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Sometimes, brickbats do a lot of good. For instance— 


Some years ago, there was talk that beer drinkers would 
appreciate the convenience of beer in cans . . . that beer 
in cans would be a fine thing from the brewer’s angle, too. 


But, 2t the time we’re speaking of, beer had never been 
successfully put in cans. And an awful lot of brickbats 
were tossed around as this packaging problem progressed. 
Here are some of them: 


> “The public will never accept beer in cans.”’ This brick- 
bat only made us more stubborn. Today, canned beer is 
preferred by millions. 





> “You'll never find a can that will hold 80 pounds per 
square inch of pressure.” This brickbat spurred us on. We 
designed such a can. 








> “You'll never find a suitable lining.” We did. Our 
suppliers helped materially. Eventually they produced it to 
our rigid specifications and in tremendous quantities as 
production increased. 





> “You'll need special filling machinery. You haven’t got 
it.’ Designs were made and a machine built. Then with 
the aid of filling machine companies, the needed machinery 
for mass production was turned out. 





“Nobody can open canned beer with an orii 
nary opener.”’ So we made an opener which was 
distributed free. Launched our canned beer in 
Richmond, Virginia. Virtually overnight, i 

was a national wow. 
Yes, opposition heaved brickbats at every step in devel 
oping the famous can for beer and ale trade-markel 


“*Keglined.”” But—ah, those wonderful brickbats! — they 
only drove us on. 


There are scores of other packaging problems which We 
have solved in the face of equal difficulties. Why not le 
us tackle the ones you'll be bucking up against after the 
war? Our research facilities are unparalleled. And we like 
brickbats. Consult our representative or write: 




















TECH NOLOGY DEPT! 


10 LIBRARY} 


JANS 162) 


DECEMBER ° 1944 









CHARLES A. BRESKIN, Publisher 
CHRISTOPHER W. BROWNE, Editor-in-Chief 
LLOYD STOUFFER, Editor 

PEARL HAGENS, Managing Editor 

JULIA J. HICKS, Assistant Editor 

CHARLES A, SOUTHWICK, JR., Technical Editor 
R. L. VAN BOSKIRK, Washington Editor 
JOSEPH BOLOGNA, Art Director 

FLORENCE GETTER, Editorial Assistant 


@ 


Member of Audit Bureau of Circulations 


ALAN S. COLE, 


General Manager 


P. H. BACKSTROM M. A. OLSEN 
DANIEL M. BROADS Production 
F. L. POSNER Circulation 


J. M. CONNORS 
221 N. La Salle St. 


R. C. BEGGS 
815 Superior Ave. Cleveland 14, Ohio 


L. B. CHAPPELL 
427 West 5th St. Los Angeles 13, Calif. 






Chicago, /Il. 













NEXT MONTH 


In our January issue we 
will present the first of 
a series of 12 covers by 
Peter Piening, one of to- 
day’s leading designers of 
magazine art. Mr. Pien- 
ing is one of the few 
graduates in the United 
States from the Bauhaus 
at Dessau, famous school 
of functionalism in pre- 
Hitler Germany.  Bril- 
liantly, through symbols 
of form and color, he tells 
the story of packaging in 
a new way. 











All editorial contents bearing on military 
subjects have been approved for publication 
by the Armed Services. 


MODERN PACKAGING is regularlyindexed 
in the Industrial Arts Index. 


EXECUTIVE and EDITORIAL OFFICES: 


Breskin Publishing Company. 
under the Act of June 4, 1934, at Easton, Pa. 








122 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y. 
Published the 5th of each month by Breskin Publishing Company. 


MODERN PACKAGING 


VOLUME 18 


DECEMBER 1944 


General 
PATTERN FOR A TEST OF CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE 
Coffee users voice their package likes and dislikes 


bois FO BR Do | ne eer 
It seals spark plugs in plastic skin, 4,000 an hour 


a ee eT re Te 
Germ-free envelopes for sulfa mechanically filled and sealed 


EE Pe ee rr re 
It’s doing a big war job—what of the future? 


ae Be ee re 
Model organization in a large mail-order house 


EE I neni Heatensure teases eeven nea benees 


Ee here ree Te 
The Snider Family moves onto the labels 


EE cine tk eon ech eenrecegdiead~sinssgeet enna 
How a large distiller works with his suppliers 


cs ee ee ee 


DESICCANT FOR BOTTLE CAPS.. 
First application of Method II to a peacetime product 


EE Wa ra seconde sora nie ere Sapeids even e Simiav'el Siu nieiars oaNEL a ues 
They make it pay, the Texas way 


(3) SSN 
Their use in sterile packaging operations 


CONSUMER CONVENIENCE... 
Even in a seller’s market, it must not be overlooked 


J Gt Ss 1 | de ry 


TY MII iiint:5ih. 6d) Was bee ecw wns s RRO ada ele Kaye 
Tobacco assortment to tempt variety smokers 


Technical 


DIPHENYL IN CITRUS WRAPS.. 


Performance tests on a new preservative impregnant 


PEAS BEG (Cr aaa oye eis oi ween ae SAAD OSieis wie 
A new and better method of measuring their strength 


I er ee eee ee ee ee 
Properties and characteristics of an important new plastic 


a a I oso sy orsaus oBeraneh gh genenapaive auellausi'svaenle! Udi widedne 
The Todd method of measuring permeability of films 


QUESTIONS AND BNW BRS. ies scene sineciesceecwes ace emeals 


Departments 


WASHINGTON REVIEW 
ois HERR REINS, DRUG a 500355 Ciguenaiiond-e,ceniriorairaviensive wi Sines onaveleneherense ls 
BOULTPIMEN TAN D MATE REAG Os oie 5 0s0sresaisiaereianeearrarneiers 
PE EMI CRONE gE seca: 135 po wi GEN HAUSE SAM Re eee 
OER CP EN Cee PIN ois Wo nsisniS alee ieee ore snes eevee ere 


NUMBER 4 


“J 
or 


80 


82 


88 


92 
94 


96 


98 
100 


102 


104 


107 


180 
110 


WASHINGTON OFFICE: 625 Colorado Bldg., 14th & G Sts., D. C. 6 


Publication office: Twentieth and Northampton Sts., Easton, Pa. Subscription $5.00 pef 
year in United States; Canadian, $5.50; foreign, $6.00. Two-year subscription: United States, $8.00; Canadian, $9.00; foreign, $10.00. 
tions payable in United States currency or equivalent in foreign currency computed in current exchange. Price this issue, 50¢ per copy. ——— 1944 by 

All rights reserved including the right to ‘reproduce this book or portion thereof in any form. Printed in U.S. 
Authorized October 7, 1936. 


All foreign subscrip- 


Acceptance 

































SREY: Crewe = 





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PC PLANE 


HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN ... concentrated life-saving fluid... 
has been invaluable, especially where limitations of transport 
space are severe. x * * The Kimble Glass Company is proud 
of its service in supplying containers of Neutraglas and small 
glass fittings used for filtering and observation during 
administration ... essential parts of the compact package which 


carries this life-saver to the point where it goes into action. 


CS 


DECEMBER °* 1944 





EXPECT THE BEST 


PREPARE FOR THE WORST 
TAKE WHAT COMES 


7,9, 


. ‘ed vi 
CA] 








Makers of 


FOOD PROTECTION 
PAPERS 


“She Worlds Model Paper Milt" 


KALAMAZOO VEGETABLE PARCHMENT COMPANY 


PARCHMENT - KALAMAZO00 99 - MICHIGAN - U.S.A. 








6 MODERN PACKAGING 




















Wer ariacatadegs daadetst BBVA Kai Nea AG sh UE 


Brapicesh.' 6 


HOSE office chairs in the pic- 

ture are covered with fabric 
that has been coated with one of 
the GEONS, the new raw materials 
with so many applications in every 
field of industry. That seat covering 
represents a carefully selected com- 
bination of properties needed for 
this application. For example, it’s 
waterproof, and so washable. It’s 
been embossed and colored for a 
certain desired appearance. It has 
long-wearing qualities, resists sun- 


Geon 


Me 


|) v7) 
Gentlemen, be seated. 
GEON-coatep cHAIR COVERING 


light, air, aging. 

In the packaging field, specific 
combinations of properties are also 
needed for foods or oils or soaps 
or metals or any of the thousands 
of products that require packaging 
in some form. Chances are GEON 
polyvinyl resins or plastics can pro- 
vide the combination that you need. 
Here are a few of GEON’s proper- 
ties that can be had in an almost 
limitless variety of combinations: 

Resistance to practically all chem- 
icals, foods, acids, alkalies, oils, 
sunlight, air, wear, heat, cold, water, 

mildew, abrasion, cracking, 
creasing. Films or coatings of 
GEON are tasteless, odorless, 





non-toxic. They may be brilliantly 
colored. They may be heat sealed. 
They won’t become sticky when 
warm, or brittle when cold. 


Doesn’t all this suggest an appli- 
cation to you? Right now all the 
GEONS are subject to allocation 
by the War Production Board. Lim- 
ited quantities can be had for ex- 
periment. And our development 
staff and laboratory facilities are 
available to help you work out any 
special problems or applications. 
For more complete information 
write Department L-7, Chemical 
Division, The B. F. Goodrich Com- 
pany, 324 Rose Bldg., E. Ninth 
and Prospect, Cleveland 15, Ohio. 


CHEMICAL DIVISION 


THE B. F. GOODRICH COMPANY 


ROSE BUILDING, E. NINTH & PROSPECT, CLEVELAND 15, OHIO 


DECEMBER ®* 1944 





G 
geatl™ 


against water, moisture, corrosion, dust, 
insects, etc. Protective packaging. 


for striping, insignia, stenciling, two-tone 
painting, processing, electroplating, etc. 


products, parts and high finishes against 
damage, abrasion corrosion, etc. 


MODERN PACKAGING 


Strom 


Give the litle lady 


An intricate assembly comes down the 
line. Loose parts to be soldered are 
held firmly in place by strong “‘fin- 
gers’ of Mystik tape. Zip/ The iron 
solders them quickly in place. Then 
zip, the tape strips off easily, cleanly 


... leaving no adhesive residue. 


This is just one of countless jobs 
Mystik is doing on production lines 
everywhere. And this powerful, Self- 
Stik, waterproof cloth tape is ready to 
solve many problems for you — in 
production, packaging, shipping, en- 
gineering, maintenance...in every 


department and office of the plant. 


Let our factory representative or your 
paper jobber show you how Mystik 


can go to work for you . . . on dozens 


an Extra Hand 





of labor-saving, cost-cutting jobs in 
your plant. Write for free offer below. 


FREE-—A testing sample of 
Mystik and a booklet brimful 
of Mystik uses. With 
these you'll get plenty of 
ideas for solving tough 
problems. Write Chicago 
Show Printing Co., 2637 
N. Kildare, Chicago 41. 





Excerpts from 
Air Force, 


pilot, Sth 


»,,epon't let the 
that sort of thin 


"Each mean 
work toge 
eration 
uses his 
accents ® 
dards of 


Well» the fellows ar 


they'11 > 


) BONDS FOR LETTERS! 
TWO $25.00 WAR BONDS WILL BE 


AWARDED EVERY MONTH FOR 
EACH LETTER PUBLISHED. 


Have you received 4 letter 
from 2 serviceman illu 
ing the spirit of cooperation 
and understanding which 
unifies America’s fighting 
men of all faiths, races» back- 
grounds? If. so, send it to 
Arrow Mfg. Co. You an 
writer will each receive 4 
€ letter is 
for publication. 
li be returned. 


incident you 
g, out herée 


+ realizes 


ring thet vi 


Jeff Livingston, 
prisoner of war- 


a letter written by Lt. 
recently reported a 


mentioned get you daowne We rarely See 


s life depends 
gemocratic spir 


that hi 


ts courage?» is 


ok 
at home wi 


th sides of 
And I've 


anc 
tLooketh on the 
pack with theMeee 


> 
Ari 
p Atrow is pro 1 ene fe te 


son eons Which hale the. 
heroes in ‘our A. the hess ‘s 
Armed-F | Feveds: 




















ae Te wee ew ww eww = = — 


/ 


... and doubly so when safe arrival is combined with 
packaging economy, as illustrated in the wartime pack- 
aging of electrical instruments vitally needed in the 
manufacture of aircraft and other essential fighting 
equipment. 

These instruments, so finely adjusted that moving 
parts are mounted on jeweled bearings, must be pack- 
aged to reach destination in perfect condition, else 
hair-line accuracy is destroyed. To assure customer 
satisfaction, to reduce damage in transit, and to insure 
a more profitable operation . . . the manufacturer set 
“safe arrival” as their packaging goal. 

Ten years ago Hinde & Dauch Package Engineers 
were given the assignment of solving Weston Electric’s 
intricate packaging problems. Result? Safe arrival was 
achieved to the extent that damage in transit became 
negligible. In addition, reduced packaging material 
costs and lower freight charges, effected by use of 
lighter boxes, provided attractive savings. 

This is but one of H & D’s many packaging achieve- 
ments ... an indication of how your packaging prob- 
lems can be mastered, Don’t wait—let H & D packaging 


For postwar poachaging .. teller see 


AUTHORITY ON PACKAGING 


MODERN PACKAGING 


PHOTOS——-WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CORP. 


experts help you plan packages now that will protect 
and promote your future products. 





Tells How to SEAL 
Corrugated Shipping Boxes 


If packaging is to do a real job for you, 
proper sealing is one of the important op- 
erations that can’t be overlooked. Remem- 
ber, packages are no stronger than their 
seal, In the H & D Little Packaging Library 
Booklet, ‘‘How to SEAL Corrugated Ship- 
ping Boxes”’ you will find scores of sealing 





tips that insure against damages in transit. 
For your copy write The Hinde & Dauch Paper Company, 
Executive Offices, 4414 Decatur Street, Sandusky, Ohio. 





FACTORIES in Baltimore @ Boston @ Buffalo ® Chicago @ Cleveland 
Detroit ® Gloucester, N. J. ® Hoboken @ Kansas City @ Lenoir, N.C. 
Montreal @ Richmond ® St. Louis © Sandusky, Ohio @ Toronto 


BUY BONDS, BONDS...AND MORE BONDS 














HINDE & DAUCH 


CORRUGATED SHIPPING BOXES 





PEELE PARTON Seta LR TE 


sll 


a co ee ea gna Rice ded 




































100 TIMES 
VED 


ON POPCORN — experiments prove that the moisture 
transfer through ordinary glassine to popcorn is 1,000 
grams—as against only 10 grams through glassine 
coated with Pliolite under the same conditions — 100 
times more efficient! 





AM PRODUCTS that depend upon crispness for their a weld that is often stronger than the material it covers. 


sal 1 will find Pliolit kaging boon. 
en ae Pliolite finishes off a package with a high gloss that is 


Pliolite keeps moisture out just as it keeps moisture in. a distinct merchandising plus. 


Pliolite also can be combined with wax for directly 
applied protective coating to such products as cheese 
—for it is odorless and tasteless as well as moisture- 
proof and grease-resistant. 


Pliolite is simply a solution that can be economically 
applied to glassine paper, transparent sheetings, labels, 
fiber cans and metallic foils. It is easy to handle 
and perfectly adaptable to your present packaging 


j achi : —_ 
machinery and processes. Though Pliolite at the present time is in heavy demand 


for a great number of war purposes, we invite your 
inquiries concerning its use in meeting your postwar 
packaging problems. For information and limited 
samples, write Plastics and Chemicals Department, 
, Goodyear, Akron 16, Ohio. 


| Pliolite—T. M. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | 
13 
t 
j 


Pliolite, moreover, is heat sealing—hence provides its 
own closure. Because Pliolite is thermoplastic, it makes 





EARCH i 
gover” - | 
0 
5 & 


0 
«' EOODFSYEAR 
BUY WAR BONDS 


| - BUY FOR KEEPS THE GREATEST NAME IN RUBBER 







DECEMBER °* 1944 


The Porker 
that 
turned yellow 


This story is about a war baby 


“made of paper. A war baby born 


to dovetail exactly with a wartime 
packaging need. 


Up to now, every foot of this new paper 
has gone right off to war. Protecting grease- 
packed machinery and parts from corrosion 
while en route to overseas battle zones. 

Which brings us back to porkers. Most 
retail packages of pork products today — 
bacon, hams, etc.— quickly lose their 
“healthy” hue of freshness, turn an off- 
color yellow. There’s a single cause: ran- 
cidity of the fat due to exposure to light, 
excess air circulation, moisture-vapor loss 
and surface dehydration. 

Which brings us back to Keller-Dorian’s 
war baby. A paper that is grease-, air-, 
moisture-vapor-, and light-tight. 


MODERN PACKAGING 


FUNCTIONAL PACKAGING PAPERS 


Foreign odors or tastes can’t penetrate it; 
sealed-in flavors can’t escape. 

This new functional packaging paper is 
available in two coatings: a plastic emul- 
sion, and aluminum foil. Both coatings are 
permanent; flexible; neither will peel or 
crack; neither become brittle or tacky at 
temperatures ranging from 190° above to 
50° below zero (F). 


Either type may be heat-sealed. 


Now, how about cost? Take a ham for 
example. Instead of a triple wrap—parch- 
ment, bleached kraft and outer printed 
wrap — a single wrap of Keller-Dorian func- 
tional paper, printed or labeled on the 
outer surface, is all that is required to do 
a better job. 

We don’t know what your packaging 
problems are. We don’t know, without 
testing and trial, if Keller-Dorian func- 
tional papers will solve them. 





But we know this: 

If a heat-sealing paper that is grease-, 
air-, moisture-vapor-, and light-tight even 
remotely suggests an application in your 
field of packaging, the chances are it will 
be worth your time to check with us for 
further facts. 


We know this because of past instances 
of solving tough packaging problems... 
where our unique functional packaging 
experience, techniques and thinking has 
helped others. So why not write us today 
for free testing samples and data sheets. 





KELLER-DORIAN 


CORPORATION 
Empire State Building 
New York I, N. Y. 


















PEPE eee 


=— 
a0 dd eteltiaa se hes tea = 





7" 


RAE il A iin saci rretnewas > nrc 




























SHEETS THAT TALK... 
LOTIONS THAT LURE... 
BEANS THAT REMIND... 





IDEA N@O. I Visibility plus informative labeling lets the productdo KIDEAN@.2 Here’s sparkling transparency to lure the shopper’s 
the talking . . . encourages self-selection. When sheets tell a fast, fresh glance . . . no carton to block visibility. In addition to protection 
story, watch the shoppers stop to buy. against breakage, bottles will stack for a better display. 


Basie Trends of Postwar Merchandising 


Here are six fundamentals that will help to lower 
postwar distribution costs and speed up turnover. 
Use them to check your postwar package plans. 


1. SELF-SERVICE: Emphasis on self-selection and dis- 

play value. 

2. CONVENIENCE: Size, shape, quantity, ease of use 

are predominant factors. 

3. INFORMATIVE LABELING: Need for concise infor- 

mation, terse selling message. 

4. IMPULSE BUYING: A high percentage of all buying 

done on impulse. 

5. PROTECTION: Adequate protection geared to rapid 

turnover. 

6. VISIBILITY: 85% of all buying done through the 

eyes. Visibility of primary importance in the package 

of the future. 

Would you like to see more postwar packaging 

ideas? Just write: E. I. du Pont de Nemours & 4 
Co. (Inc.), Cellophane Division, Wilmington, Del. 


Du Pont 


Se-, 
ven 
our 
vill 
for 


ices 


ing 
has 
day 
ets. 











— IDEA NO. 3 “Beans tonight”—this package flashes its message to ( ello hane 

the shopper. Sales step up when the shopper is reminded to buy. 
Speaking of convenience—this bag has a special closure, making it 

i easy to open. 


Better Things for Better Living . . . Through Chemistry 


®t Us par. oFF 


VISIBILITY... a powerful force in modern merchandising 






DECEMBER °* 1944 










Like the leading team, this Knowl- 


ton Machine tops the field with a 





better ‘score’. Engineered to 





produce fast, accurate box blank 





scoring, the Knowlton High Speed 





Double Scorer incorporates rug- 





ged design and latest mechanical 










developments to make a precision 
machine giving highest produc- 


tion at lowest operating cost. 


Accuracy and absolute uniform 








double score 


Knowlton High Speed 
Double Scorer 


For full particulars send for Bulletin No. 94 


depth of scoring are produced by 
these features: (1) Weights have 
been correctly distributed by the ) 
excellent design of the rugged 
base and extra-heavy reversible 
knife bars. (2) Large 9” diameter 
scoring rolls, with their trunnions 
(shafts) casted integral, are set in 
Timken Roller Bearings. (3) In- 
dependent adjustable feed control | 


equalizes sheet pull. 









BOSTON 
637 Massachusetts Ave. 







Pacific Coust Representatives : 
NEW YORK H. W. BRINTNALL CO. CHICAGO TORONTO, CAN. 
203 Wooster St. Los Angeles, Sen Frandsca, Sentte 9. S. Clinton St. 260 Richmond 51., W. 


















MODERN PACKAGING 








MARYLAND GLASS CORPORATION, BALTIMORE 30........... 270 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 7............ BERMAN BROS., INC., 
1501 S. LAFLIN ST., CHICAGO 8........ 4H. A. BAUMSTARK, 4030 CHOUTEAU AVE, ST. LOUIS 10........... J. E MCLAUGHLIN, 
401 LOCK ST., CINCINNATI 2....... . OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS CO., PACIFIC COAST DIVISION, 135 STOCKTON ST., SAN FRANCISCO 19 
s+ eeee ss ALLER TODD, 1224 UNION AVENUE, KANSAS CITY 7......--.-.. S. WALTER SCOTT, 608 MC CALL BUILDING, MEMPHIS 3. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 15 





Let 


Duraglas Containers 
Help Label 
Your Products 


@® Duraglas food containers are the sim- 
plest, easiest and best method of modern 
visible labeling. 

For clear, sparkling Duraglas contain- 
ers let your products sell themselves 
because size, quantity, quality, color and 
condition are apparent at a glance. 

By adding this eye-buy appeal to your 
brand acceptance you create a powerful 
merchandising force that will prove most 
profitable in the hard selling days ahead. 

Duraglas vegetable jars are lighter 
(49.2% lighter than in 1936), stronger, 
easier to pack, to open and to use. They 
tell buyers that you cannot use a better 


Spy CALERA I TRENT LAS is 


Sentinal a 





shat taist 





container for your products. 

Present experience with packing in 
Duraglas containers is helping many 
companies get ready for the hard com- 
petitive selling ahead—the days when 
your products in individual showcases of 
Duraglas containers will have and hold 
an edge on competition. 


BBLS RE Bag HR BRR 
PWEDE AEEAR 


Enjoy Fred Waring and his Pennsylvanians: Full half 
hour program once a week over the entire Blue Network. 
Consult your newspaper for local time and station. 


uo SUGAR PEAS 


NG CO. INC, NEW YORK,NY 


alse iret. tae tstorde 


ik Seance 5 Saleh me 


OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY 
TOLEDO 1, OHIO 


gs aie 





16 MODERN PACKAGING 

















arate <r eee PERE Ses 5s) Ti) Stirs Sa eee ictal eed bt 
































Probably no other factor is 
more important in the field of merchandising 

than the style and design of your package. 
Set-up paper boxes, because they are ‘custom- 
built’ can be designed to bring new eye-appeal 
to your package . . . new sales appeal 
to your product. 


Set-up paper boxes can be 

strongly recommended for qualities other 
than style. They have greater strength 
and rugged durability. They are easier 
- to pack and give better product 
protection. They insure shipping 
economy because of light 
weight, retain product identity 
.-. and are tailored to fit! 


Why not consult your 
E-set-up paper box manufacturer? 
= He will be glad to assist you 
with your packaging problem 
..-help you to take advantage 
of that ‘custom-built’ quality 
that is characteristic of 

= set-up paper boxes... and only 
set-up paper boxes. 


BALTIMORE, MD. ® Maryland Paper Box Co. ® BOSTON, MASS. ® Bicknell & Fuller Paper Box Co. ® BROOKLYN, N.Y. © E. J. Trum Co., Inc. © BUFFALO, N. Y. 
Thoma Paper Box Co., Inc. * CHARLOTTE, N.C. © Old Dominion Box Co. ® CHICAGO, ILL. ® Kroeck Paper Box Co. © COLUMBUS, OHIO ® Columbus Paper Box Co. 
DANVERS, MASS. ® Friend Paper Box Co. * FORT WAYNE, IND. ® Wayne Paper Box & Printing Corp. * HOBOKEN, N. J. ® Shoup-Owens, Inc. ® KANSAS CITY, MO. ® Crook 
Paper Box Co. * LOUISVILLE, KY. * Finger Paper Box Co. * Kentucky Paper Box Co. ® LOS ANGELES, CAL. ® C. W. Hering ® MERIDEN, CONN. ® Shaw Paper Box Co. 
NEWARK, N. J. ® Mooney & Mooney ® Newark Paper Box Co. ® NEW YORK, N. Y. ® A. Dorfman Co. ® PAWTUCKET, R. 1. ® Shaw Paper Box Co. ® PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Datz Mfg. Co. * Walter P. Miller Co., Inc. ® Edwin J. Schoettle Co. © Geo. H. Snyder, Inc. ® Sprowles & Allen, Inc. ® PORTLAND, ME. ® Casco Paper Box Co. ® PROVIDENCE, R. I. 
Hope Paper Box Co. * Taylor Paper Box Co. © ROCKFORD, ILL. * Paul Bennett Paper Boxes, Inc. © SEATTLE, WASH. * Puget Sound Paper Box Co. ® Union Paper Box Mfg. Co. 
SOMERVILLE, MASS. ® Consolidated Paper Box Co. ® ST. LOUIS, MO. ® Great Western Paper Box Co. © Moser Paper Box Co. © F. J. Schleicher Paper Box Co. ® Service 
Paper Box Co. ® UTICA, N. Y. © Utica Box Co., Inc. ® WATERTOWN, WIS. ® Ira L. Henry Company ® WILMINGTON, DEL. ® Wilmington Paper Box Co. * TORONTO, 
CANADA ® The Fielder Paper Box Co., Ltd. © COOPERATING SUPPLIERS: Appleton Coated Paper Company * Blackstone Glazed Paper Company ® Bradner Smith & Co. 
Louis Dejonge & Co. * Globe Mfg. Co. ® Hampden Glazed Paper & Card Co. ® Hartford City Paper Co. ® Hazen Paper Company * Holyoke Card & Paper Co. 
Hughes & Hoffman Company ® Lachman-Novasel Paper Co. * Marvellum Company * Matthias Paper Corp. * Nashua Gummed & Coated Paper Co. * 
Plastic Coating Corp. * Racquette River Paper Co, * Stokes & Smith Co. 


The Master Craftsmen of the 


NATIONAL PAPER BOX MANUFACTURERS 
TS TSSOCHAML J O#l 


FOR INFORMATION OR SERVICE ® CONSULT THE NEAREST SET-UP BOX MANUFACTURER 


Pejepscot Paper Co. 











LISTED ABOVE 


DECEMBER ° 1944 17 





MODERN PACKAGING 


HOPE RISES TO THE OCCASION 


In spite of the world conflict and its wide-spread. sorrows, the heart of 
the American nation at this holiday season draws closer the ties 
of family affection, the bonds of personal friendships and the spirit of 
good will to men. * May this season, therefor, strange in so many 
ways, bring you peace of heart and may the coming year behold for 
us a rainbow that will mark the fulfillment of our crusade and unite 


us 1n a new world consecrated to the betterment of all mankind. 


ee 
ANE ATTAN/ PASTE GLUE GO. ING. 


‘ Perse lphia (OK eg ay 200 SAA P iy. PY, 
‘oa oston "FE >< 4_j 7° ¥ CAO Aa Cr7— 


4125 GREENPOINT AVENUE, BROOKLYN, N.Y. 


OBIE NRG CDI PRE TRIE IS SM HIERA 


E 
i 
& 
Si 








a a 





IEEE RR ORS NCL RIE MSIE RUT eT 


meeN 


ssh et pei heiy 


tikes 


4 
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2 
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a 


RES I STA NCE ! . . . supported by U. S. supplies to Yugoslav patriots—in paper packages. Many of 
these packages embody advanced ideas which may be applied to your packaging problems after the war. 


CONTAINER CORPORATION OF AMERICA 
CHICAGO—AND 19 OTHER CITIES 


DECEMBER ° 1944 





Keeping the Powder Dry... 
vital job for Mr. Cellophane 


IN THE HIGH HUMIDITY and heavy rain of the 
Pacific jungles, the old axiom “Keep your 
powder dry” becomes acutely important. For 
example, water and moisture-vapor can ruin 
the effectiveness of propellant powders used 
in trench mortar ammunition. A special cello- 
phane wrap developed in Sylvania’s labora- 


tories keeps the powder perfectly dry from 
the time it leaves the plant until it is fired. 

Sylvania cellophane is doing many vital 
war jobs. But the unique developments Syl- 
vania is making today will result in more 
uses for cellophane—and better cellophane— 
in the postwar tomorrow. 








SYLVANIA CELLOPHANE 





Made only by SYLVANIA INDUSTRIAL Corporation 
Manufacturers of cellophane and other cellulose products since 1929 we. 
General Sales Office: 122 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y. * Works and Principal Office: Fredericksburg, Va. O Pie 


Reg. Trade Mark 


20 MODERN PACKAGING 














/ 


Mark 


YOU PAINT THE PICTURE 


It is a picture of Christmas — of Christmas yet to 
come. A picture of Joy and Peace. A picture of 
all we wish you. 

In your hand is pigment and brush. May your 
strokes be vigorous and your inspiration high. May 
your picture of that world to come stand forever 


as a masterpiece. 


HAZEL-ATLAS GLASS COMPANY, Wheeling, W. Virginia 








Piasanesie 





The photograph above illustrates 
how Triangle Planned Packaging 
brought order and speed to the 
packaging of a ‘dozen and one’ 
different grocery staples into cello- 
phane and kraft paper bags of many 
sizes. The ease and speed of chang- 
ing Elec-Tri-Paks from one weight to 
another and the ability of any one 
model to handle a wide variety of 
products makes them unique among 
weighers. And for high speed auto- 
matic weighing and filling, nothing 
can beat the Elec-Tri-Line System. 


20 PAGE BROCHURE 


MODERN PACKAGING 





WRITE FOR a 


3 example of’ 
’ TRIANGLE 
\\ PLANNED 
~ PACKAGING 

. 


ANY food producers employ the most 
efficient machinery and methods available 
to mechanize and streamline their production 
right up to the point of packaging. Then, pft! 
— it looks like the Russian Army had hit the place. 


Packaging shouldn't and needn't be the step- 
child department. Triangle engineers can show 
you how to modernize your packaging, increase 
the productivity of your employees, improve 
your packages and cut costs sufficiently to pay 
for the job. (One user weighing and filling 
35,000 packages per day on a Triangle Elec- 
Tri-Line System reports that he gets his investment 
back every four months!) 


Now is the time to let Triangle survey your 
packaging needs. Write today. 






eS" Ty 
IANGLE PACKAGE MACHINERY CoO. 


cael 
907 NO. SPAULDING AVENUE. CHICAGO 51 


Vv 



























hen DNR DVS I ne 



























What’s the best 


Not just greater physical strength 
but better performance in many 
ways can often be gained by com- 
bining Alcoa Aluminum Foil with 
other materials to make your 
package. Some combinations im- 
prove eye appeal. Some give greater 
protection. 

Alcoa is a great believer in team- 
work, teaming up aluminum with 
other materials for best results. In 
packaging, that means working 


combination for YOU? 


ALCOA FOIL + PAPERBOARDS 
Aluminum foil may be lami- 
nated to box and carton 
materials of all kinds, may 
be used as a liner or bag 
in carton, or may be used as 
an outer wrap on cartons. 


closely with converters, paper mills, 
producers of coatings and transpar- 
ent sheetings, machine builders, and 


bag, box, and carton makers. Air tight 
That has given Alcoa a rich fund Oisture y, 

of knowledge that may be helpful to ' POrproof 

you in achieving a better package. at 

For further information about any °rproof 

of the combinations outlined and Lightprogf 


for names of suppliers, write 
ALUMINUM CoMPANY OF AMERICA, 
2129 Gulf Bldg., Pittsburgh 19, Pa. 








DECEMBER °* 1944 23 





MODERN PACKAGING 









a 


than 


Pig 


spark paves, 2 





Sales Representatives in Principal Cities: PHILADELPHIA 





| simple — 


FOR FOLDING CARTON BUYERS WHO DELAY 
THEIR POSTWAR PACKAGE PLANNING 


t would be fine . . . if you could wait until the 


last minute .. . press a button... and, next 
morning, have your product, in its new postwar 
package, on shelves and counters all over the 


country. 


But you know that it takes time to develop and 
perfect the package that’s going to give your 
product a competitive advantage. And you know 
that the right time to begin is now—before Gard- 


ner-Richardson specialists are snowed under. 


Right now’s the time to get started on restyl- 
ing, redesigning. Now’s the time to look into 
more economical set-up and assembly, more efh- 
cient folding and sealing... better usage quali- 


ties, better protection. 


Press a button, call in your secretary . . . get 
off a letter today telling us your problem. Right 


now, it will get the kind of action we like to give. 











GARDNER-RICHARDSON EXPERIENCE and 
‘“*know-how'’ have produced many new 
and revolutionary developments in folding 
cartons in the past few years. While, at 
present, our production is completely sold 
up, our creative and technical staffs are 
ready to put their skill, experience and 
new approaches to work on your postwar 
package problems. 








The GARDNER-RICHARDSON Co. 


Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Boxboard 


MIDDLETOWN, OHIO 


« CLEVELAND 


« CHICAGO 


ST. LOUIS 


DECEMBER °* 1944 


NEW YORK « BOSTON « PITTSBURGH «+ DETROIT 






y 

we oy ome 

"Plan on” 
HEBAGS 


These are the Mehl Bags 


serving both war and 








essential civilian industries 
MP vitole(-Miceliima-y|(e))alolat-¥ 
acetate, and various 
papers—alone and in 
combination . .. providing 
protective properties of 
water-proofness, grease- 
proofness and moisture- 
proofness for both pri- 
mary and secondary 
packaging. Consult us 


ro] Xo Me) MY of-Yol[o] MN ol ge)o) (Vaal: 


eX-Tacellllile ME coMmuleti:lalel F 


size or construction. 


MENLEMFG RCO! 


Diucsion Sydney “Thomas Corp. 
CINCINNATI 5, OHIO 








Originators of patented 
Transparent Garment Bags for Dry 
Cleaners, Hotels and Laundries. 


7 “ ay 


MODERN PACKAGING 














Research leaves nothing to chance 


in its efforts to make better glass 


F you’ve ever adjusted the air feed 

on a burner—like the one on your 
kitchen gas stove—you know that 
when the flame doesn’t get enough 
air, it burns yellow and smoky and 
deposits soot on utensils. Much the 
same is true of a glass furnace. And 
that’s why Armstrong’s glass chem- 
ists keep a constant and accurate 
check on the amount of air their 
glass furnaces “breathe.” 

For when a glass furnace doesn’t 
get enough air, it is inefficient, and 
the quality and color of the glass 
are affected. On the other hand, if a 
glass furnace should get too much 
air, this also will affect the quality 
of the glass produced. 


So in order to make sure that their 


glass furnaces get just the right 
amount of air for proper combus- 
tion, Armstrong’s glass chemists con- 
stantly check the furnace gases with 
gas analyzing apparatus. They pass a 
measured amount of the “exhaled” 
gases through reagents. From the 
amount of gas absorbed by each 
liquid, they can tell if the furnace is 
“breathing” properly. 

This precise control over the 
breathing of a glass furnace is an- 
other practical demonstration of how 





the work of Armstrong’s glass chem- 
ists, engineers, and physicists—close- 
ly coordinated with actual produc- 
tion—is helping to make, and keep, 
Armstrong’s glass top quality. 
Other interesting examples of the 
painstaking care and skill that go 
into the making of fine glass are con- 
tained in an_ illustrated booklet, 
‘Men and Glass.” For your free copy, 


write to Armstrong Cork Co., aa 
Glass and Closure Div., 5912 


Prince Street, Lancaster, Pa. 


and ARMSTRONG’S 
~ CLOSURES 











O, February 15, 1940, a large chemi- 
cal company bought and installed their first 
Bagpaker for closing 100 lb. Open Mouth 
Heavy Duty Multiwall paper bags. 

They have just purchased their 16th 
Unit. 

There is a reason why this nationally 
known company selected the Bagpak sys- 
tem. All Bagpakers are strong and rug- 
gedly built. Repair and replacement costs 
are low. As many as eight to ten 100 lb. bags 
per minute have been closed on the Model 
“D-A” Bagpaker illustrated here—just one 
of our complete line of bag filling and clos- 
ing units. 

A request for information outlining your 
particular requirements will receive our 
prompt attention. 


INTERNATIONAL PAPER PRODUCTS DIVISION 
International Paper Compan 
220 East 42nd Secu New York 17, N.Y. 


BRANCH OFFICES: CHICAGO - CLEVELAND - PHILADELPHIA 
DALLAS - BALTIMORE - ATLANTA - ST. LOUIS - ALLENTOWN, PA. 





Bagpak, Incorporated 





Trade Mark 
reg. U. S. Pat. Of 


ONE-MAN PACKAGE 








George & Sherrard Paper Company 





LEAMA ee on 


KRAFT 
Me S 
&.. ig 


George & Sherrard Paper Co. 











MODERN PACKAGING 


EASY TO HANDLE 











® Our British allies were crucially in 
need of liquid “sunshine” — the 
health-giving Vitamin C of oranges. 
Problem: how to ship enough oranges 
or canned orange juice in vessels 
cramped for space. 

The answer? Orange concentrate. 
A single carload of this amazing 
new concentrate in cans equals 30 
carloads of oranges! 

Today it’s helping to boost Brit- 
ain’s health above peacetime levels. 
Tomorrow it will bring Vitamin C to 
millions who don’t want the fuss or 
muss of squeezing fresh fruit. And 
one little 6-oz. can will hold the juice 
of 19 oranges! 

A new process de-waters the fruit 
and reduces the bulk to ¥%th of the 








former volume, leaving a syrup. All 
you do is add 7 parts water, mix, and 
presto—orange juice! 

Soon you'll get this new product— 
along with all the other fine fruit 
juices you get in cans today. And 
it will come in cans—because cans 
protect and preserve. 

Todo our war job we’ve developed 
new ideas and new skills, too. That’s 
why as we look ahead we see new 


and better things in Continental cans.. 


CONTI 


weW AND BETTER T 


lant 78, 
Awarded to Plant 7 
Ch ° ago e Illinows 


ATTENTION, BUSINESSMEN: —We’ll be glad to 
discuss present and future uses or improve- 
ments of your product or package. Write 
Dept. A., 100 East 42nd Street, New York 
17, N. Y., or Continental Can Company of 
Canada, Limited, Sun Life Bldg., Montreal. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 





] 


SAVES WEIGHT—SAVES SPACE 
SAVES PACKAGING COSTS 


To the land of the Totem Poles — 
flying time's from dawn to dusk. 
Because weight is a first considera- 
rol CTollameolalcollil-1eMolaleoMeoladtlofoli-to 
boxes play a vital part in overland 
oT aTe Moh Z-e1-YohME allo) llale Mulohvamel ite ME cols 
SAVE WASTE PAPER 
the future. Gair by Air means max- FOR WAR PRODUCTION 
imum cargo at minimum tonnage. 


Write for bookler ‘Air Cargoes.” 
§ 


a 


For large users—booklet on the Palletized Load, 


illustrated with official photographs. 








ROBERT GAIR COMPANY, INC., NEW YORK @ GAIR COMPANY CANADA LIMITED, TORONTO 
Folding Cartons @ Box Boards @ Fibre and Corrugated Shipping Containers 


30 MODERN PACKAGING 











mae 2 


r= 


One Deaiy Creonicie 
4 ee 


mee Ey 5 cememnes sane 
een 


ET rc 
INVASION FORECAS; 





DECEMBER * 1944 








Signal Corps Photo 

EHIND the smoke of the battle—all-important 
communications are laid by a “ghost crew,” 
receiving little or no publicity; few medals; doing a 

tremendously important job with little fanfare. 
We have our “ghost crew” too—you seldom see it, 
but its absence would soon become very noticeable. 
Metal collapsible tubes are the IDEAL package for 
many a product that is extremely unfriendly to tube 
metal. Our ghost crew of over fifty VINICOTE 
Interior Tube Linings solves this chemical warfare. 
Creep, corrosion, other reactions, are overcome. 
SHEFFIELD Exclusive, automatic methods of applying tube 
process | coating to tube interior assures even, non-flaking 
lining. If you don’t know about this finer service, 

ask us NOW for full details. 





NEW ENGLAND COLLAPSIBLE TUBE CO. 


3132 S. CANAL STREET, CHICAGO 16 @ NEW LONDON, CONN. @ W. K. SHEFFIELD, 500 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 18 
THE WILCO COMPANY, 6800 McKINLEY AVE., LOS ANGELES | 


MODERN PACKAGING 





Photo 











Colorful BEETLE containers 
for Tangee Cake Make-Up, 
product of the George M. 
Luft Company, Inc., are 
molded by Waterbury 
Companies, Inc. 











Tangee is selling “make-up” in BEETLE* plastic containers to 
thousands of customers across the nation’s counters. 

Customers like these modern plastic packages because they’re 
smooth and light, compact and colorful. Tangee likes them 
because they’re economical for sae production, attractive for 
display, ideal in-service. 

You'll find BEETLE an ideal packaging material for your 
products, too. Consult your molder on BEETLE, the plastic that’s 


all color in all colors. 


-A Cyanamid PLASTIC 


AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY 


PLASTICS DIVISION 


34 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA + NEW YORK 20, N. Y. 
*Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. 




















Much has happened in the world since we started making glass 
containers back in 1889. Wars have come and gone. Styles and uses of 
glassware have changed. There have been many advances in methods and 


manufacturing techniques. 


Through it all, Carr-Lowrey operations have been character- 
ized by a deep-seated pride in performance. Not how much but how well, 
has remained the watchword that guides the work of our organization. 


Wartime activities have not dispelled this devotion to our 
original ideal. In the keenly competitive years ahead, you can count on 
Carr-Lowrey for glass containers that not only enhance thesales appeal of your 


product but are also pleasingly trouble-free on your own production lines. 








CARR-LOWREY 
GLASS CO. 


Factery and Main Office: BALTIMORE, MD. e New York Office: 500 Fifth Avenue e Chicago Office: 1502 Merchandise Mart 
34 MODERN PACKAGING 




















@ Lumber requirements for shipping purposes equal those of all other uses of lumber 












combined! 





nes. @) About nine billion feet of lumber will be needed for modern, engineered wooden boxes 


this year... by far the greatest single use of lumber in war-time America. 






@) Army —Navy—Maritime demands for shipping in wood have tripled 
use of lumber for boxes in three years. They demand their goods be 


| delivered in good condition—in WOOD—safely, surely, economi- 
a : cally . . . anywhere, under all conditions. 


@) Service record proves wooden boxes are still the essential 


shipping container. Peace planners will pack in wood because— 


Whoo Anceacine is COUP Facto if 


[* The NATIONAL WOODEN BOX ASSOCIATION 











Mert - Washington, oe &. * | 





DECEMBER °* 1944 35 


EQUIPMENT ANSWERS THE PROBLEM §)T 
of FILLING POWDERED MILK 


& 
wes 
gre 
o 
oro ™ s\vied ° 3 
yas Co- " wer? 


gent? ‘ “ a prot” 


This line of S$ & S Filling machines is working 24 S TO KX ECM IT i © 


hours a day filling powdered milk in cans—giving 
a clean, accurate fill at maximum production. , . 
These machines can be used for various Food, Gro- Frankford, Philadelphia 24, U.S. A. 


cery, Drug and Chemical Products. FILLING - PACKAGING - WRAPPING MACHINES 


Let us tell you what we can do for your Filling and ‘ 
Packaging requirements. Speeds to suit your needs—15-30-60-120 per minute 


36 MODERN PACKAGING 











} [* 
TRADE NAME a> | 


YENASHA”” 


| NOW 
| etey a 






§0—The Menasha Printing Company was 
established. ; 
N2—The Menasha Carton Company was 
established. 
17—The two companies merged and the 
company name became Menasha Print- 
ing and Carton Company. 
27—Marathon Paper Mills Co., chief supplier 
of Menasha raw materials for many 
years, purchased the Menasha Printing 
and Carton Company and the Menasha 
organization became The Menasha Pro- 
ducts Company, Division of Marathon 
Paper Mills Company. 
44—The name Marathon Corporation was 
edopted as a simple, uniform corporate 
name to apply to all plants and offices 
of the organization. 
That is the evolution of a distinguished name 
food packaging. There will be no change in 
Pcompany’s policies or personnel. Marathon 
i continue the product improvement and for- 
md-looking developments which have bee: 
ponsible for the company’s ' 
Industries will find the Mo 





















































Moisture-Proof 
PACK AGING-- 


or A UP TO 350 per minute! eee | 
TEAR ~ 
STRIP Whether your product is improved by ex- 
cluding or retaining moisture, the answer 
is in Cellophane protection. The perfect 
package, the economical method and 
the fast, foolproof equipment is the 


Scandia | 
Cellophane 














































wrapping unit 


Keep your product fresh; the way you pack 
it. Scandia wrapping machines sea/ in 
virgin freshness; keep moisture from affect- 
ing DRY products; keep dry conditions 





from making moist products stale... and 
the simple “‘tear-strip’’ method of opening 
SAVE TIME AND MONEY adds extra convenience. 


WITH A STANDARD SCANDIA* 


Scandia machine-speed helps 


- — . to solve the cost problem. 
Manufacturers whose “peak of prestige” relies on the Gist facts WOW on any poll \4 
snug, smooth tite-wrap, with or "y 
without a convenient ‘“‘tear- war package-plans .. . te s 
strip’’ do not compromise with want Scandia dependability! 
requisite protection; they want 


SCANDIA wrappers. 


Packaging for War-essentials, or for Post-war 
products, you'll find one of the standard 
Scandia units your best bet! 





* Manufactured under Bronander Patents. 


Ask for details! Our Packaging Engineers are at your service. 


Scandia MANUFACTURING CO. 


NORTH ARLINGTON NEW JERSEY 


MODERN PACKAGING 








HIGH, WIDE 





5 their light far and wide above the 
horizon of everyday packaging, are more and 
more quality products enhanced by the bright- 
ness and motion in the gleaming, glossy surface 
of Champion Kromekote. This exclusive paper 
is used extensively for fine items like jewelry, 
perfumes, stationery, cosmetics, pens, candies, 
food, beverages. Present restrictions limit pro- 
duction, but greater quantities will be avail- 
able after war’s end. Let us show you samples 
now and demonstrate what Champion Krome- 
kote can do for packaging postwar products. 
za) 


‘Pu CHAMPION PAPER AND FIBRE C€0., Hamilton, Ohio 
Ya 





a ——__— —— — ——— . . _ tienen ie 











2 


NES : : AP me: Bt} : rte 


hth ap es 
ar RAE Sd 
Stas 
Pine : 






















SEPIA ORI PAO « 





Ab sis RMR ay Sine he ES 





Even in the best managed warehouse, store 
or home, rodents are an ever present men- 
ace, but the product packed in a Bonder- 
ized Steel Can is safe from attack. No rat 
can gnaw his way through steel and destroy 
valuable merchandise. 


Hermetically sealed, unbreakable and im- 
pervious to moisture, the steel can stands 
the test of time. For more than a hundred 
years it has been a familiar American insti- 
tution. No other container has been devel- 
oped that includes all its valuable qualities. 
Bonderized steel has helped to make more 


rans available. 





PARKER RUST PROOF COMPANY 
2187 E. Milwaukee Ave. Detroit 11, Michigan 


pasate 


BONDERIZING - PARKERIZING - PARCO LUBRIZING | 


HOLDS PAINT TO STEEL INHIBITS RUST RETARDS WEAR 4 


ene SN Se ama 


"| 


. 


PaRKER Propucts CoNQueR Rust 


DECEMBER °* 1944 41 








42 



































OTHER DOW PACKAGING 


KEEPS MOISTURE IN ITS PLACE 


Saran Film is a transparent, flexible wrap- 
ping material of unusual toughness. 


It possesses a truly remarkable ability to 
keep moisture in or out—three times more 
effectively than any comparable material. 
This outstanding quality will open the door 
to many packaging applications when con- 
ditions permit its general use. 


MODERN PACKAGING 




















MATERIALS INCLUDE 


DIP IT—SHIP IT—STRIP IT 


Stripcoat is a hot melt dip which protects 
metal parts with a tough, resilient skin that 
is quickly applied, sets immediately, and is 
removed easily by slitting and stripping. 


Stripcoat will be widely used to protect auto- 
mobile parts and similar products during 
transit or while they are being stored on 
dealers’ shelves. 














| FLEXIBLE, TRANSPARENT, AND RUGGED 


It takes all kinds of shapes to make a box 





e shape a box comes in is always important. scored, or folded . . . it can be finished in high gloss 
Naturally it must conform to the contour of the prod- or rich matte and in almost any color. 

uct it covers. But equally important in rigid trans- 
parent packaging is the shape it stays in. 






Write Dow for further information so you can deter- 
mine how Ethocel Sheeting fits into your postwar 


Packaging experts know that Ethocel Sheeting re- packaging plans. 

tains its sales appeal and protective qualities despite 

tough handling, shelf-wear, and temperature ex- THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, MIDLAND, MICHIGAN 
tremes. Made of Dow Ethylcellulose—toughest cel- New York * Boston + Philadelphia + Washington + Cleveland + Detroit + Chicago 


B. touts « Weston » San Frassieen © bes Angeles + Sout 
lulose material commercially available—Ethocel ee eS ee 


Sheeting has a tensile strength of 10,000 pounds per 
‘square inch, elongation of 30%, bursting strength 
jot 48, tear strength of 7, folding endurance of 4000. 
lt will not discolor or become brittle after long 


3 
3 


eos to strong display lights or sunshine. It 





Vresists heat up to 220°F. and cold to 75°F. below 








p Ethocel Sheeting is easily fabricated .. . it can be : 

fe bent, formed, and deep-drawn into seamless ovals, _  - | 
circles, and oblongs . . . it can be beaded, crimped, DELO AG | 

: CHEMICALS Hy ASTICA MAGNESIUM 


INDISPENSABLE To INDUSTRY AND VICTORY | 


HOW DO 


— Your SALES SHAPE 
UP HERE? 





MILLS! CONVERTERS!. 











can provide a complete and experienced marketing 
service that will open new doors for you and per- 
haps make important savings in your distribution 
costs. Write us! 







PENNSYLVANIA eae 
* 
























we, MD. (S y 


VIRGINIA 














Are you getting ALL the 
business you think you 
















should get from Ameri- 
ca’s No. | Market? 


Have you the strongest 
possible distribution set- 
up for the bitter com- 
petitive era just ahead? 


Investigate what Hubbs | 
Houses offer you! We 




























CHARLES F. HUBBS & COMPANY 
Lafayette Street Warehouse 
Beekman Street Warehouse 

NEW YORK, N. Y. 


HUBBS & CORNING COMPANY 
BALTIMORE, MD. 


HUBBS & HOWE COMPANY 
BUFFALO, NEW YORK 


HUBBS & HASTINGS PAPER CO. 
ROCHESTER , NEW YORK 


CHARLES F. HUBBS & COMPANY 
BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 


INTERSTATE CORDAGE & PAPER CO. 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 


THOMAS J. NAGLE PAPER CORP. 
HOLLIS, NEW YORK 


HUBBS & HOWE COMPANY 
CLEVELAND, OHIO 








MODERN PACKAGING 





HUBBS 





Established 
1855 — 





HOLLAND PAPER COMPANY 
BUFFALO, NEW YORK 


CHARLES F. HUBBS & COMPANY 
TROY, NEW YORK 


and in Canada 


VICTORIA PAPER & TWINE CO., LTD. 
TORONTO 


ga 


VICTORIA PAPER & TWINE CO., LTD. 
MONTREAL 








VICTORIA PAPER & TWINE CO., LTD. 
HALIFAX 


GARDEN CITY PAPER MILLS CO., LTD. 
ST. CATHARINES, ONT. 


CANADIAN era PARCHMENT 
.. LTD. 
MERRITTON, ONT. 


Gp Arve 7 ee 











SAA DOE ay RIE UR ns es amis 














CAP “ae 





When the Quartermaster Corps decided to 
include jam or jelly with C Rations, how to 
package it was a problem. The package had 
to be as light as possible, unbreakable, and 
easy to open. Yes, especially easy for GI Joe 
to open without any tools. 

This is the package that Alseco engi- 
neers developed to solve the problem, a 
114% ounce metal container sealed with an 
Alseco Seal. The seal is an adaptation of 
Alseco’s Goldy Tumbler Seal. The tear-off 


tab on the aluminum retaining ring is 


easily ripped off with the fingers to open 
the package. 

