free (Concen 
trate) * oe 


Zinc Stearate 


MOLD CLEANERS 


Actusol® (divd.) 
Alkon® (divd.) 
N 1* 


Orvus Extra Granules 
Rubber-Sol® ..... 
Sprex A.C.* (divd.) 
Zip Mold Cleaner® 


PEPTIZING AGENI> 
Peptizer P-12* 
. Plast 


Ve pton 


PLASTICIZERS & SOFTENERS 


Acto 500° 
dipol BCA* 
* 


Anhydrol 6990" 
Arneel SD* 
Arolene 1980*° (c.l.) 
Aromatic Plasticizer 
(and 25*) 
Aromatic T- 


Bardol*® 
* 


sjondogen* 
B.R.C, No. 20° 
No be 
B.R.H, 2* 
BRS 700° 


Bunarex Resins* 


Bunatak AH* 
N* 


Butyl C “43 itol Perlargonate 
(dm. 
Butyl Celiosolve Perlargonate 
Co") eer Ib 
Butyl Oleate 
Butyl Palmitate 
sutyl Stearate 
ed eat ake é 
Cabflex DDA* 
DDP* 
Ii-BA* 
Di-OA* 
Di-OP* 
Pi-OZ4 
DOA* 


So tal 


Refit it 
‘arbowax 4000° 

rr i i 
I ed 
Refine le 
Refined, IP 
Yello 
‘elluflex® (dms.) 

S (ts ly 

179-A* (t'¢ 

79-C? (¢ 

79 FG* (ft 

DBP* (t.c., 
DOP* (t.c., 
TPP* (dms., eqid.) 
ere ! ix 
hlorowax 40* 

ene 

aye 

LV* 
CTLA Polymer*® 
Cumar Resins* 
Darex DBP* 

DOPp* 

DIOP* 
D.B.M.* news 
Decylbutyl Phthal 
Degras, Common 
Diallyl Phthalate 
Dibenzyl Sebacate ... 
Dibutoxyethy! Sebacate 
Dibutyl Phthalate 
Dibutyl Seba te 
Dicapryl Adipate 
Dicapryl Phthalate 
Dicapryl Sebacate .. Ib 
Di-Carbitol Phthalate (dms. .% 
Dicyclohexyl Phthalate 
Diethyl Phthalate (t.c.).. “Tb. 
Di-2-ethylhexy! Phthalate . .lb. 
Dihexyl Adipate .. Ib 


Dihexyl Phthalate 


lt 





TEAR TEST EQUIPMENT 


nn ~~. cuts efficiently 


fair prices 
reliable delivery 
good workmanship 


your inquiries are solicited 


THE AKRON EQUIPMENT CO. 


AKRON 9, OHIO 


) TIRE MOLDS 
SPECIAL MACHINERY 





SPPLEX 


CUT 2500 FEET OF STRIP PER HOUR 


The Simplex Model 
RB-2 is a new high 
speed, portable 
strip cutter that 


and accu- 


U. S. Patent 
2,294,497 


The new Model RB-2 has a maximum cutting thickness of two inches 
weighs 44.5 pounds, and is available in both A.C. and D.C. types 
Manually operated, the machine is capable of cutting up to 20,000 
feet of rubber strip in eight hours. A series of slits in the edge of 
the cutting blade carries water from a reservoir into the cut and not 
just to the top of the rubber being cut. This method lubricates the 
entire cut and produces a straight and even edge 


Simplex Cloth Cutting Machine Co., Inc. 
Manufacturers of a Complete Line of Cloth Cutting Machinery 
270 West 39th St. New York 18, N. Y. 
Cable Address—SIMPLEX, N. Y. Phone—WIsconsin 7-5547 

















Also publishers of: 
Rubber Trade Directory 
of Great Britain 
A Comprehensive Guide 
£3. 3s, Od. post free 











Rubber 


Telegrams & Cables: 

Buns, PHONE, LONDON 
Telephone: TEMple Bar 5273. 
Codes: BENTLEY’s, BROOMHALL, 


A.B.C, Sru Epirion. 


Leading authority on rubber matters. Among regular features 
are technical articles by experts dealing with the various aspects 
of natural and man-made rubber, the manufacture of rubber 
products and other matters of vital interest to all sides of the 


industry. 


The oldest paper in the world and the only weekly published 
in the English language devoted exclusively to the Rubber and 
Allied Industries. World-wide circulation, Unique news coverage. 


Journal 
The Organ of the Rubber and Allied Industries 


Annual subseription (including postage ) 
United Kingdom and Oversea, £2. 5s. Od. 
Index | half-yearly ). 108. Od. per annum extra. 


Specimen copy and advertising rates on application 
to the publishers: 


MACLAREN & SONS LTD 


Stafford House. Norfolk Street, London, W.C.2 








PLASTICIZERS & SOFTENERS (Cont'd) 


Dihexy! Sebacate 
Diisobuty! Azelate 
Db +0 , 
1)i-iso-o Pht ‘ 
Dimethy! Phthalate (t 
Dimethy! Sebacate 
Dinonyl Adipate 
Ding , 

Ipo* 

MOr* 


Dipolymer Oil 

Dispersing Oil 

Dutrex 6* 
15E* 

Elastex 10-P* 
50 ne 


I Hp 


bOr* 
GH* 
i) 


4 
Flexricin P-1* 
}’.4 


W 100° 
A ia 
I ight p rocess  Oii* 
Medium Process Oil* 
G.B. Naphthenic Neu 


His4 
Herron-H r. ° 
Herron. Pls 
Herron-W ax" 

No 23° 

No. 24° 

Ch 
Indonex 

6 

Isooct 
Kapsol* 
Kenfiex* 
Ke 


Mca)" 
BCI 


[* 
M X* 

Lanolin, Tecl Anl 

Latex. Lube rR 

Lead Oleate 

Lindol*® (dm ot 

Locusol No. 1 )* 

2 Mercaptoethanol (dms 

Metho 

Methy! Laurate 

Methy! Oleate 

+ pen Stearate (dms.) 

Do 


DB 


Flaked 
Morflex* 
MR 2088* (dms.) 
Natac* 
Nebor Resi 
Neolene 210° (t.c.) 
212° (te 
220° (t.c.) 
Nerium* 
Nevillac kesins* (dms.) 
Neville LX-880* | 
LX-685* (dm 
Neville Resins* 
Nevindene Re 
Nevinol* (dma 


PLASTICIZERS & SOFTENERS (Cont'd) 


Nu 1* (and 

No 480 ou root Resin®. 

Ohopex Q10* (dms.) 
R9* (dms.) 

Ortho-Nitrobiphenyt 

Ozokerite Wax, White 

Yellow 
Varadene Re 


} 


Para Flux* (dms.) 

2016* (dms.) 
Para Lube*® (1.c.L) 
j ( . 


Parmo* 
PG-16* 
Philrich 
Piney . 
6 )* (ar 

Piccocizer 30* 
Piccolastic A* 

E* 


‘lastac M* 
*lasticizer 2286* 
*lasticizer 4141° 
‘lasticizer DP 


DP 


I 
! 
I 
Pi 
Pien rventaroil* 
I 
I 
I 
I 


] LV 
!’ izer MP 
Plasticizer Ml 

j yer ODN 
Plasticizer Me 
Plasticizer W-13* 
Plastoflex 3* 


vs* 


ik D* 
Polyco 438° 
Polymel C-130"* . 


6* 
Process Oil (-255* (c.1.). 
AA hey Stearate (dms.) 


PT 67 Light ‘Pine Oil* 
(dms. ) ; 
Pine Tar Oil* (t 
Imes.) 
Pine Tar* (600° & 


int ) 


0310 
04% 
) “%4 
id 
Rosin Oil 
RR ( Neoprene)* 
R.S.O. Softening Oil* 
RuBars* 
Rubberol* 
Santicizer B-16* 
15% 
M 17 
N 140° 
No. 141° 
N 160° 
No, 602° 
No. 603° 
herolatum® 
flex DBES* 
DOS* 
IXA* 
KA* 


ranclind Petrolatum® 
Wax* 
Sunny South Burgundy 
Pitch*® 2000 
Pine Tar* 
Pine Tar 
Rosin Oil* 


PLASTICIZERS & SOFTENERS (Cont'd) 
Superla Wax 


cera Wax 
Syn Tac* (c.l.) 
Synthetic Revertant Oil. 
Tar, Fefined 
Ta ne 
Terpene A®* 
rp 20B* 
rP-95 
Tr ansph alt Resins* 
Ir I 


I ricre 
lurgun 
V anadiset > 
ce 
MR 80 Me 
Vistac No. 1* 
Pp* 


\ 


Vopcolene 50* 


PROCESSING AIDS 


Castor Oil, Blown (dms.) 
Refined (dms.) ........lb 

Castorwax® ..... ae 

DUG FT ccsccecoscesscom 

ELA* sannves “eeu 

Hydrofol Gls les Ib 

Kenflex N* 

Maleic Anhy 

Millrex*® . 


Pulverized* 


Zyrox* 


PROTECTIVE & STABILIZING AGENTS 


Acacia*® TTT TTT ee 12% 
Alpha P rotein ree 
4A roostoocrat* ] 
irob Bean Flou 
asein , “— 
mcol K-8300* (dm 
tthylene Diamine 68% 
rur Arab 
iraya (sur 
Locust Bean Gum 
Prosein® 
Stablex B* 
r* 


RECLAIMING AGENTS 
Amalgamator Z-4* 


, (28° 


Cc 
Cc 
Cc 
Cc 
C 


) eens 

‘austic Soda Flake 76% 
(c.] ims 

Liquid 

Solid 7¢ 

Cre li 4 

D-4* (t« : 

E-5* (tc 

Flake ( “alcium Chloride 

(77-80% ) 

G.B. Reclaiming Oil* 

CD-10* 

CD-50-U* decd epnene’s 
me G Ad ccscs 
Aromatic Naphtha 
7 Reclaiming Sol- 

vent*® 
LX-572 Reclaiming oil* 
LX-777 Reclaiming Oil* 
Neo F at, D-.242* 


No $17 BB. OB"..- 
535° 


67 Light Pine Oil* 
(dms.) . ’ 
101 Pine Tar Oil* 
150 Pine ‘Solvents* 
(dms.) 
ce”. GRAD aasees 
eclaiming Oil 3186-G* 
Reclaiming Reagent No. 
. 


“3g*° 


1 \ 
Solvent 534° vee re wee 
Solvent Oil 21° 


~~ OS Rh + 


VUiNBonose-— 


w& 
es 
es 


~~ 





Progression CUTTING 
LONG LIFE DIE S 


PRECISION 
FOR GREATER EFFICIENCY 
BEFORE 


nufacturers of Rubber and 
sti Products who deman 
i nd 


lies of precision 
f 


PROGRESSIVE “7. 


Main Office and Factory Branch Office and Factory 
2743 Locust a 82 S. CAMERON ST 

ST. LOUIS, HARRISBURG, PA 

Tel. IEFFERSON 1-4300 Tel, CEDAR 6-9329 


38 YEARS EXPERIENCE 
UTILITY FAN OR V-BELT COVERING 
MACHINE FOR VARIOUS SIZES 
AND CROSS-SECTION BELT 








UTILITY MANUFACTURING COMPAN) 
Cudahy, Wisconsin 
: UTILITY-MILWAUKEI 





Cable Address 
Long Distance Phone Call 
VILW AUKEE—SHERIDAN 4.7020 














WANT THe eth TALC? 


“MARINE” MAGNESIUM OXIDE 
(Maglite M) 


VALENCIA PUMICE 


ELK BRAND ANTIMONY OXIDE 





WHITTAKER 
CLARK & 
DANIELS, INc. 


260 West Broadway 
New York 13, N.Y 


Meee 








LABORATORY APPARATUS 
for the RUBBER INDUSTRY 


ROSS 
RUBBER 
FLEXING 
MACHINE 


(for ASTM 
D1052) 


RUBBER 
SAMPLE 
BUFFING 
MACHINE 


(Shown with Rotary Platen and Dust 
Collector with Suction Blower } 


EMERSON APPARATUS CO. 


183 Tremont St... Melrose, Mass. 











REINFORCING AGENTS—CARBON BLACK 


Chenne!l, Hard Processing (HPC) (bags) 
Atlantic HVC-9 


Cont 


Channe!, Medium Processing (MPC) (bags) 
Arrow MPC* 


Atlas Mi( } 


(rofl 
Dix 
Kosmeol 
M 


Channel, Easy Processing (EPC) (bags) 
Atlantic RVC J 


Channel, Conductive (CC) (bags) 


Continental K.4 

Dix Dustle 

Linu oltex* 

Kosmink Dustless 
ost oltex* 

( 


Voltex* 


Channel, Surface Treated (STC) (bags) 
lexa )* 


Conductive Furnace Black (CF) (bags) 
Aromex Cr* 


Atla 


Crofle 
Dix 


Shawinigan Acetylene 
Black* 


Extra-Conductive Furnace Black (ECF) (bags) 


Vulcan X¢ 


Furnace, Fast Extruding (FEF) (bags) 
Arovel FEE" 


witine ti 


Furnace, Fine (FF) (bags) 
Re 


Furnace, General Purpose (GPF) (bags) 
Pr 


Furnace, High Abrasion (HAF) (bags) 
Aromex HAF* 

Continex HAF* 

(roflex 60* 

Dixie ¢ 

Kosnu 

| 

pte 


Furnace, High Modulus (HMF) (bags) 
Continex HME* 
( rotiex 1" 
Dixie 40° 
Kosm« 1" 
Modulex HMEF* 
Statex 9J* 
Sterling 


REINFORCING AGENTS—CARBON BLACK 
(Cont'd) 


Furnace, Semi-Reinforcing (SRF) (bags) 


Continex SRF* 
(rotiex Zz 


Dix 


steele Raetynene 
Blac oe . 