In order to turn these out in millions a 
week, high-speed sealing machines were 
needed. Alseco had the answer to that too— 
machines that can seal as many as 168 per 
minute. These are now operating in all of the 
plants where GI Joe’s C_ jelly and jam 
ration is being packed. 

So, if this gives you an idea... for packing 
cheese, spreads, hors d’oeuvres, or the like 
... thank the Army and write Alseco. 


y oe 
IN 


ALVECO 


EALS AND SEALING MACHINES 


DECEMBER °* 1944 45 























ieee swing up the side of a troop transport with G.I. 


Joe and let us call your attention to some little known 






facts: See those shoes just ahead of you? Four types of 
adhesives help to make them rugged and comfortable. See 
those first-aid kits? Four types of adhesives help to protect 
and identify their contents. Three types safeguard blood 


plasma. Two types package small arms ammunition. 










Come pick your way along the supply laden deck of a 
landing ship. See those overseas shipping cartons? Three 
types of adhesives seal, label and waterproof them. See 
those spiral wound shell containers . . . and those paper 
bomb rings? Special adhesives laminate their eighteen- 
plus plies. See those packages of field rations? Six types 
of adhesives guard them against every source of 


contamination. 












That’s only a glimpse, but it gives you the general idea. 
Thousands of adhesive formulations go into the production 
of articles of war — a fact little known outside of the 
adhesives industry . . . an industry that has gone to war 


and is proudly holding its own unnoticed and unsung! 


\ 
\ 


Official U. $. Coast Guard photos 


Adhesives Manufacturers 


Association of America 
441 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. 








MODERN PACKAGING 











ere a Parad aid aise 


tf ARN ek 0? 

























A SHOWBOX WILL PUT 
YOUR PRODUCT 





























ad NN OSD Sa A ne ME Re MR NES 





| Eye Appeal Means 
“BUY” APPEAL 


Every sales executive knows...“it’s the eye that buys.” 


Waa 


Your product must be well shown and well seen 
before it can be well sold. See your product in 
tomorrow’s transparent Showbox today. Our pack- 


aging experts are designing plastic Showboxes now. 


We are prepared to create a rigid, transparent Show- 
box to enrich and advantageously present to the con- 


sumer, any product whose appearance influences sales. 


As America’s foremost, volume producers of con- 
tainers to create “impulse buying” we can materially 
assist in dramatizing your merchandise. Write today 
to learn about a Showbox built for your postwar 


marketing program. 


OF COURSE RIGHT NOW... 
All our facilities are “at war” producing paper bags, water - proof 
and weather-proof case liners and the like. But-we are preparing 


for peace. Let us help you do the same. 





owvision or CENTRAL STATES PAPER & BAG CO. 


2600 N. Broadway, St. Louis 6, Missouri, U.S. A. 





CHICAGO NEW YORK DETROIT 
520 N. Michigan Ave. 489 Fifth Ave. 1951 East Ferry St. 








DECEMBER °* 1944 47 













Sandwich Manufacturers Welcome 
New High-Speed Wrapping Machine 








FOR years the cracker sandwich makers have been searching for a 
high-speed machine which automatically wraps, heat seals and 
affixes labels. They wanted it to step up production, save man- 
power, use less cellophane, and to turn out a neater moisture-proof 
package with improved sales appeal. 





They've found it in Wright’s new high-speed sandwich wrapper. 
The machine was designed primarily to handle the standard five cent Affixes labels on ends. 
peanut butter cracker type sandwich, round or square, and may 
also be adapted for wrapping fig bars, cookies and other similar 
products. 











All machines which can be made with materials allocated to us 
for 1944 have been sold. Contracts now being discussed are based 
on 1945 material allocations. 


If your company has not investigated this promising, new 
machine, write and we will send you latest information. 


WRIGHT'S Automatic 
Machinery Company | 


300 Calvin Street, Durham, North Carolina 


Q 
Np lp re 





“Specialists Since 1893 In Putting Labor Serving Ideas Into Action: 











48 MODERN PACKAGING 












fe: 


Du Pont CEL-0-SEAL bands 


guard closures 


: 
i 
é 
iy 


of the Army’s 


“BUG 
BOMBS” 





These insecticide bringing immediate death to insects, such as 
dispensers havesaved the dread malaria-carrying mosquito. Both the 
the lives ofthousands __ propelling gas and the insecticide are harm- 





- ofAmerican soldiers. _less to human beings. 
These “‘bombs” con- The principle of this self-dispensing con- 
tain a powerfulinsec- —_tainer will undoubtedly find many other appli- 
ticideinsolutionwith cations in the postwar era—just as the protec- 


a liquid gas held under pressure. For the pres- tive qualities of CEL-O-SEAL bands will be 

ent, all production is being directed to the employed in many new ways. 

Armed Forces. Today, CEL-O-SEAL bands can be furnished 
A CEL-O-SEAL* cellulose band holds the for many civilian uses, such as safeguarding 

screw valve in place. When the valve isopened, foods, drugs, wines and spirits. They guard 

the insecticide is dispersed into the air and against evaporation, leakage, sampling and 

penetrates every crevice of an enclosed space, _ substitution. Write for full information. 


% TRADE MARK 


WIND-0-BAND* seals and CEL-0-SEAL bands are sold by: 
E. |. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), ‘“‘Cel-0-Seal’’ Section, Empire State Bldg., New York City 1, N. Y. 


Armstrong Cork Company, Glass & Closure Div., Lancaster, Pa. + |. F. Schnier Company, 683 Bryant Street, San Francisco 7, Calif. 





°8G. U.S. PaT. OFF 


4 BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING...THROUGH CHEMISTRY 


DECEMBER ° 1944 


SALES OFFICES IN 
NEW YORK + CHICAGO - SAN FRANCISCO 
LOS ANGELES - PHILADELPHIA - CLEVELAND 
PITTSBURGH + INDIANAPOLIS - MINNEAPOLIS 
GRAND RAPIDS - CINCINNATI - KANSAS CITY 
BOSTON - ST. LOUIS - ATLANTA + DALLAS 


PLANTS AT e 


MODERN PACKAGING 


MIL 


Not just ordinary competition... 


; Put probably the toughest kind of 


competition any of us have ever 

experienced. You'll need and 

want every selling weapon which 

human ingenuity can conceive. * Of 

paramount importance will be a modern 

package possessing not only convenience 

but strong eye and sales appeal. Milprint is a 


specialist in such packages. 








BRERA TEER RAE eta 


px ree Lite 





11D 


ak 


tc FOREIGN COUNTRIES 


CREPED WADDING 


A PRODUCT OF 


RESEARCH 





FREE BOOK helps plan 


packaging of post-war products 


New, streamlined packaging methods, developed for shipping war 
materiel, will have valuable application to your peacetime products. 
Familiarize yourself with these new packaging techniques—send for 
the KIMPAK* “post-war packaging book”’. 

Right now, KIMPAK is mighty busy convoying military supplies 
to our fighting forces. But after victory KIMPAK will lighten, safe- 
guard and beautify the products of peace. It'll pay you to learn more 
now about this amazingly resilient, compact cushion for products 
going places. Absorbs jars, cuts packaging time, reduces package size. 
Various types to protect anything—from pianos to jewelry. Get the 
whole story from this fascinating book. And for a post-war packag- 


ing plan, call, write or wire for a KIMPAK man. 
*KIMPAK (trade-mark) means Kimberly-Clark Wadding 








KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION MP-1244 
Creped Wadding Division, Neenah, Wisconsin 


Send copy of FREE KIMPAK BOOK on post-war packaging methods to 


DECEMBER * 1944 





ft ee de i 


ceping the lady 


Labels mean everything to a shop- 
per. They’re guideposts to quality, 
passports to preference. Customers 
would be lost without them. 


So when war’s demands broadened 
the use of wraps and labels, Oxford’s 
papermaking ingenuity was once 
more challenged. 


Could we get more wraps and labels 
out of a ton of pulp? Could we 
keep the strength needed for good 
performance on the automatic pack- 
aging machines? Could we keep 
printability with a lighter stock, 
make it serviceable? 


Don’t think for a minute that we 


52 MODERN PACKAGING 


| OX Okman 6 & @ : Games 68 Ou Oy OL 08 OY Stee os 0: eee > © Me OR OR U8) i 





€, 


Pe 


out of the dark 


found the answers all at once. But 
we did find them. 


Out of many such wartime emer- 
gencies has come a new fund of 
knowledge — new ways to make 
cellulose fibre work harder and 
do more. 


We have been accumulating such 
experiences since 1900. Every day 
for many years we have turned out 
a thousand miles of fine printing 
paper. When wartime restrictions 
are removed we will be equipped 
to make these standard papers even 
better than ever, and to be ot greater 
service in many ways to all users 
of printing. 


OXFORD 
PAPER 


COMPANY 
230 Park Avenue, New York 17,N.Y. 


MILLS at Rumford, Maine 
and West Carrollton, Ohio 


WESTERN SALES OFFICE: 
35 East Wacker Drive, Chicago 1, Illinovs 
















NDERSTANDING 


Our neighbors problems 
have made the package 
of tomorrow possible 





YOUR problems have always been OUR 
problems...that’s why we of the Sefton Fibre 
Can Company have always been able to 
design a package to fit your specific need. 
This spirit of understanding with our cus- 
tomers has made it possible to plan for 
your post-war needs now. It's the foundation 


of Sefton’s Package of Tomorrow for YOU! 


FIBRE CAN COMPANY 


ST.LOUIS ***** NEW ORLEANS 







ois ’ 


OISTRICT OFFICES: Los Angeles San Francisco Denver Tampa Chicago Des Moines New Orleans _—_— Boston Detroit Kansas City St. Paul 


Omaha New York Cincinnatti Cleveland Oklahoma City Pittsburgh Memphis Nashville- Dallas Houston Salt Lake City Seattle 











DECEMBER ? 1944 53 


PHILADELPHIA @ 0 D BRi 


aa 
WASHINGTON Q 





S$? LOUIS 


ho. Mor Sowe lhes Groat hedusteia 


NOW! Another forward step by Ralston. This new plant at Old Bridge, New Jersey, is com- 
pletely equipped for manufacturing the Ralston line of Waterproof, Duplex and Crepe Papers. Here 
we have installed equipment for the manufacture of waterproof papers {including our famous L-2 


Tegumat} up to 108 inches wide, thus enabling us to meet your needs for the smallest to the largest 
sizes. 


Another important feature is our up-to-the-minute department for the making of waterproof 
bags and barrel and case liners. 


We're ready to serve you now at Old Bridge and at both plants we are prepared to furnish 
our large peacetime line of waterproof papers, as well as papers to meet the requirements of U. S. 
Army Ordnance, tentative specification AXS-1246, Revision 1. Type C-1, C-2, E-1, E-2, L-2. 


mi gue” «W. Ralston & Co. Inc. 
7 oe Niagara Falls, N. Y. 


Founded 1890—Incorporated 1918 
Plants at Niagara Falls, New York and Old Bridge, New Jersey 
Saturated Papers — Building Papers — Reinforced Papers — Duplex Papers — Case, 
Barrel and Bag Liners — Creped Papers — Laminated Specialties 
Sales Office— 220 E. 42np StrEET, New York, N. Y. 


54 MODERN PACKAGING 

















& 
o seamless 


shatterproof 


* 


Literally hundreds of pharmaceuticals, drugs and drug sundries 
have been attractively packaged in shatterproof CLEARSITE 
vials. Scores of these items, in daily use, and hence carried 
about in pocket or handbag offer consumers the extra advan- 
tage of surviving accidental abuse. 


That shatterproof feature means added value to users. The colorful 
labeling—offset directly on the containers in manufacturing process— 
affords tamper-proof, loss-proof instructions and lasting identity in 
addition to greater eye-appeal. 


* Reg. U. S. Pat. Off; 
Why not ask our Packaging-Engineers for suggestions? 


CELLUPLASTIC CORPORATION 


40 AVENUE L NEWARK, N. J. 





WEST COAST REPRESENTATIVES: CONTAINER SERVICE CO., 1266 North Western Avenue, Los Angeles 27, Cal. 
deena TT NOC ES Ee Se ee Se See Se Se ee Sc ee 


DECEMBER ° 1944 






























| and nearer comes the day of final victory 
... when the sword and shield of War will be cast 
aside and the giant’s hands forever shackled. 





> With the end of war... and all its necessary evils 
... Must come much good. First, of course, the endur- 
ing peace and security for which we were forced to 
fight. But, through the tragic emergencies of war, 
will also come other benefits... new advantages 
and conveniences in the needed products of peace. 
> War made necessary many new materials, skills 
and methods in the manufacture of war supplies. 
These new methods and materials will, with war’s 
end, at once be adapted to peace-time products. 

> Throughout our Nation, this is true. It is true here 
at Inland where, in supplying the war-needs of our 
Government, many new techniques were required. 
> The improvements in methods and materials we 
have thus developed, through the experience of war, 
will be yours in the products and service of INLAND 
... when the good day comes. May it be soon. 





INLAND CONTAINER CORPORATION 


CORRUGATED FIBRE BOXES 


INDIANAPOLIS, IND. +» MIDDLETOWN, OHIO « EVANSVILLE, IND. «© MILWAUKEE, WIS 


56 





MODERN PACKAGING 





HAZEN PAPER COMPANY 


HOLYOKE . MASSACHUSETTS 























HOW TO GET A PACKAGE THAT SELLS 


Let Ritchie design your future package and it 
will have beauty more than skin deep. It will 
have the right material and structure for its job. 
It will be practical, convenient to use, easy to 
handle, to stack and display. It will proclaim 
your product-identity. It will be memorable and 
attractive. And Ritchie’s expanded, war-devel- 
Oped facilities for volume production assure its 
low cost. Let Ritchie demonstrate how you can 


get a better selling package. No obligation. Write 
US today, 


AND THE FEAST 


. . . and our new package, gentlemen, went over very well. 
Dealers liked it, displayed it. Consumers bought. Sales are in- 
creasing”’ 


Thus, frequently, do salesmanagers report the results of change to a 
better looking package. And witnessing such results—through 78 years’ 
packaging experience with leading merchandisers—Ritchie has learned 
how vital beauty in packaging is to sales. 

BEAUTY SELLS! 

It attracts all people everywhere—influencing their choice in every- 
thing from motor cars to mates—from the neckties they buy to the homes 
they choose to live in! 

It influences their choice in packaged products. It’s not coincidence 
that best selling products are the best packaged. Other things being 
equal—the most attractively packaged product invariably outsells com- 
petition. 

That’s why, in every Package by Ritchie—whether it contains a rare 
perfume or 50 toggle bolts—you will always find, in its lines, in its 
proportions, color or general design, a strong eye-pleasing quality— 
elements of beauty. 


AND COMPANY 
8851 BALTIMORE AVENUE - CHICAGO 17 
Set-Up Paper Boxes ¢ Fibre Cans ¢ Transparent Packages 


NEW YORK © DETROIT © LOS ANGELES © ST. LOUIS © MINNEAPOLIS 


DECEMBER ®* 1944 





























THE 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLASTICS 
1945 PLASTIOS CATALOG 


Announcing the forthcoming publication of Plastics greatest annual encyclo- 
pedia! Bigger than any of its famed predecessors, the 1945 PLASTICS 
CATALOG will encompass every important change and development in plastics 





during the past eventful year — will contain new articles on all the new 
materials, new machines and new methods. As usual, there will be a basic, 
definitive article on every plastic including molding compounds, laminates, 
coatings, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubbers. 


Already the advance sales have been tremendous. Thousands upon thousands 
of copies have been bought and paid for in advance by men and companies 
who have learned that they cannot afford to miss one edition of this annual 

encyclopedia. This year, the number of copies printed is strictly limited by the 
WPB paper limitation order. We urge every company and every individual 
who has need of the vital information contained in the PLASTICS CATALOG to 


be sure and reserve his copies now! Each year, the Catalog is sold out 





very quickly and this year the situation is even more acute. Do not delay! 














PRICE:—$6.00 per copy—$7.00 Foreign 
—$8.00 Canadian (including Canadian 
Customs Duty). 


@ More than 1200 pages. 


@ More than 150 separate articles on 
every type of plastic material, plastics 
manufacturing, mold making, etc. 
@ New articles on all the latest plas- 
tic materials, including—Silicones, Po- 
lectron, Polyethylene, Furane resins, 
Resorcin, formaldehyde resins and ad- 
hesives, Lignin, Phenolic sisal, Geon, 
high temperature-resistant styrene, poly- 
fibre and luminescent pigments. 


@ A brilliant gallery of full color 
illustrations of consumer plastics. 


@ Manufacturers’ samples and design- 
ers’ plans for post war plastics. 


@ New articles on processing mate- 

Bases ese yaar i Pg sul gs said acs Wcsas en pee sa Paste Seta guns etyAibecamg peels aaeeanva eta enstey toes Taane rials, injection molding of thermoplas- 
tics, molding with high frequency heat, 
blowing thermoplastics, etc. 

@ All eight famous charts revised and 

enlarged — including plasticizers, sol- 


vents, synthetic fibers and synthetic 
rubbers. 


REMITTANCE MUST ACCOMPANY ORDER 
Please enter my order for the 1945 PLASTICS CATALOG one-volume encyclo- 





NE WO eoressccceeseactriccacnae copylies) @ $6.00 per copy. 
*Foreign $7.00 per copy — Canada $8.00 per copy. 


MODERN PACKAGING 








UPACO is a ue recognized for 


many years as an outstanding symbol of 
quality. It stands for more than one ad- 
hesive, for it is the trade name applied 
to acomplete line 





grown and been improved for over 
75 years... The Union Paste Company 
is anxious to discuss with you your 
specific adhesive requirements, and 
is particularly in- 





of flexible glues, 
stripping glues, 
labelling glues 
and pastes which 
have steadily 





Glu-Weld Water Resistant Adhesives 
Flexible Glues ¢ Stripping Glues 
Transparent Film Adhesives * Bookbinding Adhesives 
Case, Bag and Carton Sealing Glues 
Labelling Adhesives 
Laminating Adhesives for Films, Papers and Cloths 
Bench Pastes ¢ Tight-Wrap Glues 


terested in work- 
ing with you on 
possible postwar 
uses of industrial 
adhesives. 








Uniou Parte Company 


1605 HYDE PARK AVENUE * 


HYDE PARK, 


DECEMBER °* 1944 


MASSACHUSETTS 


61 














we 


BIG ADVERTISEMENTS IN FULL COLOR 
BOOST PUBLIC PREFERENCE FOR CANS 


Every month more than 30,000,000 printed messages—full pages in 
full color—are reminding your consumers of the advantages of cans. 

The convincing sales story of the steel-and-tin container reaches 
families throughout the nation through leading Sunday newspapers 
and the ten great national magazines shown here. 


: | etter Homes Gardens 
wena b 2,479,448 GOOD HOUSEKEEPIS¢ “Lbergy 


2,690,373 135,72; 


rue 100K 


Ti 1,919,130 


556,469 3.535, 4 
2,556 3,475,822 700 136.747 








_ 


NO OTHER CONTAINER 





MODERN PACKAGING 



































_ a —e 
—— 
__ 


’ Here are the 0 MAJOR REASONS 


housewives gave in recent nation-wide survey 





ae Cans are safer! They don’t break, prevent discoloring and deterioration. 
b& chip, split, leak or tear. “=, Cans are more convenient! They’re 

Sy Cans protect your health! Products Y = easier to handle, to store, to open, to 
\E3 in cans keep better—and longer. dispose of after use. 


Cans protect product quality! The sa>, ... And they’re more economical! 
WE 7 


=” protect products from air and light— Cans are less expensive. 


$O YOU, in planning your post-war packaging, can take 
advantage of these proved consumer preferences ... and 
plan now to pack your product in that familiar, well-liked 
container, the steel-and-tin can! 


CAN MANUFACTURERS’ INSTITUTE, INC., NEW YORK 
al aoe ‘ _/) 
PROTECTS |] LIKE THE CAN y 


a tt Pa ER an REIS 
























DECEMBER * 1944 63 








Manufacturers of over 230 different protective packaging papers 
—plain, printed, waxed, lacquered, laminated, embossed—in every 


case perfected to meet our customers individual requirements. 


RIEGEL PAPER CORPORATION « 342 Madison Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. 


64 MODERN PACKAGING 








TACTICS for Tomorrow... 


In the desperate urgency of turning 
millions of men into soldiers, the Army 
developeda highly effective instruction 
technique in the “Graphic Portfolio.” 

The Graphic Portfolio got across 
after other forms of instruction had 
failed, kept GIs awake and interested 
because it was positive, pertinent and 
personal, dramatized ignorance as well 
as information, is credited with saving 
thousands of lives. 

During the preparation of the Army 
portfolios, we were privileged to help 
with ideas and visualizations as well as 
actual manufacture . . . and became 
convinced that thisinstructionmedium 
has unlimited application in peacetime 
business—in training salesmen and 
service men, personnel instruction, 
saleswork with consumers and the 
trade; in improving customer relations 
for dealers. We are ucx, engaged in 


the production of portfolios for four 
commercial accounts. 


Tue Graphic Portfolio is group 
presentation ... largely visual for fast 
and easy assimilation; dramatized and 
speeded-up to maintain maximum at- 
tention and interest; devised to avoid 
the eye and ear conflict that often makes 
“chart presentations” ineffectual; and 
involves audience participation. Script 
and full directions for the speaker are 
ready provided, require no particular 
competence and a minimum of advance 
study, does not make the presentation 
dependent on the speaker! 

We assume complete responsibility 
for the preparation of the Graphic 
Portfolio—the research, visualization, 
copy, art procurement—as well as its 
physical production. Demonstration is 
available on request. 


EINSON-FREEMAN C@O., Inc. 


Ever Learning Lithographers 


Starr & Borden Avenues, Long Island City, New York 


DECEMBER °* 1944 














YOUR SHIPPING DEPARTMENT... | 





“~ 

Ws. ALIVE, haven't I got enough production woes... 
without you barging in to grumble about my shipping department! Red-headed step- 
child, indeed! . .. My shipping department! ... And you ask me what has been done to 4 
modernize it? Well—er—of course, the plant’s gone fluorescent. Space, masonry, steel 
work—swell. Trucking service best to be had. Of course, I've got efficiency engineers. 
Packaging engineer? Yes, I know APACO is top flight in the packaging field. Always 
said you can’t beat APACO shipping containers. But here you are, telling me I haven't 
modernized my shipping department! You're saying it's too small—too dark—too 
cluttered up to permit the best use of the corrugated boxes which we pay our good 
money for. My shipping department ...a measly, red-headed stepchild out of step with 
the rest of the plant! The shippers can’t do a modern packaging job in a gaslight era 
background? Well, I concede, you may be right. I know that APACO can design folding 
boxes and corrugated containers that insure safe delivery right from the start. But the 
start must be right. Perhaps I should let an APACO packaging engineer transform my 
shipping department from a red-headed stepchild into a fair-haired boy of commerce... At 
least... you've got me thinking about it!... What's that?...make it a step-ladder to in- 
creased...stop...I’m sold... bring in one of your packaging engineers for a conference.” 


t 
( 
I 
( 
) 
( 










ATLANTA PAPER 


Established ... 


MODERN PACKAGING 





























Later: “Miss Weatherby, wire APACO 
their man’s done it again! The order? What 
order? He didn’t try to sell me a paper cup. 
But I've decided—it's my idea to consult 
with an APACO packaging engineer. Seems 
our shipping department needs modernizing. 
Post-war selling plans, you know. Say, if he 
isn't aregular Alexander Botts. Orishe? But 
for my money, Miss W., it's APACO shipping 
containers, and for our shipping depart- 
ment it's an APACO packaging engineer!” 


As manufacturers of cartons and containers, Atlanta Paper Co. 
is genuinely interested in improved shipping facilities for all manu- 
facturers. Apaco engineers are at your service ... to study your 
needs and to make constructive suggestions for your shipping depart- 
ment ...so0 that you can get the best out of good shipping containers. 
There is no obligation on your part. Write, phone or wire us today! 


COMPANY... #elanca 


... 1868 


DECEMBER °* 1944 

















THE ANCHOR HOCKING GLASS PACKAGE COMPLETELY RECONCILES ALL THE 
DIVERSE DEMANDS OF EXECUTIVES, DEPARTMENT HEADS AND SALES FORCE 


Policy executives want a package which protects products from deterioration, 
spoilage and loss of virtues until consumed, thus assuring consumer satisfac- 
tion and eliminating complaints and returns. Treasurers and purchasing agents. 
are interested in initial and production costs, and in the long-run economy of 
having the best package for the job. Production heads demand packages 
accurate in capacity and finish, resistant to shocks of high-speed operations, 
and economical on labor costs through ease and speed of handling. They 
also prefer a supplier able and willing to render expert technica] and re- 
search assistance when needed. Sales and advertising men want a package 
that enhances the attractiveness of the product, stimulates product recogni- 
tion and acceptance, and meets the consumer’s preference for easy opening 
and resealing. 

From all these points of view, an Anchor Hocking glass container—sealed 
with the correct type of Anchor metal or plastic cap for an airtight or vacuum 


seal — forms the ideal package for your products. 








WILL THE GLASS 
PACKAGE YOU RECOMMEND 
SATISFY THE DIVERSE 
REQUIREMENTS OF THIS 
GROUP, MR. HIGBEE 7 


A.V. HIGBEE, one of Anchor Hocking’s 
ablest and most popular men, has been 


amember of the Anchor Hocking family 
for 25 years. 


|. Meet Corliss Archer” every 
Thursday evening, entire coast- 


} to-coast network CBS. 





FROM ALL POINTS 
OF VIEW, ANCHOR HOCKING 
GLASS PACKAGES SATISFY 

















ANCHOR -HOCKING GLASS CORPORATION * LANCASTER, OHIO 





























one of A THOUSAND ano ONE unique PACKAGES 


Precious eyes, injured by war-gas, present a 
serious and vital problem. The treatment must be 
prompt—the solution freshly mixed—the powder 
sterile—the dosage accurate. 

The package illustrated above—prepared for 
war and now in civilian use—satisfied every de- 
mand. For dropper-bottle, measured dosage of 
Sodium Sulamyd powder wrapped by Sanitape- 
Sealtite and illustrated instructions are provided 
complete—ready for instant use. Two factors were 


CONTRACT PACKAGING SERVICE 


ONE OF OUR AIR-CONDITIONED ROOMS—For those products which 
are particularly susceptible to changes in temperature and humidity, 
we provide individual packaging rooms which are accurately air- 
conditioned to individual requirements. Your product entrusted to us, 
has the same meticulous care as it does in your own plant. 















Our Contract Packaging Service is most complete. We: Receive 
your product in bulk, for storage in one of our three, separate, insured 
warehouses — Unit-wrap according to your instructions — Complete 
your packages as you may require, or—Return the Sanitape-Sealtite 
units to you in bulk containers for finished packaging in your own 
factory. A detailed monthly inventory of your account is provided. 


7 oa 


A UNIQUE 


a 


CONTRACT 


Completeness 
Convenience 
Freshness and 

Accurate Dosage 


A 


SANITAPE-SEALTITE 


Contribution to 


Packaging 


largely responsible for this successful solution—the 
unique advantages of Sanitape-Sealtite wrapping 
and our long and varied experience in creating 
ingenuous packages. Both may be important to you 
—economy, attractiveness, convenience and utility 
will be at a premium in the days ahead. Your 
product packed by Sanitape-Sealtite has these im- 
portant advantages. We shall be glad to give you 
complete details pertinent to your particular situa- 


tion and requirements. 


COMPAN Y 


PACKAGING SERVICE 


FULLY COVERED BY U S$. AND FOREICN PATENTS AND PATENTS PENDING 






MODERN PACKAGING 


si San 














fl 
$ 
3 
bt 


THER 
> ke 









MAL LAMAZOO 
MICH. 








cuDAHYS o™" ~CUDAHYS 


REX « REX y 


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POSTWAR SELLING will require more attention to packaging .. . 
quickly identified, easily remembered designs . . . construction that 
guarantees complete protection from plant to home. Sutherland can 
supply whatever your products need . . . custom-built packages, 
laminated or special treated; cylindrical liquid-tight containers; cups; 
plates; trays. We make them all... from pulp to paperboard 


through printing and finishing. 


Effective color use, multiple impressions, or repeated designs like 
the 1, 2, and 4 pound packages illustrated, are important factors to 
consider. Our package engineers and artists will be glad to begin 


work now on your packages for the future. 


UTHERLAND PAPER COMPANY 


KALAMAZOO 13D, MICHIGAN 






DECEMBER * 1944 














DUNDED AND UNCOMPOUNDED 


Re 


t* tat fat Pan. 


Sa 


Ted pete. 


Naug 


DIVISION OQ 


MODERN PACKAGING 


Shs Se 


eee 2 


RS 














QUALITY PRINTING ON CELLOPHANE, 
ACETATE AND FOIL PAPERS +- ROLLS 
OR SHEETS - WRAPS FOR FOODS 
AND OTHER PACKAGED PRODUCTS - 
DESIGN FACILITIES AVAILABLE 


FOR POSTWAR PLANS 


— ne Y : 5 
! 15 WEST 18th $TREET Wh a 
Y. : x ‘a 


NEW YORK 11, MN. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 

















RS - GUMMED PAj 
VELOUR PAS 


ELL OPH) 





,UMMED SEALING 
/ATERPROOF PAPERS 
ANCY PAPERS - EMBOSS 


IABLE MATS = PAPER DOILIES 


NASHUA GUMMED AND COATEL 





DERN PACKAGING 


VOLUME 18 


1—The trick is to ask the 
questions in such a way that 
the housewife will talk about 
the package, not the product. 


DECEMBER, 


1944 NUMBER 4 


PHOTO COURTESY SAT. EVE. POST. © 1944 CURTIS PUB. CO. 


Pattern for a test of consumer acceptance 


Ww does the housewife think of my package?”” To 
obtain a dependable answer to that question is not a 
simple matter, as many a producer of packaged merchandise 
knows, sometimes to his cost. The problem of probing the 
minds of consumers, particularly of housewives, is beset with 
difficulties. In the case of packages, it has proved almost im- 
possible to keep to the subject, for invariably the ‘‘ques- 
tionee’”’ wants to talk about the product not its container. 

Important as it is for a producer to learn about the con- 
sumer acceptance of his product, there are times when the 
very existence of that product will depend on consumer ac- 
ceptance of his package. One of those times is immediately 
ahead. Before long, all the former package materials will 
again become available, and the producer will have a three- 
fold opportunity before him. He can continue with his 
present substitute package; he can return to his former pack- 
age material; or he may choose from among the scores of 
other materials—some of them war developments—which will 
be available. Guesswork may prove costly, if not disastrous. 

Of course, in arriving at a decision, the producer will confer 
with his suppliers of equipment, packaging materials and 
package fabricators, as well as his own production and mer- 
chandising departments. But the best and safest way to 
learn what the ultimate consumers think is to go out and ask 
them. There’s nothing startlingly original about that 


_. 


1 A.S, Bennett Associates, New York, N. Y. 


thought—the trick is to ask them in such a manner that the 
difficulty mentioned above will be avoided and the answers 
will apply strictly and solely to the consumer’s opinions of 
the package as such. 

The editors of MopERN PACKAGING for a long time have 
wanted to present to their readers an actual consumer pack- 


age research which was dissociated with consumer testing of 
a product. Naturally enough, the manufacturer who con- 


ducts market research isn’t too eager to tell the world about 
the results, no matter how favorable they may be; so when 
an opportunity came to cooperate with a marketing research 
service! in making such a study, the chance was quickly 
seized. The primary objective, it was decided, was to arrive 
at a formula elastic enough to perform the job for any prod- 
uct, and to obtain a large enough ‘“‘sample’”’ to test that for- 
mula thoroughly. The package to be investigated must be 
(a) a container for a widely used product, and (b) must be one 
where the problem of substitute materials made the consumer 
aware of at least two possible kinds of package materials. 
The last was easy—coffee was the choice. Used in prac- 
tically every home, it has always appeared in a variety of 
containers. The shortages of metals of recent years have 
largely restricted coffee packers to the use of glass jars, double- 
wall paper bags and folding cartons. These package changes, 
together with the rationing of coffee which prevailed for quite 
a time, made family purchasing agents very conscious of the 


DECEMBER °® 1944 75 





























container problems faced by both roasters and distributors. 

With a definite product in mind, it was an easy step to de- 
velop a formula. Usually there are certain points which a 
client instructs his market research agency to investigate. 
Although there was no client in the usual sense in this study, 
the procedure was similar, and the objective was reducible 
to a single question: ‘‘How do you like the package?’”’ But—- 
if you are going to keep the housewife on the subject of the 
package instead of the product—you can’t blurt that ques- 
tion out first thing: you must approach it gradually. 

The questionnaire in its final form consisted of only seven 
questions, for simplicity is one of the cardinal principles on 
which good market research operates. What is needed, ac- 
cording to this philosophy, is a workable formula which is a 
practical instrument in the hands of the field workers. Not 
only should the questionnaire be a means of drawing informa- 
tion from the respondents, but it should present that informa- 
tion in a form that can be successfully tabulated and analyzed. 
Accordingly, the first five questions ‘‘condition”’ the thinking 
of the respondent, by focusing her attention on the matter of 
the package. These five questions set up a psychological 
contact, as it were, between investigator and respondent, and 
require a minimum of conversation by permitting answers by 
simple affirmative or negative. By the time the sixth question 
is reached, the respondent—who has perforce been thinking of 
packages—is ready to talk at considerable length in telling 
what her preference is, and why. 

The adaptability of this formula could be tested easily by 
substituting any other product in-place of coffee. All that is 
necessary is to change the word ‘“‘coffee’’ to any other com- 
mon packaged product like tea, baby powder, dentifrice. 

Another point which the research man is concerned with is 
the workability of the questionnaire in the hands of the field 
workers. This particular organization has affiliations with 
investigators in all parts of the United States, but they know 
that it is unsafe to rely on the ability of field workers to ob- 
tain successful results through the use of badly set up ques- 
tionnaires. The questionnaire, they insist, is an instrument 
that must produce similar results no matter where it is used 
or by whom it is applied. Simplicity of form, directness of 
questions, avoidance of ambiguous terms or long words— 
these are all factors contributing not only to the success of 
the formula in the field, but also to the ease, speed and 
economy of tabulating the results. 

In presenting the results, it must be remembered that this 
was in reality merely a pilot study, consisting of only a matter 
of 600 interviews. These interviews were made by experi- 
enced workers, but specific instructions covering this par- 
ticular study were issued to them in mimeographed form. 
Portions of these instructions are worth repeating here: 

“Whom to Interview. In starting an interview find out 
whether or not you are talking to some housewife who does 
the buying of her own coffee. If she does not do her own 
shopping by personal calls at the store, don’t take an inter- 
view because women who shop over the phone or have a maid 
or some other member of the family do it for them will not be 
a good authority on packages. They may never see them. 

“Questions 1 to5. Some women have switched around from 
one brand to another and at first you may think this will lead 
to confusion, but note we ask ‘“‘your favorite brand.’”’ You 
should be able to get her to pin her remarks down to her 
favorite brand, and forget the rest. If she mentions her favor- 
ite brand, write it in the blank space in Question No. 2. 

“Now as to questions no. 6 and no. 7. The point to this is 
that in all of this switching around, due to scarcity, to ration- 
ing and to different methods of selling and packaging, nearly 


76 





MODERN PACKAGING 


every woman has been forced to learn some new things about 
Coffee such as the grind, freshness, flavor, handiness of pack- 
age, quality, confidence in brand, satisfaction with the method 
of packaging and many other factors. You keep right after 
her until she gives you some good reasons. Avoid influencing 
her or prompting her in any way. But probe her mind for 
her reasons why or why not, and give them to us in her own 
words. If we can’t get reasons why, the questionnaire will be 
practically useless.”’ 

It will be seen that these instructions, also, could be ap- 
plicable to any other product or package through the mere 
substitution of the other product name. The instructions are 
as elastic as the formula itself, and the usability of both in 
the hands of field workers of average intelligence was amply 
demonstrated by the nation-wide similarity of results. 

This is an important point. Although this particular 
study was merely a small sample or pilot study, if any investi- 
gation is going to be widely made very likely the actual han- 
dling of it will fall into the hands of investigators of all sorts, 
many of whom will not be experienced workers. The point is 
particularly applicable at present, when the problem of ob- 
taining workers in any line is acute. 

Careful analysis of the reports demonstrates that without 
exception the formula worked in the hands of every investi- 
gator. Of some 600 reports turned in, only five were killed 
by the tabulators merely on the ground of some very minor 
omission. If it had been essential, even these five could 
have been used, because in reality they were almost perfect. 

Now of course 600 reports of consumer reactions on a prod- 
uct of universal use constitute only a small sample. No na- 
tional distributor could afford to be guided by such a small 
number, except in the one point which this study set out to 
determine; namely, the validity of a method or a formula. 
No attempt was made to focus attention on any particular 
brand, but interestingly enough the results reveal the same 
pattern for almost all brands mentioned. If a manufacturer 
wished to test consumer package acceptance for his own 
brand, he could follow this formula. 

The study collected consumer opinion from every geo- 
graphical division of the United States, representing 83 
cities in 36 states, divided as follows: 


New England: South Atlantic: 


Maine | Delaware 1 

Vermont 2 Virginia 1 

Massachusetts 2 Florida 3 

Connecticut 1 North Carolina 2 

; . District of Columbia and 
M tddle Atlantic: Maryland 9 

New York 4 East South Central: 

New Jersey 1 Kentucky 3 

Pennsylvania 3 Ailsieuee 1 
East North Central: Mississippi 3 

hic 4 West South Central: 

Beilin 9 Arkansas 2 

Illinois 4 Oklahoma 3 

Michigan 2 Texas . 

Whessin 2 Mountain: 

Montana 1 

West North Central: Wyoming 1 

Minnesota 2 Colorado 1 

Iowa 7 New Mexico l 

Missouri 4 Utah 1 

North Dakota 2 Pacific: 

Nebraska 1 Oregon 

Kansas 4 California 4 











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istri y ike to obtain facts like: 
as distributor would like 
i f size, the reports were as follows: coffee roaster or cia cue ee 
From the standpoint of size, a ee % . 
43% came from cities of 100,000 or over. seis oe cai ee 
2/0 att : 
ities of 5 )00 population. any ea 
30% came from cities of 50,000 to 100,000 poy at ae 1.6% th 
27% came from cities of 25,000 or less. = suitecacda a tose 
S lection of geographical areas to be covered in any con- cemttamaae ak: eee 
a rand E was ¢ 
r study depends of course on the manufacturer’s desires RR 
sumer s — : : | | 
; eds, as does also the intensity of coverage in any par sian lpmignere Seen gh ing cher 
mr needs, a: s al 1 heer 4 é 
- lar area. Those points are easily controlled in using this main ae a 
icular area. j any " : | 
ula. For purposes of testing the formula, the geographi Sak uF as aa Ge ee _— 
ormula. ses S : ‘ ¢ h n : r Ses 
, pri elapsed tes in the market. Li , 
er > degree of intensity decide * pea : 
cal spread and the degr — Pot np nal et. Like 
o seta cae cae ‘ , every food store must stock so \ 
adequate he workability of the me Ple : th so | ! 
we - f the reports from the standpoint of those that it is easy to " a ge Re ieee 
pokes: ed ee the ) killed reports previously men- ferent rie a xperts, but not likely to change. 
were usable. Deducting . hia 4 theoretical distribution e a a " 
: ‘ a i iberately worded in such a ma 
i f 600, the remaining 5$ peipeaag oti 
tioned from the total of , sti ep , . a 
‘ : ns abulating the results. is ” pica ach onter 
form a very satisfactory basis for tabulating wgsaustua eae ances ae tei | : kage change 
, enn by war conditions: efo : 
analysis can be carried still . brought about by w ican 
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oe “ é' oe i y your favorite brand wa 
TE ners ne ce gs tioned, do you remember how yo inshanaceili: 
Tr . - ¢ 7 ( S m ° - : 
['wo answers to — 2 were . aged?’ Here are the answers, per -— 
: , : : | ‘ | note a e026. @ 6.6 ee 2616.8 Seo a 
One answer to Question 3 was ae, 2 
Two answers to Question 4 were useless. —— 2 9% 
oacee a ee ee he : 0 
Seven answers to question 6 were useless. ee x 8h 
Twenty-four answers to Question 7 were not used. ‘iis aint = ae % n 
The seventh question, it will be noted, is the other si € Meron a6 i aaa aaa oe 
he st wa from No. 6. Some of the answers to that question n Vi schiicieeteoue anaes oc aale 
the s Pe a out simply because the investigators had failed per cent Oo . ai cae cae 
va | ; is cing ; Te ae es 
ni Kt item “No preference’’ in cases where the re- is striking e nr peel ewig ise 
| nt : ) | : Y 4 ~ 
to chec ad actually not registered a preference. The fact The oo tue We cnusie, dea ooek aa 
spondent hac pe ania have been used if the tabulators dramatically s — eggs cine 
is that most of these cou é s che t wt i ss - he er 
Be as ae ir determination to put é : : svebiiies 2 ackage is it packed i 
had not leaned over backwards in their centages just cited. ‘What kind of pach : 
; : | kag 
ye pricgrkieniiteapni ll though it is now?’ The responses yielded the following aad 
[ w 2 is study, small tho ; cea ee wie 
If any proof were needed, this study me nig Paper bag..............--- 2.3% 
would demonstrate the intensity of Mrs. America’s eo — re % 
) [ The 595 ; which i ter..... Ae 
| prelerence in the selection of coffee. The 595 ey i $2 ? 
Were used all mentioned a specific favorite brand. Obvious ys aa : 1% 
such a small sample could not be expected to furnish any posi- Sin aaal . | ene 7 a - 
tive or definite information as to the actual distribution per- ; om o ma mere eee pee i 
t f ious brands, but the probability is that every The tro 
centages of various bre Ss, 4 








DECEMBER ° 1944 77 




























































mer, both with respect to availability of the product itself 
as well as shortages of packaging materials, are reflected in 
the answers to the third and fourth questions: 

‘“‘When coffee was rationed, were you always able to get 
your favorite brand?” 

Yes—58.5% No—40.7% Occasionally—0 .6% 

‘“‘Are you now able to get that same favorite brand ?”’ 

Yes—91.8% No—2.3% Occasionally—6 .9% 

How did the housewives like these package changes? They 
didn’t—at least, that is what 60% of those who were inter- 
viewed said, as compared with 32.3% who preferred the new 
package and 7.7% who didn’t care one way or the other. 
Those expressions came out in answer to Question 6. 

Question 7 was worded, ‘‘If in the same kind of package, do 
you like this package?’ The answers represented 32.4% 
of the entire study, and 79.3% of that portion were satisfied. 
It is worth noting that a considerable majority of those who 
thus said they were satisfied were purchasers of coffee in paper 
sacks, and that quite a few of them said they emptied the 
coffee into a permanent canister immediately on delivery at 
home. Another explanation was the element of economy. 

The $64 question, so far as the packaging field is concerned, 
is very specific: If the package material was a change from 
metal to paper bag, how did the consumers take to it? The 
tabulation shows that this change was reported in a little 
over 10% of the total. Of this number, 82% liked the metal 
package better in comparison with 10% who preferred the 
old, while to 5% it was a matter of indifference. The bal- 
ance, 3%, made no report. 

If the package change was from metal to glass, how did it 
fare in consumer esteem? This change was reported in 
42.8% of the total survey, and 54% of those who reported 
such a transition preferred the old to the new package, but 
37% were better pleased with the new. No particular pref- 
erence was indicated by 7%, and 1% made no report at all. 

In nearly 5% of the total number of cases, a change was re- 
ported from metal container to paperboard carton. Three- 
fourths of this small percentage expressed a preference for 
the old package; 21% expressed themselves as satisfied with 
the new, and 3% didn’t care. These preferences should be 
regarded merely as straws. It is not felt that the sample 
was large enough to do any more than serve to show a trend. 

In connection with the glass jar, one interesting point was 
brought out: the glass jar with a paper cap came in for harsh 
words in a number of cases. In several instances it was re- 
ported that the paper cap had given way to a metal cap, 
whereupon the hostility ceased. 

The reasons for package preference are of course points of 
interest for any package buyer, being chiefly significant as 
indications of the way consumers think. They like a package 
which delivers the product in fresh condition; this was men- 
tioned by a considerable portion of those interviewed. Only 
slightly less was the number of those who preferred a particu- 
lar kind of package because it preserved the flavor longer. 

Re-use value of the container, however, is the point men- 
tioned the greatest number of times—24% out of the total 
number of women attached importance to that feature. 

To some extent, perhaps, it might be concluded that this 
pveference is offset by the opinion in favor of an economical 
package like the paper bag, which opinion was expressed by 
17% of the total of those interviewed. A little more light on 

this same point is shed by the number of times mention is 
made of the practice, already referred to, of emptying the 
contents of the container into a canister when the package 
reaches the consumer’s home. This practice was specifically 
spoken of by a trifle more than 13% of those interviewed. 





78 MODERN PACKAGING 








This type of questionnaire is not merely accurate statisti- 
cally, but in addition it provides opportunity for recording 
the actual attitude and phraseology of the consumers inter- 
viewed. This feature adds tremendously to the human in- 
terest of such a study without in any way interfering with the 
ease of tabulation. (Interesting sidelight on this point was 
the fact that in preparing this article, the editors found cer- 
tain significant facts left out of the first tabulation. These 
facts were supplied just 50 minutes after a telephone request. ) 

It is not the intent of this article to make out a case for 
any type of package—attention should be called again to the 
fact that the study is far too small to be conclusive. 

Thrift, for instance, was in the mind of the North Dakota 
matron who admitted liking the glass jar because ‘“‘we get 
5¢ for every one we bring back. I save a nickel every time 
I buy a pound of coffee—that is, if I don’t break my jar before 
I get to the store with it.”” Hardly a packaging reason, that, 
but nevertheless a valid explanation for a choice. 

Real packaging reasons are given in the majority of cases. 
An Oklahoma housewife, for example, sums up the case for 
the glass jar thus: “It keeps the coffee fresher because it 
has a much tighter lid and I know it isn’t drying out. | 
always keep my coffee in the refrigerator after opening and the 
glass jar is a nice container for it. I depend on the empty jars 
for canning fruits and vegetables.”’ 

To which a California proponent of the metal can retorts: 
“The jars are apt to break, and the opening is so narrow I 
can’t get my measuring scoop in it.” 

The paper bag has its advocates. Here are some kind 
words from Kentucky: ‘‘I can readily open the paper bag and 
pour the contents into my metal container. This bag is more 
easily carried and is not so heavy as the glass jar. 

Frequent and enthusiastic mention was made of the use of 
glass jars for canning, but metal cans are not without their 
re-uses—some perhaps not known to the makers. A Kansas 
woman, for instance confesses to keeping the cans for storing 
staples. Furthermore, she reports, ‘‘I like to paint the cans 
and fill them with cookies at Christmas time.’’ And here is 
a mechanically minded Arkansas woman who says “I use 
tin cans to mix paint and I keep nails and tacks in them.” 

The Q. E. D. of this study was simply the workability of a 
method. The simplicity of the questionnaire and the ease of 
tabulating the results permits of almost any kind of a “‘take- 
off” by punch-hole cards. Here are some of the possibilities: 

1. What is the exact count and percentage ranking of 
each of the old methods of packaging in cities of various size 
or in various states? 

2. How do preferences for old and new types of package 
compare for cities of various size? 

3. Exactly what reasons are given for their preferences 
by housewives and (a) the entire survey, (b) in cities of various 
size, and (c) in various states or regions of the country? 

4. What is the percentage rank by brands (a) in the en- 
tire survey and (b) in cities of various size? 

5. How does the availability of the favorite brand com- 
pare in cities of different sizes (a) before rationing (b) now? 

The fact is that few efforts have as yet been made to test 
the acceptance of the package as such. The current period 
of shortages, it is true, demonstrates the need for such 
studies, but without any question the need for making them 
periodically will become more apparent as commerce and in- 
dustry return to their normal channels and practices. 


Credit: Survey conducted by A. S. Bennett Associates, Marketing 
Research Service, New York, N.Y. Tabulating by Barnard Tabu- 
lation Service, New York, N. Y. 








































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Spark plugs are hung on conveyor at far end, automatically dipped in ethyl cellulose tank in foreground, 
carried back overhead while drying and loaded directly into shipping cases. 








Girl is adding plastic td melt. 


Mechanical dipper ... for plastic skin packaging 





_— the advent of the plast’c dip method of packaging, 
which became an approved Ordnance method last spring,! 
two things have been needed to put it on a volume basis com- 
mensurate with the amount of interest shown by the trade: 
a heating tank to keep the molten ethyl cellulose at precisely 
the right consistency, and a mechanical means of dipping 
small parts at high speed. 

Several manufacturers are now producing acceptable heat- 
ing tanks,” and a combined mechanism which melts the plastic 
and automatically dips small parts has just been placed in 
operation. 

This is apparently one of the first successful mechanical 
dipping operations, so far as ethyl cellulose is concerned. It 
is significent that it has been designed for the dip packaging 


of spark -s—thus being also one of the first applications 
of the eth, lulose “‘skin” to a large-volume peacetime 
item. 


At the Corco. 1 Brown Lamp Works Division of the 
Electric Auto-Lite Co., Cincinnati, the new device is pack- 
aging spark plugs at the rate of 4,500 an hour. The spark 
plugs are simply hung on racks and attached to a conveyor 
which dips them into the ethyl cellulose tank and returns them 
to the starting point, dry and ready to be loaded directly in 
shipping cartons. No further wrapping is necessary. The 
tough plastic skin gives complete, lasting protection against 
corrosion, and is easily removed simply by slitting and 
stripping off. 


Corcoran Brown engineers designed the conveyor shown in 


MopERN PACKAGING, February, 1944, pp. 64-70. 
* MODERN PACKAGING, July, 1944, pp. 100-101 and subsequent. 


the accompanying photograph. An operation hangs six 
plugs on each cross bar. After being uniformly immersed in 
the dip compartment of the plastic coater, the plugs are re- 
turned overhead to the end from which they start. 

The conveying mechanism is a compact unit, the whole 
assembly taking up much less floor space than an installation 
using the wrapping method for an equal production. The 
overhead return permits a travel time sufficient to allow the 
plugs to cool before packing, and therefore requires a mini- 
mum of labor since the persons packing can also remove the 
coated parts from the conveyor. 

The mechanized unit can, of course, readily be used for 
dipping other products of comparable size. If hand dipping 
is desired for large parts, or for small production runs, it can 
be accomplished from two sides of the dipping compartment. 

Indirect heat is employed in the melting tank. This is 
said to enable the melting of 100 Ibs. of plastic per hour with- 
out danger of breaking down the ethyl cellulose by excess 
heating. Thermostatic control is maintained over both 
the heat exchange medium and the plastic to insure that 
neither rises over its maximum allowable temperature. The 
plastic is melted and preheated to proper temperature for 
dipping before entering the dip tank section of the unit. 
Extremely close control (2 deg. F. maximum variation) and 
uniformity of temperature are said to be achieved with re- 
markably low heating surface temperature. 

The solid plastic is introduced at the loading end of the 
tank and reduced to liquid at the right-hand .end of the 
heating pads. The temperature of the liquid is raised to the 
dipping temperature by flowing (Continued on page 162) 


DECEMBER °* 1944 79 




















INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPENING 


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© The potient ghovid be observed com 

bleed counts : 

Teildbedeee Theargiscborted UMM G) 4,,.0- . he use of sulfa powder on battle wounds as a precaution- 

ann * ” wt inar anyg. £278 ther ee ee 

ies sein see al Neon wll erty, Sat ones | ary measure against possible infection has been well 
: jamie givae ovat. Tone forcoge wal on | | | 

a be known. However, the application of sulfa powder into in- 


Sagres Stem Eee 


Mote~ inner on. 
Yelope mey 
be Temovad 


TTTHETCOLIELS: os. . cisions, post-operative, is now common practice in surgical 
poate caeresee, Ht, 681 technique although not so well known to the layman. 

In either case, the drug and the packaging must conform 
to certain rigid specifications. At the time of application, 
the drug must be sterile to preclude any possibility of intro- 
ducing contamination or any source of further infection. 
That part of the package handled by the surgeon must be 
sterile and any part of the package which the sterile powder 
contacts going into the incised cavity must be sterile. 

Since sterilization requires subjection of the completed 
package to high heat for an extended period of time, the ten- 
dency of the white sulfa drug to discolor in the presence of 
volatile substances given off by the heated paper and glue 
posed a problem in the selection of the proper paper and seal- 
ing compounds. The materials ultimately incorporated in 
the envelope were decided upon only after exhaustive tests. 

“Sterilope’’ is the copyrighted name for this sulfa drug 
envelope marketed by Abbott Laboratories. The special 
package and the automatic equipment for filling and sealing 
of the double envelope were designed by M. Robert Fields 
of the Abbott engineering staff. Patents are pending. 