" 

tering ‘ 


_ 


Furnace Super Abrasion (SAF) (bags) 


Furnace, Super Abrasion, Intermediate (ISAF) 
(bags) 


Furnace, Super Conductive (SCF) (bags) 


tlean SC* R00 


Thermal, Fine (FT) (bags) 


P-33 (c.l.)* 
t os | 


ling 


Thermal, Medium (MT) (bags) 

Shellblack® (+) pane : > . 0250 

Sterling MT (c.1.)* . -- : 0400 
MT Non-Staining (c.l * iby . .0500 

Thermax (c.1,)* Ib. - 0400 
Stainless “4 i. ohatipaws ‘Ib 0500 


REINFORCING AGENTS—SILICA 


Cab-O-Sil (compressed) * Ib 
Cab-O-Sil (uncompressed) * . Ib. 
DD, ¢ Silica (pelletized) * 
H 1 101* 

233° 

X303* 
Santocel*® 
Valron Ester 


REINFORCING AGENTS—MISCELLANEOUS 


Shellac* Ib 0 
Copolymer No. 3°, . Ib. 47 
39 


Darex Copolymer Latex 
L, 


No 

Durez 12¢ (and 1 
1) 

Good rite Resin 50° 
Hystron* 
Kralac A-EP* 
Lampblack 
Geckos S and S-1* 

8000* : 
Marmix® .... e's 
I’ ite Latex 150* 
Pliolite Resin Rubber 


Polyco 


P ypol 


RETARDERS 


Benzoic Acid TBAO.2*. 
Dutch Boy Normasal* 
ESEN® 


Good-rite Vuitrol® 
Harcopol 1183* 
Retarder J* 

Pb* 

w* 
Retardex* 


RUBBER SUBSTITUTES 


Mineral Rubber 
Byerlyte* ton 50.00 - 57.00 
Hard Hydro arbon 
(dms.)* eeeeeeeton 53.00 

Herron Flake* ton 
Mineral Rubber, Solid ....ton 42.50 
M. R. No. 38* ‘ * ton 00 
Witresin TS ee 


Vulcanized Vegetable Oils 


srown 
Car-Bel-Lite* 
Neophax* 
Polyrez A and 
Whit eeA 


Miscellaneous Rubber Substitutes 


G.B. Asphaltenes® eee . 06 
Gilsowax B* > .09 
Resin No. 1098 “(ims.). 

No. 1198* . 


lysonite* 


SOLVENTS 


Acetone (divd.) .. aces 
Amsco Lactol “oe 
(t.c.) . 

Naphthol Spirits® 

Mineral Spirits* 

Rubber Solvent® (t.c.). 

Solv A®* (t.c.) 

Solv A-80* (t.c.).. 

Solv B* 

Solv 
Solv 
Solv 
Solv 
Solv ; 
Solv G* 
oO) 

(t ° 
Sensial Textile Spirits® . gal. 
Super Hi- Flash 

N ipl th 3” 

Super Naphtholite® 
Textile Spirits* (t.c.).. 


Amy! Chlorides, Mixed 
(| \ 


Benzol 90% 
Butyl Acet 
But Alcohol 


Secondar 


yclohexane 

Diacetone ) 

Dichloretkyl Ether (dms ™ * 14% - 15 
Formal (dms.) 30% - 31% 

Dichioropentane (| | 

Dicom* 

Halowax Oil* 

Hleptanes® (t.c.) 

Hexanes 


Isopropy! Alcohol, Ref. 99% 


Ether ‘Ref (divd.) 
Mersol* peeeee 
Mesityl Oxide (divd 
Methyl Acetone, Syn. 

(dms., divd.) 
Methy! Chloride ee 
Methyl Et Ketone 
Methy} Isobt ityl Ketone 
Methylene ¢ pride lb 
N-5 Pentane Mix® (t.c.)..gal 
N-6 Hexanes* (t.c.) ... gal 
N-7 Hexanes® (t.c.) ....gal 
Penetrell* eens been ee eee 
Perchloret ne lb 
Petrolene* (t.c.) oseee Gal 
Picolines, Alpha, Refined. .lb 

Mixed lb 
Proprietary Solvent im gal 


reepy Acetate (t.c., 


Ale -ohol (t iIlvd.) 
50 Pine Solvent* 


Ouinoline 

Rubber Solvent (t.c.).... 

Rubsol (t.c.) 

Skellysolve B (Hexanes)* 
(t.c.) 

C (Heptanes)* (t.c.) 

R (Rubber Solvent)*. .gal 
Solvent, Crude, Light... .gal. 
Solvesso 100° (t.c.). .+ gal 

) (t ) >. ee gal 
Sunny South DD 

Dipentine*® ocee 
Sunny "South DD 

ine Oil*® 





This is the 
KAOLIN you've 
been looking for. 


Always satisfactory 
Always economical 
Always dependable 
Immediate Delivery 
Produced by the 
BELL Mine 
Batesburg, 
South 


Carolina 


WHITTAKER 
CLARK & 


DANIELS, INc. 


“The Tale House” 


LPS EARS UNIFORM HIGH AUEVE RS: 


1) | | | | | || || | zr; af km 


Mold Lubricants 


Non-Silicones 


260 West Broadway 


New York 13, N.Y, 





Silicones ©¢ 


We blend the mold lubricant to the job. Tell 
us your molding problems. We have a wide 
variety of standard lubricants from which to 
choose the one for your job. 


Write today for technical data and price lists. 


Stoner's Ink Company 
Quarryville, Pa. 


a0) R00 RR Rf RR Am A 


THE NAME TO REMEMBER 
FOR PRECISION 


7 


¢ NEIL 
j=) ae 
J Sine m) 


AKRON 








ea 





Manufacturers of the World’s 
Finest Rubber Curing Equipment 





=~ 


Don't let SCORCHED RUBBER 
spoil your day! 


Scorched rubber is a needless wast Pemperature can be 
controlled when known. Make the use of Cambridge 
Surface Pyrometers routine procedure in your plant 

There are models that are ideal tor 


| checking during calen 


ROLL 


Lemp rature 


dering, mixing, extruding and mold 


ing bach iistrument is iccural 


rugged and quick-acting ind takes 
the guesswork out of surlace te mpera 
ture determination 

Send for bulletin 104 SA 


CAMBRIDGE INSTRUMENT CO., INC. 
3503 Grand Central Terminal 
New York 17, N. Y 


CAMBRIDGE 


NEEDLE ° MOLD 


ang ROLL ° 


puunaniag! PYROMETERS 


THEY HELP SAVE MONEY AND MAKE BETTER RUBBER 


YOU MAKE 
THEM 

WE ROAD TEST 
THEM 


on the most natural 
Proving Grounds in America 


low ated in Devine lexa 
Antonio i 


This independent test fleet j 
J 


some thirty-two miles southwest of San 


US Hiway 81. Sponsors 


have a choice of three route 
from which to choose. ‘Test procedures are exible. lire 


rotation, cycle miles, number and frequen ot report 


or routing, can be a basis for discussion if the sponsor so 
We endeavor to operate to the best advantage 
Secause we are wholly independent 


desires 
of the sponsor, 
any organization, all information collected is respor 
to the sponsor only. 


Tires of all specifications tested—both passenger car and truck 


Your inquiries will receive prompt attention 


SOUTH TEXAS TIRE TEST FLEET INC. 


Phone: Morris 3-2123 DEVINE, TEXAS P.O. Box 95 


A. J. (AL) Morrow, President and General Manager 








SOLVENTS (Cont'd) STABILIZING AGENTS (Cont'd) 


Sunray’ 

Toluene (dms.) 
Tolug 
Trichlorethane 
Triglycol Dichloride 
| A 


2-50 W Hi-Flash* 
Xylol gai 


STABILIZING AGENTS (for Viny! Resins) 


A ; }t¢ 
hii 

HA 

CH 

cH 

} 


STIFFENING AGENTS 
Polyac* : 
Processing tiffener 
itose HDF, H 
. r, and E* 
Barium Ric versati! Gum 
Recon Meant 44 SUN CHECKING AGENTS 
t Vhite Ls V4 Allied AA-1144* ... 


Iba ate 
Cadmium Ricinoleate AA-1177*° 


Calcium Ricinoleate Antisol* . 
Dutch Boy DS-207* I ow (Chipped) 
A* Ib 9M (Slabbed) , 
313 Helozone* 
M icroflake* 
y icconol 
NBC* 
Ro 
Sunolite* 
127° 
154° 
Sunproof* 
713° 


Piumb.O 
Be 


41A " 
700" (dms,) 


Improved* 

Super* 

9." 
Tonox* 


SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS 


Anhydrapent* ‘e008 Ib 
Anhydrol 6990* Ib 


] 
’ 
18 in 

6991" 
I 


Harshe w Aquarex D* 


peselekos 
Kl y? 
ON-870* 
Igepal CA-63 
CO.630 
CO-730 
CO-850* 
CO-880*" . e° 
Igepon CN-42* 
{ « 
| . 
BOE” soespoases 
Kessco 50201* 


Pluronic L62* 
164° oo 

Sellogen Gel® 
yybean Lecithin 


TACKIFIERS 
Amalgamator Z-4* 
Ar » 620 h* 
6.30° 
$1.21" 
A .26* 
Bunaweld Polymer No. 780 
No. 5514° . 


(5a ) 

Indopol H-300* 

Koresin® 

Liquid Rubber Flux® 

Nacconal NRSF* (dlvy 
Bosin® (4 


ie I » I Resin V 


HR.50* ‘ » 
HR Liquid*® respi ri 
HR Paste* ) 7 nex 1 Gra 
HR VPowder* irex® (c.l.) 
I THICKENERS (For Latex) 
l Alcogum AN-6* 
AN-10° , 
PA-10* 
Betanol* (dms.) 
(,omme 
Good rite 
704° 
= K.705°® 
OM K-.707° 
Staflex OY* K-708° 


QXMA* K-710 


THICKENERS (For Latex) (Cont'd) 


Modicol VD* 13% 
VE* tvs 1IK% - 
Polyco 296 BT*. - Ib. 15 . 
296 N* re 3D 
bee” s 15 
P ropylene ‘Laurate 57 
dium Silicate, 4 


Solv tone Series® 


VULCANIZING AGENTS 
Selenium 


Vandex* 

on 

\ecro ” 
jack rd® (c.1.) 
Cloud*® (c.L) 


A* 
Dispersed Sulfur 
Insoluble Sulfur 60° 
Ko-Blend IS* iwaeae 
Mist* (Wettab le) l).. 
Spider* o<aeedested 


Tellurium 


WETTING AGENTS 


Advawet 10* 


MA 80%* 
OS* 
OT 75% Aqueous*® 
OT 100%* 
OT-B* 
Alrosal* (dms.) 
Alrosperse* 
Anhydrol 6990* and 6991*.. 
Areskap l 
Dry 00" 
Aresket Dr 
Aresklet 
Armacs* 
A rquads* 
Emeol 51 (dms,) 
Knerget W -106 
Etho- Chemic als* 
Ethomeen 
I 
Kesco, E-122* (dms). 


i coahe m 4D" (dm: ) 
gG* (dn 
yro EO* (dr 
Medico N* 


Na conol 
608* (d 
Naccono 
Nekal W 
Ws-9 
Orvus AB 

Parnol* 


Sorapon SF-7 
SF-78* .. 

Sorbit P* . 

Soybean Lecithin 

stablex G* l 

Tergitol 4° ( ie GES.) ee 
7* (dms., divd.). : _ lb 
O8* (dms., divd ) Ib 
P28* (dms., divd.).. Ib 

Trenamine W-30 .........lb 

PUNE” oo ces caeseceseoen 

Wetsit Conc.* rr lb 


MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS 
At quesperse 30° 
Arccopel W-18* 

Asbur Graphite* 

( x, ae Inhibitor X-872-L* 

[ ae 
2-Ethy! Hexanol 

Fura-Tone Resin 


MODX* 


1226* 
Para BR 
k 
k 
Rongal te C X* 


Sublac Re sin 
Synpep* 
I ko! 





HOGGSON TOOLs, MOLDS, DIES 


For Rubber Testing and Production 


We supply molds and dies for making 

eb ae test strips and slabs; ae 
also molds for flex test, compression 2° Centers 
set test equipment, adhesion test; 

also molds for making plastic test 

samples. In addition, we offer a line 

of hand tools for working rubber and 

plastics. Write us your needs. 


HOGGSON & PETTIS MFG. CO. 
141A Brewery St., New Haven 7, Conn tes 


BENCH 





Standard ASTM and Federal dies for cutting 


* s " tensile and tear strength samples, and 
Pac. Coast: H. M. Royal, Inc., Los Angeles dies for siab curing carried in stock, Write 
’ : i ‘ ' 


or catalog 





_—— 








ANTIMONY 


RED RUBBER 





© ATTRACTIVE 
* NON-DETERIORATING 


RARE METAL PRODUCTS CO. 
ATGLEN, PA. 


WHITE and BIOTITE 


LOWEST PRICED 
FROM OUR OWN 
LARGER SOURCE 


A MORE UNIFORM 
MICA FROM OUR OWN 
DOMESTIC MINES 


(UB Te English Hlica Co. 


STERLING BUILDING STAMFORD, CONN 


elec and 
plasticizers 


for rubber / from the pine tree 


ROSIN OIL @ PINE TAR 
BURGUNDY PITCH 
GALEX a non-oxidizing ROSIN 


Send for ‘Pine Tree Products” Brochure 


NATIONAL heme oil PRODUCTS, Inc 


Bidg Rockefeller Cer 


BIRDS 


that Audubon never knew ‘til now 


identifying Marks: Constant cry “Who Who 

. Who took my mag?” Can never put his hands 
on copy of magazine when he wants it most 
Always frustrated, easy prey to the Swift Grabber 


Knough additional coples ol 


Best Remedy: 
RUBBER AGE 1 
will take care of your Who’s Who each of your 


key men should have his own subseription 


Mail your order now. 


>uO around The coupon below 


RUBBER AGE, 
101 West 31st St., New York 1, N. Y. 
Please enter subscriptions to RUBBER AGE, 


starting with the next issue, for: 


Two Years One Year 


Three Years 
We understand that each subseription costs SIO for 3 


~ 


years, $7.50 for 2 years, and $5 for one year (I 
Rates). 


Send bill to: Each Person 


Company 


Name 
Name 
Name 


Cc ympany 








-— CLASSIFIED WANT ADS —., 


RATES Heading on separate line, $1.20 in light face; $1.80 in bold face. 
All Classifications (except Positions Wanted) : Advertisements in borders: $20.00 per column inch; maximum, 85 | 
12c per word in light face type—Minimum, $5.00 words per inch 


1é¢ per word in bold face type—Minimum, $5.00 All Classified Advertising must be paid in advance except for adver- 
Positions Wanted: (Light face type only) tisers on contract. Send check with copy. 
$1.00 for 25 words or less; extra words, Sc each. Replies to keyed advertisements will be forwarded to advertiser 


When Box Number is used, add 5 words to word count without charge. 
\ Address all replies to Box Numbers care of RUBBER AGE, 101 West 3lst St., New York 1, N. Y. y 
SS SS) OE _oaLh SS===[_L_ EDD=VIIS[=| LSa=__LLSS=>S | eSEaaDaBDHE_VWUWaaS_ = 


Copy for January, 1957, issue must be received by Friday, December 28th. 