As a departure from the conventional method of sifting 
from a flat bag, the perforated sifter opening in the Sterilope 
was attained by inverting the sifter flap, folding it inwardly 





within the inner envelope. Thus, when the top edge is held in 
a pinched closed position there can be no leakage of the con- 
tents. With pressure along the edges of the envelope near 
the top, the expansion of the top opening exposes the per- 
forated sifter in a flattened position. 


1—Front and back panels of package, showing instruc- 
tions for opening. 2—Opening outer envelope. 3—Sterile 
inner envelope is removed with sterile forceps or gloved 
hand. 4—Flat-stock outer envelope and inner (right) show- 


ing shaker top. 5—Six Sterilopes cartoned for sale. 


PHOTOS 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 COURTESY ABBOTT LABORATORIES 5 





DNINIGO #O4 SNOLLINBISNE 
Som Ligt He. 233% 
; STERILOPE 
Sterile 
SULFANILAMIDE 








CARE CN Se 





OEE SS 


high-speed package for sulfa drug 


The outer envelope was designed to create not only a posi- 
tive sealed wrapper for the sterile inner member, but also to 
facilitate a rapid and easy access to the application of the sulfa 
contents. It must be borne in mind that, because of sterility 
requirements, the sequence of movements starting from the 
handling of the presumably contaminated outer surface of 
the outer envelope to the exposure of the inner envelope to 
quick handling by the aseptically protected hands of the 
surgeon is the important factor embodied in the package. 

In designing the outer envelope, with its break-away flap, 
consideration had to be given to the limitations of standard 
envelope machines. The filling and sealing had to be per- 
formed without a hand touching of the intricate glue pattern; 
therefore, the envelope is formed with the top flap closed, sub- 
sequently filled through the bottom. 

The complete assembly, from the inner envelope fill and 
seal to the insertion into the sealing of the outer envelope, is 
performed at the rate of 2,000 per hour, employing two syn- 
chronized mechanical units. 

The completed inner envelope is discharged flat-wise into 
a tilted tray and progresses along the tray for inspection be- 
fore insertion into the outer sleeve. This is then positioned 
in front of lugs on the conveyor carrying the assembled pack- 
age for the final gluing and folding over. 

When the inner envelope with its inverted-fold sifter flap 
is securely enclosed at the ends by the outer envelope, the lips 
of the pouring outlet are trapped against leakage at any time 
except when the closure force created by the flap of the outer 
envelope is broken away. 

The completed units are sterilized in an autoclave. 


Credit: Machines, Frank D. Palmer, Inc. Chicago. 


6—Abbott’s sulfa packaging dept. 7—Inner bags at 
filling station are held open by suction cups. 8—Envelopes 
move from filler (off left) to score roll, tuck-in flap, glue 
and pressure pads. 9—Envelope discharged from conveyor 
to inspection tray. 10—Outer envelope sealing unit. 


10 (Page 81) 














Sthig 1st py 


1—Scale models (1 in. = 


LiBeery S | 
ey! HID 
e HOLD e 


l ft.) are used as teaching 


% 
OFFICIAL U. S. NAVY PHOTOS 


aids for the personnel. 


This one shows how palletized units are loaded into the hold of a Liberty ship. 


Palletizing ... it may revolutionize postwar shipping 





World War II. Fortunately, many of the innovations 
will have practical application in peacetime. 

The shecr magnitude of modern military operations en- 
sures adoption of devices and techniques of packaging and 
moving material with maximum speed and safety. A limited 
proportion of industry is at present sharing the benefits of 
careful investigations by the services. With country-wide 
facilities for research and development work, and with 
battlefields and bases throughout the world acting as proving 
grounds, the Army and Navy get the facts. Industry will 
discover that new methods will revolutionize thinking in 
many fields and each company owes it to itself to keep well 
informed in order to face future competition. 

The Naval Ordnance Materials Handling Laboratory, 
located at the U. S. Naval Ammunition Depot, Hingham, 
Mass., has been responsible for some outstanding develop- 
ments, many of which are of universal application. An 
examination of the functions of this Laboratory will give 
many clues to palletizing’s future. 

During the early days of this war, man-power and material 
shortages forced careful investigation of methods which 
would make less go further. The Navy’s Bureau of Ordnance 
faced particularly difficult problems since it was concerned 
with heavy matériel which had to be handled with caution. 


News has mothered innumerable inventions during 





* Prepared by the Naval Ordnance Materials Handling Laboratory, U. S. 
Naval Ammunition Depot, Hingham, Mass. 





82 MODERN PACKAGING 





The first report on palletizing, disclosing 
great savings in the warehousing and ship- 
ping of Navy clothing, appeared in Modern 
Packaging just a year ago. This article 
details the organization and functions of a 
large-scale palletizing operation and points 
out applications of the method to postwar 
civilian packaging. 


At Hingham experiments in the application of palletization 
and mechanical handling produced such successful results 
that the Bureau of Ordnance wished to effect this application 
throughout all its activities. First, however, the Bureat 
recognized the need for intensive research and development 
work devoted to establishing and standardizing methods of 
packaging and palletizing Ordnance matériel. To meet this 
need, the bureau established the Naval Ordnance Materials 
Handling Laboratory. This laboratory has been organized 
functionally and is comprised of the following sections: 

Packaging Section: This section analyzes packages already 
in use to determine their conformance to palletization prit- 


ciples, their strength for mechanical handling and warehous § 
ing, and the economy of materials inherent in their design. J 








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Where necessary, the container is redesigned. For new 
items, containers are designed according to the above needs. 

Wherever it is possible to achieve economy in cost and 
consumption of critical container materials, the container is 
eliminated entirely and the items secured directly to the 
pallet. In all cases, laboratory tests determine the suitability 
of the container for its function. 

Unit Load Section: With relatively few exceptions, this 
section utilizes a wood pallet which is 48-in. square and 
which has been virtually standardized throughout all Naval 
© activities. This pallet consists of top and bottom faces 
separated by 2 in. by 4 in. stringers placed on the narrow edge 
to admit the carrying arms of mechanical handling equip- 
3 ment. The bottom face is needed to distribute heavy stack- 
ing weights over a larger area of the unit load below than is 
possible with ordinary skids. 

One great advantage of the square pallet lies in the variety 

of arrangements of containers or items which its shape makes 
possible. Once the most satisfactory arrangement is deter- 
mined, steel strapping is applied in a way to produce a secure 
| unit load which will remain intact throughout its use. 
: There are some containers the shape, strength and con- 
struction of which will permit them to be strapped directly 
to 4 ft. by 4 ft. skids, thus dispensing with the pallet. The 
feasibility of each unit load arrangement is also checked in 
laboratory tests. 

Carloading Section: ‘This section specifies carloading ar- 
rangements of Ordnance matériel with particular stress on 
unit loads. Since the size of the pallet allows it to be placed 
in the freight car according to any one of a number of simple 
plans, blocking and bracing to conform to each plan can be 
specified simply, with variations depending on the height and 
weight of the load. 

Marine Terminal Handling Section: This section studies 
materials handling problems at Marine terminals, with stress 
on the handling of palletized materials. 

Field Survey Section: Officers of this section visit the 
—_ plants of Naval Ordnance contractors to survey existing 
facilities and plant layouts. The feasibility of introducing 
palletization and mechanical handling methods is determined 
and in those plants where the system is applicable, slight 
] modifications in layout are made where necessary, equipment 
is consigned and an officer returns to this plant to install the 
d palletization program and instruct plant personnel in its 
details. 

Training Section: To indoctrinate Materials Handling 
Officers and personnel attached to other Ordnance activities 
in materials handling methods developed or applied by the 
Laboratory, a school was established and run in conjunction 
with the Laboratory. Lectures included extensive use of 
models and were supplemented by field work. The subjects 
| in which instruction was offered included packaging, palletiz- 
‘ion } ing, carloading, shiploading, advance base handling, space 
ults F) control, and use and maintenance of handling equipment. 























































































































‘“¥ 


—_—lU(<i“SOCU 





tion : Publication Section: In order to disseminate information 
reall §) = m_ the several broad fields of materials handling, a monthly 
ent 
-_ 
ms & 2—Warehousing, World War I style, was slow; tediously 
is i c 
‘als irs done by hand. 3—World War II warehousing methods 
ua Be sometimes save as much as 90% in man-hours alone. 


Palletization and mechanical handling of unit loads of 





pike 


SA ea ere ae) eae ae 


shell canisters cut warehousing costs sharply. 4—Use of 
collapsible crates for bulk stowage of difficult items. 


ady § 
rin- F 
ous: | 
ign. 


Compare fork truck stacking or fork truck or transporter 
Stowing with hand-stowing method shown in Fig. 2. 






DECEMBER ° 1944 


























MODERN PACKAGING 


publication, called The Palletizer, is issued by the laboratory, 

The greatest factor in the efficient operation of the Ma-- 
terials Handling Laboratory is the continuous co-operation 
between various sections. This interdependence is a con- 
trolling factor in every phase of each project. For instance, 
a package is designed with every future operational function 
in mind. Besides conformance to palletization, the weaving 
and racking motion encountered in freight cars is counteracted 
in the construction of the container. Additional forces en- 
countered on board ship are also considered. 

Unit load design is at once limited by considerations of 
containers on the one hand and lot quantities, freight car 
dimensions, capacities of mechanical handling equipment 
and factory and warehouse layouts on the other. 

Specifications prepared by any one section are carefully 
reviewed and checked by members of other sections in 
order that all possible difficulties may be anticipated in this 
fashion and then corrected at the source. Further checks 
are provided by members of the field section. 

A pplication of System: A detailed description of the appli- 
cation of this system by the Laboratory to one item, the 40- 
mm. projectile, should serve to establish a clear picture in the 
mind of the reader. However, the implications for future 
application to peacetime products are obvious. 

Before the problem was introduced to the Laboratory, 
40-mm. projectiles had been packaged according to broad 
specifications. The containers used were either wirebound 
boxes of light construction or weatherproof fibreboard 
boxes. The projectiles were arranged vertically in five 
rows of ten projectiles each and separated by greaseproofed 
fibreboard partitions within a similarly treated full fibreboard 
liner. 

These packages usually withstood single usage satisfacto- 
rily. However, the shapes and sizes of the packages made for 
inefficient palletizing. In addition, the wirebound boxes 
generally would be damaged or rendered unfit for re-use by 
damage to the veneer or the presence of twist-wire closures 
which would have to be cut and thus destroyed in opening. 
All flaps of the fibreboard box were glued since this type of 
container depends for its rigidity on glued ‘closure. 

In approaching the problem of the package, the Laboratory 
sought to design a re-usable container in order to conserve 
a considerable proportion of the critical packaging material 
which a large volume item such as the 40-mm. projectile 
consumes. 

Because of the advantageous feature of the looped-wire 
closure, which can be opened and closed several times, the 
wirebound box was desirable. In addition, it had the advan- 
tages of being both light in weight and compact. By increas- 
ing the thickness of the veneer, it seemed possible that a 
container could be obtained which could withstand success- 
fully the rough treatment ordinarily involved in several 
shipments. 

Utilizing the customary interior arrangement of projectiles, 
such a container was constructed. This container withstood 
rough treatment tests fairly well, and by a complicated 
arrangement, could be made into a unit load. However, 
these results were not considered entirely satisfactory and 
the arrangement of projectiles was changed. 

Twenty-five projectiles, arranged upright, 5 by 5, were 
placed in a folding fibreboard box containing fibreboard sepa- 
rators waxed-coated to achieve greaseproofness as a corrosion- 


5, 6, 7, 8—Diagrams show some of many possible arrangeé- 
ments of containers on the same type of square pallet. 


in Oe Re Lat 


























































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g—Ammunition gets a mini- 
mum of 9 handlings from fac- 
tory to front; has received as 
many as 67. 10—This die-cut 
did not secure item; difficult 
clean cuts slowed manufac- 
ture. 11—Laboratory rede- 
signed die-cut so item could 
not be shaken out. Clean cuts 
were overcome; 20 pieces now 
fitinto space of 16. 12—New 
containers for 40-mm. shells 
will stand five trips. Cost 
per trip is said to be 5¢. 






















preventive measure. With one such box placed on top of 
another, a new wirebound container was evolved which was 
roughly cubical and which had ends of sufficient depth to 
permit utilization of the advantageous all-bound construc- 
tion. This construction includes end binding wires and 
results in greatly increased strength. 

Because of the more favorable distribution of forces within 
this container and because of its construction, it was able to 
withstand approximately four times as much rough treat- 
ment as the flat container. In test shipments it was found 
that this container could withstand at least five uses. In 
both cases, the veneer, cleats, and binding wires were of equal 
weight and strength. 

The convenient shape of this container and the fact that 
its gross weight was limited to approximately 75 Ibs. make it a 
satisfactory unit to handle. The other factor which was 
taken into consideration in the revised design of this con- 
tainer was the outside dimension which allowed for a simple 
scheme of palletization. 

Whereas the cost of the old single-trip container was over 
17 cents, the cost per trip of the new one is less than 5 cents. 

Utilizing the arrangement which was anticipated when the 
container was designed, the Unit Load Section placed 40 
boxes on the pallet in five rows of four boxes each and two 
tiers high. The top tier was secured with a girth strap and 






























DECEMBER °* 1944 





















13 


13—Old method of boxing 5-in. projectiles was costly, consumed much critical material. 14—New method 


the containers were secured to the pallet with two overhead 
straps, thus completing a secure unit load. The resulting 
load weighs approximately 3,200 pounds and is well within 
the capacities of the handling equipment customarily used. 

It is readily apparent, however, that an additional tier 
would have resulted in a unit load of excessive weight. A 
further consideration is that of lot quantity, which in this 
particular case is 20,000 projectiles. Lot quantities are estab- 
lished and numbered for the purpose of identification, and 
it is desirable that a lot be segregated but not dispersed. 
Within the unit load of 40-mm. projectiles, there are con- 
tained 50 projectiles in each of the 40 boxes, a total of 2,000. 

In establishing the carload plan, consideration is given 
to the fact that 10 unit loads will comprise one lot of pro- 
jectiles. Furthermore, since the weight of each unit load is 
3,200 pounds, the weight of the full lot will be 32,000 pounds. 
Since the majority of our freight cars have a weight capacity 
of 100,000 pounds, it is possible to include three complete 
lots without exceeding this capacity. A carloading and 
bracing plan for the 30-unit loads was then devised. 

In full application of this packaging and materials han- 
dling system, manufacturers holding Naval Ordnance con- 
tracts are customarily supplied with specifications for the 
package, unit load and carload. Under the guidance of 
officers of the field section, the items are packaged and 
arranged in unit loads. Then, using a fork truck or an 
electrically powered hand pallet truck the unit loads are 
quickly and easily placed inside the freight car according to 
an arrangement already devised. 

Loading the car, exclusive of bracing, takes a single truck 
operator approximately 45 minutes. The operating cost 
of the equipment is approximately the same as that of the 
hourly wage of the operator. The cost to the company of 
this phase of the carloading is, therefore, approximately the 
cost of 1!/. man-hours. 

The savings which begin to accrue in this operation make 
the advantages of palletization apparent. Loading the 
car by even the most efficient roller-conveyor method con- 
sumes between 20 and 30 man-hours. This considerable 
difference in time consumed is several times that required for 
making up unit loads. 

The additional advantages inherent in this system mount 
swiftly as the car is unloaded at the receiving activity in ap- 
proximately !/. man-hour as against 10 to 15 man-hours con- 


86 





MODERN PACKAGING 


uses standard 4 by 4 ft. pallet, plywood or metal bottom spacer 





and boards tapered to fit for top spacer. 







sumed before in the old fashioned roller conveyor method. 

Comparable savings are realized in warehousing and in 
any other movement preceding processing of the shell. 

Since live 40-mm. ammuntion is also readily palletized, 
savings in handling time again accrue in carloading, unload- 
ing marine terminal handling, shiploading, and unloading and 
handling at advance bases. While the cumulative savings 
in money, material, and man-hours inherent in the above ap- 
plication are scattered amongst several activities, savings in 
other applications frequently accrue to a single activity. 

Practically every package that is designed in the Labora- 
tory results in economies benefiting contractors and ulti- 
mately the taxpayer. New designs frequently involve unusual 
applications of ordinary commercial containers. 

For instance, an item which was previously packed in a 
heavy, expensive metal container has been repacked in a 
spiral-wound paper tube comparable to an ammunition 
canister, to which a metal-foil lining has been added. Such 
a container retains all the basic properties obtained in the 
metal container. The cost for each shipment of the item in- 
volved has been reduced by 84%. 

Savings obtained by the use of ten redesigned containers 
picked at random, for which the original shipping container 
gave satisfactory performance, average 43%. Savings ob- 
tained in corrected containers cannot, of course, ke satis: 
factorily computed. 

The greatest savings, however, are realized in those cases 
where it is possible to dispense with the container altogether 
and secure the items directly to the pallet by means of spac- 
ers, collapsible crates or comparable devices supplemented 
by patlet tops designed to suit the particular need. 

Handling of one size of projectile in this manner results in 
savings in lumber of 74.9%, in cost of material of 78.9% and 
man-hours of 90%. When completely applied at the present 
rate of production, this will be translated into annual savings 
of 13,000,000 bd. ft. of lumber, $2,000,000.00 and 300,000 
man-hours, respectively. 

Commercial Application: Of course, it is not to be antici- 
pated that the advantages of the extensive use made of this 
system by the Armed Forces could accrue to any single com- 
pany, because of the limits of the function that each company 
serves. However, many industries have discovered that 
partial application frequently provides sufficient advantages 
to justify installation. 


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15—When steel-strapped, shells are secured in units, making possible large savings. 


shows palletized shells placed for shipment. 


From a shipper’s point of view, palletization is usually con- 
sidered practical only where full carloads are concerned, and 
where the receiving activity has the equipment and other 
means for unloading the unit loads as shipped. Under such 
conditions, savings realized at the shipping activity also ac- 
crue to the buyer who gains comparably in unloading. 

Many situations will exist in which a shipping activity will 
find certain advantages in handling its product palletized 
from the end of the production line to the freight car, but 
because of either less-carload shipments or lack of equipment 
on the part of the receiving activity, it will not be practicable 
to bind the product and pallet into a unit load. 

For such situations a recent development appears to be the 
answer. A fork truck is supplied with a platform on which a 
number of containers are placed. This fork truck is run into 
the freight car and positioned where the containers are to be 
placed. The containers are then cleared from the platform 
by 11eans of a pushing device which is part of the fork truck. 
In this manner, some of the advantages of palletization are 
still retained by the shipper. 

The advantages of an activity’s receiving palletized prod- 
ucts are perhaps well illustrated in the case of the plans of an 
Ordnance contractor who is at the same time a distributor 
via retail outlets of household and automotive accessories. 
Without modifying any of the standard containers used for 
its greatest volume items this.company has evolved a pallet 
of such a size that it will accommodate these containers pro- 
viding definite unit load arrangements are followed. 

Any space taken up by the pallet in either the freight car or 
warehouse is more than compensated for by the speed of 
handling which results from its use. In the case of the 
freight car, which customarily spends over 30% of its time 
waiting to be loaded and unloaded, palletization can cut this 
time to a fraction, thus reducing demurrage costs and in- 
creasing the availability of cars. 

In warehousing the simplicity with which unit loads can 
be stowed to considerable heights makes the cubic displace- 
ment of the pallet a negligible factor as compared to the 
greater amount of floor space ordinarily consumed by low 
Stows from which containers must be handled singly. 

It is the plan of this company to supply shipping activities 
with pallets and instructions for unit load arrangement and 
shipping. Due to the use of their standardized pallet, it is not 
hecessary that a full carload of a single item be shipped. 





Shenk AAR OR 


16—Freight car loading 


Note 1°/s-in. boards in top spacer which distributes end-thrust. 


When received, the car is unloaded and the various items are 
stowed in space designated under a carefully devised system 
of space control. 

It is of interest to note that working with unit loads greatly 
simplifies the problems of inventory control. 

The next step is to maintain one or more unit loads of each 
item in position at a continuous belt on which are placed the 
items ordered by the individual stores and which are then 
run into the truck which makes deliveries. Emptied pallets 
are removed by a fork truck and the space again filled with 
a new unit load. 

This partial application of the full system of shipping, re- 
ceiving and warehousing applies very well to heavy items; it is 
not considered practical to palletize, for shipping purposes, 
light but bulky items. With such items however, the same 
company plans to palletize on the receiving platform and then 
warehouse and distribute the unit loads. 

In cases where the items or containers are not sufficiently 
strong to support ordinary stacking weights (and with 
proper packaging these cases should be few and far between), 
other methods of support can be obtained. Either simple 
collapsible crates can be placed around the items or the unit 
loads can be placed in sectional bins erected for this purpose. 

The company’s plans for new warehousing facilities will be 
based on several changed conditions brought about by 
palletization and mechanical handling. The need for wider 
aisles will be counterbalanced by higher stows. Handling 
will be greatly accelerated, and the bulk of the personnel pre- 
viously needed in the warehouses will be transferred profitablv 
to other activities. 

While the handling of accessories represents many ideal ap- 
plications of palletization and mechanical handling, many other 
lines of business can adopt the system even more profitably. 
For small metal parts or products of considerable weight, 
handling time can be greatly reduced by bulk shipment in 
bins or by packing the items in small unit boxes and dispens- 
ing with outside shipping containers in favor of bins or 
collapsible crates placed around the pallet. 

Where future handling or merchandising necessitates an 
outside shipping container, the numerous types available 
often can be interchanged or a single type modified in order 
to make it fit a pallet. 

One great advantage which is obtained in addition to the 
advantage inherent in multi- (Continued on page 154) 


DECEMBER °* 1944 87 





Packaging control. .. centralized in the merchandiser 


by W. Stern* 








ALL PHOTOS COURTESY SPIEGEL, INC. 


1—Eye-appeal is only one of the many packaging require- 
ments which Spiegel’s unusually thorough-going Pack- 
aging Methods Dept. keeps under close control. 2—Pack- 
aging specifications are illustrated with step-by-step 
photographs which are taken by Spiegel’s own staff. 





MODERN PACKAGING 


_ attention has been given to the organization 
and operation of departments or committees controlling 
packaging questions at the merchandise source. It has gener- 
ally been realized that the importance and complexity of these 
questions is such that in any large manufacturing concern it 
cannot be handled by one person but should rather be dele- 
gated to an adequately staffed department or a committee 
consisting of representatives of the manufacturer’s merchan- 
dising and operating departments. Such departments or com- 
mittees will, in frequent conferences, determine all details 
of the package intended for a new product, considering all 
requirements of material, construction, protective features, 
sales appeal and procurement. 

For two reasons, this solution to the search for the ideal 
package is quite inadequate from the standpoint of the 
large merchandising organization or distributor. First of 
all, packaging consciousness has penetrated into only a few 
of the thousands of manufacturing concerns in this country. 
Secondly, the packaging solutions presented by such concerns 
usually do not take into consideration any of the many 
special operating and merchandising requirements experi- 
enced in the distributor’s organization. 

Spiegel, Inc., one of this country’s larger mail-order com- 
panies with extensions into the retail specialty store field, 
realized the desirability of correcting this shortcoming many 
years ago. Meantime, as the number and quantity of handled 
merchandise grew from year to year, it became increasingly 
apparent that a centralized packaging responsibility would 
have to be created to combine the insufficient packaging 
efforts of thousands of merchandise sources into one effective 
unit. This one unit, the Packaging Methods Department, 
was organized to approach the packaging problems of all 
merchandising sources with one outstanding intention—that 
of creating the ideal package for Spiegel’s mail-order and 
retail store distribution functions. 

The new development of packaging consciousness by the 
distributor, and of centralizing merchandise-source packaging 
responsibilities in the distributor, was taken up in more or 
less clear-cut and vigorous form by most of the prominent 
mail-order organizations, chain stores and department 
stores; and certain units controlling the preparation of 
merchandise for distribution were created some years ago by 
some of the more outstanding merchandising organizations. 

We feel, however, that the story of the planning and func- 
tioning of our Packaging Methods Department is unique in 
that it represents the ultimate in centralized packaging re- 
sponsibility. No phase of packaging specification work has 
been left to another unit or departinent inside or outside 
of Spiegels, but every single detail is determined by one 
department. 

Packaging requirements for the delivery of merchandise to 
the mail-order house and chain-store organization differ 
widely from that of merchandise delivery to the retail store 
direct. Almost any retail store will be satisfied with bulk 
delivery adequately protecting the merchandise from damage 
in transit, and with an individual pack with sufficient sales 
appeal and display value. The question of individual pre- 





* Packaging Supervisor, Spiegel, Inc., Chicago. 


















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packing, for instance, is in many cases a minor one, and 
only a few retail stores or department stores have realized 
that proper specification of pre-packing is one of their more 
important responsibilities in the packaging field. 

The mail-order house, however, adds considerably to these 
basic requirements. The merchandise is received in large 
quantities—mostly considerably larger than any retail store 
Subsequently it will be broken up into single 
units which will have to pass through an intricate system of 
primary and secondary warehousing before being stacked in 
the actual operating-floor merchandise shelves and bins. 
Through this entire warehousing process correct identification 
with article number and other necessary designation of con- 
tents on the outside of the package is an urgent necessity. 
From the operating floors the single units pass, on receipt of 
the customer’s order, through a complex arrangement of 
mechanical conveyors, drop slides and chutes until they 
arrive, after a long and strenuous journey taxing their pro- 
tective individual packaging to the utmost, at the package 
assembly department which combines the various details of 
the customer’s order into one package. Here, after having 
passed through further inter-departmental handling, the pack- 
age is required to be ready for re-shipment to the customer 
with a minimum of additional packaging. If possible, it 
should be ready to be shipped out individually without any 
additional protection whatever. If any of the retail store 
outlets of a mail-order house order merchandise, the process 
is principally the same, although usually larger quantities of 
any one item are involved. 

In other words, where the average retail store order results 
in one trip only, from the source to the store, the mail-order 
house order results in three trips of the individual piece of 
merchandise—source to receiving unit of mail-order house, 
receiving unit through warehousing and processing and inter- 
departmental handling, and finally shipping floor to customer. 
This brief description of mail-order handling will make evident 
the many additional requirements, and will make apparent 
the necessity for a controlling force with the full responsibility 
of adapting the manufacturer’s package to the peculiarities 
and necessities of mail-order operating and merchandising. 

Among the requirements of mail-order merchandising, 
sales appeal is just as outstanding as in retail store handling. 
Additionally, however, a usually comprehensive trade name 
program is followed, and special packaging to unify the basic 
design pattern of entire merchandise lines bearing a single 
trade name is one of the principal necessities. In addition 
to this, it is desirable to tie up a packaging specification with 
the main features of an over-all informative labeling and 
tagging program which is, in many cases, one of the most 
important salesmen on the job after the mail order catalog or 
the retail store display has induced a purchase.! Spiegel, 
Inc., feels, as do many other merchandising organizations, that 
the selling has succeeded only half after the customer has 
ordered and received the merchandise. If the customer is 
proud of it, and congratulates himself on a splendid bargain 


after the merchandise is received, then indeed a sale has been 
made. 


shipment. 


As indicated above, the Packaging Methods Department at 
Spiegel has full responsibility for all integral parts of the 
package. The first requirement for the organization and 
operation of any such department is continuous stimulation 
of packaging consciousness within the organization, both in 
the merchandising and in the operating end. 

This stimulation can only issue from the leading company 


mee 


Che Aldens Family,’’ MopERN PackaGiInGc, November 1944, p. 110. 





3—Engineer notes results of Elmendorf tear test on con- 
tainer board. All materials are tested against specs. 
4—Employees are encouraged to note and report packaging 
deficiencies; supervisor follows report through, shows 


resulting correspondence to employee to keep up interest. 





DECEMBER °* 1944 








executives, and any packaging methods department can plan 
and introduce a comprehensive packaging program only if 
fully backed by the management. The packaging methods 
department should consider it its duty, however, to maintain Pt 
a high level of improvement in the entire organization. 















































We are inclined to believe that this can be achieved best ; 
by acquainting the entire executive and supervisory per- - 
sonnel, as well as the line employee, intimately with the de- p 
tails of the packaging program. Frequent lectures about the 
organization and planning of the Packaging Methods Depart- a 


ment have been tremendously helpful in introducing and ct 
maintaining interest in packaging in our organization. Fre- 
quently movies have been shown to demonstrate the impor 
tance of packaging in achieving smoothly functioning mer- sh 
chandising, and a special exhibition room with ample wall- 


display and shelf space, indirectly lighted and designed by a " 
good architect, will function as one of the main tools in th 
familiarizing the organization with details of the Packaging es 
Methods Department’s plans. cs 
This ‘‘Packaging Clinic’’ at Spiegel continuously features at 
exhibits of Spiegel’s and competitors’ merchandise under the pe 
focus of special points of interest such as: tr: 
How are we progressing in our trade name program? pa 
How are the competitors doing? pi 


Is our design in certain merchandise lines better, average ch 
or worse than the market? 





Is protective packaging adequate in certain lines? * 
What does our protection consist of? ful 
What do the competitors do in the same situation? m 
What do independent packaging experts or laboratories pa 
recommend? sit 
What does the Army or Navy recommend? pr 
Are there any new packaging materials we have neglected in fic 
our postwar thinking? What about transparent plastics, up 
for instance? 
How do the common carriers feel about our packaging? pa 
Examples? op 


To obtain and keep the keen interest of every company em- 


5—Haphazard stockroom piling of curtains is here con- 
trasted with 6—Neat pre-packing and labeling of curtains 
and bins under the present system. 7 and 8—In package 
assembly department, all items of a customer’s mail 
order are brought together and packaged thus for shipment. 











MODERN PACKAGING 









es 





ployee, we also have featured write-ups in the company’s 
little monthly booklet, which goes to every man or woman, 
whether on our payroll or fighting abroad. In addition to 
this, we have provided every employee with a report form 
enabling him or her to report any packaging inadequacies 
encountered while handling the package; for we feel that 
nobody knows better than the actual shipping clerk, or order 
packer, or stock man, what’s wrong with a pack. 

Not only does our department promptly follow up these 
inadequacies (after sufficient investigation) with the mer- 
chandise source, but it also lets the reporting employee 
in on all the details by providing him with copies of the 
correspondence. Nothing keeps up interest quite so well as 
showing a reporting employee what is being done about the 
inadequacies reported by him. 

The Packaging Methods Department is organized under 
the Packaging Supervisor, who is equipped with adequate 
executive standing to assure that all instructions issued are 
carried out in every detail, although in most cases compli- 
ance is achieved by recommendation rather than any im- 
perative instructions. His staff consists of a group of well- 
trained packaging engineers who have at their disposal a 
packaging laboratory, movie and camera equipment for 
pictorial evidence, and secretarial assistance as well as a 
clerical body taking care of all statistical and filing re- 
quirements. 

Secondly, a group of packaging designers working on a 
full-time basis and permanently connected with the depart- 
ment, keenly aware of the special requirements of the com- 
pany’s particular merchandising program, carry the respon- 
sibility for contemporary design of greatest simplicity, im- 
pressiveness and sales appeal, with a good feeling for uni- 
fication of design along entire merchandise lines, closely tied 
up with our general public relations policy. 

A Merchandise Information Co-ordinator, functioning 
partly as art director, has the responsibility of planning and 
operating a comprehensive informative tag and label program 





closely connected with the package design program. This 
co-ordinator is also in charge of the creation, production and 
purchasing of all labels, tags and other informative enclosures. 
Propagation of the Merchandise Information Program and 
active acceptance by the company’s merchandising organiza- 
tion to achieve smooth collaboration with the merchandising 
sources is another responsibility of this co-ordinator. 

An important function within the Packaging Methods 
Department is that of the Supply Controller, in charge of the 
specifications and purchasing of all packaging supplies— 
mostly for use at Spiegel but partly for use at Spiegel’s mer- 
chandise source. The Supply Controller keeps statistics and 
permanent inventory control to make possible determination 
of future purchase patterns. He is also charged with direct 
contact with packaging material sources and will in all cases 
follow up and check on all deliveries. AJl materials received 
are finally tested by the packaging engineers for full compli- 
ance to our specifications, both as to materials and con- 
struction. 

The Packaging Methods Department is also responsible 
for the determination of correct shipping weights, correct 
article numbering and correct operating handling classifica- 
tions. As the handling of merchandise which will in all cases 
be shipped alone is vastly different from that of an item usu- 
ally shipped in assembly with other items, this is an import- 
antidetail, charged to a Weight and Prefix Co-ordinator with 
special messenger service connecting him with the various 
operating and merchandising departments involved in mer- 
chandise selection and catalog production. 

The Packaging Methods Department, in a concerted effort, 
scrutinizes in comprehensive surveys the packaging of all 
merchandise stocked, and of all merchandise to be pur- 
chased; and its recommendations for packaging improve- 
ments are attached to the purchasing contract in the latter 
case. All specifications are written so as to take into con- 
sideration the particular conditions under which a mer- 
chandise source produces—in (Continued on page 166) 


PACKAGING METHODS DEPARTMENT 
ORGANIZATION CHART 


PACKAGING 
SUPERVISOR 


MERCHANDISE, 
INFORMATION 
COORDINATOR 


SUPPLY 
CONTROL 


STAFF OF 
yee Nelle 
ENGINEERS 


CHIEF ant 
PACKAGING 
AMEN a 


WEIGHT AND 
PREFIX 


porate COORDINATOR 


STAFF OF 
Ne. @Xe): 
DESIGNERS 


DECEMBER °* 1944 









MODERN PACKAGING 





Story alhums 
Gala new four-color decorations done by a group of artists, som- 
of whom are well-known illustrators of children’s books, add sales 
appeal to both the inside and outside of RCA Victor’s newl; 
dressed story albums. Meant essentially for the Christmas ani‘ 
gift-giving trade, these albums are re-issues of the children’s fa- 
vorites and are a furtherance of the successful album packaging 
project for which RCA received an award in the Twelfth All- 
America Package competition. 

Victor has adopted a design which will keep these sellers in a 
moderate price group of gifts because experts in the sales of 
children’s merchandise have found that sales move much faster 
in this field at prices around $1 than in the higher brackets. 

The gaily packaged children’s group is divided into three cat- 
egories. There is the story album for ‘6 and Under,’ which 
includes nursery favorites and Walt Disney’s ‘‘Three Little Pigs,” 
with Disney’s own figures to illustrate excerpts from the sound 
track of the picture. The next category runs ‘‘Up to 12” and 
includes separately packaged discs of ‘‘Singing Games,”’ a pop- 
ular old German fairy story, ‘‘Rumpelstiltskin,’’ and the appeal- 
ingly decorated ‘‘Songs of the Zoo.”’ 

In response to many requests from pyzzled parents who want 
to help their children become interested in good classical music, 
Victor has created the “‘12 and Over’”’ category. Selections in 
this group include Strauss’s ever-popular ‘‘Blue Danube’ and 
other old-time favorites as recorded by Leopold Stokowski and 
the Philadelphia Orchestra and Boston ‘Pops.’ The texts 
explain the music without condescending to the child’s intelli- 
gence; the illustrations are the handsomest of the lot and, al- 
though designed primarily for youngsters, it is expected that 
adults will nibble also. 


DESIGN 
Model bon Jor model planes 


Sixteen individual package designs have recently been completed 
for the Hobby Model Mfg. Co., makers of airplane models. 
The new designs were planned to fit into four different price 
groups with each package showing an actual reproduction of the 
scaled model of the combat planes now being used in the armed 
forces, together with a background of their scene of operation. 
All are in color. 

Before attempting to create the package designs for these 
models the designer not only discussed the subject of model air- 
planes with youngsters but made a thorough study of the product 
at the point of sale—over the counter. Observing planes as they 
flew over La Guardia Field also helped to give the reproductions 
and background a realistic appearance. 

The simple folding cartons contain the scaled models of the 
Waco Glider, Martin Marauder, Apache P-51, Piper Cub, Grum- 
man Hellcat and the Schweizer Glider. Also the Mitchell B-25, 
Thunderbolt P-47, Corsair, Aeronca Glider, Mustang, Dauntless, 
Spitfire and the Warhawk each have their own package. 

The designer chosen to do the packages was one already fa- 
miliar with this type of merchandising. In 1940 he was awarded 
a prize for the Lockheed Lode-Star package at the National Toy 
Convention and the identical package won a second prize in a 
packaging contest for toys sold by the ‘“‘Five and Ten.” 

Never attempting the bizarre, the designer tried to keep the 
new packages to the taste of the average child. That he suc- 
ceeded, company officials claim, is attested by the increased 
popularity and the steadily increasing sales of their products in 
the juvenile field. 


Credit: Designer, Alan Berni, New York City. 


SPOR, Sore 


A RPA ak a 


























































Sil 


th 
fla 


an 
te 
lat 


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ese 
ir- 
uct 
1ey 
ons 











Matenrial-sauving carri 

- CViuer 
An unusual package intended for grocery and liquor store use 
is this 6-bottle, one-piece fibreboard carrier illustrated for John 
Wieland beer. The carrier can be used over and over again with 
either full or empty bottles. The main purpose of the design is 
to conserve wrapping materials and cartons plus added safety, 
speed, convenience and economy. 

[The photograph shows six bottles actually being carried. The 
basic principle of the carrier is the cinch-lock—an expansion of 
two separate members in opposite direction to tighten the grip 
on the bottles as the weight or pull increases. It is claimed that 
four of these carriers affixed at the bottling plant will take care 
of an entire case of 24 bottles and will furnish additional pro- 
tection against breakage. This permits the use of less expensive 
delivery cases and requires less material, be it fibreboard, wood 
or metal. Each bottle carrier has ample space for trademark or 
advertising copy and presents an opportunity to bottlers for 
product identification. 

The process of affixing the carriers over the bottles is a very 
simple operation. The devise is just slipped over the neck 
of the bottles—a simple upward pull by the handle lifts and locks 
the bottles securely. In addition, the carriers can be shipped 
flat either with the merchandise or separately. 

Small quantities of these carriers are being produced now from 
reclaimed materials for test purposes. Until such time as the 
anticipated saving of packaging materials is proved and the ma- 
terials needed for production are made available by WPB, no 
large commercial orders can be filled, but large usage of these 
carriers is anticipated after the war. 


Credit: Carrier, Velvatone Poster Co., San Francisco, Calif. 


HISTORIES 
Stachable progen food pack 


Anew type box for institutional-size frozen food packs was 
introduced about a year ago in the Pacific Northwest, and is 
being used by such packers as Cedergreen Frozen Pack, Gresham 
Berry Growers, Hudson-Duncan Co., Kelley Farquhar & Co., 
Pacific Fruit and Produce Co., etc. The new container, a prod- 
uct of study and development, has unusual stacking strength, 
is convenient to handle and simple in construction. 

It is a two-piece telescope box made of B flute, corrugated 
fibreboard, and for the 30-Ib. bulk shipments it has the measure- 
ment of 20 in. by 10 in. with an inside depth of 4!/, in. Each 
part is made from a single strip of 200-lb. kraft board with a 
special patented fold. The ends of both folded interlocked pieces 
require no stitching, tape, glue or seals in assembling. This 
patented fold also allows the box to have free ventilation when 
stacked. 





Preliminary to packing, the cartons are equipped with cello- 
phane liners which have been shaped over a mandril or form to 
fit snugly into the corners. They project about 8 in. above the 
bottom section and are heat sealed after filling. 

It is said that this particular size and shape lends itself to quick 

and effective machine filling and to the rapid freezing of its con- 
tents because normal freezing penetration is not more than 2 to 
2'/, in. in depth. Both natural freezing and tunnel methods 
have been used with equal success with this package. 
The shape and special construction of this new quick-frozen 
ood package lend themselves to easier piling. In fact, cases 
have been stacked as high as the warehouse allows without any 
damage to the carton. 


Credit: Carton,Western Container Co., Seattle, Wash. 





a ah 


‘ 


nS SSaed 


~RS_Y 





DECEMBER ®* 1944 

















1—Reproduced from the original drawing for Snider Royal Anne Cherries label, this illustration 


shows the Snider Folks created by Gus Tenggren, one of Disney’s art directors for “Snow White”. 


isual selling via the Snider Folks 





merica takes the trade characters of American industry 

to its heart. Since the turn of the century, the Na- 
tional Biscuit boy in his yellow slicker has been as familiar to 
young America as Tom Sawyer. And who does not know the 
little fox terrier, listening to his master’s voice over Victor 
phonographs? Elsie, the Borden Cow, is as jealous of ‘“‘her 
dear public’ as a movie star. Reddy Kilowatt is the glamour 
boy of the electrical industry. 

Such characters can say things about a product more per- 
suasively than a company president. They can get a selling 
message across faster and make it last longer. 

Lucky, indeed, is the manufacturer of consumer products 
who can create a character or family of characters for his 
packages that catches the public fancy. If he can, half of his 
advertising and merchandising problems are solved. 

Successful newcomers among trade characters are the 
“Snider Folks’—Grandpa, Grandma, Chef, Farmer Snider, 
Old Salt Snider, Sister Sue and Little Pup. In a year they 
have walked right from the advertising pages onto the package 
labels themselves. 

When The Snider Packaging Corp. of Rochester, N. Y., 
joined forces with the Frosted Foods Sales Corp. in 1943, 
the newly organized Birds Eye-Snider, Inc., wanted some way 
to express to consumers and the trade, the distinctive per- 
sonality of the company in future advertising and merchandis- 
ing in keeping with the reputation Snider’s had built up for 
quality foods over a period of many years. 

Through their new advertising agency, Benton & Bowles, 
Inc., they developed an advertising campaign in color for 


94 MODERN PACKAGING 


Life Magazine in which the Snider Folks were introduced for 
the first time. 

These homey folks were drawn by Gustav Tenggren, 
Swedish-born American artist, one of the art directors of the 
beloved film, “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,” and 
illustrator of many children’s books. 

Under a title, ‘“The Legend of the Super Tomato, or why 
city folks like our country style catsup,” the copy for one of 
the advertisements showed how the little figures could tell 
their story of the “‘chome-made’”’ goodness of Snider products. 
Copy read as follows: 

‘People are always asking us Snider Folks how we get that 
down-on-the-farm flavor in Snider’s Catsup. Well—let’s go 
right out in the tomato patch with Farmer Snider and find out. 

“See that big beautiful tomato? The reason it’s as big and 
beautiful is because Grandma Snider’s always been pet- 
snikety about what goes in her catsup kettle. And so.. 


years ago .. . Farmer Snider set out to grow extra special 
tomatoes. 

“He even started some green houses . . . petted ‘em and 
pampered ’em... picked and chose ’em . . . until one day, we 


all said, “That’s it! 
kettle’ ...” 

At Eastertime, Grandma Snider told ‘“‘“How Easter eggs 
lead a double life” by pepping them up for a day-after meal 
with Snider’s Old Fashioned Chili Sauce. Again at Hal- 
lowe’en Grandma’s Catsup became ‘“‘the life of the party” 
for dressin’ up the hot dogs and hamburgers. During the past 
summer, advertisements appealing for crop pickers to do 


That’s the tomato for our catsup 


















































hat 
; go 
out. 
and 
per- 


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and 
, we 
tsup 


eggs 
neal 
Hal- 
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past 
) do 





their part in the war effort appeared above the Snider Folks 
signature. 

So strongly did the Snider Folks project their personalities 
that it was not long before they found their way onto the 
recently redesigned labels for Snider’s Chili Sauce, Snider’s 
Cocktail Sauce and the company’s entire line of canned and 
glassed vegetables and fruits. 

For the package designs, each one of the same little figures 
which tie up with all the company advertising and promotion, 
typify some phase of the product packed or a part of the 
packing process. 

On the Chili Sauce label is the new version of Grandma 
putting up chili sauce while Grandpa looks happily on. At 
the right is now plenty of copy space for informative data 
about the product. 

Old Salt Snider has taken his place on the Cocktail Sauce 
label, adding a sea-going note to a sauce for use with seafood. 

On the canned tomato packages, Grandma is using a meas- 
uring tape to show the size of the tomatoes used. Again 
Grandma appears on the package of canned peas, polishing 
off a giant one, while the other characters are busy at other 
symbolic tasks. 

With such a promotion for package and advertising, the 
Snider Folks are taking their place in the trade-character hall 
of fame. 


Credit: Label designs, Frank Gianninoto, New York. Printing, 
Rossottt Lithographing Co., North Bergen, N. J. 


In a year, the new Snider family of trade characters has 
walked right out of the magazine advertisements onto 
all the Snider package labels. 2—The new labels for 
the company’s line of condiments. 3—On each label 
the little characters ‘typify some phase of the product 
packaged. Photo shows how they have been adapted for 
canned and glassed vegetables and fruits. 4—Old labels, 


top, with their redesigned counterparts shown below. 


4 


USE WITH LOBSTERS, areet =") PS, OYSTERS. CLAMS, FISH, STEAKS AND c 


14 QUNCES 


A VINEGAR. CLEAN 
PAROSSE 


Snider's 


¢ cocktail st 


ri 5 Od Salt Snider 


ke 


VITA-FRESH 


¥ 4 Cyutcicrl § 
A rs . 
SPRUCE, 








—— ee 
UPB Sata | 


CHILI SAUCE Sa 








SRT WEIGH OE, Seles Cd Pechdewed Vine Frush Chali Sones seetnies srs 
‘telly selected tewwatens. witboes separ. poppet. celery cteeper cab and opens, 


DECEMBER °* 1944 


bee 


Pee i 
Seg) 


VITA DRESM 


Chili Sauce 
rw 
Mp 


C8! 16-g2 


— sips 














Miscellaneous collection of 
liquor bottles showing various 
types of defects, such as 


rockers, bulge, protruding 
seams, variations in trueness, 
visual imperfections, etc. 
Close cooperation for quality 


control between user and 


supplier improves quality 
of glass and cuts down 
wasteful production costs. 


Bottle Specs . . . how Seagram works with its suppliers 





ood packaging practice has as one of its basic principles 

close cooperation and consultation with suppliers of 

packaging materials. A further principle, particularly im- 

portant to those conducting large packaging operations and 

buying materials from a number of different suppliers, is uni- 

formity of quality and performance, so that materials will 
operate interchangeably without machinery adjustments. 

The armed services, currently conducting the biggest pack- 
aging operations the world has ever known, have established 
an outstanding example of rigid specification and close control 
of materials, from the producer through to the finished pack- 
age. Many firms are‘finding it pays to emulate the Army. 

A conference held recently by Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, 
Inc., in Louisville provides an interesting example of coopera- 
tion and control. It will be described here in considerable de- 
tail for other large-volume packagers. 

Purpose of the meeting was to lay the groundwork for 
agreements on bottle specifications. Present were technical 
advisers, production executives and sales representatives of 
seven glass companies, together with representatives of the 
Seagram company. 

Subject for the discussion was Seagram's Standard Specifi- 
cation for Victory gin and whiskey bottles. Revised August 
18, these specifications include every anticipated quality 
Seagram expects of the glassware it purchases. As a result of 
agreements at the meeting, the specs have since been further 
revised and improved, according to the company. 

These specifications are based on extensive packaging re- 
search and quality control in the company’s own laboratories 
to determine the most efficient packaging supplies. Under 
physical requirements they include dimensions, capacity, 
concavity, bulge, waviness, symmetry, bearing surface, 
smoothness of seams, purity of glass and neck finish. The 


96 MODERN PACKAGING 





eight-page specifications also outline the chemical tests the 
bottles must pass, methods of sampling, inspecting and test- 
ing, requirements with regard to color, how the glass is to be 
packed and marked for shipment to the user, and the speci- 
fied tolerance in excess of the limit of acceptability that may 
be rejected by the quality inspector. 

The meeting was opened by P. J. Martersteck, Seagram’s 
director of purchasing. He introduced J. A. Prochaska, 
general manager, who stated the objective of the meeting to 
find ways and means of improving the quality of glassware. 

E. C. Ziegler of Seagram’s Research Department outlined 
the company’s method of packaging inspection and told how 
the packaging laboratory, which, incidentally, is one of the 
most extensive in the distilling industry, operated on the 
principle that everything that exists is measurable. Decisions 
heretofore left to chance are now determined by a consumer 
testing program. Such factors as location of the cellulose seal- 
ing band, size and shape of bottle and label, design of caps, 
taste and color of whiskey are selected according to consumer 
preference made in cooperation with business and social 
organizations and trained observers. 

Tests made at Louisville, he stated, are checked with those 
made in a mobile laboratory in Baltimore. After standards 
are selected, the Packaging Control Laboratory controls the 
bottling of all products within the limits set up by the Pack- 
aging Research Department. Trained observers on each 
bottling line and the bottles being packaged on each line are 
rated on the general appearance of the package, clarity of the 
whiskey and the following points in comparison with the spect- 
fied controls: shape of each bottle, position and appearance 
of labels, position and appearance of state and federal stamps, 
neck ribbons and fill height. (See MopeRN PACKAGING, 
Psychometric Testing, H. P. Willkie, January 1942, p. 85.) 


























con 


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ay 


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ied 
OW 
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85.) 











A. Berg, in charge of Finished Goods operations for Sea- 
sram’s, told of the effect of the company’s Quality Control on 
bottling operations efficiency. 

‘When our present rigid controls were instituted, bottling 
efficiency dropped sharply,” he said. ‘“‘Immediately there was 
a slow but steady climb so that now our bottling plants are 
operating on higher efficiencies than ever before. The con- 
clusion was drawn that our strict quality controls had a 
psychological effect on the personnel on the bottling lines as 
well as on the supervisory staff. 

‘These controls have made it mandatory for the bottling 
superintendent and the plant manager to be keenly interested 
at all times in the quality of goods being received from outside 
suppliers. This is particularly true, inasmuch as 1% efficiency 
amounts to $2,500 per month in lost labor cost per plant.”’ 

H. F. Shay, in charge of Standard Specifications, took over 
the meeting and the Seagram Standard Specification No. 45, 
sixth revision, was read and discussed point by point. Be- 
cause of its interest to all users of packaging materials, this 
discussion between the vender and Seagram as reported in the 
proceedings of the meeting is included here: 

Vender: There should be no minimum weight clause in the 
specification. Why don’t you use the GCA print 
No. 1? Minimum weight is important to the 
manufacturer but not to Seagrams. We are try- 
ing to make a bottle lighter and just as strong. 
Why don’t you run a test on lighter-weight bottles 
and show us the results? We think there is some 
relation between weight and strength of the bottle. 
We do not believe weight has anything to do with 
the strength of the bottle. We should like to ex- 
periment with lighter weight bottles but your rigid 
specifications do not give us a chance to. Your 
specification hinders our progress along this line. 
We are interested in light-weight bottles, too, but 
while they are in the experimental stage who will 
take the rap for unsatisfactory bottles? 

You know we want to make a satisfactory bottle. 
Will you make a light-weight bottle that is as 
strong or stronger than the heavier bottles and 
guarantee it? 

No definite answer. 


Seagram: 


Vender: 


Seagram: 


Vender: 
Seagram: 


Vender: 
Seagram: We must have some basis on which to change our 
specification. If you will make a light-weight 
bottle that is strong and can prove it to us we will 
be willing to try it. 

It is a violation of the WPB to accept minimum 
weight specifications as it hinders progress, but we 
do not say we will refuse to work with a minimum 
weight specification. How did you arrive at the 
minimum weight figure? 

By taking data from previous shipments. If you 
will submit to us bottles that you have developed, 
we will run them experimentally and make a re- 
port to you. That is the only way to get a speci- 
fication altered. 

Good suggestion. 


Vender: 


Seagram: 


Vender: 


Vender: At which point between minimum and maximum 


weight limits do you wish us to operate? 
Anywhere, we don’t care. 
point is the best for us. 

We believe you are doing something you don’t 
intend to do; namely, that you are telling us at 
what weight to make our molds. 

No, we don’t intend to do that. 


Seagram: 


Vender: 


Seagram: 


Of course the mean 


Vender: No molds will remain constant throughout the 
mold run. We don’t think you give us a wide 
enough tolerance. In this day it is silly to make 
very heavy bottles. 
Seagram: Will you take back bottles that are not satisfactory 
to us if you make a light-weight bottle? You tell 
us what weight is best and furnish data to prove it 
and we will consider changing our specification. 
If you can get results why do you need a specifica- 
tion? We do not want to make bottles that will 
come back to us. 
We want reliable data. We must have a specifica- 
tion in order to indicate to our suppliers and to our 
quality inspectors what we must have in order to 
run our bottling lines at the proper speeds. At the 
present time our specifications do not contain any 
restrictions on the suppliers which are not neces- 
sary for good bottling operations in our plants, 
We will make you a bottle. If you do not like it, 
tell us what you do not like about it and we will 
concentrate on those points, one at a time. You 
tell us what you want the bottle to do for you. We 
will try our best to produce what you want. What 
is wrong with GCA? 

Seagram: No answer. 

Seagram: We see no reason for a minimum-weight specifica- 
tion if the companies will give us a satisfactory 
bottle. Minimum-weight specification will be re- 
moved until research has been done. 