POSITIONS WANTED HELP WANTED—Continued 








EXPORT ALJ EXECUTIVE. wit onsiderable experience in rubber IN SUNNY SOUTH CAROLINA 
machinery, chemicals, raw mater ecks position with aggressive or Rubber and Plasti Chemist and Compounder to head new development 
ganization wishing to expat ‘ ! gurate an export-import department group. Ph.D. preferred but not required A real opportunity in an expand 
Knowledge of French, Italian inish and Portuguese Excellent contacts ing company 
abroad Perfect healtl nd free t rave Can also handle sales corre CONTINENTAL TAPES 


ce Lddre tox 728-P, Russ , Cayce, South Carolina 


PECHNICAL SALESMAN: Well rated moderate sized eastern manutac 
turer of latex and solvent-based adhesives desires to contact men with active 
ollowing in above fields, various territori« Write Rupper Latex ComMPany 
or Amenica, 110 Delawanna Ave., Clifton, New Jersey. 


MANAGER, GRA GINEER, broad knowledge production, 
“ , ment f nagerial position with pro 
ermit applicant to purchase 


ompou g, al I 








DIRECTOR emist, over 25 years experi 
relations, sales, in tire la 
re ae EXPERIENCED RUBBER CHEMISTS 
lress Box 732-P, RupBes 
THINKING? 
. 
natural and eos . 
resently em About a position which offers you more challenge 
rubper end and opportunity? 
About living in pleasant suburban Philadelphia? 
Nepeetendnch alco AES is yest) « cae is Keasbey and Mattison need an experienced man 
cpecialties, specifica to develop elastomeric compounds and test them 
in the laboratory and in service. Expansion of 
eae tal work into plastics field probable. 


— Evening schools for advanced study in easy driv- 
ing or commuting distance. 
tic industrie s raduate ae : : 
ate eee. ee Please send resumé including educational back- 
ervice and sales devel ground, work experience and salary require- 
ments to: 
est selling chemical Technical Manager 


Sa hvees Ben 763 P, KEASBEY AND MATTISON CO. 
Ambler, Penna. j 
for mechanica \ Hj 


technical and prac 























(hemical-mechanical 


65-P, Rusner Aci EXECUTIVE TECHNICAL SALES OFFICE 


\ ee challenging oppor 
p f er and plastics chemicals and raw 
Exce ' caeeunding,  Prdven anne EMPLOYMENT SERVICE 
mplist 1 ile \\ n the rubber ane allied 
specialist for the “Rubber Industry” 
HAROLD NELSON 653 FIRST NATIONAL TOwER 
PHONE: PORTAGE 2-6601 AKRON 6, OHIO 





HELP WANTED 


SSSSSSSSSSESESESSSHSSSSSSHSESHHSESEHEHSSHSSHSSSESSSSESSSSESEOEEEE CHEMIST = CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 
RUBBER CHEMIST WANTED “Positions with the better firms” 


: ‘ An active, confidential service! 
Rubber Chemist having diversified product experience Interview at your convenience! 
with at least five years experience in laboratory or factory. 


“Many Junior Positions” ; 
Good starting salary. Excellent opportunity for advance- Call, write, or wire:-—-GLADYS HUNTING (Consultant) 
ment. Plant located in Pennsylvania. 


DRAKE PERSONNEL, INC. 
Address Box 733-W, RUBBER AGE 


220 So. State St., Room 628, Chicago 2, Ill. 
SSSSSSESSESSSSSHSSESSSSSSSSSSSSHSSEEHHEHHSSSESSEESESSESSCESCEEOSCOCSO 











HArrison 7-8600 








@ teeeeecereer ieee 
Srevsecceesececere 








RUBBER PLASTICS , SERVICES 


Uncured Stocks | Vinyl! — Polyethylene Mill — Compounding 


Scorched Compounds Bought — Graded — Sold Grinding, — Pelletizing 


Cured Overflow | Cuttings, trimmings, Overflow, Coloring 
Graded to specification | Slabs, Lumps, Discontinued Lots Virgin Dry — Blending 


ROTEX RUBBER COMPANY, INC., 1-23 saBEZ ST., NEWARK 5, N. J. TEL. MARKET 4-4444 





BUYING AND SELLING 





RUBBER AGE, DECEMBER 











HELP WANTED—Continued 


HELP WANTED—Continued 





ADHESIVE CHEMIST wanted 
res re-sensitive adhesive held \ 
For | laborator 


experience and 


WwW, RUBBER \Ge 


SALES REPRESENTATIVI 
ustrial, household—to guide and 
turer beginning production these line 
many mold cation New 


Address Box 759-W, Ruspen A 


<UBBER CHEMIST WANTED to take complete charge 
ontrol in molded goods plant located in New England 

ht mar ive complete resume nd salar 

ence Our empk 


rtunit lor the rig 
letter Answers held in 


Address Box 761 Ri 


‘BER CHEMIST 
kext or 


! 


RUBBER PI 


Ox tion 


eeeeccececoceoeoseses>> PLANT SUPERVISOR eeececcesecoesoeeoese 


UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY to join executive staff of one of America’s progressiv 
plastic manufacturers for man experienced in the extrusion of Polyethylene Layflat 
Tubing Proven ability to handie men and maturity in thinking are necessary 
qualifications, Salary commensurate with ability and experience Excellent future 
many additional benefits. Relocate in beautiful, peacetul, and healthful Connecticut 
River Valley—ideal setting for better family living. Replies held in the strictest 
confidence. Send résumé direct to 
President 
DEERFIELD PLASTICS CO., INC 
South Deerfield, Mass 

(SPSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSOHSEESESESSSSESESHOSSSSEHSESEECSEESEEEOECE 





VINYL CHEMIST 


Must be familiar with film sheeting and embossing opera 
tions. Experience in wall covering, floor covering ot 
similar products preferred. Must be free to work in 
Irenton or Boston area. Exeellent opportunity. Write 
giving full details to: 


AMERICAN BILTRITE RUBBER CO. 
Trenton, New Jersey 














RUBBER COMPOUNDER 
RUBBER CHEMIST 


Io supervise a program in compound development and 
technical service embracing the major applications of 
natural and synthetic rubbers. Please send resumé giving 
experience and salary requirement to 


M. W. Cox 


UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY 
30 Algonquin Road 
Des Plaines, Ill. 


+ + 











COP PPP PII ILI LIPIPLOLLLELIIILLLL ELLIE LL LOLOL ELLLE EEL L EES 
; »>LANT MANAGER 
2 I LA! 4 PAN PRU 


Heavy experience in production and development of latex 
rubber products to assume complete responsibility for op 
erations. Progressive company Mid-West location offers ex 
cellent future for the right man, Outstanding potential for 
development and diversification of products which will in 

Write complete de 


crease earnings of successful manager. 
tails, 


Address Box 739-W, RUBBER AGE 


PPPPPPPLELOLPLLEL ELL ELOLELLELELLOLOLELELOLELLLLELLOR 





\\ 


} 





a 
Chief Chemist for research and development of latex products. 


Mid-West location. Excellent opportunity with expanding and 
open—company paid benefits 


LATEX CHEMIST _ 








progressive company. Salary 
All replies will be treated confidentially. Please send resumé 


Address Box 738-W, RUBBER AGE 











ARE YOU THIS MAN? 


There’s an opening at RUBBER AGE for an 
editor—a young man, 25-35, who likes to 
write, to meet people, to find out “why”. 
We'd prefer one with a technical background 
in a rubber shop or else some broad expert 
ence in the field. He should have a knowledge 
of the industry’s everyday problems and the 
systems by which rubber is usually processed. 


There’s no glamour and no ivory towers, but 
plenty of hard, satisfying work, Working 
conditions are excellent with good future 
prospects and the usual insurance, medical, 
surgical, and pension benefits, Salary com 
mensurate with ability and background. All 
replies will be held in absolute confidence 
Send recent snapshot and resumé to: 


M. E. Lerner 
c/o RUBBER AGE 
101 West 31st St., 
New York 1, N. Y. 











~ 


SHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSESSESESSSESSSESSESSSSHSSSSHSESESOCESEESE 


to show the box number on the envelope when writing to classified 
advertisers—that's the only way we can identify the advertiser to 
whom you are writing. 
Address your letters to— 

Box Number (show number) 

c/o RUBBER AGE 

101 West S3lst Street, 

New York 1, N. Y. 


Announcing from the Orient! 
The Only Colloidal Whiting in the 
World as a Proven Rubber Reinforcer 


AKUENKA 


Special attention to Export Trade 
SHIRAISHI KOGYO KAISHA, LTD. 
Kitahama, Osaka, Japan 














| Directory of CONSULTANTS | 


R. R. OLIN LABORATORIES, INC. 

(Established 1927) 
Consultation—Development—Research for rubber and plastics Industries and 
for raw materials cuppliers for same 
P. ©. Box 372RA — Akron (9), Ohio Tel HEmiock 4-3724 

SOUTH FLORIDA TEST SERVICE 

(Established 1931) 

Corrosion, weathering and sunlight tests. Four locations in Southern Florida 
for inland, salt atmospheric, tidewater and tota! immersion exposure tests. 
4201 N. W. 7th $t., Miami, Florida 
PHILIP TUCKER GIDLEY 
Consulting Technoiogist—Research, product development, formulas, factory 

plans, engineering, chemical and physical testing 
Feirhaven, Massachusetts 


HALE AND KULLGREN, INC. 
Specialists in Process and Plants for Rubber and Plastics 
A Complete Engineering Service; including: Economic Surveys; Process Design; 
Installation: Contracting and Operation 
613 €. Talimadge Ave., Akron 10, Ohio 


Foam, Tire and Rubber Goods Plants and Equipment, 
Mechanical and Electrical Designs, Engineering Supervision 


JOHN F. MOORE, 100 Hillsdale Avenue, West, Toronto 7, Ont., Canada 








THE JAMES F. MUMPER CO. 
ENGINEERS 


Plant design, buildings, services. Process & equipment devel- 
cost reduction, Surveys & Reports. 
Akron 8, Ohio 
JEfferson 4543 


opment, Modernization 


313 Everett Bidg. 
Phone: JEfferson 5939 


PELMOR asorarories 


DEVELOPMENT — PROCESSING 











RESEARCH 


Hard and Soft Rubber and Plastics 


Compounding and Formulation @ Testing 
Processing and Methods @ Development Projects 
Lab Planning and Organization @ Molds, Mold Design 


Engineering and Consulting Services. 
Write: Coleman P. Morgan, President 


401 Lafayette St. Newtown, Penna. WOrth 8-3334 


see BLACK waa 


Master Batching 
Mixing of all kinds 
BESTREAD PRODUCTS CO. STOUGHTON, MASS. 


To Your Specification 


K. B. C. INDUSTRIES, INC. NEW HAVEN, CONN. 


88! State St. Tel: State 7-5662 
Otte J. Lang, General Manager 














BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES 





meta 


PRECISION MOLDING to 
1 bonding Desire ib-contract 


s Box 7 B, Rr 


W PATENTED PROCESS for 
tire I proce high! 
to an Kir ot nbder I lor 


For more infor 





WANTED TO BUY 


MECHANICAL RUBBER PLANT 


Small/Medium size 


BY OLD EST. MFGR. INTERESTED IN EXPANSION 


Give particulars — Principals only 


ADDRESS BOX 755-B, RUBBER AGE 








Custom 
MIXING «nusser.rLastics 


We do milling and compounding of all 


types—black or color—master batches 


All mixing done under careful 


supervision and laboratory control. 


Phone: Butler 9-0400 





Pequanoc Rubber Co. 


A 
AN 


RERS OF REC 


MAIN SALES OFFICE and FACTORY: BUTLER, N J 











EQUIPMENT WANTED 

















CUSTOM MILLING AND MIXING 
SOLVENT CEMENTS—ADHESIVES—COATINGS 


Your Formula or Ours—Prompt Delivery 


CHARLESTON RUBBER COMPANY 


Coatings Division 
6 Stark Industrial Park—Charleston, South Carolina 











RUBBER LAB FOUIPMENT WANTED for developmenta 
Sigma Mixer, weighted cover preferred 

Calender, & x 6 three r two-roll preferred 

Hydraulic Pre 
Weather-(). Meter 
Pensile Abrasior 


ingle 1” x 4 
! lex ¢ 
Addre tox 7 EK, Rupeer Act 


WANTED j Scott Tester 


For 
Foam Rubber 


Address Box 758-E, RUBBER AGE 





All kinds of used machinery for 
the Rubber and Allied Industries 


Hydraulic Presses, Laboratory Millis and Presses, 
Electrically Heated Portable Belt Vulcanizers 
Drilled Steel Steam Platens, Rubber Bale Cutters 
guillotine type, Vulcanizers with quick opening 
doors, etc 


BUYING-SELLIN 
— 


EW 
MACHINERY 


HIGH EFFICIENCY IN QUALITY, PRICE AND DELIVERY TIME 


ERIC BONWITT 43! S. Dearborn Street Chicago §, Ill. 




















EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 


EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 





f 


I 


Complete Line of Rubber and Plastics Machinery 


CUTTERS, ore PLASTIC 
gh - M.D 
DIE CASTING aces 
"EXTRUDERS 


elletizit id, 60 HP, M.D 
INJECTION MOLDING MACHINES 


H 


B ect in operat 
MILLS, RUBBER PLASTIC 
ry, 744 HP, M.D 


PRESSES, HYDRAULIC 
M.D 


t 
acti 


M.D 


iten M.D 


PULVERIZER 
’ Butt 
FURNACES AND OVENS 


pure 
He 


MIXERS 


CALENDERS 
Hy i 
TAKE-UP EQUIPMENT 
TRIMMER 
IMPREGNATORS 


PAINT/INK MILLS 
PELLETIZERS 


RECACTORS 


JOHNSON MACHINERY COMPANY 


683-R Frelinghuysen Avenue 
WHAT HAVE YOU FOR SALE? 


Bigelow 8-2500 5, New Jersey 


WHAT ARE You LOOKING FOR? 
xt f 


vwwewrrVVYYVYVY_YYeYeeererrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrtT?T? 








STEEL CALENDER STOCK 
SHELLS 








ALL STEEL, ALL WELDED CONSTRUCTION, with 
forged steel hubs for 144”, 144” and 2” square bars. 

4”, 5”, 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”, 15”, 20” and 24” diameters. Any 
length. 


Also Special Trucks (Leaf Type) Racks, Tables and Jigs, 
Used in manufacturing rubber and plastic products. 


THE W. F. GAMMETER COMPANY 


CADIZ, OHIO 


H 
iH 


Various size rubber mills and presses in stock 
We specialize in rebuilding rubber and plastics machinery 
All of our rebuilt machinery is quaranteed 
Buying and selling. 

















Keliable 


RUBBER & PLASTIC MACHINERY CO. INC 
2014 UNION TURNPIKE NORTH BERGEN WN. J 
PHONE: UNION 585-1073 





AKRON RUBBER MACHINERY CO., INC. 


200 South Forge St., Akron 9, Ohio, Phone HEmliock 4-9141 


We are one of the foremost specialists in supplying NEW—Laboratory mills, hydraulic presses, extruders, 


everything in used, reconditioned, and new ma- ARMAACco bale cutters, and vulcanizers. We are interested in 


chinery for the Rubber and Plastics industries only purchasing your surplus machinery or complete plant. 