Seagram: The A.T.U. requires that each bottle have a cer- 
tain amount of whiskey in each bottle. There 
should be no whiskey left over in the tank nor 
should there be more than a certain number of 
ounces in each bottle. If 10% of our bottles have 
over average capacity, we can lose $25,000 during 
a month. Mr. Smith told us that as much as 
$90,000 a month on whiskey losses are probably 
due to over-capacity of bottles. Two and a half 
cents is lost on each bottle that is °/32 oz. over. 

Seagram: We will agree to widen our tolerances on capacity 
provided you hold the capacity of any one carload 
to 2/3. of an ounce. The variation between indi- 
vidual carloads will be permitted to vary as much 
as 16/3 of an ounce. 


Vender: 


Seagram: 


Vender: 


Vender: This is impractical because when we start storing 
bottles in our warehouses, this will necessitate 
segregating the bottles from each machine and by 
daily production. 

Seagram: We are not familiar enough with your warehousing 


problems to debate but if you say it cannot be done, 
we will not, of course, insist on this point. We 
merely offer this suggestion in order to give you 
some relief. 
Agreement on concavity was reached with no discussion. 
Vender: We suggest that the tolerance for bulge be 0.023 
in. (point between !/3 and 1/64). 
This will have to be investigated by our production 
people. What per cent of your production is re- 
jected at your plant because of our specification on 
bulge? 
No answer. 
One vender volunteered to make research on this 
and will answer within 30 days. Until then 0.023 
will be accepted. 
We do not know enough (Continued on page 156) 


Seagram: 


Vender: 


Seagram: 


DECEMBER °* 1944 97 














































| This newly designed carton for Spearmint Leaves adopted j CE 
by the Metro Chocolate Co., Brooklyn, has increased the | tl 
number of colors used from two to four for added taste-appeal | T 
and greater accuracy in its illustration of contents. The package } di 
now has a more modern and sparkling conception which is said |7 C 
to emphasize the aroma of the candies. The illustration shows | 
new box, right. Carton, Robert Gair Co., Inc., New York. : ‘ 
b ( 
y4 Bernadine de Tuvache, creator of what she claims has been [) P* 
called ‘‘the most special and most expensive perfumes in the w 
world,”’ packages her exotic Sumatra in a crystal bottle the face m 
of which is covered with a soft, red suede with the name of the ce 
perfume and Tuvache in gold lettering. The case shown is a G 


box covered with natural-color basket weave material with an 
unusual leather thong and sealed against tampering with wax. 
Recently Miss Tuvache changed the tie to raffia. Box, Ferdi- 
nand Buedingen Co., Inc., Rochester, N. Y. al 


cl 


Ce | 


¢) The redesigned labels and improved caps of these cocktail a 
3 cheese spread glasses follow the policy of the Borden Cheese ” 
Co. of planning for postwar changes in retail store selling. The 
new labels employ color combinations based on a recent survey of \ 
color preference among a representative group of men and women. 
(MODERN PACKAGING, p. 112, October 1944.) The use of the new ps 
Borden logotype, recently introduced on the redesigned half- m 
pound packages of processed cheeses, is to increase visibility. be 
Design, Frank Gianninoto, New York. ev 
di 
ar 
Worthington, Fifth Ave., which also makes cases for optical st: 
products, has devised this ‘‘pocket-edition” shave kit which, re) 
when folded, measures 21/2. by 3!/2 in. The case is made of pig- gr 
skin according to a patented, stitchless design. It contains 10 
Personna blades, a razor and a 20-gauge steel mirror. ! 
A transparent cellulose acetate film is used to package the W 
) vital rubber tubing which permits the life-giving blood ur 
plasma to flow into the wounded soldier on the battle field. This im 
same tubing draws the blood from the veins of civilians and be- or 








MODERN PACKAGING 






Fagen 









































ed |§ cause of the tremendous importance of the job that it is doing, 
he if this tubing must be kept absolutely free from contamination. 
eal || The tightly drawn film over the carton protects the rubber from 
ge | dust and dirt from the moment it leaves the manufacturer. 
14id | Cellulose acetate film, Celanese Plastics Corp., New York. 
ws 
h Here is an emergency equipment bag for the shipwrecked 
f sailor which encloses all the basic survival devices in a com- 
en pact zipper bag. It is made of a strong fabric thoroughly coated 
‘he with a vinyl resin which insures its resistance to water, sun, 
ace mildew and wear. Lashed to a lift raft, or carried in a plane, its 
the contents are kept moistureproof until they are needed. Bag, 
sa Goodyear Rubber Sundries, Inc., New Haven, Conn. 
an 
_ ( A cellophane-wrapped, heat-sealed 2-lb. oblong loaf of Sara 
di- Lee’s fruit cake is packaged in a set-up box striped in pink 
and white to give the old colonial effect which is part of the mer- 
chandising plan of these cakes. The Colonial dame and the 
ail overprinting is done in blue, making the whole a delicate color 
ile combination. Box, Acme Paper Box Co., Chicago. 
“he 
r of \ Six colors are used in this newly designed label for Calvert’s 
en. Lord Calvert whiskey. According to executives of the com- 
ew pany the new label is intended to represent a refinement and 
alf- modernization of the basic elements of the old label and reflect 
ity. better the high-quality appeal of the product. In addition, since 
every bottle of Lord Calvert is registered and numbered at the 
distillery, a special medallion has been designed for this number 
. and will be placed separately on each bottle instead of being 
ical stamped on a seal provided on the old label. Label design, 
ch, Clarence Hornung, New York. Lithography, Gamse Litho- 
eA graphing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md. 
l Twenty-three karat gold, baked at 1100 deg. F., decorates 
these ceramic containers for King’s Men Toiletries for 
the Windsor House Ltd. The line was planned to appeal to the lux- 
ood ury trade and, therefore, is styled to give a definite ‘“‘Saville Row’”’ 
‘his impression. Lotion, cologne and shaving soap are sold separately 
be- orin sets. Container, Ceramic Decorators, Los Angeles. 
5 











DECEMBER °* 1944 





Desiccant for bottle caps.....« Method Il pac 


by Dr. A. H. Warth* 











PACKAGING 


he Armed Services have learned how to pack airplane 

motors, generators, starters, delicate aircraft instruments, 
navigation instruments, chronometers, optical parts, surgical 
instruments and many other items in moistureproof barriers 
using a suitable desiccant, such as silica gel. We have 
learned from this Ordnance Department ‘‘Method II”’ much 
of value for postwar packaging. 

A new export package devised by the Crown Cork & Seal 
Co. for shipment of composition cork crowns is believed to be 
the first adaptation of Method II to a non-military item. 

Carbonated beverages give comfort and relaxation to the 
men in the services. There have been established by the 
Armed Services many mobile bottling units, fully equipped, 
that move as the battlefront moves. These bottling units 
consume great quantities of bottle caps or crown corks. The 
transportation of bottle caps overseas and their storage in 
warm humid climates have brought up problems of protective 
packaging that would probably not otherwise be encountered. 

Composition cork crowns are ordinarily packed in wooden 
cases with duplex asphalt laminated kraft liners, which are 
substantially waterproof, verminproof, etc., but not water- 
vaporproof. Warmth alone in overseas shipments can cause 
mold to develop and metal to rust provided the package was 
closed on a fairly humid day. In fact the humidity would not 
need to be much over 60%, and such days are not uncom- 
mon. 

When bottle caps are subjected to a prolonged period of 
warmth and dampness, they are apt to rust and mildew. 
Crown corks made of plain untinned steel plate, or even of 
bonderite plate, will not only rust but become severely cor- 
roded unless precautions are taken to exclude moisture from 
the package. Crown corks made of tinplate can rust too, 
although not so readily as those produced from untinned 
metals. Prior to the war, wooden packing cases when used 
for export were lined with kraft and tin foil. These liners 
would, to a great extent, prevent atmospheric moisture from 
penetrating the cases, although such liners would not condi- 
tion the contents of the cases. The shortage of tin and pro- 
hibition of the use of tin foil for the purpose resulted in the 
discontinuance of this form of export package. 

In 1939 an intensive study was undertaken to determine 
the exact conditon under which crowns would rust and mold. 
Consideration was given to a desiccant which might be added 
to the crown packages that would keep down the humidity 
inside the package and adsorb any atmospheric moisture that 
might enter the package through air change. It appeared 
that some form of silica gel would be the logical adsorbent. 

This study, covering a period of many months, was under- 
taken with the co-operation of the Chemical Research Staff 





* Chemical Director, Crown Cork & Seal Co., Baltimore, Md. 


1—-Export case for crown caps has liner of duplex asphalt- 
kraft. In 100-gross pack, one 2-oz. bag of silica gel is 
dropped in at 25-gross count, another at 50 and third 
at 75. 2—Crowns are counted automatically as they 
pass from conveyor belt and through chutes into packing 
cases. 3—Liner is sealed and top of case nailed on. 

















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The first packing cases for experimental purposes were of 
miniature construction, 3 in. by 6 in. by 8 in., and made of 
California redwood. It had been found that pine and other 
woods tend to mildew when subjected to severe atmospheric 
conditions. Miniature liners of tin-faced paper were made 
for these redwood cases; the liner flaps folded and taped, and 
the boxes nailed tightly. In some of the twenty-two pack- 
ages miniature bags of silica gel were placed, and in others no 
desiccant was used. The boxes were then placed in a humid- 
ity cabinet that provided means of regulating accurately 
the temperature and relative humidity in its interior to any 
point desired. 

In general the incubation time was placed at 14 days, al- 
though this time was considerably extended in later experi- 
When the boxes were opened the crowns without silica 
gel were found in a deplorable condition, whereas those with 
the silica gel remained in perfect condition. This first experi- 
ment spelled success with silica gel as a dehydrating agent to 
eliminate mildew and rust. 

At the conclusion of these early experiments the type of 
silica gel and its quantity per package still required further 
consideration. It would be a serious matter to dehydrate 
composition cork to an extent that it would lose some of its 
moisture and thereby its pressure sealing efficiency. It was 
necessary to test all crowns before and after such changes as 
were made in packaging, and also try out the new scheme of 
packaging in production. 

The size of the silica gel bags and their distribution in the 
package was eventually determined, and an experimental 
shipment of crowns to Havana, Cuba, was made early this 
year. Although silica gel is said to be capable of keeping 
the humidity of a package below 30%, as it is now used, in 
crown corks residual humidity is not quite that low. It was 
also necessary to use a duplex asphalt-kraft box liner as a sub- 
stitute for the metal-foil kraft box liner formerly used. 

Experiments made in the constant humidity chamber under 
conditions of 97 deg. F. temperature and 90% relative humid- 
ity had indicated that silica gel placed in a package in the 
correct amount would prove efficacious as a protective against 
rust and mildew over a period of four weeks, or longer. 

To explain the principle of protection we might cite an 
example. Should a package of crowns be packed at 90 
deg. F. together with air having a relative humidity of 20%, 
for the time being the crowns would be safe. But, if the 


ments. 


sealed package cooled down to 60 deg. F. the moisture in the 
package would be the same, but the relative humidity would 
be 50%—tending to be unsafe. If the package cooled down 
to 40 deg. F., the relative humidity would pass 100% and there 
would be actual condensation. This in itself might cause rust, 
and on arrival of the crowns in a warm climate with a humid- 
ity of 100% the goods would rust, mildew and mold. 

With silica gel in the package, provided the package itself is 
reasonably moistureproof the humidity is controlled down- 
wards, and therefore the goods are protected from damage. 

The porous structure of silica gel gives the material its 
power to absorb or drink in condensed vapors, its pores being 
so infinitely small that they cannot be observed by known 
optical means. 

In packaging crowns for export, the quantity of silica gel 
used involves two 2-0z. bags in each 50-gross box of crowns, 
and three 2-oz. bags in each 100-gross package. The bags 
are of jean cloth with long draw strings. The bags must be 
properly distributed through the package. For example: 
In packing a 100-gross case, when the crown counter dial 
indicates 25 gross, a bag is dropped in the package; at 50 gross 
another, and at 75 gross still another. 

Can the bags be re-used? Yes. Todoso, it would be neces- 
sary to open them, pour the contents in a pan, place the pan in 
an air-circulating oven at a temperature of 300 to 400 deg. F., 
and when reactivated the granules would be placed in a tight 
container, allowed to cool to 175 deg. F., and the bags refilled 
with the warm material. Following this, the bags would be 
placed in an airtight container such as a friction lid can, and 
thus stored when not in service. However, it is not likely, 
because of the low cost of silica gel, that such reconditioning 
would be economical. 

The first large commercial shipment of crowns packed by 
this special method was recently made to Balboa, in the Canal 
Zone. Still larger shipments of protectively packaged ex- 
port crowns are being made to both the Atlantic and Pacific 
debarkation areas. 

The packaging of various commodities in metal barriers 
with a desiccant such as silica gel is being given careful con- 
sideration for postwar shipments. These metal barriers will 
be largely in the nature of adequate-size metal containers 
lithographed suitably for the purpose. 


Credit: Silica gel, Protek-Sorb, Davison Chemical Corp. Balti- 
more, Md. 


4—At Davison Chemical Corp., bags of silica gel are filled from hopper, check-weighed and sewn shut. 
Humidity of packaging room is kept below 20%. 





5—Larger bags are stapled and shipped in tight metal cans. 


5 PHOTOS 4 AND 5 COURTESY DAVISON CHEMICAL CORP. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 

















ift packaging at Neiman-Marcus of Dallas, Tex., is a 
ritual. War or peace, booms or depressions, it con- 
tinues as a definite part of store operations. 

When the material shortage threatened at the beginning 
of the war, J. B. Aiello, superintendent, said, ‘‘We’ll gift 
package, even if we have to use newspapers,’”’ and his boast 
was made good by the creation of a colored newspaper 
package wrapped by Beverly Morgan, Neiman-Marcus’ 
imaginative gift-wrap designer. 

This persistence in extensive gift wrapping is unique, be- 
cause it is contrary to general department store practice. 
Most stores have never been able to make gift wrapping pay, 
even when writing off a large part of it to good will and pro- 
motion. Consequently, the majority has reduced gift 
wrapping services to the simplest forms and to the shortest 
seasonal operations. 

But not Neiman-Marcus. Started during the Thirties with 
a small stock of decorative papers, cellophane, foils and 
ribbons, this company’s gift wrapping service has grown from 
a mere holiday fancy to a year-round activity with an oper- 
ating staff which at peak times has run as high as 90 people. 


(Page 102 


Obviously, this company must know the formula for making 
gift wrapping profitable. 

In prewar days, this department did a land-office business 
out in the wide open Texas spaces where people do things 
in the grand manner. 

Once a cattle king called upon the gift service to reproduce 
for him a complete life-size store window right in the living 
room of his ranch house as the proper setting for the presenta- 
tion of his Christmas gift to his wife. In this setting two live 
manikins displayed the furs and jewels he gave to his wife. 

Another time the store was called upon to make a 7 ft. 
snowman. It was a cellophane package opened with a zipper. 
Inside were gifts to the tune of many hundreds of dollars. 
The snowman was delivered in a huge sparkling box. The 
cost of this super-duper package was $125. 

These are the unusual, but they are not typical of this suc- 
cessful, country-famed gift service. The usual charges for 
special gift wraps are more likely to be, say, 35 cents, with 
special de-luxe numbers from $1 to $35. 

Of course, Neiman-Marcus’ gift activities were greatly 
curtailed by wartime limitations on decorative materials, 











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_ Wrap for a baby present. Gibson 


- fall-colored ribbons. The Dallas 
Skyline for civic 





but in spite of these obstacles the store has gone right ahead 
styling whatever was available to present-day requirements. 

One secret of winning public interest in gift wrapping has 
been the topical novelty introduced into brilliantly decorative 
efforts. 

The packages illustrated on these pages are some of the 
current ones offered at Neiman-Marcus. They include 
several for the 1944 Christmas season, others for special oc- 
casions as well as timely novelties inspired by current plays 
or current economic conditions. 

Among them is a container for candies, hosiery or perfume 
inspired by the song hit from ‘‘Oklahoma,”’ ‘“‘Surrey with the 
Fringe on Top.” This is a miniature surrey made from bits of 
black cardboard, fringe, oilcloth, ribbons, etc. A realistic 
effect is achieved by a little blonde doll who rides in the car- 
riage along with the other gifts. 

As a gift suggestion for the train traveler who carries his 
own lunch to avoid the diner dilemma, the Neiman-Marcus 
Epicure Bar offers a gift lunch box—sandwiches, cakes, etc.— 
all packed in a box wrapped in a paper with a locomotive motif 
on it, complete with be-ribboned carrying handle. Also from 










4~A collection for special occa- 
sions. A birthday wrap with 
“Happy Birthday” song paper. A 


Girl technique for Mother's day. 
An autumnal wrap with leaves and 


e 








promotion. 


the Epicure Bar is a wrap designed for cakes, jams, jellies, 
cookies or other specialty foods. It has a kitchen look: with 
striped paper in red and white, and a red and white checked 
ribbon tie. On the side of the box is affixed the miniature head 
of a chef, complete with fabric chef’s cap. 

A “handful of goodies” is symbolized by a large canvas 
glove filled with candy used as the decoration for a box of 
confections from the store’s candy bar. 

A year-round wrap on which is a photographic reproduction 
of the Dallas skyline promotes the community. This is done 
simply in black and white and is tied with white ribbon. 

The store also specializes in wraps for seasonal occasions, 
anniversaries, birthdays, etc. One birthday wrap is a paper 
on which is reproduced the notes and words to the song 
“Happy Birthday.”’ For Mother’s Day, a nostalgic paper 
with high-wheeled bicycles, old-fashioned trains, etc., is used 
for the background setting of a tiny framed picture of ‘‘Mom’’ 
in Gibson girl hat and shirtwaist. Equally attractive ideas 
are used for baby gifts, Father’s Day remembrances and 
others. 

The 1944 Christmas wraps (Continued on page 166) 


(Page 103) 























Ultraviolet lamps. 


1— Protecting pharmaceutical 
products during the packag- 
ing operation by means of 
ultraviolet lamps which are 
placed behind a glass shield. 


.. their place in packaging 


by A. R. Dennington* 





he preparation of any product for delivery to a dealer 

or user involves boxing or crating, wrapping or otherwise 
protecting the product from injury during the time it is in the 
hands of the common carrier or on the shelves of the dis- 
tributor. Such preparation of a product for delivery comes 
under the general classification of packaging. 

With the almost infinite variety of materials to be packaged, 
it is essential to broaden the usual conception of a package as 
something to protect a product from mechanical breakage. 
One example of this broader concept is in the frozen foods 
industry where the food product must be treated and frozen, 
and must also be maintained under refrigeration until it is to 
be consumed. In the canned food industry the packaging 
procedures include the mechanical filling of the receptacles and 
the subsequent heat treatment to sterilize the contents of the 
cans. In this case the heat treatment is an essential part 
of the packaging process. 

Other packaging problems are involved where the material 
being packaged must be kept free from infection by air- 
borne organisms, before and during the packaging, because 
the product would be impaired by heating or other treatment 
ordinarily used for sterilization. Problems of this kind have 
been successfully solved by the use of ultraviolet generators 
(trade named Sterilamp by Westinghouse), and a review of 
the means for accomplishing the desired results of germ- and 
mold-free packages for some typical products are given in 
the following descriptions. 

Pharmaceutical products 

Since pharmaceutical products are used as curative agents 

or for prophylactic or preventive purposes, the greatest care 


is used in their preparation and packaging. Serums, vac- 


* Special Products Commercial, Westinghouse Lamp Division, Bloom- 
field, N. J. 





104 MODERN PACKAGING 


cines and similar products must be handled in such a manner 
that the potency is not impaired and foreign organisms are 
excluded. These requirements dictate the sealing of the 
product in small glass containers called ampoules. Each 
ampoule is drawn out into a tube for filling after which the 
glass is heated to form a vitreous seal (Fig. 1). The filling 
operation and sealing are usually done behind a glass shield 
which prevents the exhalations of the operators reaching the 
ampoules or the serums directly, and further protection is 
provided by ultraviolet radiation back of the glass shield. 

There is only a remote chance that any organisms floating 
into the space behind the shield can survive the ultraviolet 
radiation long enough to reach the product being packaged. 
The shield, by confining the radiation to the area where the 
work is performed, not only aids in protecting the product, but 
also prevents stray or reflected radiations from reaching 
the faces and eyes of the operators. As the bactericidal radia- 
tions have practically no penetration into such materials as 
serums and vaccines, the action of the rays is wholly protective 
and does not result in any injury to the product. 


Sterile bottles for the pharmacist 


There is a growing demand by the pharmacy trade for 
germ-free bottles in which medicines can be supplied to the 
customers. Bottles may be contaminated during manu- 
facture by the air used to cool the bottles. If the bottles 
are capped before being placed in shipping cartons, they may 
be contaminated by the workers or by organisms lodging on 
the inner surface of the caps. 

To eliminate these sources of contamination, bottles must 
be kept in a sterile environment from the time they are formed 
on the bottle-blowing machine until they are cooled and 
capped. When the bottle is first formed it is at a tempera- 
ture which prevents any organism living on the interior sur- 















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face. To prevent strain cracks in the bottles, they are cooled 
slowly in a lehr in which there is a current of air flowing in a 
direction opposite to the movement of the bottles. Thus the 
coolest air comes into contact with the coolest bottles. If the 
bottles are to remain sterile after the forming operation, the 
cooling air must be free of bacteria; that is, all living organisms 
must be eliminated by passing the air supply through a radia- 
tion chamber fitted with ultraviolet lamps. As the bottles 
emerge from the lehr, they must pass under a hood fitted with 
ultraviolet lamps. 

Also the caps used must be under radiation and in practice 
the caps with the inner side up are placed in trays under the 
hood (Fig. 3). The operator then places an irradiated cap on 
each bottle and thus provides a closed container which has 
been protected from contamination all the way from the 
forming operation. These closed bottles will remain practi- 
cally sterile during shipping and storage. If they are opened 
and filled under ultraviolet radiation in the pharmacy, the 
purchaser is assured of products free of contamination from 
the package or from the air during the filling operation. 


Custom packaging 


Many manufacturers of pharmaceutical products arrange 
with firms engaged in commercial packaging for the packaging 
of their products. Products in pellet form are machine- 
packed by a large commercial packaging firm into separate 
compartments between two tapes which are embossed to- 
gether. This packaging is done in a room irradiated by ultra- 
violet lamps to reduce the air-borne organisms to a minimum 
and largely prevent contamination of the wrapping materials 
which come into contact with medicinal products. 

The bactericidal protection during packaging of products 
from different manufacturers and the providing of an indi- 
vidual wrapper for each pellet or unit dosage constitutes a 
unique service which relieves the manufacturer of many 
details and supplies to the trade packages which are unex- 
celled in sanitary and convenience features. 


Bakery products 


In the packaging of bakery products it is essential to pro- 
tect the bread or cake against drying out during the normal 
marketing period and delay the formation of mold beyond the 
time that the product is in the hands of the customer. Un- 
fortunately, a package which prevents the moisture from es- 
caping is conducive to the early development of mold, so the 


2 and 3—Capping pharmacy bottles under 


ultraviolet radiation. Brockway Glass 
Co. bottles are cooled by irradiated air 
and capped with irradiated caps. 4— 
Here general room irradiation completes 
the protection of fruit cakes from the 


ovens all the way to the wrapping table. 


two essential conditions have alwaysseemed to be incompatible. 

The use of wax-coated wrappers or plastic materials, such 
as cellophane,-is generally to prevent drying. These materials 
are usually stored where the humidity is high enough to pre- 
vent the wrappers from becoming brittle, hence mold spores 
may lodge on the surfaces and form one source of mold infec- 
tion of the baked product. 

When products come from the oven, the surface is sterile 
as the heat required in the baking process is sufficient to de- 
stroy mold and bacteria. This sterile product must be 
protected from air-borne contamination until it is sealed in 
the wrapper. During the cooling process all air coming in 
contact with the baked product must be kept free of living 
organisms. This can be accomplished to a practical extent 
by irradiating the cooling room and the wrapping room with 
bactericidal ultraviolet (Fig. 4). 

The effectiveness of the treatment is increased by installing 
ultraviolet lamps on the wrapping machine to give high in- 


DECEMBER ®* 1944 105 
































































tensity radiation on the wrapping material just prior to use. 
By using this treatment, it is possible to double the mold-free 
period of the product as compared to similar products not 
given any radiation. This is due to the fact that the product 
is free of mold spores when it is wrapped and time is required 
for organisms to be drawn into even a non-airtight package 
and be incubated. Under usual conditions the product will 
be consumed before there is any visible sign of mold. 


Processed cheese 


Processed cheese is pasteurized to reduce the bacteria 
count and is packaged in wood or paper containers. The 
wooden boxes are lined with parchment paper and the 
smaller paper containers may have the inner surface treated or 
they may be lined with cellophane or other protective ma- 
terial. The principal difficulty encountered in packaging and 
marketing the processed cheese is in the development of mold 
on the surface of the cheese where the liner or cover is folded 
down over the product. More rarely, mold appears in air 
pockets at or near the bottom of the container. In both 
cases the trouble starts from air-borne mold spores which 
lodge on the surface of the cheese or on the wrapper or which 
may be carried on the surface of the liner or inner surface of 
the carton. Ultraviolet irradiation installed in the packaging 
room reduces the number of mold spores in the air and addi- 
tional ultraviolet lamps placed directly over the conveyors 
carrying the empty containers to the filling machines sanitize 
the interior of the package. The filled containers should 
be kept under radiation until the cover is in place. This 
treatment prevents accumulation of mold spores on either 
packaging material or product and extends the period before 
there is additional infection and mold development. 


Cosmetics and toiletries 


Face creams, skin lotions and similar products usually 
contain materials which are subject to mold. The treatment 
of products of this type by ultraviolet is similar to the treat- 
ment of processed cheese. Not only is the container to be 
irradiated, but also the contents before it is covered (Fig. 5). 
Other materials of similar composition or consistency may be 
protected during packaging by general irradiation of the room 
supplemented by localized high intensity radiation on the 
open packages before and after filling. 


Milk and beverages 


Fluid milk presents some problems in sanitary handling 
and protection as it passes from the dairy farm to the ulti- 
mate consumer. Milk is an excellent culture medium for 
bacteria. Unless carefully handled on the farm, including 
temporary storage in standard milk cans, the milk may have a 
high bacteria count from the very beginning of its distribution 
journey. The initial count may be materially reduced by the 
installation of bactericidal ultraviolet radiation in the milk 
room on the farm and the irradiation of the utensils used in 
handling the milk (Fig. 6). 

Because of slight penetration of bactericidal ultraviolet into 
milk, the irradiation method of reducing bacteria count has 
not replaced pasteurization. However, ultraviolet is of de- 
cided advantage in sterilizing the equipment and maintaining 
it practically germ-free until ready for use. 

Again in the bottling operation, ultraviolet lamps may be 
used to maintain the sterility of the bottles during their pas- 
sage from the soakers to the filling machines. The lamps are 
mounted in hoods over the bottle conveyors and kill micro- 
organisms which may have lodged (Continued on page 164) 


106 MODERN PACKAGING 





5—Ultraviolet lamps in hood guard cooling cold cream 
against bacteria and mold at the plant of Jacqueline 
N. Y. 6—Ultraviolet radiations reduce the 
bacteria count in milk room and a portable unit is used 
7—Pre- 


cooling and conditioning vegetables for shipment with 


Cochran, 


to sanitize the interior of the milk cans. 
water recirculated under a battery of ultraviolet Jamps 


placed over the machine keeps the bacteria count low 








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“I can no longer see the blue and white in the flag as I 
struggle to force an entrance into a keyless sardine can.” 


T" ingenuity of packaging engineers has devised many 
ways to achieve product protection of consumer goods in 
the face of wartime limitations of packaging materials. At 
the same time, the unprecedented requirements of warfare in 
all parts of the world have brought protective packaging to 
heights of effectiveness scarcely dreamed of a few years ago. 

There are evidences, however, that in the process of 
improvisation (in the case of civilian products) and of per- 
fection (in the case of military items) consumer convenience 
has sometimes been sacrificed to extreme product protection. 
Of course, convenience means little to the supply sergeant 
on a steaming Pacific island who may require pinch bar, 
screw driver, metal shears and a sledge hammer to unfrock 
a carefully protected airplane motor; but it means a great 
deal to the housewife who has to call in a tinsmith—if she 
can find one—before she can prepare the evening meal. 

The public did not balk when the shortage of tin forced 
many products into glass or paper containers, so long as the 
contents were reasonably well preserved and could be con- 
veniently used. Like most men, I am moved with a sense 
of patriotic inconvenience when I dip my shaving cream out 
of a jar with my fingers and when I shake my talcum powder 
out of a cardboard box, but I can no longer see the blue and 
white in the flag as I struggle to help friend wife force an en- 
trance into a keyless sardine can. It really should not be 
necessary to don overalls or apron and arm oneself with 
chisel and pliers to gain access to the Eastport minnows that 
appease our craving for the war-lost Norwegian sardine. 

I may know full well why the packers can no longer furnish 
keys with their cans, but it is beyond me to understand why 
they have not changed the can so that the conventional can 
opener can do the job. 

My admiring endorsement is given to the protection af- 
forded a certain processed cheese as I start to disrobe it for a 
midnight snack, An attractive waxed box as an outside con- 
tainer is an assurance of cleanliness, and freshness is assured 
by a vegetable parchment inner wrap. But, I'll challenge 
even a packaging engineer to remove the contents from their 
Wrappings without destroying the package as well as his own 
enthusiasm, because both box and wrapper are inextricably 
folded together at the ends. 


* Of Bostitch, Inc., E. Greenwich, R. I. 


Consumer convenience 


... it must not be overlooked 


by Sherman Lewis Smith* 


Of course, I know that production is probably stepped up 
by folding both in a single operation, but if the entire con- 
tents are not immediately consumed, which is usually the 
case, I would like to restore them to the container to con- 
tinue to enjoy its protection—and incidentally to remind me 
of the maker. 

I have long since ceased to miss the metal foil that once 
seemed an indispensable protection for my favorite candy 
bar and I note with approval the increasing use of cellophane 
bags for nuts and confections of various kinds. When I dis- 
cover that the mouth of the bag has been heat-sealed, my 
first reaction—as a personal consumer—is favorable. But as 
I try to open it, my reactions undergo a change. The 
crimped edges are so tightly welded that there is no oppor- 
tunity to insert a pencil or finger in an attempt to pry them 
apart. When I try to tear them off I discover that tearing 
cellophane across the grain is about as easy as chewing steel. 

My eventual success in bursting the package brings small 
satisfaction because the contents invariably spill all over the 
floor. 

Packaging has arrived at its present degree of excellence 
through the development of three important phases: packag- 
ing art, package engineering and packaging methods. 

Packaging art, in the ’30s, combined utility, sales appeal 
and esthetic beauty to create an art form that could almost 
rank with architecture, painting and sculpture. This de- 
velopment has naturally been somewhat arrested by the 
exigencies of a world-wide war. 

In the war, however, package engineering has really gone 
to town. When the full story of this war is written, we will 
be amazed at the stupendous accomplishments of our Service 
of Supply. Great distances and the most exacting hazards 
of climate and primitive handling and storage have not pre- 
vented our fighting forces from receiving such susceptible 
items as ammunition, such critical items as airplane engines 
and such delicate items as x-ray tubes, in as good condition 
as though the factories that produced them were but half a 
mile away—largely because of this distinctly American de- 
velopment of package engineering. 

Packaging methods, in which we include packing and 
sealing methods and equipment, have not been greatly 
changed, but the high efficiency which they had attained has 
been mustered into military service and has played a large 
part in winning the battle of production. 

From a consumer viewpoint, however, the efficiency of 
protective packaging can be overdone. The requirements 
of peacetime packaging, especially of consumer goods, will 
seldom be as rigorous as those of packaging for war. 

With the resumption of competitive selling, consumer pref- 
erence will be the aim of every product—and its package. 
Beautiful containers will again delight the eye and tempt the 
purse. Products of merit will win market acceptance, prop- 
erly protected against pilferage, spoilage and other damage. 
In providing this protection the manufacturer and the packag- 
ing engineer must observe some limitation lest they also pro- 
tect the product against the user and against the sale. 





DECEMBER °* 1944 107 



















































































‘STAIRS White Seal 


THE PERFECTLY BALANCED BLEND 


























(Page 108) 


| The illuminated White Seal has returned to his place on 

the back bars of the nation. The Carstairs trademark 
piece, however, now comes made of non-critical materials. The 
base onto which is fastened the electric light socket is wood; 
the seal and his rock are of glass; and the ball balanced on the 
seal’s nose is wood with a small hole bored into it which fits over 
a projection to keep it in place. Black, white and red paint are 
applied directly to the glass to achieve color. Prewar this display 
was made of plastics and Carstairs hopes to return to this 
material. Display, Kulay Advertising Displays, Inc., New York. 


) The origin of the famous old Ballentine trademark is told 
G@ in the newest display being distributed by this company. 
The famous brewer, surrounded by his associates, noticing the 
intertwined rings on the table left by the dampness from the 
bottom of his mug, says, ‘‘Lads, I have my trademark.”’ The 
display is done in full color, surrounded by a three-dimensional 
simulated walnut frame. It comes in several sizes, fitted with 
easel and gold silk cord for hanging. Both ale and ale and beer 
copy are available. Display, Einson-Freeman Co., Inc., Long 
Island City, N. Y. 


e Bob Hope’s current picture, ‘‘The Princess and the Pirate,” 
3 is used as the theme around which this special-sale display 
is created for Pepsodent tooth powder. The large center poster, 
lithographed in full color, shows Pepsodent’s popular comic 
holding Virginia Mayo, his luscious leading lady. Side cards 
depicting scenes from the picture help to build a complete 
window which includes all the sizes of Pepsodent’s other prod- 
ucts—tooth paste and antiseptic. Display, Forbes Lithograph 
Mfg. Co., Boston, Mass. 


A special two-month advertising campaign inspired this 
new counter display for ‘‘Petrogalar,’’ Wyeth’s laxative. 
The hour glass with the watch in the background emphasizes 


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“Habit Time,”’ the theme of the display. A die-cut rectangle 
allows room for an actual package of the product to be shown 
and a small slotted extension holds booklets stressing the im- 
portance of habit time. Display, Zerbo Co., New York City. 

Ff An almost life-size baby cutout tops this display for Mc- 
A] Kesson’s Albolene, an antiseptic baby oil. The front of 
the display is extended in a manner to form a shelf for a grouping 
of various baby needs such as powder, vitamins, cough syrup, 
food preparations, syringes and similar products. By surround- 
ing the centerpiece with everything the druggist handles for 
the baby he can make the entire display as large as his space 
allows. By restricting the number of products to what will 
fit on the shelf alone he can use the display as a filler or counter 
unit. Display, Planpin Litho Co., Inc., New York. 


@ ‘Chosen by Smart Women of Two Generations”’ is the idea 
( carried out in this latest Cara Nome display for the United 
Drug Co. Mother and daughter in full color decorate the center- 
piece while two side cards show (left) fragrances and bath ac- 
cessories and (right) creams and lotions. Fibreboerd shelves at 
the bottom of each piece can be used to build a display of actual 
packages of the line. Display, United States Printing & Litho- 
graph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


™ Bourjois’ Evening in Paris lipstickis getting counter room 
( by means of this small but effective display which measures 
a mere 6!/. in. wide by 7 in. high. In spite of its economical 
dimensions, however, it provides four die-cut slots for the inser- 
tion of the four colors of the lipsticks. Each color is named and 
the lips beneath reproduce the color as it looks ‘‘on.’’ The 
reverse side of the display carries a sales message to the clerk 
to suggest face powder and rouge with each lipstick sale and 
gives a color guide of complexion types which should use each 
of the various shades. Display, Leon Berkowitz, Philadelphia, Pa. 


7 





6 (Page 109) 


Lips EVEN 


LIPSTICK 


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1—Authentic Scotch plaid was 
scaled down for this new Mac's 
Scotch blend tobacco. Wrapper 
cut to size serves double duty 
as label on paper canister for 
2—Die-cut 
shipping carton offers company 


larger package. 
a chance for display of four 


package of tobacco inside pouch 
with band around entire out- 
side keeps dealers from selling 
pouch separate from package. 


1 


Package lure for the variety smoker 





T*: average pipe smoker likes to shop around for ‘‘some- 
thing different.’’ Today, with the shortage of cigarettes, 
there is a definite trend to pipe smoking. Also with fewer 
imports, the tobacco shopper does even more sampling of 
domestic brands. 

The Wild Honey Tobacco Co. is a firm believer in the power 
of the package to attract new smokers to new brands. In 
1939, several years after its Wild Honey blends had been 
well received, this company felt that a less expensive 
tobacco would find a wide market. The new brand was 
called Wine Shag. The package, planned by R. F. Dance, 
manager of the company, was inspired by the market maps 
the company used in studying its distribution. The map of 
the United States, with the slogan ‘‘Folks like it every- 
where,’’ was used as the package design (MODERN PACKAG- 
ING, May 1939). 

Now to give the pipe smoker a choice of four different types 
of tobacco blends, the Wild Honey company has added Mac’s 
Scotch American Cross Blend to its three other tobaccos: 
Wild Honey, Wild Honey Aromatic and Wine Shag. 

In selecting a package for the new blend, the company 
wanted an idea to tie in with the product name. The choice 
was an adaptation of an authentic Scotch plaid as an all-over 
design for the wrapper. Three colors are used: red, green 
and yellow. The trade and product name are printed in red 
and green on a yellow panel. 

One of the difficulties in producing the design was the 
scaling of the plaid to the proper size of the package and for 
careful alignment when the wrapper is folded around the 
carton. Close examination shows how skillfully this was done 
so that, in machine production, plaids match at the folds. 

The continuous design of the wrapper also does double duty. 
When specially cut, it is applied as a continuous label around 
a large canister package of Mac’s Scotch American and in this 
way saves a special label printing for the large package. The 
container used for this package, in place of metal, is an 
ordinary No. 3 fibre butter tub. 


110 MODERN PACKAGING 


Twelve packages, three each of the company’s four blends, 
are packed in a display carton, die cut so that it opens into a 
convenient counter unit for merchandising the four blends. 

Another interesting feature of the line is a new Wine Shag 
pouch also shipped in a counter display carton. The new 
pouch, replacing a former rubber-lined one, is made of fabric 
with a vinyl coating. There is no trade identification on the 
pouch, so that the user may have an attractive pocket case. 
Inside the pouch is an unlabeled package of Wine Shag 
tobacco. The distributor of the tobacco, however, is pro- 
tected by the trade-marked Wine Shag map-design band 
around the pouch, which discourages the dealer from removing 
the tobacco and selling the pouch as a separate item. 


Credit: Designer, Mac’s Scotch American wrapper, Charles North, 
N. Y. Wrappers, printed by Petre Lithographing Co., N. Y. 
Cellophane and waxed paper liners, Marathon Corp., Menasha, 
Wis. Fibre container, The Sealright, Co., Inc., Fulton, N. ¥. 
Display cartons, Mott Carton and Paper Co., St. Louis, Mo. 
Pouch bands, Stzcher-Traung Lithograph Corp. Rochester, N. Y. 





brands at once (left). Unlabeled | 





PPP LETC 


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No, we don't handle our customers that way. Not 


7 only isn’t it legal, but it isn't our way. 

nto a 

ends. 

Shag True, our production has been more than spoken for by 


/ new ° . ° 
standby customers for a long time, now. Burt special wartime 


‘abric 
n the developments of paper closures, paper lipsticks, paper cans, etc. 
case. . . . ° . 
aa have all played a big part in American wartime packaging. 
5 pro- 
band The strain has been tremendous on our production facilities and on our 
OviNg 
personnel. But none of us has ever lost patience. 
North, ‘ 
ne Frankly, we have been extremely selfish about all this. We have always 
—_ thought that wars have ends, as well as beginnings. We know that some 
. = day we'd be begging for your business and we wanted you to remember 


N. Y. us via the Golden Rule. 


As the time approaches, we hope you'll remember that Burt customers 
are happy all the time — in both war and peace. 








Mm, BURT SOMP? 


F 
500-540 SENECA STREET, BUFFALO, N. Y. 


New York ‘City - Philadelphia - Boston - St. Louis - Atlanta - Chicago - Cleveland - Cincinnati 
Los Angeles - New Orleans - Memphis-- Minneapolis - Kansas City 
SAN FRANCISCO: 216 Pine St.—Telephone EXbrook 5323 
CANADIAN DIVISION: Dominion Paper Box Company, Ltd., 469-483 King St., West, Toronto 2, Canada 











DECEMBER °* 1944 111 






















































































GING COSTS 









































sie Me ERIE PED 
ee 

















































































































a 
Ly 








marks the date when this 
COST-REDUCER went into action | ' 


Many an executive can point directly to the day when his 
company’s costs took a nose-dive. For our machines invariably 





make a saving right from the day they are installed. In many 0 
cases they pay for themselves in one year’s time. From then on t 
the saving is clear profit. F 
This is a fact that calls for action now, so that you will be 
ready when postwar conditions demand lower costs. 
Improved wrapping machines offer (1) faster production 0 
(2) saving of floor space (3) extreme adjustability — one I 
machine often takes the place of several fixed-type machines 
(4) saving in wrapping material (5) lower selling costs through 
the heightened sales-appeal of an improved package. ‘ 
Why not let us show you what a more efficient packaging 
Write for our new book set-up would do for you? Many concerns have already placed 
“Sales Winning Packages and the orders with us for postwar machinery replacements as a result 


machines that produce them”. of such foresighted planning. 





=D 


mm PA 


PACKAGE MACHINERY COMPANY 


Springfield 7, Massachusetts 


30 Church St., New York 7 ¢ 111 W. Washington St., Chicago 2 ¢ 101 W. Prospect Ave., Cleveland 15 
443 S. San Pedro St., Los Angeles 13 e 32 Front St., W., Toronto 1 


PACKAGE MACHINERY COMPANY 


Over a Quarter Billion Packages per day are wrapped on our Machines 





lo Mk: > A > a . . -  ~  o 


MODERN PACKAGING 



































@ MACHINERY TECHNICAL 
—— EDITOR 
TESTING 





CHARLES A. SOUTHWICK JR. 





































IN CITTUS WFQPS.... to inhibit rot 


by G. B. Ramsey, M. A. Smith and B. C. Heiberg} 


ompkins‘ was the first to point out the value of diphenyl 

in controlling green-mold rot of oranges when used as 
impregnating material for paper wraps. When treated wraps 
were used, he noted that not only was the number of rotting 
fruits reduced but also the spore formation. 

Following these studies, Farkas! showed from the results of 
extensive shipping tests with oranges from Palestine to Eng- 
land that the percentage of green mold (Penicillium digita- 
tum) was six or seven times higher with untreated wraps than 
when diphenyl-impregnated wrappers were used. His test 
on the physiological effects of diphenyl also showed that if 
this material is taken up at all by the fruit, it remains in the 
peel, and the quantities concerned are so minute that they 
are entirely negligible as compared with the amounts that 
can be tolerated by man.? 

Farkas and Aman,’ studying the action of diphenyl vapor 
on various molds, found that a concentration of 0.08 mg. per 
liter of air stopped development of P. digitatum, P. italicum 
and Diplodia sp. completely. However, the spores and older 
hyphae continued to grow when the diphenyl was removed. 

During the last 3 years there has been considerable increase 
in the use of diphenyl-impregnated wrappers for oranges, 


* Reprinted from Botanical Gazette, Vol. 106, No. 1, pp. 74-83, September 
1944 ‘Fungistatic Action of Diphenyl on Citrus Fruit Pathogens, 
permission of the editor and authors. Investigation conducted by the 
Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant 
Industry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Ad- 
ministration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the 
Department of Botany, University of Chicago. 

Tt Senior Pathologist, Associate Pathologist, Scientific Aide, respectively, 
Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural 
Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 


1—Effectiveness of diphenyl in controlling growth of citrus 
Pathogens: left, control; right, treated. A—Diplodia 
natalensis; B—Botrytis cinerea; C—Phomopsis citri; D— 
Penicillium italicum; E—P. digitatum; F—Sclerotinia 
sclerotiorum; G—Trichoderma viride; H—Colletotri- 
Chum gloeosporioides; I—Alternaria citri; J—Phyto- 
Phthora citrophthora. Cultures are grown at 70 to 75 
deg. F. and are usually photographed the third day. 













DECEMBER °* 1944 











MODERN PACKAGING 


lemons and grapefruit by commercial firms in the United 
States. Although the shipping tests abroad and those made 
in this country have shown diphenyl to be effective in the 
control of the green and blue molds (P. digitatum and P. 
italicum) of citrus fruit, the manner of action of this material 
and its affect on spore germination and growth of these 
fungi have not been investigated. This paper records the 
results of studies of the action of diphenyl vapor on spore 
germination and growth in pure culture, not only of the blue 
and green molds but also of other of the more important 
citrus-rot fungi. 

From among the many fungi that affect citrus fruit during 
transit, storage and marketing, the following were selected 
for study as being the most serious pathogens: Alternaria 
citri Ell. and Pierce, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Colletotrichum 
gloeosporioides Penz., Diplodia natalensis P. Evans, Phomopsis 
citri Fawe., Penicillium digitatum Sacc., P. italicum Wehmer, 
Phytophthora citrophthora (R. E. Sm. & E. H. Sm.) Leonian, 
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) Dby., and Trichoderma viride 
Fr. 

Preliminary tests indicated that the vapor from 0.05 gm. of 
diphenyl was effective in inhibiting spore germination and 
mycelial growth of some of the citrus-rot fungi in plate cul- 
tures and their spores in water drops; however, 0.2 gm. di- 
phenyl was used in each test in order to assure a strong con- 
centration of vapor. 

The first method of studying the effect of diphenyl vapor 
on the growth of these fungi consisted in making plantings of 
mycelium from pure cultures on potato dextrose agar (pH 
6.8). Diphenyl crystals were placed in the center of the in- 
oculated plates in one series; a second series similarly in- 
oculated but to which no diphenyl was added served as con- 
trols. Two plantings of the organism to be tested were made 
on each plate about midway between the crystals and the 
edge of the plate. Since diphenyl is only very slightly soluble 
in water at ordinary temperature, it was found satisfactory 
to place the crystals directly on the agar; but in tests of each 
organism at least one set of cultures was made in which the 
crystals were placed in glass rings in the center of the plate 
to prevent the possibility of any surface spread or diffusion of 
the chemical. In tests with fungi that would make some 
growth at 35 deg. F., the diphenyl vapor was effective in con- 
trolling the growth if it had any fungistatic action on the 
organism at higher temperatures (60 to 80 deg.). The data 
presented in Table I were selected as typical of several series 
of temperature tests on the growth of the rot-producing 
fungi of citrus fruit at 40 deg. and 70 deg. F. The lower 
temperature approximates that commonly found in refrigera- 
tor cars during transit and the higher temperature approxi- 
mates that found in most retail stores. 

The diameters of colonies of the fungi grown on agar plates 
with and without diphenyl were measured at regular inter- 
vals. The growth characteristics of each organism are shown 
in Fig. 1. The degree of inhibition is shown by comparing 
the diameters of the colonies (Table I). 

Two methods were used in studying the effect of dipheny! 
vapor on spore germination. In the first, suspensions of the 
various fungi were made by placing spores from vigorously 


2—Effectiveness of diphenyl-treated trays in the con- 
trol of green mold of oranges after three weeks at 72 deg. 
F. and 40% relative humidity. Diphenyl-treated tray; 
one decayed fruit out of 100 in test. Note white com- 
pact growth of mycelium and lack of spores. 3—Un- 
treated tray, 25 decayed fruit out of the 100 in the test. 






ROR PIN AAR/StLe 8 ay oF 





































ted 
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I—GROWTH OF CITRUS FRUIT PATHOGENS ON AGAR 
PLATES 
(C, control; D, exposed to diphenyl vapor) 


TABLE 
































: ~ | Diameter of colonies (mm.) 
> -| 
| § | Days at 40° F.| Days at 70° F. 
| 8 a a 
Pathogen | &\5|7| 9 21} | 3|5|7 
Alternaria cttrt............ | Cc | 4 8 11) 25) 8| 35) 57 | 76 
| D | T*) 2| 4/18] 5) 20) 33/46 
| | | 
Botrytis cinerea........... | C | 5| 14/31 | 80| 7 | 54|sot| .. 
| D|0} O| 0| oO; O| GC) 6} O 
| 
| 
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides| © | 9 | 0} 0) 0} T | 32| 56 | 74 
D | 0 | 0| 0| 0| T | 16] 27} 39 
| 
Diplodia natalensis........ | C |} 0; 0O| 0; 0;15/80)..)|.. 
1 D1!0O]}] 0} O| O| O| O| O| O 
} 
| ~ ] 2 v6 
Penicillium digitatum...... | C | O} O| O| 4] T | 23/46 | 63 
|} D |] 0} 0; 0] 0] 0; oO) T) 3 
| | | 
Penicillium ttalicum....... | C|T| 3 | 4|17| 4/28) 59| 80 
| D | 0 0| 0] o| O|TITIT 
| | | | 
Phomopsis citri............| C | 0} 0; 0} 3} 0/20} 40} 57 
1p |o!o] o 0| 0| T a ae 
| | | =e 
Phytophthora citrophthora. . .| C | 0} 0) O| O| 4) 23) 39) 57 
| D | 0} 0| 0| 0| T | 27) 57/89 
| | | | 
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum....., © | 9 | 0| 0| 9| T | 63) 80 


d!0! 0! 0! o| o| o T| 8 








“J 


Trichoderma viride...... ..| © |O) 0} O|T | 68 | 80 | 35 
D | 0} 0} 0| 0} 0/17) 61) 80 


* Trace of growth. 

t Full plate. 
growing, 5- to 10-days old cultures into tubes containing 50 
cc. of sterile water and shaking vigorously to break up spore 
clumps. Two cubic centimeters of each suspension was trans- 
ferred to another tube containing 20 cc. of sterile water. 
These tubes were thoroughly shaken to insure uniformity 
of spore distribution, after which drops of the final suspension 
were pipetted to cover slips which were inverted over Van 
Tieghem cells affixed to glass slides. Diphenyl crystals (0.2 
gm.) were placed in the bottom of these cells. Spore-contain- 
ing drops inverted over Van Tieghem cells in which no di- 
phenyl was added served as controls. Unless otherwise in- 
dicated, the cells were incubated at 75 deg. F. All tests were 
made in duplicate. The percentage of germinated spores 
was determined at the end of 24, 48 and 72 hours (Table IT). 

The second method consisted of the addition of two drops of 
the diluted spore suspension of the fungi to be studied to the 
surfaces of plates of potato dextrose agar by means of a sterile 
loop. The plates were then tilted to allow the drops to spread 
along the surface of the agar. In one series a small crystal 
of diphenyl was added to each of the plates. A second series, 
similarly inoculated but receiving no diphenyl, served as con- 
trols. Observations of the progress of spore germination were 
readily made by placing the plate on the stage of the micro- 
scope and making direct counts. 

The reaction of the important citrus fruit pathogens to 


4—Characteristic growth of Penicillium and Diplodia in 
the presence of diphenyl vapor. A—giant cells and dis- 
torted hyphae of P. digitatum. Note lack of normal spores. 
Transmitted light. B—Swollen spore of D. natalensis 
showing abnormal branching of germ tube. C-burst spore 


and contents of D. natalensis showing branching hyphae. 





diphenyl vapor as shown by growth rate in plate culture and 
spore germination studies is shown in TablesI and II. It will 
be noted that a few fungi were totally inhibited in growth, 
some were checked at first and then grew moderately well 
later, while others were retarded only slightly. The only 
case of increased growth in the presence of diphenyl vapor was 
that found in cultures of Phytophthora citrophthora. In the 
many tests made with this fungus it always grew as fast or 
faster in diphenyl vapor than in the plates without this chemi- 
cal. The colonies of this fungus produced in the control 
plates were white and appressed, with the margins sharp and 
regular, whereas in the diphenyl plates they were white and 
somewhat flocculent, with irregular margins (Fig. 1/). A 
few apparently normal sporangia were produced within a 
week in the diphenyl vapor, but none were observed in the 
control plates under the same conditions. 

Apparent recovery from the initial shock of the chemical 
was exhibited by Sclerotinia and Trichoderma. These fungi 
eventually grew all over the culture plates, even covering the 
diphenyl crystals (Fig. 1G). Although the mycelium of 
Trichoderma was not quite normal, many spores were pro- 
duced. The mycelium of Sclerotinia became cream-colored 
and more compact than normal. After several weeks’ 
growth, a few yellowish sclerotia were observed. Apparently 
the effect of diphenyl vapor varies greatly with the species. 

Regardless of whether growth was slightly inhibited, all 
the fungi showed one common characteristic reaction to the 
vapor. The newly developed hyphae were greater in diam- 
eter than normal and there was a great increase in the 
secondary branching. With the fungi that showed least 
growth, such as Botrytis, Diplodia and Penicillium sp., there 
was a tendency to produce compact masses of hyphae made 
up of malformed or giant cel!s. White masses of hyphae bear- 
ing giant cells resembling spores were particularly conspicuous 
in Penicillium (Fig. 4A). No normal green or blue spores 
were ever produced in the presence of diphenyl. On removal 
of the diphenyl from such cultures, however, the mycelium 
began to develop normally and the characteristic colored 
spores were formed within 2 or 3 days, showing that the 
chemical has a fungistatic rather than a fungicidal action. 
None of the fungi tested in pure cul.ure have been killed by the 
vapors, even in concentrations many times stronger than 
necessary to inhibit growth. 