EQUIPMENT FOR SALE—Continued 








PUBLIC AUCTION | 


SSSS====—=—===————SSS———_, 
Pursuant to an order by the owners, we will, on 
TUESDAY JANUARY 8, 1957 10:30 AM EST 


offer for sale 


RUBBER MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT 
on the premises 
724 Babeock St. Cor. of William St., Buffalo, N.Y. 
MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT 


hiner Cons hI 
] HOboken r ber 


Machinery 


Tat 4 | 
rams, 66 tor ia i y tor " x od - 
24 tons; D&B ee HPM Transfer Molding 7 yn 
Preform Presse ( DD MD; New Univer ’ otis . ehe 
Dual Pumping U1 ] 1 | enders ry . 
eS ae ee i 1 on ee ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT & MISCELLANEOUS 


Hyprautic Macnin v 0 treet, New York 13, } nging from HP to 


> piu 
repair part 


Ol ' 0 & ( ‘ ane nd , 
out Waldror é ip t HP 
Machine mod 0 tf 

im shelf d 

nd kettle We p r 

i ft Philadel ot ne ! er be ng; bucket rope; pipe 
STEEL & SCRAP 
of structura teel 

| 

{ ' 


Terms of Sale—Cash or Certified Check 
FIR OI IOI A AAA AISA ASSIA ASISASSAI AAA A AA A I For Information Phone or Write 


Matthew J. Anderson—Crosby Building—Buffalo, N. Y. 
Need Additional Equipment? MOhawk 2050 


Advertise in the Classified Section of AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL AUCTIONEERING CO., INC. 


RUBBER AGE Auctioneers — Appraisers } 
REC eC CCC CSCC CC CCCCCCCCCCSCCSCSCCCCS CSS S| = 
Bediord-Bolli Co.. I 
ediord-Bolling Co.. Ine. 


3190 East 65th Street ° Cleveland 27, Ohio 


40 End Cap Mill 50 HP Drive i—i6” x 36” 3 Roll Comb. Calender 30 HP Drive 
18” End Cap Mill 60 HP Drive i—14”" x 30” 2 Roll Calender with 15 HP Drive 
O" «x 12” Farrel Lab. Mill 2—400 HP Falk Reducers, 5.32 to | Spare Banbury Rotors 
0 HP Package Boiler 1502 Steam Pressure Misc. Large Pressure Bottles 5’ x 10° Steam Piatens 


Used and Rebuilt Machinery for Rubber and Plastic Processing 


NEW and REBUILT MACHINERY 


L. ALBERT & SON 


Trenton, N, J. Akron, 0. Chicago, Ill, Los Angeles, Calif. 





























USED RUBBER WORKING MACHINERY "Hone: 


YONKERS 
Always ready to fill your machinery requirements. 3-7455 
New or Used CABLE 

Spot cash for your used surplus machinery. WILTAPPER 

YONKERS, 
N.Y. 


30 South Broadway, Yonkers, N. Y. 





Index to Advertisers 








Accurate Steel Rule Die Manufacturers 
Adamson United Co 

Aetna-Standard Engineering Co 
Akron Equipment Co 

Akron Rubber Machinery Co 

Akron Standard Mold Co 

Albert, L.. & Son 

Alco Oil & Chemical Corp 

Allied Chemical & Dye Corp 
Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co 


American Cyanamid Co 
Intermediate & Rubber Chemicals 


Dept Insert Following 566 
Pigments Div 395 
American Enka Corp 
American Synthetic Rubber Corp 4\7 
American Viscose Corp 550 
American Zinc Sales Co 
Ames, B. C., Co 
Argus Chemical Corp 
Atlas Electric Devices Co 


Baker Castor Oil Co 
Baker, J. T.. Chemical Co 
Bedford-Bolling Co., Inc 
Bell Kaolin 

Bestread Products Co 
Bolling, Stewart, & Co., Inc 
Bonwitt, Eric 

Borden Co., Chemical Div 
Brockton Cutting Die & Machine Co., Inc 
Brooklyn Color Works, Inc 
Brown Co 

Burgess Pigment Co 


Cabot, Godfrey L., Inc 
Cambridge Instrument Co., Inc 
Carey, Philip, Manufacturing Co 
Carter Bell Manufacturing Co 
Cary Chemicals, Inc 404 
Charleston Rubber Co 580 
Chemical Publishing Co., Inc ~ 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 578-82 
Cleveland Liner & Manufacturing Co 420 
Clifton Hydraulic Press Co 5862 
Columbia-Southern Chemical Corp 433 
Columbian Carbon Co Insert Following 512 
Concord Mica Corp - 
Consolidated Products Co 582 
CONSULTANTS SECTION 580 
Continental Carbon Co 421 
Continental Machinery Co., Inc 
Copolymer Rubber & Chemical Corp 

Insert Following 548 
Coulter, James, Machine Co 
Cumberland Engineering Co., Inc 346 
Cylinder Manufacturing Co., Inc : 


D. P.R. Inc 556 
Darlington Chemicals, Inc 563 
Davis Standard Sales Corp - 
Day, J. H.. Co 402 
Dayton Rubber Co 569 
Diamond Alkali Co., Pure Calcium Prod Div. 416 
Dow Corning Corp 436 
Drake Personnel, Inc 578 


du Pont de Nemours, E. |., & Co., Inc 
Elastomers Div Second Cover 


Durez Plastics Div., Hooker Electrochemical Co 


Emery Industries, Inc 

Emerson Apparatus Co 

English Mica Co 

Enjay Co., Inc 

Erie Engine & Manufacturing Co 
Erie Foundry Co 


Falls Engineering & Machine Co 
Farre|l-Birmingham Co. Inc 
Ferro Corp 

Ferry Machine Co 

Fiek, F. J.. Co 

Firestone Tire & Rubber Co 
Flexo Supply Co., Inc 

French Oj! Mill Machinery 


Gammeter, W. F.. Co 

General Latex & Chemica! Corp 

General Magnesite & Magnesia Co 

General Porcelain Manufacturing Co 

General Tire & Rubber Co 

Genseke Brothers 

Gidley, Philip Tucker 

Giffels & Valiet Inc 

Glidden Co 
Chemicals-Pigments-Metals Div 

Goodman, G. F., & Son 

Goodrich, B. F., Chemical Co 

Goodrich-Gulf Chemicals, In 


Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co 
Chemical Div 


Gross, A., & Co 
Gummi und Asbest 


Hale & Kuligren, Inc 

Hall, C. P., Co 

Harshaw Chemical Co 
Harwick Chemical Co 
Hercules Powder Co., In 
Heveatex Corp 

Hoggson & Pettis Manufacturing Co 
Holliston Mills, Inc 
Holmes Stanley H., Co 
Hooker Electrochemical Co 
Howe Machinery Co., Inc 
Huber, J. M., Corp 


Indoil Chemical Co 

Industrial Ovens, Inc 

Institution of the Rubber Industry 
Irvington Varnish & Insulator Div 


Johnson Corp 
Johnson Machinery Co 
Johnson Steel & Wire Co 


Kautschuk und Gummi 
K. B. C. Industries, Inc 
Kellogg, M. W., Co 
Korbet Corp 


La Goma 

Lambert, E. P.. Co 
Lehmann, J. M., Co., Inc 
Litzlier, C. A., Ine 


Mapico Color Division 

Marbon Chemical Div 

Marine Magnesium Div 

Maryland Cork Co., Inc 

Mast Development Co., Inc 
McNeil Machine & Engineering Co 
Merck & Co., Inc 


Monsanto Chemical Co 
Rubber Chemicals Dept 


Plastics Div 

Moore, J. F 

Mt. Hope Machinery Co 
Mount Vernon Mills Inc 
Muehistein, H., & Co., Inc 
Mumper, J. F.. Co 