The spore germination studies reflected about the same 
reactions to diphenyl vapor as were found in the agar-plate 





DECEMBER °* 1944 





cultures. 


In a few instances it would appear that inhibition 
was somewhat less, in that a rather high percentage of spores 
germinated; but in such cases usually only short, thick, mal- 
formed germ tubes were produced and these often burst 


before they made much growth (Fig. 4C). In the case of 
Botrytis and Diplodia, whose vegetative growth on agar 
plates is completely inhibited in the presence of diphenyl, the 
spores germinated moderately well but their germ tubes 
stopped growth when they reached a length equivalent to 
about two spore diameters (Fig. 4B). Spores of Diplodia 
frequently became enlarged and distorted and then burst 
before germ tubes were developed, but Botrytis spores did 
not burst. The bursting of spores and germ tubes and the 
prolific bra ching of hyphae suggest that the diphenyl vapor 
affects the plasma membrane in such a manner as to inter- 
fere with its regulatory powers, although death of cells does 
not occur except when they actually burst. 

The coutrol of rot of citrus fruit during transit, storage and 
marketing by the use of diphenyl-treated wraps is evidently 
due to the inhibition of germination of contaminating surface 
spores, the retardation of growth of exposed hyphae a'ready 
present on the fruit, and the prevention of new spore forma- 
tion that often is the source of infection during handling. 

Diphenyl-treated paper wraps are now successfully used 
for control of decay in many commercial shipments of citrus. 
During the course of this investigation another method of 
using the diphenyl as a fungistatic agent was demonstrated. 
Fibreboard boxes, such as. are sometimes used for shipping 
apples, were fitted with paper-pulp trays containing twenty 
cuplike depressions for holding individual fruits (the Friday 
pack). Five trays were packed into each box. In one ex- 
periment 100 oranges from an apparently healthy lot of fruit 
were placed in trays impregnated with diphenyl and 100 were 
placed in untreated trays. The fruit in the treated trays was 
packed in one box and sealed, and the control fruit in un- 
treated trays was packed in another box and sealed. At the 
end of a storage period of 3 weeks at 72 deg. F. and relative 
humidity of 40%, the control box of fruit had 25% decay and 
the fruit in the treated trays had 1% decay. Figs. 2 and 3 show 
green mold rot in a treated and in an untreated tray. The 
vapors from the treated trays showed a fungistatic action 
on the rot-producing organisms such as was demonstrated in 
the pure culture studies. 


Summary 


1. The effect of diphenyl vapor on the growth of ten citrus 


fruit pathogens was studied. Growth of a few organisms was 





totally inhibited, some were moderately or only slightly 
checked, and one was apparently stimulated. Likewise, 
differences in response were observed when spores placed in 
water drops and on agar plates were exposed to diphenyl 
vapor. In the case of all the fungi so exposed, the developing 
hyphae were larger in diameter than normal and secondary 
branching was greatly increased. With some species of fungi 
there was a tendency to produce short, malformed or giant 
cells. In the presence of diphenyl the spores frequently 
became enlarged and distorted and often burst before germ 
tubes were developed to any appreciable extent. Death of 
cells did not occur except when they actually burst. Upon 
removal of diphenyl from cultures the organisms resumed 
growth and spore production, showing that the action of this 
chemical is fungistatic rather than fungicidal. 

2. A new method of using diphenyl as a fungistatic agent 
in the control of citrus fruit decay was demonstrated. Un- 
wrapped oranges placed in cuplike depressions in special 
paper-pulp trays impregnated with diphenyl developed 
little or no decay when packed in tight fibreboard boxes, 
whereas the controls developed considerable rot. 

3. The control of rot in citrus fruit during transit, storage 
and marketing through the use of diphenyl-treated wraps or 
trays is due to the inhibition of germination of contaminating 
surface spores, the retardation of growth of exposed hyphae 
already present on the fruit, and the prevention of new spore 
formation that often is the source of infections during han- 
dling. 

4. Diphenyl vapors should be effective in checking de- 
velopment of the following diseases of citrus fruit: blue mold 
rot (Penicillium italicum), Botrytis rot (B. cinerea), Diplodia 
stem-end rot (D. natalensis), green mold rot (Penicillium 
digitatum) and Phomopsis stem-end rot (P. citri). The failure 
of diphenyl to inhibit to any marked extent the mycelial 
growth and spore germination of the causal organisms of 
Alternaria rot (A. citri), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeo- 
sporioides), brown rot (Phytophthora citrophthora), cottony rot 
(Sclerotinia sclerotiorium) and Trichoderma rot (T. viride) 
suggests that these diseases are not likely to be controlled 
satisfactorily by this chemical. 


Literature cited 


1 Farkas, A., ‘“‘The Practical Application of ce Te ae 

Against t Fungal Decay of Citrus Fruits,’’ Hadar, 11, 261-267 (193 
‘Control of Wastage of Citrus Fruit by Impregnating w rappers 

ona ‘Comaneveiat Scale,’’ Hadar, 12, 227-230 (1939). 

3 Farkas, A., and Aman, | i, ‘The Action of Diphenyl on Penicillium 
and Diplodia Moulds,’’ Palestine Jour. Bot. 2, 38-45 (1940). 

4 Tompkins, R. G., ‘‘Report of the Food Investigational Board for the 
Year 1935,’’ Dept. Sci. Indus. Res., London, p. 129. 





Tee [sean PER RCENTAGE GERMINATION OF SPORES OF CITRUS FruUIT PATHOGENS IN Ww ATER DROPS AND ON AGAR Scan 
EXPOSED TO DIPHENYL VAPOR AT 75° F. 





24 aes 


Percentage germination after 















































| 48 Hours | 72 Hours 
eS —___—— oe — lignan — 
Control | Diphenyl | Counies | Diphen) yl _ Control Dipheny! 
Pathogen TW ‘ater Agar Water | Agar | Water Agar | | Water Agar Ww ater | Agar | Water | Agar 
Alternaria citri. eiamarirn ae 88 a | 22 | 100 86 | 52 69 100 | 93 95 | 95 
Botrytis cinerea....... | 85 | 72 o | 14 | 100 | 88 | 43 | 52 | 100 | 96 | 50 | 69 
Colletotrichum eiaiuiailes. sacsiel OE 69 30 S| | 74, =|) «85 79 83 | 89 85 | 88 
Diplodia natalensis............. 85 98 3 6 | 100 | 99 | 7 11 100 99 12 | 16 
Penicillium digitatum........... 10 47 6 | 12 50 | 56 | 13 | 18 | 62 77 17 | 24 
Penicillium italicum............ 40 33 0 8 64 St. | 3 iy | @ | 10 | 22 
Phomopsis citri.................| 90 79 9 20 95 84 16 39 | 95 88 19 | 46 
Trichoderma viride..............| 3 12 0 0 25 Zi 0 | 2 | 1 | 43 18 | a6 


116 


MODERN PACKAGING 























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1—-Repeal gave a boost to 
the business of molding plas- 
tic bottle caps. The liquor 
industry uses many millions 
of phenolic closures, based on 
standard designs but with em- 
bossed trademarks. An accu- 
rate method of testing strength 


of caps has long been needed. 















PHOTO COURTESY BAKELITE CORP, 


Measuring the strength of plastic closures 


by G. K. Scribner* 





r history of molded closures only goes back a matter of 
about 20 years, a very short time in the eyes of the metal 
closure trade although it covers over half the life of modern 
plastics. Moldable materials go back to the Dark Ages, but 
plastics as we know them now are strictly a development of 
the Twentieth Century. Dr. Baekeland tamed the reaction 
between formaldehyde and phenol in the year 1908. The fact 
that these two materials when mixed together would produce 
a strange offspring with some unusual qualities had been 
known to the chemists since the eighties. The difficulty was 
that no one could consistently bring this union to pass so that 
the offspring could be used. 

There were moldable plastics before the advent of Bakelite, 
and a thriving plastics trade. As an industry we might trace 
our family tree back to Goodyear’s discovery of the possi- 
bility of vulcanizing rubber with sulphur in 1846, but for 
some reason, perhaps because the rubber industry resulting 
from that discovery has stayed aloof and away from all the 
other plastics until recently, we have preferred to date our 
birth from the discovery of celluloid, or moldable cellulose 
nitrate, by Hyatt in 1868. Between that date and the dis- 
coveries of Baekeland in 1908 many kinds of plastics rose to 
popularity and fell from their peak position either as the re- 
sult of new compounds being developed or because the par- 
ticular use for which they had been brought out declined 
marketwise. Shellac, casein, tar, cements of various kinds 
all had their day in the sun and still are used in fairly sub- 
stantial quantities. 

Bakelite was the first molding compound to come along 
that had the quality of being moldable to intricate shapes and 
durable after such molding. The best proof of the value of 
Dr. Baekeland’s contribution to the materials of modern 
engineering is the fact that in spite of all the sensational de- 
velopments in the way of new plastics during the last few 
years, phenol-formaldehyde molding materials are still the 
work horse of the industry, still supply the largest poundage. 

The coming of phenolics was not the signal for the be- 
ginning of the molded closure trade, however. There were 
some fundamental defects in the available material that 
would not be cleared up for a matter of almost 20 vears. 


* President, Boonton Molding Co., Boonton, N. J., and President, So- 
From a paper delivered before the Packag- 


ciety of the Plastics Industry. 
ing Institute, Nov. 2, 1944. 


In the middle ’20s the price of the raw molding compounds 
slipped down to 28¢ per Ib. and the trade began to stir with 
ideas about entirely new markets. Closures were still con- 
sidered to be one of the toughest to break into because of the 
price situation, but one type of closure seemed to show possi- 
bilities—tke collapsible tube cap. It was made of tin, and 
tin was costing the trade about 55¢ per Ib. with the available 
supply very uncertain because of the need for importing every 
pound that was used. Rumors in the trade had it that the 
price would very likely advance before very long. With the 
specific gravity of tin over five times that of phenolics, with 
phenolics priced at 28¢ per Ib. and tin at 55¢ per Ib. the molder 
actually had ten times the difference in price to play with in 
his production costs and profit comparing his finished costs 
to the cold raw material value of the tin caps without any fab- 
ricating costs. This certainly looked like a most comfortable 
margin and several molders got the idea simultaneously. 

I don’t remember how we at Boonton got on the band 
wagon, but I do remember very distinctly going down to the 
Peerless Tube Co. in Bloomfield, N. J., and borrowing a 
threaded punch and engraved top section of a standard tin 
forming tool they had, bringing it back to the shop, building 
a simple steel ring around it and making exact models of the 
tin cap they had previously been using. We immediately 
went uptown to the local drugstore, bought a sample of every 
package put up in a collapsible tube, and proceeded to price 
the caps according to the number of tin caps in a pound at 
55¢. Then we started the rounds of the tube companies and 
the users of their tubes hoping to build ourselves a nice sub- 
stantial business. Unfortunately, our merchandizing sense 
was not up to our engineering alertness because some other 
bright molder was always ahead of us with lower prices and 
we never did catch up with him. We finally gave up in dis- 





DECEMBER °* 1944 


gust without getting into the trade at all. Since that date 
the molded collapsible tube cap trade has assumed very sub- 
stantial proportions, and many of the tube makers themselves 
have gone directly into molding. 

This taste of a standardized product in the closure field 
was all the trade needed to turn their eyes to the real possi- 
bility of making larger closures and during the next few years 
more and more special designs were brought out. In the be- 
ginning the general practice was to sell the closures on the 
same basis as ordinary molded parts were sold; that is, as 
special molded parts. Soon, however, some of the more en- 
ergetic molders were bringing out something approaching a 
standard line with standard outside designs. About 1930 the 
metal closure trade began to take notice of this intrusion into 
their private hunting grounds and took over the distribution 
of the entire production of some of the molders. It was, of 
course, a very short step from distributing the output of a 
factory to taking over the actual manufacture in their own 
plants. Two or three did just this, very shortly. 

The next milestone in molded closure history came with 
the repeal of the prohibition amendment. The very rumor 
that the liquor situation would be cleared up launched a de- 
mand for 28-mm. molded closures that turned the trade com- 
pletely upside down. The quantities asked for were so enor- 
mous, and the scheduling carried on so far into the future 
that everyone turned to the largest possible molds and for 
the first time had a chance to tool up for the lowest cost of 
production. The use of molded caps for the liquor trade 
soon brought out another defect in the phenolic cap that 
seemingly had been ignored up to then. The combination of 
phenol, formaldehyde and a catalytic agent such as ammonia 
makes a new material called a resin. This resin under the con- 
tinued application of heat hardens and becomes infusible. 
Unfortunately, not all of the various basic materials are 
needed to complete the reaction, and even after the molding 
operation there may be some trace of one or all of them in the 
finished product. Ordinarily such traces do not make the 
slightest difference to anyone. They are buried in the body 
of the material and never have shown any signs of corroding 
molded-in inserts or any objects in contact with them. You 
can, however, smell them, especially when you have a large, 






MODERN PACKAGING 





and closely packed concentration of them, such as you would 
have if you packed some three thousand 28-mm. caps in one 
carton. The only way I can describe that smell is to suggest 
the combination of a hospital and the ground floor of the 
Madison Square Garden when the circus is there. 

This was a problem that was promptly gone into by the raw 
material suppliers and present-day molded materials are so 
close to being odorless that they could be classed as perfectly 
satisfactory. As a matter of fact, under proper conditions 
they are far more odorless than such ordinary household 
things as glass, stone, wood or steel. A standard test that I 
have watched with a raw material manufacturer is taking 
six Mason jars, putting just a wee bit of distilled water in the 
bottom of each and then immersing in the water various 
standard items, such as a piece of clean quartz or gravel, a 
piece of clean wood, a piece of clean iron and a molded cap. 

After the jars have been closed and left over night the 
cover is removed and the spectators are blindfolded and re- 
quested to identify the contents. It is surprising how diffi- 
cult it is to recognize simple things of this type that theo- 
retically have no odor. The molded cap is so close to being 
neutral that blindfolded no one could possibly pick it out. 

One of our distilleries has a quality control test where they 
actually soak the cap in whiskey for a period of about 48 hours. 

They then give small samples of that whiskey and of a 
standard whiskey, which has not been presumably contami- 
nated, to people for tasting, in such order that they cannot 
know which are the test samples and which are the standards. 

It’s really a matter of imagination, under ordinary circum- 
stances, that anyone could possibly identify the whiskey 
which had the molded cap in it. This seems to me to be a 
very extreme test, but when the cap passes it satisfactor ly it 
is something that we can be quite proud of. So, we can con- 
sider that the question of odor, unless some very delicate per- 
fume is used—which is certainly not the case in whiskey— 
will pass the test. 

The raw material makers soon turned out special closure 
materials. They all but eliminated the odor, found dyes that 
would not leach under the touch of alcohol, and turned their 
attention to the strength factor. Repeal really set the molded 
closure business on its feet from the point of equipment, and 


2—Closures of thermosetting 
materials are molded at high 
speed on this battery of 
fully automatic presses, 


shown in the Boonton plant. 











¥ 
# 


vould 
1 one 
ggest 
f the 


e raw 
re so 
ectly 
tions 
ehold 
hat I 
aking 
n the 
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Up. 

t the 
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theo- 
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ours, 
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tami- 
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cum- 
iskey 
be a 
‘ly it 
con- 
 per- 
ey— 


osure 

that 
their 
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, and 


tting 
high 


sses, 


lant. 











3—Standard device used for testing strength of plastic caps. It has certain faults. 4—Components of con- 
ventional tester (broken cap, foreground). Torque is applied to cap in chuck, indicator shows breaking point. 


very possibly in the comsuming trade also. It took some 
pretty good salesmanship to convince the packager that it 
was worth while dressing up the top of his container with 
such an expensive contraption as a molded closure. He 
bought specially shaped bottles, put on expensive labels, 
hired designers to wrap eye appeal all over his package. But 
a fraction of a cent more on the cap was too painful to be 
lightly endured. 

The distillers were in a spot where the dressing of the pack- 
age was more or less necessary. None of them had much to 
talk about as to age and inbuilt qualities of their product. 
Their best hope was a really outstanding package, and there 
the molded cap was a natural. With side designs and their 
trademark on the top, many in bright colors, they were some- 
thing very easily remembered by the buyer. Whether the fact 
that molded closures do not corrode and stick had anything 
to do with influencing their choice, I can’t say. I do know 
that many of the juices we do casually place in our stomachs 
every day will eat nickel plating and destroy with the utmost 
of ease many of the substances we consider as having quali- 
ties of durability. Perhaps this observation ties back to the 
man who wouldn’t drink water because it rusted iron, whereas 
alcohol did not. 

In the last ten years molded closures have really come of 
age and have been recognized as a distinct and important 
branch of the molding industry. They are now approaching 
the billion per year mark, and will probably exceed this after 
war restrictions on men and materials are removed. This 
may seem small, even if somewhat annoying to the metal 
closure trade, but it is very substantial business to the plastic 
trade, which with all the glamor and publicity it has received 
during the past years is distinctly not a tonnage industry. 

A very natural development of this expansion in market 
has been the invention and perfection of a series of fully 
automatic machines to produce these closures. These ma- 
chines are unique in a business of the complexity and variety 
of molding where quantities are usually not too large on 
repetitive production. Automatic machines, of course, mean 
lower prices and so the cycle goes on. 

[t has always been a bit hard for the molder to understand 
why the difference of a fraction of a cent per package could 
make anyone continue to use a metal closure with its naked 
thread spoiling the appearance of an otherwise nice-looking 
finish. The answer comes when the buyer looks at his budget 
at the year’s end. The difference between $2 and $5 per 


thousand is $3 per thousand, or less than one-third of a cent. 
If a million caps are purchased yearly, however, the difference 
becomes $3,000 per year, and becomes rather painful. 

During all this time, the only standards in the trade came 
from the use of the Glass Container Assn. prints on the 
bottles, GCA-400 and 425. Each molder tried to make his 
caps about five one-thousandths of an inch over the maximum 
allowed on those prints. The tolerance for the glass is plus or 
minus twenty-five thousandths, and imposed a problem on 
the molder that was only solved by the fact that all the glass 
houses worked to the mean dimension and seldom if ever went 
as low as the minimum. Phenolics consider plus or minus five 
quite liberal on a one-inch diameter. Having to fit a bottle 
with a permissible variation of fifty thousandths was asking 
alot. No one, so far, has proposed a standard set of molded 
cap dimensions for everyone to tie to. That is definitely one 
step that should be taken. 

So far I have been talking as though phenolics were the 
only plastics available for closures. It is true that they com- 
prise the largest single class used for that purpose. Another 
thermosetting material that came out about 1930, urea, has 
been widely used, and is interchangeable with phenolics as 
far as mold equipment is concerned. Phenolics are based on a 
brownish colored resin and therefore do not lend themselves to 
compounding in pastel colors. Ureas are based on a water- 
white resin and are ideally suited to fill this field of delicate 
colors. They are more expensive as raw materials of molding 
and, because of the fact that they are of value by virtue of 
their light colors, are more expensive to mold. 

I used the term thermosetting a moment ago and it might 
be helpful to explain it. All plastics fit into one of two behav- 
ior patterns. The thermosetting group is distinguished by 
the fact that under the application of heat it undergoes a 
chemical reaction and hardens. Under the further applica- 
tion of heat it will not soften again. Its opposite number, the 
thermoplastic group, wi!'l soften under heat and harden 
again when cooled, repeating this cycle almost indefinitely. 

This quality of being thermoplastic has its advantages and 
disadvantages. The advantage is that materials of this type 
are usually tough and strong. Caps made of them would be 
able to conform to uneven glass without breaking or tearing. 
The counter disadvantage is that because they will soften 
under heat they will also creep under pressure. When they 
are tightened up on a bottle they will gradually ease away 
from the strain and may be continually taken up another 


DECEMBER °* 1944 119 








half turn or more, obviously a fatal defect for anything that 
is supposed to seal. 

Only one of the great group of thermoplastics can be trusted 
not to creep. That one is styrene, which has a very sharp 
curve of heat softening, resulting in very little if any creep 
under ordinary conditions. Since the technique of produc- 
tion and the manufacturing resources of this material have 
been enormously improved through the war years because 
styrene is a very important ingredient in Buna § synthetic, 
this material will swing a very heavy weight in the future of 
plastics and there are many people both in and out of the 
plastic trade wondering how much impact it will have on the 
closure end of the trade. For certain chem‘cals it has done 
an outstanding job but for others—simple ones like carbon 
tetrachloride and gasoline—it is no good at all. On many 
small caps it will probably take the lead; on large ones, and 
especially on caps for cosmetics, with their mysterious and 
complicated contents, phenolics and ureas will hold their place. 

The unyielding nature of the present day raw materials for 
closures may be of value in the elimination of creep, but 
these materials introduce embarrassing conditions if the glass 
is in any way off standard. If the thread of the bottle is out 
of ‘round, if the two halves do not match, if there is a sharp 
edge protruding on the contact surface—there are many other 
ifs that may cause the cap to break on application. If the 
capping machine chuck is too tight or isn’t cushioned at the 
bottom of its stroke, the cap may break. Metal caps will 
yield and deform to take up many defects of the bottle thread 
that will be fatal to a molded cap. 

The custom today, as in the past, when excessive breakage 
is reported on molded caps, is for the supplier to make every 
effort to show that the glass is defective, and that the fault 
does not lie with the molded closure. No one has a standard 
of strength by which the caps can be acceptably tested and 
accepted or rejected by themselves. Perhaps I shouldn’t 
make quite so strong a statement as to say no one. Let’s 
rather say that everyone has his own standard, which makes 
it even more confusing. Certainly no buyer of molded caps 
can specify the required strength of his purchases and test 
them against such a standard when received. He has no 
means of determining whether one supplier has thinned his 
wall sections down to the danger point in order to put in a 
lower competitive price, or whether that supplier has so per- 
fected his process and his raw materials that the thinner sec 
tion may be entirely justified. 

Let's, therefore, take a look at the way caps are tested for 
strength today. I definitely do not pretend to have surveyed 
the trade in presenting the story that follows, and if I can 
stir it up to denials of my statements and consequent publi- 
cizing of other methods I will be quite satisfied. 

The regular method of test duplicates the application of 
the cap to the bottle and merely keeps screwing it tighter and 
tighter until the cap breaks. The torque applied at the time 
of break is either measured directly in in.-lbs. or set up on a 
comparative index. The apparatus we have used for this 
purpose (Figs. 3 and 4) is simply a steel pin, which duplicates 
the bottle thread, a chuck to engage the outside of the cap, 
and a hand wheel attached through a torsion device to the 
chuck. As the hand wheel is turned, the cap is tightened on 
the pin and a small indicator shows the pressure applied. 

The point at which the indicator stopped necessarily indi- 
cates the strength of the cap, at least on an index if not ab- 
solutely. It could be easily determined that if it stopped at 
50, a cap was amply strong, whereas if it stopped at 40 when 
the cap broke,the cap would be in the twilight zone, and prob- 


120 MODERN PACKAGING 











ably not strong enough to stand up under normal strain. 

This would seem to be a perfectly fair way of testing the 
caps because it seems to be the same thing that happens when 
you apply the caps until you come to realize just one thing. 
The reason the cap breaks is because-the thread of the cap is 
sliding down on the thread of the glass with a result very 
much like a wedge being driven between the top of the cap and 
the side walls of it, tending to tear the top off. The difficulty 
comes in by the fact that if such a wedge has grease on it, it 
will translate an infinitely greater proportion of the applied 
torsion to the strain factor that tends to break the cap. 

If, on the other hand, the surface of the thread in the cap or 
the surface of the thread in the glass were rough, a great deal 
of that applied force would be eaten up in friction of these two 
parts sliding together, and therefore the strain that was 
finally applied to the cap, tending to break it, would be 
proportionately less of the applied strain. 

We have many times in the past proved this, so that we 
finally talked about the apparent strength of the cap and the 
actual strength of the cap. We actually proved that if we 
sand-blasted the threads on the cap mold, or on the cap itself, 
we could have an apparently stronger cap and one that would 
probably pass almost any test you would want to put on it, 
although the cap was exactly the same and the ultimate 
strength of the cap in the cross sections that were put under 
strain were exactly the same. 

This means that if an inspector happens to put his hand on 
the steel pin on which the cap is threaded for the test, enough 
grease would be taken off his hand to lower the apparent 
strength of the cap, as indicated on the torsion tester, as 
much as 50%. If, on the other hand, the inspector took a rag 
and carefully wiped the pin clean so that no grease or lubricant 
was on its surface, the friction of the two parts screwing to- 
gether would eat up enough proportion of the applied torque 
so that the apparent strength immediately goes up. 

In the early days of plastic molding of bottle caps it was 
standard practice to tumble the caps as they came from the 
mold, in order to remove the flash. A secondary operation of 
tumbling was usually put on with shoe pegs and wax in order 
to get a high luster on the surface. 

It was soon found out, however, that it was impossible to 
keep the threads themselves on the inside of the cap from 
also being polished with a high luster and coated with wax. 
This put a great deal more strain on the side wall and showed 
up a lower apparent strength, so waxing had to be stopped. 

The next step was to swing to the other extreme of sand- 
blasting the pins in the mold, but that made it so difficult to 
mold the caps that the advantages were cancelled out by the 
extra cost of the molding operation. 

After playing around with this sort of a torque testing 
machine for a few years we finally decided that something 
had to be done about it. We figured that this torque testing 
machine did not actually test the cap as though it were in 
operation on a bottle and decided that we would duplicate 
the pressure applied to the cap after its installation. 

The obvious way to do this was to take that same threaded 
pin on which we had been screwing the cap and put a loose 
pin up through the center of it, which would be of the same 
diameter as the inside diameter of the bottle itself which was 
shown on the GCA-400 prints. 

The cap would be screwed home and then pressure put on 
this loose pin to simulate the pressure of the contents of the 
bottle. The natural way to do this was a pivoted lever, like 
an ordinary bar scale, on which we could move out a weight 
and as it moved out a measurable pressure would be exerted 






















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5—-New tester which, it is be- 
lieved, more accurately simu- 
lates actual bottling, has 
pivoted lever, like bar scale, 
which forces movable pin 
through shaft against cap (left) 


with measurable pressure. 


on the inside surface of the cap. We found this worked very 
nicely and we were able to set up a scale of values which 
would not be affected by the condition of the pin on which 
the cap was screwed. 

Obviously, this took away from the question of the strength 
of the cap any question of the irregularities involved in the 
bottle, because we felt we had a right to assume that the cap 
must have certain intrinsic strength regardless. 

We have not attempted to evaluate these figures that we 
have gained in the form of inch-pounds pressure, although if a 
definite specification should ever be drawn up this step should 
be taken, but we have had them in index figures which are 
probably peculiar to our own machine and its ratio of 
lengths between the fulcrum and the weight which is apply- 
ing the pressure, and the fulcrum and the center of the pin 
which is applying the pressure to the cap itself. 

We have found out a few things that are very interesting, 
however, mostly in our field work—which is a nice way of 
saying chasing down breakage complaints. 

There are bottle capping machines, mostly used by the 
liquor suppliers, which operate at the rate of 120 a minute. 
There are other machines that operate at the rate of 90 a 
minute, and, of course, many put the closures on by hand. 

We know definitely that there is a band of caps, we'll say 
from 400 index figure up, which will work satisfactorily on 
even the fastest machines. We find that from 350 to 400 the 
cap will be amply strong to operate on the 90 per minute 
machines but there will be a breakage of about 3% on the 120 
per minute machines. There is a band from 300 to 350 which 
practically cannot be broken by hand at any time. 

The fact that the cap will break on the fast machine is due 
to the extreme difficulty of overcoming the inertia of the 
rapidly revolving chuck at such high speeds. Theoretically, 
the moment a cap on an automatic machine is touched by 
the chuck a down pressure is exerted on the top of the cap 
which rides the thread of the cap cleanly in between the glass 
threads with a minimum of friction. The cap stops revolving 
when the liner touches the top of the bottle and a certain 
regulated torque is applied. No strain is applied to the side 
walls of the cap until the chuck is lifted and the force con- 
tained in the compressed liner is released. 

There is a friction clutch between the revolving chuck and 
its driving mechanism that is set to allow a compression of 

the liner which would otherwise be set by the friction of turn- 
ing the cap on freely without the down pressure. 

The faster the production of the capping machine. the 
faster the speed of the chuck. There is inevitably a certain 
weight in that chuck and, therefore, a tendency for the chuck 
to keep revolving after the desired compression has been 


reached. Evidently, at 90 bottles per minute the chuck can 
be stopped without over-run. Above that, the tendency to 
over-run cannot be controlled as smoothly and the forward 
movement has a chance to jam the threads together in that 
wedging action as well as compressing the liner. 

The action is about the same as if you should tighten a nut 
to the desired point and then hit the wrench with a hammer. 

It is, of course, desirable that the material manufacturers 
tighten up their specifications so that every bit of material 
that comes through to us will be entirely satisfactory for the 
worst conditions, which are encountered in the operation of 
120-per-minute bottling machine. 

Under the present conditions, however, we cannot be too 
choosey about the material we get, and it would be an excellent 
thing to have a definite means of determining under exactly 
what conditions any given material can be used. 

After the war we are assured of strength enough to take care 
of any pressure that may be reasonably applied in the as- 
sembling of these caps to the bottles. 

The molding trade expects to establish a technical commit- 
tee to investigate this question of strength in caps with the 
special idea of establishing definite means of testing caps. 
The prime purpose, of course, is so they can improve their 
product; but a secondary, and perhaps just as important a 
purpose, is so the purchaser of the caps can check them on 
arrival and decide whether they are up to his standard. At 
the present time no standards can be set and everything has 
to be taken on faith with the result depending on the argument 
mentioned above as to who is to blame. 

A question has also been raised in some people’s minds to 
the possibility of the absorption of water, or moisture by the 
cap, loosening that cap so that it can be continuously tight- 
ened up. If moisture is absorbed—and I can assure you that 
it is in the nature of such a small amount that it will not 
cause any trouble by binding—it is a physical fact that there 
is only one way for that cap tochange. When moisture is ab- 
sorbed on the inside of a hole the hole becomes smaller and 
does not and cannot become larger. 

When moisture is absorbed on the outside surface of the 
cap, that in turn swells, but both surfaces will move away 
from the unaffected inside body of the cap. It is a physical 
impossibility for a cap, even if it did absorb moisture, to 
loosen up. It would tend to become tighter and jam on the 
bottle. Hundreds of tests have been made along these lines 
and molded caps have received a complete green light on this 
count. If you have had a case where a cap actually has 
loosened up, even though you do suspect moisture, we would 
suggest that you investigate possible collapse of the liner. 

The liner is acting as a spring on (Continued on page 162) 


DECEMBER °* 1944 121 









Polyethylene .. . its packaging possibilities 


by C. S. Myers* 





A important and entirely new group of plastic materials, 
called polyethylene resins, is a recent development of | 
Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp. Today, because of their 
extraordinary electrical properties, most of the production | 
of these resins is used in applications essential to the war. A 
similar quantity will eventually be available for commercial 
use. 

To the packaging field, these polyethylene resins will offer 
a number of characteristics and advantages of great interest 
and outstanding value. Polyethylene transparent film, for 
instance, has an extremely low vapor-transmission rate and 
low water absorption. It is unharmed and unaffected by sub- 
mersion in boiling water. Notably, too, it can be heat-sealed 
so that the joints are as strong as the rest of the film. An- 
other value in the merchandising realm is that polyethylene 
resins in all their forms can be produced in a full range of soft 
pastel shades and intensely brilliant colors, as well as clear Jj 
sheeting and film. 


PEN SEPTOR MPN NE GE 


General Description 


Polyethylene resins are essentially straight-chain polymers 
of ethylene, produced by the direct polymerization of liquid 
ethylene at high temperatures and pressures. They are § 
horny, thermoplastic, translucent materials which are in- 
herently flexible. Being crystalline in structure, the tensile 
strength of the fabricated members can be increased by 
orientation and cold working. They soften at approximately 
105-110 deg. C. Only one standard grade of this resin is now 
produced—‘‘D-55.”’ Numerous grades are practicable, how- 
ever, and for the requirements of individual applications the 
plasticity and brittle temperature can be varied consid- 
erably. Table I summarizes the physical properties of poly- f 
ethylene resins. 





Forms and Methods of Fabrication 


Polyethylene resins can be produced as injection molding 
and extrusion materials; as sheets and films; and as coatings, 
solutions and emulsions. Generally speaking, they are fab- 
ricated in the same way and with the same equipment as the 
vinyl chloride-acetate resin plastics. 

Molding. Polyethylene resins are molded in accordance 
with standard compression and injection procedures for ther- f 
moplastic materials. Their high co-efficient of cubical ex- : 





pansion and contraction, however, calls for special attention 
to the mold design when close tolerances are required. 
Extrusion. The usual plastics equipment serves for the 
extrusion of polyethylene resins. Operating procedures, too, 
are similar to those employed with other thermoplastic mate- Ff 
rials though, again, the high co-efficients of thermal expansion 
of these new compounds must be taken into account. Modi- 


i 


* Of the Bakelite Corp. 








1—Calendered polyethylene film in 4 mil thickness makes 
good wrapping foil—strong, moisture-resistant. 2—Typi- 
cal raw form of polyethylene resin, capable of manu- 
facture into tough translucent packaging materials with 
unusual characteristics. 3—Containers that are form- 


stable in boiling water can be fabricated by blow-molding. 


MODERN PACKAGING 














































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ers* 


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TABLE I—PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE RESINS 





Grade Designation D-55 to D-145 








Specific gravity.............. 0.92 
Stiffness, lb. per sq. in. 
Sal SEE eee EERE eR PT 18,000 
I hostess sided 30,000 
EP 5 al hai ssivoiisl «Bienes 66,000 
a isa rca callin aysies 160,000 


Vield strength, lb. persq.in... 1,450—1,825 
Tensile strength, lb. persq.in.. 1,425-3,150 
Ultimate elougation, percent.. 300-600 

Brittle temperature, deg. C... —50tobelow —70 
Tear strength, lb. per sq. in... ..450—700 

Abrasion volume loss (Stand- 


ard B Rubber = 100%).... . 85-85 
Hardness Durometer Type D. 52-54 
Flammability... ..... 0.2.0.6: Slow burning 


Moisture transmission con- 

stant, (1° mil thick film), 

grams per day persq.meter. 3 
Water absorption, per cent wt. 

gain, 24 hr. at25°C........ 0.01 
Softening temperature, deg. C...105—110 
Cubical coefficient of expan- 

sion per deg. C. at 


Ci, ois SSA mn ee 750 X 10-6 
Volatility, per cent wt. loss 72 
i a ge Oe 0.0 
Power factor, 50 mc........... 30 X 1075 
Dielectric strength, volts/ 
milat 26° C.*......6css6s. 1000-2100 
Dielectric constant, 50 mce.....2.29 
Solubility................... Insoluble in all common sol- 


vents at temperatures below 
50-60 deg. C. Soluble in 
chlorinated solvents, ali- 
phatic hydrocarbons and aro- 
matic hydrocarbons at ele- 
vated temperatures 


* 20 mil thickness. 





fied extrusion die design permits exceptionally high extru- 
sion rates. 

Heat-Sealing and Welding. Many of the heat-sealing 
methods used in joining vinyl resin films are quite satisfactory 
in the fabrication of polyethylene film and sheeting. Care 
must be taken in choosing the sealing temperature, because 
of the sharp softening of the material between relatively 
small temperature intervals. Thin films protected with glass- 
ine paper can be sealed readily with a hot iron. 

Large parts made from these resins can be welded with a 
gas-welding torch employing a low flame. Strong welds which 
are pleasing in appearance are easily produced, making pos- 
sible a wide variety of applications. 

Cementing. In the light of preliminary trials, it is suggested 
that pressure-sensitive cements and hot-melts be used as 
seaming and bonding agents for polyethylene sheets and 
films. Cements involving resins and volatile solvents are 
considered unsuitable. 

Machining and Polishing. (Continued on page 158) 


4—Cloth can be coated in pastel shades or in brilliant 
colors with pdlyethelene resins. 5—Calendered sheeting 
can be produced which has a comparatively smooth sur- 
face. Films and coatings also have been produced experi- 
mentally by the casting method. 6—The sheeting can be 


embossed by using any conventional embossing press. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 


Gas transmission measured by volumetric method 


by H. Russell Todd* § 





ere types of plastic sheets and laminations are now 
used in the packaging of merchandise. Fibre containers 
for food products often include plastic wrappers, liners or 
bags in their assembly. The plastic covering is most com- 
monly used as a protection against moisture-vapor penetra- 
tion. Protection against atmospheric oxygen, however, is 
also often quite important. In the case of foods, oxidative 
changes may often result in rancidity, discoloration and loss 
of flavor and nutritive value. 

Methods of measuring mocisture-vapor transfer have been 
developed and even standardized in some industries. Only 
recently, however, has much attention been paid to the estima- 
tion of gas transfer rates. Some early work was done on meas- 
uring the permeability of rubber balloon fabrics to gases. 
Edwards and Pickering (1920) at the Bureau of Standards 
used a gas interferometer for this purpose. The fabric was 
sealed between two chambers; one of the chambers was 
slowly swept out by the test gas, e.g., hydrogen, while the 
other chamber was continuously swept out by a reference gas, 
usually air. The rate of the gas transmission was calculated 
from the difference between the refractive index of the pure 
reference gas and the refractive index of the reference gas con- 
taining the test gas transmitted through the fabric. Unlike 
the gas interferometer, the ‘‘Fabric Permeameter’’ (1943) 
utilizes the difference between the thermal conductivity of the 
test gas and air for measuring gas transmission. This appara- 
tus was designed principally for examining relatively porous 
membranes such as coated and impregnated fabrics. 

Morris and Street (1929, 1931) studied the effect of various 


* Research Department, American Can Company, Maywood, Illinois. 
The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Mr. G. J. Krueger 
for his assistance in obtaining a part of the data presented here and to Dr. 
W. M. Martin for his encouragement and guidance during the work. 





MODERN PACKAGING 


This is one of several works currently in 
progress on measurement of gas trans- 
mission through plastic packaging mate- 
rials. Dr. Todd’s method differs from some 
previously described in that it uses volu- 
metric rather than manometric measure- 
ment. Rates of transmission are given. 


conditions on the permeability of rubber to air. In their ap- 
paratus the air, under pressure, passed through the rubber 
membrane into a partially vacuumized portion of the cell, 
which was connected to a manometer. Mineral oil, rather 
than mercury, was used in the manometer to increase the 
sensitivity, and the rate of drop in the manometer was taken 
as an index of the rate of gas permeability. 

Smith and Kleiber (1944) have described a method of meas- 
uring the rate of oxygen penetration into pouches used for 
food packaging. Although rather complicated in design, the 
method consists essentially in flushing out the pouch with 
nitrogen gas and then determining the percentage of oxygen 
in the pouch at the start and again at the end of the diffusion 
period. The accuracy of the measurement depends mainly 
on the accuracy of the gas analysis. 

Elder (1943) and Schuman (1944) have described a method 
involving principles similar to those which will be discussed in 
this paper but differing in certain respects. Their apparatus 
was designed to measure the gas transmission of film mate- 
rials of low permeability, such as plastic sheets, by means of a 
manometric method. Briefly, their apparatus consists of a 


1 


1—Photograph of apparatus 
used for volumetric measure- 
ment of gas_ transmission 
through the various types of 
and films. 


plastic sheets 


"4 











iT ap- 
‘ubber 
e cell, 
rather 
se the 

taken 


meas- 
ed for 
mn, the 
n with 
oxygen 
ffusion 
mainly 


nethod 
ssed in 
aratus 

mate- 
ms of a 
ts of a 


paratus 
easure- 
mission 
ypes of 

films. 


RS NNN Spates eed 
SAB Peet Sits see ae 














METAL STOPCOCK 


9—This diagram shows as- 
sembly of components of FUNNEL 
gas transmission apparatus 
which uses volumetric instead 


of manometric measurement. 


cell opening downward into a short capillary tube, which, in 
turn, is attached to an upright, closed manometer. This part 
of the assembly is highly vacuumized while the upper part 
of the film may either be left open to the air or may be en- 
closed and the air replaced by another gas. The rate of per- 
meability of the gas through the film is indicated by a differ- 
ence in mercury levels in the capillary and manometer 
tubes. 

The method which has previously been discussed (see ref.) 
and which will be described herein differs from Elder and 
Schuman’s method in that it utilizes the- volumetric rather 
than the manometric principle in the measurement. The 
volumetric method offers some advantage by the fact that 
the test proceeds under a constant pressure differential and 
the gas transmission rate is constant throughout the duration 
of the test. 

If a differential in the pressure of a gas is maintained across 
a plastic sheet, the gas, if transmitted by the sheet, will pass 
from the high to the low pressure side. This will occur if a 
chamber on one side of the sheet is vacuumized while a cham- 
ber on the other side of the sheet is maintained at atmospheric 
pressure. A change in volume on the high pressure side may 
easily be indicated by the movement of a column of mercury 
or other suitable liquid through an attached horizontal glass 
capillary tube of known cross sectional area. The sensitivity 
of the apparatus is increased by having the volume of gas on 
this measuring side of the sheet as small as possible. 


Apparatus 


The above principle was utilized in constructing the ap- 
paratus which will be described. The instrument is shown 
in Figs. 1 and 2. The chamber on the right hand side of Fig. 2 
has a volume of 500 cc. while that on the left has a volume of 
approximately 10 cc. The large chamber is vacuumized, 
while the small chamber is maintained at atmospheric pres- 
sure. This differential in gas pressure in the two chambers 
results in the movement of gas through the sheet being tested; 
consequently, the column of liquid in the horizontal capillary 
tube moves in to displace the gas transmitted from the small 
chamber. The volume of gas transmitted is thus measured 
directly. Since it requires the transmission of only about 2 cc. 
of gas to move the liquid column through the length of the 
graduated capillary tube, the pressure differential remains 
practically constant during the test. 

The two parts of the apparatus, which face against the 


GAS TRANSMISSION APPARATUS 








RUBBER PRESSURE TUBING 
GLASS CAPILLARY TUBE 


HOKE NEEDLE VALVE 


BOURDON VACUUM 











PLASTIC SHEET 
FILTER PAPER 
LIGHT PERFORATED DISK 


HEAVY PERFORATED DISK 







plastic sheet, are bolted together. Rubber gaskets between 
the metal and plastic surfaces provide a gas-tight seal. A 
Bourdon vacuum gage is attached to the closed end of the 
large chamber to indicate the pressure differential. The 
vacuum is drawn through a needle valve attached to the cham- 
ber. Two perforated metal disks fit into the open end of the 
large chamber to support the plastic sheet. The heavy disk 
has '/; in. perforations; the light disk 1 mm. perforations. 
A piece of filter paper is placed on top of the light disk to 
protect the plastic sheet from contact with sharp edges. 

The left half of the assembly consists of a heavy metal disk 
having a circular section '/3. in. in depth cut in its inside 
face. This cut section is 3 in. in diameter and coincides with 
the inside walls of the large chamber. Its purpose is to pro- 
vide a space for gas on that side of the plastic sheet over the 
area under test. A short metal capillary tube projecting from 
the center of this disk is joined to a glass capillary tube 31 in. 
in length by means of thick-walled rubber tubing. The other 
end of the glass capillary tube is formed into a small glass 
funnel which is turned upward so that a small column or 
globule of mercury or other liquid may be introduced into the 
capillary to serve as an indicator for the movement of gas 
through the plastic sheet. The glass capillary, which has an 
inside diameter of 1.8 mm. is graduated horizontally with a 
millimeter scale. A metal stopcock provides an opening 
through the metal disk. This stopcock is set at an oblique 
angle so that gas forced into it will flush out the small inside 


TABLE I.—EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND SHEET 
THICKNESS ON TRANSMISSION OF AIR THROUGH ETHYL CELLU- 














LOSE 
Thick- | Tempera- | Q, transmission | 
ness, ture, | rate, cc./100 sq. | 1/Q X 
inch “. | Humidity | in./24 hr. 108 
; _ | }___ sa 
.0191 98 | Moist | 27 .28 | 36.7 
0098 98 | Moist | 46.40 | 21.6 
.0033 98 Moist | 141.2 | #4 
0011 98 | Moist | 354.4 | 28 
0193 | 98 | Dry | 49.71 20.1 
0098 9 6| )«6CDry:”—Ssid| 83.72 11.9 
0033 98 | Dry | 262.5 | 3.8 
0014 98 | Dry | 565.2 . a 
0190 34 | Dey | 20.48 | 48.8 
0100 34 | Dry 35.46 | 28.2 
.0034 34 | Dry | 117.7 | 8.5 
DECEMBER ° 1944 125 











gas volume and pass out through the glass capillary. It is 
used for the purpose of introducing gases other than air. 


Procedure 


The apparatus is assembled by placing the 500-cc. cylindri- 
cal chamber in a ring stand, open end up. If the test is to 
run in a moist atmosphere, a moistened piece of blotting paper 
is placed in the cylinder. If a dry atmosphere is desired, a 
cheese cloth bag filled with anhydrous calcium chloride is used. 
The perforated metal disks, filter paper and plastic sample are 
placed on the top end. The other part of the apparatus is 
then placed in position and bolted down tightly. This forms 
the two chambers referred to in the discussion of the appara- 
tus. The plastic samples are conditioned in a closed vessel 
over water or in a desiccator over anhydrous calcium chloride 
for not less than 12 hours before testing. 

After removing the assembled apparatus from the ring 
stand, it is placed in a horizontal position and a vacuum 
slightly higher than 25 in. of mercury is drawn through the 
needle valve. It is then placed in a constant temperature 
cabinet and upon reaching equilibrium temperature, the vac- 
uum is adjusted to exactly 25 in. of mercury, the pressure 
differential arbitrarily chosen for all of the tests. When the 


3—The impedance values of ethyl cellulose to air are 
shown to be proportional to thickness of the material. 


IMPEDANCE VERSUS THICKNESS OF ETHYL CELLULOSE 
























































at 
< <a 
A e es 
Sy oo 
we) et 5, 
= a) .») af b 
bd al T 
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pt 98 
| IN\33 
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THICKNESS ” 





test is conducted in a moist atmosphere, a column of water is 
used as indicator in the graduated capillary tube, while for the 
dry state, a column of mercury is used. In the latter case, the 
capillary tube and accessory parts of the apparatus are flushed 
out with dry air, the air being introduced through the stop- 
cock and discharged through the capillary tube. The air 
or other gas is dried by passing it through a tube filled with 
anhydrous calcium chloride. By these methods the tests 
may be run with either dry or moist air on both sides of the 
plastic sheet. 


Results 


The effect of temperature, humidity, and sheet thickness 
on the rate at which ethyl cellulose transmits air is shown by 
the data in Table I. The transmission rate has been ex- 
pressed as cc. of air per 100 sq. in. of film per 24 hours. It will 
be noted that ethyl cellulose in a dry atmosphere transmits 
air almost twice as rapidly as in a moist atmosphere. In- 
creasing the temperature from 34 deg. F. to 98 deg. F. accel- 
erates the rate of transmission. 

Some investigators have expressed the rate of moisture- 
vapor transmission in terms of impedance. Impedance is 
defined as the reciprocal permeability. Where there is a 
proportionality between impedance and thickness, the im- 
pedance values are additive. The impedance values of ethyl 
cellulose to air multiplied by 1000 are shown in the right hand 
column of Table I. In Fig. 3 these values have been plotted 
against thickness. The resulting graph is a good indication 
that the impedance of ethyl] cellulose is proportional to thick- 
ness. 

The air and carbon dioxide transmission rates of various 
plastic sheets at 98 deg. F. are shown in Table II. It is in- 
teresting to note that vinylidene chloride, regenerated cellu- 
lose, rubber hydrochloride, and cellulose acetate transmit air 
more rapidly in a moist atmosphere than in a dry atmosphere. 
Oswin (1943) has stated that there is about 5% linear expan- 
sion when dry regenerated cellulose film is wetted and Morton 
(1935) has estimated that the pore size of regenerated cellu- 
lose is 5A in the dry state and 20A in the wet state. The 
transmission rate of carbon dioxide was considerably greater 
than that of air in all cases where a comparison between the 
two gases was made. 

The specific permeability of the various films is shown in 
the right hand column of (Continued on page 160) 





TABLE II.—AIR AND CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSMISSION RATES AND SPECIFIC PERMEABILITIES OF VARIOUS PLASTIC SHEETS AT 98 DEG. F 





| 


| 


Thickness, | 


l 
| 
| 
| 








Material inch | Humidity 
Vinylidene chloride | .0015 | Dry 
Vinylidene chloride .0015 | Moist 
Vinylidene chloride | .0201 Moist 
Regenerated cellulose .0013 | Dry 
Regenerated cellulose 0015 | Moist 
Rubber hydrochloride .0019 Dry 
Rubber hydrochloride | .0019 | Moist 
Cellulose acetate .0212 | Dry 
Cellulose acetate .0214 Moist 
Cellulose acetate .0201 Moist 
Polyethylene | .0186 Moist 
Polyethylene .0186 | Moist 
Ethyl cellulose 0193 | Dry 
Ethyl] cellulose .O191 Moist 
Ethyl] cellulose .0206 Moist 








| | Specific 
| Transmission permeability, 
rate, cc./100 sq. cc./sq. cm./min./ 
| Gas | in./24 hr. cm. thickness 
Air | 2.16 .009 X 10-6 
Air 4.72 .019 
CO; | 15.44 . 853 
| Air | .88 .003 
| Air | 33.07 .131 
| Air | 7.20 .037 
Air | 17.76 .092 
Air | 2.97 | . 169 
Air | 9.54 | 558 
CO, | 179.7 | 9.87 
| Air | 16.97 | . 863 
| COs | 198.2 | 10.1 
| Air 49.71 2.62 
| Air | 27.28 1.42 
| CO. | 464.3 26.1 





126 MODERN PACKAGING 











traelan Koh 



























EEL nites hema y bla 


Nott toe. 














Is Your Bottling Problem 
Similar To Any Of These? . 





SAMCO JR. VACUUM FILLER — one of several Pneumatic 
Filling Machine Models for uniform dripless filling of free- 
flowing and semi-free-flowing liquids into bottles, cans, and jars. 









If It Is — call on Pneumatic to make an analysis of your 
bottling production requirements. 

There is good reason why Pneumatic machinery is being used 
for bottling these products and hundreds of others. The efficiency 
of Pneumatic Pre-War Bottling Equipment speaks for itself. 
Because of an alert and active Engineering Research Staff, one 
can look for even greater performance records from Pneumatic 
Bottling Machinery in the days ahead. 

It will pay you to get the facts zow about Pneumatic’s ‘‘Lower 
Cost Per Container’ bottling equipment for any bottling problem 
you may have. — Pneumatic Scale Corporation, Ltd., 82 
Newport Ave., North Quincy 71, Massachusetts. Branch Offices: 
New York 6, Chicago 1, San Francisco 11, Los Angeles 13. 


PNEUMATIC 


PACKAGING & BOTTLING MACHINERY 


DECEMBER °* 1944 





OUESTIONS and 








This consultation service on packaging subjects is at your com- 
mand. Simply address your questions to Technical Editor, Modern 
Packaging, 122 East 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y. Your name or 
other identification will not appear with any published answer. 


Cloth coating methods 


QUESTION: We read with interest the story, ‘‘Laminations,” 
in the July and August MODERN PACKAGING. We feature a 
line of cloth labels used on Army and Navy contracts which re- 
quire a resin coated material. We would prefer to be in a post- 
tion to coat this material ourselves rather than to send the cloth 
long distances for coating operation. We are interested in your 
opinions as to the pros and cons of various cloth coating methods. 

We have been informed that knife coating has the advantage of 
applying a smoother and a more uniform coating than 1s pos- 
stble by other means and that roll coating tends to leave ridges. 
We have a good compressed air supply and would like your 
opinion as to the use of spray guns for coating but we understand 
that spraying leaves minute spots and globules. We would 
appreciate any information you could give us to guide us in 
applying these resinous solutions to cloth correctly. 


ANSWER: Your understanding of the general characteris- 
tics of the various cloth coating methods described in your 
question is substantially correct. Primarily, the advantage 
of knife coating is that it permits the use of coatings of rela- 
tively high viscosity whereas in a spray- or roller-type opera- 
tion you would necessarily be forced to reduce the viscosity 
and, correspondingly, the solids content of the solution. Asa 
direct result of this, your drying problem will be more dif- 
ficult. Let us say, for example, in the knife coating opera- 
tion you could operate using a solution carrying 45% solids at 
which level the viscosity of the material would be high. In 
order to get coverage effectively by spraying, the solids would 
have to be brought down to approximately 10-15% by 
weight. Obviously, your drying problems are more serious, 
for in the first case you would have only 55 parts of solvent 
to evaporate and in the second you would have 85 parts. 

Roll coating of cloth presents similar difficulties. The con- 
centration of solids in solution must necessarily be reduced in 
order to insure good coverage, prevent ridges and eliminate ex- 
cessive trapping of air in the coating. As the solution viscos- 
ity is lowered, penetration will increase ultimately resulting 
in a stiffening of the goods and increasing the cost of the 
product. The increase in cost is accounted for by the fact 
that an extra amount of solids is required to build up the de- 
sired kind of surface film. 

Customarily, a leveling device (rotating roll, or stationary 
bar) is employed to remove entrapped air and level the coat- 
ing. These devices are effective and highly successful in 
certain applications. However, for cloth coating the use of a 





128 MODERN PACKAGING 


leveling device would increase penetration considerably as 
pressure is needed to spread the coating smoothly and this 
naturally results in forcing the coating into the interstices 
of the cloth. It is evident therefore that the disadvantages 
of the roller coating and spraying methods for cloth coating 
are too numerous to provide a satisfactory finished product. 

Knife coating using a high viscosity material would give 
you little penetration and more of the material would be re- 
tained on the surface. Knife coating at the same time pro- 
vides continuity which is not obtainable readily by spraying. 
Furthermore, sprays are apt to clog and have to be serviced 
frequently whereas knife coating is a very simple cleanup job. 

There are several companies manufacturing more or less 
standard equipment for knife coating which can be modified or 
adapted for your particular problem. I suggest that you 
look up the manufacturers of coating equipment and write 
them for more details as to cost, size and the specific applica- 
tions of their equipment. 


Water-vapor permeability specifications 


QUESTION: Is there a complete description available of the 
equipment and method used to run the motisture-vapor proofness 
test required on Army Specification 100-14A, Method II? 
The specification seems to avoid carefully all reference to a 
method and we have not been able to find any likely leads to this in- 
formation. 


ANSWER: When Army Specification 100-14A was written, 
there was no detailed specification or testing procedure 
governing the method of measuring the water-vapor perme- 
ability. Most branches of the service were in accord on the 
general levels of transmission and the temperatures at which 
they should be made and so only this limited information was 
included in the manual. 

Since 100-14A was issued, there are several Government 
specifications which describe in exact detail the procedure 
for determining water-vapor permeability. One of these is 
AN-C-67A, a copy of which you can obtain by writing to the 
Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, Washington, 
D. C. You should also obtain a copy of MODERN PACKAG- 
ING, November 1942, which also gives some additional 
details of a method of measuring water-vapor permeability. 
Another complete description of a suitable test procedure is 
contained in the Tentative Standard T 464 m-44 by the Tech- 
nical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, 122 East 
42nd Street, New York 17, N. Y. 


i 
: 
ed 
Ly 



















































stint SARS a asia sabes pal . 


| Helping to protect a 
_ | precision instrument now... 


A crystal-clear window pro- 
tecting the face of a precise 
instrument is one of many 
essential wartime uses for 
Eastman Acetate Sheet. 





‘ | The sparkling face of a 
retail displayer. tomorrow 


f the 
ness 

II? 
to a 
S$ in- 


tten, 
dure 
rme- 
1 the 
thich 
1 was 





ment 
»dure 
se iS 
o the 
gton, 


This prewar counter displayer 
forecasts one of many im- 
Portant peacetime tasks for 
KAG- Eastman Acetate Sheet. 

ional 
ility. 
re iS 
fech- ff 





=| EASTMAN 









ASTMAN Acetate Sheet presents many possibili- 
ties to forward-minded fabricators. It not only 
helps produce packages that protect the contents from 
handling... but, more important, it turns packages and 
selling fixtures into miniature show windows—display- 
ing merchandise at its best and adding toits sales appeal. 
This is due largely to the excellent optical qualities 
of Eastman Acetate Sheet. It’s clear...entirely free 
from distortion ... and it’s versatile. Eastman Acetate 
Sheet fits into virtually any package design. It can be 
scored, folded, pleated, fluted, molded, or drawn. It can 
be sewed, crimped, stapled, cemented. It takes printing 
inks without wrinkling. 

All production of Eastman Acetate Sheet is currently 
devoted to essential war uses. However, when peace- 
time distribution resumes, it will again be supplied in 
either sheets or rolls...in clear transparent, colored 
translucent, or matte translucent. 

You'll want to investigate the potentialities of East- 
man Acetate Sheet...experiment with it now. The 
Kodak Packaging Laboratory is available to members of 
your staff for practice in fabricating Eastman Acetate 
Sheet...Eastman Kodak Company, Chemical Sales 
Division, Rochester 4, N. Y. 


ACETATE SHEET 


attracts - protects « sells 


DECEMBER °* 1944 































Season's Greetings 





We extend Season's Greetings 


i 


for the merriest Christmas 

and the happiest New Year 

Americans can possibly enjoy 

while our boys are still away. 

Although sobered by the stringencies of war, 

we must preserve the spirit 

of our holidays... as this spirit 

is one of the things 

for which our men and women are gallantly fighting, 
so that the glow of Christmas 


and the light of Liberty 


may always shine brightly throughout the world. 


STANDARD-KNAPP CORP. | 


MANUFACTURERS OF CASE SEALING, CASE PACKAGING, AND CAN LABELING MACHINES ‘ 
FACTORY and GENERAL OFFICES—PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT 4 


570 Lexington Avenue 221 North LaSalle St. 145 Public Square 300 Seventh Street 
NEW YORK 12, N. Y. CHICAGO 1, ILL. CLEVELAND 14, OHIO SAN FRANCISCO 2, CALIF. 


430 S. San Pedro Street 3224 Western Avenue 1208 S. W. Yamhill Street Paul Brown Building 
LOS ANGELES 13, CALIF. SEATTLE, WASH. PORTLAND 5, OREGON ST. LOUIS 1, MO. 


Windsor House, Victoria Street, LONDON, ENGLAND 








MODERN PACKAGING 








Clear as spring water — you can see right through to 
the core — that’s “FILMONIZE” Transparent TAPE! FILMONIZE SETS NEW STANDARDS 


e@ Easy to use... strips easily from roll. 


We welcome comparisons. Take a yard or a roll of © Me *esthek”. neue... or wate. 
“FILMONIZE” Transparent TAPE, place it beside the = ° Seals without water. 

‘ vee e Widths from 4” to 18” throughout the 
TAPE you now use and you'll see the difference. einai i 
“FILMONIZE” SELF-SEALING TAPE speaks for itself. 


Call your local distributor for a demonstration today. 
He can deliver “FILMONIZE” SELF-SEALING TAPE in 
quantity for all industrial or commercial uses. 


i/monize 


TRADE MARK REG 


SELF-SEALING TAPES ‘ 
INTERNATIONAL PLASTIC CORPORATION 


MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY 


DECEMBER °* 1944 




























4 
4 
4 





1S) For WARNERCRAPT PRODUCTS: 
Celt Bridgeport 4-0101 Now York Ashlond 41108 


A champion in the ring is not made overnight. Behind that 
success is a long record of training and experience. Into the 
training must go brains to develop control of the punch. Into 
the experience must go repeated knocks to prove that the 
“stuff” is there, — that the man can take it. 

A box is like that too. Warnercraft containers have behind 
their neatly finished look 55 years of designing and making 





better boxes. Warner laboratory engineers have put in the 
brains needed to solve thousands of packaging problems. This 
world-wide war and its multitude of transportation demands 
has only served to contribute the knocks, — the rigorous testing 
to prove that Warnercraft can take it. 
Warner Craftsmen are available to consider post-war package 
problems, and their years of experience with materials of less 
bulk, less weight, greater strength and increased eye-appeal are 
at your disposal in making these plans. A Warnercraft survey of 
your needs now will put you in readiness for a leading position | 
after V-day. 


Makers of set-up and folding boxes of all types, transparent acetate 


containers, hand made specialties, counter displays and dispensers. 
THE WARNER BROTHERS COMPANY 
Main Office and Factory: 325 Lafayette Street, Bridgeport, Conn. 


New York Sales Office: 200 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 






MODERN PACKAGING 


“THE FINEST WORD IN PACKAGING” 

















THE TECHNICIAN 


First, Shellmar technicians 
visit your plant and make 
a personal study of your 
packaging, handling and 
production problems. 

















- 
THE ENGINEER 
Second, Shellmar engineers 

7 submit your product to 
extensive laboratory test- 
ing in conjunction with va- 
rious functional materials. 

: 

at 

the 

_— Third, Shellmar package 

_ designers create a color- 
ful and eye-appealing de- 
sign to insure maximum 

ind attention to the product. 

ing 

the 

‘his 

nds 

Hing Into every successful package must go the services of these three . .. . the technician, the engi- 

neer, the designer. For each plays a vital part . . . . each contributes his particular skill and experi- 

age ence. Here at Shellmar our actual production is still largely devoted to war but these three 

haa important package planning services are immediately available. Why not call in Shellmar now? 

are 

ry of 

tion |} 





\ 224 S. Michigan Ave. 

\ COMPLETE CHICAGO, ILL. 

\’ ,GInG Se 

¢ %, MOUNT VERNON, OHIO 
. ™ PASADENA - CALIFORNIA 


3115 Empire State Bldg. 


PRODUCTS COMPANY NEW YORK, N. Y. 


TO INDUSTRY 


CONVERTERS OF CELLOPHANE, PLIOFILM, CELLULOSE ACETATE, SARAN, FOILS, PAPERS, GLASSINE, LACQUER COATINGS, VINYLS 





DECEMBER °* 1944 133 





INC. 
Museum 
of Early 
American Plastics 


WATERBURY PLASTICS 


When Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre of France perfected his photographic 
process in 1839, he little thought that it would lead to the development of a 
great American industry. Yet, out of the need to protect the sensitive Daguerreo- 


type from fading, composition cases of remarkable beauty were created and 
that was the start of Plastic Molding in this country. 


Waterbury Companies, Inc., then known as The Waterbury Button Company, 
in those pioneer days made buttons, mirror frames, checkers and dominoes of 
plastic material. Later on they molded quantities of phonograph records. Since 
those early days, newer plastics have been developed and their use has expanded 


into hundreds of industries, and countless applications now enter into our daily 
lives. 


Today, Waterbury Companies, Inc., serves American Industry with a wide 
variety of plastic products, as well as with metal parts, lighting fixtures, buttons, 
toys and metal sundries. 


Manufacturers working with this versatile company enjoy the advantages and 
economies that come from having their metal and plastic parts made in one 
plant under one responsibility; molded together when required, or assembled 
in complete units. 


Look to this progressive company for your plastic and metal needs: Six complete 
manufacturing divisions, three laboratories, experienced engineers, designers 
and technicians are ready to serve you. When writing address Dept. J. 


BUY MORE WAR BONDS... . HASTEN VICTORY 





WATERBURY COMPANIES, INC. 
Formerly Waterbury Button Co., Est. 1812 


WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT 





MODERN PACKAGING 








FOR CONTAINERS SUBJECT TO 















MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE EXTREMES 











} 





phic 
of a 
rreo- 
and 


pany, 
es of 
Since 


= FOR A WATER-RESISTANT GUMMED TAPE 








wide | SOLSEAL Tape is manufactured by 


tons, — : en 
[ YOU are shipping paper or paper products to government the following companes: 


depots and warehouses, you are undoubtedly aware of U. S. Atlantic Gummed Paper Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


sand | Ordnance specification AXS-1213 under which the use of water- The Brown-Bridge Mills, Inc., Troy, Ohio 
Central Paper Company, Menasha, Wis. 


led repellent tapes on certain shipments is now mandatory. SOLSEAL Edgewater Paper Company, Menasha, Wis. 
| Tape is made expressly to meet these specifications, recom- McLaurin-Jones Co., Brookfield, Mass. 
mended particularly for the sealing of interior waterproof Mid-States Gummed Paper Co., Chicago, Ill. 
plete | packages for overseas shipments. Nashua Gummed & Coated Paper Co., Nashua, N. H. 
gners | SOLSEAL Tape is applied in the same simple manner as regu- Renford Paper Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 
lar tape, using the same type of moistening dispenser. Special be weg nt hs - : 
Sol : . tad . oo Thomas Stationery Mfg. Co., Springfield, Ohio 
olseal Solvent, used as a moistening agent, is a non-inflam- i cece , . 
RY | mable, non-volatile, mixture of chemicals that will, upon wet- Ricenanl Oo een oud SEs Senne Se: Ree 


ting Solseal Tape, cause it to become waterproof. Get in touch Standard d Gummed Tape Co. 
with your McLaurin-Jones distributor immediately for sam- My. UR, Sap Aas 


ples, specifying weight required. Distributor in Canada 
Forest Products Corp., Montreal 


: * 
McLaurin-Jones of. 300 MacLaurin St., BROOKFIELD, MASS. 


Offices: New York * Chicago + Los Angeles 





DECEMBER °* 1944 







Designed for efficient 





ABC Automatic 


Top and Bottom | 
CASE SEALER | 


REDESIGNED AND S-T-R-E-A-M-L-I-N-E-D 

















Modern streamlined design . . . requires no operator 






ABC 
Cap Shrinker tion that practically eliminates “down time” . . . low 


... seals 30 cases per minute... extra-rigid construc- 











maintenance cost. Adjustable to these size ranges: 


The t hi illustrated above , : 
temas of the waey diversified 6” to 18” width; 8” to 30” length; 3” to 28” height. 


line ABC engineers are readying for the 
postwar market, including also: 


Hand Gluer 

Semi-Automatic Case Sealer 
Automatic Carton Sealers 

Top and Bottom Carton Sealers 
Tube Cut-off Machines 
Automatic Weighing Machines 
Volumetric Fillers 


Let the ABC Man 

‘‘engineer’” YOUR 

packaging require- . ; 

ments. Your inquiry so- 
licited. There 1s 
nocost or obliga- 
tion.Write today! 








136 MODERN PACKAGING 


itor 
ruc- 


low 


ges: 


ght. 


a 








d 


| Whatever's the BEST BAG FOR YOUR USE 


oe e- WEA make it! WHEN you buy your bags from Bemis, 


, among the important advantages you 


enjoy is this: You can buy whatever type 
















is best for your particular use—cotton, 
paper, multiwall, burlap or waterproof. 


Bemis is a leading producer of all 





types of bags and consequently has no 
reason to high-pressure you toward any 
one type. We have no favorites. If our 
experienced packaging specialists can 
help you to determine which is the best 
for your use, you may be sure that their 


analysis and advice will be unbiased. 


Whatever’s the best bag for your use 


...we make it.  s 


~~. 


BEMIS BAGS 


BEMIS BRO. BAG CO. 


we 
O@AICES * Baltimore + Boston + Brooklyn + Buffalo + C 
Chicagg * enver * oit * t ere ° ston 


tle « W ao + Wilmingt 


SBerreER BAGS SINZE 1858 
East Pepperell, Mass. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 














Smartly designed packages deserve smart, modern iden- 
tification. Investigate the unlimited effects in color and 
design obtainable with genuine Meyercord Decalcomania. 
Any number of colors, any design can be reproduced in 
any size —for application on glass, wood, plastic, glazed 
crockery, etc. Special production line techniques pro- 
vide speedy, economical application on flat or curved 
surfaces. The durability and permanent adhesion of : 
Meyercord Decals protect your brand-mark for the life —— soion Paimer, Inc, New York, N.Y. use 


this multi-colored Meyercord Decal 


of the product...and serve as permanent salesmen — randimark (brown, | yellow, | and _ red) 


on the smartly designed blond wood 


for repeat purchases. For full details write Dex. 411. "5" oe oe 











Back the Attach... Buy War Bonde | 
THE MEYERCORD CO. CHICAGO) 


Main plant and general offices: 5323 WEST LAKE STREET, CHICAGO 44, ILLINOIS 


Sales offices in principal cities of U.S. A., Mexico and South America 





MODERN PACKAGING 


















SAFER 


PROTECTION 
for Metal Products 






The photograph, above, shows fine precision-made 
assemblies, manufactured by the Jones & Lamson 
Machine Company for the Boeing B-29 Super- 
fortress, being wrapped in Sherman V-28 to protect 
their highly finished working parts against corrosion. 


pt + protection 
Corrosion, the Number 1 enemy of finely finished metal 
ta Veree Great Ways parts, meets its master in Method I* packing. And the 


safest paper for Method I packing is Sherman V-28. It’s 
: an At protective paper... surpasses all government spec- 
, ttra Gr cade 6700 4 notection ifications for Grade A* papers...PLUS 3 highly important 
: é ” advantages. Check these essential features, then try this 
super-safe protective paper in your packing room. .. and 
see the difference! 


the At Protective team 






Sherman V-28 provides extra greaseproof pro- 
tection that far exceeds government require- 
ments — 1800 seconds as against 400! 


It’s specially treated ... more than non-corro- 
sive, it’s anti-corrosive! 
, Wold Vukibitor 
s é 7 


Specially treated, too, for protection against 

the mold so dangerous in Pacific fronts. ' eee 
, Massachuse 

DISTRIBUTORS IN 121 MAJOR CITIES 


*U. S. specifications 100-15, 53-W-3, AN-P-12b (Type II) 








= 


SHERMAN 7 
MAKES AGREAT LINE \\e 
OF PROTECTIVE PAPERS 


) Sherman products include: top-strength 
6 »  Typel paper, and the light-weight Type 
III, in Grades A & C; Corroflex, the 
flexible-cushion wrap for safer inner and 
outer packing. Also “Economy Plus” 
products for baking and food packaging. 


ASK FOR YOUR COPY—IT’S FREE 


i 
a 
i 
; Gentlemen: 

3 Certainly, we’re interested in At protection! Send 
; free wrapping-size samples of V-28. Also, a free copy 
» of the new War-Packing Manual, Third Edition. 
: 

3 

§ 

’ 

1 

i 

4 

4 















DECEMBER °* 1944 139 








WASHINGTON REVIEW | 


by R. L. Van Boskirk 





« 





@ WPB Not Discouraging Reconversion 
Plans—Although Army and Navy officials 
have been soft-pedaling post-war plan- 
ning, WPB realizes that business execu- 
tives must look ahead. Too much talk 
about reconversion was misinterpreted, 
they know, and workers have been trying 
to forsake war-time jobs to seek civilian 
occupations. That of course gives war 
production a serious set-back, but in no 
wise does it exempt the top executives from 
getting ready for the changeover. 

WPB’s interpretation of the Reconver- 
sion Act of 1944 seems to favor return to 
open competition with full freedom for 
small and new enterprises. This is borne 
out by J. A. Krug’s memorandum to 
bureau and division directors on its appli- 
cation to WPB, sent out late last month: 

“‘(1) The expansion, resumption, or ini- 
tiation of production for non-war use must 
be permitted whenever it will not adversely 
affect or interfere with production for war 
purposes; 

‘(2) The form of existing orders and 
regulations need not be changed where no 
expansion, resumption or initiation of pro- 
duction for non-war use is involved; 

“(3) The fact that established concerns 
are not in a position to reconvert may not 
be made the basis, formally or informally, 
for denying permission to expand, resume, 
or initiate production for non-war use in 
the case of other concerns who are in a 
position to do so. 

“(4) Whenever existing base period 
quota orders are modified to permit in- 
creased production for non-war use, they 
must contain a provision stating that new- 
comers may apply for quotas; 

“(5) Even if an order is not amended, 
whenever production for non-war use is 
permitted to begin or is increased, no ap- 
plication for permission to produce shall be 
denied on the ground that the applicant 
was not in production during the base 
period. It is recognized that this will pre- 
sent some administrative problems but 
these will have to be worked out. New- 
comers’ applications must be given the 
same consideration as those from estab- 
lished firms; 

“(6) Whenever programmed produc- 
tion for non-war use is begun or increased, 
care must be taken to see that any small 
plant capable and desirous of partaking in 
the program is permitted to do so; 

‘““(7) Allocations of materials to small 
plants will be made under existing proce- 


140 





MODERN PACKAGING 


dures. When allocations are made for non- 
war use, care must be exercised not to allo- 
cate all of the material available for a 
given allocation period until either (a) ap- 
plications by small plants have been re- 
viewed and fair allocations made to those 
who show that they are capable of produc- 
ing the items in question, or (b) a reserve 
has been established for this purpose by 
the Industry Division Requirements Com- 
mittee after consultation with representa- 
tives of the Smaller War Plants Corp. 
Careful consideration must be given to 
estimates furnished by the Smaller War 
Plants Corp. to assure fair and equitable 
distribution of the material; and 

(8) A small plant is one which is en- 
gaged primarily in production or manu- 
facturing and employs 250 wage earners or 
less or comes within such other categories 
as may be established. Branches, divi- 
sions or subsidiaries of large corporations 
are not to be treated as small plants.” 

Charges have been made that spot 
authorization has been slowed down de- 
liberately in order to check the move to- 
ward reconversion. One WPB official says, 
however, that the manpower shortage is 
the explanation. For the most part, ma- 
terials scarcity is relieved sufficiently to 
permit resumption of civilian production 
allowed under the spot authorization plan, 
but lack of manpower acts as a check. 

In view of easing up of materials short- 
ages, especially the prospect of an over- 
supply of substitute containers, good ad- 
vice seems to be to go slow on piling up in- 
ventories of certain types of packages 
which have been developed to meet war 
situations. This opinion, expressed in one 
of the WPB divisions, was not echoed in 
the paperboard section. Prospects there 
are still pointing toward shortages. 


@ Contract Settlement Progress—First 
report of the Office of Contract Settlement 
to Congress, as required by the law which 
established that bureau, shows that to 
date items valued at 21 billion dollars and 
involving 37,000 prime contracts have 
been cancelled by the War and Navy De- 
partments and the Maritime Commission 
without any interruption of production. 
These cancellations have involved the 
settlement of 28,000 terminations, and the 
average time for settlement has been con- 
siderably reduced. “Some operating 
units,’’ says the report, ‘‘are now able to 
settle all but a few large claims well within 


six months after termination. .... Con- 
version from war to peacetime production 
need not be delayed by settlement.” 

Package fabricators are usually subcon- 
tractors, and producers of packaged mer- 
chandise sometimes are. When the 
Office of Contract Settlement was asked 
specifically what the provisions were 
for settlement of such contracts, the 
answer came: ‘‘They negotiate through 
their prime contractors.’ This applies to 
the plan for interim financing and partial 
payments during the period of settlement, 
and the procedure—again quoting the re- 
port—is as follows: ‘‘Subcontractors, as 
well as prime contractors, are eligible for 
these (partial) payments. As a general 
rule, subcontractors must apply through 
their customers, who may be prime con- 
tractors or higher tier subcontractors. The 
customer checks the application to deter- 
mine whether it is reasonable and allocable 
to Government work and transmits it up 
to the contracting chain. After approval, 
the contracting agency draws a check to 
the prime contractor who passes the pay- 
ment on down the contract chain. The 
Office of Contract Settlement and the con- 
tracting agencies are working on procedural 
modifications which will cut to a minimum 
the complications of this process.”’ 

‘In contract termination and settle- 
ment, where is the stoppage of production 
to take effect—at the beginning of the pro- 
duction process or the end?’’ Your re- 
porter asked this question at the Office of 
Contract Settlement, pointing out that 
packages and package material in many 
cases were made to exact Government 
specifications and were not at all usable for 
commercial purposes. The answer was to 
this effect: There is no hard and fast rule 
of procedure, but in instances of that kind 
each case must be negotiated individually. 
Sometimes the material may be salvage- 
able for other purposes, or partly sO, 
whereas in other cases it may be entirely 
useless. The intention of the OCS is to 
make individual adjustments in fairness to 
both sides. As was pointed out in this 
column last month, in the event that 
questions arise, first approach should be to 
the nearest local contracting office of the 
service with which the contract was made. 


@ FDA Fight Goes On—War conditions 
may have taken the spotlight off the Food 
and Drug Administration, but the task of 
that body is no easier during wartime, as it 




































HERE must be quick action... materials for 
charging fire-fighting apparatus must be avail- 
able for instant use. 


rast 


BEE ccciteisass, 


That is why Cole Laboratories, Inc., Long Island 
City, N. Y., package their Foam Liquid and Speed 
Foam Drench in Crown cans. Completely protected 
by Crown cans, Cole products are kept laboratory- 
fresh ... always ready for life—and property- 
saving service. 


ee ead 


———————_ee 
SN eat RS Maca bi? than dh 


CROWN CAN COMPANY 
NEW YORK « PHILADELPHIA 


———— 


Division of Crown Cork and Seal Company 
Baltimore, Md. 


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DECEMBER ®* 1944 








continues to operate first for the protection 
of the consumer and next for the protec- 
tion of the legitimate operator. In fact, 
war has brought new problems and abuses 
of packaging with which FDA must cope. 
Example: A gift package racket has 
reared its head in many places and victim- 
ized many parents and friends who want 
to send goodies to their service men and 
women. The racketeer will exhibit—in a 
department store or other outlet—a 
sample of a beautifully packaged collec- 
tion of cookies, candies and other delica- 
cies, for which the retail outlet takes orders 
and collects the cash, to be turned over to 
the racketeer—and the recipient gets a car- 
ton which has only a top layer of goods, the 
rest of the package being filled with 
shredded paper. The slick gift packaging 
outfits rely on two factors to assist them in 
getting away with murder: (1) the dis- 
tance to the camps to which these gifts are 
usually sent, and (2) the non-likelihood of 
the recipient sending a complaint to the 
friend or relative who sent him the pack- 
age. These racketeers are liable on several 
counts under the Food, Drug and Cosmetic 
Act: slack filling of containers; deceptive 
packaging and misrepresentation of value 
and contents. 

Another type of fraud which war scarci- 
ties have given birth to is the use of famil- 
iar packages and containers to distribute 
and sell phony products. Common one at 
first was coffee substitute, made by racke- 
teers who planned quick sales and quick 
get-away. Olive oil was another profitable 
game. Frauds were traced and checked 
through aid of trade associations who 
helped run down offenders who were dis- 
crediting entire industries. 

War shortages have been responsible for 
some of the ‘‘fringe’’ producers resorting to 
desperate measures in order to obtain 
something to sell and thus continue to do 
business. The Chicago Board of Health 
tipped the FDA off to the operations of a 
producer of packaged glacé fruits, such as 
candied orange peel, etc. 
gentleman 


This ingenious 
now languishing in a Federal 
cell—contrived to circumvent the shortage 
of citrus fruits by buying the garbage of 
the Great Lakes Training Station; picked 
out the orange and grape fruit peel, proc- 
essed and packaged them so that the 
questionable origin was completely dis- 
guised, and conducted a profitable busi- 
ness—till the FDA caught up with him. 
Another condition has developed, not 
through fraud or criminal intent, but due 
to manpower shortages; that is the storage 
of packaged merchandise in places where 
decomposition and spoilage produce results 
that menace the health of the consumer. 
The FDA reports excellent cooperation 
from top-ranking producers of packaged 
foods in its efforts to eradicate this evil. 
Technically, the producers are responsible 
only while they hold title to the goods; 
subsequent spoilage in the hands of the 
jobber or retail organization is the respon- 
sibility of those handlers. But anew trend 


142 MODERN PACKAGING 





seems to be manifesting itself: The pro- 
ducer has an interest in his branded and 
packaged goods beyond the period of his 
legal ownership of them; he wants those 
goods to reach the ultimate consumer in 
such shape that they will be purchased 
again and again in perfect confidence. The 
FDA under the law must bring its action 
in many cases against the producer of that 
packaged product, even though both sides 
realize that the producer is not primarily 
responsible. The primary purpose of the 
FDA is not to obtain convictions or jail 
sentences, but to safeguard consumer and 
legitimate producer; hence it has enlisted 
the cooperation of many important pro- 
ducers in the solution of the problem. One 
flour and cereal company whose branded 
packages are distributed internationally 
has developed an educational program of 
plant sanitation not only for its own or- 
ganization but for its warehouses, dis- 
tributors and retail customers. 

Future activity of FDA, it can be safely 
predicted, will stress its fight against filth. 
No new legislation will be needed—present 
laws are adequate; but FDA’s intention is 
to place its main reliance on educational 
measures as more important than legal. 


@ Future of Industry Advisory Commit- 
tees— Washington is talking about what to 
do with the Industry Advisory Committee 
set-up during the reconversion period and 
after the war. Opinions range from a de- 
mand for its permanent retention to one 
for its immediate dissolution. WPB will 
not comment. As one official said: ‘‘If we 
advocate dissolving the committees, people 
will say we are too eager to go home. If 
we advocate retaining them, they’ll accuse 
us of trying to perpetuate ourselves in 
office.”’ 

Fact is, in the opinion of this reporter, 
they have done a pretty good job, at least 
in connection with WPB. Their extent is 
shown by some figures gathered by Carl 
Monsees in his booklet ‘‘Industry-Govern- 
ment Cooperation. WPB enlisted 8,000 
businessmen to serve on Industry Advisory 
Committees. Nearly 4,000 were called by 
the OPA, 1,200 for WFA, and over 100,000 
on regional and local committees for the 
ODT. Participation of these business 
men, says Monsees, “‘is gradually bridging 
the gap .. . between the Government and 
private enterprise.” 

WPB was particular to get a pronounce- 
ment from the Attorney General back in 
1941 when Robert H. Jackson held the 
office, and again in June 1944 from Francis 
Biddle, so as to be in the clear in respect to 
violations of the anti-trust laws. The lat- 
ter, last July, authorized the extension of 
these committees to operate during the de- 
mobilization and reconversion days. 

How long this exemption will ‘‘stay 
put’’ is an open question, according to an 
opinion expressed by an executive of a 
national business association representing 
many different lines of production. This 
man indicated support of the theory of 


cooperation between business men and 
their Government through industry advis- 
ory committees, but said that business 
would be very indifferent to such a plan 
as long as there hung over them the men- 
ace of a reversal of position on the part of 
the Attorney General’s office. 

In World War I Bernard M. Baruch de- 
veloped the use of industry committees, 
and at the time of the Armistice about 400 
such committees had been organized, but 
they did not continue after the war. Pres- 
ent outlook is that WPB at any rate will 
continue their use during demobilization 
and reconversion as long as hostilities con- 
tinue, subject to the limitations outlined in 
1941 by Attorney General Jackson, the 
principal ones of which were: 

“Each industry committee shall confine 
itself to collecting and analyzing informa- 
tion and making recommendations . . . and 
shall not undertake to determine policies 
for the industry, nor shall it attempt to 
compel or to coerce anyone to comply 
with any request or order made by a public 
authority.” 

‘‘Any such committee should be gener- 
ally representative of the entire industry.” 

Attorney General Biddle added the fol- 
lowing: ‘‘If the members of the com- 
mittees should themselves privately agree 
on any plan or program or take part in any 
such private plan or program involving, 
directly or indirectly, the production or 
distribution of commodities, such a plan 
or program would be subject to the anti- 
trust laws.”’ 

Members of the packaging field have 
participated extensively in these various 
industry advisory committees, particu- 
larly in cooperation with WPB. What 
part they play during demobilization and 
reconversion, and whether they continue 
to operate after hostilities cease, is a ques- 
tion yet to be decided. Background in- 
formation can be had by reading Carl 
Monsees’ booklet, referred to above. 


@ Contract Termination Stop-Work 
Plan—Specific contribution which the In- 
dustry Advisory Committees will make in 
the next few weeks is outline of a procedure 
to determine when work stoppage should 
take place after cancellation notice is wired 
to contractors. General rule is to pull the 
switch on receipt of telegraphic notice, but 
that isn’t always advisable. 


@ Expansion in Container Use—Article in 
Department of Commerce publication by 
Edward J. Detgen, Acting Director of 
Container Division, WPB, places value of 
production of containers of all types dur- 
ing 1944 at $3,500,000,000 as compared 
with $2,000,000,000 in 1940. 


@ Modifications of Control Orders—M_-378 
has been amended to permit deliveries of 
paperboard without specific authorization 
from WPB. 

L-336 has been amended to increase the 
set-aside for paper (Continued on page 168) 






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Bomber flight engineers are the fellows who 
‘*keep ’em flying’?! It’s the flight 
engineer’s job to control the engines, fuel, and 
oil systems and to keep all—or any—of them 
in operation. Every deviation from normal 
registers on his panel and calls for specific ac- 
tion—fast and unerring. That takes training! 


The instruction device illustrated above en- 























—_ — cHicace — ul 
 — 


0 


ables an instructor to set up on the flight engi- 
neer’s panel every possible operating difficulty 
experienced in actual flight and combat. It 
simulates what happens when mistakes are 
made in remedial responses. This special de- 
vice trains flight engineers ‘‘on the ground.” 
So thorough is this training that only a short 
time is required to put the same principles 
to work in the air. 


* The engineering and manufacturing skills that produce this highly intricate 
special device will be applied after victory to solving, with special 
machinery, special problems of peacetime packaging and production lines. 


FRANK D. PALMER, INC., 


528 N. Western Ave., Chicago 12, Ill. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 








YU. 8. natent digest 


This digest includes each month the more important patents which are of 


interest to those who are concerned with packaging materials. 


Copies of pat- 


ents are available from the U. S. Pate7:t Office, Washington, at ten cents each 
in currency, money order or certified c:.eck; postage stamps are not accepted. 





Package, Packing Container, and Blank 
Therefor, E. M. Brogden (to president and 
directors of the Manhattan Co., New 
York, N. Y.) U.S. 2,359,297, Oct. 3. A 
merchandise display and carrying package 
comprising merchandise compactly ar- 
ranged in the form of a generally rectangu- 
lar prism. 


Package, Container, and Blank Therefor, 
E. M. Brogden (to president and directors 
of the Manhattan Co., New York, N. Y.). 
U.S. 2,359,298, Oct. 3. A display and car- 
rying package for consumer units of mer- 
chandise comprising a container formed of 
stiff flexible sheet material including two 
tubes overlapped at the top and bottom of 
the container. 


Container and Method of Making Same, 
K. Stuart & A. B. Wilson, Menasha, Wis. 
U. S. 2,359,335, Oct. 3. A container hav- 
ing a plurality of side walls and a bottom, 
said side walls being formed of a single 
length of sheet material bent transversely 
at a plurality of longitudinally spaced 
regions. 


Dispensing Package, J. G. Turek (to 
Chicago Carton Co., Chicago, IIl.). U.S. 
2,359,337, Oct. 3. An article supporting 
and dispensing unit for.a package, com- 
prising a paper-board member having a 
wall part comprising a pair of panels in- 
tegrally connected by an intervening panel 
adapted to be folded upon itself, and pro- 
vided with a plurality of flexible fingers 
adapted to normally support articles and 
to permit the withdrawal thereof. 


Heavy-Duty Bottle Carrier, W. A. Ringler 
(to The Gardner-Richardson Co., Middle- 
town, Ohio). U. S. 2,359,678, Oct. 3. A 
bottle carrier formed from a single sheet of 
board and comprising a bottom-forming 
part to each side of which is articulated a 
body-forming part, each body-forming 
part adapted to be disposed at right angles 
to the length sufficient to extend along one 
side of a row of bottles. 


Film Carton with Mailing Tag, B. C. 
Roehrl (to General Aniline & Film Corp., 
New York, N. Y.). U.S. 2,359,679, Oct. 
3. <A one-piece blank of sheet material 
comprising a section adapted to be folded 
in a conventional manner into the form of 
a rectangular box, said section having a 
plurality of panels forming the side walls 
of the box and necessary end closure and 
sealing flaps. 


Crown Rest, J. Kantor (to The Liquid Car- 
bonic Corp., Chicago, IIl.). U.S. 2,359,- 
561, Oct. 3. In a crowning machine, in 
combination, a reciprocating support, a 
crown rest carried at the lower end of said 
support having an opening therethrough 
to permit passage of the receptacle to be 
crowned through said support, means on 
said support for supporting a crown in 
position to receive the neck of the recep- 
tacle as it passes through said support. 


Crown Crimper, J. Kantor (to The Liquid 
Carbonic Corp., Chicago, Ill.). U. S. 


144 





MODERN PACKAGING 


2,359,562, Oct. 3. Ina crowning machine, 
in combination, a reciprocating support, a 
plunger mounted within said support and 
biased in its projected position, a crown 
rest carried at the lower end of said 
plunger and having a_bottle-receiving 
throat therein, and a secondary plunger 
carried by said first-mentioned plunger 
and movable relatively thereto by engage- 
ment with the bottle to be crowned. 


Device for Opening Lids Hinged to Boxes, 
G. Orstrom (to Arenco Aktiebolag, a 
joint-stock company of Sweden). U. S. 
2,359,576, Oct. 3. Ina device for opening 
lids hinged to boxes, means for conveying 
the boxes, a lid-opening member, and 
means for moving said opening member in 
a closed circular path around the path of 
travel of the boxes to catch the front edge 
of the lids and open said lids in transit. 


Filled Container Gassing Apparatus, P. E. 
Pearson (to Continental Can Co., New 
York, N. Y.). U. S. 2,359,671, Oct. 3. 
An apparatus with manifold plate having 
a duct therein supplied with a gaseous 
medium, means for conveying filled con- 
tainers toward a closing means with the 
open tops in close proximity beneath said 
plate, said plate having a gassing port 
therein opening from the duct through the 
plate bottom in position for directing a 
gaseous medium from the duct directly 
into head spaces in containers. 


Magazine Safety Razor, N. Testi (to Gil- 
lette Safety Razor Co., Boston, Mass.). 
U. S. 2,359,807, Oct. 10. A magazine for 
safety razor blades, comprising a base plate 
having an upstanding blade-locating rib of 
uniform cross-section from end to end. 


Dispensing Container, C. H. Duell (to 
Brisbane Box Corp., Detroit, Mich.). 
U. S. 2,359,832, Oct. 10. A shallow box 
adapted to contain a plurality of adjacent 
horizontal rows of articles to be dispensed 


Holder for Lipstick or the Like, H. A. 
Lindsey, III, & H. G. Long (to Allied 
Plastics Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.). U.S. 
2,359,865, Oct. 10. A tubular casing hav- 
ing a longitudinal bore, an article carrier 
slidably mounted in one end portion of said 
bore and having sliding bearing against the 
inner surface of said bore with cylindrical 
rotatable propelling member. 


Dispenser for Rolls of Strandlike Mate- 
rials, C. E. Mueller (to General Printed 
String Co., Milwaukee, Wis.). U. S. 
2,359,871, Oct. 10. A rectangular recep- 
tacle saving an opening provided with a 
flap closing the opening, one end wall of 
said receptacle normal to said flap termi- 
nating adjacent one end of said flap, of a 
roll of tying material in said receptacle and 
having a portion projecting therefrom be- 
tween the adjacent ends of said wall and 
flap, aid adjacent ends engaging said por- 
tion with a snubbing action. 


Container & End Closure Therefor & | 
Method of Making, B. F. Sir (to Williams 


Bros., St. Joseph, Mich.). U.S. 2,359,882, 
Oct. 10. The combination with a cylindri- 
cal container of fibrous material, of an end 
closure therefor, telescoping within the 
container and comprising a disk-like wall 
member of fibrous material and an annular 
rim member also of fibrous material closely 
embracing the edge of said closure wall. 


Divisible Carton, L. P. Grecco, Portland, 
Oregon. U. S. 2,359,986, Oct. 10. A 
divisible carton comprising a single-sheet 
flat blank cut scored and folded into a 
rectangular carton having bottom, sides 
and top with end and side folding flaps for 
the top, characterized by the end folding 
flaps for the top being doubled back out- 
wardly, and provided with cut-out handle. 


Article Holder, A. V. Langhofer, Rock 
Island, Ill. U.S. 2,359,999, Oct. 10. Ina 
pin-up article holder comprising a rela- 
tively stiff circular fabric plate having a 
concave form, with semicircular segment 
of a second relatively stiff fabric plate of a 
like form and arranged on said first-named 
plate with the edges thereof abutting the 
edges of first-named plate. 


File Box Closure, H. L. Fellowes (to 
Bankers Box Co., Chicago, Ill.). U.S. 
2,360,117, Oct. 10. A closure for a box 
composition, a pair of lateral top flaps 
associated with the upper edges of the side 
walls of the box. 


Holder, G. L. Reenstierna, Union City, 
N. J. U.S. 2,360,162, Oct. 10. Ina 
holder for a plurality of flat articles a rec- 
tangular top and hinge swingingly securing 
the long side of said top to the holder. 


Match Packet, E. E. Penter, Huntington 
Park, Calif. U.S. 2,360,270, Oct. 10. A 
match packet, consisting of a pair of par- 
allel splint combs including opposingly 
connected base portions, each having a 
series of upstanding splints with striking 
heads at their upper free ends, the base 
portion of which has chamfered lower fac- 
ing edges forming a groove with a friction 
material on one or more of the surfaces. 


Closure, W. W. Leary (to Armstrong Cork 
Co., Lancaster, Pa.). U. S. 2,359,924, 
Oct.10. A closure for receptacles compris- 
ing a cover, a skirt extending from the 
cover, fastening means in said skirt adapted 
to secure the closure to the receptacle, and 
lining material, and tacking adhesive on 
surface which contacts cover. 


Can Sealing Machine, W. D. Jordan (to 
American Can Co., New York, N. Y.). 
U. S. 2,359,766, Oct. 10. In a machine for 
treating and sealing filled containers, the 
combination of a substantially closed 
housing, a peripherally pocketed turret 
valve mounted within said housing and 
having means for rotating the same from 
a container receiving station first through a 
container treating station and thence to 
a container sealing station. 


Liquid Filling Apparatus, W. Pechy (to 
American Can Co., New York, N. Y.). 
U. S. 2,359,785, Oct. 10. A machine for 
filling cans with liquid contents, compris- 
ing a filling head adapted to receive a call 
to be filled and provided with vacuum 


’ chamber means. 


Closure Applying Machines, W. H. Newey 
(to Pneumatic Scale Corp. Ltd., Quincy, 








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Armstrong's 
Embossed-Top Corks... 
Prewar Quality... 
with Hardwood Tops 












F you've been looking for a dependable, sure-sealing closure that's 
easy to remove and replace, then you'll be glad to learn that Arm- 
strong’s Embossed-Top Corks are now in production in large quanti- 
ties. These are real prewar quality closures, with tops made from 
seasoned hardwood that won't chip, warp, or twist off. Their attractive 
designs and bright colors add distinction and individuality to stand- 
ardized wartime containers. 


Armstrong's Embossed-Top Corks are available in a variety of effec- 
tive stock designs, or can be made to order in your own individual 
design or trade-mark. 


Orders for these corks will be filled in turn, as received. We 
have been using the materials on hand to catch up with a large 
backlog of orders, but additional materials are now in prospect. This 
should enable us to produce substantial extra quantities of embossed- 
tops. So call or write your Armstrong representative and place your 
order for Armstrong's Embossed-Top Corks with him now. <= 
Or write direct to the Armstrong Cork Company, Glass and fA) 


Closure Division, 5912 Prince Street, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Sy 





ARMSTROMGS EMBOSSED-TOP CORKS 





DECEMBER °* 1944 











Mass.). U. S. 2,359,932, Oct. 10. A 
closure applying machine with a plurality 
of revolubly mounted closure applying de- 
vices arranged in spaced relation. 


Vacuum Closing Machine, M. E. Robinson 
& R. N. Henderson (to American Can 
Co., New York, N. Y.). U.S. 2,359,793, 
Oct. 10. A machine for vacuumizing and 
closing filled friction-top containers. 


Can Body Forming Machine, W. E. 
Rooney (to American Can Co., New 
York, N. Y.). U.S. 2,359,795, Oct. 10. 
A machine for reforming flattened tubular 
can bodies into cylindrical shape. 


Multiple Head Automatic Powder Filling 
Machine, C. F. Carter, Danville, III. 
U. S. 2,360,198, Oct. 10. A machine com- 
prising a station member, a container car- 
rier rotatable about said member and in- 
cluding a table and a dial, a hollow spacing 
member interposed between the table and 
dial, vertically spaced valve actuating 
cams fixed to the stationary member be- 
tween the table and dial, and filling means 
for the containers mounted on the carrier. 


Reclosure Carton, C. L. Gilbert (to Ameri- 
can Coating Mills, Inc., Elkhart, Ind.). 
U. S. 2,360,415, Oct. 17. A carton with 
body closed at one end by a plurality 
of flaps secured together in superposed rela- 
tion comprising inner flap and outer flap. 


Container, C. Z. Monroe (to The American 
Paper Bottle Co., Toledo, Ohio). U. S. 
2,360,439, Oct. 17. A self-supporting 
sheet paper container having a tubular 
body, and forming a rigid normally liquid- 
tight end closure. 


Dispensing Container, P. S. Bixler, West- 
minster, Md. U. S. 2,360,543, Oct. 17. 
A container with bottom and top portion 
equipped with lapping walls, there being 
openings in portions of lapping walls to 
provide an outlet within the walls. 


Merchandise Wrapping, W. L. Topolski, 
Chicago, Ill. U.S. 2,360,597, Oct. 17. A 
‘wrapper for an article of merchandise com- 
prising a seamless tubular casing of flexible 
material of length greater than article to 
be wrapped. 


Material Diffusing Head for Container 
Filling Machines, H. F. Briggs (to Consol- 
idated Packaging Machinery Corp., Buf- 
falo, N. Y.). U.S. 2,360,756, Oct. 17. A 
material distributing head for use in con- 
nection with feed nozzles of container fill- 
ing machines. 


Block-Bottom Closure for Multiply Paper 
Bags or Sacks, F. G. Robinson (to Paper 
Sacks Limited, Bristol, England). U. S. 
2,360,720, Oct. 17. A multiply paper sack 
wherein corners of triangular side flaps are 
folded under the adjacent portions of said 
triangular side flaps and the outer headed 
portion is folded and secured to the pre- 
viously folded headed portion with a fold 
at the triangular side flaps. 


Carton, R. V. Rosen (to J. Jakowsky Corp., 
a corporation of New York). U. S. 2,360,- 
806, Oct. 17. A carton from a single sheet 
of material with spaced inner and outer 
members forming a back wall, with right 
and left walls articulated respectively at 
the sides of the back wall. 


Apparatus for Packing Cement or the Like 
Material, R. P. Bushman (to St. Regis 


146 MODERN PACKAGING 








Paper Corp., New York, N. Y.). U.S. 
2,360,313, Oct. 17. An apparatus com- 
bining a valve bag filling and weighing 
machine. 


Apparatus for Applying Closures, R. E. 
Johnson & A. G. Anderson (to Arenco 
Machine Co., New York, N. Y.). U. S. 
2,360,423, Oct. 17. Apparatus for apply- 
ing headed closures to container compris- 
ing a tapered cage for supporting closure. 


Bagmaking Machine and Method of Pro- 
ducing Bags, J. L. Murry (to Pneumatic 
Seale Corp., Ltd., Quincy, Mass.). U.S. 
2,360,510, Oct. 17. A machine combining 
means for supporting an open-mouth bag, 
means for securing a string to the bag in- 
cluding means for operatively supporting 
a length of string, means for inserting 
string between walls of mouth of bag, and 
means for sealing mouth of bag. 


Filling Machine, C. E. Kerr (To Food 
Machinery Corp., San Jose, Calif.). U.S. 
2,360,565, Oct. 17. A machine for filling 
containers to a predetermined level. 


Apparatus for Partially Folding Contain- 
ers, C. L. Martin (to American Paper 
Bottle Co., Toledo, Ohio). U.S. 2,360,485 
Oct. 17. A mechanism for moving a con- 
tainer into position to be acted upon by a 
folding device. 


Carrying Case, M. S. Brockman, Cleve- 
land, Ohio. U. S. 2,360,931, Oct. 24. A 
carton comprising a pair of interconnected 
identical blanks of sheet material each 
formed to include a bottom wall, an end 
wall, an outside wall and an inside wall, 
equipped with handle connected to and 
forming an extension of partition wall. 


Box, H. C. Berry, Chicago, Ill. U. S. 
2,361,079, Oct. 24. A box for tools com- 
prising a rectangular body, with cover 
hinged to upper edges of sides. 


Locking Tab, N. A. Ringholz (to The 
Hinde & Dauch Paper Co., Sandusky, 
Ohio). U. S. 2,861,124, Oct. 24. Ina 
fibrous box having a front, back and side 
walls, a bottom closure hinged to the lower 
part of the back wall and bottom laps 
hinged to the side walls, and having front 
tab forming locking or closing device. 


Machine for Making & Filling Packages, 
W. B. Bronander, Montclair, N. J. U.S. 
2,360,846, Oct. 24. A package forming a 
feeding mechanism comprising a plurality 
of interconnected, spaced, hollow open- 
ended mandrels, and means for moving 
same step by step in a horizontal path. 


Filler Fixture, F. S. Van Ness, Mine Hill, 
N. J. U.S. 2,360,914, Oct. 24. A loading 
fixture for a vessel provided with three 
apertures, one of which is a filling hole and 
the other two are non-filling apertures. 


Article Feeding Apparatus, G. W. Carvey 
(to Aluminum Company of America, 
Pittsburgh, Pa.). U. S. 2,361,176, Oct. 
24. A cap-feeding apparatus comprising a 
cap magazine, means for retaining a stack 
of caps in said magazine, a cap-feeding 
chute adjacent said magazine for deliver- 
ing caps to moving containers, a suction 
cup for engaging and withdrawing suc- 
cessive caps from said magazine and de- 
livering the same to said chute. 


Wrapping Machine, W. B. 
Montclair, N. J. 


Bronander, 
U. S. 2,360,845, Oct. 24. 





A machine with means for cutting a trans- 
verse slit in a wrapper strip, means for 
superimposing a tear strip longitudinally 
on the wrapper strip across said slit, and 
means for bending the tear strip and ad- 
jacent parts of the wrapper strip into said 
pocket and means for cutting the tear 
strip and wrapper strip transversely. 


Container & Method of Manufacture, 
G. A. Moore, New York, N. Y. U.S. 
2,361,408, Oct. 31. A container for food 
products or the like, comprising a blank of 
thermoplastic material folded into tubular 
body, with reinforcing blank overlying the 
top. 


Dispenser, K. Waring, Forest Hills, Long 
Island, N. Y. U.S. 2,361,580, Oct. 31. A 
package comprising a container having a 
mass of small articles housed therein, the 
mouth of which is so small contents cannot 
be removed by hand but when inverted one 
article at time can be released. 


Dispensing Device, S. T. Bonilla, New 
York, N. Y. U.S. 2,361,594, Oct. 31. A 
dispensing device for personal use com- 
prising a pair of aligned receptacles one 
being partially nested within the other. 


Box or Container, K. T. Buttery (to 
Sutherland Paper Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.). 
U. S. 2,361,597, Oct. 31. A box or con- 
tainer with outer front, rear and end walls, 
said walls being aligned and hingedly con- 
nected in an integral blank. 


Collapsible Paperboard Box, S. L. Cohen 
& M. J. Margolies, Brooklyn, N. Y. U.S. 
2,361,603, Oct. 31. A rectangular collap- 
sible box having side walls, a pair of op- 
posed inner end flaps and a pair of opposed 
outer end flaps with pair of slots extending 
obliquely at an angle of 45 degree down- 
ward. 


Two Compartment Box, R. C. Potts, 
Takoma Park, Md. U. S. 2,361,650, 
Oct. 31. A two-compartment box, each 
compartment having a top loading end 
opening upwardly and being formed froma 
single blank. 


Box or Container, R. E. Smith (to Suther- 
land Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich.). 
U. S. 2,361,659, Oct. 31. A box or con- 
tainer whose vertical edge of the inner 
wall is adhesively secured to the inner side 
of the outer wall. 


Handle Forming Tape, J. A. Young, Salt 
Lake City, Utah. U.S. 2,361,673, Oct. 31. 
A tape compromising a roll of tape having 
two side portions throughout its entire 
length carrying adhesive and a multi- 
plicity of spaced apart rows of parallel per- 
forations. 


Tape & Label Dispenser, A. Avrick, New 
York, N. Y. U.S. 2,361,730, Oct. 31. A 
closed-in dispenser for a roll of tape. 


Receptacle, P. S. Hauton & J. W. Marlin 
(to Scripto Mfg. Co., Atlanta, Ga.). U.S. 
2,361,840, Oct. 31. A receptacle compris- 
ing a center panel, side panels folded 
around the marginal edges of the center 
panel, and adapted to overlap portions to 
form a pocket. 


Blade Container, E. A. Locke, Jr. (to 
The Nevins-Church Press, New York., 
N. Y.) U.S. 2,861,852, Oct. 31. A con- 
tainer formed with two compartments. 













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LABEL OVER-COATING 
PLASTICS LABELING 


FABRIC FAST-EDGING 


Experience shows that many amazing developments have 
resulted from the application of Resin Adhesives to pack- 
aging, converting and assembling operations previously 
thought to be at their highest level of efficiency. 


In bookbinding, for example, a resin adhesive has eliminated 
the age-old production bottleneck of drying speed: It is now 
possible to glue-off, then round and back books in 20 minutes 
instead of 3 to 4 hours. In packaging, a resin adhesive is 
giving important new moisture protection to cigarettes. In 
specialty bag making, a resin adhesive makes it possible to 
safely ship coal, asphalt, fertilizer and many other products 


in less expensive, more convenient containers. 