National Aniline Div 

National Forge & Ordnance Co 
National Roll & Foundry Co 
National Rosin Oj! Products, Inc 
National Rubber Machinery Co 
National Standard Co 


Naugatuck Chemica! Division 
U. S. Rubber Co 


Nelson Employment Service 
Neville Chemica! Co 
New Jersey Zinc Co 


Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp 
Olin ~ ” L sborator es 
Osborn Manufacturing Co 


Pan American Chemicals 
Parsons-Plymouth, M. W., Inc 
Pasadena Hydraulics, Inc 
Paterson Parchment Paper 
Pelmor Laboratories Inc 


Pennsylvania Industrial Chemi: 


58! 
544 
569 
438-39 


580 


424-25 
39! 
423 


Insert Following 398 


414, 580 


430 


Back Cover 


400 


577 


426 





Pequanoc Rubber Co 394, 580 

Petro-Tex Chemical Corp 

Phillips Chemical Co 392-93 

Pittsburgh Steel Co 412-13 

Polychemicals Division, West Virginia Pulp and 
Paper Company 

Polyme!l Corp 

Polymer Core Ltd 


Progressive Service C« 


Rand Rubber Co 

Randall, Frank E., Co., In 
Rare Metal Products Co 
Reliable Rubber & Plastic Machinery 
Revue Générale du Caoutchou 
Rhodia, Inc 

Richardson, Sid, Carbon Co 
Rotex Rubber Co., In 

Royle, John, & Sons 

Rubber Corp. of Americ 
Rubber Age Books 

Rubber Journal 

Rubber Red Book 


St. Joseph Lead Co 
A. Schrader's Son, Div 
Schulman, A., Inc 
Scott Testers, Inc 


Scovill Mfg ‘ 
Third ¢ 


Sharples’ Brand Chemicals, Pennsalt Chemicals 
Insert Following 4 


Shaw, Francis & Co Ltd 

Shell Chemical Corg sert Fo 
Shiraishi Kogyo Kaisha, Ltd 
Siempelkamp, G., & Co 

Simplex Cloth Cutting. Machine Co., In 
Skelly Oil Co 

Snell, Foster D., Inc 

South Florida Test Service 

South Texas Tire Test Fleet, Inc 
Southeastern Clay Co 

Southern Clays, Inc 

Spadone Machine Co 

Stamford Rubber Supply Co 

Stoner Rubber Co., Inc 

Stoner's Ink Co 

Sun Oil Co 

Superior Manufacturing Co., Inc 


Tapper, William 

Taylor Instrument Companies 
Taylor-Stiles & Co 

Testing Machines Inc 

Texo Corp 

Textile Proofers Inc 

Thiokol Chemical Corp 
Thomaston Mills 


Thropp, William R Sons, Div 
J. M. Lehmann Co 


Titanium Pigment Corp 


Turner Halsey Co 


Union Carbide & Carbon Corp 

United Carbon Co., Inc Insert Fo 
United Clay Mines Corp 

United Engineering & Foundry Co 
United Rubber Machinery Exchange 


U.S. Rubber Co 
Naugatuck Chemical Div 


U. S. Rubber Reclaiming Co., Ir 
Universal Hydraulic Machinery Co 
Universal Oill Products Co 

Utility Manufacturing Co 


Vanderbilt, RT Co 
Velsico! Chemical Corp 


Wellington Sears Co 

West Virginia Pulp and Pape 
Western Supplies Co 

White. J J Products Co 
Whittaker Clark & Daniels 
Williams, C. K., & Co., Inc 
Witco Chemical Co 

Woloch, George, Co 

Wood, R. D., Co 


¢ 





oe pp Gays 


As we near the close of a most pleasant year 
we extend to all our customers and other friends 


a message of happiness and good cheer. 


It was your loyalty and support that made 1956 
a happy year for all of us. We sincerely hope 
we also contributed to your good fortunes and 
shall look pleasantly forward to continued 


cordial relations for all of 1957. 


gu Richa cdson 


CARB ON 


FORT WORTH, TEXAS 

















—__ 


GENERAL SALES OFFICES 
EVANS SAVINGS AND LOAN BUILDING 
AKRON 8, OHIO 








AKRON, OHIO 
790 E. Tallmadge 
HEmlock 4-4124 


LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 
1127 Wilshire Blvd 
MAdison 9-1493 


NEW YORK CITY 
460 Park Ave 
MUrray Hill 8-4774 


BOSTON, MASS. 
738 Statler Bldg 
Liberty 2-2717 


E. ST. LOUIS, ILL. 
14th & Converse 
BRidge 1-5326 


A. SCHULMAN INC., LTD. 
Ibex House, Minories 
LONDON E.C. 3, ENGLAND 
Telephone: Royal 4989 


A. SCHULMAN (U.5.A.) GmbH 
Bodekerstrasse No. 22 
HANOVER, GERMANY 
Telephone: 2-6212 


plastics 


synthetic 
rubber 


natural 
gO holel-ts 


(CRUDE and SCRAP) 


ar-tge 
rubber 


dust FRANK M. FRANCIS 
Vice President and Manager of 
A. Schuiman, tne 


West Coast Division 





A Pertect Match? 


... MEVER HEARD 
OF Ir it! 


Even in identical twins there 
may be some difference — But with 


I STAN-TONE 


ft (Matching i isa Certainty in nf. 


For Any Rubber and 


Plastic compounding , 
Requirement... / 


For faster pigment incorporation, cleaner color and 
more color permanence in the finished product — 


*STAN-TONE MBS — Masterbatch 


Color plastic dispersed. Standardized in color intensity for preci- 
sion color matching, cleaner compounding. 


*STAN-TONE PC — Paste... 


Color dispersed in plasticizer for organosol, plastisol and calen- 
dered vinyl resins. 


*STAN-TONE GPE... 


Color dispersed in polyethylene, for polyethylene, rubber and 
vinyls. 


*STAN-TONE e « e Rubber and Vinyl! inks 
*STAN-TONE... 


Dry Colors — All colors for all purposes. 


ior any need 
k Standard Chemical Co 


~ a 


*STAN-TONE 
PEC 


Polyester Paste Colors- 


Pigments selected for 
maximum heat and 
light stability and 
CUSTOM-MATCHED 
to your exact color 
requirements in poly- 


ester resins. 





40th YEAR 


Rubber Age 


COVERING THE MANUFACTURE OF RUBBER AND RUBBERLIKE PLASTICS PRODUCTS 


saat Bl High quality at 
low volume cost. 


In This Issue 











FORECAST FOR 1957 


A combination effort on the 
part of the editors and 


some of the industry's lead- 
ing authorities. 
Pages 645-660 


How carbon 

blacks react 

with certain 

inorganic 

compounds ...Page 661 








Easy and safe processing. 
y g 


Softener data 

vital to = mis 
compoun er. - page " 
Good product performance 


nm Servuce. 


Letters ...... 





News Hilites ..page 684 


ee Combinations of » with 
| Channel or fine particle 
furnace Blacks are effective for 


; eee 
al lo | W R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. 


230 Park Avenue + New York 17, New York 





Contents ..... page 593