CIGARETTE PACKAGING 


PAPER BAG MAKING 


BOOKBINDING 








Note this carefully ...at National the solution of any 
adhesive problem is not limited to formulations of a single 
type or a limited group of resins. All types, both singly 
and in blends of high complexity, are employed. And each 
recommendation of a resin product must justify itself com- 
petitively with every other type of adhesive. 

You can safely rely on National...a specialist for half a 
century in all types of industrial adhesives and a pioneer in 
the development of synthetic resin adhesives ... to engineer 
the one exact bonding agent to your specific job. Inquiries 
are invited — Now! 

Offices: 270 Madison Avenue, New York 16; 3641 So. 
Washtenaw Avenue, Chicago 32; 735 Battery Street, San 


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EVERY TYPE OF ADHESIVE 


FOR EVERY TYPE OF ADHESION 


DECEMBER °* 1944 147 





Equipment and Malerials 





PORTABLE, FOLDING, DROP TESTER 


Designed to meet the need for a compact, portable device to per- 
form the drop tests required in various army and navy packing 
specifications, Carl F. Sprague, packing engineer of the Lamp 
Department of General Electric Co., Cleveland, has invented the 
inexpensive and easily operated device illustrated. It may be 


' 


mounted on any wall by means of lag screws and is so constructed 
that it may be removed without removing the screws. This fea- 
ture permits the changing of the height of drop without tools, as 
additional lag screws positioned previously provide different 
heights. 

To operate, the drop tester is mounted at the desired height and 
the platform opened to a horizontal position where a brace holds 
it. The test package is placed on the platform in the position de- 
sired. By pulling the trip cord, the brace is released, and the 
horizontal platform snaps from beneath the package to a position 
against the wall where it is held by alatch. The package falls to 
the floor and lands in the same position as placed on the tester. 

For edge drop tests, the V blocks may be turned to a vertical 
position and a package placed in the V thereby providing the 
proper positioning. Corner drops are likewise made by using 
these same blocks and positioning the package accordingly. 

The device folds flat against the wall when not in use. It 
should prove helpful in developing cartons that will assure the 
safe arrival of the product, and as soon as manufacturing arrange- 
‘ments are completed, the device will be available commercially. 


COLD PADDING GLUE 


A liquid plastic padding glue known as ‘‘Pliatab,’’ made by 
Paisley Products, Inc., Chicago, is available in two colors—red 
and white. The glue is said to form a flexible, non-tacky film 
which may be applied to edges of office forms, scratch pads, etc. 


Wide-mouthed quart- and gallon-size jars facilitate application 
by brush. 


TAPE DISPENSER 


Bauer & Black, Division of The Kendall Co., Chicago, IIl., have 
just announced an improved model of their Tapemaster which 
may be used for dispensing paper, cellophane or cloth industrial 


148 MODERN PACKAGING 


adhesive tapes. Of all-metal construction, this model is simpler 
to load—its cutting knife being attached to the rocker arm, which 
is now removable, and which grips the tape while the desired 
length is flicked off. Rolls of tape of any diameter larger than 1 
in. may be used, and the new suspension arrangement permits the 
use of tape in any size to a total tape width of 4 in. 


NEW RESIN FOR STEAM SET INKS 


A new synthetic resin binder which gives a carefully balanced 
water tolerance and excellent stability on the press rolls to the 
steam set inks—now widely used on liquid-tight paper containers, 
folding cartons and food wrappers—has been announced by the 
Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Known as 
Amberol 820, this synthetic binder is said to be a hard, high-melt- 
ing resin soluble in ethylene glycol, butanol, ether alcohols and 
aqueous ammonia. It is insoluble in water and aliphatic and 
aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Steam set inks have enjoyed widespread use in the packaging 
of many foods because of their elimination of offset, lack of odor, 
cleanliness, non-rub characteristics and unique sealing properties; 
and such inks containing Amberol 820 are said to be stable in the 
press rolls under humid conditions. 


DIPPING TANKS 


The widespread use of the “hot dip’”’ process for coating packages 
for overseas shipment has accelerated the development of dipping 
tanks specially designed for heating ethylcellulose coating com- 
pound. The Howard McNaughton Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., now 
have available a tank with extended area walls, graduated wall 
watt density and asemi-direct heatsource. The inside walls have 
recessed channel-like fluting and rounded corners, which makes 
possible a special wall heat distribution. Derated strip heaters 
send diffused, uniformly distributed heat through expanded 
metal screen to the exteriors. 

Castaloy Metal Sales Co., Detroit, Mich., has developed two 
processing tanks, which embody the two basic principles of direct 
and indirect heating methods, with a choice of either gas or 
electricity as the heating medium. A thermostat bulb, mounted 
within a special wall at the bottom of the tank, constantly controls 
the correct batch temperature. Another feature of this tank is 
its hermetically sealed vapor system. 


PILER AND STOCKER 


Island Equipment Corp., 101 Park Ave., New York, an- 
nounces a piler and stacker 
that will unload five to six 
hundred cases per hour. 
Simple to operate, the device 
can be operated from either 
side by a single-phase motor 
which permits raising and 
lowering operations. The 
upper section may be tilted 
as much as necessary for mov- 
ing into confined areas, and 
the device may be easily 
moved since it is mounted 
on swivel-type ball-bearing 
casters. Pendulum hangers 
or carton holders accommo- 
date all standard size canners’ 
cases up to 85 pounds in 
weight. The device is avail- 
able in heights from six to 
eighteen feet. 





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Plants and People 









James A. Stewart, vice-president of American Can Co., formerly 
in charge of packers’ can manufacture, has been appointed to 
head the new department which will 
focus all of the company’s extensive 
research, experimental, new develop- 
ment and marketing resources on 
assistance to canners, packers and 
manufacturers in connection with 
new products, new containers, new 
uses of containers and improved 
processes that will contribute to 
maximum postwar levels of produc- 
tion and employment. Russel C. 
Taylor, vice-president of general line 
manufacture, has assumed all re- 
sponsibility for container manufac- 
turing plants, both general line and 
packer’s. S. D. Arms has been ap- 
pointed general manager of manufacture and Edmund Hoffman, 
manager of the Industrial Relations Department. 





J. A. Stewart 


Reynolds Metals Co., at a luncheon for the press in the Jade 
Room of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York, introduced a new 
product made from aluminum foil which is expected to go on the 
market soon. It isa roll of aluminum foil similar to the familiar 
rolls of waxed paper and, like it, is intended for home use. Re- 
search is being carried on with this foil for packaging foods for 
home freezer units, community lockers and commercial processors. 


Clarence Howell, a machinist in the glass plant of the Armstrong 
Cork Co., at Millville, N. J., has been paid the highest award 
ever given by the company for an employee suggestion—$1,600. 
Howell’s idea serves to reduce waste and generally to improve an 
operation in the manufacture of wide-mouth food containers. 
During 1943 Armstrong employees submitted 6,254 suggestions 
and approximately one-third were rewarded. 


Sylvania Industrial Corp. has won an Army-Navy “E”’ for the 
fourth time in less than two years. 


Herbert Bayer, modern designer of packages, among other 
things, has again opened his New York studio after seven months 
of familiarizing himself with the J. Walter Thompson organi- 
zation. He will provide complete art work for Thompson and 
others. 


Minerva Wax Paper Co., which celebrated its 25th anniversary 
recently, has announced its new address which is Room 945, 
Union Commerce Bldg., Cleveland 14, Ohio. 


Marvin P. Yates, broker announces the removal of his offices to 
Rooms 1601-1603 Arcade Bldg., St. Louis 1, Missouri. Mr. 
Yates represents such companies as F. N. Burt, The Sun Tube 
Corp., Schimmel & Co., Inc., and A. M. Steigerwald Co. 


Lytle E. Swope, formerly director of marketing for The Ohio 
Boxboard Co., has been put in charge of the company’s newly 
established Southern office, 3307 Carew Tower, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


The American Colortype Co. has purchased 18 acres of land to 
provide a site for postwar construction of a new plant. The 
transaction, according to E. L. Lennox, president, is the first 
step in a program for consolidating all the firm’s facilities in one 
location. The first unit to be erected on the new site will involve 
an investment of about $500,000; additional units will be built 
over a period of years as desired. 


A. B. Kehr has established his own business for the design and 
manufacture of a complete line of protective packaging products 
under the name of The Kehr Paper Products Co., 401 N. Broad 
St., Philadelphia. 


150 MODERN PACKAGING 












Frank J. O’Brien and Eugene J. O’Conner, both vice-presidents 
of Continental Can Co., Inc., recently announced their resigna- 
tions from that company. 


Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. announces the formation of a 
plastics group to correlate the activities among its various plastics 
units. The new group will bring together many activities that 
are related either to manufacture, compounding or sale. 


Felix N. Williams, general manager of Monsanto Chemical Co,’s 
plastic division, has been elected a vice-president at a meeting 
of the Board of Directors. 


Herbert C. Sheldon has been elected president and director of the 
Edward Ermold Co., N. Y. C., manufacturers of automatic 
labeling machines. 


James Brown, sales engineer, has been named sales representa- 
tive for the newly established Cincinnati office of the New Jersey 
Machine Corp. This office, to serve better the mid-west label- 
ing equipment and machinery needs, is located at 1701 Carew 
Tower, Cincinnati. 


Continental Can Co. has announced the opening of a new packers’ 
can district sales office in Philadelphia headed by C. W. Smith. 


C. W. Patton has been appointed manager of the Vinylite coat- 
ing and adhesives division of the thermoplastics dept. of the 
Bakelite Corp., unit of Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. This 
division will handle the servicing of all vinyl resins for coatings 
and adhesives. T. W. Sharp is now manager of the sheet and 
foil division which handles servicing of all vinyl sheeting and foils. 


H. A. Goodwin has been appointed the new director of sales of 
Solventol Chemical Products, Inc., 
according to a recent announce- 
ment made by Charles A. Camp- 
bell, president of the Solventol 
Company. 

For the better part of 16 years, 
Mr. Goodwin has been associated 
with the Continental Can Co. and, 
until recently, served as director of 
sales for that organization. 

Mr. Goodwin’s new headquarters 
are situated in the main _ offices 
of the company at 15841 Second 
Ave., Detroit, Mich. 





H. A. Goodwin 


Haskell Cooper resigned from Robert Gair Co., as of November 1, 
in order to take up his new duties as treasurer of the Champion 
Packaging Corp. 


Col. Bradley Dewey of the Dewey & Almy Chemical Co., was 
awarded the Chemical Industries Medal by the American section 
of the Society of Chemical Industries on November 10, as a result 
of his work as Rubber Director. 








George R. Browder, traffic manager of the Fibre Box Assn., died 
suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Chicago on November 2. 
Mr. Browder served the present association and predecessor 
associations in the fibre box and paperboard fields for 31 years. 


James C. Shutze, director of the Atlanta Paper Co., died, after 
a brief illness, on October 28. 


Minter A. Pickering, New England branch manager for the 
Fuchs & Lang Mfg. Co., died suddenly after a short illness on 
October 20, in Boston, Mass. 











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A little Mason Mailmaster holds the secret 


to most of the best precision jobs done today. In 
that little box are diamonds — Black Magic for the 
cutting of tools, dressing of wheels and hard steel 
precision operations. They’re stacked just as they 


come in Mason Mailmasters — safely, quickly, easily. 


DECEMBER * 1944 















Gor Your Information 









Formal organization of the Industrial Packaging Engineers Assn. 
of America, with national headquarters in Room 2502, Tribune 
Tower, Chicago, is announced by Irving J. Stoller, executive 
secretary. At a preliminary meeting the following officers were 
elected: R. F. Weber, International Harvester Co., president; 
M. H. Allen, Dodge-Chicago Div., Chrysler Corp., vice-president; 
D. H. Irwin, Sangamo Electric Co., treasurer. The IPEAA 
will stress the practical side of product protection although sales 
appeal will not be overlooked. 

The group has been formed primarily for and by industrial 
packaging men and it intends to develop for industry the best 
experiences gained from the war. The first general meeting will 
be held sometime in January. 


A committee representing various agencies of the Dept. of Agri- 
culture and WFA which are concerned with frozen foods held a 
conference in Washington recently with nearly 100 representa- 
tives of refrigerated equipment manufacturers, frozen food 
packers and distributors, retail food store organizations and 
Government agencies. Chain store and super-market operators 
stressed the necessity of bringing the element of product display 
into the merchandising of frozen foods. 


The Institute of Paper Chemistry has issued a report made to the 
Weatherproof Corrugated Box Group entitled ‘‘Performance of 
Weatherproof Fibreboard Containers.”’ The illustrated, 39-page 
report covers the performance of weatherproof overseas shipping 
containers and gives results and data covering a comprehensive 
series of tests made on both weatherproof corrugated and solid 
fibre grades. 


Aeroil Burner Co., Inc., Box BG, West New York, N. J., offers its 
two new illustrated catalogs containing specifications covering 
insulated hot dip tanks, free of charge. One of the booklets covers 
tanks heated electrically, the other, tanks that are fueled by city 
gas or natural gas. 


The Lithographic Technical Foundation, Inc., has published its 
newest listing of publications in one book. Sixteen new and re- 
vised editions are listed separately. Additional information may 
be had by writing the Foundation, 220 E. 42 St., N. Y. C. 


Fiatelle Inc., Color Research Bureau, in cooperation with The 
General Printing Ink Co., and its subsidiary, the Eagle Printing 
Ink Co., have just brought out two low cost versions of the Color 
Helm, a precision instrument which establishes even intervals of 
color for the entire spectrum. Literature may be had by writing 
Fiatelle at 58 W. 40 St., N. Y. C. 


The Society of The Plastics Industry held its fall meeting at the 
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York, November 13 and 14. The 
meeting featured a representative exhibit of current plastic 
applications, some of which indicated postwar possibilities. The 
papers included many on new materials and new processing 
methods. Cristopher W. Browne, editor-in-chief of MODERN 


PACKAGING, was one of the speakers during the merchandising 
forum session. 


S. L. Mayham, executive secretary of the Toilet Goods Assn. 
since 1939, was named executive vice-president at a meeting held 
recently at the Waldorf-Astoria, N. Y. Asa result of the broad- 
ening activities of the association several new executive posts were 
created and H. D. Goulden was made director of the bureau of 
standards, director of scientific research and standardization, and 
Henry Etsch, assistant secretary. 


The next annual convention of the National Paper Box Mfgrs. 
Assn. will be held at The Drake in Chicago, May 13 to 16, 
inclusive. This will be the 28th gathering of the group. 


A nation-wide campaign to boost the sale of coffee, vacuum- 
packed in glass, employing all of the modern technique of pro- 


152 





MODERN PACKAGING 


ee 






motion, is being undertaken by Owens-Illinois Glass Co. A com- 
plete program of advertising, merchandising and publicity has 
been prepared to support a national radio program and a mer- 
chandising kit of dealer helps has been supplied to all retailers. 


Federal Telephone and Radio Corp. has announced the publica- 
tion of its booklet on Megatherm—electronic sterilization in the 


package—for all packaged goods. The booklet may be had by 
addressing the company. 


“First Facts” is the house organ of the First Machinery Corp., 
New York. The winter issue just off the presses, contains a com- 
plete spread of the company’s current stock list. The other six 
pages show many illustrations of the machinery made by First. 


The War Food Administration has made available a statistical 
picture of wartime food packaging to the food and container in- 
dustries and the public. R.A. Palen, chief of the OMF Con- 
tainers and Packaging Branch, said the estimates are being made 
public in response to requests from business men and in the 
interests of informed competition, which ‘‘can only result in 
better products, better service and lower costs to the farmer and 
food processors.’”’ Single copies may be had by addressing Con- 
tainers and Packaging Branch, Office of Materials and Facilities, 
WEA, Washington 25. 


Bauer & Black, division of The Kendall Co., recently published a 
booklet entitled ‘‘Catalog and Handbook of Bauer & Black In- 
dustrial Adhesive Tapes.’’ This 2l-page booklet lists on each 
page one of the industrial tapes complete with sample, a brief 
description of the product, its uses and essential specifications. 


General Printing Ink Corp. has ready for distribution the second 
edition of Color Standards—a check list of color standards and 
color systems widely used in industry and science. This edition 
list 14 more items than appeared in the first issue. Copies may be 
had by addressing C. A. Gardiner, General Printing Ink Corp., 
100 Sixth Ave., New York 13. 


“Food Regulation and Compliance,’’ by Arthur D. Herrick, noted 
food and drug authority, has just been published by the Revere 
Publishing Co., 32 Broadway, New York. This manual of over 
646 pages deals with all phases of labeling, packaging, advertising, 
distribution and purchasing of food products under the law. 
Price $10. 


“‘Geon-Hycar Blends,”’ is the title of a new booklet published by 
the chemical division of The B. F. Goodrich Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
The bulletin recites advantages as well as limitations of the 
‘“‘marriage’’ of the Geon resins with Hycar oil resistant synthetic 
rubber, cites the uses for which these blends possess advantages 
and discusses compounding techniques, as well as mixing opera- 
tions. 

H. J. Higdon, advertising manager, Phoenix Metal Cap Co., 
makes poetry his hobby and just to prove it has published a book 
of verse which he wrote himself. It is a two-color job, 32 pages, 
and its light, airy, and slightly ribald verses make it a perfect gift 
for a man overseas. Price, 50¢ per copy. 


A Packaging, Processing and Packing School has been estab- 
lished by the Quartermaster Corps at Columbus, Ohio, Army 
Service Forces Depot. It is to train personnel to man the 
packaging operations at 22 Quartermaster Depots. 


At the annual convention of the Gummed Industries Assn., held 
recently at the Hotel Carter, Cleveland, Ohio, members decided 
to embark upon a three year cooperative educational and adver- 
tising campaign. In addition officers were elected for the coming 
year. John MacLaurin, McLaurin-Jones Co. was re-elected 
president: J. A. Shartle, Brown-Bridge Mills, Inc., vice-president 
and Philip O. Deitch, managing director. 













































































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att Down in Dallas, Texas, the Southern States Foods, Inc., subsidiary of Standard Brands, 
Ohio. Inc., makes a Sandwich Spread which, when combined with bread or crackers, is a real 


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itages 


Called “Blue Bonnet” Sandwich Spread—because it is “made where the Blue Bonnets 
opera- 


grow’—this wholesome food product is packed in sturdy glass jars with blue and yellow 
» Co, | labels. The jars are sealed with Crown Screw Caps—attractively lithographed in blue 


ibook [| and yellow to match the labels. 
pages, 
ctgiit | An exclusive feature of all Crown Screw Caps is the patented Deep Hook Thread—which 


enables glass packers to obtain the maximum amount of sealing pressure with the mini- 


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WORLD'S LARGEST MAKERS OF METAL CLOSURES 






SPECIFICATION 
ADHESIVES 


| aaersasig realizes the importance of specifi- 

cations in the building of planes, ships or 
bridges. But some people overlook the importance 
of specifications in the preparation of an adhesive. 
Each adhesive, to be completely satisfactory, must 
be a combination of ingredients chosen with scien- 
tific care to meet one specific problem. 


For 59 years, Arabol has believed that there is 
one best adhesive for each industrial use, and has 
applied that principle to the development of more 
than 10,000 adhesives formulae... 1500 in the last 
two war years alone. The experience accumulated 
in service to 100 different industries is your assur- 
ance of Arabol’s ability to produce proved solutions 
to practically any adhe- 
sives problem. 





ARABOL 
V CASE 
SEALING 
ADHESIVES 


Tell us your adhe- 
sives requirements, and 
an Arabol Service En- 
gineer will be available 
for confidential consul- 
tation, without cost or 
obligation. Please ad- 
dress your inquiry to 
Dept. 116. 


meet specifications... 
fast setting, hand or 
machine qual'ty. 








THE ARABOL MANUFACTURING CO. 
PIONEERING SINCE 1885 
Executive Offices: 
110 East 42nd St., New York 17, N. Y. 
Offices and Factories: 
BROOKLYN - CHICAGO . SAN FRANCISCO 
Branches in Principal Cities 


CGAdhesives?.. ARABOL! 










MODERN PACKAGING 





Palletizing . . . 


(Continued from page 87) unit handling is the greatly re- 
duced wear and tear on the individual package which con- 
tinuous handling involves. For example, corrugated boxes 
can often be substituted for shooks, and Style 1 nailed wood 
boxes have come back into their own due to the reduction in 
the number and intensity of forces inherent in palletizing. 
Practically all changes will result in cheaper containers. 

There are many enterprises which produce items that can 
be shipped very profitably on pallets. However, the size of 
the company and the size of its production may not warrant 
outright purchase and stocking of empty pallets and owner- 
ship of mechanical handling equipment. 

Based on the need of many such companies located near 
major cities, plans are well advanced for the establishment of 
pallet and equipment pools from which companies may 
draw as members of an association. The intention is to 
simulate on a broad basis the centralized control and dis- 
tribution methods which Ordnance Depots have so workably 
effected. Interchange of pallets among pools in various parts 
of the country can obviously be kept straight by the deposit 
and clearing-house method. 

Another system already under consideration is that of 
jobbers who will store considerable stocks of pallets. These 
will be leased for nominal sums and, if standardized according 
to definite specifications, can be considered equitably inter- 
changeable between jobbers in various localities or the 
companies with which they do business. 

It is also planned that these jobbers will have all the other 
facilities for making palletized shipping available as a stand- 
ard practice to those companies which desire it: Packaging 
consultants are increasingly available and, when associated 
with such a jobber, will doubtless lead to his representation as 
a broker of containers guaranteed for a designed purpose. 

The availability of steel strapping and steel strapping equip- 
ment, of steel and fibre corner protectors, of collapsible crates 
and wood braces built to order also will be part of the jobber’s 
stock in trade. 

The last and by no means the least important feature of his 
service will be his possession of mechanical handling equip- 
ment which can be transported easily to and from a company 
being serviced, ready to load a freight car. 

Companies anticipate that their shipping costs will be 
greatly reduced by adoption of this system in a phase of their 
operation in which modernization has long been overdue. 

The availability of personnel sufficiently well versed in the 
technicalities of palletized shipments is a bright spot in the 
postwar picture. 

Large companies, in which the personnei concerned with 
materials handling methods will be sufficient in number to 
warrant schooling for this purpose, will be able to establish 
clinics, the function of which will be comparable to that of 
the Materials Handling School at Hingham. 

However, some of the most expert consultants will be drawn 
from the ranks of men whom the Army and Navy will re- 
lease at end of the war. There will be packaging men who 
will be familiar with every condition undergone by products 
being shipped throughout the world, from driving tropical 
rains to freezing temperatures. 

Along with other men versed in every technical phase of 
materials handling, they will be available to lead the way to 
the application of modern techniques in fields which will be- 
come increasingly important as the mammoth industrial 
potential is unleashed to supply world-wide markets. 





4 
i 
+ 















1e 
1€ 


th 


sh 
of 





PACKAGING LOOKS 
AHEAD TO 
BETTER METHODS 


@ The firms that have been engaged in 
packaging for military or essential civilian 
purposes have been able to take advantage 
of a number of improvements in packaging 
methods and equipment which came to their 
attention during the war. Such firms, while 
still busy with their war work, are planning 
now how to adapt these new developments 
to the requirements of their normal peace- 
time work. Other firms, denied the use of 
such new equipment, are eagerly examining 
these developments with an eye to “‘catching 
up,” once the restrictions on purchasing 
equipment are lifted. 


The goal of all such firms will be to make 
packaging a thoroughly efficient opera- 
tion . . . efficient from a purely packaging 
viewpoint, efficient from a production view- 
point. Packages will have to be suitably 
strong and attractive . . . the operation of 
packaging must be economical, with mini- 
mum expenditure of time, materials and 
working space. 



















































































From a number of manufacturers of 
widely diverse products come reports like 
the following, which indicate the advantages 
attainable when a more efficient fastening 
method is adopted. 


























By changing the method of attaching 
inner linings to aviators’ goggle cases, an 
optical goods manufacturer saved 25% on 
the cost of the operation. 






A MONTH ...or many months...to the day your in- 
dustry will get the “go-ahead” on civilian goods... to 
create jobs for men as they are released from service 
or war work? 









Adopting an easier method of covering 


9 9 a the heads of barrels, a meat packer made 
How soon? What products can come first? Most im it posal to dale @ haneed 1h ante Ge 


portant — will you be ready...on that day...to change time and achieved a saving in materials as 

quickly from gliders to furniture...jeeps to cars... | well. 

shells to cosmetics ...or whatever it may be? i 
If your planning involves fastening ...Bostitching 

offers you speed...often 50% more speed...over nail- 
























15¢ a thousand—a big saving on a fast- 
turnover item—is saved by a food manu- 
facturer who decided to change to a faster 
fastening method. 





; ing, riveting, welding, glueing or tieing. Nearly 800 
models... staplers, tackers, hammers, wire stitchers When a tool manufacturer wanted to 
... to fasten metals, wood, cloth, paper, plastics... save time sealing small envelopes each con- 
d ; Mteniien thaten eel tthe taining a vital part for a military use, he 
j OR Ceres + 8 ; found that another method of fastening 
i Investigate Bostitching now... the advantages of 40 provided a 50% time-saving. 


years’ specialized stapling experience... of unrivalled 
engineering resources ....a field force of exclusive 
stapling specialists ... the “ When-Available” plan that 
offers you priority on equipment you’ll need when your 
conversion begins. Write for “W-A” folder. 


In each of the above cases, the fastening 
method that saved time or money or both, 
was Bostitching. The equipment used 
was, in order, a stapling machine, a self- 
feeding hammer, a stitcher, an electro- 
magnetic stapler—in each case, Bostitch. 





Bostitch (Boston Wire Stitcher Company), 50 Duane Street, 
East Greenwich, R. I. (Bostitch-Canada, Ltd., Montreal). 


Bostitch B-8 Desk Fastener. Smallest of nearly 800 models. 
Weighs but 6 oz., loaded yet does practically everything done 


by fasteners 3 times its weight and cost. 
complete line of nearly 800 Bostitch models. 


For advice on adapting the Bostitching 


AND FAST! ER - ; —— | method, they can call upon the world’s 
faslous 


Packaging men upon whom falls the re- 
sponsibility of providing maximum effi- 
ciency .. . both today when military require- 
ments call for speed and later when cost will 
frequently be paramount . . . will do well to 
investigate Bostitching. 


For the right machine to meet their 
specific requirements, they can select (sub- 
ject to priority and availability) from a 







F ; ° largest staff of field representatives specializ- 
Gt beth, will WHE — a ing in stapling. Further information is 
: Oo 4 given in the Bostitch advertisement adjoin- 

ing this column. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 







ALL TYPES OF STAPLES APPLIED BY MACHINES 
ALL TYPES OF MACHINES FOR APPLYING STAPLES 
























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LAMINATING, COATING, 
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Liquifies at 130° F. May be thinned with hot water for 
control of spread, penetration and set. Is thermo-plastic—can 


be made thermo-setting. 


Has inherent flexibility—complete resistance to animal, mineral 
and vegetable oils; greases; aromatic and aliphatic hydro- 


carbons; primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. 


THOMAS W. DUNN CO. 


Sole Manufacturers 


546 GREENWICH ST. NEW YORK CITY 13, N.Y. 








NOW AVAILABLE 


WAX—Meets Government Specifications AXS 1015 
SILICA GEL—Packed 1 02., 2 0z., 8 oz., 1 Ib., 5 Ib., bulk 











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cellulose compounds 


<< WAX HEATING TANKS 
For export packaging, 5 gal., 15 gal., 
30 gal., 60 gal. and larger 


WIRE BASKETS 
In all sizes. 
Prices upon request 


FREE BULLETIN REVEALS 
CLEANING SECRETS 


Describes latest methods for re- 
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how to remove dirt, oil, grease, paint, 
etc., from metal parts, how to heat 


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Attractive distributors’ set-up wax and clean metals faster, cheaper 
” ' rtant cities. and safer. Lists scarce materials now 
Write for details. available. 








SEND COUPON FOR FREE COPY 














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20 East 18th Street 
Dept. M.P. Chicago 16, Ill. 


I want you to send me free bulletin giving information on cleaning, rust removing, etc- 























Name 
Address 




















156 MODERN PACKAGING 


Bottle specs... 


(Continued from page 97) about waviness to make 
any statements about it. We do know that a cer. 
tain degree of waviness is unsatisfactory for pro- 
duction and as well as for the appearance of the 
package. We will have research work done on 
methods of testing waviness. Tentatively we will 
not accept obvious waviness. 

Vender: All agreed that it was too difficult to meet the 
specification of trueness on !/;,in.; most agreed to 
3/30 in. tolerance. Some wanted !/, inch tolerance. 

Seagram: We cannot allow too much tolerance here because 
our fillers strike the neck and break the filler tubes, 
and lost time results from trying to adjust the 
filler to the different size bottle necks. 

Vender: One vender suggested a method of testing trueness 
and the gauge in use by most of the glass manu- 
facturers will be adopted for Seagram use. 

Seagram: We will accept !/s in. over all until further research, 

Seagram: Ragged or sharp seams will split the caps. Is 
there any way this can be controlled before reach- 
ing our plant? 

Vender: By skipping the seams, roughness can be elimi- 
nated. 

Seagram: We would like to try some jump or skip thread bot- 
tles. This was arranged. 

Vender: It would be very impractical to test for visual de- 
fects every bottle for every item that goes out of 
our plants but we usually have a pretty good idea 
how the bottles are running. 

Seagram: Here again we do not have sufficient data to be 
able to test or make limits on these items but we 
do know these defects cause packaging problems. 


Agreement on chemical requirements. 


Mr. Shay displayed examples of variation in the color of 
bottles Seagram receives. He showed an extremely light, an 
extremely dark and a medium bottle. All agreed that the 
tolerance for color was not too severe, but most companies 
said they had no method of testing the color before they 
shipped it out. The Specifications Research Department will 
send to all the venders a sample of the maximum, the mini- 
mum and the mean limits. It is possible at a later date that 
these tolerances may be even more rigid. 

Dr. E. H. Scofield, director of Seagram Research, followed 
the point by point discussion with an outline of the pro- 
gressive aims of the company and the necessity of changing 
specifications in accordance with latest data obtained. 

“It is not our intention to tell the glass companies how to 
manufacture a glass bottle but merely to specify what we 
need to produce as perfect a package as possible,”’ he said. 

At the close of the meeting, a committee was appointed 
composed of a representative from each glass company and 
from interested departments of the Seagram organization to 
handle further points on present specifications. H. F. Will 
kie, executive vice-president, complimented the glass com- 
panies on their excellent production record during the last 
two years and expressed Seagram’s appreciation for the glass 
companies’ cooperation. Mr. Martersteck also closed the 
meeting with an acknowledgment of the splendid job done. 

‘‘In every instance where trouble was encountered, the glass 
company involved made every possible effort to improve the 
quality of their product and take immediate action to elimi- 
nate the cause of the trouble,”’ he said. 






eet TEL AG TNE 


“KD 8-C17= 
CRITERION + 





Dorian 
















ice, makes it and they Buyers in war plants through 


call it KD8. We distribute itand we — Criterion Paper & Twine Company 





















ach- 
me call it KD8-Ci7. War plant ship- have found a variety of uses for 
1Mm- 

. . . 7 ‘ e4 oe 
ml ping rooms use it and they call it KD8 = C17 just as they have found 
a EXCELLENT. It’s a paper stock uses for the other dependable lines : 
to & , ' _ 
des | with an outstanding performance that we have introduced them to. 
be Fl capacity. KD8 - C17 offers greater _If you seek an aggressive distributor 
we & : . 
ns. & resistance to grease penetration — forthe New York metropolitan area 

| than any paper of a similar nature _ that can introduce your products to 
r of t " 
au and in addition its thermoplastic buyers . . . buying now for war but 
the : ‘ 
nies qualities permit effective heat seal- | preparing for peace . . . you should 
hey § , 
will ing by either bar or rib roll type | Communicate with us because we 
ini- | ; 
hat ff sealer. This paper not only con- have the entre and the “know how 
ed © - ing v , 
- forms to but exceeds the specifica- '° bring you the business you seek. 
pro- § 
ying ° ' : ; 
tions of ANP-12A and 100-15 for | Why not drop usa line so we can get 

yto . P 
vi Grade A Greaseproof wrappings. together and talk it over? 
Ll § 
ited | ‘ 
and | . . . cag! 
_ Uy ts sold by Criterion t's dependable 
Vill: 
om- 
last J 
lass 


the 


: Criterion Paper and Twine Co. 


:mi- 


345 WEST 36th STREET « NEW YORK 18, N. Y. 



















MODERN PACKAGING 





| 
| 
| 





Polyethylene... 


(Continued from page 123) Polyethylene can be machined, 
drilled, carved and milled by standard machine tools, and by 
methods customarily used in forming thermoplastic materials. 
“Carbowax” compound 1500 or aqueous solutions of ‘‘Carbo- 
wax” compound 4000, wiped on the sheets and film and well 
polished when dry, yield an attractive high finish. This finish 
effectively suppresses any tendency of the material to develop 
a static charge in the course of fabrication processes. 

Solutions. The polyethylene resins have unusual and ex- 
tremely interesting solubility characteristics, solubility being 
extremely sensitive to temperature. At normal room tem- 
perature they are insoluble in all organic solvents. They 
begin to dissolve at 50-60 deg. C., however, in solvents typi- 
fied by carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene and trichloro- 
ethane. 

The properties of polyethylene and its solubility traits 
make this resin a highly serviceable material for film coating, 
surface coatings and the impregnation and proofing of paper, 
cloth, wood, etc. 

Calendering. With suitable compounding modification, 
polyethylene resin can be calendered under conditions similar 
to those required for vinyl chloride-acetate resin compounds. 
Comparatively smooth sheeting can be calendered in 20-mil 
thickness, and 4-mil calendered films should win a large place 
in the field of attractive wrapping foils. 

Printing. A limited amount of work has indicated that 
common t1rethods for printing on conventional types of plastic 
wrapping foils will give some trouble when these methods are 
applied to polyethylene films. Lacquer type inks do not 
“bite” into polyethylene film to form abrasion-resistant im- 
pressions. Pyrographic marking foils, applied with hot dies, 
are satisfactory. It is believed that heated printing dies em- 
ploying conventional lacquer-base inks will be satisfactory for 
printing on polyethylene film. 

Planishing and Embossing. Calendered polyethylene 
sheeting can be planished or embossed in ordinary platen 
presses. The higher molecular weight grade of polyethylene— 
not made regularly at the present time—is the most satisfac- 
tory for planished sheet applications because of its superior 
physical characteristics. 

Blow Molding, Swaging and Drawing. Conventional blow 
molding and swaging procedures can be used in fabricating 
polyethylene sheets into containers that are form-stable in 
boiling water. The high ductility of this resin should also 
permit cold-drawing operations such as are used with soft 
metals. 

Hot-Melts and Sealing Compounds. Solid solutions of 
polyethylene and hydrocarbon waxes, such as paraffin and 
ceresin wax, can be formulated to make high-melting potting 
and sealing compounds. Such compounds can be handled in 
conventional wax-dipping tanks and waxing equipment with 
no significant modifications in equipment or methods of ap- 
plication. Polyethylene-modified hydrocarbon waxes are 
tougher, have higher tensile strength and they have greatly 
improved resistance to low temperature impact. Unusually 
wide blending limits with various waxes allow the formulation 
of sealing compounds with an extensive range of softening 
temperatures and physical properties. 


Typical applications 


With its unique combination of properties, range of avail- 
able forms, and workability with conventional equipment 
and techniques, polyethylene resin will bring to packagers 








































amen e, 


Sn, a PTE a et 


LIEGE SLOOP EF 


arora 


fl elias wereld 


PEE Pa Spe AAO UREN FO? AT 









or w eS eS 


—_ “vO 














omtny 










- this protection | 



























TO THE 
POST-WAR PLANNING COMMITTEE 


Here is a new method of packaging that 
you should investigate. We have had a 
great deal of experience both in develop- 
ing special thermoplastic coating mate- 
rials and also in the setting up and 
operation of packaging lines. Let us work 
with you and your carton supplier. 


DAREX 


COATINGS 

















A PRODUCT OF THE DEWEY AND ALMY CHEMICAL COMPANY, CAMBRIDGE 40, MASSACHUSETTS 








What is it? 


“Double-dip’” packaging using Darex Thermoplastic 
Coating is a proved method of protecting larger packages 
against moisture-vapor transfer. It is restricted in size only 
by the limits of good carton making. 





How is it done? 


A correctly designed carton, after filling and sealing, is 
progressively and automatically dipped into two tanks of 
molten thermoplastic coating, each tank maintained at 
specific temperatures. In the first tank, the thermoplastic 
impregnates the carton stock to about half its thickness. 
In the second tank, where the temperature of the thermo- 
plastic coating is about 25° lower, a second coating layer 
of thermoplastic material is applied to the surface, which 
provides the moisture barrier. 


What it does 


By the use of Darex Thermoplastic Coating materials, a 
continuous, hard, non-blocking, protective coating can be 
applied that keeps moisture vapor out where moisture- 
sensitive products are packed, or keeps moisture in where 
dehydration is a problem, Repeated tests have shown these 
coatings to be highly insect-resistant. 


Where can it be used ? 


Wherever shelf-life is important, the Darex double-dip 
method can be helpful. It lets the product start its shelf- 
life not when first packed but only when the outer package 
is opened. It is particularly well adapted to volume pro- 
duction where progressive packaging can be profitably 
employed. 

It is suggested for all moisture-sensitive food products 
packed in individual.cartons and bulked in a larger double- 
dip unit. It can be used for cigarettes, small electrical and 
mechanical parts, and even for larger products such as 
typewriters for export. It can be used for bulk packages, 
such as for dried fruits. Its use is varied and restricted only 
by the limitations of good carton manufacture. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 159 

























THE ORIGINAL 
BAG HEAT SEALING MACHINE 


MORE ECONOMICAL BECAUSE: it requires no pins, 
staples or other supplies It gives a permanent, posi- 
tive seal merely by application of pressure and heat. 
Uses only 150 watts ot chectielty 

MORE EFFICIENT BECAUSE: Kick-Leg foot lever 
exerts 10 times as much pressure at jaws as applied 
by foot Top jaw is floated on springs that prevent 
undue wear on jaws and enable the operator to 
apply proper pressure with a minimum of effort. 
Positive thermostatic control assures correct tempera- 
ture Send your bag for us to seal 


IN STOCK FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT 


WRITE FOR CATALOG SHOWING FULL 
LINE INCLUDING MOTOR-DRIVEN MODELS 


HEAT SEAL-IT COMPANY 


4316 LANCASTER AVE., PHILADELPHIA 4, PENNA. 

























Soon the above words 
will appear on many 
advertisements offering 
goods for sale. ... 








The time may be sooner 
than we think... . 


Are your plans in 
readiness? .... 








Maybe we can help 
you NOW.... 


In any case why not get 
full information about 
the CLIPPER HEAT 
SEAL BAG MAKING 
MACHINE .... 












CLIPPER HEAT SEAL MATERIALS 
BAG MAKING MACHINE Write us today .... 


MOHAN CONTAINERS COMPANY 
1107 East Eighth Street 
Los Angeles 21, California 












MODERN PACKAGING 





the opportunity to improve the quality and merchandising 
value of their products at reasonable cost. 

When chemical resistance is required, polyethylene resin 
should be considered for such items as molded jar and bottle 
closures, closure liners and extruded collapsible tubes. 

For improved moisture resistance, as required in food pack- 
aging, polyethylene offers calendered film, paper and cloth 
coatings, molded closures and closure liners of the highest 
order. Its moisture diffusion constant is extremely low—its 
water absorption rate is 0.01% weight gain in 24 hours, at 25 
deg. C. Hot-melts and potting compounds for solution use 
with improved temperature resistance and improved physical 
properties can be formulated from this resin. 

The polyethylene resins in their natural state are colorless, 
tasteless, odorless and non-toxic. 

But over and beyond heir physical properties, these plas- 
tics appear valuable in many instances for their fine, attrac- 
tive appearance. The forms into which they can be fabri- 
cated are almost unlimited. The possible variety of finishes 
and integral colors permits an immense range of popular 
effects. These new resins will provide an opportunity to 
boost the eye and sales appeal of products which, though 
utilitarian, are important to merchandising success. 





Gas transmission... 


(Continued from page 126) Table II. Specific permeability 
is expressed as cc. of gas per sq. cm. area per minute per cm. 
of film thickness. Specific permeability values may be con- 
sidered as comparative since they are calculated on the basis 
of thickness of the material. 


Discussion 


A simply constructed apparatus for measuring the trans- 
mission of gases through packaging materials has been de- 
scribed. Although designed for testing the highly gas-proof 
plastic materials, the method could probably be adapted to 
the more porous papers by reducing the pressure differential 
on the two sides of the sheet. Triplicate determinations were 
conducted on most of the materials listed. These checked 
within 8% when different pieces of the same sheet were used. 
Some excessively high values occurred with the very thin 
sheets (less than 0.002 in.) which were apparently due to the 
lack of uniformity and to the porosity of these thin films. 
The results were obtained in from 30 minutes for the most 
permeable films to 24 hours for the materials showing the 
slowest gas transmission. A constant temperature cabinet 
is essential for best operation and changes in barometric 


pressure during each test must be taken into account in cal- 


culating the results. 


References 


Edwards, J. D., and Pickering, S. F., 1920. Permeability of Rubber to 
Gases. Part I, Chem. Met. Eng., 23: 17-21: Part II, Chem. Met. Eng., 23: 
l S 


—5. 

Elder, L. W., 1943. Permeability of Flexible Material. MopERN PACcK- 
AGING, 16, No. 11: 69-71. 

Fabric Permeameter, 1943. New Method for Testing Gas Permeability, 
MODERN PACKAGING, 16, No. 6: 84, 108. 

Morris, V. N., and Street, J. N., 1929, 1931. Permeability of Rubber to 
5 in I, Ind. Eng. Chem., 2/: 1215-19; Part II, Ind. Eng. Chem., 23: 

—43. 

Morton, T. H., 1935. Dyeing of Cellulose with Direct Dyestuffs. Trans. 
Faraday Soc., 3/: 262-84. 

Oswin, C. R., 1943. The Permeability of Transparent Wrappings. J. 
Soc. Chem. Ind., 62: 45-48. 

Schuman, A. C., 1944. Apparatus for Measuring the Gas Permeability of 
~~ Materials of Low Permeability. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., /6: 
58-60. 

Smith, F. R., and Kleiber, Max, 1944. Apparatus for Measuring Rate 
of Gas Penetration through Food Packaging Materials, Ind. Eng. Chem., 
Anal. Ed., 16: 586-7. 

Todd, H. R., 1944. Apparatus for Measuring Gas Transmission through 
Sheets and Films. Paper Trade J., 1/8: 32-5. 





Seles oa. naeaaleane 


ee 











PACKOMATIC..... 














| A Disc Feed 
| || AUTOMATIC 


NET WEIGHT 





aR EAA 





r 3 
) i 
| | 
e Metal Cans 
Glass Jars 
Round Paper Cans 
5 UG Rectangular Containers 
q Eight bucket unit shown is equipped with 
j plungers to speed packaging of rolled oats. 
) \ Most products require only simple shaker 
mechanism under the conveyor... 
] 
1 
You will want to know more about this new type New! Different! Proved practical—now is the time 
‘ ; scale—PACKOMATIC’S disc feed, automatic net to see where PACKOMATIC’s Automatic Net Weight 
| weight scale—for filling metal cans, round paper cans, Scale con speed your grades to eur dese 
i glass jars and rectangular containers. Fed from. over- ; ae 
/ ; ciently and at lower cost. Inquiries involve no obliga- 
4 head onto a smooth disc, revolving at high speed, : 
4 ' tion. Write direct or contact branch office nearest you. 
F product is thrown by centrifugal force into gates 
4 feeding the scale buckets—thence automatically into ’ y 
4 Submit your postwar Packaging and 
containers. Revolving disc never stops—and when PACKOMATIC 
5 gates open in synchronization with scale operation— Carton handling plans to | 
a smooth, non-pulsating stream of product into buckets for suggestion or recommendation—no 
: assures commercially accurate filled-weight. obligation to buy. 
-— 











PACKOMATIC 


PACKAGING MACHINERY 4) CO. JOLIET, (up 










NEW YORK . . CHICAGO . . BOSTON . . CLEVELAND . . DENVER . . LOS ANGELES . . SAN FRANCISCO . . SEATTLE 





DECEMBER °* 1944 161 












YOU plan that Postwar Product... 
Let DENNISON plan the Set-Up-Box 


PREWAR .-- 






























Dennison Set-Up Boxes pro- 
vided glamorous settings for 
cosmetics and perfumes s high- 
lighted as gifts such specialties 
as leather billfolds, belt 
buckles and fountain pens; 
made showcase pieces of clin- 
ical thermometers—and solv- 
ed packaging problems for 


nipples, vitamin capsules and 
filter paper- 














Dennison Set-Up Boxes guard 


tapsand dies against abrasion; 
cushion detonators and prim- 
ers in transit; carry car- 
tridges and shells Overseas; 
Serve as containers for Purple 
Heart, Silver Star and Good 
Conduct medals and meet 
rigid government specifica- 
tions for packaging fragile 
drug ampules or vials of 
Penicillin, 








son Set-Up Boxes may be 


Denni 
your products to- 


needed for one of 
morrow. As a display case, for ex- 
ample, to merchandise three prod- 


ucts as a unit, rather than singly; to 


guard against breakage while actu- 
ally making your product more ap- 
pealing to the shopper. Are 0 
thinking, today, about the specia 
jobs special set-up boxes can do for 
your products—tomorrow? 








Dennison 


PAPER SPECIALISTS FOR OVER A CENTURY 


Dennison experience and facilities have been 
multiplied and broadened by hundreds of 
specialized problems presented by war. Let Dennison 
plan today the set-up box that can be manufactured 
tomorrow. Write Dennison Manufacturing Company, 
227 Ford Avenue, Framingham, Mass. 





TAGS + LABELS + SEALS + SET-UP BOXES + MARKING SYSTEMS + PAPER SPECIALTIES 


162 





MODERN PACKAGING 





chip, means durability on the shelves and the continued 


Mechanical dipper . . . 


(Continued from page 79) over and between the pads to 
the left-hand end of the unit where it is picked up by a plastic 
pump immersed in the liquefied plastic. The pump delivers 
the plastic into the dipping compartment at such a rate as 
will maintain an overflow over a weir located at the right- 
hand end of the dipping tank. The overflow is reheated 
by passing under the dipping tank over the reheating sec- 
tion of the heating pads and to the pump again. This 
plastic movement is said to give several needed effects: 

1. The film which forms on the dip tank surface exposed 
to the air is continually removed or prevented from forming 
because the surface is in steady motion in the direction of the 
weir. 

2. Bubbles, which may form in the ethyl cellulose due to 
the immersion of the part to be dipped, are continuously 
removed over the weir. 

3. The temperature of the plastic at the point of dipping 
is maintained absolutely uniform, resulting in a standard 
quality of coating at all times. 

4. The level of the dipping surface is maintained without 
variation, a feature which is necessary for automatic con- 
veyor handling. The weir is adjustable so that the level of 
the dipping solution may be controlled for various sized 
parts. 

5. Agitation. 


Credit: Plastic dip coater, Youngstown Miller Co., Sandusky, O. 





Plastic closures 


(Continued from page 121) the inside between the top 
of the cap and the top of the bottle. By scre ing the cap on 
you have tightened this spring down, but if moisture can per- 
meate through the surface of the liner, either from the inside 
or get in from the outside, you may find that the structure 
of that liner breaks down so that the material no longer is 
springy but gets soggy and, therefore, in itself cold-flows or 
creeps away from its compressed position. Naturally, if this 
happens the tension of the cap on the bottle will be loosened 
and you can take another quarter-turn in the cap. 

This action of tightening up as the result of moisture can 
be very easily demonstrated if you will merely take a piece 
of wood about 1 in. thick, and cut it in the form of a disc with 
a 1 in. hole in it and perhaps a 2-in. outside diameter. Soak 
that disc in water after measuring the inside and the outside 
very carefully and see what the result in dimensions is. I 
can assure you that the inside hole will be smaller and that 
the outside will be larger. Nature fixed it that way and there 
is no way of getting away from it. 

The molded closure has proved so conclusively its ability 
over the years to dress up a package and present it in an ap- 
pealing way to the public that it is certainly here to stay, in 
spite of the relative difference in cost between it and the metal 
closure. This difference in cost may look pretty big when 
you consider a million caps but it is very small when you con- 
sider the cost per package. A third of a cent is certainly not 
much on a bottle of wine or whiskey which sells for anything 
from $1 up to $6 or $7, but two bottles, one with a molded 
closure and one with a metal closure, placed side by side, 
will soon demonstrate which one will be sold first. 

The possibility of inbuilt color which cannot chip off, as 
the surface of the double tins with their enamel coating can 





















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i 


Pd A A ith a 
LAMINATED 
PAPERS 


Have you planned for the unusual 
demand for this type of product after 
the war? @ Ask about machines for 





laminating foil, paper, glassine, cello- 
phane and boards. @ We build them 
for pastes, glues, asphalts and waxes. 





@ Can we send complete information? 
Ask us. 


HUDSON -SHARP 


MACHINE CO +GREEN BAY? WIS 





ADHESIVE 


%& NATIONAL CASEIN'S Urea Formal- 
dehyde Cold Setting Adhesive adheres to 
all types of V Board, and assures a per- 
manent, waterproof seal that stands up 


SUBMIT YOUR 
ADHESIVE PROBLEMS 


under rain, hail, sleet—radical and sudden 
temperature changes—and rough handling. 


Uniformly high in quality, readily available, 
backed by 30 years of service to Industry, 
NATIONAL CASEIN'S Urea Formaldehyde 


is Laboratory Approved as a water-resistant = 
ALL TYPES CASEIN— 


adhesive for sealing fibreboard boxes. wor or Cold RESIN GLUES 


NATIONAL CASEIN SALES 


608-618 West 80th Street © Chicago 20, Illinois | 


164 MODERN PACKAGING 


rapid development of. fully automatic means of producing 
these caps will certainly bring their price down to a point 
where the differential will not be so painful. 

This means that the steady climb in popularity of molded 
closures will certainly continue and will probably expand from 
the present great demand up to and including 38 mm., to the 
manufacture of more and more of the closures extending up 
toward the 100 mm. size. 

This suggestion as to a method of testing caps and the need 
of specifications on caps is purely tentative and will certainly 
be ripped apart when the engineers actually start digging 
into it, but there is no question but what something has got 
to be done to establish definite specifications covering certain 
types of bottle-capping machines. 

Purchasers must have some means of buying caps to a 
strength characteristic so that if some supplier wants to make 
walls as thin as possible he makes them with the proviso that 
you only use them on certain types of machines and he will 
not be in direct competition with another supplier who puts 
plenty of meat in the side walls with a consequent increase 
in the cost of his raw material, but whose price list is definitely 
higher compared to the one who has skinned it down to the 
lowest possible cross section. 





Ultraviolet lamps . . . 


(Continued from page 106) on the lip of the bottle. 
Bottle caps and crowns should also be treated with high 
intensity radiation. 

Soft drinks, beer, and other beverages can be bottled practi- 
cally germ-free by the use of bactericidal radiation. This is 
of advantage in maintaining high sanitary standards. 

An important element in the packaging of fruits or vege- 
tables is in the thorough washing such products receive before 
being paper-wrapped and placed in the crates or cartons. 
Residual chemicals must be removed by the washing and, if 
possible, the temperature of the products should be reduced 
to approximately that which will be maintained during ship- 
ment and subsequent storage. 

In one system (Fig. 7) the cooling water is pumped to the 
top of the equipment and passes under a battery of eight 
ultraviolet lamps as it flows to the distributing plates and 
down over the produce. The radiation of the recirculated 
cooling and wash water greatly reduces the bacteria count 
in the water, thus conserving water and providing much 
better cleaning of the vegetables or fruit. 

Tests made on this equipment showed the following: 
Starting with water of zero bacteria count, the number of 
bacteria increased to 420 per cc. after the water was placed 
in the machine. When 150 crates of asparagus were run 
through, the bacteria count rose to 78,000 per cc. No ultra- 
violet radiation was used during this operation. The ultra- 
violet lamps were then turned on and an additional 250 crates 
of asparagus were run through the machine without changing 
the water. A test of the water following the second opera- 
tion showed a bacteria count of only 2,000 per cc, a reduction 
of 76,000. While these tests reveal a high rate of killing of 
bacteria, they also indicate that additional radiation, such as 
increasing the number of ultraviolet lamps from four to eight 
on a machine circulating 1,400 gallons of water, is needed to 
maintain the limits suggested by health authorities. 

Effective sanitary packaging in many fields has been 
greatly simplified by the use of ultraviolet lamps for irradiat- 
ing the air, the water and the surface which may come into 
contact with foods, medicines or cosmetics. 





Doe Oe. Oe. Oe 











Glass jars, ceramics, plastics—all make at- 
tractive consumer packages. The problem is 
to pack them for shipment, display and sale. 

Let Ridgelo Clay Coated Boxboard take 
over this important job. It will make fold- 
ing cartons that protect. 

Then it will carry the printed design 
brightly, clearly. It will reflect the high 


KEEP DOING YOUR SHARE IN THE WASTE PAPER CAMPAIGN 


Representatives: Bradner Smith and Company and Mac Sim Bar Paper Company, Chicago @ 
Gordon Murphy and Norman A. Buist, Los Angeles & 






anp Now more CARTONS! 


A. E. Kellogg, St. Louis * 













quality of the primary container inside. 
Your product should profit by the large, 
even carton displays that help make de- 
signs “‘catch-on”’ and by the easy wrapping 
of straight, uniform shapes. 
Try the Ridgelo Clay Coated folding car- 
ton for the highest appeal in a practical 


package. Better you than your competitor ! 


H. B. Royce, Detroit 





DECEMBER ° 1944 





Philip Rudolph & Son, Inc., Philadelphia 


Packaging control .. . 
i @) 4 a Ohy WAR PROFITS (Continued from page 91) other words, its equipment, 


SH j p production set-up, and sources of packaging material in the 

b fe) U be PR ‘@) DB) U C TS locality. Their interpretation and installation is facilitated 

V by a packaging engineer’s visit to the manufacturing plant to 

IA L U S TE te '@) | D give all necessary instructions and demonstrations. 

a ialiiain In some cases, particularly where one item is procured from 

= several sources or where a certain box, tag or label is used bya 

majority of sources, the material is purchased by Spiegel and 

stocked at the package material source, subject to call for 

direct shipment to the manufacturing concerns packaging 
Spiegel merchandise. 

Although our final aim is that of receiving source-pre- 
packed merchandise exclusively, we find ourselves at present 
in many cases confronted with the necessity of achieving the 
necessary pre-packing at our own plant. In that case it is the 
responsibility of the Packaging Methods Department to 
specify an adequate pre-pack and to outline the methods to 
be used in its application. In these cases the packaging speci- 
fication usually attempts to achieve a maximum of operating 
efficiency and protection, with a minimum of man-power and 
material cost. We are convinced, however, that with the 
end of the war more and more manufacturing concerns will 
progress towards completely pre-packed merchandise, and 
that we will be seconded in our drive towards this goal by al- 
most every large merchandise distributor, be it mail-order 
house, department store, chain store or wholesale house. 





You couldn't ask for a better merchandising medium for 


“safe transportation’ of your product to the consumer. Gift Wwrappli Ng a ae be 


LUSTEROID vials and tubes have what it takes to fill your (Continued from page 103) at Neiman-Marcus are de- 
post-war packaging needs. signed for a minimum of labor handling. Emphasis has been 
placed on the attractiveness of the wrapping papers and 
FOR PROTECTION—They provide strong, rigid, un- ribbons, several of which have been specially designed for 
breakable containers to safeguard your product from the store. One of these, designed by Emmy Zweybruck, who 
factory to consumer. made this month’s cover for MODERN PACKAGING, is an over- 
all pattern of angels, inspired by the Christmas motifs used 
FOR MERCHANDISING—Their crystal-clear walls pro- in Latin American countries. Another is a beautiful ir- 
vide perfect display for your product and a handy con- regular stripe in green and magenta. A whimsical touch is 
tainer thet is popular with customers for re-use. added to one of the Christmas packages by the use of a paper 
clown whose head and hands move when you stretch and 
unstretch the accordian pleated paper of which a part of him 

' is made. A green ostrich feather pen glorifies a shiny black 
rte enagenen =n anaeee — -aacen ewan = wrap on which is written in many colors, ‘“‘Merry Christmas.” 
labeling cost. And their light weight cuts shipping costs ; ; 2 : 
slenantially. The labor problem for gift wrapping has been difficult 
during these times, but Neiman-Marcus, by keeping many of 
All color—cleer or opeque—in diemeters from 1K" to their packages simple, and continuing to draw on persons 
114” and lengths up to 6”. Cork, slip-on or screw-cap skilled in sewing, needle work and fine handicraft has been 
closures. able to maintain a staff even during wartime. Students from 
art schools, young people with imagination, have also found 
opportunity in this department. 

Mechanics of the gift wrapping are concealed, but display 
booths and auxiliary booths are maintained at strategic loca- 
LUSTEROID CONT AINER CO INC tions throughout the store. The customer is given a number, 

°7 . and may do other shopping in the store while her package 15 
being wrapped or she may wait in a comfortable chair placed 
close to the booth. 

Believing that the essence of gift wrapping may be de- 
stroyed by too much brand, store or company advertising, 
Neiman-Marcus keeps trade identity to the essential of 4 
small gummed label or a decorative tag which is affixed to each 
package. 


FOR ECONOMY—LUSTEROID vials and tubes require 


no protective packing or partitioning in shipment. Your 


Write for post-war details. 











Formerly Lusteroid Division of Sillcocks-Miller Company 


Office and Factory 
10 W PARKER AVENUE, MAPLEWOOD, N. J. 
MAILING ADDRESS: SOUTH ORANGE. NV, J. 





MODERN PACKAGING 






















































nent, 
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aging 


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Bee 


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Ee 
= 
bs 


Our dreams of a NEW PACKAGING 
WORLD may be realized .... . 


With the return of “Business as Usual”, packaging will take on new life. 
Colors, finishes, material unavailable for the duration, will again be set free to be 
created into breath-taking designs. Greater “Buy Appeal” will be fabricated into 
packaging for a world joyous with Victory. 











Marvellum, again, will be among the first to pioneer a new era in packaging 
papers. Look for the “Papers Distinctive” that will be released soon for your post 
war packages. 





For your present needs there are many attractive designs available on demand. 
Let us know your requirements. We can ussure you prompt satisfactory service. 








. PAPERS DISTINCTIVE 










7, wo K 8 MAS S$ ACH VU SS ET T S 


DECEMBER °* 1944 








Where Carton Stresses and 
Strains Are Greatest... 


% % 


% STITCHING WITH STEEL 











Protection for your products in transit begins in your 
shipping room . . . with the way you strengthen your 
shipping cartons where they are weakest . . . at the clos- 
ure points. When you Silverstitch containers you add 
maximum strength and protection which will last the 
life of the carton . . . unaffected even by violent changes 
in temperature and humidity. 


Silverstitching is the method of closing cartons .. . 
bottoms, tops and end flaps . . . with strong, steel staples 
which have been quickly formed, driven and clinched by 
an Acme Silverstitcher. 


Silverstitchers offer shippers more economical perform- 
ance. They are sturdily built and their initial cost is low. 
Moving parts are made extra tough and many v:t:1 ones 
are reversible. Silverstitchers have a high continuous 
performance record and are low in maintenance costs. 
Inexperienced workers, including women, quickly learn 
to operate them. 


For a photo story on how Acme Silverstitchers can 
help you, write today for informative folder. 


® e 


ACME 


There is a size and model for every need. 





The wire to use! 


Acme Silverstitch stapling wire—for use with the 
Silverstitchers and other Stitchers, too—comes in 
10-pound, continuous length economy coils. It is 
true-to-size and temper, is rust-resisting, non- 
tangling, and makes strong stitches. For faster 
carton stitching use Silverstitchers and Silverstitch 
stapling wire. 


ACME STEEL CUMPAN CHICAGO 8. ILLINOIS 


Also Manufacturers of Acme Steelstrap and Strap-applying Equipment 


MODERN PACKAGING 


Washington Review 


(Continued from page 142) cups for military use. 

M-99, requiring scrapping of obsolete printing plates, has 
been revoked. Under amendment to M-399 plate makers 
can obtain zinc without preference ratings. 

P-146, as amended, contains new list of products permitted’ 
to use fibre shipping containers. 

L-337, as now-amended, requires orders for fibre shipping 
drums to be accompanied by certificate stating familiarity 
with the order and that the:drums will be used in compliance, 

L-197 amendment ends a two-year starvation period on 
use of steel drums by lifting restrictions for certain foods, 
shortening, dairy products, jams, jellies, preserves, molasses, 
corn syrup. Applies to capacity over twelve gallons. 

L-332, as predicted last month, has been revoked. This 
now permits delivery of container manufacturing machinery, 
provided acceptance of unrated orders does not interfere 
with the war effort. Nore: L-292 is still in force. This 
limits deliveries of machinery except on high priority. 

The silica gel order, placing that chemical on complete 
allocation, didn’t anticipate that the effect would be to} 
blockade delivery of bags. Difficulty was detoured by direct 
ordering of bags by procurement agencies. 

New simplified practice recommendation proposes stand- 
ardization of packages for butter. The recommendation has 
gone to butter producers and manufacturers of butter pack- 
aging for their voluntary acceptance. 

Bottle cap users have until Jan. 1, 1945, to use up supplies 
of scrap tin and salvaged tin cans for crown caps. This will 
enable more tin to be sent to detinning plants, and cap users 
won't suffer because more black metal has been allowed. 

Stabilization of prices for adhesives made: from tapioca 
flour is expected to result from OPA price ceilings establishing 
limits to what importers may pay. 

M-81, metal can order, through recent amendments now 
permits additional uses for such products as inks, glues, non- 
alcoholic anti-freeze, shellac, cements, polishes, etc. Previous 
amendment opened door for surgical dressings, hospital 
supplies, soap paste. 

Be on lookout for amendment to M-115 permitting 3% 
tin-content lead or aluminum tubes for dentifrices. 

M-380 has been amended to permit fuller use of certain 
varieties of ‘‘ordnance wraps” especially those of the moisture: 
vapor barrier type, for products other than those requiring 
the enclosure of a desiccant. 

Last April Federal Security Administrator Paul V. McNutt 
published proposed amendatory regulations changing the 
exemption regulations regarding directions on certain drugs 
and devices. These have now gone into effect. The only 
products now exempted from bearing directions are: 

1. Drugs and devices which because of their inherent 
toxicity or because of the degree of skill required in their use 
cannot be safely used by the ordinary individual. 

2. Official drugs which are ordinarily dispensed only aftet 
pharmacists have compounded them with other substances if 
filling physicians’ prescriptions. 

3. Inactive ingredients—solvents, colorings and flavorings. 

4. Drugs and devices shipped to physicians, dentists and 
veterinarians for use in their professional practice. 

5. Drugs and devices intended for use exclusively in the 
manufacture of other drugs and devices. 

6. Common household preparations, adequate directioms 
for which are known by the ordinary individual. 

Note: Labels and packages should be changed to confortih 








, has 
akers 


itted 


pping 

iarity & 4 
. ESTABLISHED 1876 

lance, 
d on 


foods, 





nplete 


be to 
direct 


stand- 
on has 
pack- 


upplies 
his will 
p users 
red. 

tapioca 
lishing 


its now 
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revious 
hospital 


ing 3% 





certaill 
1oisture- 
equiring 


McNutt 
sing the 
in drugs 


‘he only 


inherent . 
their use : We are the original manufacturers for the U. $. Army, of 
nlv after the METAL presentation boxes for the Purple Heart, the 
tances if 


Bronze Star Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross. 


avo Although we are busy now on war committments, we are 
tists afl 


making plans to be ready soon after Victory with a new 


g line of unusual boxes designed for the postwar world. 





contort. Bis 


F. H: NOBLE & COMPANY 559 West 59th Street Chicago 21, Illinois 


wptutomatte 
CARTONING e LINING 
FILLING e CLOSING 


4 Universal Machine that 2 the Universal Pavorite for 
Cartouing Cough Drops and Candy 


In a continuous automatic cycle, the Model C-10 closes the bottom, cuts the liner from a roll, 
forms and inserts the liner, counts and inserts the candy in the package, then tucks in and 
closes the liner and the top flaps of the carton. In packing cough drops, the liner is included 
to protect the contents. This liner is usually omitted in the packaging of 5c candies. For this 
operation the machine can be equipped to volume fill instead of count the contents. 


The Model C-10 has proven itself over many years of trouble-free service. It is in use by all of 
the largest cough drop manufacturers who have found it the ideal machine to meet their 
packaging needs. 


Send U.S. details on any of your packaging problems —we have the 
machines and the engineering background to help solve them. 


é ’ e Ca. 
A few of the many cough ee Gor Machinery Tuc 
drop and 5c candy cartons _ , 


packaged on the C-10. 


| sil 


LOS ANGELES (KRU 





a heautiful 
frozen foods 


America” 


That’s what dealers told us in a recent 
survey regarding the packaging of this 
new frozen food line being pioneered by 
Bozeman Canning Co., Mount Vernon. 
Washington. Other comments were: 


“Fine pictures show contents without read- 
ing labels . . . If I couldn’t sell that, I 
couldn’t sell anything ... Best looking 
package I ever saw .. . Beautiful to look 
at with fine protection for contents.” 


These food retailers see the sales value of these 
amazingly faithful reproductions on printed cel- 


lophane. They like the double barrier of inner 
box and machine-applied cellophane wrapper 
which gives superior protection against dehy- 
dration and odor contamination. They know that 
these packages are as good as they look and 
that they'll stand up against any competition. 


Ask us for samples of PICTSWEET wrappers 
and attractively printed cellophane bags. Let 
our technical and research men give you sug- 
gestions for your postwar packages. They'll be 
glad to work with you. 


CONVERTERS ¢ PRINTERS - LAMINATORS OF FILMS AND FOILS 


DECEMBER °* 1944 





NEW HEAT SEALER WITH PUSH BUTTON, 
SIZE ADJUSTMENT .. . 


makes the AMSCO HI-SPEED ROTARY HEAT SEALER particularly 


adaptable to ordnance, aircraft and other parts-packaging plants. 


Instantaneous automatic adjustment from one size to another insures 
high speed production on limited runs. Just push a button to raise 


or lower unit. 


Now operating in many ordnance plants throughout the country, the 
AMSCO machine gives an extra margin of speed, converting former 
slow operation and bottleneck to the fastest part of the production line. 


Engineering Details: Portable with 
extremely large range. 450 linear 
inches of perfect moistureproof 
heat-seal per minute—faster than 
other operations on packaging 
lines; easy operation reduces 
operator fatigue; air extraction 
from package before sealing helps 
avoid oxidation. Maximum pro- 
duction with a minimum of space 


and labor. 


Our engineers will be glad to give 
you complete details. 








AMSCO 
Machines Package: 


explosives 
sulfa drugs 
emergency 
rations 
fruit bars 


cocoa 


salt and sugar 


dehydrate 
foods 


tank and truck 
parts 
batteries 
tobacco 
blood plasma 
photo supplies 
rivets and small 
assemblies 
candy 

















AMSCO PACKAGING MACHINERY, Inc. 


31-31 Forty-Eighth Ave. {4335 


Long Island City1, N.Y. 











This company offers the widest facilities 


for fabricating rigid and flexible plastics 


into boxes, cannisters, envelopes, covers, 


and bags by modern methods. We spe- 


cialize in display boxes for the cosmetic 


and pharmaceutical fields. All shapes, in- 


cluding round, oblong and square in all 


gauges of materials. 


For war, we have been manufacturing 


fuse covers, waterproof machine gun 


covers, soldiers’ pay card envelopes, etc. 


E | 
NATIONAL TRANSPARENT BOX CO. 
NATIONAL TRANSPARENT PLAST 


1897 Columbus Ave. Springfield 3, Mass. Tel. 44979 
NEW YORK OFFICE—507 Fifth Ave.—Tel. VA 6-2550 


MODERN PACKAGING 





CS OO. 


A colorful folder showing 
how the Chrysler Corporation of Canada 
Ltd., protects their engines for export ship- 
ping has now been prepared. It tells the 
story of their use of A-19 Brownskin Griz- 
zlybear to lick the problem of corrosion 
on overseas shipments. 


Write today for your free 


copy of Folder BMP 
ANGIER CORPORATION 


CORROSION PREVENTIVE AND WATERPROOF PAPERS 
FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 



















































Packaging of foods, drugs, cosmetics—in fact anything 
sealed with a screw cap closure—shows sharp increases 
in production when a Consolidated capping machine 
goes on the line. 

CAPEM is an automatic, high speed capper. It is avail- 
able in 1, 3 and 4 spindle models and is easily fitted into 
any bottling line. Speeds range from 2000 to 7500 con- 
tainers per hour. Write for information 
on this sure way to increase production 
with less _—_ 


”— LONSOLUDATED PALWALIMG MALMIMERY LORE 





































Sa BUFIALO, N.Y. 
| Gi SS. 



































| ALL THESE TYPES OF PACKAGES IN — 
OUR CUSTOM PACKAGING DEPARTMENT 


: Yes, we package all types of dry powders, be they chemicals, cosmetics, household products, 





etc., in cartons, cans, set-up boxes, round paper packages or envelopes. 
We do your mixing, filling, weighing, labeling, etc., on high speed automatic equipment. 
WRITE  Olurservice acts as the packaging department for other businesses. 


OR We can do all your work, or we can do part of it and do it the same way you would handle 
PHONE __ it in your own plant. . 


THE STEVENS-WILEY MFG. CO., INC. 


Hancock, Palethorp & W. Berks Streets Philadelphia 22, Pa. Regent 1616-1617 











DECEMBER °* 1944 






LOW 


nventory Costs 


—one of many advantages 






created by this 






new Labelling System 







@ Standardize your shipping containers, cartons, 
boxes and wrapping materials. Automatically 
heat-seal a colorful identification label to each as 
you use them. This system cuts inventory costs, 
simplifies stock handling, saves storage. Rolls of 
thermoplastic labels cost little, and you can have 
a label designed for each item. Heat-sealing 
eliminates the use of | 
bothersome liquid glues. | 
If desired, the labels can | 
be automatically coded | 
while being applied. | 
Investigate al] the advan- 























tages of this system. 
























PRODUCTS 


Guard against damage in intra- 
plant handling or during shipment; 
save time and work in packing operations. Tubes made to 








Diecut labels in rolls are easily ur requir - i 34” w__, ee 
haadied, quickly changed with- ytBITiog yo see a in diameters from 38” to 6 any length ; 
out waste. - rom kraft, chipboard, special compositions; available waxe 


or plain. Write for complete information. 





< 
The “Oliver” Labeller is also ‘ae Fortified —— 
offered as an individual oes 
machine for labelling 
only. 


It can be attached 
to most wrap- 








ping ma- 


4 > chines. Put your special message 
Dy on a label 


Use “Oliver” Labels to carry 
special information about the 
product, to call attention to re- 
lated products, or to deliver a 
goodwill message for you. Such 
advertising is effective, economi- 
cal. The labels are easily heat- 
sealed to the package and cost 
so little. 














In addition to paper tubes and cans—as described and illus- 
trated above—we also manufacture a complete line of packag- 
ing envelopes for holding small flat parts; metal top en- 
velopes for secure fastening and convenient re-opening; 
waterproof and greaseproof envelopes to meet all specifica- 
tions; duplex shop-order envelopes with protective glassine 
panels; industrial gaskets... paper, felt, cork, asbestos, 
synthetic rubber, leather, or special compositions; die-cut 
products .. . produced by rotary press, platen press, punch 
press, or drawing methods from paper, felt, cork, special 
compositions; Saf-T-Pak boxes specially designed to in- 
dividual requirements for the protection of small precision 
parts and other fragile items easily damaged in shipment. 


PIERCE PAPER PRODUCTS CO. 


2730-D AUBURN STREET, ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 













Write for full 
details today 

ask for 
sample collec- 
tion of labels 
M-12! 














OLIVER MACHINERY COMPANY, GRAND RADIDS 2, MICH. 





174 MODERN PACKAGING 

















Rake 
WR a RTT 


intra- 
ment, 
de to 
gth— 


vaxed 








analysis of your eae spect 





























ills We suggest you consult us now for you r 
ac ag- : % ss = - 
op en- | postwar ria. ein NN 
ing; : 

ncifice- i a ert 
die-e ACNE FOLDING BOX 0 | 4 tf i a 
die- -< Baa nars r 
= | oy INC. a 
special § Fe 
to in- ‘ ' 
ae * Ms . 
—— 141 E. 25th STREET, NEW YORK 10, N. Y. - : 

| : 3 | secees 3 
°O. j TEL. MUrray Hill 4-7520 : SasGnGE5uE suaae ee 
Nols : — 2 








DECEMBER ®* 1944 175 











Wire Stitched Shipping Containers Best Protect 
\@S Your Goods in Transit | 
orin Storage 


Regular Slotted Containers with bottoms wire stitched are widely recognized as 
the strongest, most rigid and dependable containers available. Wire stitching 
utilizes the entire strength of the board and is unaffected by moisture conditions 
in storage or transit. 

For your stitching equipment, it will pay you to investigate the machines illus- 
trated here, before you buy. 


THE BLISS HEAVY DUTY BOTTOM STITCHER is recommended for heavy duty, 
high speed, continuous production. Favorably known as the fastest, strong- 
est, most durable and dependable Bottom Stitcher built. 


Bliss Heavy Duty IMPROVED LATHAM BOTTOM STITCHER is a moderate priced machine, Bliss Top and 
Bottom Stitcher recommended for stitching the lighter grades of corrugated and solid fibre Bottom Stitcher 
containers, in all the usual sizes which do not require the heaviest kind of 
—.- Has many features heretofore found only in the highest priced 
machines. 


THE BLISS TOP AND BOTTOM STITCHER. Some products must now be 
shipped in completely wire stitched containers. This stitcher is recom- 
mended for plants or departments where one machine will handle the quan- 
tity of bottom and top stitching needed. Quickly changed for bottom or 
top stitching. Counterbalanced table for easy raising and lowering. 


FOR STITCHING FILLED BAGS, the Boston Portable Bench Stitcher has been 
found practical and convenient, as it can be readily moved to the work to 
be stitched. Operates from light socket—solenoid operated foot pedal. 


ASK FOR LITERATURE ON ANY OF THESE MACHINES 


DEXTER FOLDER COMPANY [ig* 2 
330 West 42nd Street, New York Boston Portoble 


Chicago—Boston—Philadelphia—Cincinnati Small Bag Stitcher 








MODERN PACKAGING 





NGUMMED 


TAPES 

if HOLD ON 
P THEY NEVER LET GO 

710 BECAUSE THEY ARE 

MADE TO STAY ON 


GUMMED SEALING TAPE, PLAIN & PRINTED 
if ““CARPAC’’ REINFORCED SEALING TAPE 
ape" HEAVY GUMMED KRAFT 
on GUMMED CAMBRICS ’ COMBINING 


‘““SOLSEAL’’ WATERPROOF TAPE 
UR COMPLETE LINE 
mnieaieniemas re —_— ASPHALT LAMINATED REINFORCED WATER- 


PROOF WRAPPING PAPER 
VENEER GUMMED TAPE © GUMMED HOLLANDS 
° CREASED GUMMED STAY 


ATLANTIC GUMMED PAPER CORP 


manta CT UR ERS OF “Qn-to-Sta”’ SUMMED PAPERS 


PLANT & MAIN OFFICE: ONE MAIN ST., BROOKLYN i, N. Y. 


“INERWOV”’ REINFORCED CORRUGATORS TAPE 


BRANCH OFFICES: PHILADELPHIA . PITTSBURGH - CHICAGO - BUFFALO . ATLANTA - LOS ANGELES HAVANA 





Many Great Nations Are Already 
Planning Post War Programs 


as are also many business men—ARE YOU? 


THE BECK SHEETER 


Labels + Box Wraps After ‘‘Unconditional Surrender’ is a fact of history, you 
Packets « Cartons « Folding Boxes will want the highest productive Sheeting equipment 


: obtainable, to meet competition. Your choice may be 
Merchandise Envelopes and Cards from the hi-speed Electric Eye machines for ‘‘spot sheet- 


STECH ER-TR AUNG ing’’ down to the more simple standard’ machines for 


plain work. 


LITHOGRAPH CORPORATION Write us to-day for to-morrow. 
ROCHESTER 7,.N.Y. SAN FRANCISCO 11, CALIF. 


Offices in Principal Cities CHARLES BECK MACHINE CO. 
13th & Callowhill Streets Philadelphia, Pa. 











DECEMBER °* 1944 












1945 


PROMISES 
MANY 
CHANGES! 


Everyone looks hopefully for the end of hostilities and a return to 
peacetime duties in 1945. 

When this time comes will you be ready to make the plant re- 
adjustments necessary to accommodate the huge anticipated demand 
for your product? 

If your plans now do not include efficient, economical carton 
packaging by machine, let us tell you how it can benefit you. Send | 
a sample of each size carton you expect to handle. We will show | 
you how PETERS machines can increase your output, reduce your | 
labor cost and increase your profit. 








THE PETERS JUNIOR CARTON FORMING AND LINING | 
MACHINE sets up 35-40 cartons per minute, requiring only one 
operator. After the cartons are set up, they drop onto a conveyor 
where they are carried to be filled. If several size cartons are desired 
to be handled, machine can be made adjustable. 





THE PETERS JUNIOR CARTON FOLDING AND CLOSING 
MACHINE closes 35-40 cartons per minute, requiring no operator. 
After the cartons are filled, they enter the machine on conveyor and 
are automatically closed. Can also be made adjustable to handle 
several size cartons. 

Also makers of PETERS SENIOR line of set-up and closing machines 
for larger production requirements with speeds up to 60 cartons per 
minute. 

P.S. Post war orders will be filled in the same sequence they are | 
received. | 


PETERS MACHINERY COMPANY 


GENERAL OFFICE AND FACTORY 





In packaging, the finish is impor- 
tant, too! Beautiful colors and de- 
signs need the extra sparkle of a 
good coating, the extra distinction 
of embossing or die-cutting. 








4700 RAVENSWOOD AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILL. 


MODERN PACKAGING 























TPIT ss erat rameriiren ry 














Recommended 
for Review 
... Reprints Ready 


When peace brings resumption of normal 





mip as aR 


trade ... what about Plastics? 


For the factual answers, refer to the 
November issue of Modern Plastics 
magazine ... the news is good! 


Over the editorial title, ‘Industrial 
Expansion’, Modern Plastics presents 
therein the findings of its own recently 
conducted survey in the industry 

itself and among the end users of the 
industry’s products. 





Devoted exclusively to the materials and 
- machines used in compression, transfer 
and injection molding, high-pressure 
laminating and extrusion, the report 
deals with: 


. Present capacities 
. Growth within the last year 
. New production methods employed 


. New equipment ordered, but not yet 
installed 





. Monthly consumption of materials 
. Projected plant expansions 


. Postwar plans of materials producers 
and machinery manufacturers 








If you haven’t the November issue at hand 

... the facts are now available in reprint 

form. A letterhead request will bring 

you a copy—or copies—as many as you 

may require. 

IVI ODERN 
|Puasries MAGAZINE 

4 ——— 


PUBLISHED 8Y MODERN PLASTICS, INC. 
122 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK 17, N.Y. 
Chicago * Washington + Cleveland + Los Angeles 


9 











WATERPROOF LINERS AND BAGS 


C.T. C. 


INDUSTRIES, 


FRONT AND BECKETT STS., CAMDEN, N. J. 


INC. 








DECEMBER * 1944 





CRCO-New Way Labeler 
In the Paint Industry 


Handling everything from quarter-pints to full gallon cans with bale ears, CRCO-New Way Labelers 
are proving to be the fastest and most economical labeling machines available for the paint and 
allied industries. Send for special Bulletin showing CRCO-New Way Labelers and Feed Tables. 


NEW WAY DIVISION cuisnotm-rypver co., inc. HANOVER, PA. 














Model PG 
Labeler— 
lf Pints to 


Gallons 























NEW 


ROTARY TABLET 
PRESS 


New series 200-25 tablet machine embodies years 
of experience in building equipment, incorporates 
refinements giving an entirely new standard of per- 
formance. 

Special features include new variable lower punch 
pull-down track plus micrometer cell adjustment 
minimizing punch and die wear and practically 
eliminating capping; solid steel tie bar; centrally 
located main drive shaft; lower center of gravity. 
Range of operating speeds is provided by built-in 
variable speed drive. Power transmitted through 
lever operated disk clutch. Special drive materially 
reduces power consumption. Standard speed motor. 
Capacity per minute: 300-800 tablets. Diameter 
of tablet 3/16” to 5/8”, maximum depth of cell: 
11/16”. Floor space: 30” X 36’, height: 60’, 
net weight: 1025 Ibs. 


ARTHUR COLTON COMPANY 


2602 E. JEFFERSON AVE., DETROIT 7, MICHIGAN 


180 MODERN PACKAGING 


















































Never! Here, a permanent ‘‘bond”’ is an accepted fact. NOW you can 
have the same permanent ‘‘bond”’ on the paper tape needed to seal 
YOUR shipments, because the same principle of— 


AUTOMATIC — MOISTENING — ae 
A ic Moistening 
(ountérho CONTROL used on our Box Maker’s Auton econmended by 


Power Machine is also used on our INDUSTRIES 
Shipment Sealers GUMMED D Assn 
- ad AM, RAILROAD Assn. 


BETTER PACKAGES, INC. 54 Canal Street, SHELTON, CONN. 


YOU CAN DECORATE GLASS, 
PLASTICS, WOOD OR OTHER 
a SURFACES PERMANENTLY! 


Won't scratch off, won't wash off, won't rub off. Applied 
in any color, or any number of colors, to all shapes and 
sizes of containers and closures. Ideal for plastics and 
glass — also other hard-to- decorate materials. Trans- 
forms stock mold containers and closures into individual- 




















— 













ized packages with your trade mark or name or deco- 
ration permanently applied. 





re - 











WE PRINTMAKERS GROUP 


14 West 17th Street, New York CH 3-6803 


Surface Decorators for the Packaging Field 













DECEMBER °* 1944 




























a fica 
a x 
sa 
eo3 f f 

S 5 t 
~ hm, 
$0 @ ects 
SE 6 
bes 
<PE 
& 
» 
‘ i 
« 
&) 
N 
N > 
~ S 
—_ 3 
Q : 
on 
., && 
2 aS 
\ : 
' a 
Ny td s 
S et 
S 2 
S = 
= go 
& ar 
S wt 
N > 
) SN oA 
= 


Gives the appearance of genuine SUEDE » VELVET 
¢ VELOUR to paper, cardboard, etc. 


CLEAVELAND 


LABORATORIES AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY 


Main Office and Plant: 


Peapack, New Jersey 


Pioneers in the application of Plastic Coatings to Textiles and Paper 


Tel. Peapack 697 


NEW PLASTIC COATINGS FOR PACKAGES. 
REPELLENT. PROTECTION AGAINST MILDEW, ACID, DAMPNESS AND RUST, 











The many colors and cuts of Rayco Flock permit 
an endless variety of richly textured and brilliantly 
colored surfaces using a simple base of paper or 
cardboard. Entirely practical in cost for deluxe 


boxes, souvenir programs, catalog covers, novelties, 


CIK AC 


display containers, gift presentation sets, etc. Sam- 








ples placed in your designer’s hands should produce 
many valuable ideas. 


Request Samples and Prices 
RAYON PROCESSING CO. inc: 


Developers and Manufacturers 
of Printing aud Coating Flock 


(aa a-\4e-\) ome \-(0)-9-N1e)-1] 420m | 











MODERN PACKAGING 














| WALDRON rrame 
| EMBOSSING MACHINE 


The exclusive regulating and recording features of 
this modern embosser indicate when equal pres- 
sure is being applied on both sides of the machine. 
Whatever desired pressure is required on either 
side to compensate for irregularity of goods can 
not only be maintained for the run but recorded 
for exactly duplicating on later runs. Machine has 
other notable WALDRON operating advantages— 
sub frame that permits quick change of design 
—anti-friction bearings throughout—automatic 
stop to prevent possible damage to engraving. 
Write to us for detailed information. 


PR 


Among prominent users of WALDRON Embossing Machines 
are:—Hammermill Paper Co.; Hampden Glazed Paper Co.; 
Hazen Paper Co.; Clopay Corp.; Smith Paper, Inc.; Cham- 
paign Paper Corp.; Riegel Paper Co.; Sorg Paper Co., and 
| many others. 




















JOHN WALDRON CORP. 


NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 




















IWALDRON:U.S.AJ 








—Corley-Miller 
SHEETER-GLUER 


Cuts and Delivers Sheets From 
Rolls . . Glued if Desired! 












Corley-Miller Sheeter-Gluer 


A time 
and labor sav- 
er, this machine. It 
cuts almost any type 
of wrapping material 
from rolls and deliv- 
ers the cut sheets on 
a table height con- 
veyor—ready for 
use by one or more 
operators. Conveyor 
furnished in three 
lengths. The Sheeter- 
Gluer can also be 
furnished with gluing 
mechanism, variable 
speed drive, electric 
eye for printed ma- 
terials. It is an ideal 
pacemaker. Write 
today for informa- 
tion. 











Miller Model CP Hand Sealing 
‘achine 


HEAT SEALS CARTONS 
IN ORDNANCE WRAPPERS 


This simple unit simul- 
taneously heat seals the 
end folds and longitudi- 
nal seam of cartons 
wrapped in Grade C or 
other heat sealing ord- 
nance wrappers. Pene- 
trating heat seal makes 
French folds or adhesives 
application unnecessary. 


MACHINES FOR: wrappinc, BAG MAKING, BAG AND CARTON 
FILLING, BAG CRIMPING OR CLOSING, GLUING AND SHEETING 


i 


14 South Clinton Street, Chicago 6, IIlinois 


DECEMBER °* 1944 








183 

























All classified advertisements payable in ad- 
vance of publication. Rates: $5.00 upto sixty 
words; enclosed in border, $10.00 per inch. 








WE ARE A NEW COMPANY devoted to the solutions of packaging and 

packaging machinery problems. If you are contemplating a develop- 

ment project in packaging or machinery contact us and learn of our 

service. Package development and machine design now. Light fabri- 

cating immediately, full scale construction very soon. Package and 
uip t Develop t Co., 2251 N. Knox Ave., Chicago, 39, Ill. 








PART TIME ART WORK—Nationally known manufacturer of retail 
store wrapping materials used by specialty shops, department stores, 
gift shops, chain stores, etc., requires imagination and new ideas in 
decoration and design, both line cuts, and all-over effects. Mutual 
satisfaction could lead to full time position with wide store and advertiser 
contacts. Box 265, Modern Packaging. 





For Sale: 1 Type EHA Bostitch Foot Stapler with extra head. In excel- 
lent condition. Cost complete $80.00. Will sell for $55.00 crated FOB 
Watsonville for immediate shipment. Geo. F. Martin & Co. P.O. 
Drawer 511, Watsonville, Calif. 





WANTED by Manufacturer of Cylindrical Containers, an experi- 


enced salesman with broad knowledge and following in this field. 
Requires a man who has initiative and vision to interpret new 
Box 266, Modern 


fields for our container. Send full particulars. 


Packaging. 











SPECIAL TO PACKAGING EXECUTIVES 


Informative, practical, Shipping Instruction Brochures compiled from 
the experience of successful executives, on every angle of packing, mark- 
ing, sealing, transport, handling and all related subjects. 


The set of ten Shipping Brochures—$15.00. The first Brochure sent on 
approval. 


Order or write for further details to: 
Shipping Management, Inc., 425 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, N. Y. 





Salesman for established firm familiar with Drug, Food and Cosmetic 
Trades to sell Plastic and Metal screw caps. Write stating experience and 


territory covered. Box 267, Modern Packaging. 





MACHINERY DESIGN ENGINEER—Preferably with experience in the 
designing of automatic packing and wrapping equipment. This position 
has excellent post war prospects, because it ties in with our expansion 
plans now under way. Excellent salary for an engineer with the proper 
qualifications. 


THE GIRDLER CORPORATION 
East Broadway 
Louisville, Kentucky 





One-Half Pint Bottles. 
white). 


5 cars bottles (3 cars amber and 2 cars 
Known as Juice or Economy bottles. 28 MM finish with 
200-lb. test carton. These cartons and bottles brand new and 
never been used. Holler’s Concentrated Beverages, 1030 S.W. 8th 


St., Miami 36, Fla. 





Publisher reserves the right to accept, reject 
or censor a classified copy. 








Wanted to buy several wooden box nailing machines. Write Box 269 
Modern Packaging. 





One World Labeling Machine in excellent condition. New Motor. 
$425.00, f.o.b. factory. Holler’s Concentrated Beverages, 1030 S.W. 8th 
Street, Miami 36, Fla. 








As its contribution to orderly re-employment, MODERN PACK- 
ING will print free of charge in its ‘“‘Positions Wanted”’ classi- 
fication, one ad, not to exceed 20 words, for each honorably dis- 
charged veteran of the armed forces of the United Nations who 


has had previous packaging experience. 








WANTED—STOCK MOLDS 


There is a great need for stock molds for packages, closures and 
other container requirements. These molds to be used for 
molding plastics. 


A wide assortment of these molds is now available in molding 
plants throughout the country. A complete photographic 
presentation of items made in stock molds, indexed with names 
and addresses of molders, is offered in book form: **PLASTICS 
STOCK MOLDS.” This book also contains an index of stock 
= rods, tubes and shapes and laminated sheets, rods and 
tu ° 


Price—$5.00 in U. S. A., $6.00 Foreign and Canadian, from 
Plastics Stock Molds 


122 E. 42nd Street 
New York 17, N. Y. 




















UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY 


Wanted by established, progressive packaging machinery manu- 
facturer, a sales engineer with technical training, familiar with 
food packaging to promote the sale and distribution of modern 
packaging machines throughout the middle west. Future 
limited only by your ability. Write giving previous connections, 
qualifications, and full details. Chicago office location. Box 
268, Modern Packaging. ; 


POTDEVIN 


CELLOPHANE BAG MACHINES 


produce single-wall or ‘‘duplex’’ bags that resist side- 
splitting and top-splintering; bags with projecting 
lip—easily opened for filling. The new POTDEVIN 
pinch cut-off makes an elliptical or straight lip with 
smooth edges. Several other exclusive features and 
POTDEVIN bag machine patents make this possible. 











Upstate wholesale paper house needs representative to service 
paper box industry in upper N. Y. State and Pennsylvania. Well 
Good in- 
come assured. Your full particulars, your experience and quali- 
Box 270, Modern Packaging. 


established volume, excellent postwar possibilities. 


fications. 








PMC 2160. POTDEVIN Model 111-C adjustable range flat and 
square cellophane bag machine complete with electric eye-ope!- 
ated compensator for converting plain or pre-printed material. 
FLAT bag range 3” X 64%” to 10144” x 164”. 


1244—38th Street 


Brooklyn 18, N. Y. 
Established 1893 








POTDEVIN MACHINE CO. 


Tel. Windsor 6-1700 





MODERN PACKAGING 























































6) -agonater ye ct 



























































































































INDEX 





TO ADVERTISEMENTS 

















er rr serene 136 inenrnational Piastie Geric. . 5... ww ce cc wesc cc cwees 131 
om a ere re eee ee ean bi na SIA ITO ea eae Peete ate RG 70 
aia MMe Rint ai0h a ea wp ay Wi arin 6) 920) vw) BRNO OS a ecw eR 
Adhesives Mfrs. Ass'n. of 0 EE AIRE ae ee 46 Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Co..............0.0005 6 
— ? ako cia orate an Bo ae see eae = + ag -— ES Re UES Ry ome ee a 12 
Cie fibt PMMA aa Te SLOG a ein! aia Suns eheae ce Simei oan a EN iss okay once! pole dw wim’ 94) Riel ace Me aere 51 
pT 2 ere ar Inside Front Cover oe SS a ene a ene ene eee 5 
iene I i os sv sin 6 ds 04 oN ev ween eee es 33 BN CE | 5 ee ea ae eee eee ee area 14 
Amsco Packaging Machinery, Inc............0.:00 eee eeee 172 
Archon FICHE GOSS OID... 6 6 5 occ cin cs tisewsecceeews 68-69 LOA I coe coiari dnce ld wien nla Sialale Gros aa 165 
i aahccee iit abut ehis Jeicka nen enon 172 ee 166 
SN IN MN ie ion Se eale'w be ane we words owe en 154 
Armstrong Cork Co 2 NED ARES RC rR er eR = 27, 145 hr Se etn 135 
: I ok acs ores elves Vink was ee wep ee 9 INAS SNOT TIO som, gs. aiiensi cc ercicin'e sieiw-osipuewie'e od sieges 158 
; Atlanta Paper Co....... 2... e eee cee e cece eee e cece eens 66-67 Manhattan Paste & Glue Co., Inc... 2.2... ee ee eee 18 
} Atlantic Gummed Paper Corp............0. cece cee eee 177 EN earn evar baw shee weno eRoena Gnu eeewen 37 
i i ctl ata Lk a pe buee edie ial eek 167 
; FE Ee RIE Te ee ee 28 a sisiiciv'nsinee se ewaediaemekat wake’ 15 
ete o.oo cn scvanvscvcuncanuvennecinans 177 a alana det ct a an RVR 151 
A 6. bo Fos hw pes heagexae anew wme 137 Master Craftsmen of the National Paper Box Mfrs. Assn..... 17 
i —" OER Aenean es Ors pace tn se en tee bn aro iy ol oo, Ae ce ealite i Pe ARPES IEEE MC Nea 163 
SO TN EES Tne ean erator eA St ane ea Re ene e NS ch shia) 3. aidiai aie, te-sheuve canals stiassereGuch oie ed Rte eee 26 
| Burt Co., SS ER re penne aro re 111 es: mae Dea = Li eee ene ee eID ee rg tee tent Tose 138 
ee Inside Back C 
Noi aia Ry hy oa Sua ames 178 Miller Wrapping & Sealing Machine Co........ be . : as 183 
— ea em, A Ks Kee mekechennees eau 62-63 ns Cot ein ic an ae pha See RA wee 50 
MT-LOWEY (S1GSS CO... eee c cece ceceeenceseecees 34 oe a 179 
ka sash ghee awa e AOE 31 Mohan Containers - RES OT OGRE EES 160 
I bigncre Ghixs oa kb K Hos er eran nr uoeeees 55 II ig oi owccanseccdvncesdacwewuaenee 186 
Cantral States Parmer & Bad COs ee 5 ks es Oh cw sieeswees 47 
Champion Paper & Fibre Co., The. ............0eceeeeees 39 Nashua Gummed & Coated Paper Co... . 2... 6... e cece eee 74 
ee ca Sve ccna dew eewweeme ewes 8 National Casein Sales.............. Se Netaicina Smee cela 164 
Chisholm Ryder IE. 55.5 cv inmiudesadieuxanres bean 180 — ac esi = fap Reha seen esos eeehenenen 147 
EE Se rewier ere yee erty ee 184 ational lransparent Box Co... 1.6... ee eee eee eee eee ee 172 
cane - anggaaa ces icrecivbiadesuswunes 182 ee a ae, be Nae ee eee eee 35 
NL cs 2s aca otk cadet ae @ wer aio adink 180 ew England Collapsible lube Co... ..... 6... eee eee 32 
a loge Machinery Corp... oi. .cccccccccs 173 on! NS, rere er ree 169 
» ree CIO Gr FONE 56.555. 5 Sse g sole sss estes sees ee 19 ’ 7 
_ : Continental con MA Soto hare acon 3 gilt Lede niga tates ation Ie ad 29 Oliver Machinery Co... ... 2.6.6 e sees eee ee eee eee eens 174 
s,m wiubunwaenn Rawegina toanan 156 Owens-Illinois Glass Co... 2.0... cee eee eee 16, Back Cover 
— : Craviford sr chain tk oa 178 es ido ie tinmukk de acneko ew eaden ene 52 
HOGHIVE TITMIETISHOIS CONOUD <<. 5 ais. 6 5ce ess:eees does eg erste c were eps 181 . 
i Criterion Pamer & TWINGE GO. < «<0... <6 20 cd cewe saci onaee 157 se sag gy od Ng Merten Te crn et hai ee ek <a 
{ EERE LS 9 ae are eer Poe eae ieee Owe menue « 141 Darker ae at Co a ne ge te 1 
Se Gn wins sc oboe eas kaa e eed ees 153 Ne eee pe tee 
is vs vy Seance beh eeeeere baw at 178 
SCE Peer PONENTS 5-65. 3: Ss: ins s?' sn Savarese ORS arte RE 179 _— ate. lll 3 
le- : oa og has b Sale are dee eee yee ees 162 Prares Paper PHORM LO... 6.6... 060s eee ssecerercer ens Le 
ng i Dewey & Almw Chemical Co... .. 0.6. cccccescccsccvees 159 sc re ey ae ee ce Ene a 
IN : ET ae ee ey cee 176 awe sty vey <s:idadeidadaiadeihinbidia al dlnchirsia-sihithn bh 4 
th Diagraph-Bradley Stencil Machine Corp...............05 176 si hon halla aaa 
it i I as hoch nine wr ichad 0s paw aceub ean 171 I I ios enc icanidawaadwnndoneeken 54 
nd Dow Chemical Co., RCE eee eee eee ee 49-43 Rayon Processing Co. 2g oe eee cr ee ee rt 182 
os sass wre ani binning oueaee an 156 Riegel Paper C TT kc ee ee 
: DuPont eeshine 13 hs by a wee sheauisises eliots Rehone avin iecatautnne incites iceslebei yc uobeneete as 
eee eee eee eee eee eee e eee eee eens chie PER rhea er eae BRA yc ee 
DuPont Cel-O-Seal... 2.2.2... ee eer cecee eee eeeceennce 49 UNNI... ky rc hnseeennees 73 
I ii sor nin. chisndn keene atasernntgeeae 1929 OES ee Pe ee ED 38 
. ss si ck arpa sew aaniawiek 65 I ig. aay acne bw nabe web wasn eee e Ne OER 53 
i I oii sis an had kA WER Ew ee en 133 
Nl a ae alate et pte ee 161 Sherman Paner Products Corp... ..... 0. .scccccenseccsecs 139 
q Findley Co., acc tcnamanaieus cece etanitias 61 Standerd-Knapp Corp..........-.esccsessccecceneeeees 130 
ak ae heehee ore os fee. kh CCC Se 
’ — ot SITIES 24-25 I EERE ERLE RESET 36 
- oe. 7 one 7 EIT Tren iT 71 
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co... 0.0... cece cece eee e eee 11 eels WHINE GIOIA. «5 goon oc ce cdeccecsccensecens 20 
i heen ere ee eee ee eee ee oe = Triangle Package Machinery Co... ........ 000 eee e eee eee 29 
EE cncwe aivaicheccorsudeeanaiiedemerne ta eR aoe ee Pe EIA Tee 61 
ON i 1 cccinnpniiln'g hsmrdy sie pare domsease 149 U. S. Automatic Box Machinery Co., Inc.......... 00. ee ee 170 
a # Dench Paper Eee ney an 10 ae aed oars ac cies dig avers Mie Nips San oe area 72 
ag 2 ee ee Rae ee are ereae rerardeee Son nr 44 
Hudson-Sharp Machine Co.........0ccecceccuccuccucees 164 I Sn - vs canenuieerwersna cing eeeaanen 183 
and , on carl w minh duinkie eee aeNe 132 
oper- ig SORE OE FEL OTE re 56 NY CI Ok ocean wese ewan guesses 134 
srial. TTI 5 cribs sbeweknbhanes beReee 28 Wright’s Automatic Machinery Co... .. 2.0... 0. cece eee ee 48 





O. | MODERN PACKAGING 


a BRESKIN PUBLISHING COMPANY 
l 122 East 42nd St. New York 17, N. Y. 


DECEMBER °* 1944 185 








How to Make the Best Use ot Plastics 
in POSTWAR PACKAGING 





— 





COSMETIC CONTAINERS 


Vuepak cartons—Lustron 
Resimene 





WINDOW DISPLAYS 





Vuepak sheets 
Fibestos sheets 


DECORATIVE INSETS 


Nitron sheets 


VIALS, BOTTLES 


00 


Lustron 


CORROSION-RESISTANT 
LAMINATES 


Monsanto’s vinyl acetals 


COUNTER DISPLAYS 


Lustron 
Fibestos 


Vuepak sheets 
Resimene Resinox 





CLOSURES 


Tink — 
Resinox Lustron 


Resimene 


RE-USE PACKAGES 


CY 
Sa 


Lustron Resinox Resimene 
Vuepak sheets  Fibestos 


“HELP YOURSELF” 
DISPLAYS 


ao 





GI 





MONSANTO 


PLASTICS FOR PACKAGING 





Tensile 
Strength 


Heat 
Resistance 


Impact 
Resistance 


Strength at Low 
Temperatures 


Dimensional 
Stability 


Molding** 
Methods 


Forms* 
Supplied 


Color 
Range 





FIBESTOS (cellulose acetates) 


good to 
excellent 


to 120— 


excellent 212°F. 


good 


fair to 
good 


unlimited MC, S, R, T ie ome 





LUSTRON (polystyrene) 


good 


good to 180°F. excellent 


excellent 


unlimited MC 


Som 





NITRON (cellulose nitrates) 


very good 


excellent to 140°F. good 


good 


special 


unlimited asta 


S, R, T 





RESIMENE (melamine- 
formaldehydes) 


very good 
to excellent 


to 210— 


good 380°F. 


excellent 


excellent 


all but 


lightest colors MC, IR 


a 





RESINOX (phenol- 
formaldehydes) 


good to 
very good 





to 230— 
450°F. 


good to 


excellent 
excellent 








excellent 





darker 


MC, IR 
colors only 


oA 














rubber-like compounds are supplied in both thermoplastic and thermosetting (vulcanizable) forms, are used primarily 
as fabric coatings and adhesives but can also be extruded in limitless range of colors. 


to 120— 
212°F. 


VINYL ACETALS 





good to 
excellent 


fair to 
good 


VUEPAK (cellulose acetate) Ss sheets 


\O only 


—f 


MONSANTO 


1D) ATTA 
PLASTICS 
VING INDUSTRY WHICH SERVES KIND 


excellent good transparent 
































*MC—molding compounds 
**|— injection 


S—sheets 
C—compression 


R—rods 
E—extrusion 


T—tubes IR—industrial resins 
T—transfer, form of compression 


Turis is just a beginning of the long list of packaging jobs the broad and versatile 
family of Monsanto Plastics will fill after the war. This chart is only a bare outline 
of the major properties of the broadest, most versatile group of plastics offered by 
any one manufacturer. For specific help on your problems and specific advice on See 
the best plastic for your needs, write: MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY, Plastics 

Division, Springfield 2, Massachusetts. 








186 MODERN PACKAGING 





* 












ere NAGAI 


: The cost of “peace on earth” runs high 





in human life . . . and for those who 
have ele giile:to mom riltla Maal CM all Mlatel-T-10| 
“be a silent Christmas. Let each cross 


remind us that our first duty is to 





maintain an uninterrupted production 


3 


__ of war materiel to speed the day when ~ 


"peace on earth” is here again. 
g 


MICHIGAN CARTON CO. 


BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN 


® 


















Today’s trend is to glass 
packaging. Ask us to show 
you how a glass container 
can help you sell. 


Cap Hag $8 erg ae lO Re alae Ie Sy Ra tas 


Seo 
=> ye F 

























The earth seems smaller 
to Mrs. Spalding than to 
most of us—she has been 
around it so often on her 
husband’s concert tours. 
Yet her Massachusetts 
mountain home was al- 
ways in her mind. “I’ve 
shopped the world for 
things and ideas for it,” 
she says. 


COLOR SCHEME BY MAMMA NATURE! Too pretty to hide—your 
vegetables and fruits, in truthful glass. Easy to see when to re- U 
order, too. And left-overs can be stored in their own containers— t 
no refrigerator dishes to wash. 






























| Mrs, Albert Spalding 


eee Sa = WIFE OF THE CELEBRATED VIOLINIST SAYS: 
WA H 1 

4 

MA 7 y igthard— bog We te 


“For glass adds sparkle to the shelves... 





it looks so clean, so modern!”’ 


Built of native stone, with a heavenly 
view of the Berkshires, Mrs. Spalding’s home 
shows in every room that Mr. Spalding isn’t 
the only artist in the family! Old Royal 
Worcester china is her first love, but glass 


‘\ * . 

is a close second. “I buy everything I can a? 

in glass,” she says. WG 
“Just see, for instance, what glass does 


for the cupboard ideas shown here—why, 
in glass these vegetables and fruits are as 
decorative as flowers! Also glass lets you 
see what you're buying. And to a careful av 
shopper that matters.” a af 


Das >, 
Swag IS CONTAINERS © OWENS-ILLINOIS > x: 


GLASS COMPANY, TOLEDO, OHIO 





FRED WARING! And his Pennsylvanians! 
Coast to coast Blue Network, Thursday 
nights at 7:00 E.W.T., 6:00 C.W.T., 9:30 


M.W.T., 8:30 P.W.T. 
in @ 
we 
YC phat g 
, KITCHEN- BEAUTIFYING COFFEE CUPBOARD—Jumbo cups and demi- 


ts wanes . it aliens 

PD ytat” tasses sit beside your colorful coffee-pot collection. Get coffee in glase 

/ of course, vacuum-packed—see that you have the proper grind. The air 
tight top re-seals; keeps your coffee fresher and more flavorful.